FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Liu, LS Fishman, ML Hicks, KB Liu, CK AF Liu, LS Fishman, ML Hicks, KB Liu, CK TI Biodegradable composites from sugar beet pulp and poly(lactic acid) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sugar beet pulp; poly(lactic acid); compression-heating; composite ID POLYMERS; FIBERS; WATER AB Sugar beet pulp and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by compression-heating. The resultant thermoplastics had a lower density, but they had tensile strength similar to that of pure PLA specimens as well as the same geometric properties. Tensile properties depended on the initial water content of sugar beet pulp and the process by which composites were manufactured. In comparison with sugar beet pulp, the composite showed improved water resistance. This can be attributed to the hydrophobic character of PLA and pulp-matrix interactions. The composite thermoplastics showed suitable properties for potential use as lightweight construction materials. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, CCSE, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, FOAC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, CCSE, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lsliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 23 BP 9017 EP 9022 DI 10.1021/jf058083w PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984LP UT WOS:000233306700022 PM 16277397 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Lawton, J Bean, S Dunlap, C Sessa, DJ Willett, JL Byars, J AF Selling, GW Lawton, J Bean, S Dunlap, C Sessa, DJ Willett, JL Byars, J TI Rheological studies utilizing various lots of zein in N,N-dimethylformamide solutions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zein; rheology; lot variation ID DRY-MILLED CORN; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; AQUEOUS-ETHANOL; PROTEIN; WATER; DISPERSIONS; SOLUBILITY; EXTRACTION; SEQUENCE AB Rheological studies were carried out on solutions of zein in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), where the specific lot of zein, concentration, time, and temperature were varied. DMF is a good solvent for zein, giving clear, relatively low viscosity solutions. It was found that all of the zein solutions behaved in a non-Newtonian fashion. At high concentration and elevated temperature, zein solutions will increase in viscosity with time. A temperature study on the rate of viscosity rise illustrated that at temperatures above 40 degrees C, the rate of viscosity rise increased in a non-Arrhenius fashion. There can be significant lot to lot variations in commercially obtained zein that gives rise to differences in viscosity and rate of viscosity rises. With the samples studied, viscosity was found to double from one lot of zein to another. Size exclusion chromatography suggests that compositional differences between the lots drive the observed differences in viscosity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sellingg@ncaur.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 23 BP 9050 EP 9055 DI 10.1021/jf050893k PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984LP UT WOS:000233306700026 PM 16277401 ER PT J AU Lee, J Harnly, JM AF Lee, J Harnly, JM TI Free amino acid and cysteine sulfoxide composition of 11 garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass selective detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allium; garlic; alliin; free amino acid ID DERIVATIZATION; COMPONENTS AB Two garlic subspecies (n = 11), Allium sativum L. var. opioscorodon (hardneck) and Allium sativum L. var. sativum (softneck), were evaluated for their free amino acid composition. The free amino acid content of garlic samples analyzed ranged from 1121.7 to 3106.1 mg/100 g of fresh weight (mean = 2130.7 +/- 681.5 mg/100 g). Hardneck garlic had greater methiin, alliin, and total free amino acids contents compared to softneck garlic. The major free amino acid present in all but one subspecies was glutamine (cv. Mother of Pearl had aspartic acid as the major free amino acid). Cv. Music Pink garlic (a rocambole hardneck variety) contained the most methiin, alliin, and total free amino acids. The solid-phase extraction, alkylchloroformate derivatization, GC-FID, and GC-MS methods used in this study were simple and rapid, allowing 18 free amino acids in garlic to be separated within 10 min. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM harnly@bhnrc.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 23 BP 9100 EP 9104 DI 10.1021/jf051228e PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984LP UT WOS:000233306700033 PM 16277408 ER PT J AU Lee, J Finley, JW Harnly, JA AF Lee, J Finley, JW Harnly, JA TI Effect of selenium fertilizer on free amino acid composition of broccoli (Brassica oleracea cv. Majestic) determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass selective detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Brassica; broccoli; methlin; free amino acid; selenium; GC-FID; GC-MS ID ORGANOSELENIUM COMPOUNDS; SELENOAMINO ACIDS; CANCER; VEGETABLES; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIZATION; GLUCOSINOLATE; SPECIATION; YEAST AB Selenium-enriched broccoli florets, harvested from plants grown on soil fertilized with four levels of sodium selenate, were evaluated for their free amino acid composition using alkylchlorformate derivatization, solid-phase extraction, and GC-FID or GC-MS. The selenium-enriched florets contained 0.4 (control), 5.7 (treatment A), 98.6 (treatment B), and 879.2 (treatment C) mu g/g Se (dry weight). Twenty-one free amino acids were identified in the control and all three treatments. The total free amino acid content of the broccoli florets ranged from 178 mmol/kg (dry weight), for the control, to 479 mmol/kg (dry weight), for treatment C. Broccoli from treatment C contained the highest level of Se, had the most total free amino acids, and had an extremely high level of glutamine (Gln) when compared to the control and the other two treatments. In general, the smallest addition of Se to the soil (treatment A) induced increased levels of all detectable amino acids when compared to the control, whereas increased additions of Se (treatments B and C) produced mixed responses. Florets from treatment A contained the highest essential amino acid content. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Harnly, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM harnly@bhnrc.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 23 BP 9105 EP 9111 DI 10.1021/jf051221x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984LP UT WOS:000233306700034 PM 16277409 ER PT J AU Kozukue, N Han, JS Kozukue, E Lee, SJ Kim, JA Lee, KR Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Kozukue, N Han, JS Kozukue, E Lee, SJ Kim, JA Lee, KR Levin, CE Friedman, M TI Analysis of eight capsaicinoids in peppers and pepper-containing foods by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Capsaicinoids; analysis; HPLC; LC-MS; fresh peppers; freeze-dried peppers; pepper-containing foods ID PAPRIKA CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; DATURA-STRAMONIUM SEEDS; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHILE PEPPERS; DIHYDROCAPSAICIN; EXTRACTION; L.; DEHYDROTOMATINE; QUANTITATION AB Diverse procedures have been reported for the isolation and analysis of secondary metabolites called capsaicinoids, pungent compounds in the fruit of the Capsicum (Solanaceae) plant. To further improve the usefulness of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), studies were carried out on the analysis of extracts containing up to eight of the following capsaicinoids: capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin-I, homocapsaicin-II, homodihydrocapsaicin-I, homodihydrocapsaicin-II, nonivamide, and nordihydrocapsaicin. HPLC was optimized by defining effects on retention times of (a) the composition of the mobile phase (acetonitrile/0.5% formic acid in H2O), (b) the length of the Inertsil column, and (c) the capacity values (k) of the column packing. Identification was based on retention times and mass spectra of individual peaks. Quantification was based on the UV response at 280 nm in HPLC and recoveries from spiked samples. The method (limit of detection of similar to 15-30 ng) was successfully used to quantify capsaicinoid levels of parts of the pepper fruit (pericarp, placenta, seeds, and in the top, middle, and base parts of whole peppers) in 17 species of peppers and in 23 pepper-containing foods. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the method for the analysis of capsaicinoids ranging from similar to 0.5 to 3600 mu g of capsaicin equiv/g of product. The water content of 12 fresh peppers ranged from 80.8 to 92.7%. The described freeze-drying, extraction, and analysis methods should be useful for assessing the distribution of capsaicinoids in the foods and in defining the roles of these biologically active compounds in the plant, the diet, and medicine. C1 Uiduck Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyongbuk 780713, South Korea. Yeungnam Univ, Coll Human Ecol & Kinesiol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), Uiduck Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyongbuk 780713, South Korea. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 48 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 7 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 23 BP 9172 EP 9181 DI 10.1021/jf050469j PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984LP UT WOS:000233306700044 PM 16277419 ER PT J AU Dyer, RB Plattner, RD Kendra, DF Brown, DW AF Dyer, RB Plattner, RD Kendra, DF Brown, DW TI Fusarium graminearum TRI14 is required for high virulence and DON production on wheat but not for DON synthesis in vitro SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gene cluster; gene complementation; pathogenicity; secondary metabolite; transport ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; HEAD-BLIGHT; TRICHOTHECENE DIVERSITY; GENE; RESISTANCE; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; TRANSFORMATION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is a major concern worldwide. FHB grain is reduced in yield, may fail to germinate, and is often contaminated with deoxynivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin linked to a variety of animal diseases and feed refusals.. Annual losses in the tens of millions of dollars due to FHB underscore the need to develop improved methods of disease control and prevention. Previous research has identified deoxynivalenol biosynthesis as a virulence factor on wheat. Recently, we found that the TRI14 gene of F sporotrichioides, closely related to F graminearum, was not required for synthesis of a related trichothecene, T-2 toxin. TRI14 does not share similarity with any previously described genes in the databases. In this study, we examined the role that F. graminearum TRI14 may play in both deoxynivalenol synthesis and in virulence on wheat. TRI14 deletion mutants synthesize deoxynivalenol on cracked maize kernel medium and exhibit wild-type colony morphology and growth rate on complex and minimal agar media. However, FHB assays on greenhouse-grown wheat indicate that Fg Delta Tri14 mutants cause 50-80% less disease than wild type and do not produce a detectable quantity of deoxynivalenol on plants. We discuss a number of possible roles that TRI14 may play in the disease process. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM browndw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 34 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 23 BP 9281 EP 9287 DI 10.1021/jf051441a PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984LP UT WOS:000233306700059 PM 16277434 ER PT J AU Chen, KF Knorr, C Bornemann-Kolatzki, K Ren, J Huang, LS Rohrer, GA Brenig, B AF Chen, KF Knorr, C Bornemann-Kolatzki, K Ren, J Huang, LS Rohrer, GA Brenig, B TI Targeted oligonucleotide-mediated microsatellite identification (TOMMI) from large-insert library clones SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HYBRID PANEL ANALYSES; PORCINE CHROMOSOME; LINKAGE MAP; CONSTRUCTION; GENOME; GENE; ASSIGNMENT; MARKERS; PRIMERS AB Background: In the last few years, microsatellites have become the most popular molecular marker system and have intensively been applied in genome mapping, biodiversity and phylogeny studies of livestock. Compared to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as another popular marker system, microsatellites reveal obvious advantages. They are multi-allelic, possibly more polymorphic and cheaper to genotype. Calculations showed that a multi-allelic marker system always has more power to detect Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) than does a di-allelic marker system [1]. Traditional isolation methods using partial genomic libraries are time-consuming and cost-intensive. In order to directly generate microsatellites from large-insert libraries a sequencing approach with repeat-containing oligonucleotides is introduced. Results: Seventeen porcine microsatellite markers were isolated from eleven PAC clones by targeted oligonucleotide-mediated microsatellite identification (TOMMI), an improved efficient and rapid flanking sequence-based approach for the isolation of STS-markers. With the application of TOMMI, an average of 1.55 (CA/GT) microsatellites per PAC clone was identified. The number of alleles, allele size distribution, polymorphism information content (PIC), average heterozygosity (H-T), and effective allele number (N-E) for the STS-markers were calculated using a sampling of 336 unrelated animals representing fifteen pig breeds (nine European and six Chinese breeds). Sixteen of the microsatellite markers proved to be polymorphic (2 to 22 alleles) in this heterogeneous sampling. Most of the publicly available (porcine) microsatellite amplicons range from approximately 80 bp to 200 bp. Here, we attempted to utilize as much sequence information as possible to develop STS-markers with larger amplicons. Indeed, fourteen of the seventeen STS-marker amplicons have minimal allele sizes of at least 200 bp. Thus, most of the generated STS-markers can easily be integrated into multilocus assays covering a broader separation spectrum. Linkage mapping results of the markers indicate their potential immediate use in QTL studies to further dissect trait associated chromosomal regions. Conclusion: The sequencing strategy described in this study provides a targeted, inexpensive and fast method to develop microsatellites from large-insert libraries. It is well suited to generate polymorphic markers for selected chromosomal regions, contigs of overlapping clones and yields sufficient high quality sequence data to develop amplicons greater than 250 bases. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Vet Med, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Jiangxi Agr Univ, Lab Anim Biotechnol Jiangxi Province, Minist Agr, Nanchang 330045, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brenig, B (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Vet Med, Burckhardtweg 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM kfchen@uiuc.edu; cknorr@gwdg.de; kbornem@gwdg.de; renjunjxau@hotmail.com; Lushenghuang@hotmail.com; rohrer@email.marc.usda.gov; bbrenig@gwdg.de NR 29 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 54 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-6-54 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 993QD UT WOS:000233969100001 PM 16287508 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF AF Ridpath, JF TI Practical significance of heterogeneity among BVDV strains: Impact of biotype and genotype on US control programs SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Symposium on Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Control CY OCT 20-22, 2004 CL Oporto, PORTUGAL DE bovine viral diarrhea virus; biotype; genotype; BVDV1; BVDV2; vaccination; control ID BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; UBIQUITIN-CODING SEQUENCES; BORDER DISEASE VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; 5'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MUCOSAL DISEASE; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; LETHAL DISEASE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB In the early 1990s research groups in North America noted that a newly recognized severe acute form of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection, referred to as hemorrhagic syndrome or severe acute BVDV (SA BVDV), was associated with a genetically distinct subgroup of BVDV strains. This new subgroup was named BVDV genotype 2 or BVDV2. All BVDV strains previously characterized in C parate genotype, BVDV 1. However, not all strains identified as BVDV2 the literature belonued to a se were associated with severe acute infections. If I did this deletion, I did not mean to do it. I think it was already here, though. I see there are some other big edits that I did not do; fine. Hollis subsequent surveys of BVDV strains isolated frorn clinical submissions to diagnostic laboratories and contaminated fetal calf serum suggested that the ratio of BVDV2 to BVDV1 strains in the U.S. approached 50%. Further, while antigenic cross reactivity is seen between BVDV1 and BVDV2 strains, a log or more difference is typically observed in titers against viruses from different genotypes. These observations prompted vaccine manufacturers in North America to produce vaccines against BVDV that contained antigens from both BVDV1 and BVDV2 strains. Under experimental conditions, these new vaccines offered improved protection against type 2 strains, however field data are still insufficient to assess their efficacy in practice. The BVDV genotypes may also be segregated into subpnotypes. Two subgenotypes of both BVDV1 (BVDV1a and BVDV1b) and BVDV2 (BVDV2a and BVDV2b) have been reported in North American. BVDV2a predominates with BVDV2b isolation a rare event. In contrast, BVDV1a and BVDV1b are both commonly isolated. Antigenic differences observed between strains from the BVDV1a and BVDV1b subgenotypes have led to the suggestion that protection may be improved by inclusion of strains from both BVDV1a and BVDV1b in vaccines in addition to BVDV2. The cost to benefit ratio of this proposal is currently a matter of debate. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jridpath@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Houe, Hans/C-4871-2009 NR 95 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.08.003 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 993HJ UT WOS:000233944900003 PM 16183156 ER PT J AU French, AN Jacob, F Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Timmermans, W Gieske, A Su, Z Su, H McCabe, MF Li, F Prueger, J Brunsell, N AF French, AN Jacob, F Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Timmermans, W Gieske, A Su, Z Su, H McCabe, MF Li, F Prueger, J Brunsell, N TI Surface energy fluxes with the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) at the Iowa 2002 SMACEX site (USA) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE thermal infrared; ASTER; high spatial resolution; multispectral TIR; surface energy balance modeling; spatial variability ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; ALPILLES-RESEDA EXPERIMENT; HEAT-FLUX; SEMIARID RANGELAND; LARGE-SCALE; TEMPERATURE; BALANCE; MODELS; RESOLUTION; HETEROGENEITY AB Accurate estimation of surface energy fluxes from space at high spatial resolution has the potential to improve prediction of the impact of land-use changes on the local environment and to provide a means to assess local crop conditions. To achieve this goal, a combination of physically based surface flux models and high-quality remote-sensing data are needed. Data from the ASTER sensor are particularly well-suited to the task, as it collects high spatial resolution (15-90 m) images in visible, near-infrared, and thermal infrared bands. Data in these bands yield surface temperature, vegetation cover density, and land-use types, all critical inputs to surface energy balance models for assessing local environmental conditions. ASTER is currently the only satellite sensor collecting multispectral thermal infrared images, a capability allowing unprecedented surface temperature estimation accuracy for a variety of surface cover types. Availability of ASTER data to study surface energy fluxes allows direct comparisons against ground measurements and facilitates detection of modeling limitations, both possible because of ASTER's higher spatial resolution. Surface energy flux retrieval from ASTER is demonstrated using data collected over an experimental site in central Iowa, USA, in the framework of the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). This experiment took place during the summer of 2002 in a study of heterogeneous agricultural croplands. Two different flux estimation approaches, designed to account for the spatial variability, are considered: the Two-Source Energy Balance model (TSEB) and the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm or Land model (SEBAL). ASTER data are shown to have spatial and spectral resolution sufficient to derive surface variables required as inputs for physically based energy balance modeling. Comparison of flux model results against each other and against ground based measurements was promising, with flux values commonly agreeing within similar to 50 W m(-2). Both TSEB and SEBAL showed systematic agreement and responded to spatially varying surface temperatures and vegetation densities. Direct comparison against ground Eddy Covariance data suggests that the TSEB approach is helpful over sparsely vegetated terrain. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. PURPAN Grad Sch Agr, Remote Sensing & Land Management Lab, F-31076 Toulouse, France. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Natl Soil Tilth Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP French, AN (reprint author), ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM afrench@uswcl.ars.ag.gov RI Timmermans, Wim/D-3850-2009; McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011; Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009; Su, Hongbo/C-9490-2009; Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011; Brunsell, Nathaniel/G-2904-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272; Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 55 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.015 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 984EV UT WOS:000233286200006 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Xu, JY AF Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Xu, JY TI Preparation, characterization and mechanical properties of epoxidized soybean oil/clay nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE epoxidized soybean oil; clay; triethylenetetramine ID SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION; EPOXY-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; OIL-BASED COMPOSITES; NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; GREEN NANOCOMPOSITES; CURING AGENTS; POLYMER; EXFOLIATION; INTERCALATION; NANOLAYERS AB New epoxidized soybean oil (ESO)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared with triethylenetetramine (TETA) as a curing agent. The dispersion of the clay layers is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM data reveal the intercalated structure of ESO/clay nanocomposites has been developed. The thermogravimetric analysis exhibits that the ESO/clay nanocomposites are thermally stable at temperatures lower than 180 degrees C, with the maximum weight loss rate after 325 degrees C. The glass transition temperature, T,, about 7.5 degrees C measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and T-g about 20 degrees C measured by dynamic mechanical study have been obtained. The difference in the T, between DSC and dynamic measurements may be caused by different heating rate. The nanocomposites with 5-10 wt% clay content possess storage modulus ranging from 2.0 x 10(6) to 2.70 x 10(6) Pa at 30 degrees C. The Young's modulus (E) of these materials varies from 1.20 to 3.64 MPa with clay content ranging from 0 to 10 wt%. The ratio of epoxy (ESO) to hydrogen (amino group of TETA) greatly affects dynamic and tensile mechanical properties. At higher amount of TETA, the nanocomposites exhibit stronger tensile and dynamic properties. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM liuz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 32 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 23 BP 10119 EP 10127 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.065 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 978SQ UT WOS:000232893700066 ER PT J AU Zhao, BQ Wall, RJ Yang, JZ AF Zhao, BQ Wall, RJ Yang, JZ TI Transgenic expression of myostatin propeptide prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE transgenic mice; high-fat diet; adipose tissue; overweight and muscle growth ID AKT/PROTEIN-KINASE-B; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-KINASE; ENERGY-BALANCE; US CHILDREN; MICE; FAT; ADIPONECTIN; METABOLISM AB Obesity and insulin resistance cause serious consequences to human health. To study effects of skeletal muscle growth on obesity prevention, we focused on a key gene of skeletal muscle named myostatin, which plays an inhibitory role in muscle growth and development. We generated transgenic mice through muscle-specific expression of the cDNA sequence (5'-region 886 nucleotides) encoding for the propeptide of myostatin. The transgene effectively depressed myostatin function. Transgenic mice showed dramatic growth and muscle mass by 9 weeks of age. Here we reported that individual major muscles of transgenic mice were 45-115% heavier than those of wild-type mice, maintained normal blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and fat mass after a 2-month regimen with a high-fat diet (45% kcal fat). In contrast, high-fat diet induced wild-type mice with 170-214% more fat mass than transgenic mice and developed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Insulin signaling, measured by Akt phosphorylation, was significantly elevated by 144% in transgenic mice over wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet. Interestingly, high-fat diet significantly increased adiponectin secretion while blood insulin, resistin, and leptin levels remained normal in the transgenic mice. The results suggest that disruption of myostatin function by its propeptide favours dietary fat utilization for muscle growth and maintenance. An increased secretion of adiponectin may promote energy partition toward skeletal muscles, suggesting that a beneficial interaction between muscle and adipose tissue play a role in preventing obesity and insulin resistance. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jinzeng@hawaii.edu NR 46 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.044 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 974IE UT WOS:000232584000037 PM 16182246 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Taylor, SL Palmquist, DE AF Eller, FJ Taylor, SL Palmquist, DE TI Supercritical fluid chromatographic analysis for on-line monitoring of hexane removal from soybean oil miscella using liquid carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid chromatography; carbon dioxide; n-hexane; isohexane; soybean oil ID EXTRACTION AB Liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO2) can be used to separate hexane from hexane/soybean oil (SBO) mixtures (i.e. miscella). An on-line supercritical fluid chromatographic (SFC) method was developed to monitor this separation. L-CO2 (25 degrees C and 9.31 MPa) was passed through 50 mL of a 25% (w/w) hexane miscella and then directed on-line through a SFC injector. After passing 300-L expanded CO,, the hexane concentrations in the L-CO2 were 0.05% and 0.04% for n-hexane and isohexane, respectively and the residual hexane concentrations in the SBO were 3.8 and 3.3 ppm, respectively. This technique provided real time on-line monitoring of the hexane separation process. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ELLERFJ@NCAUR.USDA.GOV NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 1094 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.032 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 982IF UT WOS:000233150600026 PM 16188267 ER PT J AU Blackburn, MB Domek, JM Gelman, DB Hu, JS AF Blackburn, MB Domek, JM Gelman, DB Hu, JS TI The broadly insecticidal Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex a (Tca): Activity against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; GENOME SEQUENCE; MIDGUT; LARVAE; ARGENTIFOLII; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; GENES; AGENT AB Toxin complex a (Tca), a high molecular weight insecticidal protein complex produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, has been found to be orally toxic to both the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B. The 48 hour LC50 for Tca against neonate L. decemlineata was found to be 2.7 ppm, and the growth of 2nd instar L. decemlineata exposed to Tca for 72 hours was almost entirely inhibited at concentrations above 0.5 ppm. B. tabaci was highly susceptible to Tca as well; newly emerged nymphs that were artificially fed Tca developed poorly, or not at all. Tca concentrations between 0.1 and 0.2 ppm reduced the number of nymphs reaching the second instar by 50%. In addition, a preparation of Tca missing two prominent subunits, TcaAii and TcaAiii, was found to be at least as toxic to L. decemlineata and B. tabaci as Tca itself, indicating that the activity of Tca is not dependant on the presence of these subunits at the time of ingestion. C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Plant Sci Inst,Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blackburn, MB (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Plant Sci Inst,Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 32 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032UY UT WOS:000236802300003 PM 17119614 ER PT J AU Miller, N Estoup, A Toepfer, S Bourguet, D Lapchin, L Derridj, S Kim, KS Reynaud, P Furlan, L Guillemaud, T AF Miller, N Estoup, A Toepfer, S Bourguet, D Lapchin, L Derridj, S Kim, KS Reynaud, P Furlan, L Guillemaud, T TI Multiple transatlantic introductions of the western corn rootworm SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invasion; introduced species; Approximate Bayesian Computation; colonization; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; microsatellites; pest species; biological invasion; bioinvasion; multiple introductions; bayesian analysis; ABC; diabrotica virgifera virgifera ID INVASIONS C1 Univ Nice, INRA, UMR 1112, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. Plant Hlth Serv, CABI Biosci, Switzerland Ctr Field Labs, H-6800 Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary. INRA, UMR 1272, F-78026 Versailles, France. Iowa State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Natl Protect Vegetaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France. Agripolis, Dipartimento Agron Ambientale & Prod Vegetali, I-35020 Padua, Italy. RP Guillemaud, T (reprint author), Univ Nice, INRA, UMR 1112, 400 Route Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. EM guillem@antibes.inra.fr RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012; guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286; guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644 NR 5 TC 192 Z9 209 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5750 BP 992 EP 992 DI 10.1126/science.1115871 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984YN UT WOS:000233343400035 PM 16284172 ER PT J AU Dolling, K Chu, PS Fujioka, F AF Dolling, K Chu, PS Fujioka, F TI A climatological study of the Keetch/Byram drought index and fire activity in the Hawaiian Islands SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/2nd International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congrss CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc DE fire activity; Keetch/Byram drought index; total area burned ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC AB The Hawaiian Islands experience damaging wildfires on a yearly basis. Soil moisture or lack thereof, influences the amount and flammability of vegetation. The Keetch and Byrum drought index (KBDI) estimates the amount of soil moisture by tracking daily maximum temperatures and rainfall. For the first time, the relationship between the KBDI and fire activity on the Hawaiian Islands is examined using a number of different techniques. The KBDI is calculated daily for a 20-year period and then tested on a monthly time-scale on four major Hawaiian Islands against total area burned (TAB). The use of monthly TAB data for an individual island is a necessity when considering the relatively low frequency of fire activity and the small spatial scale of the islands. The relationship between the KBDI with TAB is explored with a number of rigorous statistical methods. A strong relationship between the KBDI and fire activity for the islands of Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii is found. At present a network of stations is used to operationally monitor fire danger on a daily basis. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Dolling, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dolling@hawaii.edu; chu@hawaii.edu; ffujioka@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.07.016 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 998IS UT WOS:000234312600004 ER PT J AU Weise, DR Fujioka, FM Nelson, RM AF Weise, DR Fujioka, FM Nelson, RM TI A comparison of three models of 1-h time lag fuel moisture in Hawaii SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/2nd International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congrss CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc DE moisture; wildland; model; fire; danger ID RESPONSE-TIME AB The U.S. National Fire Danger Rating System currently uses a moisture diffusion model developed by Fosberg to predict fine fuel moisture in woody fuels. Nelson recently developed a fuel moisture model that includes functions for both heat and moisture transfer. Fuel moisture samples were collected in Hawaii hourly for up to 96 h for three litter, one herbaceous, and eight grass fuels at sites ranging from near sea level to 2200 m. Weather data were collected every 5 min. Observed fuel moistures were compared to predictions from three models-a simplified form of Fosberg's equation (Simple), the Nelson physical model, and a Markov model fit to the observed data. Mean difference, average deviation, and percentage of predictions closer to the observed data than the Simple model were used to evaluate model performance. Performance of the Markov model was best and of the Simple model was poorest. All models underestimated fuel moisture with the Simple model having the greatest errors and the Markov model having the smallest. The Markov model and the Nelson model predictions were closer to the observed fuel moistures than the Simple model for more than 75% of the observations. Further testing and application of the Nelson physical model is recommended. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Weise, DR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dweise@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.03.012 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 998IS UT WOS:000234312600005 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ AF Liu, YQ TI Atmospheric response and feedback to radiative forcing from biomass burning in tropical South America SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/2nd International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc DE biomass burning; radiative forcing; regional climate change; climate modeling ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; SCAR-B EXPERIMENT; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; EASTERN ASIA; SMOKE; SIMULATION; AMAZONIA; CLOUDS AB Simulations are performed to understand the importance of smoke from biomass burning in tropical South America to regional radiation and climate. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) regional climate model coupled with the NCAR column radiative model is used to estimate smoke direct radiative forcing and consequent atmospheric perturbations during a smoke season in this region. The smoke optical properties are specified based on the measurements during the smoke, clouds, and radiation-Brazil experiment. The simulations obtain a direct radiative forcing of -16.5 W m(-2) over the smoke region. This magnitude, however, is substantially reduced due to atmospheric feedback. Clouds and precipitation are reduced due to smoke. The cloud reduction mainly results from smaller water vapor transport from the ground and the planetary boundary layer to the cloud layer because of the combined effects of reduced turbulent activity and the subsidence tendency. The simulated cloud reduction agrees with a recent finding from satellite measurements. Smoke also leads to the enhancement of a dominant planetary-scale high system. A two-layer structure of warmer air with ascending tendency on top of cooler air with descending tendency is formed due to smoke with strong absorption. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 40 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.03.011 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 998IS UT WOS:000234312600006 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Smith, AMS Morgan, P Rollins, MG Gessler, PE AF Holden, ZA Smith, AMS Morgan, P Rollins, MG Gessler, PE TI Evaluation of novel thermally enhanced spectral indices for mapping fire perimeters and comparisons with fire atlas data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SCALE; TIME AB We evaluated the potential of two novel thermally enhanced Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)-derived spectral indices for discriminating burned areas and for producing fire perimeter data (as a potential surrogate to digital fire atlas data) within two wildland fires (1985 and 1993) in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico, USA. Image-derived perimeters (manually produced and classified from an index image) were compared to fire perimeters recorded within a digitized fire atlas. For each fire, the highest spectral separability was achieved using the newly proposed Normalized Burn Ratio-Thermal (NBRT1) index (M = 1.18, 1.76, for the two fires respectively). Correspondence between fire atlas and manually digitized fire perimeters was high. Landsat imagery may be a useful supplement to existing historical fire perimeters mapping methods, but the timing of the post-fire image will strongly influence the separability of burned and unburned areas. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Smith, AMS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM alistair@uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 21 BP 4801 EP 4808 DI 10.1080/01431160500239008 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 993MD UT WOS:000233957300011 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, DJ Adkins, S AF Lewandowski, DJ Adkins, S TI The tubule-forming NSm protein from Tomato spotted wilt virus complements cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of Tobacco mosaic virus hybrids SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobamovirus; TMV; tospovirus; TSWV; NSm; cell-to-cell; tubule; movement protein ID TRANSPORT FUNCTION; DEFECTIVE RNAS; PLANT-VIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; TOBAMOVIRUS; HOST; GENE; REPLICATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACCUMULATION AB A Florida isolate of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was able to complement cell-to-cell movement of a movement-defective Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vector expressing the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP). To test for complementation of movement in the absence of other TSWV proteins, the open reading frame for the NSm protein was expressed from TMV constructs encoding only the TMV replicase proteins. NSm was expressed from either the coat protein or movement protein subgenomic promoter, creating virus hybrids that moved cell to cell in inoculated leaves of tobacco, providing the first functional demonstration that NSm is the TSWV movement protein. Furthermore, these CP-deficient hybrids moved into upper leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, demonstrating that NSm can support long-distance movement of viral RNAs. Tubules, characteristic of the NSm protein, were also formed in tobacco protoplasts infected with the TMV-TSWV hybrids. The C-terminus of the NSm protein was shown to be required for movement. TMV-TSWV hybrids expressing NSm and GFP moved within inoculated leaves. Our combination of single-cell and intact plant experiments to examine multiple functions of a heterologous viral protein provides a generalized strategy with wider application to other viruses also lacking a reverse genetic system. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lewandowski, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM djlew@crec.ifas.ufl.edu NR 50 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 342 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.06.050 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 984GH UT WOS:000233290100003 PM 16112159 ER PT J AU Bjerklie, DM Dingman, SL Bolster, CH AF Bjerklie, DM Dingman, SL Bolster, CH TI Comparison of constitutive flow resistance equations based on the Manning and Chezy equations applied to natural rivers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE; CHANNELS; STREAMS AB [1] A set of conceptually derived in-bank river discharge - estimating equations ( models), based on the Manning and Chezy equations, are calibrated and validated using a database of 1037 discharge measurements in 103 rivers in the United States and New Zealand. The models are compared to a multiple regression model derived from the same data. The comparison demonstrates that in natural rivers, using an exponent on the slope variable of 0.33 rather than the traditional value of 0.5 reduces the variance associated with estimating flow resistance. Mean model uncertainty, assuming a constant value for the conductance coefficient, is less than 5% for a large number of estimates, and 67% of the estimates would be accurate within 50%. The models have potential application where site-specific flow resistance information is not available and can be the basis for ( 1) a general approach to estimating discharge from remotely sensed hydraulic data, ( 2) comparison to slope-area discharge estimates, and ( 3) large-scale river modeling. C1 US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Bjerklie, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM dmbjerkl@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 AR W11502 DI 10.1029/2004WR003776 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 985EB UT WOS:000233358000001 ER PT J AU Huang, TL Zandi, PP Tucker, KL Fitzpatrick, AL Kuller, LH Fried, LP Burke, GL Carlson, MC AF Huang, TL Zandi, PP Tucker, KL Fitzpatrick, AL Kuller, LH Fried, LP Burke, GL Carlson, MC TI Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without APOE epsilon 4 SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINI-MENTAL STATE; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; VITAMIN-E; ACIDS; CONSUMPTION; RATS; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS AB Objective: To compare associations of lean fish vs fatty fish (tuna or other fish) intake with dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) and in relation to APOE epsilon 4 status in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study (CHCS). Methods: Fish intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaires. Incident dementia, AD, and VaD were determined through a series of cognitive tests, physician's assessment, and committee consensus. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios of dementia, AD, and VaD with lean fried fish, fatty fish, or total fish intake, which were then stratified by the presence of APOE epsilon 4. Results: Although consumption of lean fried fish had no protective effect, consumption of fatty fish more than twice per week was associated with a reduction in risk of dementia by 28% (95% CI: 0.51 to 1.02), and AD by 41% (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.95) in comparison to those who ate fish less than once per month. Stratification by APOE epsilon 4 showed this effect to be selective to those without the epsilon 4 allele. Adjustment by education and income attenuated the effect. Conclusion: In the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study, consumption of fatty fish was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease for those without the APOE epsilon 4 allele. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Huang, TL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, 9th Floor,Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM tina.huang@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HC-15103, N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-85080, N01-HC-85081, N01-HC-85082, N01-HC-85083, N01-HC-85084, N01-HC-85085, N01-HC-85086]; NIA NIH HHS [AG15928]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK75610]; NIMH NIH HHS [T32-MH14592] NR 37 TC 185 Z9 187 U1 4 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1409 EP 1414 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000183148.34197.2e PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 981US UT WOS:000233114100015 PM 16275829 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Rice, CP Baldwin, RL Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Hare, WR Kauf, ACW McCarty, GW Hapeman, CJ Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL McConnell, LL Van Tassell, CP AF Capuco, AV Rice, CP Baldwin, RL Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Hare, WR Kauf, ACW McCarty, GW Hapeman, CJ Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL McConnell, LL Van Tassell, CP TI Fate of dietary perchlorate in lactating dairy cows: Relevance to animal health and levels in the milk supply SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE environment; health risk; human; thyroid hormones ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; IODIDE TRANSPORTER; THYROID-HORMONES; MAMMARY-GLAND; WATER; INHIBITION; VEGETATION; RATS AB Perchlorate is a goitrogenic anion that competitively inhibits the sodium iodide transporter and has been detected in forages and in commercial milk throughout the U.S. The fate of perchlorateand its effect on animal health were studied in lactating cows, ruminally infused with perchlorate for 5 weeks. Milk perchlorate levels were highly correlated with perchlorate intake, but milk iodine was unaffected, and there were no demonstrable health effects. We provide evidence that up to 80% of dietary perchlorate was metabolized, most likely in the rumen, which would provide cattle with a degree of refractoriness to perchlorate. Data presented are important for assessing the environmental impact on perchlorate concentrations in milk and potential for relevance to human health. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Bldg 200,Room 14,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM acapuco@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 35 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 45 BP 16152 EP 16157 DI 10.1073/pnas.0508337102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984DW UT WOS:000233283700007 PM 16260728 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Cregg, BM AF Zhang, JW Cregg, BM TI Growth and physiological responses to varied environments among populations of Pinus ponderosa SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon isotope discrimination; environmental gradient; leaf water potential; water-use efficiency ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; NEEDLE MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ALLOCATION; SEEDLINGS; DIOXIDE AB We investigated population responses in physiology, morphology, and growth of mature Pinus ponderosa trees to an environmental gradient across Nebraska, USA. Ten populations from western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming were grown in three 26-year-old provenance tests from the warmest and wettest site in the east (Plattsmouth) to the intermediate site in the middle (Halsey) to the coldest and driest site in the west (Alliance). We measured leaf morphology and water potential in 1995 and 1996, carbon isotope discrimination from foliage in 1993 to 1996 and from tree-ring cellulose for 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1996, and height and diameter at breast height (dbh) in 1994. We found that populations responded significantly to the environmental gradient in all traits. Trees grew significantly larger at the eastern site than at the other locations. The trend in height and dbh growth was Plattsmouth > Halsey > Alliance. Variation among the locations in needle length and carbon isotope discrimination in both foliage and cellulose followed the same pattern as growth. However, variation in xylem water potential differed from the trend in tree growth. Trees in Halsey had higher leaf water potential than trees at other sites. Populations differed significantly in morphological characteristics (i.e. specific leaf area and leaf length, F > 3.3, P < 0.01) and growth (i.e. height and dbh, F > 3.8, P < 0.001), whereas differences in physiological traits (i.e. leaf water potential, carbon isotope composition, and foliar nitrogen, F < 1.9, P > 0.05) were lacking among populations. We conclude that physiological plasticity is the primary mechanism that allows P ponderosa to grow in various environments. Population differentiations in growth and morphology are the results of a long-term response of these populations to natural selection in their original habitat. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM jianweizhang@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.038 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 984SY UT WOS:000233325800001 ER PT J AU Boyden, S Binkley, D Shepperd, W AF Boyden, S Binkley, D Shepperd, W TI Spatial and temporal patterns in structure, regeneration, and mortality of an old-growth ponderosa pine forest in the Colorado Front Range SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; mortality; ponderosa pine; regeneration; spatial pattern; stand structure ID NATIONAL-PARK; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; STAND DYNAMICS; UNITED-STATES; FIR FOREST; DISTURBANCE; ESTABLISHMENT; CONVERGENCE; LANDSCAPES; ARIZONA AB Effective management and restoration of ponderosa pine forests requires an understanding of the heterogeneity of contemporary and historical stand structures. We assessed spatial and temporal patterns of tree establishment, mortality and size structure over a 30-year period in an old-growth ponderosa pine stand in the mid-montane zone of the Colorado Front Range. We analyzed spatial patterns and spatial associations using Ripley's K(t) and K-12(t) and then modeled the patterns using point process models. Forest age structure was estimated by aging a sub-sample of trees in the stand. Climate appeared to play a significant role in the coarse-scale temporal pattern of regeneration events. Stand structure (distribution of patches, light availability, and seed trees) influenced the spatial and temporal pattern of more recent regeneration events. Patchy regeneration resulted in spatial independence and some segregation of size classes. Older trees in the stand (40-55 cm dbh) exhibited some regularity in their spatial distribution at short distances indicating that patterns of mortality had been historically patchy. Contemporary patterns of mortality were mostly patchy, and mountain pine beetles caused a significant amount of mortality in the 1970s and 1980s. Both establishment and mortality retained spatial patterns that were somewhat consistent with presettlement forests, despite changes in driving processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Boyden, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bird@cnr.colostate.edu RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012 NR 67 TC 47 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.041 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 984SY UT WOS:000233325800004 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE AF Perry, RW Thill, RE TI Small-mammal responses to pine regeneration treatments in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE clearcut; forest management; group selection; regeneration; shelterwood; silviculture; single-tree selection; small mammals; timber harvest ID MICE PEROMYSCUS-GOSSYPINUS; MICROHABITAT AFFINITIES; MAST PRODUCTION; WOODY DEBRIS; FOREST; LEUCOPUS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; PLANTATIONS; MANICULATUS AB We compared the initial effects of four forest regeneration treatments (single-tree selection, group selection, shelterwood, and clearcut), and unharvested controls (mature, second-growth forest) on relative abundance of small mammals and small-mammal habitat throughout the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma. We compared small-mammal capture rates in 20 forest stands (4 replicates of 5 treatments) for 2 years prior to harvest treatments, and 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 years after treatment. We also examined relationships among small mammals, treatments, and habitat conditions. Before harvest, all stands where characterized by high basal areas (BA), little understory vegetation, and low small-mammal capture rates. Compared with pre-harvest numbers, the number of individuals captured increased nearly five-fold in treated stands 1.5 years after harvest. After harvest, capture rates for all taxa combined were significantly greater in harvested stands (regardless of treatment) than in unharvested controls. Fulvous harvest mice (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) capture rates were greatest in clearcuts. Fulvous harvest mice, cotton rats (Sigmondon hispidus), and pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) were associated with abundant herbaceous vegetation in the understory and low BA. Eastern woodrats (Neotoma floridana), golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli), and Peromyscus spp. were associated with moderate to dense woody vegetation in the understory and intermediate BA levels. No taxon of terrestrial small mammal was captured exclusively in unharvested stands; most taxa we captured appear to be either disturbance-adapted or tolerant to disturbances from timber harvest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.001 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 984SY UT WOS:000233325800007 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Unexpected oocyst shedding by cats fed Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites: In vivo stage conversion and strain variation SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; tachyzoites; bradyzoites; oocysts; cats; in vivo stage conversion ID INDUCED MURINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; TISSUE CYST FORMATION; CELL-CULTURE; LIFE-CYCLE; BRADYZOITES; MICE; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTIVITY; PATHOGENICITY; SPOROZOITES AB Tachyzoites, bradyzoites (in tissue cysts), and sporozoites (in oocysts) are the three infectious stages of Toxoplasma gondii. The prepatent period (time to shedding of oocysts after primary infection) varies with the stage of T gondii ingested by the cat. The prepatent period (pp) after ingesting bradyzoites is short (3-10 days) while it is long (18 days or longer) after ingesting oocysts or tachyzoites, irrespective of the dose. The conversion of bradyzoites to tachyzoites and tachyzoites to bradyzoites is biologically important in the life cycle of T gondii. In the present paper, the pp was used to study in vivo conversion of tachyzoites to bradyzoites using two isolates, VEG and TgCkAr23. T gondii organisms were obtained from the peritoneal exudates (pex) of mice inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with these isolates and administered to cats orally by pouring in the mouth or by a stomach tube. In total, 94 of 151 cats shed oocysts after ingesting pex. The pp after ingesting pex was short (5-10 days) in 50 cats, intermediate (11-17) in 30 cats, and long (18 or higher) in 14 cats. The strain of T gondii (VEG, TgCKAr23) or the stage (bradyzoite, tachyzoite, and sporozoite) used to initiate infection in mice did not affect the results. In addition, six of eight cats fed mice infected 1-4 days earlier shed oocysts with a short pp; the mice had been inoculated i.p. with bradyzoites of the VEG strain and their whole carcasses were fed to cats 1, 2, 3, or 4 days post-infection. Results indicate that bradyzoites may be formed in the peritoneal cavities of mice inoculated intraperitoneally with T gondii and some bradyzoites might give rise directly to bradyzoites without converting to tachyzoites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 5 PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.06.007 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 975MF UT WOS:000232665900003 PM 16024176 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Edelhofer, R Marcet, P Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Edelhofer, R Marcet, P Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Lehmann, T TI Genetic and biologic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii infections in free-range chickens from Austria SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Austria; genotype ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; CATS; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; MICE; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; SHEEP AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T gondii in free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from 11 Bio-farms in Austria was determined. Antibodies to T gondii assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) were found in 302 of 830 (36.3%) chickens with titers of 1: 10 in 50, 1:20 in 69, 1:40 in 53, 1:80 in 40, 1:160 or higher in 90. Hearts of 218 chickens with MAT titers of 10 or higher were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues from 1183 chickens were pooled and fed to 15, T gondii-free cats. Feces of the cats were examined for oocysts; 11 cats shed T gondii oocysts. T gondii was isolated from 56 chickens by bioassay in mice. Thus, there were 67 isolates of T gondii from these chickens. Genotyping of these 67 isolates using the SAG2 locus indicated that all 33 were Type II. Phenotypically and genetically these isolates were different from T gondii isolates from Brazil. None of the isolates was virulent for mice. This is the first report of isolation of T gondii from chickens from Austria. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Vet Med Univ Wien, Inst Parasitol & Zool, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 NR 36 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 5 PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.06.006 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 975MF UT WOS:000232665900004 PM 16039065 ER PT J AU Williams, L Coscaro, MC Dellape, PM Roane, TM AF Williams, L Coscaro, MC Dellape, PM Roane, TM TI The shield-backed bug, Pachycoris stallii: Description of immature stages, effect of maternal care on nymphs, and notes on life history. SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pentatomoidea; insect eggs; subsocial behavior; maternal guarding; embryonic orientation; aggregation; Croton californicus; Euphorbiaceae; Telenomus pachycoris; Hymenoptera; Scelionidae; Dorymyrmex bicolor; Formicidae; Baja California Sur Mexico ID GREEN STINK BUG; CROTON-CALIFORNICUS; HEMIPTERA-SCUTELLERIDAE; TRUE BUGS; HETEROPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; CHEMISTRY; BIOLOGY; KLUGII AB The life history of the shield-backed bug, Pachycoris stallii Uhler (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), immatures was studied on its host plant, Croton californicus Muell.-Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Immature stages are described and illustrated. Pachycoris stallii is bi- or multivoltine and occurs in xeric areas with sandy soil where it is rarely encountered away from C. californicus. Nymphs and adults feed on seeds within C. californicus fruit. Bugs oviposit on the underside of leaves, and females guard their eggs and first-instar nymphs from natural enemies. Embryonic orientation of prolarvae is nonrandom; each embryo is oriented with its venter directed toward the ground. This orientation may facilitate aggregation of first instars. The longitudinal axes of eggs are always oriented upward at about a 16 degrees angle of deviation from a line perpendicular to the leaf surface. This is the first recorded observation of this phenomenon in Pentatomoidea. Experimental removal of females guarding first instars results in 100% loss of nymphs, and this is attributed to disruption of the aggregative behavior of nymphs. Maternal guarding appears to be a net benefit to P. stallii, despite possible costs to the brooding female. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Museo Dept Cient Entomol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM livyw@unr.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 29 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032UW UT WOS:000236802000001 PM 17119611 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC AF Beaulieu, JC TI Within-season volatile and quality differences in stored fresh-cut cantaloupe cultivars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE (circle)Brix; cantaloupe; Cucumis melo; flavor; fresh-cut; gas chromatography; melon; musk-melon; quality; solid-phase microextraction; soluble solids; volatiles ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; CUCUMIS-MELO; TEXTURAL PROPERTIES; AROMA COMPOUNDS; STORAGE; FRUIT; MUSKMELON; RIPENESS; SLICES; IDENTIFICATION AB Cantaloupe cultivar variability from various U.S. regions and growing seasons within a given year was evaluated. As expected, there was often considerable quality and volatile variation among cultivars. Eight of 11 cultivars met the standard U.S. No. 1 requirement for degrees Brix (>= 9), and in most cultivars, degrees Brix declined during fresh-cut storage at 4 degrees C. Hunter L* (loss of lightness color value) and a* (decline of typical orange hue) colors also generally declined during storage in most cultivars. Volatile ester compounds generally decreased during fresh-cut storage or exhibited a transient increase before declining after 5-7 days of storage. The relative percentage of acetate esters declined during storage in all cultivars, and declines were accompanied by simultaneous non-acetate ester increases. Slight imbalances in compound concentrations may alter the overall perception of desirable, typical "cantaloupe" aroma/flavor during fresh-cut storage. Upsetting the unique aroma balance through storage may negatively affect flavor and the consumer's perception of desirable attributes, even though total volatile levels might not decrease substantially until after 5-7 days in storage. Subtle volatile and quality decreases are likely to be exacerbated with immature-harvested cantaloupe and are likely in out-of-season exports that have likewise been harvested at less mature stages. Altogether, this study indicates the difficulty in procuring cantaloupes of consistent quality from local producers, in a given year, for domestically grown fruit. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM beaulieu@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 46 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 22 BP 8679 EP 8687 DI 10.1021/jf050241w PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 978YR UT WOS:000232909500040 PM 16248571 ER PT J AU Medina, AL Lucero, ME Holguin, FO Estell, RE Posakony, JJ Simon, J O'Connell, MA AF Medina, AL Lucero, ME Holguin, FO Estell, RE Posakony, JJ Simon, J O'Connell, MA TI Composition and antimicrobial activity of Anemopsis californica leaf oil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anemopsis californica; Yerba mansa; steam distillation; SPME; SFE; antimicrobial; elemicin; methyl eugenol ID EXTRACTION AB Isolation and characterization of leaf volatiles in Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. and Am. (A. californica) was performed using steam distillation, solid-phase microextraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Thirty-eight compounds were detected and identified by gas chromatography; elemicin was the major component of the leaf volatiles. While the composition of the leaf volatiles varied with method of extraction, a-pinene, sabinene, beta-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, piperitone, methyl eugenol, (E)-caryophyllene, and elemicin were usually present in readily detectable amounts. Greenhouse-reared clones of a wild population of A. californica had an identical leaf volatile composition with the parent plants. Steam-distilled oil had antimicrobial properties against 3 (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Geotrichim candidum) of 11 microbial species tested. Some of this bioactivity could be accounted for by the alpha-pinene in the oil. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP O'Connell, MA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, MSC 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM moconnel@nmsu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U56 CA096286-04, U56 CA 96286, U56 CA096286, U56 CA096288]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 612222] NR 15 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 22 BP 8694 EP 8698 DI 10.1021/jf0511244 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 978YR UT WOS:000232909500042 PM 16248573 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD AF Wauchope, RD TI Pesticides and watershed-scale modeling: Solutions for water quality management SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATRAZINE C1 USDA, ARS, Tifton, GA 31704 USA. RP Wauchope, RD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2316 Rainwater Rd,POB 946, Tifton, GA 31704 USA. EM don@tifton.usda.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 22 BP 8834 EP 8834 DI 10.1021/jf051958m PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 978YR UT WOS:000232909500061 PM 16248592 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ AF Liu, YQ TI Land breeze and thermals: A scale threshold to distinguish their effects SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE land breeze; thermals; horizontal scale; large-eddy simulation; wavelet transform ID GENERATED MOIST CONVECTION; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; SPATIAL RAINFALL FIELDS; MESOSCALE HEAT FLUXES; LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MULTICOMPONENT DECOMPOSITION; COHERENT STRUCTURES; WAVELET TRANSFORMS; NUMERICAL-MODELS AB Land breeze is a type of mesoscale circulation developed due to thermal forcing over a heterogeneous landscape. It can contribute to atmospheric dynamic and hydrologic processes through affecting heat and water fluxes on the land-atmosphere interface and generating shallow convective precipitation. If the scale of the landscape heterogeneity is smaller than a certain size, however, the resulting land breeze becomes weak and becomes mixed up with other thermal convections like thermals. This study seeks to identify a scale threshold to distinguish the effects between land breeze and thermals. Two-dimensional simulations were performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to simulate thermals and land breeze. Their horizontal scale features were analyzed using the wavelet transform. The thermals developed over a homogeneous landscape under dry or wet conditions have an initial scale of 2-5 km during their early stage of development. The scale jumps to 10-15 km when condensation occurs. The solution of an analytical model indicates that the reduced degree of atmospheric instability due to the release of condensation potential heat could be one of the contributing factors for the increase in scale. The land breeze, on the other hand, has a major scale identical to the size of the landscape heterogeneity throughout various stages of development. The results suggest that the effects of land breeze can be clearly distinguished from those of thermals only if the size of the landscape heterogeneity is larger than the scale threshold of about 5 km for dry atmospheric processes or about 15 km for moist ones. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 889 EP 902 DI 10.1007/BF02918688 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 987CS UT WOS:000233496600012 ER PT J AU Arnade, C Pick, D Gehlhar, M AF Arnade, C Pick, D Gehlhar, M TI Testing and incorporating seasonal structures into demand models for fruit SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE seasonal cycles; demand model ID SYSTEM; TIME AB It is widely recognized that purchases of perishable agricultural products are affected by the seasonal cycles of production. When there are seasonal effects where seasonal buying is not explained by prices alone, the seasonal component can be captured using appropriate dummy variables in a demand model. However, over time the introduction of different varieties and foreign sources of supply in the market may affect the seasonal structure in unknown ways, and because of this, it becomes important to identify and test for characteristics of seasonal structure in demand models. In this article, we set out to measure and test the various characteristics of the seasonal component of fruit demand. We model seasonality in the context of an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model, where we consider several types of fruit demand in the United States. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Pick, D (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM DPICK@ers.usda.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 SU S BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0864.2005.00095.x PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 988SK UT WOS:000233620800015 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, WW Varvel, GE Schepers, JS AF Wilhelm, WW Varvel, GE Schepers, JS TI Corn stalk nitrate concentration prorile SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN AB The end-of-season stalk nitrate test provides a method of assessing the N available to the corn (Zea mays L.) crop during the latter part of the season. This study was conducted to determine how stalk nitrate test results and interpretations are affected by sample composition. Stalks were collected from three field sites and separated into phytomers (node plus internode above), which were subdivided into three or five segments after length was measured. Nitrate-N concentration of phytomers decreased linearly from the soil to the ear. Within a phytomer, segments also decreased acropetally (from base to apex). Node tissue NO3-N concentration did not differ from that of the internode segment immediately above the node. Weighted means were used to compute NO3-N concentration of stalk samples collected 5 cm higher (from 20 to 40 cm above the soil) or lower (from 10 to 30 cm above the soil) on the stalk than in the original method (from 15 to 35 cm above the soil). Although the three samples (10-30, 15-35, and 20-40 cm) differed in NO3-N concentration, the difference was only about 15% compared with the 25% difference in sampling position (+/- 5 cm of 20-cm sample length). The phytomer nearest the soil had 35 to 40% greater NO3-N concentrations than the section of stalk 15 to 35 cm above the soil. Critical values delineating yield-limiting, adequate, and excessive N availability should be modified if stalk sections other than the standard 15 to 35 cm section are used. However, the qualitative nature of the stalk nitrate test and the range of NO3-N concentrations observed with reasonable corn cultural practices (1000x) make this test quite robust and precise definition of sample composition and critical values less necessary. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wilhelm, WW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, 120 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM wwilhelm1@unl.edu NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1502 EP 1507 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0085 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 989BH UT WOS:000233647400005 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Archer, DW AF Gesch, RW Archer, DW TI Influence of sowing date on emergence characteristics of maize seed coated with a temperature-activated polymer SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CORN-BELT; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; PLANTING DATE; YIELD AB Cold, wet soils, coupled with a short growing season, create a narrow window of optimum time for planting corn (Zea mays L.) in the northern Corn Belt. Temperature-activated polymer (TAP) coatings designed to inhibit planted seed from imbibing water until adequate soil temperatures are reached to promote germination and emergence may offer potential for planting corn exceptionally early. A study from 2000 to 2002 was conducted in west central Minnesota on a Barnes soil (Calcic Hapludoll) to determine the potential for earlier-than-average planting of TAP-coated corn seed. The objective was to compare emergence characteristics of coated and uncoated hybrid corn planted early and at a near-average planting date. Seed planted 29 Mar. 2000 and 24 Apr. 2002 remained in the soil for as long as 26 to 32 d before emerging. In these instances, stands from TAP-coated seed, which ranged from 60 to 90% of seed planted, were generally greater than those of uncoated seed, which ranged from 49 to 68%. Stand establishment and time required to obtain 50% and from 10 to 90% emergence for most early planted coating X hybrid seed combinations were similar to uncoated seed planted at near-average planting dates of 1, 14, and 16 May in 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. When both coated and uncoated seed were sown at an average planting date, stand establishment was similar, but emergence for coated seed was generally delayed. Results of this study indicate that TAP coatings protected seeds from injury caused by extended exposure to cold soils, and therefore, might be a useful management tool for early corn planting. C1 USDA, ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM gesch@morris.ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1550 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0054 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 989BH UT WOS:000233647400010 ER PT J AU Bond, JA Walker, TW Bollich, PK Koger, CH Gerard, P AF Bond, JA Walker, TW Bollich, PK Koger, CH Gerard, P TI Seeding rates for stale seedbed rice production in the Midsouthern United States SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DENSITY; YIELD COMPONENTS; SEEDED RICE; LOUISIANA; RESPONSES AB The establishment of an adequate and uniform rice (Oryza sativa L.) stand is critical to achieve high grain yields. The literature is extensive for older cultivars planted in conventional tillage and/or water-seeded systems; however, there are no published data for current cultivars grown in stale seedbed systems. Six of the cultivars most commonly grown in the Midsouth rice production area of the USA were drill seeded at densities of 108, 215, 323, 430, and 538 seeds m(-2) into a stale seedbed at Crowley, LA, from 2002 to 2004, and in Clarksdale, MS, in 2003 and 2004. Established plant densities responded linearly to seeding rate for all cultivars except Cocodrie, which responded quadratically. Rough rice yields were not affected by seeding rate for Cheniere, but followed a quadratic relationship for the cultivars CL161, Cocodrie, and Priscilla. A location X seeding rate interaction was detected for yield of Wells. Seeding rate did not affect rough rice yields for Wells in Mississippi, while in Louisiana, yields responded quadratically. Francis rough rice yields increased linearly with increased seeding rates. Optimal rough rice grain yields can be achieved in Mississippi and Louisiana with a seeding rate of 323 seeds m(-2) for cultivars that are currently grown across the Midsouth rice-producing area in the USA. Furthermore, depending on the cultivar, when plant densities are uniform and range from 50 to 70 plants m(-2), the resulting rice grain yields may offset the cost of terminating the stand and replanting. C1 Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Rice Res Stn, Rayne, LA 70578 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Cent Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. USDA ARS, Jamey Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Informat Sci & Educ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bond, JA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Rice Res Stn, 1373 Caffey Rd, Rayne, LA 70578 USA. EM JBond@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1560 EP 1563 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0068 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 989BH UT WOS:000233647400012 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, RL TI A multi-tactic approach to manage weed population dynamics in crop rotations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; AESTIVUM STRAW MULCH; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; DENSITY; DECLINE AB No-till systems have enabled producers to change crop rotations in the semiarid Central Great Plains. Previously, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow was the prevalent rotation; now producers grow warm-season crops along with winter wheat and fallow. Initially, weed management was difficult in no-till rotations. However, an ecological approach to weed management, which integrates knowledge of weed population dynamics with cultural tactics and long-term planning, has enabled producers to control weeds with 50% less herbicides. This article explains the cultural tactics and ecological reasoning that led to this successful approach; our goal is to provide insight and ideas for other scientists and producers to plan multi-tactic weed management. The ecological approach emphasizes three goals related to weed population dynamics: enhancing natural loss of weed seeds in soil, reducing weed seedling establishment, and minimizing seed production by established plants. Cultural tactics used in this approach can be grouped into five categories: rotation design, crop sequencing, no-till, crop residue management, and competitive crop canopies. Success of the approach requires cultural tactics in each category. C1 USDA, ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randerson@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1579 EP 1583 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0194 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 989BH UT WOS:000233647400015 ER PT J AU Abrahamson, DA Radcliffe, DE Steiner, JL Cabrera, ML Hanson, JD Rojas, KW Schomberg, HH Fisher, DS Schwartz, L Hoogenboom, G AF Abrahamson, DA Radcliffe, DE Steiner, JL Cabrera, ML Hanson, JD Rojas, KW Schomberg, HH Fisher, DS Schwartz, L Hoogenboom, G TI Calibration of the root zone water quality model for simulating tile drainage and leached nitrate in the Georgia Piedmont SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; SCALE PARAMETERS; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ANION TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; COTTON; ULTISOL; GROWTH AB Calibration procedures and data used to parameterize a model, including model components that may or may not have been addressed, are generally not well documented in modeling studies. A comprehensive description of the process and parameters used for calibrating the Root Zone Water Quality Model, v. 1.3.2004.213, is presented in this article. The model was calibrated to simulate tile drainage and leached nitrate under conventional tillage management practices for maize (Zea mays L.) production followed by a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop in Cecil soils (kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kanhapludults), and for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) development in the Georgia Piedmont. Tile drainage and nitrate leaching were simulated within 15% of the observed values in the calibrated maize scenarios with and without the soil macroporosity option. Simulated and observed tile drainage and leached nitrate were not significantly different, and the simulated values were not significantly different with and without the macroporosity option. Simulated cotton biomass and leaf area index were well correlated with observed biomass and leaf area index until the last 21 d of the reproductive stage. Simulated and observed cotton water use were different by < 1 mm d(-1) based on A soil water in a 60-cm, profile during the critical peak bloom period. A detailed analysis of the calibration procedure and parameters used in this study will aid subsequent users of the model as well as aid in a subsequent evaluation of the model's performance for simulations of tile drainage and nitrate leaching in Georgia Piedmont cotton production systems. C1 USDA ARS, JPCNRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, ARS, GRL, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, NGPRL, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA, NRCS, ITC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Res, Wilmington, DE 19898 USA. Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Eng Dep, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Abrahamson, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, JPCNRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dstark@uga.edu RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1602 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0160 PG 19 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 989BH UT WOS:000233647400016 ER PT J AU Martin, KL Hodgen, PJ Freeman, KW Melchiori, R Arnall, DB Teal, RK Mullen, RW Desta, K Phillips, SB Solie, JB Stone, ML Caviglia, O Solari, F Bianchini, A Francis, DD Schepers, JS Hatfield, JL Raun, WR AF Martin, KL Hodgen, PJ Freeman, KW Melchiori, R Arnall, DB Teal, RK Mullen, RW Desta, K Phillips, SB Solie, JB Stone, ML Caviglia, O Solari, F Bianchini, A Francis, DD Schepers, JS Hatfield, JL Raun, WR TI Plant-to-plant variability in corn production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; NITROGEN; YIELD; MAIZE; SIZE; BERMUDAGRASS; GROWTH; WHEAT; SOIL AB Corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields are known to vary from plant to plant, but the extent of this variability across a range of environments has not been evaluated. This study was initiated to evaluate by-plant corn grain yield variability over a range of production environments and to establish the relationships among mean grain yield, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and yield range. A total of forty-six 8- to 30-m corn transects were harvested by plant in Argentina, Mexico, Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, Virginia, and Oklahoma from 2002 to 2004. By-plant corn grain yields were determined, and the average individual plant yields were calculated. Over all sites in all countries and states, plant-to-plant variation in corn grain yield averaged 2765 kg ha(-1) (44.1 bu ac(-1)). At the sites with the highest average corn grain yield (11478 and 14 383 kg ha(-1), Parana Argentina, and Phillips, NE), average plant-to-plant variation in yield was 4211 kg ha-1 (67 bu ac-1) and 2926 kg ha-1 (47 bu ac-1), respectively. As average grain yields increased, so did the standard deviation of the yields obtained within each row. Furthermore, the yield range (maximum corn grain yield minus the minimum corn grain yield per row) was found to increase with increasing yield level. Regardless of yield level, plant-to-plant variability in corn grain yield can be expected and averaged more than 2765 kg ha(-1) over sites and years. Averaging yield over distances > 0.5 in removed the extreme by-plant variability, and thus, the scale for treating other factors affecting yield should be less than 0.5 m. Methods that homogenize corn plant stands and emergence may decrease plant-to-plant variation and could lead to increased grain yields. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. INTA, Parana, Argentina. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. AAPRESID, Rosario, Argentina. RP Raun, WR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM wrr@mail.pss.okstate.edu RI Raun, William/A-3075-2017; OI Raun, William/0000-0002-1206-1105; melchiori, ricardo/0000-0001-7368-3146 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1603 EP 1611 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0129 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 989BH UT WOS:000233647400017 ER PT J AU Kay, KM Reeves, PA Olmstead, RG Schemske, DW AF Kay, KM Reeves, PA Olmstead, RG Schemske, DW TI Rapid speciation and the evolution of hummingbird pollination in neotropical Costus subgenus Costus (Costaceae): evidence from nrDNA ITS and ETS sequences SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Costaceae; ETS; euglossine bees; hummingbirds; ITS; neotropics; pollination syndromes; speciation ID ORCHID BEES EUGLOSSINI; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; SINNINGIEAE GESNERIACEAE; AMAZONIAN SPECIATION; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PLANT DIVERSITY; HIGH-ELEVATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; DIVERSIFICATION AB We estimate phylogenetic relationships and the biogeographic and pollination history of Costus subgenus Costus (Costaceae) using sequence data from the internal and external transcribed spacer (ITS and ETS) regions of 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA. The African members of the subgenus form a series of lineages basal to a monophyletic neotropical species radiation. The neotropical species have large, showy flowers visited by either euglossine bees or hummingbirds. The hummingbird pollination syndrome is supported as a derived character state from the bee pollination syndrome, and we estimate that it has evolved independently seven or more times in the neotropics. A molecular clock approach suggests that diversification of the neotropical clade has been recent and rapid and that it coincides with dramatic climatic and geologic changes, Andean orogeny, and the closing of the Panama isthmus that occurred in the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. We propose a scenario for the diversification of Costus, in which rapid floral adaptation in geographic isolation and range shifts in response to environmental changes contribute to reproductive isolation among close relatives. We suggest that these processes may be common in other recently diversified plant lineages centered in Central America or the Northern Andean phytogeographic region. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kay, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kkay@lifesci.ucsb.edu OI Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 NR 89 TC 111 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 45 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1899 EP 1910 DI 10.3732/ajb.92.11.1899 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 979IE UT WOS:000232934800014 PM 21646107 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI Diet-heart hypothesis: will diversity bring reconciliation? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FAT C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Nutr & Genom, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Nutr & Genom, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 82 IS 5 BP 919 EP 920 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 982JC UT WOS:000233153000001 PM 16280419 ER PT J AU Zetterberg, M Tasa, G Prince, JA Palmer, M Juronen, E Veromann, S Teesalu, P Karlsson, JO Blennow, K Zetterberg, H AF Zetterberg, M Tasa, G Prince, JA Palmer, M Juronen, E Veromann, S Teesalu, P Karlsson, JO Blennow, K Zetterberg, H TI Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphisms in patients with cataract SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol AB PURPOSE: Hyperhomocysteinemia is commonly associated with polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. The level of homocysteine can be lowered by dietary intake of folate. A protective effect of folate supplementation has been reported against cataract. Here we investigate MTHFR polymorphisms in human cataract. DESIGN: Retrospective case,control association Study. METHODS: Patients with nuclear (n = 77), cortical (n = 155), posterior subcapsular (n = 119), and mixed (n = 151) cataract, and 1.87 controls were analyzed for the MTHFR 677C -> T and 1298A -> C polymorphisms using minisequencing technique. RESULTS: The wild-type MTHFR 677CC/1298AA genotype was strongly overrepresented among cataract cases (P = .003). This effect was most pronounced in the mixed cataract group (P <.001). Hyperhomocysteine mia-associated genotypes had similar frequencies in cataract and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The previously reported protective effect of folate against cataract is not due to overrepresentation of hyperhomocysteinemia-associated MTHFR geno-types. Instead, the strong predominance of wild,type MTHFR in cataract may suggest impaired DNA synthesis as a cataractogenic factor. C1 Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Univ Hosp, Sect Ophthalmol, Inst Clin Neurosci, Molndal, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Tartu, Dept Human Biol & Genet, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. Karolinska Inst, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Chem & Transfus Med, Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Tartu, Dept Ophthalmol, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Inst Clin Neurosci, Dept Expt Neurosci, Gothenburg, Sweden. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Neurol Dis, Boston, MA USA. RP Zetterberg, H (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM madeleine.zetterberg@anatcell.gu.se NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 140 IS 5 BP 932 EP 934 DI 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.05.026 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 990PL UT WOS:000233755600030 PM 16310481 ER PT J AU Love, SL Novy, R Whitworth, J Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Thornton, RE Knowles, NR James, SR Hane, DC AF Love, SL Novy, R Whitworth, J Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Thornton, RE Knowles, NR James, SR Hane, DC TI Summit Russet: A new russet potato variety with good fresh market and frozen processing qualities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety release; cultivar; disease resistance; breeding; A84118-3 ID RESISTANCE; CLONES AB Summit Russet (AS4118-3), the result of the cross A77236-6 x TND329-1Russ, was released in 2003 by the USDA/ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The vines of Summit Russet are erect, with very thick stems, large yellowish-green leaves and abundant white flowers. The tubers are tan, with medium russet skin, long-flattened shape, a slightly prominent eyebrow, white flesh, and moderately prominent pith. Tuber dormancy is very long. Summit Russet was compared with Russet Burbank in trials across the Pacific Northwest for yield, quality, and disease response. In general, Summit Russet produced similar or lower total yields than did Russet Burbank, but higher U.S. No. 1 yields. In Idaho variety trials, Summit Russet exhibited resistance to second growth, growth cracks, blackspot bruise, and stem-end discoloration, and moderate susceptibility to hollow heart and shatter bruise. In comprehensive product quality evaluations, Summit Russet was rated superior to Russet Burbank for french fry quality and similar for baked potato quality. French fry quality was retained after long-term storage. In replicated disease trials, Summit Russet was found to have good resistance to common scab, early blight tuber rot, and Verticillium wilt, and moderate resistance to Fusarium dry rot and tuber net necrosis caused by PLRV. It demonstrated susceptibility to late blight, foliar PLRV, PVX, PVYO, and bacterial soft rot. Biochemical analysis of Summit Russet tubers showed them to be higher in total solids and sucrose, and lower in dextrose than those of Russet Burbank. Tuber glycoalkaloid concentration as measured from tubers produced in 1994-1996 trials was 6.7 mg 100 g. C1 Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA, ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Madras, OR 97741 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Love, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM slove@uidaho.edu; steven.james@oregonstate.edu NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 999LT UT WOS:000234391500001 ER PT J AU Lulai, EC AF Lulai, EC TI Non-wound-induced suberization of tuber parenchyma cells: A physiological response to the wilt disease pathogen Verticillium dahliae SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE poly(phenolic); poly(aliphatic); potato; suberin; Solanum tuberosum L. ID POTATO; RESISTANCE; PERIDERM; SUBERIN AB Verticillium spp. wilt pathogens enter the root and eventually penetrate xylem vessels of the plant where they can spread into the vascular tissue of the potato tuber. Infected tuber vessel elements often become discolored creating a serious internal tuber quality defect that prevents sale of raw product to its primary market. Despite the costly losses and disease issues created by these infections, the physiological responses to colonization of tuber vessel elements are poorly described, and a model system to study these responses in the laboratory has not been developed. The objectives of this research were to develop such a model system by determining if tuber vessel elements could be infiltrated with Verticillium spp. in a laboratory setting and if a detectable physiological response could be elicited and identified. Results demonstrated that tuber vessel elements in the model system could be infiltrated and that infiltration of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. conidia into these vessel elements induced a suberization response on the walls of neighboring parenchyma cells. However, the walls of the infiltrated tuber vessel elements did not suberize. A similar suberization response was found in tubers that had been naturally infected by Verticillium dahliae in the field. The suberization response was histochemically determined by assessing the accumulation of suberin poly(aliphatics) and poly(phenolics). This process of internal suberization of tuber parenchyma cells occurred without induction by a wound signal. Consequently, the suberization signal was derived by introduction of the plant-pathogen into the tuber vessel elements. This simple model system provides a versatile tool to investigate the physiological responses of potato tuber to colonization of vessel elements. This is believed to be the first report for such a physiological response to Verticillium spp. in potato tuber. C1 USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58405 USA. RP Lulai, EC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58405 USA. EM lulaie@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 999LT UT WOS:000234391500002 ER PT J AU Carrera, LM Morse, RD Hima, BL Abdul-Baki, AA Haynes, KG Teasdale, JR AF Carrera, LM Morse, RD Hima, BL Abdul-Baki, AA Haynes, KG Teasdale, JR TI A conservation-tillage, cover-cropping strategy and economic analysis for creamer potato production SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; crimson clover; trifolium incarnatum; rye; Secale cereale; oat; Avena sativa; Austrian winter pea; Pisum sativum; rape; Brassica napus; sustainable agriculture ID NITROGEN; ROTATION; SYSTEMS; YIELD AB A two-year experiment was conducted at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), MD, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Kentland Agricultural Research Farm (KARF), VA, to evaluate potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production of 32- to 57-mm-size-range tubers (referred to hereafter as creamers) in a conservation-tillage, cover-cropping strategy. The experiments used a split-plot design in which the main-plots were cover crop treatments and the sub-plots were different potato selections. Main plot treatments included rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), rape (Brassica napus L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), rye/crimson clover mixture, rape/crimson clover mixture, bare soil/raised beds, and bare soil/flat beds (control). Potato selections tested were B1145-2, B1491-5, and B1492-12 in 2000 and B1145-2, B1102-3, and B0811-4 in 2001. Yields in the conservation-tillage treatments were equal to or better than those in the bare soil/flat bed control with few exceptions. Large-sized tubers (< 57 mm) in almost all cases remained below 6% of total marketable yield even when the tubers were harvested late. Delayed harvest did not reduce creamer-sized yields nor did it increase yield of large-sized tubers. Economic analysis shows that net returns from some conservation-tillage treatments are equal to or higher than the conventional-tillage strategy and confirms the viability of the conservation-tillage, cover-cropping strategy. Furthermore, the conservation-tillage strategy in many cases allows timely planting using machinery in the wet soils of Maryland and Virginia during the narrow window of spring potato planting time, whereas the conventional tillage strategy does not offer this advantage. C1 USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Abdul-Baki, AA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM abdul-ba@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 471 EP 479 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 999LT UT WOS:000234391500006 ER PT J AU Thompson, AL Novy, RG Farnsworth, BL Secor, GA Gudmestad, NC Sowokinos, JR Holm, ET Lorenzen, JH Preston, D AF Thompson, AL Novy, RG Farnsworth, BL Secor, GA Gudmestad, NC Sowokinos, JR Holm, ET Lorenzen, JH Preston, D TI Dakota Pearl: An attractive, bright white-skinned, cold-chipping cultivar with tablestock potential SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; cultivar; release; cold-chipping ability; Solanum phureja; Solanum demissum ID POTATOES; VARIETY; SOLIDS AB Dakota Pearl (ND2676-10) is a medium-maturing chipping cultivar with uniform, round, bright white-skinned tubers with shallow eyes. Dakota Pearl has the ability to produce commercially acceptable chips following long-term storage at 5.5 C without the need for reconditioning. It yields well under both dryland and irrigated trial conditions in North Dakota. North Central Regional Potato Variety Trial and Snack Food Association Trial results indicate it has wide adaptability. Yield and specific gravity under dryland conditions are similar to Norchip; Dakota Pearl has a low percentage of external defects. Average set is 12 to 14 tubers per hill. Dakota Pearl demonstrates wide consumer appeal as a tablestock cultivar due to attractive tuber appearance and bright-white skin. Sensory evaluation scores for baking, boiling, and microwaving are comparable to those of standard chip cvs Atlantic, NorValley, and Snowden. The specific gravity of Dakota Pearl is similar to cvs Norchip and NorValley, lower than for Atlantic or Snowden. Total glycoalkaloid levels are low, at 1.5 mg/100 g fresh tuber tissue. The North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station released Dakota Pearl on 23 April 1999. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, USDA, ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Minnesota, N Dakota State Univ Extens, E Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. RP Thompson, AL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM asunta.thompson@ndsu.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 481 EP 488 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 999LT UT WOS:000234391500007 ER PT J AU Williams, SH Wright, BW Den Truong, V Daubert, CR Vinyard, CJ AF Williams, SH Wright, BW Den Truong, V Daubert, CR Vinyard, CJ TI Mechanical properties of foods used in experimental studies of primate masticatory function SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mechanical properties; fracture toughness; elastic modulus; etectromyography ID PERIODONTAL MECHANORECEPTIVE AFFERENTS; LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE; OLD-WORLD MONKEYS; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; MANDIBULAR SYMPHYSIS; JAW MOVEMENT; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MASSETER FORCE; GENUS CEBUS AB In vivo studies, of jaw-muscle behavior have been integral factors in the development of our current understanding of the primate masticatory apparatus. However, even though it has been shown that food textures and mechanical properties influence jaw-muscle activity during mastication, very little effort has been made to quantify the relationship between the elicited masticatory responses of the subject and the mechanical proper-ties of the foods that are eaten. Recent work on human mastication highlights the importance of two mechanical properties-toughness and elastic modulus (i.e., stiffness)-for food breakdown during mastication. Here we provide data on the toughness and elastic modulus of the majority of foods used in experimental studies of the nonhuman primate masticatory apparatus. Food toughness ranges from approximately 56.97Jm(-2) (apple pulp) to 4355.45 Jm(-2) (prune pit). The elastic modulus of the experimental foods ranges from 0.07 MPa for gummy bears to 346 MPa for popcorn kernels. These data can help researchers studying primate mastication select among several potential foods with broadly similar mechanical properties. Moreover, they provide a framework for understanding how jaw-muscle activity varies with food mechanical properties in these studies. C1 Ohio Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA. N Carolina State Univ, United States Dept Agr, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NE Ohio Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA. RP Williams, SH (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 228 Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM willias7@ohio.edu NR 101 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 329 EP 346 DI 10.1002/ajp.20189 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 990PC UT WOS:000233754700004 PM 16287104 ER PT J AU Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Seals, RC Lewis, GS AF Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Seals, RC Lewis, GS TI Uterine response to multiple inoculations with Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli in nulliparous ewes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE active immunity; sheep; uterine infection ID INFECTIOUS BACTERIA; ESTROUS-CYCLE; LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; SHEEP; PROGESTERONE; 13,14-DIHYDRO-15-KETO-PGF(2-ALPHA); PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Problem Uterine infections seem more severe in nulliparous animals. Our objective was to determine whether intrauterine inoculation of nulliparous ewes with Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli would produce an antibody response and reduce the severity of subsequent infections. Method of study Nulliparous ewes (n = 9/treatment) received (i) 'primary intrauterine inoculation' with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 'secondary intrauterine inoculation' with PBS; (ii) primary PBS-secondary 75 x 10(7) cfu of A. pyogenes and 35 x 10(7) cfu of E. coli (PBS-Bacteria); (iii) primary bacteria-secondary PBS; or (iv) primary bacteria-secondary bacteria (Bacteria-Bacteria). Results Inoculations evoked an antibody response. Postmortem examinations 6 days after the secondary inoculation indicated that PBS-treated ewes did not develop uterine infections, but all bacteria-treated ewes did. Infections were either less severe or closer to resolution in Bacteria-Bacteria than they were in PBS-Bacteria ewes. Conclusions Intrauterine inoculation of nulliparous ewes with A. pyogenes and E. coli evokes an antibody response that may help the uterus reduce the severity of subsequent infections. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Bioanalyt Syst Inc, Mt Vernon, IA USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM glewis@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1046-7408 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2005.00304.x PG 13 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 977KI UT WOS:000232802300002 PM 16212647 ER PT J AU Holman, PJ Spencer, AM Telford, SR Goethert, HK Allen, AJ Knowles, DP Goff, WL AF Holman, PJ Spencer, AM Telford, SR Goethert, HK Allen, AJ Knowles, DP Goff, WL TI Comparative infectivity of Babesia divergens and a zoonotic Babesia divergens-like parasite in cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OVIS-CANADENSIS-NELSONI; TICK-BORNE DISEASES; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; WASHINGTON-STATE; CULTIVATION; CALIFORNIA AB Babesia divergens-like parasites identified in human babesiosis cases in Missouri and Kentucky and in eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanits) on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, share identical small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. This sequence is 99.8% identical to that of Babesia divergens, suggesting that the U.S. parasite may be B. divergens, a causative agent of human and bovine babesiosis in Europe. Holstein-Friesian calves were inoculated with cultured Nantucket Island Babesia sp. (NR831) and B. divergens parasites and monitored by clinical signs, Giemsa-stained blood films, PCR, and culture. The NR831 recipients did not exhibit clinical signs of infection and remained negative for all assays. The B. divergens recipients developed clinical infections and became positive by all assays. NR831 recipients were fully susceptible upon challenge inoculation with B. divergens. This study confirms that the Nantucket Island Babesia sp. is not conspecific with B. divergens based on host specificity for cattle. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX USA. Tufts Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci, Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wgoff@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R03 AI054799-01, R03 AI054799-02] NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 865 EP 870 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 985UR UT WOS:000233404700010 PM 16282295 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD Lager, KM AF Wesley, RD Lager, KM TI Evaluation of a recombinant human adenovirus-5 vaccine administered via needle-free device and intramuscular injection for vaccination of pigs against swine influenza virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; H3N2; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; GENE AB Objective-To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a human adenovirus-5 vaccine for protecting weaned pigs against swine influenza virus subtype H3N2 infection when administered via 2 injection methods. Animals-76 pigs. Procedure-6 groups of weaned pigs received a 10-fold serial dilution of recombinant adenovirus expressing H3 hemagglutinin and a constant amount of recombinant adenovirus expressing nucleoprotein, either via a needle-free injection device or by traditional IM injection. In each group of 10 pigs, I served as a nonvaccinated contact pig to monitor whether there was spread of vaccinial virus from pig to pig. Vaccinated pigs and nonvaccinated controls were challenged or sham-inoculated 5 weeks later. After challenge, pigs were observed for clinical signs and nasal secretions were tested for virus. On day 5 after challenge, pigs were euthanatized; lungs were examined for gross lesions, and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were tested for virus replication. Results-A hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody response was elicited in a dose-dependent manner. Traditional IM administered vaccination induced consistently higher HI antibody responses than vaccination via needle-free injection, but the differences were not significant. Likewise, traditional IM administration was superior at reducing nasal virus shedding except at the highest dose, at which both methods blocked virus replication. The severity of lung lesions was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by both vaccination methods. Sentinel pigs did not seroconvert. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The human adenovirus-5 vaccine at high doses prevented nasal virus shedding after challenge exposure with both methods of administration. The replication-defective vaccine virus was not transmitted to sentinel pigs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1943 EP 1947 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1943 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 979IS UT WOS:000232936200015 PM 16334954 ER PT J AU Verrill, S Durst, M AF Verrill, S Durst, M TI The decline and fall of type II error rates SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE asymptotic relative efficiency; experimental design; Hodges-Lehmann efficiency; linear models; Mills' ratio; minimum detectable difference; noncentral F; normal tail; Pitman efficiency; power; sample size AB For general linear models with normally distributed random errors, the probability of a Type II error decreases exponentially as a function of sample size. This potentially rapid decline reemphasizes the importance of performing power calculations. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Verrill, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM sverrill@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1198/000313005X70353 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 977OD UT WOS:000232812200003 ER PT J AU Smith, AJ Allen, T AF Smith, AJ Allen, T TI The use of databases, information centres and guidelines when planning research that may involve animals SO ANIMAL WELFARE LA English DT Article DE animal welfare; database; guidelines; information centre; laboratory animal welfare; Three Rs ID ALTERNATIVES AB in many countries scientists planning research that may involve the use of animals are required by low to examine the possibilities for replacement, reduction or refinement (the Three Rs) of these experiments. In addition to the large number of literature databases, there are now many specialist databases specifically addressing the Three Rs. Information centres, with a mandate to assist scientists and toy people locate information on the Three Rs, have also been established. Email discussion lists and their archives constitute another, although less quality-controlled, source of information. Furthermore, guidelines for the care and use of animals in research have been produced both by regulatory bodies and scientific organisations. The growth of the internet has put an enormous amount of data into the public domain, and the problems of accessing relevant information are discussed. Suggestions are also given for search strategies when using these information sources. C1 Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Lab Anim Unit, Oslo, Norway. USDA, Anim Welf Informat Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, AJ (reprint author), Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Lab Anim Unit, Oslo, Norway. EM adrian.smith@veths.no NR 25 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV FEDERATION ANIMAL WELFARE PI WHEATHAMPSTEAD PA OLD SCHOOL, BREWHOUSE HILL, WHEATHAMPSTEAD AL4 8AN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0962-7286 J9 ANIM WELFARE JI Anim. Welf. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 347 EP 359 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 978QU UT WOS:000232888900011 ER PT J AU Almeida, RPP Wayadande, A Shelly, T AF Almeida, RPP Wayadande, A Shelly, T TI Insect transmission of plant pathogens SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Almeida, RPP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 755 EP 755 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0755:ITOPP]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 983DD UT WOS:000233210400001 ER PT J AU Wayadande, A Bruton, B Fletcher, J Pair, S Mitchell, F AF Wayadande, A Bruton, B Fletcher, J Pair, S Mitchell, F TI Retention of cucurbit yellow vine disease bacterium Serratia marcescens through transstadial molt of vector Anasa tristis (Hemiptera : Coreidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE heteroptera; transmission; propagative bacteria; squash bug ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; SQUASH; TRANSMISSION; LEAFHOPPERS AB Retention or loss of transmissibility after molting was tested for adult and nymphal squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer), a natural vector of the plant pathogen Serratia marcescens Bizio, the causal agent of cucurbit yellow vine disease. Squash bug adults and nymphs fed from bacteria infiltrated squash cubes were caged on squash test plants and transferred weekly to new plants for eight consecutive weeks. Twelve percent of the bugs that acquired as adults transmitted the bacterium to at least one of the test plants; 75% of these transmitters inoculated more than one plant. Transmission to plants occurred as late as 3 to 8 weeks postacquisition. Ten percent of squash bugs that fed on S. marcescem as fifth instars inoculated plants after molting to the adult stage; 77% of these transmitters inoculated more than one plant. Two insects that fed on S. marcescens as third instars inoculated squash plants. When examined by scanning electron microscopy, the foregut cibaria of transmitting insects were free of bacteria-like structures. The ability of A. tristis to transmit S. marcescens after molting to the adult stage suggests that the hemocoel acts as the site of retention of transmissible bacteria. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Wayadande, A (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 770 EP 774 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0770:ROCYVD]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 983DD UT WOS:000233210400004 ER PT J AU Backus, EA Habibi, J Yan, FM Ellersieck, M AF Backus, EA Habibi, J Yan, FM Ellersieck, M TI Stylet penetration by adult Homalodisca coagulata on grape: Electrical penetration graph waveform characterization, tissue correlation, and possible implications for transmission of Xylella fastidiosa SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca coagulata; electrical penetration graph; electronic monitoring of insect feeding; probing; Pierce's disease ID SENSORY SYSTEMS; GRAPHOCEPHALA-ATROPUNCTATA; PROBING BEHAVIOR; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA; LEAFHOPPER; SHARPSHOOTER; HEMIPTERA; BACTERIA AB The sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) is an exotic vector of the Pierce's disease (PD) bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.), that was first observed in California in 1989. H. coagulata has since greatly increased the threat of PD to the grape industry as well as stone fruit, nursery, and ornamental industries in California. This is the first in a series of articles that together describe how sharpshooter stylet penetration behaviors (especially intricate stylet activities, salivation, and ingestion) control transmission (i.e., acquisition and inoculation) of X. fastidiosa. Herein, we categorized and characterized alternating current electrical penetration graph (EPG) waveforms from glass-winged sharpshooter stylet penetration on petiole of susceptible grape ('Cabernet Sauvignon'), paying special attention to waveform fine structures that are likely to be the key to detecting the instant of inoculation. We also correlated waveforms with salivary sheath termini in grape tissues. For the first time in any EPG study of leafhopper or planthopper feeding, we demonstrate through case studies of individual probes how to follow the process of stylet penetration step by step as it is occurring, including salivary sheath branching and when the stylets first puncture a xylem cell. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the transmission mechanism of X. fastidiosa, in comparison with hypothesized mechanisms in the literature. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 787 EP 813 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0787:SPBAHC]2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 983DD UT WOS:000233210400006 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Yen, SH Goolsby, JH Wright, T Pemberton, R Winotai, A Chattrukul, U Thagong, A Rimbut, S AF Solis, MA Yen, SH Goolsby, JH Wright, T Pemberton, R Winotai, A Chattrukul, U Thagong, A Rimbut, S TI Siamusotima aranea, a new stem-boring musotimine (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) from Thailand feeding on Lygodium flexuosum (Schizaeaceae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Pyraloidea; Old World climbing fern; pteridophagy; spiders; tenebrionid beetles ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; MICROPHYLLUM SCHIZAEACEAE; AUSTRALIA; GENUS; ASIA AB Siamusotima aranea Solis & Yen, is a new stem-boring musotimine species from Thailand. It was discovered in the stems of Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. (Schizaeaceae) during exploration for biological control agents of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br., the Old World climbing fern. This is the first report in the Pyraloidea of a stem-boring larva with unique modifications of the anal segment resembling that of tenebrionid beetle immatures and with observations of possible mimicry between the adult moth and spiders. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, SEL, USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Ascot SL5 7YP, Berks, England. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. USDA ARS, Invas Plants Res Lab, Miami Beach, FL 33140 USA. Plant Protect Res & Dev Off, Dept Agr, Bangkok, Thailand. Royal Project Fdn, Chiang Mai, Thailand. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, SEL, USDA, POB 37012,E-517,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 887 EP 895 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0887:SAANSM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 983DD UT WOS:000233210400014 ER PT J AU Brodhagen, M Paulsen, I Loper, JE AF Brodhagen, M Paulsen, I Loper, JE TI Reciprocal regulation of pyoluteorin production with membrane transporter gene expression in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ABC TRANSPORTERS; COTTON SEEDLINGS; AERUGINOSA; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; IDENTIFICATION; INVOLVEMENT; RESISTANCE AB Pyoluteorin is a chlorinated polyketide antibiotic secreted by the rhizosphere bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Genes encoding enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in pyoluteorin production are clustered in the genome of Pf-5. Sequence analysis of genes adjacent to the known pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster revealed the presence of an ABC transporter system. We disrupted two putative ABC transporter genes by inserting transcriptional fusions to an ice nucleation reporter gene. Mutations in pltI and pltJ, which are predicted to encode a membrane fusion protein and an ATP-binding cassette of the ABC transporter, respectively, greatly reduced pyoluteorin production by Pf-5. During the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase, populations of a pltI mutant were lower than those of a pltI(+) strain in a culture medium containing pyoluteorin, suggesting a role for the transport system in efflux and the resistance of Pf-5 to the antibiotic. Although pltI or pltJ mutant strains displayed low pyoluteorin production, they did not accumulate proportionately more of the antibiotic intracellularly, indicating that pltI and pltJ do not encode an exclusive exporter for pyoluteorin. Transcription of the putative pyoluteorin efflux genes pltI and pltJ was enhanced by exogenous pyoluteorin. These new observations parallel an earlier finding that pyoluteorin enhances the transcription of pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes and pyoluteorin production in Pf-5. This report provides evidence of a coordination of pyoluteorin production and the transcription of genes encoding a linked transport apparatus, wherein each requires the other for optimal expression. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Loper, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM loperj@science.oregonstate.edu RI Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; OI Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 6900 EP 6909 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.6900-6909.2005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000055 PM 16269724 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Wesley, IV Bush, EJ AF Bhaduri, S Wesley, IV Bush, EJ TI Prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains in pigs in the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCR DETECTION; PORK; SLAUGHTER; ENRICHMENT; SEROTYPES; INFANTS; SAMPLES; FOODS; SWINE; ASSAY AB Yersinia enterocolitica is considered an important food-borne pathogen impacting the pork production and processing industry in the United States. Since this bacterium is a commensal of swine, the primary goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in pigs in the United Sates using feces as the sample source. A total of 2,793 fecal samples were tested for its presence in swine. Fecal samples were collected from late finisher pigs from 77 production sites in the 15 eastern and midwestern pork-producing states over a period of 27 weeks (6 September 2000 to 20 March 2001). The prevalence of ail-positive Y. enterocolitica was determined in samples using both a fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay and a culture method. The mean prevalence was 13.10% (366 of 2,793 fecal samples tested) when both PCR- and culture-positive results were combined. Forty-one of 77 premises (53.25%) contained at least one fecal sample positive for the ail sequence. The PCR assay indicated a contamination rate of 12.35% (345/2,793) compared to 4.08% (114/2,793) by the culture method. Of the 345 PCR-positive samples, 252 were culture negative, while of the 114 culture-positive samples, 21 were PCR negative. Among 77 premises, the PCR assay revealed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage (46.75%, n = 36 sites) of samples positive for the pathogen (ail sequence) than the culture method (22.08%, n = 17 sites). Thus, higher sensitivity, with respect to number of samples and sites identified as positive for the PCR method compared with the culture method for detecting pathogenic Y. enterocolitica, was demonstrated in this study. The results support the hypothesis that swine are a reservoir for Y. enterocolitica strains potentially pathogenic for humans. C1 USDA ARS, Micobial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Micobial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sbhaduri@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 7117 EP 7121 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.7117-7121.2005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000080 PM 16269749 ER PT J AU Briggs, RE Tatum, FM AF Briggs, RE Tatum, FM TI Generation and molecular characterization of new temperature-sensitive plasmids intended for genetic engineering of Pasteurellaceae SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAEMOLYTICA SEROTYPE A1; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HAEMOPHILUS-SOMNUS; AROA MUTANT; MULTOCIDA; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB Temperature-sensitive (TS) plasmids were generated through chemical mutagenesis of a derivative of the streptomycin resistance parent plasmid pD70, isolated from Mannheimia hemolytica serotype 1. Three TS plasmids which failed to replicate at or above 42 degrees C in M. hemolytica but which were fully functional below 31 degrees C were selected for further analysis. Two of the TS plasmids were shown by sequencing to possess unique single-base-pair mutations. The third TS plasmid contained a unique base pair substitution and a second mutation that had been previously identified. These mutations were clustered within a 200-bp region of the presumed plasmid origin of replication. Site-directed single-nucleotide substitutions were introduced into the wild-type pD70 origin of replication to confirm that mutations identified by sequencing had conferred thermoregulated replication. Deletion analysis on the wild-type pD70 plasmid replicon revealed that approximately 720 bp are necessary for plasmid maintenance. Replication of the TS plasmids was thermoregulated in Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus somnus as well. To consistently transform H. somnus with TS plasmid, in vitro DNA methylation with commercially available HhaI methyltransferase was necessary to protect against the organism's restriction enzyme HsoI (recognition sequence 5'-GCGC-3') characterized herein. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Briggs, RE (reprint author), 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bbriggs@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 7187 EP 7195 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.7187-7195.2005 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000089 PM 16269758 ER PT J AU Tatum, FM Briggs, RE AF Tatum, FM Briggs, RE TI Construction of in-frame aroA deletion mutants of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Haemophilus somnus by using a new temperature-sensitive plasmid SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; POSITIVE SELECTION; LIVE VACCINES; SEROTYPE A1; GALE GENE; VIRULENCE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB A temperature-sensitive (TS) plasmid was generated from the endogenous streptomycin resistance plasmid of Mannheimia hemolytica and used to engineer in-frame aroA deletion mutants of Mannheimia hemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Haemophilus somnus. TS replacement plasmids carrying in-frame aroA deletions were constructed for each target species and introduced into host cells by electroporation. After recovery in broth, cells were spread onto plates containing antibiotic and incubated at 30 degrees C, the permissive temperature for autonomous plasmid replication. Transfer of transformants to selective plates cultured at a nonpermissive temperature for plasmid replication selected for single-crossover mutants consisting of replacement plasmids that had integrated into host chromosomes by homologous recombination. Transfer of the single-crossover mutants back to a permissive temperature without antibiotic selection drove plasmid resolution, and, depending on where plasmid excision occurred, either deletion mutants or wild-type cells were generated. The system used here represents a broadly applicable means for generating unmarked mutants of Pasteurellaceae species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tatum, FM (reprint author), 230 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ftatum@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 7196 EP 7202 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.7196-7202.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000090 PM 16269759 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Riley, MR AF Garcia, RA Riley, MR TI Application of design-of-experiments procedures to optimize efficiently pretreatment of lipase for use in a nonaqueous reaction SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonaqueous enzymology; lipase; pretreatment; optimization; lyophilization; esterification; fragrance ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; CITRONELLYL ACETATE; MEDIA; ACTIVATION; ENZYMES; PARAMETERS; MIEHEI AB A variety of different pretreatments can improve the performance of enzymes in nonpolar reaction media. These pretreatments have primarily been studied in isolation; however, interactions between some pairs of pretreatments are known to exist. The presence of these interactions complicates the design of an optimum multifactor pretreatment. Modern design-of-experiments techniques allow the simultaneous optimization of two or more variables. To improve the performance of lipase in a model reaction, we used a technique called the method of steepest ascent to optimize three variables simultaneously: pretreatment pH and sodium phosphate concentration, and the concentration of acetic acid (one of the reactants) in the reaction mixture. In only 26 experimental runs, this optimization process determined a combination of variable settings that yielded a reaction product approx 180 times faster than achieved with untreated enzyme. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that locating this optimum with single-factor experiments would be inefficient. This article demonstrates the efficiency of the method of steepest ascent particularly for evaluation of enzymatic reaction conditions exhibiting significant interactions. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rgarcia@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 2 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1385/ABAB:127:2:069 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 984BR UT WOS:000233278000001 PM 16258185 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Hewitt, AJ AF Hoffmann, WC Hewitt, AJ TI Comparison of three imaging systems for water-sensitive papers SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE droplet size; water-sensitive card; WSP; imaging; DropletScan (TM); Swath Kit (TM) ID AERIAL APPLICATIONS; DRIFT AB Researchers and applicators commonly use water-sensitive paper as a method for assessing the droplet size spectra and deposition quality from an application of agrochemicals. Three imaging systems (USDA-ARS and Swath Kit(TM) camera-based systems and DropletScan(TM) scanner-based system) were compared using two sets of water-sensitive papers from an aerial application spray test. Although the systems used different spread factor equations to calculate actual droplet sizes from the stain sizes on the card, and different sample definition and data processing systems, there were high correlations between the three systems for three of the droplet size spectra parameters tested (D-V0.1. D-V0.5, and D-V0.9) and slight to no correlations between the systems based on the droplet spectra parameter called relative span. The information presented will allow researchers to be confident that droplet sizing data collected from either system will produce similar results and that the results can be compared. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Pesticide Applicat & Safety, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM choffmann@tamu.edu OI Hewitt, Andrew/0000-0001-9210-7013 NR 7 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 961 EP 964 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 994DZ UT WOS:000234012100003 ER PT J AU Byler, RK Anthony, WS AF Byler, RK Anthony, WS TI Prototype moisture sensor for cotton on the bottom of a module SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE seed cotton; module; moisture content; sensor; drying AB An automated seed cotton moisture control system can sense that the cotton in a module is dry enough to gin without additional heating, yet the bottom few centimeters of the module may be much wetter than the average in its entirety or in isolated locations. The usual sensors are designed to detect the average moisture content. If wet cotton enters the ginning stream it can cause the gin stand to choke, thereby causing considerable problems for the gin operation. An automated sensor was developed to detect the moisture content of the bottom of the module. This sensor was operated for 6 years in a commercial gin with minimal problems. It was calibrated and produced usable data over the range of interest (12% to 16%). This sensor can be used to warn the ginner of imminent drying problems thereby reducing unnecessary down time and operating expenses or can be used by an automated dryer control system. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rbyler@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 971 EP 977 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 994DZ UT WOS:000234012100005 ER PT J AU Holser, RA Willett, JL AF Holser, RA Willett, JL TI Yield strengths of hybrid Hibiscus canes SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE yield strength; Hibiscus; canes; harvest ID KENAF; FIBER AB Hibiscus varieties are under development as potential sources of green tissues with edible and industrial applications. The machinery designed to harvest these materials must efficiently recover the target tissues without damaging the growing plant. Current harvest operations are performed by hand, however, the feasibility of using a mechanical harvester is under consideration. To investigate this possibility, the canes from 11 Hibiscus hybrids were evaluated by the three-point flexure test to obtain yield strength values that could be used to characterize the response of the plant to applied stresses during mechanical harvesting operations. C1 USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM holserra@ncaur.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 985 EP 986 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 994DZ UT WOS:000234012100007 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA Evett, SR AF Tolk, JA Howell, TA Evett, SR TI An evapotranspiration research facility for soil-plant environment interactions SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; rain shelter; lysimeter; plant water stress ID WEIGHING LYSIMETERS; WHEAT; GROWTH; YIELD AB The Soil-Plant-Environment Research (SPER) facility at USDA Agricultural Research Service at Bushland, Texas, opened in 1990 with 48 weighable lysimeters containing monolithic soil cores of three major soil groups and a rain shelter. Its purpose was to provide an environment for intensive plant water stress research and evaluate the impact of soil hydraulic characteristics on irrigation management strategies. The facility has now been upgraded with the addition of a fourth soil type collected using static weights, the installation of 48 deck (platform) scales for the continuous measurement of evapotranspiration (ET), and the use of a pressure-compensating drip system. The additional soil was selected to provide a wider range of nutrient and water supplying capacity compared with the other three soils. The conversion to weighing lysimeters allows the collection of diurnal ET data needed for plant physiological studies and validation of ET measurement equipment and models. The drip system reduces labor, increases precision of application amount, and reduces disturbance around the lysimeters. These improvements to the SPER facility will expand the type and quality of plant stress and irrigation management research projects that can be performed. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM jtolk@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 993 EP 998 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 994DZ UT WOS:000234012100009 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Siebenmorgen, TJ AF Arthur, FH Siebenmorgen, TJ TI Historical weather data and predicted aeration cooling periods for stored rice in Arkansas SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE stored rice; aeration; cooling; insects ID TEMPERATURE; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; WHEAT AB Historical weather data were used to partition Arkansas into southern, central, and northern zones, based on the number of hours that ambient air temperatures were below 15 degrees C in September and October between 1990-1999. Data from one site from each zone were analyzed to predict how quickly rice could be cooled in early autumn to 15 degrees C the lower limit of development for most stored-product insects, using airflow rates of 0.08, 0.4, and 0.8 m(3)/min/m(3) (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 cubic feet per minute, CFM, per bushel), and different initial storage dates. The durations required for cooling decreased as the airflow rate increased, and fewer cooling days were required with later initial storage dates. Predicted durations required to cool rice to 15 degrees C using the lowest airflow rate of 0.08 m(3)/min/m(3), ranged from 15 to 35 days, 6 to 20 days, and 5 to 18 days, in the weather stations chosen to represent the southern, central, and northern zones, respectively, depending on the initial storage date. Increasing the airflow from 0.08 to 0.4 m(3)/min/m(3) yielded a predicted decrease in cooling durations of about 3 to 7 days. Increasing the airflow rate from 0.4 to 0.8 m(3)/min/m(3) gave only a one- or two-day decrease in predicted cooling durations to reach 15 degrees C. Cooling durations were also determined for the same three airflow rates for a second cooling cycle, beginning 1 November and cooling to 7.2 degrees C. Results of these studies show that temperatures during autumn could be used to cool stored rice in Arkansas using low-volume aeration. C1 USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1017 EP 1020 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 994DZ UT WOS:000234012100012 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Jackson, ES Pearson, TC AF Haff, RP Jackson, ES Pearson, TC TI Non-destructive detection of pits in dried plums SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE compression force; fruit; FFT; sorting; dried plums; prunes; pits ID RED TART CHERRIES AB An economical, non-destructive device was constructed to detect pits in dried plums (prunes). The device compresses the product between a roller and a force transducer, which detects the higher force generated when a pit is present. Two methods of classifying fruit were developed, one based on the maximum magnitude of the compression force and the other on analysis of the frequency spectra of the force transducer signal during compression. The accuracy of the former was 98.6% for pitted fruit and 69.4% for fruit with pits, versus 99.1% and 75.3% for the latter. The frequency spectra classification method was more accurate, but more complex and costly to implement. The requirement to restrict the compression of the fruit to be non-destructive precludes the possibility to detect small pit fragments using this method. However, the low cost of materials for the device make it a potential method to supplement other technology currently in use to reduce the pit count in the final product. C1 USDA ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Haff, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ron@pw.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1026 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 994DZ UT WOS:000234012100013 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Casada, ME AF Arthur, FH Casada, ME TI Feasibility of summer aeration to control insects in stored wheat SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE wheat; storage; insects; management ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; MOISTURE TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; NEWLY HARVESTED WHEAT; PRODUCT INSECTS; KANSAS FARMS; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; BINS; CUCUJIDAE; IMMIGRATION AB Temperature profiles and insect populations were compared in wheat that had been aerated with low airflow rates during the summer in addition to two autumn aeration cycles, versus wheat aerated in autumn only or unaerated wheat. Tests were conducted in 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003, and data were analyzed separately for each year. Grain mass temperature profiles at depths of 0.9 and 1.8 m from the surface in the grain mass showed distinct declines in temperature for each aeration cycle during the first two years of the study, however, summer aeration did not result in as large of temperature declines in 2002-2003, partly because the summer aerated bin was loaded with warmer grain. The effectiveness of summer aeration was estimated using confined insect populations in tube cages placed on the surface of the grain and by sampling the grain for natural insect populations using pitfall probe traps. At the conclusion of the summer aeration cycle, the number of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in the tube cages were consistently lower in bins that had not been aerated during the summer. Pitfall trap catch of rusty grain beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.), foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Walt), and lesser grain borer was consistently lower in bins with summer aeration, indicating a reduction in natural insect populations. Field data support modeling simulation studies that predict lower insect populations when a summer aeration cycle is included. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1038 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 994DZ UT WOS:000234012100014 ER PT J AU Anthony, WS AF Anthony, WS TI Development of machines to separate fiber and shive from seed flax straw SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE flax; linen; shive; bast fibers; gin machinery; cotton AB Seed flax stalks are usually considered a waste product but they can be separated into marketable fiber and shive. The fiber can be used for applications such as composites and paper. Separation of traditional long line fiber from fiber flax stalks is a rigorous and expensive process that requires the stalk to be biologically degraded (retted) before processing. This process is not economically feasible for seed flax stalks. This study evaluated the potential of several machines traditionally used to remove foreign matter from cotton in terms of their capability to remove fax fiber from chopped seed flax straw. The successful mechanical principles of several machines were then incorporated into a single machine and used to separate the fiber and shive from the straw. The new machine consists of components of a modified gin cleaner typically used for cleaning seed cotton and components of a machine typically used for cleaning lint. The initial version of the machine did not yield the desired 80% fiber purity so more saw cylinders were added. The most effective version produced 13.8% yield out of a possible 20% fiber with a purity of 81.4%. The yield can be improved with additional modifications to the machine. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Anthony, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM santhony@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1057 EP 1063 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 994DZ UT WOS:000234012100017 ER PT J AU Barton, FE Bargeron, JD Gamble, GR McAlister, DL Hequet, E AF Barton, FE Bargeron, JD Gamble, GR McAlister, DL Hequet, E TI Analysis of sticky cotton by near-infrared spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectroscopy; cotton; stickiness AB "Stickiness" in cotton is a major problem affecting throughput in cotton gins and spinning mills alike. Stickiness is thought to be caused by the deposition of sugars by insects, principally aphid and whitefly, on the open boll. Fourier transform near-infrared (FTNIR) spectroscopy was used to develop models for sugar content from high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermodetector, and mini-card data. A total of 457 cotton samples were selected to represent both Upland and Pima varieties and cotton processing before and after ginning. The Unscrambler was used to develop the models. A successful model was made to determine the mini-card value and successfully detect "stickiness". The standard error of cross-validation (SECv) was 0.26 with an R-2 of 0.96. The model was not improved by increasing the range of "stickiness" as measured by the mini-card from the usual 0-3 scale to a scale of 0-8. If a value is determined to be greater than 1 it will be difficult to blend bales at a spinning plant "opening line" to allow for maximum efficiency of spinning. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Int Text Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79408 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RI Hequet, Eric/A-9802-2008 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1388 EP 1392 DI 10.1366/000370205774783214 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 986HR UT WOS:000233441200013 PM 16316517 ER PT J AU Park, Y Aliza, ARN Stanley, D AF Park, Y Aliza, ARN Stanley, D TI A secretory PLA(2) associated with tobacco hornworm hemocyte membrane preparations acts in cellular immune reactions SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We report on a secretary phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) associated with membrane-enriched fractions prepared from hemocytes of the tobacco hornworms, Monduca sexto. Virtually no PLA(7) activity was detected in serum of immunologically naive or bacterially challenged hornworms. PLA(2) activity was detected in cytosolic and membrane-enriched fractions prepared from hemocytes. PLA2 activity in the cytosolic fraction (1.2 pmol/mg/h) was approximately 4-fold greater than in the membrane-enriched fraction. The cytosol-associated PLA(2) activity was strongly inhibited in reactions conducted in the presence of the specific cytosolic PLA(2) inhibitor methylarachiconyl fluorophosphate (MAFP) but not in the presence of the sPLA(2) inhibitor p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB). Conversely, the membrane-associated PLA(2) activity was inhibited in reactions conducted in the presence of BPB but not in the presence of MAFP. While the cytosol-associated PLA(2) was independent of calcium, the membrane-associated sPLA(2) required calcium for full catalytic activity. Hornworms treated with either BPB, MAR or the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone were severely impaired (by 50 to 80% relative to controls) in their ability to form nodules in reaction to bacterial challenge. However, the immune-impairing influence of the inhibitors was reversed by treating larvae with arachiconic acid, a precursor for eicosanoid biosynthesis. We infer that the biological significance of the sPLA(2) (as well as the previously characterized cytosolic PLA(2)) relates to hydrolysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids from cellular phospholipids. Moreover, this enzyme may be the target of immunity-impairing factors from the bacterium Xenorhobdus nemotophila. The fatty acids serve as precursors for the generation of eicosonoids responsible for mediating and coordinating cellular immune reactions to infection. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1530 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1002/arch.20086 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 981CD UT WOS:000233063900001 PM 16235259 ER PT J AU Kile, JC Fleischauer, AT Beard, B Kuehnert, MJ Kanwal, RS Pontones, P Messersmith, HJ Teclaw, R Karem, KL Braden, ZH Damon, I Khan, AS Fischer, M AF Kile, JC Fleischauer, AT Beard, B Kuehnert, MJ Kanwal, RS Pontones, P Messersmith, HJ Teclaw, R Karem, KL Braden, ZH Damon, I Khan, AS Fischer, M TI Transmission of monkeypox among persons exposed to infected prairie dogs in Indiana in 2003 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: To describe a cluster of human monkeypox cases associated with exposure to ill prairie dogs in a home child care. Design, Setting, Participants: We identified all persons exposed to 2 pet prairie dogs in County A, Indiana; performed active surveillance for symptomatic monkeypox infection; and evaluated the types of exposure that may have resulted in infection. For children who attended the child care where the animals were housed, we also measured the rate of seroconversion to monkeypox virus. Main Outcome Measures: Nine (13%) of 70 persons exposed to the prairie dogs reported signs and symptoms of monkeypox. Two (40%) of 5 symptomatic child care attendees reported direct contact with the prairie dogs. Two (13%) of 15 child care attendees evaluated tested positive for IgM antibodies against orthopoxvirus; both reported symptoms consistent with monkeypox. Results: The risk of symptomatic infection correlated with the time and intensity of animal exposure, which was 100% (4/4) among family members with extensive direct contact, 19% (5/26) among the veterinarian and nonfamily child care attendees with moderate exposure, and 0% (0/40) among school children with limited exposure (P<.01). Conclusions: Monkeypox virus was transmitted from ill prairie dogs in a child care and veterinary facilities. The risk of symptomatic infection correlated with the amount of exposure to the prairie dogs. Although most cases of human monkeypox were associated with direct animal contact, other routes of transmission cannot be excluded. C1 USDA, Tech Assistance & Correlat Div, Tech Serv Ctr,Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program & Employee Dev, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Informat & Policy Commiss, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Kile, JC (reprint author), USDA, Tech Assistance & Correlat Div, Tech Serv Ctr,Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program & Employee Dev, Suite 300,1299 Farnam St, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. EM james.kile@fsis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 159 IS 11 BP 1022 EP 1025 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.11.1022 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 980XK UT WOS:000233051300005 PM 16275790 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Wisler, GC Anchieta, AG Liu, HY Karasev, AV Tzanetakis, IE AF Wintermantel, WM Wisler, GC Anchieta, AG Liu, HY Karasev, AV Tzanetakis, IE TI The complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of tomato chlorosis virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; STUNTING-DISORDER-VIRUS; CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; MINOR COAT PROTEIN; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; GENUS CRINIVIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HSP70 HOMOLOG; BIPARTITE CLOSTEROVIRUS AB The crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) was discovered initially in diseased tomato and has since been identified as a serious problem for tomato production in many parts of the world, particularly in the United States, Europe and Southeast Asia. The complete nucleotide sequence of ToCV was determined and compared with related crinivirus species. RNA 1 is organized into four open reading frames (ORFs), and encodes proteins involved in replication, based on homology to other viral replication factors. RNA 2 is composed of nine ORFs including genes that encode a HSP70 homolog and two proteins involved in encapsidation of viral RNA, referred to as the coat protein and minor coat protein. Sequence homology between ToCV and other criniviruses varies throughout the viral genome. The minor coat protein (CPm) of ToCV, which forms part of the "rattlesnake tail" of virions and may be involved in determining the unique, broad vector transmissibility of ToCV, is larger than the CPm of lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) by 217 amino acids. Among sequenced criniviruses, considerable variability exists in the size of some viral proteins. Analysis of these differences with respect to biological function may provide insight into the role crinivirus proteins play in virus infection and transmission. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Doylestown, PA USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM wwintermantel@pw.ars.usda.gov RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 45 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 150 IS 11 BP 2287 EP 2298 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0571-4 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 974WX UT WOS:000232623200007 PM 16003497 ER PT J AU Musselman, RC Massman, WJ Frank, JM Korfmacher, JL AF Musselman, RC Massman, WJ Frank, JM Korfmacher, JL TI The temporal dynamics of carbon dioxide under snow in a high elevation rocky mountain subalpine forest and meadow SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; CO2 FLUX; FIELD RESPONSES; ARCTIC TUNDRA; WINTER; SOIL; N2O; CH4; EFFLUX; WATER AB Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration under snow was examined through two winter seasons at a 3100 in elevation subalpine site in the Snowy Range of Wyoming. CO(2) was monitored every half hour at the soil/snow interface, and at about -25 cm soil depth the second year, in a meadow and in an adjacent forest. CO(2) under snow ill the meadow was significantly higher than that ill the forest. CO(2) at -25 cm depth in the soil was significantly higher than soil surface CO(2). The CO(2) under snow increased rapidly as snow melted and snowmelt began in the spring. CO(2) concentration under snow depended primarily oil amount occurring during the previous 24 or 48 h. However, CO(2) concentration was related to snow depth and soil temperature, and indirectly to several seasonal environmental factors, especially solar radiation. Solar radiation, snow depth, and CO(2) under snow all increase concurrently as the winter season progresses. CO(2) flux was consistently higher in the meadow than in the forest and increased in late winter for both sites. Snow covered subalpine meadows and forests contribute considerable amounts of CO(2) to the atmosphere in the winter. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Musselman, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM musselman@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 527 EP 538 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0527:TTDOCD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 990QH UT WOS:000233757800014 ER PT J AU Leland, JE McGuire, MR Grace, JA Jaronski, ST Ulloa, M Park, YH Plattner, RD AF Leland, JE McGuire, MR Grace, JA Jaronski, ST Ulloa, M Park, YH Plattner, RD TI Strain selection of a fungal entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana, for control of plant bugs (Lygus spp.) (Heteroptera : Miridae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Lygus lineolaris; Lygus hesperus; tarnished plant bug; western tarnished plant bug; microbial control ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; LINEOLARIS HEMIPTERA; HESPERUS HEMIPTERA; POPULATIONS; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; PATHOGENICITY; DELTA AB Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) isolates from Lygus hesperus (Knight) and Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) are being evaluated as potential microbial control candidates for both Lygus species. Based on previous work with a large collection of isolates from both Lygus species, eight isolates were evaluated for characteristics relevant to mycoinsecticide development. These characteristics included pathogenicity to the two Lygus spp., in vitro conidia production, temperature growth optima, tolerance to solar radiation, and production of beauvericin. Comparisons were made with a commercial isolate (GHA). Isolates from L. hesperus and L. lineolaris were more pathogenic than GHA with many being more than an order of magnitude more pathogenic based on LC50 values. All isolates from L. hesperus and two from L. lineolaris grew faster at 32 degrees C than GHA. The isolates selected from L. hesperus were the most tolerant to exposure to simulated solar radiation. Isolates from L. lineolaris and L. hesperus were most closely related to other isolates from their same host species and all of these isolates were only distantly related to GHA. Interestingly, one isolate from L. lineolaris in Mississippi was more closely related to an isolate from L. lineolaris in Arkansas than to other isolates from L. lineolaris from the same county in Mississippi. Optimizing conidia production conditions for a select isolate may be necessary for practical development of a select isolate from Lygus spp. as a commercial mycoinsecticide. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, ARS, Shafter Res & Extens Ctr, Shafter, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Crop Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Leland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jleland@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.06.005 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 978IB UT WOS:000232865700002 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Ordung, KM AF Wheeler, GS Ordung, KM TI Secondary metabolite variation affects the oviposition preference but has little effect on the performance of Boreioglycaspis melaleucae: A biological control agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE carbon/nutrient hypothesis; insect nutrition; plant quality; secondary metabolites; terpenoids ID OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; CARBON-NUTRIENT BALANCE; HOST-RANGE; BIOCONTROL AGENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; MYRTACEAE; PSYLLIDAE; INSECTS; CURCULIONIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB Variation in plant quality frequently impacts the biology of herbivorous insects. This variability can affect the outcome of biological control projects.. especially during colonization of incipient populations and mass production. The invasive species Melaleuca quinquenervia is a weed of Florida that decreases biodiversity of natural areas. At least two chemical variants of M. quinquenervia occur in Florida, each differing in their foliar terpenoid profiles dominated by either viridiflorol or E-nerolidol. Biological control efforts against this weed resulted in the introduction of two insect species. The second agent released was a psyllid, Boreioglycaspis melaleucae. Described herein are results describing changes in the levels of secondary metabolites from plants of each chemotype when fertilized at three levels. Additionally, the results of psyllid feeding studies are presented describing the influence of these factors on the performance and oviposition choice. The results indicate that despite generally lower nitrogen content and increased secondary metabolite concentration in the viridiflorol chemotype, little change in psyllid biology was observed when fed leaves of this chemotype. Chemotype differences primarily influenced oviposition preference, where more than twice the number of eggs were laid on the viridiflorol chemotype. Nymphal development time was also delayed 0.7-day when fed leaves of the viridiflorol chemotype. Regardless of chemotype, nymphal survival increased, and development time decreased when fed leaves from the higher fertilizer level. The difference in susceptibility between the psyllid B. melaleucae and the weevil Oxyops vitiosa may be explained by differences in feeding behavior, whereby the psyllid feeds selectively inside leaves and avoids secondary metabolites stored in oil glands. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Florida, USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.07.006 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 978IB UT WOS:000232865700003 ER PT J AU Alston, DG Rangel, DEN Lacey, LA Golez, HG Kim, JJ Roberts, DW AF Alston, DG Rangel, DEN Lacey, LA Golez, HG Kim, JJ Roberts, DW TI Evaluation of novel fungal and nematode isolates for control of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) larvae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; entomopathogens; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; irradiation; Metarhizium anisopliae; mutation; plum curculio; Steinernema feltiae; virulence ID PLUM CURCULIO; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; STEINERNEMATID NEMATODES; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENICITY; VARIABILITY; GERMINATION; MORTALITY AB The primary objective was to identify potential nematode and fungus pathogens for control of plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) larvae. Initial bioassays were conducted in the laboratory. Seventeen isolates (13 wild-types and four color mutants) of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae were screened. Seven of the isolates were highly virulent for plum curculio larvae (LT50=4.0-5.4 days at a concentration of 10(7) conidia ml(-1)). Of these isolates, four were color mutants induced by UV-B irradiation exposure (DWR 180, 145, 142, and 62), and three of these showed significantly higher virulence than their parental wild-types (ARSEF 2575 and 23). The most virulent wild-type was the isolate ARSEF 1187. Surprisingly, higher virulence was not correlated with higher conidial adhesion to the cuticle of plum curculio larvae. A Utah-collected isolate of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was as effective as a commercial strain of Steinernema feltiae in killing plum curculio larvae in laboratory bioassays. Larval mortality ranged from 21 to 89% at inoculum concentrations of 0.125 to 4.0 x 10(6) infective juveniles (IJs) per m(-2). A diapausing (northern) population of plum curculio was less susceptible to S. feltiae (LC50 = 8.6 x 10(5) IJs m(-2)) than a non-diapausing (southern) population (LC50 = 3.6 x 10(5) IJs m(-2)). A time delay in adding plum curculio larvae to sterilized soil treated with S. feltiae significantly reduced insect mortality after 2 days and reduced mortality below 50% after a delay of 7 days. In field tests, S. feltiae killed 22-39% of northern plum curculio larvae at concentrations of 0.5-2.0 x 106 IJs m(-2). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Natl Mango Res & Dev Ctr, Bur Plant Ind, Jordan 5045, Guimaras, Philippines. Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, RDA, Suwon 441707, South Korea. RP Alston, DG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM dianea@biology.usu.edu RI Rangel, Drauzio/C-2711-2012; Roberts, Donald/B-6649-2014 OI Rangel, Drauzio/0000-0001-7188-100X; NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.06.011 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 978IB UT WOS:000232865700008 ER PT J AU Anderson, LWJ AF Anderson, LWJ TI California's reaction to Caulerpa taxifolia: A model for invasive species rapid response SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE algae; aquatic weed; California; Caulerpa; eelgrass; eradication; invasive species; rapid response; SCCAT ID KILLER ALGAE AB The invasive marine alga Caulerpa taxifolia was discovered June 12, 2000, in California at Agua Hedionda Lagoon. Due to a 15-year history of spread in the Mediterranean Sea, C. taxifolia had already been placed on the US Federal Noxious Weed list in 1999. Awareness of this threat greatly facilitated consensus building and setting clear eradication goals among a large number of state, federal and local agencies as well as private groups and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that became the 'Southern California Caulerpa Action Team' (SCCAT). Field containment and treatments began 17 days after the discovery due to: (1) timely identification and notification of the infestation; (2) the proactive staff of the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board who deemed this invasion tantamount to an 'oil spill', thus freeing up emergency funding; (3) the mobilization of diver crews already working at the site. Three well-integrated components of this rapid response have resulted in an effective eradication program: (a) expertise and knowledge on the biology of C. taxifolia; (b) knowledge on the uses, 'ownership' and characteristics of the infested site; (c) knowledge and experience in the implementation of aquatic plant eradication. Together, with the requisite resources (approximately $US1.2 million per year), this approach has resulted in containment, treatment and excellent progress toward eradication of C. taxifolia. Successful rapid response to other aquatic invasive species will require similar readiness to act, and immediate access to adequate funding. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS Exot & Invas Weed Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, LWJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS Exot & Invas Weed Res, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lwanderson@ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 8 U2 171 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2005 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1003 EP 1016 DI 10.1007/s10530-004-3123-z PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980RI UT WOS:000233035500011 ER PT J AU Fansler, SJ Smith, JL Bolton, H Bailey, VL AF Fansler, SJ Smith, JL Bolton, H Bailey, VL TI Distribution of two C cycle enzymes in soil aggregates of a prairie chronosequence SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE enzyme; soil structure; wet sieving; microbial community function; chronosequence ID BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; CARBON; DYNAMICS; SEQUESTRATION; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Knowledge of the cycling and compartmentalization of soil C that influence C storage may lead to the development of strategies to increase soil C storage potentials. The objective of this study was to use soil hydrolases and soil aggregate fractionation to explore the relationship between C cycling activity and soil aggregate structure. The prairie chronosequence soils were native prairie (NP) and agricultural (AG) and tallgrass prairies restored from agriculture in 1979 (RP-79) and 1993 (RP-93). Assays for beta-glucosidase ( E. C. 3.2.1.21) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase, EC 3.2.1.30) activities were conducted on four aggregate size fractions (> 2 mm, 1 - 2 mm, 250 mu m - 1 mm, and 2 - 250 mu m) from each soil. There were significantly greater amounts of > 2- mm aggregates in the RP-79 and RP-93 soils compared to the NP and AG soils due to rapid C accumulation from native plant establishment. Activities for both enzymes (mu g PNP g(-1) soil h(-1)) were greatest in the microaggregate ( 2 - 250 mu m) compared to the macroaggregate (> 2 mm) fraction; however, microaggregates are a small proportion of each soil (< 12%) compared to the macroaggregates (similar to 75%). The RP soils have a hierarchical aggregate system with most of the enzyme activity in the largest aggregate fractions. The NP and AG soils show no hierarchical structure based on aggregate C accretion and significant C enzyme activity in smaller aggregates. The distribution of enzyme activity may play a role in the storage of C whereby the aggrading restored soils may be more susceptible to C loss during turnover of macroaggregates compared to the AG and NP soils with less macroaggregates. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jlsmith@mail.wsu.edu RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD NOV PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0867-2 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 970AL UT WOS:000232277500003 ER PT J AU Mungai, NW Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ Nelson, KA AF Mungai, NW Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ Nelson, KA TI Spatial variation of soil enzyme activities and microbial functional diversity in temperate alley cropping systems SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE beta-glucosidase; fluorescein diacetate; biolog; temperate alley cropping; microbial diversity ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; BIOMASS; RESPIRATION; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; USA AB Spatially dependent patterns in microbial properties may exist in temperate alley cropping systems due to differences in litter quality and microclimate in areas under trees compared to those in the alleys. The effect of tree row location was evaluated for its impact on soil enzyme activities and Biolog substrate use patterns. Soils were sampled to a depth of 30 cm at the tree row and at the middle of the alley at two sites: a 21-year-old pecan (Carya illinoinensis)/bluegrass (Poa trivials) intercrop (Pecan site) and a 12-year-old silver maple (Acer saccharinum)/soybean (Glycine max)-maize (Zea mays) rotation (Maple site). Sampling was done in fall 2001 and summer 2002. beta-Glucosidase activities, Biolog patterns expressed as average well color (AWC), substrate richness, and Shannon diversity index, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the tree row than at the middle of the alley for surface soils at the Pecan site. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity was also higher at the tree row for soils sampled in the fall, but did not differ significantly for soils sampled in the summer. At the Maple site, AWC and substrate richness were significantly higher at the tree row for soils sampled in 2001. Soil volumetric water content and temperature were generally lower in the tree row at the Maple site. The results of this study suggest that functionally different microbial populations may be present under pecan trees compared to cropped alleys which may promote disparities in nutrient availability necessitating differential long-term nutrient management in such alley cropping systems. C1 Egerton Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Njoro, Kenya. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Greenley Mem Res Ctr, Novelty, MO 63460 USA. RP Mungai, NW (reprint author), Egerton Univ, Dept Soil Sci, POB 536, Njoro, Kenya. EM mungain03@yahoo.com RI yang, lixia/D-7815-2011 NR 24 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD NOV PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0005-1 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 977YZ UT WOS:000232840700006 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Vadas, PA Smith, DR DeLaune, PB Moore, PA AF Haggard, BE Vadas, PA Smith, DR DeLaune, PB Moore, PA TI Effect of poultry litter to water ratios on extractable phosphorus content and its relation to runoff phosphorus concentrations SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MANURE PHOSPHORUS; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; SWINE MANURE; AMENDMENTS; SOIL; RAINFALL AB Source factors with regard to phosphorus (P) loss in runoff waters are often soil test P and P content of fertilisers applied. More recently, water extractable P (WEP) fractions in fertilisers and animal manure have been the focus of many field and plot-scale studies. This study evaluated changes in the WEP content of six poultry litters by varying the extraction ratio from 1:10 (20g fresh poultry litter to 200 ml water) to 1:200 (I g fresh poultry litter to 200 ml water), and also the relation between WEP content determined at these different ratios and P concentrations in runoff water collected during rainfall simulations. Six different poultry litters were surface-applied at equivalent total P (TP) application rates (similar to 67 kg [TP] ha(-1)) to 1.52 by 6.10 in grass plots on a 5% slope which received artificial rainfall at 5 cm h(-1) until 30 min of continuous runoff was observed. Four plots were used per treatment including four control plots (no poultry litter application). Water-extractable P content of the various poultry litters increased with a decrease in the amount of poultry litter used in the extraction, i.e. from an extraction ratio of 1:10 to 1:200. However, these results also suggest that the 1:10 extraction ratio may extract different fractions of WEP compared to the 1:200 extraction ratio, and that some variability in dry weight extraction ratios existed when using fresh poultry litter. Waterextractable P application rates were positively correlated to P concentrations in runoff waters from the small plots. This study reaffirmed the importance of WEP content of poultry litter when determining the potential for P loss in surface runoff but demonstrated differences in the relation between runoff soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations and WEP application rates related to the runoff to rainfall ratio. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Silsoe Research Institute C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM haggard@uark.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 92 IS 3 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.07.007 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 980OM UT WOS:000233027800013 ER PT J AU Kaput, J Ordovas, JM Ferguson, L van Ommen, B Rodriguez, RL Allen, L Ames, BN Dawson, K German, B Krauss, R Malyj, W Archer, MC Barnes, S Bartholomew, A Birk, R van Bladeren, P Bradford, KJ Brown, KH Caetano, R Castle, D Chadwick, R Clarke, S Clement, K Cooney, CA Corella, D da Cruz, IBM Daniel, H Duster, T Ebbesson, SOE Elliott, R Fairweather-Tait, S Felton, J Fenech, M Finley, JW Fogg-Johnson, N Gill-Garrison, R Gibney, MJ Gillies, PJ Gustafsson, JA Hartmann, JL He, L Hwang, JK Jais, JP Jang, YS Joost, H Junien, C Kanter, M Kibbe, WA Koletzko, B Korf, BR Kornman, K Krempin, DW Langin, D Lauren, DR Lee, JH Leveille, GA Lin, SJ Mathers, J Mayne, M McNabb, W Milner, JA Morgan, P Muller, M Nikolsky, Y van der Ouderaa, F Park, T Pensel, N Perez-Jimenez, F Poutanen, K Roberts, M Saris, WHM Schuster, G Shelling, AN Simopoulos, AP Southon, S Tai, ES Towne, B Trayhurn, P Uauy, R Visek, WJ Warden, C Weiss, R Wiencke, J Winkler, J Wolff, GL Xi, ZW Zucker, JD AF Kaput, J Ordovas, JM Ferguson, L van Ommen, B Rodriguez, RL Allen, L Ames, BN Dawson, K German, B Krauss, R Malyj, W Archer, MC Barnes, S Bartholomew, A Birk, R van Bladeren, P Bradford, KJ Brown, KH Caetano, R Castle, D Chadwick, R Clarke, S Clement, K Cooney, CA Corella, D da Cruz, IBM Daniel, H Duster, T Ebbesson, SOE Elliott, R Fairweather-Tait, S Felton, J Fenech, M Finley, JW Fogg-Johnson, N Gill-Garrison, R Gibney, MJ Gillies, PJ Gustafsson, JA Hartmann, JL He, L Hwang, JK Jais, JP Jang, YS Joost, H Junien, C Kanter, M Kibbe, WA Koletzko, B Korf, BR Kornman, K Krempin, DW Langin, D Lauren, DR Lee, JH Leveille, GA Lin, SJ Mathers, J Mayne, M McNabb, W Milner, JA Morgan, P Muller, M Nikolsky, Y van der Ouderaa, F Park, T Pensel, N Perez-Jimenez, F Poutanen, K Roberts, M Saris, WHM Schuster, G Shelling, AN Simopoulos, AP Southon, S Tai, ES Towne, B Trayhurn, P Uauy, R Visek, WJ Warden, C Weiss, R Wiencke, J Winkler, J Wolff, GL Xi, ZW Zucker, JD TI The case for strategic international alliances to harness nutritional genomics for public and personal health SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE strategic international alliances; nutrigenomics; gene-nutrient interactions; health diaparities ID DIABETES-RELATED TRAITS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION; COMPLEX DISEASES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; HAPMAP PROJECT; MESSENGER-RNA; DIETARY FIBER AB Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene-nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient-genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an increase in global health and wellness by reducing health disparities in developed and developing countries. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Excellence Nutr Genom, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Auckland, Natl Ctr Res Excellence Nutrigenom, Auckland 1, New Zealand. TNO Qual Life, NuGO, Zeist, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Univ Alabama Ctr Nutrient Gene Interact, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Lab Nutrigenom Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Nestec Ltd, Nestle Res Ctr, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Calif Davis, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Program Int Nutr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Reg Noroeste Estado Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Hlth Sci, Bairro Sao Geraldo Ijui, RS, Brazil. 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Life Sci Alliance, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. Sciona Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Trinity Coll Dublin, NuGO, Nutr Unit, Dept Clin Med, Dublin, Ireland. DuPont Nutr & Hlth, Human Hlth Sci, Newark, DE USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Excellence Nutrigenom, University Pk, PA USA. Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Med Nutr, Ctr Biotechnol, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Nutr Sci, SIBS, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. Yonsei Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Paris 05, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Paris, France. Yonsei Univ, Dept Internal Med, Seoul 120749, South Korea. German Inst Human Nutr, NuGO, Potsdam, Germany. Clin M Lamy, Dept Genet, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, F-75743 Paris, France. Cargill Inc, Wayzata, MN 55305 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Genet Med, Ctr Funct Genom,Robert Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Munich, Dr Von Hauner Childrens Hosp, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Interleukin Genet Inc, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. Nutrilite Div Access Business Grp LLC, Buena Pk, CA 90622 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Obes Res Unit, Inst Louis Bugnard, French Inst Hlth & Med Res,INSERM,Toulouse Univ H, F-31059 Toulouse, France. HortRes Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Food Syst Design, Denville, NJ 07834 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol, Div Biol Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Newcastle, Human Nutr Res Ctr, NuGO, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Nutrisci & Hlth, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada. AgResearch, Grassland Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Rowett Res, Aberystwyth AB21 9SB, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen Ctr Food Sci & Nutr, NuGO Dutch Innovat Cluster Nutrigenom, Wageningen, Netherlands. GeneGo Inc, St Joseph, MI 49085 USA. Unilever Corp Res, Sharnbrook MK44 1PY, Beds, England. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Inst Tecnol Alimentos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. Univ Kuopio, Food & Hlth Res Ctr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Purina Nestle, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Maastricht, NuGO Nutr & Toxicol Res Inst NUTRIM, Maastricht, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Auckland, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Ctr Genet Nutr & Hlth, Washington, DC 20009 USA. NuGO Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. Univ Liverpool, Sch Clin Sci, Liverpool Ctr Nutr Genom, Obes Biol Unit, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Tecnol Alimentos, Santiago 11, Chile. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Biol Sci, Neurobiol Physiol & Behav Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Viocare Technol Inc, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Neuroepidemiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Food & Hlth Res, London N1 7AB, England. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. BioMarker Pharmaceut Inc, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. Univ Paris 13, EPML CNRS APuces, LIM&BIO, F-93017 Bobigny, France. RP Kaput, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Excellence Nutr Genom, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jkaput@uic.edu RI ZUCKER, Jean-Daniel /K-3008-2016; JAIS, Jean-Philippe/B-2993-2009; Shelling, Andrew/E-7496-2010; Dawson, Kenneth A./L-2540-2016; Kibbe, Warren/B-2106-2010; Ferguson, Lynnette/F-5989-2011; Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; Muller, Michael/B-5795-2008; Fairweather-Tait, Susan/K-4251-2012; da Cruz, Ivana/G-4329-2012; Daniel, Hannelore/B-8982-2009; Joost, Hans-Georg/J-4462-2013; OI ZUCKER, Jean-Daniel /0000-0002-5597-7922; JAIS, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-0708-8776; Dawson, Kenneth A./0000-0002-0568-6588; Kibbe, Warren/0000-0001-5622-7659; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Muller, Michael/0000-0002-5930-9905; da Cruz, Ivana/0000-0003-3008-6899; Joost, Hans-Georg/0000-0002-5860-606X; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Mathers, John/0000-0003-3406-3002; Cooney, Craig/0000-0003-4279-557X; Langin, Dominique/0000-0002-2669-7825; Shelling, Andrew/0000-0002-5300-1934; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; McNabb, Warren/0000-0003-2514-6551; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776]; NIMHD NIH HHS [MD 00222] NR 83 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 94 IS 5 BP 623 EP 632 DI 10.1079/BJN20051585 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 981NZ UT WOS:000233096600002 PM 16277761 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Bischoff, KM Ziprin, RL Poole, TL Nisbet, DJ AF Beier, RC Bischoff, KM Ziprin, RL Poole, TL Nisbet, DJ TI Chlorhexidine susceptibility, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli isolated from neonatal swine with diarrhea SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SURGICAL SCRUB; ANTISEPTICS; DISINFECTANTS; BIOCIDES; OUTBREAK; CHLORIDE; INVITRO C1 So Plains Agr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Beier, RC (reprint author), So Plains Agr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75 IS 5 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1007/s00128-005-0826-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 982NK UT WOS:000233168700001 PM 16400568 ER PT J AU Magowski, WL AF Magowski, WL TI Giselia arizonica, a new genus and species of mite (Acari : Tarsonemidae) associated with bark beetles of the genus Pseudopityophthorus (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in North America SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB A new genus and species of the mite family Tarsonemidae, subfamily Tarsoneminae, is described and illustrated. Its systematic position among genera of Tarsoneminae and its host association with bark beetles of the genus Pseudopityophthorus Swaine, 1918 in North America are briefly discussed. C1 Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Anim Taxonomy & Ecol, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Biodivers Theme, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Magowski, WL (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Anim Taxonomy & Ecol, Umultowska 89, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. EM magowski@amu.edu.pl NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 137 IS 6 BP 648 EP 656 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 000KB UT WOS:000234459300002 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Light, DM AF Knight, AL Light, DM TI Timing of egg hatch by early-season codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) predicted by moth catch in pear ester- and codlemone-baited traps SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID APPLE ORCHARDS; ETHYL (E; FLIGHT; POMONELLA; Z)-2,4-DECADIENOATE; OLETHREUTIDAE; CAPTURE; MODELS AB The use of the timing of moth catch in traps to predict the start of egg hatch by first-generation codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), was evaluated with ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) lures. Two sets of paired traps baited with either lure were placed in each of seven orchards and checked daily during the spring flight in 2000 and 2001. Rearing of field-collected eggs and sampling of fruit for injury were used to estimate the date of first egg hatch. Moth catch in traps baited with codlemone and pear ester occurred approximately 144 and 105 degree-days prior to the start of egg hatch, respectively. The effectiveness of using the timing of sustained moth catch in traps baited with these lures as a biological reference point (Biofix) to predict the start of egg hatch when traps were checked every 3-4 d was evaluated in I I orchards from 2000 to 2002. The calendar date for the start of sustained moth catch in traps baited with either lure varied widely among orchards and years. Significant differences in mean cumulative degree-days from first sustained moth catch until egg hatch were found among male moth catch in codlemone-baited traps and total and female moth catch in pear ester-baited traps. Adjusting the Biofix based on daily temperature thresholds significantly changed the cumulative degree-days required until egg hatch only for female moth catch. No significant differences were found in the accuracy of predicting the date of egg hatch using either the codlemone or pear ester lure or by. adjusting the Biofix date using daily temperature thresholds. The cumulative degree-day totals required from Biofix until ego hatch had the lowest variability when the Biofix was (i) based on the sustained catch of female moths in a pear ester-baited trap and (ii) adjusted with a temperature threshold for moth activity. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 137 IS 6 BP 728 EP 738 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 000KB UT WOS:000234459300010 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Light, DM AF Knight, AL Light, DM TI Developing action thresholds for codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) with pear ester- and codlemone-baited traps in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone mating disruption SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CYDIA-POMONELLA; OLETHREUTIDAE; CATCHES AB Traps baited with either ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) or (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) (Pherocon (R) CM-DA (TM) and Megalure CM (TM) lures, respectively) were used to develop action thresholds for codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.)) in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.; Rosaceae) orchards treated with sex pheromones for control of this pest. Studies were conducted in 102 orchards treated with 500-1000 ISOMATE (R)-C PLUS dispensers per hectare during 2000-2002. Pairs of traps were placed within two 1.0-ha plots within each orchard. Fruit injury was assessed at mid-season and prior to harvest in each plot. The numbers of female and total moths caught in pear ester-baited traps and male moths caught in codlemone-baited traps were used to develop action thresholds. Thresholds were based on the minimum cumulative number of moths per trap in >= 95% of traps in Unsprayed plots with no fruit injury. Specific thresholds were established for the first insecticide spray targeting the start of egg hatch and for the first and second moth flights. The proportion of plots with mid-season fruit injury that had cumulative moth catches below the action threshold at first spray and at second moth flight was determined using the established action threshold and thresholds reduced incrementally to >= 1 moth per trap. Moth catches below the threshold at first spray were less common in plots with high levels of fruit injury (> 0.3%) than in plots with low levels of fruit injury and more common with codlemone-baited traps than with pear ester-baited traps. An action threshold of >= 1 moth in a pear ester-baited trap at first spray eliminated the error in predicting fruit injury in plots at midseason. Conversely, a high proportion of traps baited with either lure failed to predict low levels of fruit injury at harvest in unsprayed plots regardless of the cumulative moth threshold used during the second moth flight. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 137 IS 6 BP 739 EP 747 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 000KB UT WOS:000234459300011 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Borys, RR Dabney, CP McKelvey, SR Cluck, DR Smith, SL AF Fettig, CJ Borys, RR Dabney, CP McKelvey, SR Cluck, DR Smith, SL TI Disruption of red turpentine beetle attraction to baited traps by the addition of California fivespined ips pheromone components SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; HOST KAIROMONES; BARK BEETLES; SCOLYTIDAE; PARACONFUSUS; VERBENONE; PINE AB The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonits valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a common bark beetle species found throughout much of North America. In California, D. valens and the California fivespined ips, Ips paraconfusus Lanier (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), are sympatric and often colonize the same tree. In an unrelated study, we observed that I. paraconfusus attack densities in logging debris were inversely related to D. valens attacks on freshly cut stumps. In this study, we test the hypothesis that allomonal inhibition occurs between these two species. Components of the aggregation pheromone of I. paraconfusus (racemic ipsenol, (+)-ipsdienol, and (-)-cis-verbenol) inhibited the response of D. valens to attractant-baited traps. Substitution of racemic ipsdienol for (+)-ipsdienol did not alter this effect. Doubling the release rate did not enhance inhibition. Racemic ipsdienol was not attractive to L paraconfusus. Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim, 1843) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator, was attracted to the I. paraconfusus aggregation pheromone. These results could have important implications for the development of an effective semiochemical-based management tool for D. valens. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 137 IS 6 BP 748 EP 752 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 000KB UT WOS:000234459300012 ER PT J AU Shanower, TG AF Shanower, TG TI Occurrence of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) and its parasitoid, Macroglenes penetrans (Hymenoptera : Platygasteridae), in northeastern Montana SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID WHEAT MIDGE; GEHIN DIPTERA; SPRING WHEAT AB The wheat midge, Sitodiolosis Inosellana (Gehin), is an infrequent but devastating pest that has been present in western North America for at least 100 years. This note provides the first published report of the presence of the wheat midge and its parasitoid, Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby), in Montana. Annual surveys were conducted in Daniels, Roosevelt, Sheridan, and Valley counties of northeastern Montana for 5 years (2000-2004) using a systematic soil sampling method to collect overwintering wheat midge larvae. In addition, in 2004, infested wheat heads were collected from 10 fields in Sheridan County, and wheat midges and parasitoids were reared. The wheat midge occurred in all four counties, though at relatively low levels. Densities fluctuated across years and locations, with the highest densities (> 200 midge larvae/m(2)) occurring in Sheridan and Roosevelt counties. Macroglenes penetrans was found at all 10 sample sites and constituted up to 52% of the emerged adults (midges + parasitoids). C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Shanower, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM tshanower@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 137 IS 6 BP 753 EP 755 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 000KB UT WOS:000234459300013 ER PT J AU Cervantes-Martinez, T Horner, HT Palmer, RG Hymowitz, T Brown, AHD AF Cervantes-Martinez, T Horner, HT Palmer, RG Hymowitz, T Brown, AHD TI Calcium oxalate crystal macropatterns in leaves of species from groups Glycine and Shuteria (Glycininae; Phaseoleae; Papilionoideae; Fabaceae) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE calcium oxalate; Fabaceae; Glycine; group Glycine; group Shuteria; leaf crystals ID L-ASCORBIC-ACID; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DEVELOPING SEEDS; OXALIC-ACID; LEGUMINOSAE; SEQUENCES; ROSACEAE; PRUNUS; DNA; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Calcium oxalate crystal macropatterns in leaves were characterized for 69 species (and two Glycine tomentella cytotypes) from 14 of 16 genera in two legume groups, Glycine and Shuteria, to determine whether they share a common macropattern. A leaf clearing method was used to visualize the crystals. All 69 species (and two Glycine tomentella cytotypes) displayed prismatic crystals associated with leaf veins and vein endings. In contrast, mesophyll crystals occurred in 76.8% of 69 species and two G. tomentella cytotypes, and varied from a few to many. Conversely, only 40.9% of 22 Glycine species (in group Glycine) lacked mesophyll crystals, while 8.7% of 23 species of six genera associated with Glycine (in group Glycine) lacked mesophyll crystals. Thus 24.4% of 45 species of seven combined genera in group Glycine lacked mesophyll crystals. With seven genera in group Shuteria, 20.8% of 24 species lacked mesophyll crystals. The consistently present vein crystals varied in size and shape, so their length-width (Stubby versus Long) crystal ratios were determined for primary, secondary, and tertiary veins, and vein endings. Two trends were evident: Long-crystal ratios increased from primary veins to vein endings in species in both groups, and the perennial and annual Glycine species showed this condition to a greater extent than all the non-Glycine species. In some cases, taxonomically closely associated species were quite similar in their macropattern and presence or absence of mesophyll crystals. These results should be of value to future studies dealing with taxonomy and phylogeny of species in these two leguminous groups. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIRO, Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Horner, HT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hth@iastate.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1410 EP 1421 DI 10.1139/b05-119 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 038ES UT WOS:000237202200006 ER PT J AU Calkin, DE Hummel, SS Agee, JK AF Calkin, DE Hummel, SS Agee, JK TI Modeling trade-offs between fire threat reduction and late-seral forest structure SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; MANAGEMENT; CASCADES; SLOPE; COST; USA AB Evaluating the effects of managing for one forest resource in terms of associated impacts on other resources is not easy. Yet methods to identify potential trade-offs among forest resources are necessary to inform people about the implications of management options on public land. This paper uses a case study from a forest reserve in the northwestern United States to quantify trade-offs between fire threat (FT) and late-seral forest (LSF) structure at stand and landscape levels. Simulation of forest dynamics was done with and without silvicultural treatments. A landscape optimization algorithm maximized FT reduction subject to constraints on amount of LSF structure and total area treated. Results suggest that compatibility between the two objectives is possible at the landscape level when LSF structure is about 45% or less of the total reserve area. Conflict can exist between them at the stand level and when more area is required to be in LSF structure in the reserve landscape. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rockt Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Calkin, DE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rockt Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM decalkin@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2562 EP 2574 DI 10.1139/X05-177 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003AC UT WOS:000234653000004 ER PT J AU Amacher, GS Malik, AS Haight, RG AF Amacher, GS Malik, AS Haight, RG TI Forest landowner decisions and the value of information under fire risk SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; STAND AB We estimate the value of three types of information about fire risk to a nonindustrial forest landowner: the relationship between fire arrival rates and stand age, the magnitude of fire arrival rates, and the efficacy of fuel reduction treatment. Our model incorporates planting density and the level and timing of fuel reduction treatment as landowner decisions. These factors affect, among other things, the loss a landowner incurs should fire arrive before harvesting. The value of information depends on the nature and combination of mistakes a landowner makes, the relationship between fire arrival and stand age, and on whether the landowner undertakes fuel treatment and values nontimber benefits. Information of various types is of most value to a landowner who does not undertake fuel treatment. The value of information about the magnitude of fire risk is also more than twice as high when the landowner underestimates fire risk, rather than overestimating it. For a landowner who undertakes fuel treatment but makes multiple mistakes, the asymmetry between overestimating and underestimating fire risk and efficacy of fuel reduction is even more pronounced. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Amacher, GS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gamacher@vt.edu NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2603 EP 2615 DI 10.1139/X05-143 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003AC UT WOS:000234653000007 ER PT J AU Keyser, TL Smith, FW Shepperd, WD AF Keyser, TL Smith, FW Shepperd, WD TI Trembling aspen response to a mixed-severity wildfire in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE; COLORADO; REGENERATION; PERSISTENCE; COMMUNITIES; SUCKERS; GROWTH AB Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) regeneration dynamics including sprout production, growth, and clone size were measured to determine the effects of fire on small aspen clone persistence following a mixed-severity wildfire in the Black Hills, South Dakota. Four years postfire, 10 small, isolated aspen clones per low and high fire severity classes were compared with 10 unburned clones. Regardless of severity, fire did not cause an increase in the area occupied by individual aspen clones. Clones affected by high severity fire had the greatest suckering response producing an average of 31 930 sprouts(.)ha(-1); more than double the sprout density in unburned clones and 67% greater than the sprout density in clones affected by low severity fire. Sprout growth in high severity clones was 135% and 60% greater than sprout growth in unburned and low severity clones. The succession of these clones to more shade-tolerant ponderosa pine was delayed in clones affected by high severity fire as high severity fire caused significant pine mortality within and surrounding the clone, whereas, without further disturbance, pine encroachment and dominance will likely continue in clones affected by low severity fire. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Keyser, TL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, 131 Forestry, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tkeyser@cnr.colostate.edu NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2679 EP 2684 DI 10.1139/X05-180 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003AC UT WOS:000234653000014 ER PT J AU Case, MJ Peterson, DL AF Case, MJ Peterson, DL TI Fine-scale variability in growth-climate relationships of Douglas-fir, North Cascade Range, Washington SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE FIR; HIGH-ELEVATION FORESTS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RADIAL GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; TREE GROWTH; OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; ABIES-LASIOCARPA; PATTERNS AB Information about the sensitivity to climate of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is valuable because it will allow forest managers to maximize growth, better understand how carbon sequestration may change over time, and better model and predict future ecosystem responses to climatic change. We examined the effects of climatic variability on the growth of Douglas-fir along an elevational gradient in the North Cascade Range, Washington (USA), at annual timescales during the 20th century. Multivariate analysis and correlation analysis were used to identify climate-growth relationships. Mid-elevation chronologies were negatively correlated with growing season maximum temperature and positively correlated with growing season precipitation. In contrast, high-elevation chronologies were positively correlated with annual temperatures and negatively correlated with previous-year winter Pacific Decadal Oscillation index. Projected increases in summer temperatures will likely cause greater soil moisture stress in many forested ecosystems. The potential of extended summer drought periods over decades may significantly alter spatial patterns of productivity, thus impacting carbon storage. It is likely that the productivity of Douglas-fir in the Cascade Range will decrease at sites with shallow, excessively drained soils, south- and west-facing aspects, and steep slopes and will increase at high-elevation sites. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Fire & Mt Ecol Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Case, MJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Fire & Mt Ecol Lab, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM michael.case@wwfus.org NR 74 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2743 EP 2755 DI 10.1139/X05-191 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003AC UT WOS:000234653000021 ER PT J AU Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD TI Lycopene supplementation prevents smoke-induced changes in p53, p53 phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in the gastric mucosa of ferrets. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 11 SU S BP 2734S EP 2735S PN 2 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 985BN UT WOS:000233351200221 ER PT J AU Shen, SR Xu, HP Kengeri, SS Bostwick, DG Cooley, DM Chiang, EC Chen, Y Schlittler, D Oteham, C Combs, GF Morris, JS Glickman, LT Waters, DJ AF Shen, SR Xu, HP Kengeri, SS Bostwick, DG Cooley, DM Chiang, EC Chen, Y Schlittler, D Oteham, C Combs, GF Morris, JS Glickman, LT Waters, DJ TI Response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to oxidative challenge: A simple test that predicts the extent of DNA damage within the aging prostate. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Gerald P Murphy Canc Fdn, W Lafayette, IN USA. Bostwick Labs, Richmond, VA USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 11 SU S BP 2746S EP 2747S PN 2 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 985BN UT WOS:000233351200269 ER PT J AU Counce, PA Bryant, RJ Bergman, CJ Bautista, RC Wang, YJ Siebenmorgen, TJ Moldenhauer, KAK Meullenet, JFC AF Counce, PA Bryant, RJ Bergman, CJ Bautista, RC Wang, YJ Siebenmorgen, TJ Moldenhauer, KAK Meullenet, JFC TI Rice milling quality, grain dimensions, and starch branching as affected by high night temperatures SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMYLOSE; MAIZE; BIOSYNTHESIS; AMYLOPECTIN; METABOLISM; YIELDS AB Important rice grain quality characteristics such as percentage of chalky rice kernels are affected by both high and low night temperatures and by different day and day/night temperature combinations. High nighttime temperatures have also been suspected of reducing rice milling quality including head rice yields. Experiments to confirm or refute this have not been reported. A controlled climate experiment was conducted. Conditions in the chambers were identical except between 2400 and 0500 hours (midnight and 5 am). For those times, two temperature treatments were imposed: 1) 18 degrees C (low temperature treatment) and 2) 24 degrees C (high temperature treatment). Two cultivars were tested: LaGrue and Cypress. The high temperature treatment reduced head rice yields compared with the low temperature treatment. Grain widths were reduced for the high temperature treatment compared with the low temperature treatment. There was no effect of temperature on grain length or thickness. Amylopectin chain lengths 13-24 were increased by the high temperature treatment by approximate to 1%. Future research will focus on determining whether genetic variability exists among cultivars in their head rice yield response to high temperatures. After identifying a source of resistance to high temperature effects, this characteristic can be incorporated into rice cultivars. In addition, ways to reduce this effect, including biotechnological remedies, have the potential for increasing rice yield and quality. C1 Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Counce, PA (reprint author), Rice Res & Extens Ctr, 2900 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM pcounce@uark.edu NR 14 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0645 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984VD UT WOS:000233331600005 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ TI Food amylose content affects postprandial glucose and insulin responses SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; RESISTANT STARCH; PARTICLE-SIZE; METABOLIC VARIABLES; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; DIETARY FIBER; AMYLOPECTIN STARCH; FLOUR; CARBOHYDRATE AB Beneficial reduction in glycemic response has been observed after consumption of some high-amylose foods. This study examined the effect of varying the moisture content and the particle size of the starch in a test food. Twelve men and 12 women consumed corn chips or corn muffins made with starch or starch plus cornmeal from standard corn (30% amylose, 70% amylopectin) or high amylose (70%) corn. Half of the subjects were hyperinsulinemic based on a prestudy glucose challenge. No gender differences were observed. The hyperinsulinemic subjects had significantly higher insulin and glucose responses and area under the curve as compared with the normal responders. Average glucose, insulin and glucagon were usually lower after muffins compared with chips or foods containing cornmeal. Insulin and glucose responses, but not glucagon, were significantly lower after the consumption of foods made with high-amylose compared with standard corn starch and in control versus hyperinsulinemic subjects. Average plasma glucose and insulin area under the curves after high-amylose foods were approximately half those after standard corn starch. The presence of cornmeal (increasing the particle size of the starch) had less effect on the response of glucose, insulin or glucagon than the type of starch or food consumed. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM behallk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0654 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984VD UT WOS:000233331600007 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Kays, SE Archibald, DD Barton, FE AF Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Kays, SE Archibald, DD Barton, FE TI NIR-FT/Raman spectroscopy for nutritional classification of cereal foods SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; TOTAL DIETARY FIBER; HIGH-SUGAR; PRODUCTS; PREDICTION; RAMAN; FAT AB The classification of cereals using near-infrared Fourier transform Raman (NIR-Fr/Raman) spectroscopy was accomplished. Cereal-based food samples (n = 120) were utilized in the study. Ground samples were scanned in low-iron NMR tubes with a 1064 nm (NIR) excitation laser using 500 mW of power. Raman scatter was collected using a Ge (LN2) detector over the Raman shift range of 202.45 similar to 3399.89 cm(-1). Samples were classified based on their primary nutritional components (total dietary fiber [TDF], fat, protein, and sugar) using principle component analysis (PCA) to extract the main information. Samples were classified according to high and low content of each component using the spectral variables. Both soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression based classification were investigated to determine which technique was the most appropriate. PCA results suggested that the classification of a target component is subject to interference by other components in cereal. The Raman shifts that were most responsible for classification of each component were 1600 similar to 1630 cm(-1) for TDF, 1440 and 2853 cm(-1) for fat, 2910 and 1660 cm-1 for protein, and 401 and 848 cm(-1) for sugar. The use of the selected spectral region (frequency region) for each component produced better results than the use of the entire region in both SIMCA and PLS-based classifications. PLS-based classification performed better than SIMCA for all four components, resulting in correct classification of samples 85 similar to 95% of the time. NIR-FT/Raman spectroscopy represents a rapid and reliable method by which to classify cereal foods based on their nutritional components. C1 USDA ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM msohn@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 660 EP 665 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0660 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984VD UT WOS:000233331600008 ER PT J AU Lenihan, E Pollak, L White, P AF Lenihan, E Pollak, L White, P TI Thermal properties of starch from exotic-by-adapted corn (Zea mays L.) lines grown in four environments SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE STARCH; ENDOSPERM STARCH; DEVELOPING WHEAT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; AMYLOSE CONTENT; 2 LOCATIONS; GRAIN; BARLEY; AMYLOPECTIN; SYNTHASE AB The effect of four growing environments (two at Ames, 1A; one at Clinton, IL; and one at Columbia, MO) on the thermal properties of starch from five exotic-by-adapted corn inbred lines (Chis37, Cuba34, Cuba38, Dk8, Dk10) and two control lines (B73 and Mo17) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The variations in thermal properties within environments were similar for the exotic-by-adapted lines and control lines. Missouri was the warmest environment and generally produced starch with the greatest gelatinization onset temperature (T-oG), the narrowest range of gelatinization (R-G), and the greatest enthalpy of gelatinization (Delta H-G). Illinois was the coolest environment and generally resulted in starch with the lowest T-oG, widest RG, and lowest Delta H-G. These differences were attributed to higher temperatures in Missouri during grain-filling months either increasing the amount of longer branches of amylopectin or perfecting amylopectin crystalline structure. The Ames 1 environment produced starch with thermal properties most similar to those of Illinois, whereas the Ames 2 environment produced starch with thermal properties most similar to those of Missouri. Ames 2, located near a river bottom where temperatures tend to be warmer, likely had temperatures most similar to those found in Missouri during grain filling. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP White, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 2312 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pjwhite@iastate.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0683 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984VD UT WOS:000233331600012 ER PT J AU Lee, S Kinney, MP Inglett, GE AF Lee, S Kinney, MP Inglett, GE TI Rheological characterization of a new oat hydrocolloid and its application in cake baking SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIZE; BETA-GLUCANS; WATER; BEHAVIOR; GELS; FAT AB A new oat hydrocolloid containing 20% beta-glucan, called C-trim20, was obtained from oat bran concentrate through steam jet-cooking and fractionations. The rheological characterization of the C-trim20 was conducted using steady and dynamic shear measurements. The C-trim20 suspension exhibited a shear-thinning behavior that was more pronounced at high shear rates and high concentrations. Its dynamic viscoelastic moduli increased with increasing concentration while the frequency at which G' and G" crossover decreased. The C-trim20 suspension at various concentrations followed the Cox-Merz rule. C-trim20 was also evaluated for potential use in baked products, specifically cakes. The baking performance of C-trim20 was tested by incorporating it into cake formulations. The inclusion of this hydrocolloid gave increased elastic properties to cake batters and produced cakes containing 1 g of beta-glucan per serving with volume and textural properties similar to those of the control cake. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM inglett@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 717 EP 720 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0717 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984VD UT WOS:000233331600018 ER PT J AU Belefant-Miller, H Kay, MG Lee, FN AF Belefant-Miller, H Kay, MG Lee, FN TI Small-scale induction of postharvest yellowing of rice endosperm SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE; MARKERS AB Rice endosperm often develop a yellow discoloration during commercial storage in conditions of high temperature and moisture, thereby reducing the value of the grain. This postharvest yellowing (PHY) appears to be coincidental with fungal presence. To study the yellowing process in a controlled manner, we developed a technique to induce PHY on a small, laboratory scale. Milled rice kernels were rinsed with water and incubated in clear test tubes or microfuge tubes at 65-80 degrees C. This allowed direct observation of the color change and measurement using a colorimeter. Every rice cultivar tested (long and medium grain japonicas and indicas) showed some level of PHY, which increased with temperature yielding a maximum color change at 79 degrees C. Most color change occurred within one day. The moisture parameters required for yellowing to occur were measured. Using sterilization and culture techniques, we found no indications of direct fungal involvement in the yellowing process. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Belefant-Miller, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E,POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM hmiller@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 721 EP 726 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0721 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984VD UT WOS:000233331600019 ER PT J AU Flores, RA Hicks, KB Eustace, DW Phillips, J AF Flores, RA Hicks, KB Eustace, DW Phillips, J TI High-starch and high-beta-glucan barley fractions milled with experimental mills SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HULL-LESS BARLEY; AIR CLASSIFICATION; FLOUR; YIELD; BRAN AB This study focused on the performance of two hulless barley cultivars (Doyce and Merlin) and one commercial husked (hulled) sample using experimental milling. The purpose was to use experimental milling as a preliminary indicator of the milled streams with potential use for fuel ethanol production and fractions that could be used in food products. Experimental mills designed for flour production evaluation from wheat were Chopin CD 1 Auto, Quadrumat Sr, Buhler, and an experimental Ross roller mill walking flow. Results indicate that the shorts had the highest levels of beta-glucan from all the mills. However, the beta-glucan content in the break flours was highest with the roller mill walking flow and the Chopin CD 1 for the hulless cultivars. The lowest beta-glucan content in the break flour was found with the Buhler for Doyce. Break flour and, to a slightly lesser extent, reduction flour from all cultivars tested on all mills contained the highest starch content (up to 83%) and are therefore most appropriate for use as feedstock for fuel ethanol production. Conversely, bran and shorts from all cultivars and mills were lowest in starch (as low as 25%), making them ideal as low-starch food ingredients. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Flores, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rflores@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 727 EP 733 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0727 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984VD UT WOS:000233331600020 ER PT J AU Wang, P Singh, V Xu, L Johnston, DB Rausch, KD Tumbleson, ME AF Wang, P Singh, V Xu, L Johnston, DB Rausch, KD Tumbleson, ME TI Comparison of enzymatic (E-Mill) and conventional dry-grind corn processes using a granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A new low temperature liquefaction and saccharification enzyme STARGEN 001 (Genencor International, Palo Alto, CA) with high granular starch hydrolyzing activity was used in enzymatic dry-grind corn process to improve recovery of germ and pericarp fiber before fermentation. Enzymatic dry-grind corn process was compared with conventional dry-grind corn process using STARGEN 001 with same process parameters of dry solid content, pH, temperature, enzyme and yeast usage, and time. Sugar, ethanol, glycerol and organic acid profiles, fermentation rate, ethanol and coproducts yields were investigated. Final ethanol concentration of enzymatic dry-grind corn process was 15.5 +/- 0.2% (v/v), which was 9.2% higher than conventional process. Fermentation rate was also higher for enzymatic dry-grind corn process. Ethanol yields of enzymatic and conventional dry-grind corn processes were 0.395 +/- 0.006 and 0.417 +/- 0.002 L/kg (2.65 +/- 0.04 and 2.80 +/- 0.01 gal/bu), respectively. Three additional coproducts, germ 8.0 +/- 0.4% (db), pericarp fiber 7.7 +/- 0.4% (db), and endosperm fiber 5.2 +/- 0.6% (db) were produced in addition to DDGS with enzymatic dry-grind corn process. DDGS generated from enzymatic dry-grind corn process was 66% less than conventional process. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 360G,AESB,1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu NR 8 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 734 EP 738 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0734 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984VD UT WOS:000233331600021 ER PT J AU Boivin, A Cherrier, R Schiavon, M AF Boivin, A Cherrier, R Schiavon, M TI A comparison of five pesticides adsorption and desorption processes in thirteen contrasting field soils SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE pesticide; soil; sorption; desorption; regression ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; POND SOUTHERN GERMANY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SORPTION; DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; BENTAZONE; MATTER; ISOPROTURON; BEHAVIOR AB Batch adsorption and desorption experiments were performed using thirteen agricultural soil samples and five pesticides. Experimental data indicated a gradient in pesticide adsorption on soil: trifluralin >> 2,4-D > isoproturon > atrazine >> bentazone. Atrazine, isoproturon and trifluralin adsorption were correlated to soil organic matter content (1.2 = 0.7, 0.82, 0.79 respectively). Conversely, bentazone adsorption was governed by soil pH (r(2) = 0,68) while insignificant effect has been shown in the case of 2,4-D. Multiple linear regressions were used to combine relationships between the various soil parameters and the Freundlich adsorption coefficient (K-r) of each pesticide. Then desorption was assessed since it may reflect some of the interactions involved between the pesticides and the soil components. Adsorbed molecules were released into aqueous solution in the following order: bentazone > atrazine > isoproturon > 2,4-D > trifluralin. The occurrence of hysteresis did not allow an accurate interpretation of the pesticide desorption data because of the possible interplay of several processes. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. INRA, ENSAIA, INPL, UMR 1120,Lab Sols & Environm, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Boivin, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aboivin@ussl.ars.usda.gov; richard.cherrier@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr; michel.schiavon@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr NR 49 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 7 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 IS 5 BP 668 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980EU UT WOS:000232997800009 PM 16219503 ER PT J AU Zhou, XY Mahalingam, S Weise, D AF Zhou, XY Mahalingam, S Weise, D TI Modeling of marginal burning state of fire spread in live chaparral shrub fuel bed SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE marginal burning; chaparral; modeling; fire spread ID WIND; FOREST; TURBULENCE; SLOPE AB Prescribed burning in chaparral, currently used to manage wildland fuels and reduce wildfire hazard, is often conducted under marginal burning conditions. The relative importance of the fuel and environmental variables that determine fire spread success in chaparral fuels is not quantitatively understood. Based on extensive experimental study, a two-dimensional numerical model for vegetation fire spread was developed to simulate laboratory-scale fires. This model is based on a detailed description of the complex heat transfer processes and a simple combustion mechanism contributing to the ignition of solid fuel and fire spread. The fuel bed is described as a porous medium, and the heterogeneous nature of foliage and branch is considered via specific physical properties such as surface area-to-volume ratio, density, and volume fraction. The burning of solid fuel is computed by solving mass and energy equations, including the effects of drying, pyrolysis, and char combustion and the exchanges of mass, momentum. and energy with the surrounding gas. The effects of wind, slope, fuel moisture content, fuel bed arrangement, environmental temperature, and humidity are considered in the numerical model. Computations were performed to compare successful and unsuccessful fire spread cases to highlight the effects of various factors. Numerical results were consistent with the experimental observations of the transition between no fire spread and spread under different fuel and environmental conditions. The simulated heat transfer processes and combustion mechanism in the fuel bed are helpful in identifying factors that determine fire spread success. It was found that the relative importance of modeled convective and radiative heat transfer processes to ignition of solid fuel differed with particle location, and could be switched depending on the wind speed, terrain slope, and fuel bed arrangement. (c) 2005 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zhou, XY (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM xzhou@engr.ucr.edu RI Mahalingam, Shankar/K-6746-2015; OI Mahalingam, Shankar/0000-0002-4543-7201 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2005 VL 143 IS 3 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.05.013 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 981ZO UT WOS:000233126700005 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Chao, KL Chen, TR Early, HL AF Yang, CC Chao, KL Chen, TR Early, HL TI Systemically diseased chicken identification using multispectral images and region of interest analysis SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE food safety; image analysis; multispectral imagery; poultry; septicemia ID POULTRY CARCASSES; DECISION TREE; REFLECTANCE; WHOLESOME; INGESTA; SPECTRA AB A simple image differentiation method for the identification of systemically diseased chickens was developed and cross-system validated using two different multispectral imaging systems. The first system acquired images at three wavelengths, 460 nm, 540 nm, and 700 nm, for a batch of 164 wholesome and 176 systemically diseased chicken carcasses. The second system acquired images at four wavelengths, 488 mn, 540 run, 580 nm, and 610 nm, for a second batch of 332 wholesome and 318 systemically diseased chicken carcasses. Image masking was performed using the wavelengths of 700 nm and 610 nrn for the first and second imaging systems, respectively. The relative reflectance intensity at individual wavelengths, ratio of intensities between pairs of wavelengths, and intensity combinations based on principal component analysis (PCA) were analyzed. It was found that the wavelengths of 540 nm and 580 nm are vital for successful chicken image differentiation. With proper wavelength selection, PCA can be useful for multispectral image analysis. The wavelength of 540 nm, selected as the key wavelength, was used in both imaging systems for image differentiation. An image processing algorithm was developed to define and locate the region of interest (ROI) as the differentiation area on the image. Based on ROI analysis, a single threshold was generated for image differentiation. The average relative reflectance intensity of the ROI was calculated for each chicken image. The classification and regression trees (CART) decision tree algorithm was used to determine the threshold value to differentiate systemically diseased chickens from wholesome ones. The first differentiation threshold, based on the first image batch and generated by the decision tree method, was applied to the second image batch for cross-system validation, and vice versa. The accuracy from validation was 95.7% for wholesome and 97.7% of systemically diseased chickens for the first image batch, and 99.7% for wholesome and 93.5% for systemically diseased chickens for the second image batch. The threshold values, each generated using only one of the two image batches, were similar. The results showed that using a single key wavelength and a threshold, this simple image processing and differentiation method could be used in automated on-line applications for chicken inspection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Lexington, KY USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Chao, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.05.002 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 968WH UT WOS:000232193100004 ER PT J AU Brewer, MT Larkin, RP AF Brewer, MT Larkin, RP TI Efficacy of several potential biocontrol organisms against Rhizoctonia solani on potato SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE biological control; potato; Rhizoctonia solani; soil microbiology ID REDUCE DAMPING-OFF; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; LAETISARIA-ARVALIS; VERTICILLIUM-BIGUTTATUM; SEED TUBERS; CLADORRHINUM-FOECUNDISSIMUM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SAPROPHYTIC GROWTH; ANTAGONISTS; FORMULATION AB Twenty-eight potential biocontrol organisms were tested for efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani on potato in a series of greenhouse trials. Organisms tested consisted of field isolates of Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas fluoreseens, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., and Rhizoctonia zeae; known biocontrol isolates including Laetisaria arvalis, Verticillium biguttatum, Cladorrhinum foectindissimum, and Stilbella aciculosa; and commercial products of Bacillus subtilis (Kodiak), Trichoderma virens (SoilGard), and T harzianum (RootShield). Different formulations and rates of several fungal isolates and the efficacy of combinations of effective antagonists were also investigated. None of the treatments, including a chemical control (azoxystrobin), effectively controlled stem canker and black scurf in all trials. However, B. subtilis GB03, R. zeae LRNE17E, S. aciculosa 112-B, and the chemical control were most effective in reducing stem canker severity (40-49% reduction) relative to the infested controls over all trials. L. arvalis ZH-1, R. zeae LRNE17E, and the chemical control reduced black scurf severity 54-60% relative to the infested control. Other treatments also significantly reduced stem canker and black scurf, however they were slightly less effective. Biocontrol amendment rate was not correlated with disease control, although the higher rates usually provided the best control. One combination of biocontrol organisms, B. subtilis and T virens, demonstrated somewhat better control of stem canker than each organism alone, suggesting that this approach may provide improved biocontrol efficacy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, USDA, ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Larkin, RP (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA, ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM brewer.178@osu.edu; larkin@maine.edu NR 36 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 939 EP 950 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.01.012 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 969QI UT WOS:000232249200001 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Taube, F Russelle, MP Oenema, J Sanderson, MA Wachendorf, M AF Rotz, CA Taube, F Russelle, MP Oenema, J Sanderson, MA Wachendorf, M TI Whole-farm perspectives of nutrient flows in grassland agriculture SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Crop-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Crop Sci Soc Amer ID NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; RAIN-FOREST SOILS; DAIRY FARM; FORAGE PRODUCTION; GRAZED GRASSLAND; AMMONIA EMISSION; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CATTLE URINE; WHITE CLOVER AB Grassland agriculture is an important industry for livestock production and land management throughout the world. We review the principles of nutrient cycling in grassland agriculture, discuss examples of grassland farming systems research, and demonstrate the usefulness of whole-farm simulation for integrating economic and environmental components. Comprehensive studies conducted at the Karkendamm experimental farm in northern Germany and the De Marke experimental farm in the Netherlands have quantified nutrient flows and developed innovative strategies to reduce nutrient losses in grassland farming systems. This research has focused on improving the utilization of manure nutrients on the farm by including grain crops in cropping systems with grassland and by incorporating manure handling techniques that reduce nitrogen losses. Although the information generated in experimental farms is not always directly applicable to other climates and soils, it is being transferred to other regions through computer simulation. A whole-farm model calibrated and verified with the experimental farm data is being used to evaluate and refine these strategies for commercial farms in other areas. Simulation of farms in northern Europe illustrate that on the sandy soils of this region, maize (Zea mays L.) silage can be used along with grasslands to increase farm profitability while maintaining or reducing nutrient loss to the environment. Use of cover crops, low emission barns, covered manure storages, and direct injection of manure into soil greatly reduces N losses from these farms, but their use creates a net cost to the producer. By integrating experimental farm data with whole-farm simulation, more sustainable grassland production systems can be cost-effectively evaluated, refined, and transferred to commercial production. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Plant Res Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA USA. EM mas44@psu.edu NR 169 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 30 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2139 EP 2159 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0523 PG 21 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100001 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Gesch, RW Isbell, TA AF Forcella, F Gesch, RW Isbell, TA TI Seed yield, oil, and fatty acids of cuphea in the northwestern Corn Belt SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOWING DATE; TEMPERATURE; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; PROTEIN; CROPS; SPP. AB Cuphea is a potential new crop for temperate regions. It produces and stores in its seeds medium chain length fatty acids, which currently are derived commercially from seeds of tropical palms. The growth and yield potential of 'PSR23' (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. X C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton) cuphea was known for west central Minnesota but not elsewhere. To better understand the range of latitudes in which PSR23 is adapted, planting date experiments were established at seven research farms along a transect from southwestern Iowa to northwestern Minnesota (41-49 degrees N latitude) in 2002 and 2003. Seed yields, seed oil contents, and fatty acid profiles were determined. In the absence of drought, cuphea grew well vegetatively at most sites, but seed yields tended to be higher in Minnesota than in Iowa. Irrigation did not enhance seed yields greatly in Iowa. Low yields due to delayed planting (mid May to mid June) were apparent only when water was limited. Oil content of seeds ranged from 28 to 33% and may have been associated inversely with air temperatures during seed-fill. The principal fatty acid was capric acid, which ranged from 67 to 73% of total oil and was always highest in the colder, northern-most sites. PSR23 appears to have better potential as an industrial oilseed crop at higher than lower latitudes because of enhanced yields and capric acid levels. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM forcella@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2195 EP 2202 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0593 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100005 ER PT J AU Mensah, C DiFonzo, C Nelson, RL Wang, DC AF Mensah, C DiFonzo, C Nelson, RL Wang, DC TI Resistance to soybean aphid in early maturing soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Since 2000, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has become a major pest of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] in North America. In the USA, there are currently no commercial soybean cultivars with aphid resistance and there are no reported resistance sources in early maturing soybean germplasm. The objectives of this study were to identify sources and types of resistance to soybean aphid from early maturing soybean germplasm. Over a 2-yr period, 2147 soybean accessions from maturity group (MG) 0 to 111, originally from northern China, were evaluated for aphid resistance in a greenhouse and in field cages. The plants were hand-inoculated and aphid populations were evaluated 10 d after inoculation. A damage index (0-100%) was calculated for each accession. After 2 yr of evaluation and confirmation in choice tests, four MG III accessions from Shandong province, PI 567543C, PI 567597C, PI 56754113, and PI 56759813, were found to be resistant to the soybean aphid. Two of these accessions, PI 567541B and PI 567598B, possessed antibiosis resistance, preventing the aphids from reproducing on the plants in a no-choice study. PI 567543C and PI 567597C possessed amixenosis resistance. These resistant sources can be used to develop commercial cultivars with aphid resistance for the North Central states. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wang, DC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wangdech@msu.edu NR 21 TC 73 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2228 EP 2233 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0680 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100009 ER PT J AU Oliver, AL Pedersen, JF Grant, RJ Klopfenstein, TJ AF Oliver, AL Pedersen, JF Grant, RJ Klopfenstein, TJ TI Comparative effects of the sorghum bmr-6 and bmr-12 genes: I. Forage sorghum yield and quality SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BROWN-MIDRIB SORGHUM; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS; DIGESTION KINETICS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; PEARL-MILLET; CORN-SILAGE; LIGNIN; SUDANGRASS; MUTANTS AB Brown midrib (bmr) forages usually contain less lignin and exhibit increased digestibility. Recent research has identified the modifications in biochemical pathways resulting from bmr mutations. In sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench.], bmr-6 has been linked to a decrease in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity. The allelic bmr-12 and bmr-18 genes decrease caffeic acid O-methyl transferase (OMT) activity. There has been only limited research comparing bmr genes to each other and wild type in isogenic sorghum. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of bmr-6 and bmr-12 on forage yield and quality in these genetic backgrounds: 'Atlas', 'Early Hegari-Sart', 'Kansas Collier', and 'Rox Orange'. Height, lodging, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), and dry matter (DM) yield were measured in a split-plot experiment replicated four times in each of four environments with lines being whole-plots and genotypes (wild type, bmr-6, and bmr-12) being subplots. Brown midrib genes generally had negative agronomic impact, but these were not uniformly expressed across backgrounds. The bmr-6 gene generally resulted in a shorter plant and less DM yield, but did not reduce ADL. The bmr-12 gene generally resulted in reduced ADL, later maturity, and reduced or equivalent DM yield when compared with the wild type. There is a more digestible NDF fraction in both bmr-6 and bmr-12 forage sorghums. When all data are considered in aggregate, the bmr-12 gene appears superior to the bmr-6 gene in terms of less negative impact on agronomic performance and greater positive impact on ADL content and fiber digestibility. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Miner Agr Res Inst, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu NR 42 TC 41 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2234 EP 2239 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0644 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100010 ER PT J AU Oliver, AL Pedersen, JF Grant, RJ Klopfenstein, TJ Jose, HD AF Oliver, AL Pedersen, JF Grant, RJ Klopfenstein, TJ Jose, HD TI Comparative effects of the sorghum bmr-6 and bmr-12 genes: II. Grain yield, stover yield, and stover quality in grain sorghum SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BROWN-MIDRIB SORGHUM; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS; DIGESTION KINETICS; LIGNIN; MAIZE; SUDANGRASS; MUTANTS; FIBER; DISAPPEARANCE AB Nearly 3 million hectares of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench] are harvested in the USA each year. It may be possible to add value to crop and animal systems by enhancing the digestibility of the stover residue by the use of brown midrib (bmr) genes if grain yields can be maintained. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of bmr-6 and bmr-12 genes on grain yield of sorghum and to evaluate the effect of the bmr genes on stover yield and quality in these genetic backgrounds: 'Wheatland', 'Redlan', RTx430, Tx623, Tx630, Tx631, and the hybrid A Wheatland X RTx430. Plant height, maturity, grain yield and test weight, stover neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD) were measured in split-plot experiments replicated four times in each of four environments with lines being whole-plots and genotypes being subplots. Brown midrib genes reduced grain yield and residue yield in the lines; however, yield reduction was not observed in the bmr-12 A Wheatland X RTx430 hybrid. The bmr-12 near-isolines generally had lowest stover lignin content and highest fiber digestibility, bmr-6 was intermediate, and wild-type counterparts had highest lignin content and lowest fiber digestibility. When all data are considered, the bmr-12 gene appears superior to the bmr-6 gene in terms of potentially adding value to the stover of grain sorghum for use in crop/animal systems. The variable expression of bmr-12 and bmr-6 in different lines indicates that selection of compatible genetic backgrounds will be critical in determining the realized impact on value. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, NPA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Miner Agr Res Inst, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agr Econ, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, NPA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu NR 31 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2240 EP 2245 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0660 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100011 ER PT J AU Philipp, D Allen, VG Mitchell, RB Brown, CP Wester, DB AF Philipp, D Allen, VG Mitchell, RB Brown, CP Wester, DB TI Forage nutritive value and morphology of three old world bluestems under a range of irrigation levels SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRASSES; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; YIELD; GROWTH; PLAINS; COTTON AB Introduced forages offer alternatives to traditional cropping systems in the semiarid Texas High Plains, but effects of irrigation on nutritive value are not well known. Three old world bluestem (Bothriochloa) species [B. bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake 'WW-B. Dahl', B. ischaemum (L.) Keng. var. ischaemum (Hack.) 'WW-Spar', and B. caucasica (Trin.) C.E. Hubbard 'Caucasian'] were surface drip-irrigated with zero (dryland) and low, medium, and high irrigation levels, to determine nutritive value and morphological development in 2001 to 2003 under a completely randomized block design, a split-plot treatment arrangement, and three replicates. Water applied in the high treatment was 100% replacement of potential evapotranspiration minus precipitation. Medium and low treatments were 66 and 33% of the high treatment. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) of all species was higher (P < 0.05) at low irrigation than at other levels (580, 560, 550, and 570 g kg(-1) for low, medium, high, and dryland, respectively; SE = 4.0). Dahl was higher (P < 0.05) in crude protein (87 g kg(-1)) than Spar (76 g kg(-1)) and Caucasian (75 g kg(-1); SE = 2.0) during the growing season. In all species, total nonstructural carbohydrates and DMD declined while neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased with increasing irrigation. Before hay harvest, leaf blade:stem-plus-sheath ratio declined also, but after hay harvest, effects of irrigation were less consistent. Results suggested that irrigation likely affected nutritive value through effects on plant morphology and physiological age. Thus, irrigation strategies and species selection may aid in optimizing forage quality. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dep Range Wildlife & Fisheries, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dphilipp@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2258 EP 2268 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0669 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100013 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RB Vogel, KP Klopfenstein, TJ Anderson, BE Masters, RA AF Mitchell, RB Vogel, KP Klopfenstein, TJ Anderson, BE Masters, RA TI Grazing evaluation of big bluestems bred for improved forage yield and digestibility SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SWITCHGRASS; QUALITY; SELECTION; PRAIRIES AB Two big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) strains (Pawnee C3 and Kaw C3) developed by three breeding cycles for increased forage yield and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were compared with the base populations of 'Pawnee' and 'Kaw' in a 3-yr grazing trial. Pastures were seeded in May 1998 near Mead, NE. Experimental units were three 0.4-ha pastures of each strain or cultivar in a randomized complete block design. Pastures were burned and fertilized with ammonium nitrate at 112 kg N ha(-1) in the spring of 2000, 2001, and 2002 before grazing. Each pasture was continuously stocked with three crossbred yearling steers (Bos taurus) (380 +/- 38 kg) in mid-June 2000, 2001, and 2002 to provide a stock density of 7.5 steers ha(-1). Pawnee C3 and Kaw C3 produced 16 and 7% more average daily gain (ADG), respectively, than the base populations during the 3-yr study. Additionally, Pawnee C3 and Kaw C3 produced 14 and 5% more total body weight (BW) gain ha(-1), respectively, than the base populations. Pawnee C3 ADG was 1.30 kg hd(-1) and produced greater than 455 kg total BW gain ha(-1) during a drought period in eastern Nebraska. Pawnee C3 pastures produced more available forage with higher IVDMD, cell soluble, cell wall digestibility, and lower lignin concentration than forages from Pawnee pastures. Kaw C3 pastures differed from Kaw pastures by producing forage with greater crude protein concentration. These results demonstrate the productivity of big bluestem pastures in the eastern Great Plains and document the positive livestock response to moderate increases in forage IVDMD. The strains bred for increased yield and IVDMD provided as much as 26% more total BW gain ha(-1) at no additional cost. Pawnee C3 was released as the cultivar Bonanza and Kaw C3 was released as 'Goldmine'. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Dow AgroSci, Lincoln, NE 68516 USA. RP Mitchell, RB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rmitchell4@unl.edu NR 21 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2288 EP 2292 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0716 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100017 ER PT J AU Lamb, JFS Russelle, MP Schmitt, MA AF Lamb, JFS Russelle, MP Schmitt, MA TI Alfalfa and reed canarygrass response to midsummer manure application SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBSOIL NITRATE; CRUDE PROTEIN; DAIRY MANURE; NITROGEN; FERTILIZER; YIELD; SLURRY; FIXATION; HERBAGE AB Perennial forages like alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or various perennial grasses, which are cut several times during the growing season, could provide an alternative land base and time management strategy for manure applications. Our objectives were to evaluate the response of two forage species to increasing rates of swine manure slurry applied in midsummer and to compare commercially available alfalfa cultivars for tolerance to swine manure applied during the growing season. The first experiment, hereafter referred to as the rate experiment, included four entries, two N-2-fixing (UMN 3097 and 'Agate') and one non-N-2-fixing (Ineffective Agate) alfalfa and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), grown at two locations in Minnesota. Liquid swine manure was applied at five rates (0, 23.4, 32.7, 42.1, and 93.6 kL ha(-1)) within 4 d after the second forage harvest in July 1998 and 1999. In the second experiment, hereafter referred to as the cultivar study, six alfalfa cultivars, Magnagraze, 5312, Rushmore, Wintergreen, Winterstar, and WL 325 HQ, were evaluated for response to manures applied at three rates (0, 37.4, and 93.6 kL ha(-1)) as described above. Manure slurry containing less than about 3300 kg ha(-1) organic solids applied 4 d after cutting in July improved reed canarygrass yields and had no effect or slightly improved yields of normal N2-fixing alfalfa. Ineffective Agate yields improved with increasing manure rates, but insufficient N was applied to keep this entry productive. Alfalfa cultivars did not differ in yield response to manure applications. Organic solids in the manure slurries at one of the locations compromised forage yields and stand scores at the highest application rate by completely coating and smothering the plants. Results emphasized the importance of manure testing to reduce adverse effects on alfalfa and reed canarygrass yields. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, PRSU, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM lambx002@umn.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2293 EP 2300 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0729 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100018 ER PT J AU Kays, SE Shimizu, N Barton, FE Ohtsubo, K AF Kays, SE Shimizu, N Barton, FE Ohtsubo, K TI Near-infrared transmission and reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of dietary fiber in barley cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CEREAL FOOD-PRODUCTS; QUALITY; PREDICTION; BRAN AB Dietary fiber is an important quality parameter of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) but is extremely laborious to measure. Near-infrared (NIR) transmission and reflectance spectroscopy were investigated as rapid screening tools to evaluate the total dietary fiber content of barley cultivars. The Foss Grainspec Rice Analyzer and NIR Systems 6500 spectrometer were used to obtain transmission and reflectance spectra, respectively, of polished grains and ground barley. Total dietary fiber was determined for each cultivar by AOAC Method 991.43. Modified PLS models developed for predicting total dietary fiber, using transmission spectra (850-1048 nm) of polished grains, had a standard error of cross validation (SECV) of 10.4 (range 58-197) g kg(-1) and R-2 of 0.82 indicating sufficient accuracy for selecting or rejecting high dietary fiber cultivars. NIR reflectance spectroscopy (1104-2494 nm) of ground barley samples resulted in a model with SECV of 5.2 (range 58-197) g kg(-1) and R-2 0.96, indicating a high degree of precision in the prediction of total dietary fiber. The increased accuracy of the reflectance model may be due in part to more information available in the wavelength region used. The precision, low cost per sample and speed of measurement of the technique allow making dietary fiber selection decisions for large numbers of progeny in barley breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS, RRC, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Inc Adm Agcy, Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, RRC, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM sekays@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2307 EP 2311 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0013 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100020 ER PT J AU Davis, RF May, OL AF Davis, RF May, OL TI Relationship between yield potential and percentage yield suppression caused by the southern root-knot nematode in cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; POTATO CYST NEMATODES; INCOGNITA RACE 3; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; STRESS TOLERANCE; FIELD TRIALS; RESISTANCE; MAIZE AB Currently available cotton (Gossypium hirsatum L.) cultivars support significant reproduction of the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood], but they have not been evaluated for differing levels of yield suppression (tolerance) to this nematode. If nematode tolerant (low yield suppression) but susceptible (high nematode reproduction) cotton cultivars can be identified, they could be grown rather than intolerant cultivars to reduce yield loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate a collection of M. incognita-susceptible cotton cultivars for tolerance to parasitism by this nematode. The yield potential and percentage yield loss to M. incognita were measured in 12 genotypes in 2002 and 2003 by comparing yields in 1,3-dichloropropene-fumigated and nonfumigated plots. The percentage yield suppression caused by M. incognita differed among cotton genotypes in both 2002 and 2003. Yield suppression ranged from 18.0 to 47.3% in 2002 and from 8.5 to 35.7% in 2003. Though significant levels of tolerance were measured in our study, 2 yr of data on percentage yield suppression show that tolerance is not consistently related to specific cultivars in the absence of nematode resistance: susceptible cultivars did not consistently express tolerance, but resistant germplasm did. Thus, it appears unlikely that cotton cultivar selection for tolerance to M. incognita can be utilized to minimize yield suppression. Regression analysis based on the 2 yr of field data revealed a relationship in which percentage yield suppression caused by M. incognita increased linearly as yield potential increased. Because the absolute and percentage losses to nematodes increase as yield potential increases, nematode management becomes increasingly important and beneficial in cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Davis, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM rfdavis@tifton.usda.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2312 EP 2317 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0038 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100021 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH AF Skinner, RH TI Cultivar and environmental effects on freezing tolerance of narrow-leaf plantain SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT PHYSIOLOGY; GENE-EXPRESSION; SELECTIONS; NITROGEN; GROWTH; RATIOS AB Improved cultivars of narrow leaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) have received increasing attention as possible pasture species for the northeastern USA because of their productivity during drought and high nutritive value. However, the cultivars currently available do not have sufficient freezing tolerance to survive northeastern U.S. winters. This experiment examined the relationship between shoot growth rate and root:shoot partitioning during cold-hardening and the freezing tolerance of 'Lancelot' and 'Tonic' plantain compared with 'PG700', an experimental line collected from the eastern USA. I hypothesized that PG700 would exhibit reduced shoot structural growth and increased carbohydrate storage in roots during cold-hardening, resulting in increased freezing tolerance and survival. In growth chamber experiments, seedlings were cold hardened for 21 d and then frozen at -12 degrees C for 3 h. Survival was evaluated after a 21-d recovery period. The experiment was conducted twice. Survival was greatest for PG700 (58%), followed by Lancelot (33%) and Tonic (18%) (P < 0.01). When combined across cultivars, survival was 59% in Trial 1 compared with 11% in Trial 2 (P < 0.01). None of the measured parameters including overall root and shoot growth or relative partitioning between roots and shoots were related to cultivar differences in freezing tolerance. Reduced survival in Trial 2 was accompanied by high nitrogen uptake and vigorous shoot relative to root growth during the cold-hardening period. Thus, reduced shoot growth was accompanied by increased freezing tolerance when differences in survival were induced by environmental effects but was not related to genetic differences in survival. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2330 EP 2336 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0035 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100023 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Mauget, SA AF Mahan, JR Mauget, SA TI Antioxidant metabolism in cotton seedlings exposed to temperature stress in the field SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE ACTIVITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEAT TOLERANCE; GROWN COTTON; WATER-STRESS; PLANTS; CULTIVARS; ASCORBATE AB Early season temperature stress adversely affects the growth and development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings. Oxidative damage resulting from temperature extremes is thought to be a cause of diminished seedling performance. Cotton (cv Fibermax 958) was planted at Lubbock, TX, in 2003 and 2004 to investigate the effect of low and high temperatures on oxidative stress and antioxidant metabolism in seedlings exposed to normal thermal variation. Early and late plantings in 2003 provided seedlings of different ages for comparisons. Malondialdehyde was slightly increased in response to low temperatures indicating some oxidative damage in the seedlings. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase were not altered in response to low or high temperatures. The glutathione pool was predominately reduced in all plantings in both years indicating sufficient reduced glutathione. It is concluded that the indicators of antioxidant metabolism varied in the seedlings but not in response to temperature variation. It is proposed that antioxidant metabolism in the seedlings was sufficient to mitigate oxidative damage with only minor alterations. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jmahan@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2337 EP 2345 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0106 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100024 ER PT J AU Zhang, JF Lu, Y Adragna, H Hughs, E AF Zhang, JF Lu, Y Adragna, H Hughs, E TI Genetic improvement of New Mexico Acala cotton germplasm and their genetic diversity SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UPLAND COTTON; COMPARATIVE GROWTH; COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE; LEAF-AREA; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; OBSOLETE; YIELDS; STOCK; LINES AB The New Mexico cotton breeding program was established in 1926 and has been led by five generations of breeders and geneticists. The program has released more than 30 Acala 1517 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars and numerous germplasm lines known for high fiber quality and Verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) tolerance that have made substantial contributions to cotton breeding in the USA. The present project was initiated in 2003 to evaluate the genetic improvement of Acala 1517 cultivars and lines released over the past 75 yr in yield, boll size, seed index, lint percentage, fiber length, fiber strength, and micronaire. Their genetic divergence was also estimated by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. On the basis of the data available from annual yield trials, lint yield and lint percentage in Acala 1517 cotton have steadily increased since the 1930s, while boll size and seed index have gradually decreased since the 1960s. Fiber strength has been enhanced since the 1960s, which has been accompanied by steady increase in micronaire. However, fiber length in Acala 1517 cultivars tended to shorten from 31.0 to 30.0 mm from 1960 to 1990, whereas newly released Acala 1517 cultivars (Acala 1517-95, 1517-99, 1517-02, 1517-03, and 1517-04) have fiber greater than 30.5 mm. Genetic distance among Acala 1517 genotypes ranged from 0.06 to 0.38 with an average of 0.18 on the basis of 189 SSR marker alleles, indicating a substantial genetic diversity among Acala 1517 cotton germplasm. Divergent germplasm introgression in the program has contributed to genetic diversity of Acala cotton germplasm and continuous genetic gain in Acala cotton cultivar improvement. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88003 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu NR 49 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2363 EP 2373 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0140 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100027 ER PT J AU Redfearn, DD Venuto, BC Pitman, WD Blouin, DC Alison, MW AF Redfearn, DD Venuto, BC Pitman, WD Blouin, DC Alison, MW TI Multilocation annual ryegrass cultivar performance over a twelve-year period SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Systematic performance trials have been conducted in several states for more than 20 yr to evaluate agronomic performance of annual rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Despite development and testing of many annual ryegrass cultivars, the first improved cultivar, Gulf, has remained one of 10 to 12 cultivars recommended for planting in the southeastern USA. Our objectives were to evaluate cultivar yield performance across 12 yr at five locations, to assess cultivar yield distribution within growing seasons, and to estimate cultivar yield stability (consistency of relative performance environments). Efficacy measures were early-season yield (total before 1 March), late-season yield (total after 1 March), and total annual yield. Overall means for all cultivars and individual cultivar performance (for common years) were compared with Gulf or Marshall. Neither location effects nor cultivar X location interactions were found. Cultivar and year effects, plus cultivar X year interactions were detected (P < 0.05) for all three yield responses. Mean early season yields ranged from 2.3 to 4.6 Mg ha(-1), with mean late-season yields ranging from 5.1 to 7.4 Mg ha(-1). No trend existed for mean total yield relative to Gulf or Marshall to increase over time in association with availability of newer cultivars. Given large yearly fluctuation in yields, it is apparent that unpredictable environmental factors, including climate and perhaps pests, are the primary determinants of annual ryegrass performance rather than differences in yield potential among cultivars. Thus, yield stability may be an appropriate selection factor to include among the criteria for development of improved annual ryegrass cultivars. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Rosepine Res Stn, Rosepine, LA 70569 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Macon Ridge Branch, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. RP Redfearn, DD (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM daren.redfearn@okstate.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2388 EP 2393 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0322 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100030 ER PT J AU Charlson, DV Bailey, TB Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC AF Charlson, DV Bailey, TB Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC TI Molecular marker Satt481 is associated with iron-deficiency chlorosis resistance in a soybean breeding population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL; MINNESOTA AB Soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] breeders have improved resistance to iron-deficiency chlorosis (IDC) using conventional breeding approaches; however, many IDC-resistant cultivars have lower yields compared to IDC-susceptible cultivars. The importance of environment on IDC-resistance expression hinders progress in breeding for resistance. An environment-independent selection strategy, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), may increase breeding efficiency. Our objective was to determine whether simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located in previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for IDC resistance would be associated with IDC resistance in a breeding population. One-hundred and eight SSR markers genetically linked to eight QTLs on eight molecular linkage groups (MLGs) previously identified for IDC were tested in a breeding population evaluated for IDC resistance on calcareous soils in Iowa. The breeding population was developed from a cross between Pioneer 9254 and A97-770012. The F-2 lines were genotyped with markers and the F-2-derived lines (F-2.4 and F-2:5) were evaluated for IDC resistance. Three markers were associated with IDC resistance: Satt211, Satt481, and Sat_104. However, of the three markers, only Satt481 was associated to IDC resistance across environments. Although Satt481 accounted for only 12% of the total phenotypic variation, molecular analysis of the eleven-most resistant lines in the population indicated that 73% of the lines were homozygous for the resistant allele at the Satt481 locus. Our results indicated that Satt481 may be useful to improve IDC resistance in this soybean population and that additional QTLs conferring resistance to IDC might exist in soybean. C1 Univ Missouri, Dep Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, USDA, ARS,Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA, ARS,Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Charlson, DV (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dep Biochem, 109 Life Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM charlsond@missouri.edu NR 23 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2394 EP 2399 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0510 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100031 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Fenn, P Chen, PY AF Jackson, EW Fenn, P Chen, PY TI Inheritance of resistance to phomopsis seed decay in soybean PI 80837 and MO/PSD-0259 (PI 562694) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLORUM VAR SOJAE; INFECTION; DIAPORTHE; QUALITY; YIELD; COLONIZATION; GERMINATION; GENOTYPE; PODS AB Phomopsis seed decay [PSD; caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae (Lehman) Wehmeyer, Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. caulivora Athow & Caldwell, and Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs) reduces quality of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] seed when moist conditions and warm temperatures occur during seed development and maturation. Control of PSD by genetic resistance has not been well explored. Of the genotypes reported with PSD resistance, PI 417479 and PI 80837 have received the most study. The PSD-resistant line MO/PSD-0259 derives its resistance from PI 417479. Objectives of this research were to characterize the inheritance of PSD resistance in PI 80837 and to determine if it differs from resistance in MO/PSD-0259. PI 80837 was crossed with PSD-susceptible 'Agripro 3501 (AP 350); PSD-susceptible PI 91113; and with MO/PSD-0259. Populations and lines were screened in the field, and Phomopsis infection was assayed by plating seed. Seed infection of reciprocal F, plants of AP 350 X PI 80837 was not different from that of PI 80837. Data from F-2 populations of AP 350 X PI 80837 and PI 91113 X PI 80837; and F-2:3 lines from AP 350 X PI 80837 fit models for a single dominant gene in PI 80837 that confers PSD resistance. F-2 population data from AP 350 X MO/PSD-0259 also fit a model for single dominant gene resistance in MO/PSD-0259, and data from an F-2 population and F-2:3 lines of PI 80837 X MO/PSD-0259 fit a model for two different dominant genes. These results show that PSD resistance in PI 80837 is conferred by a single dominant gene under nuclear control that is different from the gene in MO/PSD-0259. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83202 USA. RP Fenn, P (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pfenn@uark.edu NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2400 EP 2404 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0525 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100032 ER PT J AU Samonte, SOPB Wilson, LT McClung, AM Medley, JC AF Samonte, SOPB Wilson, LT McClung, AM Medley, JC TI Targeting cultivars onto rice growing environments using AMMI and SREG GGE biplot analyses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLICATIVE INTERACTION ANALYSIS; TURFGRASS PERFORMANCE TRIALS; REGISTRATION AB The identification of the highest yielding cultivar for a specific environment on the basis of both genotype (G) and genotype X environment (GE) interaction would be useful to breeders and producers since yield estimates based only on G and environment (E) effects are insufficient. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model analysis and G plus GE interaction (GGE) biplots, obtained from sites regression (SREG) model analysis in interpreting GE grain yield data. Replicated grain yield data of six rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (Cocodrie, Cypress, Jefferson, Lemont, Saber, and Wells) from three main cropping seasons (2000, 2001, and 2002) at four locations in Texas, USA (Bay City, Eagle Lake, Ganado, and Beaumont) were obtained and used for this purpose. Through AMMI model analysis, the magnitude and significance of the effects of GE interaction and its interaction principal components relative to the effects of G and E were estimated. The stability and adaptability of specific cultivars were assessed by plotting their nominal grain yields at specific environments in an AMMI biplot, which aided in the identification of mega-environments (environments with the same highest yielding cultivar). Appropriate check cultivars for all locations or for specific locations were identified. Through GGE biplots of SREG model analysis results, the relative yield performance of cultivars at a specific environment were illustrated, the performance of a cultivar at different environments was compared, the performance of two cultivars at different environments were compared, the highest yielding cultivars at the different mega-environments were identified, and ideal cultivars and test locations were identified. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Syst Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA, ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Samonte, SOPB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Syst Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM sosamonte@aesrg.tamu.edu RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 25 TC 74 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2414 EP 2424 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0627 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100034 ER PT J AU Brooks, TD Willcox, MC Williams, WP Buckley, PM AF Brooks, TD Willcox, MC Williams, WP Buckley, PM TI Quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer leaf feeding damage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE PHASE-CHANGE; TROPICAL MAIZE; GERMPLASM LINE; REGISTRATION; SELECTION; QTL; ASSOCIATION; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; DIATRAEA AB Southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella Dyar) and fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] damage ratings were measured on an F2-derived maize (Zea mays L.) population segregating for leaf feeding resistance following artificial infestation with neonates. Damage ratings for each insect were recorded in replicated trials at three locations and used in conjunction with a genetic linkage map to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance. Significant QTL and their interactions were estimated by multiple interval mapping analysis. Resistance to southwestern corn borer leaf feeding was fit to a model containing eight QTL and two interactions explaining 20% of the phenotypic variation. A model containing seven QTL and one interaction best fit resistance to fall armyworm leaf feeding damage, and it explained approximately 14% of the phenotypic variation. Three QTL located on chromosomes 6, 9, and 10 affect leaf feeding damage ratings of both insects with similar effects and gene action. Minor interaction effects were observed. The QTL on chromosomes 1, 5, and 9 correspond to previously identified regions affecting resistance to southwestern corn borer. Insect resistance genes including the mir family of genes located on chromosome 6 and the glossy15 locus on chromosome 9 fall within chromosomal regions of QTL predicted in this study. This study confirms that resistance to fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer involves many of the same QTL and candidate genes for insect resistance include the glossy15 candidate locus on chromosome 9. C1 USDA, ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brooks, TD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM tbrooks@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2430 EP 2434 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0656 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100036 ER PT J AU Hinze, LL Kresovich, S Nason, JD Lamkey, KR AF Hinze, LL Kresovich, S Nason, JD Lamkey, KR TI Population genetic diversity in a maize reciprocal recurrent selection program SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BSSS; INDIVIDUALS; ZEA AB The genetic structures of the Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic #1 (CB) and Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (SS) maize (Zea mays L.) populations are important because these populations serve as the model for development of modern commercial hybrids. In 1949, CB and SS were used to start a reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) breeding program at Iowa State University. This study was conducted to analyze more thoroughly the genetic diversity within this RRS program and illustrate how the RRS program has changed over time at the molecular level. The progress of this program was measured by analyzing the variation at 86 SSR loci among 28 progenitor lines and 30 plants sampled from each of seven cycles (Cycle 0, Cycle 1, Cycle 3, Cycle 6, Cycle 9, Cycle 12, and Cycle 15) in each population. The progenitors of these populations show a high amount of variation on the basis of expected heterozygosity (0.557). As the RRS program proceeded, this variation decreased (Cycle 15, 0.245). In total, a larger amount of genetic variation was found among plants within cycles (66%) than among cycles (13%) or between populations (21%). The repartitioning of variation from within populations (96% in progenitors) to between populations (58% in Cycle 15) over time is consistent with theoretical expectations of divergence between the populations. By sampling intermediate time points, we gained a comprehensive genetic view of CB and SS permitting evaluation of the molecular-level changes occurring as a result of reciprocal recurrent selection. C1 Texas A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hinze, LL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM lhinze@cgru.usda.gov RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013; OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798; Hinze, Lori L/0000-0003-3356-1245 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2435 EP 2442 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0662 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100037 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Brummer, EC AF Casler, MD Brummer, EC TI Forage yield of smooth bromegrass collections from rural cemeteries SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAPID POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; NITROGEN FERTILIZATION; ANTHOXANTHUM-ODORATUM; MOSAIC ENVIRONMENT; PERSISTENCE; ALFALFA; RESERVES; GRASSES; HEIGHT; STAGE AB Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) is poorly adapted to management-intensive rotational grazing because of slow and limited regrowth potential. In an effort to discover germplasm with tolerance to frequent cutting, smooth bromegrass plants were collected from fence and sod habitats of 30 rural cemeteries in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The objective of this study was to quantify, describe, and test the responses of paired fence and sod populations to different harvest frequencies. Thirty sod populations, 30 fence populations, and five cultivars were evaluated for season-total forage yield and regrowth percentage at Arlington, WI, and Ames, IA. Three harvest managements were used, with mean harvest frequencies of four, five, or six harvests over 2002 and 2003. Fence populations had an average forage yield 5.5% higher than sod populations, a difference that was fairly consistent across harvest managements, test locations, and state of origin. Variation in linear responses to harvest management made up 65 and 77% of the harvest management X population interaction for forage yield and regrowth percentage, respectively. For seven cemetery sites, the sod population was better adapted than the fence population to a more frequent harvest management, as measured by a more stable response to harvest frequency (-2.02 +/- 0.10 vs. -2.67 +/- 0.12 Mg ha(-1) harvest(-1)). For nine cemetery sites, the sod population had a higher increase in regrowth percentage with increased harvest frequency (15.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 11.9 +/- 0.7% units harvest(-1)). Smooth bromegrass germplasm from some cemetery sods appears to have potential value for developing tolerance to frequent defoliation. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2510 EP 2516 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0116 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100046 ER PT J AU Renganayaki, K Jessup, RW Burson, BL Hussey, MA Read, JC AF Renganayaki, K Jessup, RW Burson, BL Hussey, MA Read, JC TI Identification of male-specific AFLP markers in dioecious Texas bluegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP; SEX DETERMINATION; FLOWERING PLANTS; DNA; L.; CHROMOSOMES; APOMIXIS; RAPD; POA AB Dioecy is a breeding system that promotes cross-pollination in plants. The transfer of this trait into economically important self-pollinated cereal crops would revolutionize the production of hybrids in these species and provide a means for increasing yields because of heterosis. Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.) (2n = 8x = 56) is a polymorphic dioecious species that provides an opportunity to genetically map the dioecy locus. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)-based linkage maps were constructed for both the maternal and paternal plants used to develop a mapping population of Texas bluegrass. The maternal map contained 126 single dose restriction fragments (SDRFs), 31 linkage groups, 1744 cM, and an average marker spacing of 13.8 cM. The paternal map contained 210 SDRFs, 46 linkage groups, 2699 cM, and an average marker spacing of 12.9 cM. Approximately 76 to 81% of the Texas bluegrass genome was covered. Two AFLP markers (txbg7 and txbg154) mapped equidistantly (9.5 cM) on opposite sides of the dioecy locus (PDio1) on the paternal map. These markers provide a preliminary tool for studying sex determination and a framework for further characterization of the genomic region conferring dioecy in Texas bluegrass. C1 Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. RP Burson, BL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM b-burson@tamu.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2529 EP 2539 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0144 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100049 ER PT J AU Mian, MAR Zwonitzer, JC Chen, YW Saha, MC Hopkins, AA AF Mian, MAR Zwonitzer, JC Chen, YW Saha, MC Hopkins, AA TI AFLP diversity within and among hardinggrass populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH BROMEGRASS CULTIVARS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; ELYMUS-CANINUS; TALL FESCUE; MARKERS; RAPD; POLYMORPHISM; GERMPLASM; PLAINS AB Little information is available on the genetic diversity of hardinggrass (Phalaris aquatica L.), a cool-season forage grass with potential for use in the southern Great Plains. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity within and among 22 promising hardinggrass populations, including plant introductions (PIs), breeding populations, and one cultivar. Nine plants from each population (198 genotypes) were characterized with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Genotypes were evaluated with nine selective primer combinations of fluorescent-labeled PstI and MseI primers, producing a total of 961 useful AFLP fragments. A high degree of genetic diversity was found, with a greater proportion of the diversity within (74%) rather than among (26%) populations. Clustering of populations on the basis of UPGMA closely followed the geographic origin and breeding history of the populations. Selections led to genetic shifts between two breeding populations, HG PI C1 and HG PI C2, although genetic diversity changed little if at all within these populations on the basis of polymorphism information content (PIC) scores of 0.22 versus 0.19, respectively. Two Moroccan PIs (PI 240248 and PI 517026) represent a distinct germplasm source on the basis of their genetic distances from other populations in the study. Genetic diversity data from this study will be helpful in grouping these accessions for development of breeding populations and various research purposes. C1 USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu NR 39 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2591 EP 2597 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0029 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100056 ER PT J AU Mueller-Warrant, GW Rosato, SC AF Mueller-Warrant, GW Rosato, SC TI Weed control for tall fescue seed production and stand duration without burning SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE REMOVAL METHOD; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; CROP TOLERANCE; HERBICIDES AB Effective weed control was a major concern of Oregon grass seed growers during their recent transition from open-field burning to mechanical methods of managing post-harvest residues. This 4-yr herbicide by residue management study was conducted to determine: (i) efficacy of herbicides on volunteer tall fescue (Festaca arundinacea Schreb.) seedlings and other weeds, (ii) whether treatments required for weed-free seed production could be reapplied annually without damaging stands, (iii) occurrence of interactions between herbicides and crop residue management, and (iv) increases in grassy weeds over time. Nearly all herbicide treatments controlled volunteer tall fescue seedlings with bale/flail chop/rake residue removal. Vacuum sweep residue removal improved control over bale/flail chop/rake in many cases, and controlled seedlings even without herbicides in 1995. Incorporation of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] improved weed control in bale/flail chop/rake and residue-retained conditions. Although carryover treatment effects reduced weed seedling survival in later years of production and sometimes reduced tall fescue seed yield, specific treatments existed which controlled weeds for all 4 yr without reducing yield. Interactions between residue management and herbicide treatments included reduced efficacy of pendimethalin in residue-retained management, higher yields at equal weed densities in residue-removed conditions, and higher weed densities from equivalent herbicide treatments in residue-retained conditions. Roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) increased over time in some treatments and was a major cause for reduced yields in later years of production. Tall fescue seed growers must risk some current-year yield loss from herbicide injury to avoid greater losses in future years from perennial weeds like roughstalk bluegrass. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Mueller-Warrant, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM muellerg@onid.orst.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2614 EP 2628 DI 10.2135/cropsci2003.0375 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100059 ER PT J AU Mebrahtu, T Devine, TE Donald, P Abney, TS AF Mebrahtu, T Devine, TE Donald, P Abney, TS TI Registration of 'Randolph' vegetable soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPES; YIELD C1 Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mebrahtu, T (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, POB 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. EM tmebraht@vsu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2644 EP 2645 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.007 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100063 ER PT J AU Paris, RL Tyler, JM AF Paris, RL Tyler, JM TI Registration of 'Freedom' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Delta & Pine Land Co, Scott, MS 38772 USA. RP Paris, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bparis@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2645 EP 2646 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0685 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100064 ER PT J AU Burton, JW Carter, TE AF Burton, JW Carter, TE TI Registration of 'NC-Roy' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM joe_burton@ncsu.edu NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2654 EP 2654 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0012 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100076 ER PT J AU Haley, SD Quick, JS Johnson, JJ Peairs, FB Stromberger, JA Clayshulte, SR Clifford, BL Rudolph, JB Seabourn, B Chung, OK Jin, Y Kolmer, J AF Haley, SD Quick, JS Johnson, JJ Peairs, FB Stromberger, JA Clayshulte, SR Clifford, BL Rudolph, JB Seabourn, B Chung, OK Jin, Y Kolmer, J TI Registration of 'Hatcher' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scott.haley@colostate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2654 EP 2656 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0030 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100077 ER PT J AU Comstock, JC Glaz, B Edme, SJ Gilbert, RA Miller, JD Tai, PYP Dunckelman, JW Davidson, JO AF Comstock, JC Glaz, B Edme, SJ Gilbert, RA Miller, JD Tai, PYP Dunckelman, JW Davidson, JO TI Registration of 'CP 97-1944' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2659 EP 2660 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0175 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100082 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Edme, SJ Gilbert, RA Comstock, JC Tai, PYP Miller, JD Dunckelman, JW Davidson, JO AF Glaz, B Edme, SJ Gilbert, RA Comstock, JC Tai, PYP Miller, JD Dunckelman, JW Davidson, JO TI Registration of 'CP 97-1989' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2660 EP 2661 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0176 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100083 ER PT J AU Stelly, DM Saha, S Raska, DA Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Gutierrez, OA AF Stelly, DM Saha, S Raska, DA Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Gutierrez, OA TI Registration of 17 upland (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton germplasm lines disomic for different G. barbadense chromosome or arm substitutions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Stelly, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM stelly@tamu.edu NR 4 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2663 EP 2665 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0642 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100086 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of c842 and C842CMS sugarbeet germplasms with resistance to curly top SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES; POPULATIONS; RHIZOMANIA C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rlewellen@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2665 EP 2666 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.008 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100087 ER PT J AU Panella, L Lewellen, RT AF Panella, L Lewellen, RT TI Registration of FC301, monogerm, O-type sugarbeet population with multiple disease resistance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM; RHIZOMANIA; FIELD C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2666 EP 2667 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.009 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100088 ER PT J AU Mergoum, M Frohberg, RC Stack, RW Riveland, N Olson, T Miller, JD AF Mergoum, M Frohberg, RC Stack, RW Riveland, N Olson, T Miller, JD TI Registration of spring wheat germplasm ND 652 resistant to common root rot, leaf, and stem rusts SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Williston Res & Extens Ctr, Williston, ND USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Mergoum, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mohamed.mergoum@ndsu.nodak.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2667 EP 2668 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0190 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100089 ER PT J AU McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN AF McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN TI Registration of 14 primitive derived cotton germplasm lines with improved fiber strength SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVAR CROSSES; VALUES C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jmccarty@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2668 EP 2669 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0281 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100090 ER PT J AU Hanna, W Wilson, J Timper, P AF Hanna, W Wilson, J Timper, P TI Registration of pearl millet parental line tift 454 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31733 USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31733 USA. RP Hanna, W (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31733 USA. EM whanna@tifton.uga.edu NR 1 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2670 EP 2671 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0171 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100092 ER PT J AU Hanna, W Wilson, J Timper, P AF Hanna, W Wilson, J Timper, P TI Registration of pearl millet parental lines tift 99D(2)A(1)/B-1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31733 USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31733 USA. RP Hanna, W (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31733 USA. EM whanna@tifton.uga.edu NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2671 EP 2671 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0172 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100093 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN Tai, TH AF Rutger, JN Tai, TH TI Registration of K/Z mapping population of rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jnrutger@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2671 EP 2672 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0216 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 982GW UT WOS:000233147100094 ER PT J AU Das, SK AF Das, SK TI Body composition measurement in severe obesity SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE body composition; 3-compartment models; extracellular water; severe obesity ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; WEIGHT-LOSS; WOMEN; FAT; WATER; VALIDATION; BROMIDE; ADULTS; MODEL; FLUID AB Purpose of review Severe obesity is accompanied by large increases in fat mass and alterations in the composition of fat free mass, in particular total body water and its extracellular compartment. The physical size limitations imposed by severe obesity, and variations in body composition from that of normal weight, pose tremendous challenges to the measurement of body composition. This review focuses on some of the methodological and practical issues associated with the use of common body composition methods, and identifies available published information on feasible methods for use in the severely obese. Recent findings There is little published research regarding what body composition methods can be used with confidence in the severely obese populations. A simple three-compartment model combining measurements of body density by air displacement plethysmography and total body water by bio-electrical impedance can provide measurements of percentage body fat in the severely obese that are comparable with a traditional, highly technical three-compartment model requiring facilities such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry along with a substantial technical expertise. Summary This review highlights some of the basic challenges faced by researchers and clinicians when conducting body composition assessments in severely obese patients. A simple three-compartment model that is accurate and easy to perform appears to be promising for use in this population. Further research is needed, however, on this and other feasible methods of body composition assessment in a diverse group of severely obese people. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Energy Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Das, SK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Energy Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Room 1314A,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sai.das@tufts.edu NR 34 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 BP 602 EP 606 DI 10.1097/01.mco.0000171122.60665.5f PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 987OK UT WOS:000233527000003 PM 16205459 ER PT J AU Caperna, TJ Shannon, AE Poch, SM Garrett, WM Richards, MP AF Caperna, TJ Shannon, AE Poch, SM Garrett, WM Richards, MP TI Hormonal regulation of leptin receptor expression in primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pig hepatocytes; glycogen; T3; leptin receptors; leptin ID GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; GLYCOGEN-STORAGE; THYROID-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VIVO; INSULIN; GENE; RAT; PIG; GLUCONEOGENESIS AB A study was conducted to elucidate hormonal control of leptin receptor gene expression in primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from pigs (52 kg) and seeded into collagen-coated T-25 flasks. Monolayer cultures were established in medium containing fetal bovine serum for 1 day and switched to a serum-free medium for the remainder of the 3-day culture period. To establish basal conditions hepatocytes were maintained in serum-free medium containing 10 nM dexamethasone and 1 ng/ml insulin. For the final 24 h, insulin (1 or 100 ng/ml) or glucagon (100 ng/ml), were added in the presence or absence of 100 nM triiodothyronine (T3). RNA was extracted and quantitative RT-PCR was performed with primers specific for the long form and total porcine leptin receptors. Leptin receptor expression was calculated relative to co-amplified 18S rRNA. Expression of the long form of the leptin receptor was confirmed under basal conditions. Insulin, glucagon and synthetic human proteins (ghrelin and GLP-1) at 100 ng/ml had no influence on leptin receptor expression; the addition of T3 was associated with a marked increase (P < 0.001) in expression of total and long forms of the leptin receptor by 1.6 and 2.4-fold, respectively. Addition of leptin to cells which were pre-treated with T3 for 24 h (to up-regulate leptin receptor expression), confirmed the lack of a direct effect of leptin on glucagon-induced glycogen turnover and cAMP production. These data suggest that porcine hepatocytes may be insensitive to leptin stimulation even when leptin receptor expression is enhanced by T3. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caperna, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 200,Room 202,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM caperna@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 29 IS 4 BP 582 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.03.005 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 977TI UT WOS:000232825700002 PM 16213991 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH AF Riitters, KH TI Downscaling indicators of forest habitat structure from national assessments SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; habitat; scale; spatial analysis; spatial pattern ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPES; ECOLOGY; SCALE AB Downscaling is an important problem because consistent large-area assessments of forest habitat structure, while feasible, are only feasible when using relatively coarse data and indicators. Techniques are needed to enable more detailed and local interpretations of the national statistics. Using the results of national assessments from land-cover maps, this paper demonstrates downscaling in the spatial domain, and in the domain of the habitat model. A moving window device was used to measure structure (habitat amount and connectivity), and those indicators were then analyzed and combined with other information in various ways to illustrate downscaling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.04.003 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 974MA UT WOS:000232594500002 ER PT J AU Brown, PM Wu, R AF Brown, PM Wu, R TI Climate and disturbance forcing of episodic tree recruitment in a southwestern ponderosa pine landscape SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendroecology; density-independent population dynamics; drought; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; fire regimes; tree demography; tree recruitment ID HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; AGE STRUCTURE; FOREST; PATTERNS; USA; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION AB Strong but relatively short (annual to decadal length) climate change can have broad-scale and long-lasting effects on forest communities. Climate impacts forests through direct effects on tree demography (mortality and overstory recruitment) and indirect effects on disturbance regimes. Here, we compare multicentury chronologies of tree recruitment from a 307-ha ponderosa pine forest in southwestern Colorado to reconstructions of fire years, hydroclimate, and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Few trees predate a regional multiyear megadrought centered in the 1580s. A prolonged pluvial in the early-1600s resulted in a pulse of tree recruitment that corresponds to recruitment seen over much of the Southwest. Other cohorts in the early 1700s and mid-1800s established during multidecadal fire-quiescent periods. These periods correspond to shifts in ENSO that apparently resulted in dampening of interannual wet/dry oscillations responsible for fuel buildup and drying. Fires, mediated by stochastic climate variation, acted as a density-independent regulation on tree populations since establishment was not limited by overstory tree density, but rather by fire-caused mortality of seedlings and saplings during periods of more frequent fires. Even-aged cohorts in ponderosa pine forests likely have little if anything to do with episodic mortality caused by more severe fires, but rather relate mainly to episodic recruitment opportunities. Fire cessation after Euro-American settlement in the late 1800s resulted in an increase in tree density and changes in forest composition, which are major factors that have contributed to recent severe wildfires in other Southwestern forests. Our results document clear linkages between synoptic climate forcing, fires, and recruitment episodes, and highlight the importance of regional historical processes on contemporary forest composition and structure. C1 Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Brown, PM (reprint author), Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res Inc, 2901 Moore Lane, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pmb@rmtrr.org NR 44 TC 135 Z9 139 U1 8 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 86 IS 11 BP 3030 EP 3038 DI 10.1890/05-0034 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986AB UT WOS:000233419600019 ER PT J AU Potter, C Tan, PN Kumar, V Kucharik, C Klooster, S Genovese, V Cohen, W Healey, S AF Potter, C Tan, PN Kumar, V Kucharik, C Klooster, S Genovese, V Cohen, W Healey, S TI Recent history of large-scale ecosystem disturbances in North America derived from the AVHRR satellite record SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem disturbance; remote sensing; fire; drought; forests ID LAND-USE CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CARBON; BIOMASS; EMISSIONS; FIRE; DEFORESTATION; VARIABILITY; FORESTS AB Ecosystem structure and function are strongly affected by disturbance events, many of which in North America are associated with seasonal temperature extremes, wildfires, and tropical storms. This study was conducted to evaluate patterns in a 19-year record of global satellite observations of vegetation phenology from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) as a means to characterize major ecosystem disturbance events and regimes. The fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) by vegetation canopies worldwide has been computed at a monthly time interval from 1982 to 2000 and gridded at a spatial resolution of 8-km globally. Potential disturbance events were identified in the FPAR time series by locating anomalously low values (FPAR-LO) that lasted longer than 12 consecutive months at any 8-km pixel. We can find verifiable evidence of numerous disturbance types across North America, including major regional patterns of cold and heat waves, forest fires, tropical storms, and large-scale forest logging. Summed over 19 years, areas potentially influenced by major ecosystem disturbances (one FPAR-LO event over the period 1982-2000) total to more than 766,000 km(2). The periods of highest detection frequency were 1987-1989, 1995-1997, and 1999. Sub-continental regions of the Pacific Northwest, Alaska, and Central Canada had the highest proportion (> 90%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in forests, tundra shrublands, and wetland areas. The Great Lakes region showed the highest proportion (39%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in cropland areas, whereas the western United States showed the highest proportion (16%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in grassland areas. Based on this analysis, an historical picture is emerging of periodic droughts and heat waves, possibly coupled with herbivorous insect outbreaks, as among the most important causes of ecosystem disturbance in North America. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Potter, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov OI Kucharik, Christopher/0000-0002-0400-758X NR 49 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7 BP 808 EP 824 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0041-6 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984TF UT WOS:000233326500006 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Lin, ZQ AF Banuelos, GS Lin, ZQ TI Phytoremediation management of selenium-laden drainage sediments in the San Luis Drain: a greenhouse feasibility study SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; selenium; drainage sediment ID VOLATILIZATION; SOILS; PLANTS; WATER AB An estimated 100,000 m 3 selenium (Se)-laden drainage sediment resides in the San Luis Drain (SLD) of Central California. This greenhouse study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of growing salt- and boron-tolerant plant species in sediment for reduction of Se content by plant extraction. Drainage sediment was collected from the SLD and mixed with control soil (i.e., uncontaminated soil) to the following ratios (sediment:control soil) by volume: 0:3 (i.e., control soil only), 1:2 (i.e., 1/3 sediment and 2/3 control soil), 2:1 (i.e., 2/3 sediment and 1/3 control soil), and 3:0 (i.e., sediment only). Salt-tolerant plant species consisted of canola (Brassica napus var. Hyola 420), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea var. An Triumph), salado grass (Sporobulus airoides), and cordgrass (Spartina patens var. Flageo). Increased ratios of sediment:soil resulted in decreased dry matter production for all tested plant species; especially at ratios of sediment:soil greater than 1:2. Plant Se concentrations (mg kg(-1) DM) ranged as follows for plant species at all ratios of sediment:soil: canola (51-72), tall fescue (16-36), and cordgrass and salado grass (9-14). Total Se concentrations in the soil were at least 20% lower at postharvest compared to preplant concentrations for all plant species at each ratio of sediment:soil. In contrast, water-extractable Se concentrations in the soil were at least three times higher at postharvest than at preplant for all plant species, irrespective of the ratio of sediment:soil. Leaching of Se occurred in irrigated bare pots from each respective ratio of sediment:soil over a duration of 60 days. Based upon the downward movement of Se in bare pots of sediment:soil, it may be more prudent to leave the drainage sediment in the SLD, incorporate clean soil, and then grow low maintenance salt-tolerant plants (e.g., cordgrass, salado grass) in the concrete-lined canal. By this means, possible contamination of groundwater with soluble Se will be eliminated, while phytoremediation slowly reduces Se content in the drainage sediment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.10.013 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 979RE UT WOS:000232961700001 PM 16216624 ER PT J AU Day, D Evans, RJ Lee, JW Reicosky, D AF Day, D Evans, RJ Lee, JW Reicosky, D TI Economical CO(2), SO(x), and NO(x) capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Energy Workshop CY JUN 24-26, 2003 CL Laxenburg, AUSTRIA ID CHARCOAL AB The objective of this project was to investigate and demonstrate production methods at a continuous, bench-scale level and generate sufficient material for an initial evaluation of a potentially profitable method of producing bioenergy and sequestering carbon. The novel process uses agricultural, forestry, and waste biomass to produce hydrogen using pyrolysis and reforming technologies conducted in a 50 kg/h pilot demonstration. The test runs produced a novel, nitrogen-enriched, slow-release, carbon-sequestering fertilizer. Seven kilograms of the material were produced for further plant growth response testing. A pyrolysis temperature profile was discovered that results in a carbon char with an affinity for capturing CO(2) through gas phase reaction with mixed nitrogen-carrying nutrient compounds within the pore structures of the carbon char. A bench-scale project demonstrated a continuous process fluidized-bed agglomerating process. The total amount of CO(2) sequestration was managed by controlling particle discharge rates based on density. The patent-pending process is particularly applicable to fossil-fuel power plants as it also removes SO(x) and NO(x), does not require energy-intensive carbon dioxide separation and operates at ambient temperature and pressure. The method of sequestration uses existing farm fertilizer distribution infrastructure to deliver a carbon that is highly resistant to microbiological decomposition. The physical structure of carbon material provides a framework for building an NPK fertilizer inside the pore structure and creating a physical slow-release mechanism of these nutrients. The complete process produces three times as much hydrogen as it consumes making it a net energy producer for the affiliated power plant. See http://www.eprida.com/hydro. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Epirda Inc, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Day, D (reprint author), Epirda Inc, 6300 Powers Ferry Rd,Suite 307, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. EM danny.day@eprida.com NR 34 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD NOV PY 2005 VL 30 IS 14 BP 2558 EP 2579 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.07.016 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 952CV UT WOS:000230980500004 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, OP TI Laboratory predation and scavenging of three ground beetle (Carabidae) species from the USA on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Chlaenius tomentosus; Cicindela punctulata; Scarites subterraneus; Carabidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; Lepidoptera; predation; scavenging; agronomic ID CALOSOMA-SAYI COLEOPTERA AB Chlaenius tomentosus, Cicindela punctulata, and Scarites subterraneus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were evaluated in the laboratory for their ability to survive on a diet of either live or dead lepidopteran larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda) as compared to the absence of food. All three species survived at least twice as long on prey, alive or dead, than on a regime without food. The significance of this finding is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Grain Insects Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 116 IS 5 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 015NI UT WOS:000235557700010 ER PT J AU Boivin, A Amellal, S Schiavon, M van Genuchten, MT AF Boivin, A Amellal, S Schiavon, M van Genuchten, MT TI 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) sorption and degradation dynamics in three agricultural soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE sorption; mineralization; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); bound residues; water quality ID MINERALIZATION; HERBICIDES; BENTAZONE; RESIDUES; ATRAZINE AB The fate and transport of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the subsurface is affected by a complex, time-dependent interplay between sorption and mineralization processes. 2,4-D is biodegradable in soils, while adsorption/desorption is influenced by both soil organic matter content and soil pH. In order to assess the dynamic interactions between sorption and mineralization, 2,4-D mineralization experiments were carried using three different soils (clay, loam and sand) assuming different contact times. Mineralization appeared to be the main process limiting 2,4-D availability, with each soil containing its own 2,4-D decomposers. For the clay and the loamy soils, 45 and 48% of the applied dose were mineralized after 10 days. By comparison, mineralization in the sandy soil proceeded initially much slower because of longer lag times. While 2,4-D residues immediately after application were readily available (> 93% was extractable), the herbicide was present in a mostly unavailable state (< 2% extractable) in all three soils after incubation for 60 days. We found that the total amount of bound residue decreased between 30 and 60 incubation days. Bioaccumulation may have led to reversible immobilization, with some residues later becoming more readily available again to extraction and/or mineralization. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. INPL, UMR 1120, ENSAIA, INRIA 2,Lab Sols & Environm, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Boivin, A (reprint author), USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aboivin@ussl.ars.usda.gov; samira.amellal@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr; michel.schiavon@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr; rvang@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 27 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 138 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953KM UT WOS:000231075200011 PM 16023914 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Leytem, AB Verwey, S AF Entry, JA Leytem, AB Verwey, S TI Influence of solid dairy manure and compost with and without alum on survival of indicator bacteria in soil and on potato SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE dairy manure; dairy compost; Al(SO4)(3); alum; enteric bacteria; fresh vegetables ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; WASTE-WATER; RIPARIAN FILTERSTRIPS; SALAD VEGETABLES; POLYACRYLAMIDE; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; MICROORGANISMS; VEGETATION; ORGANISMS AB We measured Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in soil and on fresh potato skins after addition of solid dairy manure and dairy compost with and without alum (Al-2(SO4)(3)) treatment 1, 7, 14, 28, 179 and 297 days after application. The addition of dairy compost or solid dairy manure at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake did not consistently increase E. coli and Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform, bacteria in the soil. We did not detect E. coli in any soil sample after the first sampling day. Seven, 14, 28, 179 and 297 days after solid dairy waste and compost and alum were applied to soil, alum did not consistently affect Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform bacteria in the soil. We did not detect E. coli in any soil, fresh potato skin or potato wash-water at 214 days after dairy manure or compost application regardless of alum treatment. Dairy compost or solid dairy manure application to soil at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake did not consistently increase Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in bulk soil. Solid dairy manure application to soil at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake, increased Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in potato rhizosphere soil. However, fresh potato skins had higher Enterococcus spp,. and fecal coliform numbers when solid dairy manure was added to soil compared to compost, N and P inorganic fertilizer and N fertilizer treatments. We did not find any E. coli, Enterococcus or total coliform bacteria on the exterior of the tuber, within the peel or within a whole baked potato after microwave cooking for 5 min. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N,3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 138 IS 2 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955CG UT WOS:000231201800003 PM 15978710 ER PT J AU Engeman, RA Nielson, RM Sugihara, RT AF Engeman, RA Nielson, RM Sugihara, RT TI Evaluation of optimized variable area transect sampling using totally enumerated field data sets SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE density estimation; distance sampling; spatial pattern ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; DENSITY AB Plotless density estimators (PDEs) can be efficient alternatives to quadrat sampling for estimating the density of stationary objects. Variable area transect (VAT) sampling had been identified, and optimized relative to effort, in previous Monte Carlo simulated population studies as a low-labor field method that demonstrated superior estimation properties among many PDEs considered. However, natural populations tend to be much more complex and less predictable in spatial distribution than computer generated populations. Therefore, we carried out a Monte Carlo simulation study that used 17 fully enumerated field populations rather than simulated populations. These natural populations represented a variety of population densities and spatial patterns. We focused on assessing the effect of the number of population members searched for along each transect (r), sample size, and transect width on estimation quality. Using relative root mean-squared error and relative bias as criteria, the optimal range for r was 5 to 7 population members encountered from each start point. Sample size was best if n > 20, but returns in estimation quality diminished by n = 40. Transect width was previously uninvestigated and found to be the most important design factor affecting estimation quality. Field studies should strive for transects as wide as logistically reasonable. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, Wildlife Serv, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Engeman, RA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 7 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1002/env.736 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 975SW UT WOS:000232683200006 ER PT J AU Gaffoor, I Brown, DW Plattner, R Proctor, RH Qi, WH Trail, F AF Gaffoor, I Brown, DW Plattner, R Proctor, RH Qi, WH Trail, F TI Functional analysis of the polyketide synthase genes in the filamentous fungus Gibberella zeae (Anamorph Fusarium graminearum) SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID NIDULANS-WA GENE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SECONDARY METABOLISM; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; ROSEUM GRAMINEARUM; SPECIES COMPLEX; BIOSYNTHESIS; ZEARALENONE; AUROFUSARIN; FUJIKUROI AB Polyketides are a class of secondary metabolites that exhibit a vast diversity of form and function. In fungi, these compounds are produced by large, multidomain enzymes classified as type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). In this study we identified and functionally disrupted 15 PKS genes from the genome of the filamentous fungus Gibberella zeae. Five of these genes are responsible for producing the mycotoxins zearalenone, aurofusarin, and fusarin C and the black perithecial pigment. A comprehensive expression analysis of the 15 genes revealed diverse expression patterns during grain colonization, plant colonization, sexual development, and mycelial growth. Expression of one of the PKS genes was not detected under any of 18 conditions tested. This is the first study to genetically characterize a complete set of PKS genes from a single organism. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Trail, F (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM trail@msu.edu NR 62 TC 121 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1926 EP 1933 DI 10.1128/EC.4.11.1926-1933.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 985HL UT WOS:000233368100017 PM 16278459 ER PT J AU Tuna, M Vogel, KP Arumuganathan, K AF Tuna, M Vogel, KP Arumuganathan, K TI Genome size and Giemsa C-banded karyotype of tetraploid Bromus ciliatus L. SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Bromus; genome size; karyotypes; nuclear DNA content; C-banding; taxonomy ID MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES; BANDING PATTERNS; HYBRIDS; INERMIS AB Tetraploid Bromus ciliatus L. is a North American bromegrass that has been placed in the Pnigma section of Bromus. The objective of this study was to characterize the genome of tetraploid B. ciliatus by cytogenetic methods and compare it to the genomes of other species included in the section Pnigma. All the plants of the accession (USDA PI 232214) selected for chromosome counting were tetraploids (2n = 28). The mean 2C nuclear DNA content for tetraploid B. ciliatus was 19.13 +/- 0.07 pg as determined by flow cytometry which is significantly greater than the tetraploid DNA content of B. inermis Leyss. (11.74 +/- 0.16 pg). C-banding procedures were used to identify individual mitotic chromosomes and to develop a karyotype for B. ciliatus. The genome of the tetraploid B. ciliatus consisted of 16 median chromosomes, eight submedian chromosomes, and four chromosomes with satellites which included one pair with a large satellite and one pair with a small satellite. The general pattern of the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in B. ciliatus was quite different than the other bromegrasses that have been analyzed to date. Except for two pairs of chromosomes, all chromosomes in tetraploid B. ciliatus had telomeric bands on one or both arms. Some of the chromosomes with telomeric bands had centromeric bands that were located at one or both sides of the centromere and intercalary bands which were generally absent in the other bromegrass species. It was possible to identify all chromosomes of tetraploid B. ciliatus and to match the pairs of homologous chromosomes by using chromosome lengths, arm length ratios and C-banding patterns. The results of this study indicate that tetraploid B. ciliatus has different genomes than the European species evaluated to date in the section Pnigma. C1 Univ Trakya, Tekirdag Agr Fac, Dept Agron, Tekirdag, Turkey. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68507 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Tuna, M (reprint author), Univ Trakya, Tekirdag Agr Fac, Dept Agron, Tekirdag, Turkey. EM mtuna@tu.tzf.edu.tr NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-5341-6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 988XE UT WOS:000233634000021 ER PT J AU Ayala-Zavala, JF Wang, SY Wang, CY Gonzalez-Aguilar, GA AF Ayala-Zavala, JF Wang, SY Wang, CY Gonzalez-Aguilar, GA TI Methyl jasmonate in conjunction with ethanol treatment increases antioxidant capacity, volatile compounds and postharvest life of strawberry fruit SO EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; volatile compounds; methyl jasmonate; ethanol; strawberry ID CHILLING INJURY; TOMATO FRUIT; SCAVENGING CAPACITY; QUALITY; STORAGE; TEMPERATURES; FLAVOR; AROMA; VAPOR; DECAY AB The antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, volatile compounds, and postharvest quality of strawberry fruit were evaluated after treatment with natural antimicrobial compounds and during storage at 7.5 degrees C. Strawberries treated with methyl jasmonate (MJ) in conjunction with ethanol (MJ-ETOH) showed higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and anthocyanins than those treated with ethanol or control (non-treated). MJ-ETOH and ethanol treatments also increased volatile compounds during storage period. However, individual volatile compounds were affected differently. Methyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, butyl acetate, and hexyl acetate increased, while ethyl butanoate, 3-hexenyl acetate, and methyl hexanoate decreased during storage. The postharvest life was longer for those berries treated with MJ-ETOH and MJ than for those treated with ethanol or control fruit. In conclusion, strawberries treated with MJ-ETOH maintained an acceptable overall quality for the longest storage duration and retained higher levels of volatile compounds; also, berries treated with MJ showed the highest antioxidant capacity compared with other treatments during the postharvest period. C1 Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CIAD AC, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1438-2377 J9 EUR FOOD RES TECHNOL JI Eur. Food Res. Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 221 IS 6 BP 731 EP 738 DI 10.1007/s00217-005-0069-z PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 980BT UT WOS:000232989600002 ER PT J AU Combs, GF Hassan, N AF Combs, GF Hassan, N TI The Chakaria food system study: household-level, case-control study to identify risk factor for rickets in Bangladesh SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE rickets; food system; survey; community; calcium; household ID NUTRITIONAL RICKETS; VITAMIN-D; NIGERIAN CHILDREN; CALCIUM; PNEUMONIA; BORON AB Objective: A comprehensive, multiround survey of local food systems in a rickets-endemic area of Bangladesh was conducted to identify household-level risk factors for rickets. Design: A household-level, case - control study was conducted in a rickets-endemic area, Chakaria, with planned comparisons between households with one or more rachitic child and neighboring households with no affected children. Setting: A rickets-endemic area of southeastern Bangladesh, Chakaria. Subjects and methods: An interview-based survey was conducted in six villages in Chakaria with 199 households with at least one child showing physical signs consistent with rickets and 281 households with no affected children. Results: Households with rachitic children in Chakaria had more children, more pregnant or lactating women, and fewer adults than unaffected households in that community. Affected households tended to rely on farming for their livelihood and tended to have less economic activity as indicated by less outstanding debt than their neighbors. Households with rickets were at significantly greater risk of pneumonia than were other households. Calcium undernutrition was severe and widespread in Chakaria due to a food system that offered very little of the element in accessible forms. Household diets were based on cereals and starchy vegetables. Rice and fish constituted the major source of calcium for most households, although dairy products, when used, were very important calcium sources, particularly for young children. In fact, the use of dairy products was the only household choice that led to substantial increases in the calcium intakes of children, and households that used dairy products tended to show increased calcium intakes for all of their members. Conclusions: The risk of a Chakarian household having a child with rickets appeared to be related to its economic status. Although this might be expected to be manifest as limitations in food access and/or use, rickets households failed to show a dietary pattern associated with rickets. Calcium undernutrition was prevalent and, thus, would appear to be a predisposing factor for rickets; however, calcium undernutrition was prevalent in Chakarian households with and without rickets. Therefore, it is probable that another precipitating factor(s) play a role(s) in the etiology of rickets in Chakaria. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Dhaka, Inst Nutr & Food Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gcombs@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1291 EP 1301 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602242 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 980LC UT WOS:000233019000009 PM 16047028 ER PT J AU Wang, JX LeDoux, CB Edwards, P Jones, M AF Wang, JX LeDoux, CB Edwards, P Jones, M TI Soil bulk density changes caused by mechanized harvesting: A case study in central Appalachia SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY PINE; COMPACTION; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH AB A mechanized harvesting system consisting of a feller-buncher and a grapple skidder was examined to quantify soil bulk density changes in a central Appalachian hardwood forest site. Soil bulk density was measured using a nuclear gauge pre-harvest and post-harvest systematically across the harvest unit and on transects across skid trails. Bulk density also was measured in the skid trails in a subset of the transects after the first 10 loaded machine passes. Post-harvest soil bulk density of 954.4 kg/m(3) was not significantly different from the pre-harvest bulk density of 925.2 kg/m(3) across the site. Grapple skidding resulted in significant bulk density changes in the skid trails. Results suggest that most of the soil bulk density changes in the skid trails occurred after the first loaded machine pass. Our findings suggest that the use of tracked feller-bunchers to fell and bunch the trees results in the minimum changes to soil bulk density across a harvest site. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jxwang@wvu.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 55 IS 11 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 984SD UT WOS:000233323700005 ER PT J AU Han, JS Min, SH Kim, YK AF Han, JS Min, SH Kim, YK TI Removal of phosphorus using AMD-treated lignocellulosic material SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; PHOSPHATE; ADSORPTION; IRON; EXCHANGERS; KINETICS; SORBENT; BINDING; NI(II); IONS AB Excess nutrients, including phosphorus, can cause eutrophication in surface water and reservoirs. We tested the phosphate removal capacity of juniper fiber through isotherm, kinetic, column, and field tests. Heavy metals from an acid mine drainage (AMD) site were precipitated on the surface of jumper fiber. The modified fiber was tested in laboratory-scaled batch and column tests. Elemental analysis showed that soluble iron species deposited on the modified fiber acted as an inorganic adsorbent for anions; sorption capacity of this juniper fiber was higher than that of other conventional adsorbents. A pseudo second-order kinetic model fitted well for sorption of phosphorus onto the modified medium. The modified lignocellulosic material was used to remove phosphorus from wastewater from two dairy farms in the Catskill/Delaware watershed. The fiber was installed inside a filter box, forming a nonwoven mat. Phosphorus removal efficiency of the material was about 41 percent at 59 mg/L of influent phosphorus concentration. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Div Environm & Geosyst Engn, Chunchon, South Korea. EM james.han@runbox.com; smin@fs.fed.us; yeong@kangwon.ac.kr NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 55 IS 11 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 984SD UT WOS:000233323700007 ER PT J AU Hwang, CY Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Hwang, CY Hse, CY Shupe, TF TI Effects of recycled fiber on the properties of fiberboard panels SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This study examined the effects of recycled and virgin wood fiber on the properties of fiberboard. Replacing virgin fiber with recycled fiber adversely affected physical and mechanical properties of fiberboard. Bending properties and dimensional stability were linearly dependent on virgin fiber ratios. Based on strength properties, panels with 20 and 40 percent recycled fiber contents conformed to standards for class 4-service and class 5-industrialite hardboard, respectively. All panels with recycled fiber content greater than 40 percent failed to meet any commercial requirement. C1 Taiwan Forest Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. USDA Forest Serv, Pineville, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Hwang, CY (reprint author), Taiwan Forest Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. EM chinyin@serv.tfri.gov.tw; chse@fs.fed.us; tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 55 IS 11 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 984SD UT WOS:000233323700009 ER PT J AU Williams, RS Swan, L Sotos, P Knaebe, M Feist, WC AF Williams, RS Swan, L Sotos, P Knaebe, M Feist, WC TI Performance of finishes on western juniper lumber and particleboard during outdoor exposure SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The increasing number of western juniper trees per acre and the expansion of its range is resulting in watershed degradation, loss of site productivity, decrease in forage production, loss of wildlife habitat, and overall reduction in biodiversity. Previous studies and anecdotal evidence indicate western juniper has fairly good resistance to decay and insect attack, and it might be suitable for decking and siding applications as well as for particleboard furnish. We evaluated the performance of smooth-planed and saw-textured western juniper lumber and particleboard finished with a variety of paints and stains. Our objectives were to evaluate substrate stability (resistance to checking and warping), aboveground durability, and susceptibility to discoloration and mildew growth. We found that the performance of western juniper is similar to that of other highly colored and dimensionally stable wood species such as western redcedar. Western jumper is somewhat prone to mildew and extractives bleed through some paints. The two-coat latex paint was effective in blocking extractive bleed from lumber, but discoloration was a serious problem with particleboard. Clear penetrating finishes lasted only I to 2 years, and semitransparent finishes performed well only on saw-textured lumber. Two-coat, film-forming finishes gave excellent performance on both smooth-planed and saw-textured lumber. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Williams, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rswilliams@fs.fed.us; lswan01@fs.fed.us; psotos@fs.fed.us; mkoaebe@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 55 IS 11 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 984SD UT WOS:000233323700010 ER PT J AU Christiansen, AW AF Christiansen, AW TI Chemical and mechanical aspects of HMR primer in relationship to wood bonding SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESORCINOL COUPLING AGENT; DURABLE EPOXY BONDS; DURABILITY; FORMALDEHYDE; ADHESIVES AB The mechanism by which hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) primer improves the durability of various adhesives to wood has been hypothesized as covalent chemical links between the adhesive and primer and possibly between the primer and wood. The present work presents experiments to test this hypothesis. In the first test, some resorcinol was displaced by 2-methylresoreinol at various levels to decrease crosslinking but retain hydroxymethyl groups on the active primer for reaction with adhesive and possibly with wood. Increased substitution for resorcinol produced lower durability, which indicates that reduced crosslinking in the primer leads to performance loss. In the second test, HNIR-primed wood was stored at elevated temperature and/or long times (up to 3 months) before being bonded with an epoxy adhesive. These extreme storage conditions were expected to allow any remaining hydroxymethyl groups to react and be consumed, if possible, before adhesive was applied. This treatment had no effect on bond durability. The results indicate that the mechanism for durability enhancement likely lies not in chemical reactions with the adhesive, but in some mechanical stabilization of the wood surface. In addition, the results demonstrated that HMR-primed wood has excellent bondability to epoxy resin and does not require that the surface be replaned, even after 3 months of storage. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Christiansen, AW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM achristiansen@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 55 IS 11 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 984SD UT WOS:000233323700011 ER PT J AU Ellison, AM Bank, MS Clinton, BD Colburn, EA Elliott, K Ford, CR Foster, DR Kloeppel, BD Knoepp, JD Lovett, GM Mohan, J Orwig, DA Rodenhouse, NL Sobczak, WV Stinson, KA Stone, JK Swan, CM Thompson, J Von Holle, B Webster, JR AF Ellison, AM Bank, MS Clinton, BD Colburn, EA Elliott, K Ford, CR Foster, DR Kloeppel, BD Knoepp, JD Lovett, GM Mohan, J Orwig, DA Rodenhouse, NL Sobczak, WV Stinson, KA Stone, JK Swan, CM Thompson, J Von Holle, B Webster, JR TI Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID EASTERN HEMLOCK; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; INTRODUCED PATHOGEN; AMERICAN CHESTNUT; DECLINE; PATTERNS; GEOMETRY; IMPACTS; CANOPY; PEST AB In many forested ecosystems, the architecture and functional ecology of certain tree species define forest structure and their species-specific traits control ecosystem dynamics. Such foundation tree species are declining throughout the world due to introductions and outbreaks of pests and pathogens, selective removal of individual taxa, and over-harvesting. Through a series of case studies, we show that the loss of foundation tree species changes the local environment on which a variety of other species depend; how this disrupts fundamental ecosystem processes, including rates of decomposition, nutrient fluxes, carbon sequestration, and energy flow; and dramatically alters the dynamics of associated aquatic ecosystems. Forests in which dynamics are controlled by one or a few foundation species appear to be dominated by a small number of strong interactions and may be highly susceptible to alternating between stable states following even small perturbations. The ongoing decline of many foundation species provides a set of important, albeit unfortunate, opportunities to develop the research tools, models, and metrics needed to identify foundation species, anticipate the cascade of immediate, short- and long-term changes in ecosystem structure and function that will follow from their loss, and provide options for remedial conservation and management. C1 Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. Coll Holy Cross, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ellison, AM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest,324 N Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. EM aellison@fas.harvard.edu RI Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Thompson, Jill/K-2200-2012; OI Thompson, Jill/0000-0002-4370-2593; Swan, Christopher/0000-0002-9763-9630; Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783; Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Ellison, Aaron/0000-0003-4151-6081 NR 52 TC 643 Z9 664 U1 43 U2 324 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 3 IS 9 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0479:LOFSCF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 982BI UT WOS:000233131400020 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Horn, BW Dorner, JW AF Chang, PK Horn, BW Dorner, JW TI Sequence breakpoints in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and flanking regions in nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breakpoint; deletion; gene cluster; Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin; cyclopiazonic acid; sclerotia; inverse PCR; telomere ID CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID PRODUCTION; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; UNITED-STATES; SECTION FLAVI; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; PARASITICUS; EVOLUTION; NIDULANS; PATHWAY; FUSARIUM AB Aspergillus flavus populations are genetically diverse. Isolates that produce either, neither, or both aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) are present in the field. We investigated defects in the aflatoxin gene cluster in 38 nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates collected from southern United States. PCR assays using aflatoxin-gene-specific primers grouped these isolates into eight (A-H) deletion patterns. Patterns Q E, G, and H, which contain >= 40 kb deletions, were examined for their sequence breakpoints. Pattern C has one breakpoint in the cypA 3' untranslated region (UTR) and another in the verA coding region. Pattern E has a breakpoint in the amd/A coding region and another in the ver1 5'UTR. Pattern G contains a deletion identical to the one found in pattern C and has another deletion that extends from the cypA coding region to one end of the chromosome as suggested by the presence of telomeric sequence repeats, CCCTAATGTTGA. Pattern H has a deletion of the entire aflatoxin gene cluster from the hexA coding region in the sugar utilization gene cluster to the telomeric region. Thus, deletions in the aflatoxin gene cluster among A. flavus isolates are not rare, and the patterns appear to be diverse. Genetic drift may be a driving force that is responsible for the loss of the entire aflatoxin gene cluster in nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates when aflatoxins have lost their adaptive value in nature. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 107 Z9 118 U1 4 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 42 IS 11 BP 914 EP 923 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.07.004 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 986BI UT WOS:000233423300004 PM 16154781 ER PT J AU Gale, LR Bryant, JD Calvo, S Giese, H Katan, T O'Donnell, K Suga, H Taga, M Usgaard, TR Ward, TJ Kistler, HC AF Gale, LR Bryant, JD Calvo, S Giese, H Katan, T O'Donnell, K Suga, H Taga, M Usgaard, TR Ward, TJ Kistler, HC TI Chromosome complement of the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum based on genetic and physical mapping and cytological observations SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; WHEAT SCAB; RECOMBINATION; GENOME; POLYMORPHISM; MUTANTS; MICROSCOPY AB A genetic map of the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Gibberella zeae) was constructed to both validate and augment the draft whole-genome sequence assembly of strain PH-1. A mapping population was created from a cross between Mutants of the sequenced strain (PH-1 NRRL 31084, originally isolated from Michigan) and a field strain from Minnesota (00-676, NRRL 34097). A total of I I I ascospore progeny were analyzed for segregation at 235 loci. Genetic markers consisted of sequence-tagged sites, primarily detected as dCAPS or CAPS (n = 131) and VNTRs (n = 31), in addition to AFLPs (n = 66) and 7 other markers. While most markers exhibited Mendelian inheritance, segregation distortion was observed for 25 predominantly clustered markers. A linkage map was generated using the Kosambi mapping function, using a LOD threshold value of 1.5. Nine linkage groups were detected, covering 1234 cM and anchoring 99.83% of the draft sequence assembly. The nine linkage groups and the 22 anchored scaffolds from the sequence assembly could be assembled into four chromosomes, leaving only five smaller scaffolds (59,630bp total) of the nuclear DNA unanchored. A chromosome number of four was confirmed by cytological karyotyping. Further analysis of the genetic map data identified variation in recombination rate in different genomic regions that often spanned several hundred kilobases. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Ecol, Sect Genet & Microbiol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Gifu Univ, Life Sci Res Ctr, Div Genom Res, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kckist@umn.edu RI Taga, Masatoki/B-2089-2011; OI Giese, Henriette/0000-0002-5284-4155 NR 38 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 171 IS 3 BP 985 EP 1001 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.044842 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 993PK UT WOS:000233967200011 PM 16079234 ER PT J AU Zhao, SH Recknor, J Lunney, JK Nettleton, D Kuhar, D Orley, S Tuggle, CK AF Zhao, SH Recknor, J Lunney, JK Nettleton, D Kuhar, D Orley, S Tuggle, CK TI Validation of a first-generation long-oligonucleotide microarray for transcriptional profiling in the pig SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE pig; long oligonucleotide microarray; transcriptional profiling; tissue ID DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; NORMAL HUMAN TISSUES; CDNA MICROARRAY; PATTERNS; MUSCLE; MOUSE; SWINE; MODEL; TRANSPLANTATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB A first-generation porcine oligonucleotide set, representing 13,297 cDNAs and ESTs, has been designed by Qiagen-Operon for transcriptional profiling. To validate this set, microarrays containing each 70-mer oligonucleotide, referred to as the Qiagen-NRSP8 array, were hybridized with targets from porcine adult liver, lung, muscle, or small intestine. Transcriptome analyses showed that 11,328 of the oligonucleotides demonstrated expression in at least one tissue. Statistical analyses revealed that 1810 genes showed differential expression among tissues (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05). Biological pathways identified by DAVID/EASE analysis using a list of 423 tissue-selective genes matched archetypal pathways in the corresponding human or mouse tissue. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed expression patterns for 9 of I I genes tested. Our results demonstrate that this first-generation porcine oligonucleotide array is informative and the specificity is high. This is essential validation for investigators using the Qiagen-NRSP8 array for porcine functional genomics and for using the pig in modeling important physiological problems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu NR 35 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 618 EP 625 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.08.001 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 978JR UT WOS:000232869900010 PM 16216716 ER PT J AU Lefsky, MA Harding, DJ Keller, M Cohen, WB Carabajal, CC Espirito-Santo, FD Hunter, MO de Oliveira, R AF Lefsky, MA Harding, DJ Keller, M Cohen, WB Carabajal, CC Espirito-Santo, FD Hunter, MO de Oliveira, R TI Estimates of forest canopy height and aboveground biomass using ICESat SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; LIDAR AB Exchange of carbon between forests and the atmosphere is a vital component of the global carbon cycle. Satellite laser altimetry has a unique capability for estimating forest canopy height, which has a direct and increasingly well understood relationship to aboveground carbon storage. While the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) has collected an unparalleled dataset of lidar waveforms over terrestrial targets, processing of ICESat data to estimate forest height is complicated by the pulse broadening associated with large-footprint, waveform-sampling lidar. We combined ICESat waveforms and ancillary topography from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to estimate maximum forest height in three ecosystems; tropical broadleaf forests in Brazil, temperate broadleaf forests in Tennessee, and temperate needleleaf forests in Oregon. Final models for each site explained between 59% and 68% of variance in field-measured forest canopy height (RMSE between 4.85 and 12.66 m). In addition, ICESat-derived heights for the Brazilian plots were correlated with field-estimates of aboveground biomass (r(2) = 73%, RMSE = 58.3 Mgha(-1)). C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NVI Inc, Space Geodesy Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Lefsky, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Campus Delivery 1472, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lefsky@fsl.orst.edu RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Espirito-Santo, Fernando/O-4371-2014; Harding, David/F-5913-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Espirito-Santo, Fernando/0000-0001-7497-3639; NR 14 TC 207 Z9 222 U1 12 U2 58 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 22 AR L22S02 DI 10.1029/2005GL023971 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 982LO UT WOS:000233160100001 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA AF Kimball, BA TI Theory and performance of an infrared heater for ecosystem warming SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy temperature; ecosystems; energy balance; evapotranspiration; global change; global warming; infrared heater; microclimate; thermal radiation; wind speed ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; ENERGY-BALANCE; WATER-STRESS; TEMPERATURE; MICROCLIMATE; WHEAT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RESPONSES AB In order to study the likely effects of global warming on future ecosystems, a method for applying a heating treatment to open-field plant canopies (i.e. a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system) is needed which will warm vegetation as expected by the future climate. One method which shows promise is infrared heating, but a theory of operation is needed for predicting the performance of infrared heaters. Therefore, a theoretical equation was derived to predict the thermal radiation power required to warm a plant canopy per degree rise in temperature per unit of heated land area. Another equation was derived to predict the thermal radiation efficiency of an incoloy rod infrared heater as a function of wind speed. An actual infrared heater system was also assembled which utilized two infrared thermometers to measure the temperature of a heated plot and that of an adjacent reference plot and which used proportional-integrative-derivative control of the heater to maintain a constant temperature difference between the two plots. Provided that it was not operated too high above the canopy, the heater system was able to maintain a constant set-point difference very well. Furthermore, there was good agreement between the measured and theoretical unit thermal radiation power requirements when tested on a Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare) canopy. One problem that has been identified for infrared heating of experimental plots is that the vapor pressure gradients (VPGs) from inside the leaves to the air outside would not be the same as would be expected if the warming were performed by heating the air everywhere (i.e. by global warming). Therefore, a theoretical equation was derived to compute how much water an infrared-warmed plant would lose in normal air compared with what it would have lost in air which had been warmed at constant relative humidity, as is predicted with global warming. On an hourly or daily basis, it proposed that this amount of water could be added back to plants using a drip irrigation system as a first-order correction to this VPG problem. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM bkimball@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 36 TC 118 Z9 146 U1 7 U2 54 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 11 BP 2041 EP 2056 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01028.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986FG UT WOS:000233434900015 ER PT J AU Lytle, DE AF Lytle, DE TI Palaeoecological evidence of state shifts between forest and barrens on a Michigan sand plain, USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE resilience; state shifts; palaeoecology; pollen; charcoal; vegetation change; Great Lakes; Michigan; Holocene ID POLLEN SOURCE AREA; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; GREAT-LAKES REGION; OREGON COAST RANGE; FIRE HISTORY; NORTHERN MICHIGAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWESTERN MINNESOTA; MICROSCOPIC CHARCOAL; VEGETATION DYNAMICS AB Recent disturbances have induced state shifts in many ecosystems. It has been proposed that human actions degrade system resilience, thus allowing state changes to occur more easily. Unless system dynamics in the absence of human influence are understood, however, we can not address two fundamental questions: are human actions producing dynamics that were previously absent in those systems? Or, are human actions simply replacing natural drivers of change in systems susceptible to state shifts? I use fossil pollen and charcoal to document Holocene vegetation and disturbance dynamics on a sand plain in Michigan to evaluate a recent anthropogenic state shift from forest to a barrens plant community. A 10 500-yr pollen record shows that a community similar to the modern barrens was present three times between 9000 and 5000 yr BP. These periods coincide with distinct peaks in the charcoal record, linking the barrens vegetation community and fire. The barrens vegetation community is thus a rare component of the Kingston Plain system, associated with both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. However, with no evidence of barrens vegetation during the last 5000 years, it appears that climate is also an important driver of vegetation change on the Kingston Plain. Ancient barrens occurred when annual precipitation was lower than current climate, and summer temperatures were warmer than current climate. Projections of decreased soil moisture and warmer temperatures in the Great Lakes region during the next century may thus imply decreased resilience of Great Lakes forests to future disturbances. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Lytle, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM dlytle@fs.fed.us NR 80 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 821 EP 836 DI 10.1191/0959683605hl856ra PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 959OQ UT WOS:000231527900005 ER PT J AU Grassi, D Blumberg, JB Desideri, G Ferri, C AF Grassi, D Blumberg, JB Desideri, G Ferri, C TI Hypertension, diabetes - Chocolate with a single remedy? Response SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Letter ID FOOD C1 Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med & Publ Hlth, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Grassi, D (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med & Publ Hlth, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. RI Grassi, Davide/O-6519-2015 OI Grassi, Davide/0000-0003-1005-4689 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD NOV PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 BP E17 EP E17 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 987VG UT WOS:000233544900408 ER PT J AU Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Gasiewski, AJ Stankov, B Klein, M Njoku, EG Bosch, D Coleman, TL Laymon, CA Starks, P AF Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Gasiewski, AJ Stankov, B Klein, M Njoku, EG Bosch, D Coleman, TL Laymon, CA Starks, P TI Polarimetric scanning radiometer C- and X-band microwave observations during SMEX03 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E); passive microwave; soil moisture; validation ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; AMSR-E; MISSION AB Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) was the second in a series of field campaigns using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR/CX) designed to validate brightness temperature (TB) data and soil moisture retrieval algorithms for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) for the Earth Observing System on the Aqua satellite. Objectives related to the PSR/CX during SMEX03 included: calibration and validation of AMSR-E TB observations over different climate/vegetation regions of the U.S. [Alabama (AL), Georgia (GA), Oklahoma (OK)], identification of possible areas of radio-frequency interference (RFI), comparison of X-band observations from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), AMSR-E, and PSR/CX, and exploring the potential of soil moisture retrieval algorithms using C- and X-band imagery in diverse landscapes. In the current investigation, more than 100 flightlines of PSR/CX data were extensively processed to produce gridded TB products for the four study regions. Due to the lack of significant rainfall in OK, generally dry soil moisture conditions were observed. Observations obtained over AL include a wide range of soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Results from the AL site clearly showed a lack of sensitivity to rainfall/soil moisture under forest canopy cover. Quantitative comparisons made with the TMI validated that both the PSR/CX and AMSR-E X-band channels were well calibrated. Spectral analyses indicated that the PSR/CX observations at C-band also are reasonable. As expected, there were varying degrees of RFI in the AMSR-E C-band data for the study sites that will prevent further soil moisture analysis using these data. X-band comparisons of the PSR/CX high-resolution and AMSR-E and TMI low-resolution data indicated a linear scaling for the range of conditions studied in SMEX03. These results will form the basis for further soil moisture investigations. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Ctr, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Hydrol Soil Climatol & Remote Sensing Res Ctr, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 12 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2418 EP 2430 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.857625 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 979KU UT WOS:000232941700002 ER PT J AU Jayasankar, S Van Aman, M Cordts, J Dhekney, S Li, ZT Gray, DJ AF Jayasankar, S Van Aman, M Cordts, J Dhekney, S Li, ZT Gray, DJ TI Low temperature storage of suspension culture-derived grapevine somatic embryos and regeneration of plants SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE somatic embryogenesis; synthetic seeds; Vitis vinifera ID CELL-SUSPENSIONS; CRYOPRESERVATION; EMBRYOGENESIS; DEHYDRATION; GERMINATION; SEEDS; VITIS; ENCAPSULATION; QUIESCENCE; ALGINATE AB A method of clonal germplasm preservation utilizing dehydrated somatic embryos and cool temperature storage conditions was demonstrated. Somatic embryos of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Autumn Seedless and Chardonnay were produced from suspension cultures. After washing twice with sterile water, mature somatic embryos were blot-dried and placed on sterile filter paper in an open Petri dish in a laminar flow hood until they reached about 25% of their initial weight. Approximately 300 dried embryos were placed in each sterile 90x15 mm Petri dish, which was tightly sealed with two layers of Parafilm(TM). Sealed dishes were stored in the dark at 4 degrees C in a standard refrigerator. Samples of 25-60 individual dehydrated somatic embryos were periodically tested for viability by placing them on solidified MS medium for germination and plant regeneration. After 42 mo. of dehydrated storage, 90% of the somatic embryos regenerated into plants. To further test utility of this storage method, dehydrated embryos stored for 12 and 26 mo. were shipped from Florida to Washington where 75 and 87.5% regenerated into plants, respectively. Cool temperature storage of dehydrated somatic embryos is a simple and inexpensive method of clonal germplasm preservation when compared to alternatives such as cryopreservation. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. APHIS, USDA, Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Gray, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 2725 Binion Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. EM djg@ifas.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 752 EP 756 DI 10.1079/IVP2005697 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 006ZP UT WOS:000234936900007 ER PT J AU Pan, ZL Cathcart, A Wang, DH AF Pan, ZL Cathcart, A Wang, DH TI Thermal and chemical treatments to improve adhesive property of rice bran SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE rice bran; biobased adhesive; rice straw; particleboard; sulfites; wood ID DISULFIDE BOND-CLEAVAGE; MODIFIED SOY PROTEIN; HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES; EXTRACTION; STRENGTH AB The development of effective biobased adhesives would benefit the particleboard manufacturing industry through reduced product costs, environmental concerns, and petroleum dependency. While most synthetic adhesives currently used are petroleum-based derivatives, desirable biobased adhesives could be developed from renewable agricultural resources. Commercial rice bran has starch and protein for making adhesive used in the production of particleboards. The objective of this study was to improve the adhesive properties of defatted rice bran by thermal and chemical treatments. Three temperature levels (80, 100, and 120 degrees C) and pHs (8, 10, and 12) were tested. Furthermore, the influence of sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite on adhesive properties was also investigated. Adhesive performance was evaluated based on the maximum force required for shearing the adhesive bond between soft maple wood pieces. Modifying rice bran with heat and alkali improved adhesive strength over the unmodified bran counterpart. Adhesive strength increased from 44 N for the untreated control to 181 N for the sample treated at 100 degrees C and pH 12. The improved biobased adhesive can be eventually used for the production of composite panels, such as plywood, particleboards, and fiberboards. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.01.003 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 977SZ UT WOS:000232824800007 ER PT J AU Faith, N Uhlich, G Luchansky, JB Neudeck, B Czuprynski, C AF Faith, N Uhlich, G Luchansky, JB Neudeck, B Czuprynski, C TI A prfA transposon mutant of Listeria monocytogenes F2365, a serotype 4b strain, is able to survive in the gastrointestinal tract but does not cause systemic infection of the spleens and livers of intragastrically inoculated mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE GENE-EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN HOST-CELLS; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; IDENTIFICATION; GROWTH AB prfA is a member of the Crp/Fnr family of global regulatory genes in Listeria monocytogenes that has been shown previously to regulate several key virulence determinants both in vitro and in parenterally inoculated laboratory rodents. However, the role of prfA in the ability of L. monocytogenes to cause infection via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has not been clearly established. In this study, we used a prfA transposon mutant of L. monocytogenes F2365, a serotype 4b strain, to assess the role of prfA in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal listeriosis in mice. We found that the prfA mutant was able to survive in the GI tract (i.e., cecum) of mice, albeit in numbers somewhat less than those of the wild-type parent strain of L. monocytogenes. However, mice inoculated with the prfA mutant did not exhibit systemic infection of the spleen and liver, as was noted for mice inoculated with the wild-type parent strain. Survival of the PrfA mutant in synthetic gastric fluid at pH 2.5 or 5 was somewhat reduced compared to that of the wild-type strain, as was its ability to invade and multiply within differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 cells). Prior infection with the prfA mutant gave mice some protection against a subsequent challenge with virulent L. monocytogenes, although much less than that gained by prior gastrointestinal infection with the wild-type parent strain. These findings indicate that the global regulatory gene prfA is dispensable for colonization of the GI tract in mice but not for systemic infection. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Inst Food Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Czuprynski, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM czuprync@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 73 IS 11 BP 7517 EP 7524 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.11.7517-7524.2005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 977WI UT WOS:000232833800054 PM 16239554 ER PT J AU Bolognesi, R Arakane, Y Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ Terra, WR Ferreira, C AF Bolognesi, R Arakane, Y Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ Terra, WR Ferreira, C TI Sequences of cDNAs and expression of genes encoding chitin synthase and chitinase in the midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; peritrophic membrane; chitin metabolism; molting ID THURINGIENSIS SUBSP AIZAWAI; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; TOBACCO HORNWORM; BOMBYX-MORI; BINDING; MATRIX; LARVAE AB The focus of this study was on the characterization and expression of genes encoding enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of chitin, chitin synthase (SfCHSB) and chitinase (SfCHI), respectively, in the midgut of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Sequences of cDNAs for SfCHSB and SfCHI were determined by amplification of overlapping PCR fragments and the expression patterns of these two genes were analyzed during insect development by RT-PCR. SfCHSB encodes a protein of 1523 amino acids containing several transmembrane segments, whereas SfCHI encodes a protein of 555 amino acids composed of a catalytic domain, a linker region and a chitin-binding domain. SfCHSB is expressed in the midgut during the feeding stages, whereas SfCHI is expressed during the wandering and pupal stages. Both genes are expressed along the whole midgut. Chitin staining revealed that this polysaccharide is present in the peritrophic membrane (PM) only when SfCHSB is expressed. There is little or no chitin in the midgut when SfCHI is expressed. These results support the hypothesis that SfCHSB is responsible for PM chitin synthesis during the larval feeding stages and SfCHI carries out PM chitin degradation during larval-pupal molting, suggesting mutually exclusive temporal patterns of expression of these genes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-05513970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ferreira, C (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Bioquim, CP 26077, BR-05513970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM clfterra@iq.usp.br NR 43 TC 48 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1249 EP 1259 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.06.006 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 975SQ UT WOS:000232682600004 PM 16203206 ER PT J AU Stubblefield, A Chandra, S Eagan, S Tuvshinjargal, D Davaadorzh, G Gilroy, D Sampson, J Thorne, J Allen, B Hogan, Z AF Stubblefield, Andrew Chandra, Sudeep Eagan, Sean Tuvshinjargal, Dampil Davaadorzh, Gantimur Gilroy, David Sampson, Jennifer Thorne, Jim Allen, Brant Hogan, Zeb TI Impacts of Gold Mining and Land Use Alterations on the Water Quality of Central Mongolian Rivers SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Suspended sediment; Lake Baikal; Mining; Mongolia AB Conservation of water quality is inherently tied to watershed management. Efforts to protect Lake Baikal have increasingly focused on the Selenge River, a major tributary, with more than half its watershed area in Mongolia. Placer gold mining in Mongolia has the potential to load total suspended sediment (TSS), and total phosphorus (TP) into Lake Baikal and destroy spawning areas for the endangered Taimen salmon (Hucho taimen taimen). This work describes water quality assessments performed from 2001 to 2003 on Mongolian tributaries to the Selenge River. Of 7 rivers sampled, rivers with proximal mining had the worst water quality. Elevated loading of TSS and TP was observed below mining regions on the Tuul River. Flooding could breach thin strips of land separating dredge pits from river channels, resulting in massive sediment loading. Extensive disturbance of the river terrace was apparent for many square kilometers. In the mountainous headwaters of the Yeroo River, tributary drainages undergoing mining had TP concentrations 8 to 15 times higher than the main stem. TSS was 7 to 12 times higher, and turbidity was 8 times higher. Alternative mining technologies exist that could minimize impact and improve the possibility for reclamation. C1 [Stubblefield, Andrew] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Chandra, Sudeep] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Eagan, Sean] Pacific Southwest Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, USDA, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. [Tuvshinjargal, Dampil; Davaadorzh, Gantimur] Univ Mongolia, MAS, Inst Geog, UB-210620 Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Gilroy, David; Hogan, Zeb] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sampson, Jennifer] 10000 Years Inst, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Allen, Brant] Univ Calif Davis, Environm Informat Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Thorne, Jim] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Tahoe Res Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stubblefield, A (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM andrew.stubblefield@case.edu FU Mead Foundation; Trust for Mutual Understanding FX This work was presented at the Science for Watershed Conservation: Multidisciplinary Approaches for Natural Resource Management Conference. United States Geological Survey. 1 September to 8 September 2004 in Ulan-Ude, Russia, and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Thank you to V. Sharaldaeva, I. Bessolitna, M. Kessler, B. Sarantsetseg, E. Bazarradnaa, and N. Narandavaa for providing field assistance. J. Farrington for his initial development for the project. A special thank you to J. Tsogtbaatar from the Institute of Geoecology, Mongolia Academy of Sciences for providing logistical and technical support. M. Muhlenberg and C. Goulden provided invaluable academic, cultural, and historical insight. K. Smallwood, S. Rover, and T. Brunello from the Tahoe Baikal Institute obtained funding and logistics for the project. This project was supported by the Mead Foundation, Trust for Mutual Understanding, and donations from R. Hunter of Patagonia, Inc., the UC Davis-Tahoe Research Group, and the University of Wisconsin Center for Limnology. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630010406 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WS UT WOS:000209712100007 PM 16639903 ER PT J AU Walters, C Hill, LM Wheeler, LJ AF Walters, C Hill, LM Wheeler, LJ TI Dying while dry: Kinetics and mechanisms of deterioration in desiccated organisms SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID MOLECULAR MOBILITY; WATER ACTIVITY; GLASS-FORMATION; SEEDS; TEMPERATURE; TOLERANCE; LONGEVITY; STORAGE; POLLEN AB Persistence of anhydrous organisms in nature may depend on how long they remain viable in dry environments. Longevity is determined by interactions of humidity, temperature, and unknown cellular factors that affect the propensity for damaging reactions. Here we describe our research to elucidate those cellular factors and to ultimately predict how long a population can survive under extreme conditions. Loss of viability typically follows a sigmoidal pattern, where a period of small changes precedes a cataclysmic decline. The time for viability to decrease to 50% (P50) varied among seed species and among 10 phylogenetically diverse organisms. When stored at elevated temperatures of 35 degrees C and 32% relative humidity (RH), P50 ranged from about a week for spores of Serratia marcescens to several years for fronds of Selaginella lepidophylla. Most of the species studied survived longest at low humidity (10-20% RH), but suffered under complete dryness. Temperature dependencies of aging kinetics appeared similar among diverse organisms despite the disparate longevities. The effect of temperature on seed aging rates was consistent with the temperature dependency of molecular mobility of aqueous glasses, with both showing a reduction by several orders of magnitude when seeds were cooled from 60 degrees C to 0 degrees C. Longevity is an inherited trait in seeds, but its complex expression among widely divergent taxa suggests that it developed through multiple pathways. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu NR 36 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1093/icb/45.5.751 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 997IY UT WOS:000234240100010 PM 21676826 ER PT J AU Oliver, MJ Velten, J Mishler, BD AF Oliver, MJ Velten, J Mishler, BD TI Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes: A reflection of the primitive strategy for plant survival in dehydrating habitats? SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID MOSS TORTULA-RURALIS; ABSCISIC-ACID; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; LAND PLANTS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PHYLOGENY; REHYDRATION; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; EVOLUTION AB Bryophytes are a non-monophyletic group of three major lineages (liverworts, hornworts, and mosses) that descend from the earliest branching events in the phylogeny of land plants. We postulate that desiccation tolerance is a primitive trait, thus mechanisms by which the first land plants achieved tolerance may be reflected in how extant desiccation-tolerant bryophytes survive drying. Evidence is consistent with extant bryophytes employing a tolerance strategy of constitutive cellular protection coupled with induction of a recovery/repair mechanism upon rehydration. Cellular structures appear intact in the desiccated state but are disrupted by rapid uptake of water upon rebydration, but cellular integrity is rapidly regained. The photosynthetic machinery appears to be protected such that photosynthetic activity recovers quickly. Gene expression responds following rehydration and not during drying. Gene expression is translationally controlled and results in the synthesis of a number of proteins, collectively called rehydrins. Some prominent rehydrins are similar to Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins, classically ascribed a protection function during desiccation. The role of LEA proteins in a rehydrating system is unknown but data indicates a function in stabilization and reconstitution of membranes. Phylogenetic studies using a Tortula ruralis LEA-like rehydrin led to a re-examination of the evolution of desiccation tolerance. A new phylogenetic analysis suggests that: (i) the basic mechanisms of tolerance seen in modern day bryophytes have changed little from the earliest manifestations of desiccation tolerance in land plants, and (ii) vegetative desiccation tolerance in the early land plants may have evolved from a mechanism present first in spores. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Univ Herbarium, Jepson Herbarium, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oliver, MJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM olivermj@missouri.edu; jvelten@lbk.ars.usda.gov; bmishler@calmail.berkeley.edu NR 63 TC 119 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 43 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 788 EP 799 DI 10.1093/icb/45.5.788 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 997IY UT WOS:000234240100014 PM 21676830 ER PT J AU Haldorson, GJ Mathison, BA Wenberg, K Conrad, PA Dubey, JP Trees, AJ Yamane, I Baszler, TV AF Haldorson, GJ Mathison, BA Wenberg, K Conrad, PA Dubey, JP Trees, AJ Yamane, I Baszler, TV TI Immunization with native surface protein NcSRS2 induces a Th2 immune response and reduces congenital Neospora caninum transmission in mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; mouse; immunity; congenital transmission; SRS2 ID RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; BALB/C MICE; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; INFECTION; VACCINATION; PREVENTION AB NcSRS2, a tachyzoite surface protein of Neospora caninum, is an immunodominant protein with respect to induction of antibody production and has a role in attachment and invasion of host cells. Native NcSRS2 was isolated from whole tachyzoite lysate antigen by affinity chromatography using NcSRS2 specific monoclonal antibody and used to immunize BALB/c mice in a congenital transmission study. NcSRS2 was a highly conserved protein as indicated by comparison of deduced amino acid sequence obtained from NcSRS2 gene sequences of 10 geographically distinct N. caninum isolates. Mice immunized with purified native NcSRS2 produced antigen-specific antibody, primarily of IgG 1 subtype. Following challenge during gestation with 10(7) tachyzoites, immunized mice had a statistically significant decreased frequency of congenital transmission compared to non-immunized mice (P <= 0.05) or mice inoculated with adjuvant alone (P <= 0.01). Decreased congenital transmission among immunized mice correlated with a predominately Th2 immune response compared to non-immunized mice as indicated by an increased ratio of interleukin 4 (IL-4) to interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion from antigen-stimulated splenocytes. The results provide a rationale for NcSRS2 as a candidate subunit vaccine antigen for reduction of N. caninum congenital transmission. Furthermore, the studies suggest that a Th2 immune response, if directed against an appropriate antigen, may induce protection against N. caninum congenital infection in mice. (c) 2005 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vet Micorbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Fac Vet Sci, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Baszler, TV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM baszlert@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Itsuro, Yamane/D-4060-2014 FU NICHD NIH HHS [KO8 5K08HD041466] NR 42 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 13 BP 1407 EP 1415 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.05.013 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 984TZ UT WOS:000233328500009 PM 16051244 ER PT J AU Fairweather-Tait, S Lynch, S Hotz, C Hurrell, R Abrahamse, L Beebe, S Bering, S Bukhave, K Glahn, R Hambidge, M Hunt, J Lonnerdal, B Miller, D Mohktar, N Nestel, P Reddy, M Sandberg, AS Sharp, P Teucher, B Trinidad, TP AF Fairweather-Tait, S Lynch, S Hotz, C Hurrell, R Abrahamse, L Beebe, S Bering, S Bukhave, K Glahn, R Hambidge, M Hunt, J Lonnerdal, B Miller, D Mohktar, N Nestel, P Reddy, M Sandberg, AS Sharp, P Teucher, B Trinidad, TP TI The usefulness of in vitro models to predict the bioavailability of iron and zinc: A consensus statement from the HarvestPlus expert consultation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Estimating Iron and Zinc Bioavailability Using In Vitro Dialysability, Caco-2 Cell Models and Algorithms CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Norwich, ENGLAND SP ETH Zurich, IAEA Tech Consultat DE in vitro; Caco-2 cell; dialyzable iron; bioavailability; iron; zinc AB A combination of dietary and host-related factors determines iron and zinc absorption, and several in vitro methods have been developed as preliminary screening tools for assessing bioavailability. An expert committee has reviewed evidence for their usefulness and reached a consensus. Dialyzability (with and without simulated digestion) gives some useful information but cannot predict the correct magnitude of response and may sometimes predict the wrong direction of response. Caco-2 cell systems (with and without simulated digestion) have been developed for iron availability, but the magnitude of different effects does not always agree with results obtained in human volunteers, and the data for zinc are too limited to draw conclusions about the validity of the method. Caco-2 methodologies vary significantly between laboratories and require experienced technicians and good quality cell culture facilities to obtain reproducible results. Algorithms can provide semi-quantitative information enabling diets to be classified as high, moderate, or low bioavailability. While in vitro methods can be used to generate ideas and develop hypotheses, they cannot be used alone for important decisions concerning; food fortification policy, selection of varieties for plant breeding programs, or for new product development in the food industry. Ultimately human studies are required for such determinations. C1 Inst Food Res, Norwich, Norfolk, England. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Grafton, VA USA. Ist Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Sci & Nutr, Zurich, Switzerland. Unilever Hlth Inst, Vlaardingen, Netherlands. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Frederiksberg, Denmark. USDA, ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. USDA, ARS, Grand Forks, ND USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. HarvestPlus Plant Res Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Chalmers, Dept Food Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Kings Coll London, Dept Nutr & Dietet, London WC2R 2LS, England. Food & Nutr Inst, Manila, Philippines. RP Fairweather-Tait, S (reprint author), Inst Food Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich, Norfolk, England. EM sue.fairweather-tait@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Fairweather-Tait, Susan/K-4251-2012; Teucher, Birgit/J-6380-2015; sandberg, ann-sofie/B-6857-2016 OI sandberg, ann-sofie/0000-0002-9681-3342 NR 0 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 13 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75 IS 6 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.75.6.371 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 040SZ UT WOS:000237402000001 PM 16711470 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR AF Hunt, JR TI Dietary and physiological factors that affect the absorption and bioavailability of iron SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Estimating Iron and Zinc Bioavailability Using In Vitro Dialysability, Caco-2 Cell Models and Algorithms CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Norwich, ENGLAND SP ETH Zurich, IAEA Tech Consultat DE iron; absorption; human; dietary factors; physiological factors ID CONSUMING CONTROLLED LACTOOVOVEGETARIAN; ASCORBIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; NONHEME-IRON; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN-A; HEME-IRON; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; ZINC-ABSORPTION; NONANEMIC WOMEN; SERUM FERRITIN AB Iron deficiency, a global health problem, impairs reproductive performance, cognitive development, and work capacity. One proposed strategy to address this problem is the improvement of dietary iron bioavailability. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of iron absorption is growing rapidly, with identification of mucosal iron transport and regulatory proteins. Both body iron status and dietary characteristics substantially influence iron absorption, with minimal interaction between these two factors. Iron availability can be regarded mainly as a characteristic of the diet, but comparisons between human studies of iron availability for absorption require normalization for the iron status of the subjects. The dietary characteristics that enhance or inhibit iron absorption front foods have been sensitively and quantitatively determined in human studies employing iron isotopes. People with low iron status can substantially increase their iron absorption from diets with moderate to high availability. But while iron supplementation and fortification trials can effectively increase blood indices of iron status, improvements in dietary availability alone have had. minimal influence on such indices within several weeks or months. Plentiful, varied diets are the ultimate resolution to iron deficiency. Without these, more modest food-based approaches to human iron deficiency likely will need to be augmented by dietary iron fortification. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Micronutr Absorpt & Metab Unit, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Micronutr Absorpt & Metab Unit, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 84 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 21 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75 IS 6 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.75.6.375 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 040SZ UT WOS:000237402000002 PM 16711471 ER PT J AU Kostinek, M Pukall, R Rooney, AP Schillinger, U Hertel, C Holzapfel, WH Franz, CMAP AF Kostinek, M Pukall, R Rooney, AP Schillinger, U Hertel, C Holzapfel, WH Franz, CMAP TI Lactobacillus arizonensis is a later heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus plantarum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID HOMOLOGY; TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; DIVERSITY; PROBE; NOV. AB The 'Lactobacillus plantarum group' encompasses the taxa Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus arizonensis. In this study, the phylogenetic position of L. arizonensis was examined using 16S rRNA gene-specific methodologies (16S rRNA sequencing and ribotyping) and genomic DNA-based investigations [repetitive extragenic palindromic DNA (rep)-PCR and DNA-DNA hybridization]. Our results show that the L. arizonensis type strain could not be distinguished from the type strain of L. plantarum or from various L. plantarum reference strains. Therefore, it is proposed that the species L. arizonensis should be reclassified as a heterotypic synonym of L. plantarum. C1 Inst Hyg & Toxicol, Fed Res Ctr Nutr & Food, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, Culture Collect, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Food Technol, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Franz, CMAP (reprint author), Inst Hyg & Toxicol, Fed Res Ctr Nutr & Food, Haidund Neu Str 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM Charles.Franz@bfe.uni-karlsruhe.de NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 55 BP 2485 EP 2489 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63880-0 PN 6 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 985AT UT WOS:000233349200039 PM 16280514 ER PT J AU Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA Collins, MD Falsen, E Lawson, PA AF Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA Collins, MD Falsen, E Lawson, PA TI Bacteroides coprosuis sp nov., isolated from swine-manure storage pits SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ODOROUS COMPONENTS; BACTERIA; POPULATIONS; VOLATILE; WASTES; FECES AB Two Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped organisms were isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. Based on morphological and biochemical criteria, the strains were tentatively identified as belonging to the genus Bacteroides but they did not appear to correspond to any recognized species of the genus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the strains were related closely to each other and confirmed their placement in the genus Bacteroides, but sequence divergence values of > 10% from reference Bacteroides species demonstrated that the organisms from manure represent a novel species. Based on biochemical criteria and molecular genetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown isolates from manure be assigned to a novel species of the genus Bacteroides, as Bacteroides coprosuis sp. nov. The type strain is PC139(T) (=CCUG 50528(T)=NRRL B-41113(T)). C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Culture Collect, SE-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Whitehead, TR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM whitehtr@ncaur.usda.gov RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; Lawson, Paul/E-3760-2012; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 55 BP 2515 EP 2518 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63869-0 PN 6 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 985AT UT WOS:000233349200044 PM 16280519 ER PT J AU Kitchen, AM Gese, EM Waits, LP Karki, SM Schauster, ER AF Kitchen, AM Gese, EM Waits, LP Karki, SM Schauster, ER TI Genetic and spatial structure within a swift fox population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kin clusters; relatedness; social tolerance; space use patterns; swift fox ID COYOTE CANIS-LATRANS; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; KIN SELECTION; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; KINSHIP; ORGANIZATION; ECOLOGY; MARKERS; VULPES AB 1. We incorporated spatial data on swift foxes (Vulpes velox) with genetic analysis to assess the influence of relatedness between individuals on their social and spatial ecology. We recorded the space use patterns of 188 radio-collared swift foxes in south-eastern Colorado from January 1997 to December 2000. One hundred and sixty-seven foxes were also genotyped at 11 microsatellite DNA loci and the degree of relatedness between individuals was estimated. 2. We described the genetic structure of the population by examining the relatedness of neighbours and the relationship between the spatial and genetic distance of all individuals. We found that close kin appeared to cluster within the population. Neighbours were significantly more related (mean R = 0.089 +/- 0.01) than non-neighbours (mean R = 0.003 +/- 0.01; randomization test, P < 0.0002). Female clusters were more extensive than male clusters. 3. The degree of genetic relatedness among foxes was useful in explaining why foxes tolerated encroachment of their home ranges by neighbours; the more closely related neighbours were, the more home-range overlap they tolerated (Mantel test, P = 0.0004). Foxes did not appear to orientate their home ranges to avoid neighbours and home ranges overlapped by as much as 54.77% (x = 14.13% +/- 0.41). Neighbours also occasionally engaged in concurrent den sharing. 4. Relatedness influenced the likelihood that an individual would inherit a newly vacated home range, with a mean relatedness of range inheritors to previous owners of 0.333 +/- 0.074. Thus, the genetic structure of the population and interactions between kin were interrelated to space-use patterns and social ecology of the swift fox. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv,USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kitchen, AM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv,USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ann.kitchen@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1181 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01017.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 980DW UT WOS:000232995200018 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG Richards, MP AF Ramsay, TG Richards, MP TI Leptin and leptin receptor expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in response to in vivo porcine somatotropin treatment SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE leptin; leptin receptor; somatotropin; swine ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; GROWTH-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FEED RESTRICTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; ENERGY-INTAKE; ZUCKER RATS; INSULIN; ADIPOCYTES AB The present study was performed to examine the response of leptin and leptin receptor (Rb) genes to porcine somatotropin (pST) stimuli in finishing pigs. Twelve crossbred barrows (Yorkshire x Landrace) were used in this study. Animals were individually fed a basal diet containing 18% CP, 1.2% lysine, and 3.5 Mcal of DE/kg ad libitum (as-fed basis). At 90 kg, six pigs were treated with daily injections of recombinant pST (10 mg) in sterile bicarbonate buffer, whereas the other six pigs were injected with sterile bicarbonate buffer (controls). With initiation of pST treatment, the quantity of feed offered was 85% of calculated ad libitum intake based on BW and adjusted every 3 d. Diet restriction was designed to correct for the effects of the known inhibition in feed intake because of pST treatment in swine. Animals were maintained on treatment for 2 wk. A blood sample was obtained from each pig on d 14 of treatment, 6 h after pST injection. Tissue samples were collected on d 15, frozen in liquid N-2, and stored at -80 degrees C before analysis for mRNA abundance. Total RNA was amplified by reverse transcription (RT) PCR with subsequent quantification of transcripts by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Samples included outer subcutaneous adipose tissue (OSQ), middle subcutaneous adipose tissue (MSQ), leaf fat (LF), liver, latissimus dorsi (LD), and biceps femoris (BF). Restricted feeding resulted in no change in BW of control pigs, whereas pST treatment increased BW by 6.9 +/- 0.5 kg (P < 0.001). Treatment with pST produced a 12-fold increase in serum ST concentration relative to control pigs (P < 0.002). Serum leptin concentration was increased by 17% in swine treated with pST relative to control pigs (P < 0.011). Leptin mRNA abundance was increased in liver by pST treatment (P < 0.05). Administration of pST decreased leptin Rb (Ob-Rb) mRNA abundance by 27% in liver (P < 0.044) and by 49.5% in OSQ (P < 0.025) relative to controls. The present data suggest that pST does not affect leptin expression independent of dietary intake because the restricted feeding regimen used in the present study precluded detection of major change in leptin gene expression. Changes in Ob-Rb mRNA abundance by pST treatment indicate that ST or the metabolic adaptations to ST have a role in regulating Ob-Rb expression. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E,Bldg 200,Rm 207, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tramsay@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 52 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 83 IS 11 BP 2501 EP 2508 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019PD UT WOS:000235848300004 PM 16230646 ER PT J AU Dean, DW Southern, LL Kerr, BJ Bidner, TD AF Dean, DW Southern, LL Kerr, BJ Bidner, TD TI Isoleucine requirement of 80-to 120-kilogram barrows fed corn-soybean meal or corn-blood cell diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass; isoleucine; pig; plasma urea nitrogen ID AMINO-ACID PATTERN; GROWING-PIGS; KG PIGS; LEUCINE; TRYPTOPHAN; EXCESS; CRYSTALLINE; ANTAGONISM; THREONINE; GROWTH AB Six experiments were conducted to validate an Ile-deficient diet and determine the Ile requirement of 80- to 120-kg barrows. Experiment 1 had five replications, and Exp. 2 through 6 had four replications per treatment; all pen replicates had four crossbred barrows each (initial BW were 93, 83, 85, 81, 81, and 88 kg, respectively). All dietary additions were on an as-fed basis. In Exp. 1, pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet (C-SBM) or a corn-5% blood cell (BC) diet with or without 0.26% supplemental Ile (C-BC or C-BC+Ile) in a 28-d growth assay. On d 14, pigs receiving the C-BC diet were taken off experiment as a result of a severe decrease in ADFI. Growth performance did not differ for pigs fed C-SBM or C-BC + Ile (P = 0.36) over the 28-d experiment. In Exp. 2, pigs were fed the C-BC diet containing 0.24, 0.26, 0.28, 0.30, or 0.32% true ileal digestible (TD) Ile for 7 d in an attempt to estimate the Ile requirement using plasma urea N (PUN) as the response variable. Because of incremental increases in ADFI as TD Ile increased, PUN could not be used to estimate the Ile requirement. In Exp. 3, pigs were fed the C-BC diet containing 0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, or 0.36% TD Ile. Daily gain, ADFI, and G:F increased linearly (P < 0.01) as Ile increased in the diet. Even though there were no effects of TD Ile concentration on 10th rib fat depth or LM area, kilograms of lean increased linearly (P < 0.01) as TD Ile level increased. In Exp. 4, pigs were fed a C-SBM diet containing 0.26, 0.31, or 0.36% TD Ile. There were no differences in ADFI or ADG; however, G:F increased linearly (P = 0.02), with the response primarily attributable to the 0.31% Ile diet. In Exp. 5, pigs were fed 0.24, 0.27, 0.30, 0.33, or 0.36% TD Ile in a C-SBM diet. There were no differences in growth performance; however, average backfat, total fat, and percentage of fat increased quadratically (P < 0.10) with the addition of Ile. In Exp. 6, pigs were fed a 0.26% TD Ile C-SBM diet with or without crystalline Leu and Val to simulate the branched-chain AA balance of a C-BC diet. There were no differences in ADFI or ADG, but G:F increased (P = 0.09) when Leu and Val were added. In summary, the Ile deficiency of a C-BC diet can be corrected by the addition of Ile, and because ADFI was affected by Ile addition, the PUN method was not suitable for assessing the Ile requirement. The TD Ile requirement for 80- to 120-kg barrows for maximizing growth performance and kilograms of lean is not < 0.34% in a C-BC diet, but may be as low as 0.24% in a C-SBM diet. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, SOMMRU, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Southern, LL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lsouthern@agctr.lsu.edu NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 83 IS 11 BP 2543 EP 2553 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019PD UT WOS:000235848300009 PM 16230651 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Short, RE Klement, KD Geary, TW MacNeil, MD Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK AF Grings, EE Short, RE Klement, KD Geary, TW MacNeil, MD Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK TI Calving system and weaning age effects on cow and preweaning calf performance in the Northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; calving season; rangelands; weaning ID SEASON LENGTH; BEEF-CATTLE; EARLY-LIFE; NUTRITION; GAIN; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH; LEVEL; EFFICIENCY; WEIGHT AB A 3-yr study evaluated late winter (Feb), early spring (Apr), and late spring (Jun) calving systems in conjunction with varied weaning strategies on beef cow and calf performance from Northern Great Plains rangelands. Crossbred cows were randomly assigned to one of three calving systems (on average n = 168(.)calving systems(-1.)yr(-1)) and one of two weaning times (Wean 1, 2) within each calving system. The Feb and Apr calves were weaned at 190 and 240 d of age, whereas Jun calves were weaned at 140 and 190 d of age. Breeding by natural service occurred in a 32-d period that included estrous synchronization. Cows were managed throughout the year as appropriate for their calving season. Quantity and quality of hay and supplements were provided based on forage and weather conditions, physiological state of the cows, and available harvested feed resources within a year. After weaning, two-thirds of the early weaned steers were fed in confinement in Montana, and one-third were shipped to Oklahoma and were grazed or fed forage. One-half of the early weaned heifers grazed seeded pastures, and the other half was fed in confinement. Early weaned calves were weighed on approximately the same day as late-weaned calves. Birth weight and overall rate of gain from birth to weaning did not differ for calves from the three calving systems. Calf weaning weight differed by weaning age within calving system (P = 0.001), and calves from the Jun calving system that were weaned at 190 d of age tended (P = 0.06) to be lighter than calves of the same age from the Feb or Apr calving systems. Cow BW change and BCS dynamics were affected by calving system, but the proportion of cows pregnant in the fall was not. Cows suckled until later dates gained less or lost more BW during the 50 d between the first and second weaning than dry cows during this period. The previous year's weaning assignment did not affect production in the following year. Estimated harvested feed inputs were less for the Jun cows than for the Feb and Apr cows. We conclude that season of calving and weaning age affect outputs from rangeland-based beef cattle operations. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Grings, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM elaine@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 83 IS 11 BP 2671 EP 2683 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019PD UT WOS:000235848300025 PM 16230667 ER PT J AU Delmonico, MJ Kostek, MC Doldo, NA Hand, BD Bailey, JA Rabon-Stith, KM Conway, JM Carignan, CR Lang, J Hurley, BF AF Delmonico, MJ Kostek, MC Doldo, NA Hand, BD Bailey, JA Rabon-Stith, KM Conway, JM Carignan, CR Lang, J Hurley, BF TI Effects of moderate-velocity strength training on peak muscle power and movement velocity: do women respond differently than men? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE resistance training; aging ID OLDER MEN; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AGE; PEOPLE; DISABILITY; QUALITY; FORCE AB The effects of a 10-wk unilateral knee extension strength training (ST) program on peak power (PP) and peak movement velocity (PV), at given absolute ( force load) and relative ( same % of 1 repetition maximum) resistances ( loads), were examined in 30 older men [ 64 yr ( 7 SD)] and 32 older women [ 62 yr ( 6 SD)]. PP increased significantly in both men and women at the same absolute ( P < 0.001) and relative loads ( P < 0.01) with ST. Men had a significantly greater increase in relative PP than women with ST at 60% ( P < 0.01) and 70% ( P < 0.001) of 1 repetition maximum when covarying for baseline differences and age. However, when each subject was tested at the same absolute load and when PP was normalized for the muscle volume of the trained knee extensors (i.e., absolute muscle power quality), women increased by 9% ( P < 0.05), whereas men did not change. Both men and women increased their absolute PV ( P < 0.001) but decreased their relative PV significantly with ST ( P < 0.05). However, when baseline values and age were covaried, women had significantly less of a decrease in relative PV quality with ST than men ( P < 0.01), although the difference was small. These normalized data suggest that ST-induced increases in PP depend on muscular hypertrophy in men, but not in women, providing further support for the hypothesis developed from our previous report (Ivey FM, Tracy BL, Lemmer JT, NessAiver M, Metter EJ, Fozard JL and Hurley BF. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55: B152 - B157, 2000) that improvements in muscle function with ST result from nonmuscle mass adaptations to a greater extent in women than men. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Div Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, GRECC, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Space Syst Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hurley, BF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM benhur@umd.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-022791, AG-1620501] NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1712 EP 1718 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01204.2004 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 974QZ UT WOS:000232607800013 PM 16002767 ER PT J AU Soto-Blanco, B Stegelmeier, BL Gorniak, SL AF Soto-Blanco, B Stegelmeier, BL Gorniak, SL TI Clinical and pathological effects of short-term cyanide repeated dosing to goats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral sequelae; central nervous system; cyanide; cyanogenic plants; goats; myelin edema; status spongiosis ID ESCULENTA-CRANTZ DIET; TROPICAL PANCREATITIS; INDUCED PARKINSONISM; RECEPTOR ACTIVATION; PROLONGED CYANIDE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CASSAVA; EXPOSURE; RATS; INTOXICATION AB The purpose of this work is to determine and describe the effects of subacute cyanide toxicity to goats. Eight female goats were divided into two groups. The first group of five animals was treated with 8.0 mg KCN kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for seven consecutive days. The second group of three animals was treated with water as controls. Complete physical examination, including observation for behavior changes, was conducted before and after dosing. One treated animal was euthanized immediately after dosing. Later, two of the remaining treated animals and a control goat were euthanized after a 30-day recovery period. Euthanized animals were necropsied and tissues were collected and prepared for histologic studies. Clinical signs in treated goats were transient and included depression and lethargy, mild hyperpnea and hyperthermia, arrhythmias, abundant salivation, vocalizations, expiratory dyspnea, jerky movements and head pressing. Two goats developed convulsions after day 3 of treatment. One animal developed more permanent behavioral changes as she became less dominant and aggressive. Histologic changes included mild hepatocellular vacuolation and degeneration, mild vacuolation and swelling of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys and spongiosis of the white matter (status spongiosis) of the cerebral white tracts, internal capsule, cerebellar peduncles, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. In summary, sub-lethal cyanide intoxication in goats resulted in behavioral changes, and during the treatment period animals showed delayed signs of toxicity. Significant histologic lesions in goats were observed and need to be characterized further. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, CEPTOX, Ctr Pesquisas Toxicol Vet, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Escola Super Agr Mossoro, Dept Vet Med, Mossoro, RN, Brazil. RP Gorniak, SL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, CEPTOX, Ctr Pesquisas Toxicol Vet, Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques Paiva 87, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM gorniak@usp.br RI Soto-Blanco, Benito/A-5817-2010; Gorniak, Silvana/C-7879-2013; Souza Ferreira, Maria/J-5108-2015 OI Soto-Blanco, Benito/0000-0003-3861-1838; NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 6 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1002/jat.1068 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 984LS UT WOS:000233307000001 PM 16196001 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RG Hennon, PE Huso, M Karchesy, JJ AF Kelsey, RG Hennon, PE Huso, M Karchesy, JJ TI Changes in heartwood chemistry of dead yellow-cedar trees that remain standing for 80 years or more in southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chamaecyparis nootkatensis; snags; decay resistance; chemical defense; carvacrol; nootkatin; antifungal compounds ID CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; ESSENTIAL OILS; CARVACROL; DECLINE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; RESISTANCE; NOOTKATONE; MORTALITY; ISOPTERA; EFFICACY AB We measured the concentrations of extractable bioactive compounds in heartwood of live yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) trees and five classes of standing snags (1-5, averaging 4, 14, 26, 51, and 81 years-since-death, respectively) to determine how the concentrations changed in the slowly deteriorating snags. Three individuals from each of these six condition classes were sampled at four sites spanning a 260-km distance across southeast Alaska, and the influence of geographic location on heartwood chemistry was evaluated. Cores of heartwood were collected at breast height and cut into consecutive 5-cm segments starting at the pith. Each segment was extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed by gas chromatography. Concentrations of carvacrol, nootkatene, nootkatol, nootkatone, nootkatin, and total extractives (a sum of 16 compounds) for the inner (0-5 cm from pith), middle (5-10 cm from pith), and surface (outer 1.1-6.0 cm of heartwood) segments from each core were compared within each tree condition class and within segments across condition classes. Heartwood of class 1 and 2 snags had the same chemical composition as live trees. The first concentration changes begin to appear in class 3 snags, which coincides with greater heartwood exposure to the external environment as decaying sapwood sloughs away, after losing the protective outer bark. Within core segments, the concentrations of all compounds, except nootkatene, decrease between snag classes 2 and 5, resulting in the heartwood of class 5 snags having the lowest quantities of bioactive compounds, although not different from the amounts in class 4 snags. This decline in chemical defense is consistent with heartwood of class 5 snags being less decay-resistant than heartwood of live trees, as observed by others. The unique heartwood chemistry of yellow cedar and the slow way it is altered after death allow dead trees to remain standing for up to a century with a profound impact on the ecology of forests in southeast Alaska where these trees are in decline. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rkelsey@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2653 EP 2670 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-7618-6 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981QG UT WOS:000233102500009 PM 16273433 ER PT J AU Toth, M Csonka, E Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW Muto, SE Mori, K AF Toth, M Csonka, E Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW Muto, SE Mori, K TI Pheromonal activity of compounds identified from male Phyllotreta cruciferae: Field tests of racemic mixtures, pure enantiomers, and combinations with allyl isothiocyanate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phyllotreta cruciferae; Phyllotreta spp; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; field trapping; pheromone; sesquiterpene; himachalene; cadinene; enantiomer; electrophysiology ID COCKCHAFER MELOLONTHA-MELOLONTHA; FLEA BEETLES; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; FOREST COCKCHAFER; PLANT VOLATILES; MOSAIC-VIRUS; SESQUITERPENES; CURCULIONIDAE; HIPPOCASTANI AB Four himachalene sesquiterpenes and (+)-gamma-cadinene, previously identified as possible pheromone components from males of a North American population of Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), were tested for attractiveness in field trapping experiments in Hungary. A mixture of the four synthetic racemic himachalene derivatives and (+)-gamma-cadinene from a botanical source was slightly attractive to beetles, but much more attractive when blended with the known host-plant-derived attractant allyl isothiocyanate. This result was consistent with a previous study in North America. In tests with optically pure synthetic compounds, a blend of the same himachalene enantiomers found from male beetles was equivalent to the corresponding blend of racemic compounds, whereas a blend of the opposite enantiomers was not active. Through subtraction tests, it was found that the single compound, (6R,7S)-2,2,6,10-tetramethylbicyclo[5.4.0.]-undeca-9,11-diene [compound (+)-A in this study], was as active as the whole mixture, suggesting that this compound is the key pheromone component of the European population of P. cruciferae. During field trials, several congeneric species, including P. vittula, P. nemorum, P. nodicornis, and P. ochripes, also were caught, suggesting that the same compound(s) may be relatively widespread as pheromone components in this genus. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Insect Pheromone & Traps Div, Hamura, Tokyo 2058503, Japan. RP Toth, M (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, PF 102, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM h2371tot@ella.hu NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2705 EP 2720 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-7621-y PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981QG UT WOS:000233102500012 PM 16273436 ER PT J AU Register, KB Yersin, AG AF Register, KB Yersin, AG TI Analytical verification of a PCR assay for identification of Bordetella avium SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; HINZII; PERTUSSIS; BRONCHISEPTICA; POLYMORPHISM; PERTACTIN; BACTERIA; POULTRY AB Bordetella avium is the etiologic agent of turkey coryza or bordetellosis, a respiratory disease responsible for substantial economic losses to the turkey industry. At present, identification of this bacterium relies on isolation and biochemical testing. Although a PCR for the detection of B. avium was proposed a number of years ago (P. H. Savelkoul, L. E. de Groot, C. Boersma, I. Livey, C. J. Duggleby, B. A. van der Zeijst, and W. Gaastra, Microb. Pathog. 15:207-215, 1993), lack of analytical verification precludes its use as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, a number of details pertaining to the reaction conditions used are missing or unclear. In the present study we have identified an optimal set of PCR conditions for use with the previously described primer pair and determined the limit of detection under these conditions to be approximately 20 pg. Assay sensitivity is 100%, based on an analysis of 72 B. avium isolates from diverse geographic locations and covering a time span of at least 25 years. Evaluation of a separate group of 87 bacterial isolates from poultry, comprising both gram-positive and gram-negative commensals and pathogens representing 11 genera, demonstrated an assay specificity of 98.8%. Reproducibility is 100% using either purified genomic DNA or boiled cell lysates less than 3 days old. Sequence analysis of the B. avium PCR amplicons identified only three occasional sequence polymorphisms. These data indicate the B. avium PCR assay can provide clinically significant results. C1 USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5567 EP 5573 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5567-5573.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200026 PM 16272488 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ AF Hunter, WJ TI Injection of innocuous oils to create reactive barriers for bioremediation: Laboratory studies SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE biobarrier; bioremediation; denitrification; nitrate; perchlorate; denitrifying wall; TCE ID VEGETABLE OIL; NITRATE REMOVAL; DENITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; SOIL; ACCUMULATION; NITRITE; CARBON AB In situ groundwater remediation may be achieved using stationary permeable barriers created by the injection of a substrate, such as innocuous vegetable oil, into the contaminated aquifer. The oil provides the electron donor stimulating microorganisms to degrade or sequester many contaminants. At present, little is known about the best procedures to use when injecting oil into an aquifer. In this investigation, laboratory column and sand tank studies were used as model systems to explore the effect of different injection parameters on the distribution of oil emulsions into water-saturated sand. The parameters investigated included injection pressures of 70, 1400 and 18,000 KPa; injection times of 15, 30, 60 or 120 s; and the influence of an emulsifier, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), upon the distribution of the injected oil. The longest injection patterns were achieved at 18,000 KPa. A pattern that was 46 +/- 1.8 cm long was produced with an 18,000 K-Pa injection for 60 s. Increasing the injection time to 120 s increased the length of the pattern by only 6.5%. Tween 80 at concentrations of 0.05% increased the width of the injection patterns but did not increase the length of the pattern. A multi-ported injection probe might be used to create in situ permeable barriers approximately I in wide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Suite 100,2150-D,Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.06.008 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 981AV UT WOS:000233060300003 PM 16102871 ER PT J AU Oba, M Baldwin, RL Owens, SL Bequette, BJ AF Oba, M Baldwin, RL Owens, SL Bequette, BJ TI Metabolic fates of ammonia-N in ruminal epithelial and duodenal mucosal cells isolated from growing sheep SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; ruminal epithelial cells; duodenal mucosal cells; ammonia ID PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; AMINO-ACID CATABOLISM; UREA SYNTHESIS; IN-VITRO; LIVER; ENTEROCYTES; CITRULLINE; GLUTAMINE; ARGININE; DIET AB The objective of this experiment was to determine the capability of ruminant gut tissues to detoxify ammonia-N using short-term incubations of isolated cells in vitro. Ruminal epithelial cells (REC) and duodenal mucosal cells (DMC) were isolated from growing Texel-Polypay ram lambs (n = 4) fed a pelleted forage: concentrate-based diet. Immediately after isolation, primary cells were incubated for 60 min with glucose (1mM), glutamate ( 1mM), [N-15] ammonium chloride ( 5, 10, 20, or 40 mM), and 1 of 4 combinations of substrates ( 1 mM each) that could support urea synthesis [ control, N-carbamoylglutamate (NCG); NCG + ornithine (ONCG); and ONCG + aspartate (AONCG)]. Treatments were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial design. Incorporation of ammonia-N-15 into alanine, citrulline, arginine, and urea was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For both cell types, ammonia-N transfer to alanine was lower when incubation medium contained NCG compared with control, whereas use of ammonia-N for net alanine synthesis increased quadratically with ammonia concentration regardless of substrate treatment. For REC, ammonia-N was not incorporated into citrulline, arginine, or urea, nor into arginine or urea by DMC. Ammonia-N use for net citrulline synthesis exhibited an inverse relationship with ammonia concentration, decreasing linearly as media ammonia concentration increased. Thus, alanine synthesis may be a significant metabolic pathway for ruminant gut tissues to detoxify ammonia-N when it is presented luminally at high concentrations as compared with detoxification by the ornithine-urea cycle. Furthermore, DMC do exhibit a metabolic capability to incorporate ammonia-N into citrulline, but low or absent activity of downstream enzymes of the ornithine-urea cycle appears to limit ammonia-N transfers to urea. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Oba, M (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM masahito.oba@ualberta.ca NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 11 BP 3963 EP 3970 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 975FV UT WOS:000232647300024 PM 16230702 ER PT J AU Reynal, SM Broderick, GA AF Reynal, SM Broderick, GA TI Effect of dietary level of rumen-degraded protein on production and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rumen-degraded protein; dairy cow; nitrogen metabolism; microbial protein ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TREATED SOYBEAN-MEAL; AMINO-ACIDS; AMMONIA CONCENTRATION; UREA SUPPLEMENTATION; PURINE DERIVATIVES; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; ALFALFA SILAGE; IN-VITRO; RUMINAL FERMENTATION AB Twenty-eight ( 8 with ruminal cannulas) lactating Holstein cows were assigned to 4 x 4 Latin squares and fed diets with different levels of rumen-degraded protein (RDP) to study the effect of RDP on production and N metabolism. Diets contained [ dry matter (DM) basis] 37% corn silage, 13% alfalfa silage, and 50% concentrate. The concentrate contained solvent and lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal and urea, and was adjusted to provide RDP at: 13.2, 12.3, 11.7, and 10.6% of DM in diets A to D, respectively. Intake of DM and yield of milk, fat-corrected milk, and fat were not affected by treatments. Dietary RDP had positive linear effects on milk true protein content and microbial non-ammonia N (NAN) flow at the omasal canal, and a quadratic effect on true protein yield, with maximal protein production at 12.3% RDP. However, dietary RDP had a positive linear effect on total N excretion, with urinary N accounting for most of the increase, and a negative linear effect on environmental N efficiency ( kg of milk produced per kg of N excreted). Therefore, a compromise between profitability and environmental quality was achieved at a dietary RDP level of 11.7% of DM. Observed microbial NAN flow and RDP supply were higher and RUP flow was lower than those predicted by the NRC ( 2001) model. The NRC ( 2001) model overpredicted production responses to RUP compared with the results in this study. Replacing default NRC degradation rates for protein supplements with rates measured in vivo resulted in similar observed and predicted values, suggesting that in situ degradation rates used by the NRC are slower than apparent rates in this study. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Reynal, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sreynal@wisc.edu NR 70 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 11 BP 4045 EP 4064 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 975FV UT WOS:000232647300032 PM 16230710 ER PT J AU Reynal, SM Broderick, GA Bearzi, C AF Reynal, SM Broderick, GA Bearzi, C TI Comparison of four markers for quantifying microbial protein flow from the rumen of lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial marker; N-15; purines; dairy cow ID PURINE DERIVATIVE EXCRETION; AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RUMINAL NITROGEN-METABOLISM; DIETARY UREA CONCENTRATION; TREATED SOYBEAN-MEAL; RED CLOVER SILAGE; DUODENAL DIGESTA; AMMONIA CONCENTRATION; BACTERIAL FRACTIONS AB Eight ruminally cannulated lactating cows from a study on the effects of dietary rumen degraded protein (RDP) on production and N metabolism were used to compare N-15, total purines, amino acid ( AA) profiles, and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) as microbial markers for quantifying the flow of microbial protein at the omasal canal. Dietary RDP was gradually decreased by replacing solvent soybean meal and urea with lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal. The purine metabolites xanthine and hypoxanthine were present in digesta and microbial samples and were assumed to be of microbial origin. The sum of the purines and their metabolites ( adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine) were defined as total purines (TP) and used as a microbial marker. Decreasing dietary RDP from 13.2 to 10.6% of dry matter (DM) reduced microbial nonammonia N (NAN) flows estimated using TP ( from 415 to 369 g/d), N-15 ( from 470 to 384 g/d), AA profiles ( from 392 to 311 g/d), and PD ( from 436 to 271 g/d). Averaged across diets, microbial NAN flows were highest when estimated using TP and N-15 ( 398 and 429 g/d), lowest when using PD ( 305 g/d), and intermediate when using AA profiles ( 360 g/d) as microbial markers. Correlation coefficients between N-15 and TP for fluid-associated bacteria, particle-associated bacteria, and total microbial NAN flows were 0.38, 0.85, and 0.69, respectively. When TP was used as the microbial marker, ruminal escape of dietary NAN was not affected by replacing solvent soybean meal with lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal in the diets. The direction and extent of response of dietary and microbial NAN flow to dietary treatments were similar when estimated using N-15, AA profiles, and PD, and were in agreement with previously published data and National Research Council predictions. Microbial and dietary NAN flows from the rumen estimated using N-15 appeared to be more accurate and precise than the other markers. Caution is required when interpreting results obtained using TP as the microbial marker. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med Vet, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Reynal, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sreynal@wisc.edu NR 89 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 11 BP 4065 EP 4082 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 975FV UT WOS:000232647300033 PM 16230711 ER PT J AU Ashwell, MS Heyen, DW Weller, JI Ron, M Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Lewin, HA AF Ashwell, MS Heyen, DW Weller, JI Ron, M Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Lewin, HA TI Detection of quantitative trait loci influencing conformation traits and calving ease in Holstein-Friesian cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genome scan; dairy; conformation; quantitative trait loci ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; WHOLE GENOME SCAN; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; SOMATIC-CELL SCORES; LINEAR TYPE TRAITS; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-PRODUCTION; DAUGHTER DESIGN; BOVINE GENOME; UNITED-STATES AB An extension of our previous genome scan of a North American Holstein-Friesian population was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting conformation traits. Resource families consisted of 1404 sons of 10 elite sires. Genome coverage was estimated to be 2713.5 cM (90%) for 406 markers using a granddaughter design. Regression interval mapping was used to detect QTL affecting 22 conformation traits, including body, udder, feet and legs, and dairy conformation as well as calving ease. Analysis of the families jointly identified 41 chromosome-wise significant QTL influencing conformation traits and 3 significant QTL influencing calving ease on 20 chromosomes. The false discovery rate method was used to account for multiple testing and 3/4 of the suggestive and 5/6 of significant QTL should be real effects. Fourteen of the 44 QTL were significant at the genome-wise level. Comparison of these results with other published reports identifies common QTL affecting conformation traits. Regions on 10 chromosomes appear to affect multiple traits, including conformation, milk production, and somatic cell score, within these particular US Holstein families. Additional work is needed to determine the precise locations of the QTL and select positional candidate genes influencing these traits. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Anim Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ashwell, MS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Melissa_Ashwell@ncsu.edu OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 46 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 11 BP 4111 EP 4119 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 975FV UT WOS:000232647300037 PM 16230715 ER PT J AU Charnley, S Engelbert, B AF Charnley, S Engelbert, B TI Evaluating public participation in environmental decision-making: EPA's superfund community involvement program SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE superfund; public participation; program evaluation; environmental decision-making ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; POLICY AB This article discusses an 8-year, ongoing project that evaluates the Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund community involvement program. The project originated as a response to the Government Performance and Results Act, which requires federal agencies to articulate program goals, and evaluate and report their progress in meeting those goals. The evaluation project assesses how effective the Superfund community involvement program is in promoting public participation in decisions about how to clean up hazardous wastes at Superfund sites. We do three things in the article: (1) share our experience with evaluating an Agency public participation program, including lessons learned about methods of evaluation; (2) report evaluation results; and (3) address a number of issues pertaining to the evaluation of public participation in environmental decision-making. Our goal is to encourage more environmental managers to incorporate evaluation into their public participation programs as a tool for improving them, We found that written mail surveys were an effective and economical tool for obtaining feedback on EPA's community involvement program at Superfund sites. The evaluation focused on four criteria: citizen satisfaction with EPA information about the Superfund site, citizen understanding of environmental and human health risks associated with the site, citizen satisfaction with opportunities provided by EPA for community input, and citizen satisfaction with EPA's response to community input. While the evaluation results were mixed, in general, community members who were most informed about and involved in the cleanup process at Superfund sites generally were also the most satisfied with the community involvement process, and the job that EPA was doing cleaning up the site. We conclude that systematic evaluation provides meaningful and useful information that agencies can use to improve their public participation programs. However, there need to be institutionalized processes that ensure evaluation results are used to develop and implement strategies for improvement. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us; engelbert.bruce@epa.gov NR 34 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.002 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986GQ UT WOS:000233438500001 PM 16112794 ER PT J AU Chow, AT Guo, F Gao, S Breuer, RS AF Chow, AT Guo, F Gao, S Breuer, RS TI Trihalomethane formation potential of filter isolates of electrolyte-extractable soil organic carbon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID THM PRECURSOR; PEAT SOILS; MATTER; ULTRAFILTRATION; REACTIVITY; ACIDS; DOC AB Certain organic C moieties of soil origin in drinking source waters of Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) can react with chlorine to form trihalomethanes (THMs) during the disinfection process. Isolation and characterization of them and quantitation of their THM formation potential (THMFP) is necessary for developing effective strategies to reduce their influxes in Delta waters and for removing them during drinking water treatment. In this study, organic C from two Delta soils was extracted using deionized H2O and four Na- or Ca-based electrolytes of varying electrical conductivity values. Extracts were filtered into particulate, colloidal, fine colloidal, and soluble organic C for quantitation and THMFP determination. Results suggested that < 1.5% of soil organic C was electrolyte-extractable. The soluble organic C fraction from both soils dominated in quantity and TKMFP. Electrolyte effects were cation dependent. Sodium-based electrolytes at either conductivity level did not significantly decrease extractable organic C (EOC) or THMFP compared with deionized H2O. In contrast, Ca-based electrolytes reduced EOC and THMFP by > 50% even at 1 dS m(-1). Further increase in Ca concentration did not significantly decrease EOC or TKMFP. Most reduction in EOC and THMFP by Ca-based electrolytes occurred with the fractions other than the soluble organic C. Results suggested that under natural soil leaching and runoff conditions, the majority of THMFP is associated with organic C of < 0.025 mu m in diameter. Further molecular characterization of the fractions with high THMFP may help understand the nature of chlorine-reactive organic C from Delta soils. C1 Calif Dept Water Resources, Off Water Qual, Div Environm Sci, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Hydrol Program, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Chow, AT (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Off Water Qual, Div Environm Sci, POB 942836, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. EM fguo@water.ca.gov RI Chow, Alex/S-8737-2016 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [K12GM00679] NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1992 EP 1997 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0426 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500008 PM 16221818 ER PT J AU Nelson, NO Parsons, JE Mikkelsen, RL AF Nelson, NO Parsons, JE Mikkelsen, RL TI Field-scale evaluation of phosphorus leaching in acid sandy soils receiving swine waste SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DRAINAGE WATER; LOSSES; BERMUDAGRASS; FORMS; SATURATION; PHOSPHATE; MEHLICH-3; MOVEMENT; KINETICS AB Accurate descriptions of P leaching are important because excess P applied to soils can enter surface water via leaching and subsurface transport, thereby negatively impacting water quality. The objectives of this study were to monitor P leaching in soils with a long-term history of waste application, relate soil solution P concentrations to soil P status, and quantify P leaching losses. Soil solution was monitored for 20 mo with samplers installed at 45-, 90-, and 135-cm depths in two pits (1 x 3 x 1.5 m) in Autryville (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Paleudults) and Blanton (loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults) soils located in a grazed pasture in Sampson County, NC, which had received swine waste for > 20 yr. Maximum soil solution P concentrations at 45 cm exceeded 18 mg L-1 in both soils. Soil solution P concentrations at 90 cm in the Blanton soil were similar to that at 45 cm indicating low P sorption. Soil solution P concentrations at 90 cm in the Autryville soil averaged 0.05 mg L-1 compared to 10 mg L-1 at 45 cm. A split-line model related soil solution P concentration to the degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS), identifying a change point at 45% DPS. Phosphorus movement past 45 cm equaled or exceeded surplus P additions for both soils. Longterm waste applications resulted in DPS > 90%, high soil solution P concentrations, and substantial vertical P movement. Phosphorus leaching should be considered when assessing long-term risk of P loss from waste-amended soils. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM nnelson@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2024 EP 2035 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0445 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500012 PM 16221822 ER PT J AU Powell, JM McCrory, DF Jackson-Smith, DB Saam, H AF Powell, JM McCrory, DF Jackson-Smith, DB Saam, H TI Manure collection and distribution on Wisconsin dairy farms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Manure management plans require knowing the amount of manure produced, collected, and available for land-spreading. Whereas much information is available to calculate manure production, little is known about the types and amounts of manure actually collected on typical dairy farms. This study of 54 representative Wisconsin dairy farms showed significant regional, housing, and herd size differences in collection of manure from lactating cows (Bos taurus), dry cows, and heifers. Significantly (P < 0.05) less manure is collected in the hilly southwest (56% of total annual herd production) than in the undulating south central (72%),or the flat northeast (68%) regions. Collection of lactating cow manure is significantly (P < 0.05) lower from stanchion (66% of total annual production) than free-stall (89%) housing, and significant (P < 0.05) positive relationships were found between the number of lactating cows a farm keeps and the percentage manure collected. Average annual manure N (range of 116-846 kg N ha(-1)) and P (range of 24-158 kg P ha(-1)) loading rates in areas where manure goes uncollected was highest in unvegetated barnyards followed by vegetated and partially vegetated outside areas. Once uncollected manure was accounted for, average annual loading rates on cereal cropland ranged from 128 to 337 kg ha(-1) of manure N, and from 45 to 139 kg ha(-1) of manure P. Compared with adjacent cropland, the accumulation of uncollected manure has vastly increased soil test P, K, and organic matter levels in outside areas. Manure management on Wisconsin dairy farms with small to medium herds might require assistance in managing manure in outside confinement areas to reduce the risk of impairing surface and ground water quality. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jmpowel2@wisc.edu RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2036 EP 2044 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0478 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500013 PM 16221823 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Shelton, DR Pachepsky, YA AF Guber, AK Shelton, DR Pachepsky, YA TI Effect of manure on Escherichia coli attachment to soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; GROUNDWATER BACTERIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE-CHARGE; TRANSPORT; WATER; O157-H7; SAND; PREVALENCE; ADSORPTION AB Attachment of bacteria to soil is an important component of bacterial fate and transport. Escherichia coli are commonly used as indicators of fecal contamination in the environment. Despite the fact that E. coli are derived exclusively from feces or manure, effect of the presence of manure colloids on bacteria attachment to agricultural soils was never directly studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of manure on E. coli attachment to soil. Escherichia coli attachment to soil was studied in batch experiments with samples of loam and sandy clay loam topsoil that were taken in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Escherichia coli cells were added to the water-manure suspensions containing 0, 20, and 40 g L-1 of filtered liquid bovine manure, which subsequently were equilibrated with air-dry sieved soil in different soil to suspension ratios. The Langmuir isotherm equation was fitted to data. Manure dramatically affected E. coli attachment to soil. Attachment isotherms were closer to linear without manure and were strongly nonlinear in the presence of manure. The maximum E. coli attachment occurred in the absence of manure. Increasing manure content generally resulted in decreased attachment. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Bourns Hall A135, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM aguber@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2086 EP 2090 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0039 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500019 PM 16221829 ER PT J AU Moore, PA Edwards, DR AF Moore, PA Edwards, DR TI Long-term effects of poultry litter, alum-treated litter, and ammonium nitrate on aluminum availability soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Phosphorus Workshop on Critical Evaluation of Options for Reducing Phosphorus Loss from Agriculture CY AUG, 2004 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS ID REDUCING PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; SULFATE; VOLATILIZATION; QUALITY; MANURE; PLOTS; LAKES AB Research has shown that alum [Al-2(SO4)(3)center dot 14H(2)O] applications to poultry litter can greatly reduce phosphorus (P) runoff, as well as decrease ammonia (NH3) volatilization. However, the long-term effects of fertilizing with alum-treated litter are unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term effects of normal poultry litter, alum-treated litter, and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) On aluminum, (Al) availability in soils, Al uptake by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and tall fescue yields. A long-term study was initiated in April of 1995. There were 13 treatments (unfertilized control, four rates of normal litter, four rates of alum-treated litter, and four rates of NH4NO3) in a randomized block design. All fertilizers were broadcast applied to 52 small plots (3.05 x 1.52 m) cropped to tall fescue annually in the spring. Litter application rates were 2.24, 4.49, 6.73, and 8.98 Mg ha(-1) (1, 2, 3, and 4 tons acre(-1)); NH4NO3 rates were 65, 130, 195, and 260 kg N ha-1 and were based on the amount of N applied with alum-treated litter. Soil pH, exchangeable Al (extracted with potassium chloride), Al uptake by fescue, and fescue yields were monitored periodically over time. Ammonium nitrate applications resulted in reductions in soil pH beginning in Year 3, causing exchangeable Al values to increase from less than 1 mg Al kg(-1) soil in Year 2 to over 100 mg Al kg(-1) soil in Year 7 for many of the NH4NO3 plots. In contrast, normal and alum-treated litter resulted in an increase in soil pH, which decreased exchangeable Al when compared to unfertilized controls. Severe yield reductions were observed with NH4NO3 beginning in Year 6, which were due to high levels of acidity and exchangeable Al. Aluminum uptake by forage and Al runoff from the plots were not affected by treatment. Fescue yields were highest with alumtreated litter (annual average = 7.36 Mg ha(-1)), followed by normal litter (6.93 Mg ha(-1)), NH4NO3 (6.16 Mg ha(-1)), and the control (2.89 Mg ha-1). These data indicate that poultry litter, particularly alum-treated litter, may be a more sustainable fertilizer than NH4NO3. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Plant Sci 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM philipm@uark.edu NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2104 EP 2111 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0472 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500022 PM 16275710 ER PT J AU Gehl, RJ Schmidt, JP Stone, LR Schlegel, AJ Clark, GA AF Gehl, RJ Schmidt, JP Stone, LR Schlegel, AJ Clark, GA TI In situ measurements of nitrate leaching implicate poor nitrogen and irrigation management on sandy soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS PRODUCTION; CORN; GROUNDWATER; MAIZE; LOSSES; WATER; CONTAMINATION; LYSIMETERS; FERTILIZER; DRAINAGE AB Minimizing the risk of nitrate contamination along the waterways of the U.S. Great Plains is essential to continued irrigated corn production and quality water supplies. The objectives of this study were to quantify nitrate (NO3) leaching for irrigated sandy soils (Pratt loamy fine sand [sandy, mixed, mesic Lamellic Haplustalfs]) and to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer and irrigation management strategies on NO3 leaching in irrigated corn. Two irrigation schedules (LOX and 1.25 X optimum) were combined with six N fertilizer treatments broadcast as NH4NO3 (kg N ha(-1)): 300 and 250 applied pre-plant; 250 applied pre-plant and sidedress; 185 applied pre-plant and sidedress; 125 applied pre-plant and sidedress; and 0. Porous-cup tensiometers and solution samplers were installed in each of the four highest N treatments. Soil solution samples were collected during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. Maximum corn grain yield was achieved with 125 or 185 kg N ha(-1), regardless of the irrigation schedule (IS). The 1.25 x IS exacerbated the amount of NO3 leached below the 152-cm depth in the preplant N treatments, with a mean of 146 kg N ha(-1) for the 250 and 300 kg N preplant applications compared with 12 kg N ha-1 for the same N treatments and LOX IS. With 185 kg N ha-1, the 1.25 x IS treatment resulted in 74 kg N ha-1 leached compared with 10 kg N ha(-1) for the LOX IS. Appropriate irrigation scheduling and N fertilizer rates are essential to improving N management practices on these sandy soils. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Schmidt, JP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM john.schmidt@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2243 EP 2254 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0047 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500038 PM 16275726 ER PT J AU Sukkariyah, BF Evanylo, G Zelazny, L Chaney, RL AF Sukkariyah, BF Evanylo, G Zelazny, L Chaney, RL TI Cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc availability in a biosolids-amended Piedmont soil years after application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE APPLICATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; PHYTOAVAILABILITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; EXTRACTANTS; RECOVERY; PLANTS; DTPA AB Concerns over the possible increase in phytoavailability of bio-solids-applied trace metals to plants have been raised based on the assumption that decomposition of applied organic matter would increase phytoavailability. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of time on chemical extractability and concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in plants on plots established by a single application of biosolids with high trace metals content in 1984. Biosolids were applied to 1.5 by 2.3 m confined plots of a Davidson clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults) at 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, and 210 Mg ha'. The highest biosolids application supplied 4.5, 760, 43, and 620 kg ha(-1) of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, respectively. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were planted at the site for 3 consecutive years, 17 to 19 yr after biosolids application. Extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn (as measured by DTPA, CaCl2, and Mehlich-1) were determined on 15-cm depth samples from each plot. The DTPA-extractable Cu and Zn decreased by 58 and 42%, respectively, 17 yr after application despite a significant reduction in organic matter content. Biosolids treatments had no significant effect on crop yield. Plant tissue metal concentrations increased with biosolids rate but were within the normal range of these crops. Trace metal concentrations in plants generally correlated well with the concentrations extracted from soil with DTPA, CaCl2 and Meblich-1. Metal concentrations in plant tissue exhibited a plateau response in most cases. The uptake coefficient values generated for the different crops were in agreement with the values set by the Part 503 Rule. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USDA ARS, AMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sukkariyah, BF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM bsukkari@vt.edu NR 41 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2255 EP 2262 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0369 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500039 PM 16275727 ER PT J AU Byers, HL Cabrera, ML Matthews, MK Franklin, DH Andrae, JG Radcliffe, DE McCann, MA Kuykendall, HA Hoveland, CS Calvert, VH AF Byers, HL Cabrera, ML Matthews, MK Franklin, DH Andrae, JG Radcliffe, DE McCann, MA Kuykendall, HA Hoveland, CS Calvert, VH TI Phosphorus, sediment, and Escherichia coli loads in unfenced streams of the Georgia Piedmont, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; HEAT-STRESS; CATTLE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; SHADE; GIS AB Contamination of unfenced streams with P, sediments, and pathogenic bacteria from cattle (Bos taurus) activity may be affected by the availability of shade and alternative water sources. The objectives of this study were to evaluate water quality in two streams draining tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) pastures with different shade distribution, and to quantify the effects of alternative water sources on stream water quality. For 3 yr, loads of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) were measured during storm flow, and loads of DRP, TP, TSS, and Escherichia coli were measured every 14 d during base flow. We also used GPS collars to determine amount of time cattle spent in riparian areas. Our results showed that cattle-grazed pastures with unfenced streams contributed significant loads of DRP, TP, TSS, and E. coli to surface waters (P < 0.01). Time spent by cattle in riparian areas as well as storm flow loads of DRP, TP, and TSS were larger (p < 0.08) in the pasture with the smaller amount of nonriparian shade. Water trough availability decreased base flow loads of TSS and E. coli in both streams, and decreased time cattle spent in riparian areas in the pasture with the smaller amount of nonriparian shade (p < 0.08). Our results indicate that possible BMPs to reduce contamination from cattle-grazed pastures would be to develop or encourage nonriparian shade and to provide cattle with alternative water sources away from the stream. C1 Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, ARS, JPCS, NRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Cent Res & Educ Ctr, Eatonton, GA 31024 USA. RP Cabrera, ML (reprint author), Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. EM mcabrera@uga.edu NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2293 EP 2300 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0335 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500042 PM 16275730 ER PT J AU Bechmann, ME Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Saporito, LS AF Bechmann, ME Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Saporito, LS TI Freeze-thaw effects on phosphorus loss in runoff froin manured and catch-cropped soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; INCREASE; PLANTS; FORMS; SCALE; SOUTH AB Concern over nonpoint source P losses from agricultural lands to surface waters in frigid climates has focused attention on the role of freezing and thawing on P loss from catch crops (cover crops). This study evaluated the effect of freezing and thawing on the fate of P in bare soils, soils mixed with dairy manure, and soils with an established catch crop of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.). Experiments were conducted to evaluate changes in P runoff from packed soil boxes (100 by 20 by 5 cm) and P leaching from intact soil columns (30 cm deep). Before freezing and thawing, total P (TP) in runoff from catch-cropped soils was lower than from manured and bare soils due to lower erosion. Repeated freezing and thawing significantly increased water-extractable P (WEP) from catch crop biomass and resulted in significantly elevated concentrations of dissolved P in runoff (9.7 mg L-1) compared with manured (0.18 mg L-1) and bare soils (0.114 mg L-1). Catch crop WEP was strongly correlated with the number of freeze-thaw cycles. Freezing and thawing did not change the WEP of soils mixed with manures, nor were differences observed in subsurface losses of P between catch-cropped and bare soils before or after manure application. This study illustrates the trade-offs of establishing catch crops in frigid climates, which can enhance P uptake by biomass and reduce erosion potential but increase dissolved P runoff. C1 Norwegian Ctr Soil & Environm Res, N-1432 As, Norway. USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bechmann, ME (reprint author), Norwegian Ctr Soil & Environm Res, N-1432 As, Norway. EM marianne.bechmann@jordforsk.no RI Baulch, Helen/I-9529-2012 NR 67 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2301 EP 2309 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0415 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500043 PM 16275731 ER PT J AU Lucero, ME Estell, RE Sedillo, RL AF Lucero, ME Estell, RE Sedillo, RL TI The composition of Dalea formosa oil determined by steam distillation and solid-phase microextraction SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dalea formosa; Fabacae; feather dalea; essential oil composition; alpha-pinene AB Dalea formosa Torr. (feather dalea, featherplume) was collected from the Jornada Experimental Range in south central New Mexico. Current year's growth was collected from 10 plants, all found within an approximate 50 m radius of the GPS coordinates N32 degrees 40.645'and W106 degrees 33.60 1' during July 2001. Composite samples of the plants were steam distilled in triplicate, and the composite oil was analyzed using both GC-FID and GC/MS. The volatile composition of plants collected from the same site was also examined using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a 100 gm polydirriethylsiloxane fiber. Mass spectra and retention indices were used to identify 58 previously described compounds. The retention index and El mass spectra are provided for one unknown. The most abundant constituents of the oil were alpha-pinene (31.7%), camphene (8.4%) and limonene (8.1%). In contrast, alpha-pinene (33.6%), beta-pinene (13.2%) and camphene (11.1%)were the most abundant constituents of the SPME samples. This difference in composition may be due to either sampling technique or harvesting time. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Lucero, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 645 EP 647 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 991RC UT WOS:000233830300018 ER PT J AU Kobaisy, M Tellez, MR Dayan, FE Mamonov, LK Mukanova, GS Sitpaeva, GT Gemejieva, NG AF Kobaisy, M Tellez, MR Dayan, FE Mamonov, LK Mukanova, GS Sitpaeva, GT Gemejieva, NG TI Composition and phytotoxic activity of Nepeta pannonica L. essential oil SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nepeta pannonica; Lamiaceae; essential oil composition; 1,8-cineole; 4a alpha,7 beta,7a alpha-nepetalactone; phytotoxicity; allelochemical activity ID CHAUB. SUBSP ARGOLICA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RACEMOSA LAM.; RAISON DETRE; GROWING WILD; IRAN; LAMIACEAE; BOISS.; NEPETALACTONE; CONSTITUENTS AB The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of Nepeta pannonica L. from Kazakhstan was investigated by GC and GUMS. Sixty components were characterized from N. pannonica with 1,8-cineole (28.9%), and 4 alpha,7 beta,7a alpha-nepetalactone (14.3%) as the major constituents. The oil of N. pannonica was more phytotoxic to bentgrass compared to lettuce seeds, with 100% growth inhibition observed at 0.3, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Inst Plant Physiol Genet & Bioengn, Alma Ata 480090, Kazakhstan. Inst Bot & Phytointroduct, Alma Ata 480090, Kazakhstan. RP Kobaisy, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Box 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 704 EP 707 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 991RC UT WOS:000233830300033 ER PT J AU Collins, MV Flick, GJ Smith, SA Fayer, R Rubendall, E Lindsay, DS AF Collins, MV Flick, GJ Smith, SA Fayer, R Rubendall, E Lindsay, DS TI Effects of e-beam irradiation and microwave energy on Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE e-beam irradiation; microwave; shellfish ID VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; OOCYSTS; WATER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONTAMINATION; DISINFECTION; INACTIVATION; INFECTIVITY AB Shellfish have been identified as a potential source of Cryptosporidium infection for humans The inactivation of C. parvum and other pathogens in raw molluscan shellfish would provide increased food safety for normal and at-risk consumers. The present study examined the efficacy of two alternative food-processing treatments, e-beam irradiation and microwave energy, on the viability of C parvum ocicysts in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica), which were artificially infected with the Beltsville strain of C parvum. The effects of the treatments were evaluated by oral feeding of the processed oyster tissues to neonatal mice. Significant reductions (P < 0.05) in infectivity were observed for in-shell and shucked oysters treated with e-beam irradiation at doses of 10, 1.5, or 2 kGy vs untreated controls. A dose of 2 kGy completely eliminated C. parvum infectivity and did not adversely affect the visual appearance of the oysters. Oyster tissue treated with microwave exposures of 1 s (43.2 degrees C), 2s (54.0 degrees C), and 3 s (62.5 degrees C) showed a reduction in C parvum mouse infectivity, but the effects were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from controls. Microwave energy treatments at 2 and 3 s showed extensive changes in oyster meat texture and color. Thus, because of lack of efficacy and unacceptable tissue changes, microwave treatment of oysters is not considered a viable food-processing method. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. SureBeam Corp, Sioux City, IA 51111 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 47 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00056.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 991PP UT WOS:000233826200003 PM 16313439 ER PT J AU Collins, MV Flick, GJ Smith, SA Fayer, R Croonenberghs, R O'Keefe, S Lindsay, DS AF Collins, MV Flick, GJ Smith, SA Fayer, R Croonenberghs, R O'Keefe, S Lindsay, DS TI The effect of high-pressure processing on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts recovered from experimentally exposed Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food safety; inactivation; non-thermal processing; public health; shellfish ID HIGH-HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; SHELF-LIFE EXTENSION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONTAMINATION; SHELLFISH; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; STRAINS AB Shellfish have been identified as a potential source of Cryptospondium infection for humans. The inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum and other pathogens in raw molluscan shellfish would provide increased food safety for normal and at-risk consumers The present study identified the efficacy of a non-thermal alternative food-processing treatment, high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP), on the viability of C parvum oocysts in the Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Oysters were artificially exposed to 2 x 10(7) oocysts of the Beltsville strain of C parvum in seawater and subjected to HPP treatments The effects of the treatments were evaluated by inoculation of the processed oyster tissues into neonatal mice High-pressure processing of shucked Eastern oysters at all pressures tested (305, 370, 400, 480, and 550 MPa) was significantly effective (P < 0 05) in reducing the numbers of positive mouse pups fed treated oyster tissues exposed to C parvum oocysts. A dose of 550 MPa at 180 s (s) of holding time produced the maximum decrease in numbers of C parvum positive mouse pups (93.3%) Measurement of tristimulus color values of HPP-treated raw oysters at extended processing times from 120 s to 360 s at 550 MPa showed a small increase in whiteness of oyster meat. This non-thermal processing treatment shows promise for commercial applications to improve safety of seafood and reduce public health risks from cryptospondiosis. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Div Shellfish Sanitat, Richmond, VA 23119 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 P, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1111/j.550-7408.2005.00059.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 991PP UT WOS:000233826200006 PM 16313442 ER PT J AU Robinson, AR Gheneim, R Kozak, RA Ellis, DD Mansfield, SD AF Robinson, AR Gheneim, R Kozak, RA Ellis, DD Mansfield, SD TI The potential of metabolite profiling as a selection tool for genotype discrimination in Populus SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ferulate 5-hydroxylase; lignin; metabolite profiling; metabolomics; Populus; suspension cultures ID BICOLOR L MOENCH; ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLANTS; TREES; IDENTIFICATION; LIGNIFICATION; NETWORKS AB Differences between wild-type Populus tremulaxalba and two transgenic lines with modified lignin monomer composition, were interrogated using metabolic profiling. Analysis of metabolite abundance data by GC-MS, coupled with principal components analysis (PCA), successfully differentiated between lines that had distinct phenotypes, whether samples were taken from the cambial zone or non-lignifying suspension tissue cultures. Interestingly, the GC-MS analysis detected relatively few phenolic metabolites in cambial extracts, although a single metabolite associated with the differentiation between lines was directly related to the phenylpropanoid pathway or other down-stream aspects of lignin biosynthesis. In fact, carbohydrates, which have only an indirect relationship with the modified lignin monomer composition, featured strongly in the line-differentiating aspects of the statistical analysis. Traditional HPLC analysis was employed to verify the GC-MS data. These findings demonstrate that metabolic traits can be dissected reliably and accurately by metabolomic analyses, enabling the discrimination of individual genotypes of the same tree species that exhibit marked differences in industrially relevant wood traits. Furthermore, this validates the potential of using metabolite profiling techniques for marker generation in the context of plant/tree breeding for industrial applications. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USDA, Nat Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mansfield, SD (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM shawnman@interchange.ubc.ca NR 50 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 56 IS 421 BP 2807 EP 2819 DI 10.1093/jxb/eri273 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 976QN UT WOS:000232748400004 PM 16143717 ER PT J AU Moore, S Payton, P Wright, M Tanksley, S Giovannoni, J AF Moore, S Payton, P Wright, M Tanksley, S Giovannoni, J TI Utilization of tomato microarrays for comparative gene expression analysis in the Solanaceae SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE eggplant; fruit ripening microarray; pepper; Solanaceae; tomato ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; SOLANUM-MELONGENA; RIPENING FRUITS; EVOLUTION; ETHYLENE; PLANTS; SEQUENCE AB Transcriptional profiling allows for the assessment and comparison of cross-species gene activity and function on a comprehensive scale. The Solanaceae is a large, diverse dicot family, with well-established genetic relationships between major crop species (tomato, potato, pepper, eggplant, and tobacco). Although Arabidopsis thaliana is often the model of choice for anchoring comparative studies, certain biological processes are better examined in other plants. The ripening of fleshy fruits is not tractable in Arabidopsis; however, it has received considerable attention in tomato. As a member of the Solanaceae, tomato provides a well-characterized system to anchor transcriptional profiles of fruit ripening and development in related species. By utilizing different stages of tomato, pepper, and eggplant fruit, the use of tomato microarrays for expression analysis has been demonstrated in closely related heterologous species, and groups of candidate expressed sequence tags, which are useful as orthologous markers, have been identified, as well as genes implicated in fruit ripening and development in the Solanaceae. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd,Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu OI Wright, Mark/0000-0001-8036-1161 NR 61 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 56 IS 421 BP 2885 EP 2895 DI 10.1093/jxb/eri283 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 976QN UT WOS:000232748400011 PM 16216847 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR Tao, Y AF Kim, MS Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR Tao, Y TI Automated detection of fecal contamination of apples based on multispectral fluorescence image fusion SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fluorescence imaging; multispectral; food safety; fecal contamination; apples ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; POULTRY CARCASSES; PLANT-LEAVES; SYSTEM; SPECTRA AB Fluorescence techniques have shown great potential for detecting animal feces on foods. A recently developed field portable multispectral fluorescence imaging system was used to acquire steady-state fluorescence images of feces contaminated apples. Twenty Red Delicious apples encompassing natural color variation were artificially contaminated with dairy cow feces to create five fecal contamination spots on each apple. The feces spots were not clearly visible to the human eye. Multispectral fluorescence images, with wavebands centered at the red emission peaks of cow feces and apples, in addition to blue and green bands, were evaluated to determine an optimal red band for detection of feces contamination spots on apples. The results show that fluorescence emission bands at 670nm provided the greatest potential for the detection of feces contamination on apples. In addition, investigation of multispectral fusion methods indicated that band ratio image of 670nm to 450nm or 550nm improve sensitivity of detection. Two-band ratios along with the use of unsupervised histogram-based thresholding allowed detection of cow feces contaminations on apples regardless of apple colorations with a 100% success rate. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Bioimaging & Machine Vis Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303 BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave,Power Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kimm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.10.022 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 946OC UT WOS:000230580700010 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, LH TI Dynamic measurement and mathematical modeling of the temperature history on hot dog surfaces during vacuum-steam-vacuum processes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE surface pasteurization; hot dogs; modeling ID KILL LISTERIA-INNOCUA; PASTEURIZATION; CHICKEN; CYCLES AB The objective of this study was to develop an instrumentation system to measure the surface temperature of hot dogs during VSV processes. Results indicated that the pressure in the treatment chamber responded immediately and accurately to the events of VSV. The surface temperature history, however, followed an exponential trend after saturated steam was flushed into the treatment chamber. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the surface temperature history during steam pasteurization processes. According to the model, a 5-log reduction in L. innocua inoculated onto the surface of hot dogs could be achieved using 110 degrees C steam for 0.1 s, provided that the surface was perfectly smooth and bacteria were all distributed on the surface. However, bacteria still survived the VSV treatment even when higher temperatures were used. The incomplete destruction of bacteria on hot dog surfaces using current VSV processes may be due to the fact that the pores are filled with water and heat must penetrate into a certain depth under the surface of hot dogs in order to eliminate L. monocytogenes. This study suggested using a single long steam treatment cycle, instead of multiple short VSV cycles, for a complete destruction of bacteria hidden beneath the surface of ready-to-eat solid foods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lhuang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.09.030 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 946OC UT WOS:000230580700013 ER PT J AU Barkocy-Gallagher, GA Edwards, KK Nou X Bosilevac, JM Arthur, TM Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Barkocy-Gallagher, GA Edwards, KK Nou, X Bosilevac, JM Arthur, TM Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M TI Methods for recovering Escherichia coli O157 : H7 from cattle fecal, hide, and carcass samples: Sensitivity and improvements SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; PREVALENCE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; FECES; SALMONELLA; SLAUGHTER AB The Meats Research Unit (MRU) methods, developed by MRU scientists of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, have been used to study the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle carcass, hide, and fecal samples. The sensitivity of these methods for recovery of injured E. coli O157:H7 cells from inoculated and uninoculated samples was determined, and potential improvements to these methods were evaluated. When using the conventional MRU methods, 91% of the preevisceration carcass samples tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 when inoculated with 5 to 10 CFU, 100% of hide samples tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 when inoculated with 30 to 50 CFU, and 96% of the fecal samples produced positive results when inoculated with 300 to 400 CFU per 10 g. The addition of a phosphate buffer to the tryptic soy broth enrichment improved recovery of E. coli O157:H7 from feces. Using the modified enrichment, 92% of the samples were identified as positive when inoculated with 10 to 30 CFU per 10 g. Substituting a commercially available wash buffer for the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) plus Tween 20 wash buffer during immunomagnetic separation of hide samples improved recovery of the target organism at lower inoculum concentrations. When comparing uninoculated samples, substituting a PBS buffer plus a zwitterionic detergent for PBS plus Tween 20 also had a positive effect on recovery of E. coli O157:H7 from hide samples. Data presented here indicate that the MRU methods are highly effective at recovering injured E. coli O157:H7 from fecal, hide, and beef carcass samples; however, modifications can be added to increase the sensitivity. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM koohmaraie@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 16 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2264 EP 2268 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 981NV UT WOS:000233096200002 PM 16300061 ER PT J AU Campos, DT Marks, BP Powell, MR Tamplin, ML AF Campos, DT Marks, BP Powell, MR Tamplin, ML TI Quantifying the robustness of a broth-based Escherichia coli O157 : H7 growth model in ground beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE-SURFACE MODELS; WATER ACTIVITY; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; PH; VALIDATION AB The robustness of a microbial growth model must be assessed before the model can be applied to new food matrices; therefore, a methodology for quantifying robustness was developed. A robustness index (RI) was computed as the ratio of the standard error of prediction to the standard error of calibration for a given model, where the standard error of calibration was defined as the root mean square error of the growth model against the data (log CFU per gram versus time) used to parameterize the model and the standard error of prediction was defined as the root mean square error of the model against an independent data set. This technique was used to evaluate the robustness of a broth-based model for aerobic growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (in the U.S Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Pathogen Modeling Program) in predicting growth in ground beef under different conditions. Comparison against previously published data (132 data sets with 1,178 total data points) from experiments in ground beef at various experimental conditions (4.8 to 45 degrees C and pH 5.5 to 5.9) yielded RI values ranging from 0.11 to 2.99. The estimated overall RI was 1.13. At temperatures between 15 and 40 degrees C, the RI was close to and smaller than 1, indicating that the growth model is relatively robust in that temperature range. However, the RI also was related (P < 0.05) to temperature. By quantifying the predictive accuracy relative to the expected accuracy, the RI could be a useful tool for comparing various models under different conditions. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19023 USA. RP Marks, BP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM marksbp@msu.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2301 EP 2309 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 981NV UT WOS:000233096200007 PM 16300066 ER PT J AU Martino, KG Marks, BP Campos, DT Tamplin, ML AF Martino, KG Marks, BP Campos, DT Tamplin, ML TI Quantifying the robustness of a broth-based model for predicting Listeria monocytogenes growth in meat and poultry products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; PH; BEEF; ATMOSPHERE; SALMONELLA; ENVIRONMENTS; NITRITE AB Given the importance of Listeria monocytogenes as a risk factor in meat and poultry products, there is a need to evaluate the relative robustness of predictive growth models applied to meat products. The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Pathogen Modeling Program is a tool widely used by the food industry to estimate pathogen growth, survival, and inactivation in food. However, the robustness of the Pathogen Modeling Program broth-based L. monocytogenes growth model in meat and poultry application has not, to our knowledge, been specifically evaluated. In the present study, this model was evaluated against independent data in terms of predicted microbial counts and covered a range of conditions inside and outside the original model domain. The robustness index was calculated as the ratio of the standard error of prediction (root mean square error of the model against an independent data set not used to create the model) to the standard error of calibration (root mean square error of the model against the data set used to create the model). Inside the calibration domain of the Pathogen Modeling Program, the best robustness index for application to meat products was 0.37; the worst was 3.96. Outside the domain, the best robustness index was 0.40, and the worst was 1.22. Product type influenced the robustness index values (P < 0.01). In general, the results indicated that broth-based predictive models should be validated against independent data in the domain of interest; otherwise, significant predictive errors can occur. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Marks, BP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, AW Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM marksbp@msu.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2310 EP 2316 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 981NV UT WOS:000233096200008 PM 16300067 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Harrison, MA Cox, NA AF Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Harrison, MA Cox, NA TI Impact of commercial processing on the microbiology of shell eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION; BACTERIAL LOADS; UNWASHED EGGS; WASH WATER; ENTERITIDIS; POPULATIONS; HENS; TEMPERATURE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB Shell egg microbiology has been studied extensively, but little information is available on how modern U.S. processing conditions impact microbial populations. As regulations are being drafted for the industry, such information can be important for determining processing steps critical to product safety. Five different shell egg surface microbial populations (aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella) were monitored at 12 points along the processing line (accumulator, prewash rinse, washer 1, washer 2, sanitizer, dryer, oiler, scales, two packer head lanes, rewash entrance, and rewash exit). Three commercial facilities were each visited three times, a total of 990 eggs were sampled, and 5,220 microbiological samples were subsequently analyzed. Although variations existed in concentrations of microorganisms recovered from each plant, the patterns of fluctuation for each population were similar at each plant. On average, aerobes, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli prevalence were reduced by 30, 20, 50, and 30%, respectively, by the end of processing. The microbial concentrations (log CFU per milliliter) in the egg rinse collected from packer head lanes were decreased by 3.3, 1.3, 1.3, and 0.5, respectively, when compared with those of rinses collected from eggs at the accumulator. Salmonella was recovered from 0 to 48% of pooled samples in the three repetitions. Higher concentrations of Salmonella were recovered from preprocessed than from in-process or ready-to-pack eggs. These data indicate that current commercial practices decrease microbial contamination of egg shell surfaces. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mmusgrov@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2367 EP 2375 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 981NV UT WOS:000233096200016 PM 16300075 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Sapers, GM Fett, WF AF Ukuku, DO Sapers, GM Fett, WF TI ATP bioluminescence assay for estimation of microbial populations of fresh-cut melon SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA; MICROFLORA; PRODUCE; NISIN AB Estimation of microbial numbers in foods by conventional microbiological techniques takes days, so there is a need for faster methods that can give results in minutes. Research was under-taken to investigate the use of bioluminescent ATP determination and a firefly luciferase assay to estimate the initial population of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on fresh-cut melons immediately after preparation and during storage at 5 or 15 degrees C for up to 12 days. Populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on fresh-cut cantaloupe prepared immediately from unsanitized whole melons averaged 3.42 log CFU/g, corresponding to an ATP value of 5.40 log fg/g. Populations for fresh-cut honeydew prepared from unsanitized whole melon averaged 1.97 log CFU/g, corresponding an ATP value of 3.94 log fg/g. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from cantaloupe or honeydew melons sanitized with either chlorine (200 ppm free chlorine) or hydrogen peroxide (2.5%) had similar ATP values: 3.1 log fg/g (corresponding to bacterial counts 1.7 log CFU/g) for cantaloupes and 2.6 log fg/g (corresponding to bacterial counts of 0.48 CFU/g) for fresh-cut honeydew. Positive linear correlations for ATP concentrations and microbial populations were found for fresh-cut cantaloupe (R-2 = 0.99) and honeydew R-2 = 0.95) during storage at 5 degrees C for up to 12 days. ATP values in fresh-cut melons inoculated with either aerobic mesophilic bacteria or yeast and mold were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than control values and parallel total plate counts on plate count agar. Results of this study indicate that the bioluminescent ATP assay can be used to monitor total microbial populations on fresh-cut melon after preparation and during storage for quality control purposes to establish specific sell-by or consume-by dates. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 W Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2427 EP 2432 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 981NV UT WOS:000233096200024 PM 16300083 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Cosby, DE AF Bailey, JS Cosby, DE TI Salmonella prevalence in free-range and certified organic chickens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB Many consumers assume that broiler chickens grown under traditional commercial conditions will have more Salmonella than free-range or organic chickens, which usually are less crowded, have access to outside spaces during grow out, and are fed special diets. Despite these perceptions, there is a lack of published information about the microbiological status of free-range and organic chickens. A total of 135 processed free-range chickens from four different commercial free-range chicken producers were sampled in 14 different lots for the presence of Salmonella. Overall, 9 (64%) of 14 lots and 42 (31%) of 135 of the carcasses were positive for Salmonella. No Salmonella were detected in 5 of the 14 lots, and in one lot 100% of the chickens were positive for Salmonella. An additional 53 all-natural (no meat or poultry meal or antibiotics in the feed) processed chickens from eight lots were tested; 25% of the individual chickens from 37% of these lots tested positive for Salmonella. Three lots of chickens from a single organic free-range producer were tested, and all three of the lots and 60% of the individual chickens were positive for Salmonella. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service reported that commercial chickens processed from 2000 to 2003 had a Salmonella prevalence rate of 9.1 to 12.8%. Consumers should not assume that free-range or organic conditions will have anything to do with the Salmonella status of the chicken. C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bailey, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2451 EP 2453 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 981NV UT WOS:000233096200029 PM 16300088 ER PT J AU Annous, BA Solomon, EB Cooke, PH Burke, A AF Annous, BA Solomon, EB Cooke, PH Burke, A TI Biofilm formation by Salmonella spp. on cantaloupe melons SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MUSKMELON FRUIT; SURFACE; ENTERICA; TISSUES; PHYLLOSPHERE; ATTACHMENT; MICROSCOPY; CELLULOSE; EFFICACY AB The ability of two strains of Salmonella to form biofilms on whole cantaloupe melons was investigated. Ten microliters of bacterial suspensions was spot-inoculated onto cantaloupe melon rinds in pre-marked areas, and the cantaloupe melons were held at either 10 or 20C. Biofilm formation was monitored using scanning electron microscopy on excised portions of the cantaloupe melon rind at 2, 24, 48, 72 and 144 h postinoculation. Micrographs indicated that biofilm formation occurred rapidly following introduction of cells (2 h at 20C) onto the cantaloupe melon rind. A fibrillar material was visible after just 2 h at 20C, and cells were embedded in extracellular polymeric material after 24 h at either temperature. These results indicate that a human pathogen is capable of forming a biofilm on plant tissue and that biofilm formation may be responsible for the increased recalcitrance of bacteria to aqueous sanitizers. C1 ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Annous, BA (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bannous@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2005.00024.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 973QB UT WOS:000232536600005 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Kim, SY Lee, SJ Han, GP Han, JS Lee, KR Kozukue, N AF Friedman, M Kim, SY Lee, SJ Han, GP Han, JS Lee, KR Kozukue, N TI Distribution of catechins, theaflavins, caffeine, and theobromine in 77 teas consumed in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HPLC; catechins; theaflavins; caffeine; theobromine; teas; Camelia sinensis ID BLACK TEA; GREEN TEA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PURINE ALKALOIDS; POLYPHENOLS; ANTIOXIDANT; STABILITY; EXTRACT AB To help define the composition of commercial teas consumed in the United States, we have developed and validated an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to analyze levels of catechins, theaflavins, and alkaloids in 77 commercial black, green, specialty (brown rice, white, oolong), and herbal teas extracted with hot water to simulate home use. The following 13 compounds were separated in a single analysis on an Inertsil ODS-3v column with acetonitrile/potassium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase: (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, (-)-catechin-3-gallate, theaflavin, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate, caffeine, and theobromine. The data show that (1) extraction time from 3 min to 20 min did not significantly affect measured levels of tea compounds and (2) there was a wide variation in the composition of the tea compounds both within each tea category and among categories: black teas contained both theaflavins and catechins, green and white teas contained catechins and trace amounts of theaflavins, herbal teas contained very low amounts of all tea compounds. A statistical profile of the distribution of catechins, theaflavins, caffeine, and theobromine in the evaluated teas offers consumers a choice of teas containing high levels of health-promoting compounds. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Yeungnam Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Gyongsan, South Korea. Uiduck Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyongbuk, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov NR 35 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 47 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 70 IS 9 BP C550 EP C559 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 995MT UT WOS:000234105100009 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O Kueneman, D Ukuku, D Bett-Garber, KL AF Lamikanra, O Kueneman, D Ukuku, D Bett-Garber, KL TI Effect of processing under ultraviolet light on the shelf life of fresh-cut cantaloupe melon SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE UV-light; minimal processing; postharvest; fruit; Cucumis melo L ID JASMONIC ACID ACTIVATE; BASIC-PROTEIN KINASE; UV-C IRRADIATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL TREATMENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TOMATO LEAVES; ABSCISIC-ACID; STORAGE; PLANTS; FRUIT AB The effect of processing cantaloupe melon under ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation on storage properties of the cut fruit at 10 degrees C was compared with post-cut UV-C fruit treatment and the untreated control. Cutting fruit under UV-C light induced a hypersensitive defense response that resulted in increased accumulation of ascorbate peroxidase relative to the other 2 treatments. Fruit processed under UV-C radiation had the lowest esterase activity throughout the storage period. Lipase activity was higher in post-cut treated fruit than fruit processed under UV-C light and the control fruit. Lipase activity, however, decreased rapidly in fruit processed under UV-C and was undetectable after 7 d of storage. Human sensory aroma evaluation indicates reduced rancidity, and instrumental texture measurements suggested improved firmness retention in fruit cut under UV-C radiation. The treatment also reduced respiration during cut fruit storage. UV-C was effective in reducing yeast, mold, and Pseudomonas spp populations in both treatments. Fresh-cut pieces from whole melon cut under UV light had lower populations of aerobic mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria relative to the control and post-cut treated pieces. Results indicate that while post-cut application of UV improved shelf life of cut cantaloupe melon, cutting fruit under UV-C radiation further improves product quality. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. C&S Equipment Co LLC, Caldwell, ID USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sola@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 70 IS 9 BP C534 EP C539 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 995MT UT WOS:000234105100006 ER PT J AU Coronel, P Van-Den Truong Simunovic, J Sandeep, KP Cartwright, GD AF Coronel, P Van-Den Truong Simunovic, J Sandeep, KP Cartwright, GD TI Aseptic processing of sweetpotato purees using a continuous flow microwave system SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sweetpotato; aseptic processing; continuous-flow-microwave ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; VEGETABLES; FRUITS AB Sweetpotato purees (SPP) were aseptically processed using a continuous flow microwave system to obtain a shelf-stable product. The dielectric properties of SPP were measured, and the dielectric constant and loss factor were within the range of the published values for fruits and vegetables. Small-scale tests were conducted in a 5-kW microwave unit to determine changes in color and viscosity with different thermal treatments. The results of these tests showed that color values (L*, a*) and viscosity did not change significantly compared with the untreated control. Pilot-scale tests were then conducted in a 60-kW microwave unit where the product was heated to 135 degrees C and held at that temperature for 30 s. The pilot-scale test produced a shelf-stable product with no detectable microbial count during a 90-d storage period at room temperature. This is the 1st report of aseptically packaged vegetable puree processed by a continuous flow microwave heating system. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Van-Den Truong (reprint author), USDA ARS, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM vtruong@unity.ncsu.edu NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 70 IS 9 BP E531 EP E536 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 995MT UT WOS:000234105100020 ER PT J AU Li, H Gailbreath, K Flach, EJ Taus, NS Cooley, J Keller, J Russell, GC Knowles, DP Haig, DM Oaks, JL Traul, DL Crawford, TB AF Li, H Gailbreath, K Flach, EJ Taus, NS Cooley, J Keller, J Russell, GC Knowles, DP Haig, DM Oaks, JL Traul, DL Crawford, TB TI A novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT-CATARRHAL-FEVER; DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS GROUP; SIKA-DEER; HERPESVIRUS; ANTIBODY; AGENT AB In the course of investigating the malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) subgroup of rhadinoviruses, seven novel rhadinoviruses were identified in a variety of ruminants, including domestic sheep, bighorn sheep, bison, black-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk and addax. Based on the DNA polymerase gene sequences, these newly recognized viruses clustered into a second distinct subgroup in ruminants with three members identified previously in cattle, goats and oryx. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the currently known ruminant rhadinoviruses appear to comprise three distinct genetic lineages: (i) the MCF subgroup, defined by sequence identity and the presence of the 15A antigenic epitope; (ii) a second distinct subgroup, devoid of the 15A epitope, which contains the previously reported bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus and related viruses; and (iii) a third distinct subgroup represented by Bovine herpesvirus 4. Comparison of phylogenetic trees between the rhadinoviruses and their corresponding hosts further supports the gammaherpesvirus and host co-evolution theory. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Zool Soc London, Bedford LU6 2LF, England. N Carolina Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Moredun Res Inst, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Haig, David/G-3775-2011; OI Russell, George/0000-0002-1951-3215 NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 86 BP 3021 EP 3026 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81238-0 PN 11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 978UB UT WOS:000232897400011 PM 16227223 ER PT J AU Aldrich, PR Glaubitz, JC Parker, GR Rhodes, OE Michler, CH AF Aldrich, PR Glaubitz, JC Parker, GR Rhodes, OE Michler, CH TI Genetic structure inside a declining red oak community in old-growth forest SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN WHITE-PINE; 2-GENERATION ANALYSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; QUERCUS-PETRAEA; POLLEN FLOW; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ACER-SACCHARUM; DIVERSITY; LANDSCAPE; FAGACEAE AB Problems with oak regeneration have been documented in the last 50 years at numerous sites in the Midwestern United States. We applied nuclear microsatellites to examine the demographic and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of red oaks in two old-growth stands in Indiana. Oaks in one stand have declined in numbers over the past several decades whereas oaks in the other, smaller stand have increased. Large amounts of genetic variation were maintained within stands, and there was slight but significant differentiation among stands. There was significant but weak isolation by distance genetic structure within the large stand, likely reflecting family structure. No significant differences exist in allele frequencies or in levels of genetic diversity between cohorts that remain well represented within each stand, even between medium-sized adults and those antedating European settlement of the area. However, a virtual absence of smaller size classes in the forest interior of the large stand represents the early stages of a genetic bottleneck in what had been the core habitat of this stand. Whether future generations of this old-growth stand will retain the present genetic character depends on the oaks regenerating at the forest margins, absent any major changes in disturbance regimes. Similar demographic and genetic dynamics are likely occurring in a large number of remnant oak forests across the Midwest. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, N Cent Res Stn,Forest Serv,US Dept Agr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Aldrich, PR (reprint author), Benedictine Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Birck Hall 341,5700 Coll Rd, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. EM paldrich@ben.edu NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 96 IS 6 BP 627 EP 634 DI 10.1093/jhered/esi115 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 985YM UT WOS:000233414800001 PM 16251518 ER PT J AU Abdurakhmonov, IY Abdullaev, AA Saha, S Buriev, ZT Arslanov, D Kuryazov, Z Mavlonov, GT Rizaeva, SM Reddy, UK Jenkins, JN Abdullaev, A Abdukarimov, A AF Abdurakhmonov, IY Abdullaev, AA Saha, S Buriev, ZT Arslanov, D Kuryazov, Z Mavlonov, GT Rizaeva, SM Reddy, UK Jenkins, JN Abdullaev, A Abdukarimov, A TI Simple sequence repeat marker associated with a natural leaf defoliation trait in tetraploid cotton SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE L.; FLOWER ABSCISSION; FIBER QUALITY; LINKAGE; GENE; MAP; POLYGALACTURONASES; POPULATION; EXPRESSION; MUTANT AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf defoliation has a significant ecological and economical impact on cotton production. Thus the utilization of a natural leaf defoliation trait, which exists in wild diploid cotton species, in the development of tetraploid cultivated cotton will not only be cost effective, but will also facilitate production of very high-grade fiber. The primary goal of our research was to tag loci associated with natural leaf defoliation using microsatellite markers in Upland cotton. The F(2) populations developed from reciprocal crosses between the two parental cotton lines-AN-Boyovut-2 (2n = 52), a late leaf defoliating type, and Listopad Beliy (2n = 52), a naturally early leaf defoliating type-demonstrated that the naturally early leaf defoliation trait has heritability values of 0.74 and 0.84 in the reciprocal F(2) population. The observed phenotypic segregation difference in reciprocal crosses suggested a minor cytoplasmic effect in the phenotypic expression of the naturally early leaf defoliation trait. Results from the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) nonparametric test revealed that JESPR-13 (KW = 6.17), JESPR-153 (KW = 9.97), and JESPR-178 (KW = 13.45) Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are significantly associated with natural leaf defoliation in the mapping population having stable estimates at empirically obtained critical thresholds (P < .05-.0001). JESPR-178 revealed the highest estimates (P < .0001) for association with the natural leaf defoliation trait, exceeding maximum empirical threshold values. JESPR-178 was assigned to the short arm of chromosome 18, suggesting indirectly that genes associated with natural leaf defoliation might be located on this chromosome. This microsatellite marker may have the potential for use to introgress the naturally early leaf defoliation quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the donor line Listopad Beliy to commercial varieties of cotton through marker-assisted selection programs. C1 Acad Sci Uzbek, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Lab Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Tashkent Dist, Uzbekistan. ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. W Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Institute, WV 25112 USA. RP Abdurakhmonov, IY (reprint author), Acad Sci Uzbek, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Lab Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Tashkent Dist, Uzbekistan. EM ibrokhim_a@yahoo.com RI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/F-5588-2015 OI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/0000-0001-9563-0686 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 96 IS 6 BP 644 EP 653 DI 10.1093/jhered/esi097 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 985YM UT WOS:000233414800003 PM 16159909 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Vander Wal, LJ Franckowiak, JD AF Dahleen, LS Vander Wal, LJ Franckowiak, JD TI Characterization and molecular mapping of genes determining semidwarfism in barley SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID TRAITS AB The semidwarf trait is desired in cereal breeding programs for increased lodging resistance. We characterized 27 brachytic (brh) semidwarf mutants in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and located the genes on barley chromosome linkage maps. All brachytic genes were transferred into the two-rowed cultivar Bowman by backcrossing four to seven times and selecting for semidwarf plants. The brachytic lines were evaluated for 10 phenotypic traits: plant height, awn, peduncle, and rachis internode length, leaf length and width, lodging, grain yield, number of kernels per spike, and kernel weight. We intercrossed the lines to determine which mutants were at independent loci and which were alleles at the same locus. F-2 populations from 18 brh semidwarfs were constructed for genetic mapping using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The brachytic semidwarf near-isogenic lines were significantly shorter than their normal counterparts and most had lower yields (16/27); shorter awns (26/27), peduncles (26/27), and rachis internodes (24/27); and reduced kernel weight (22/27). Twelve of the lines had shorter penultimate leaves and 15 had reduced lodging. Four lines had increased kernels per spike, while one had fewer kernels per spike. Allelism tests and mapping comparisons indicated that the 27 semidwarfs comprise 18 independent genetic loci. SSR mapping placed these loci in five of the seven barley chromosomes. Knowledge of the effects and locations of these brachytic semidwarf genes will help barley breeders select appropriate lines for barley improvement. C1 ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 5677,SU Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM dahleenl@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 96 IS 6 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1093/jhered/esi125 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 985YM UT WOS:000233414800004 PM 16251510 ER PT J AU Curry, EA AF Curry, EA TI Ultrastructure of epicuticular wax aggregates during fruit development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS LEAF CUTICLES; CALCIUM-UPTAKE; FINE-STRUCTURE; HEAT-TREATMENT; WATER-VAPOR; SURFACE; CULTIVARS; STORAGE; PERMEABILITY; ENVIRONMENT AB Development of wax platelets on the surface of 'Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple fruit was investigated throughout the growing season using field emission scanning electron microscopy. At 5,000 X and greater, wax crystalline structures appeared to be composed of microtubules (MT), aggregates of individual MT to form single platelets, and of one or more platelets. The thickness of a single wax platelet ranged from 116-128 nm, approximately the diameter of a single MT; whereas multiple-platelet aggregates ranged in thickness from 307-428 nm. Individual platelets, multiple platelet aggregates and MT were visible throughout fruit development, as well as on different apple cultivars. Examination of the cuticle from young fruitlets (receptacle diameter = 3 mm) of 'Chinese Crabapple' (M. hupehensis Rehd.), which develops without trichomes, best demonstrated early platelet formation. A model for wax platelet and cuticle development on apple is proposed based on these data. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Curry, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM Curry@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 80 IS 6 BP 668 EP 676 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989WA UT WOS:000233703500004 ER PT J AU Bi, G Scagel, CF Cheng, L Fuchigami, LH AF Bi, G Scagel, CF Cheng, L Fuchigami, LH TI Effects of copper, zinc and urea on defoliation and nitrogen reserves in nursery plants of almond SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL DEFOLIATION; APPLE-TREES; STOCK; MOBILIZATION; GROWTH; LEAVES; AUTUMN; CUEDTA AB 'Nonpareil'/'Nemaguard' and 'Nonpareil'/'Lovell' almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb) nursery trees were used to study the effects of foliar applications of CuEDTA (Cu), ZnSO4 (Zn) and urea on defoliation and nitrogen (N) reserves. Foliar application of Cu and Zn induced early defoliation, with one spray as effective as two. Trees receiving Cu were defoliated 20-30 d before controls and defoliation on trees sprayed with Zn occurred 10-14 d before controls. Urea increased the efficiency of defoliation by Zn (1.25-2% ZnSO4) and Cu (0.5% CuEDTA). Trees receiving defoliants contained 4-26% less N than naturally defoliated controls, and N reserves were higher in trees given urea than in controls. Trees sprayed with urea plus defoliants contained up to 20% more N than controls. Both CuEDTA and ZnSO4 promoted early defoliation in almond trees, while the addition of urea can assist in maintaining tree N reserves. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bi, G (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM big@science.oregonstate.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 80 IS 6 BP 746 EP 750 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989WA UT WOS:000233703500017 ER PT J AU Walter, MT McCool, DK AF Walter, MT McCool, DK TI Closure to "Simple snowdrift model for distributed hydrological modeling" by M. Todd Walter, Donald K. McCool, Larry G. King, Myron Moinau, and Gaylon S. Campbell SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SNOW C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Biosyst Engn Dept, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Walter, MT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mtw5@cornell.edu; dkmccool@wsu.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 10 IS 6 BP 524 EP 525 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:4(280) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 976TU UT WOS:000232757100014 ER PT J AU Li, JF Qi, R Qu, LH Mattoo, AK Li, N AF Li, JF Qi, R Qu, LH Mattoo, AK Li, N TI Cleavage of the carboxyl-terminus of LEACS2, a tomato 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase isomer, by a 64-kDa tomato metalloprotease produces a truncated but active enzyme SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase; cleavage sites; metalloprotease; proteolytic processing ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ACC SYNTHASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ELICITOR ACTION; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEIN; FRUIT; PLANTS; CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATION AB 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) is the principal enzyme in phytohormone ethylene biosynthesis. Previous studies have shown that the hypervariable C-terminus of ACS is proteolytically processed in vivo. However, the protease responsible for this has not yet been identified. In the present study, we investigated the processing of the 55-kDa full-length tomato ACS (LeACS2) into 52-, 50- and 49-kDa truncated isoforms in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Cooperation 903) fruit using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-boiling method. Meanwhile, an LeACS2-processing protease was purified via multi-step column chromatography from tomato fruit. Subsequent biochemical analysis of the 64-kDa purified protease revealed that it is a metalloprotease active at multiple cleavage sites within the hypervariable C-terminus of LeACS2. N-terminal sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight analysis indicated that the LeACS2-processing metalloprotease cleaves at the C-terminal sites Lys(438), Glu(447), Lys(448), Asn(456), Ser(460), Ser(462), Lys(463), and Leu(474), but does not cleave the N-terminus of LeACS2. Four C-terminus-deleted (26-50 amino acids) LeACS2 fusion proteins were overproduced and subjected to proteolysis by this metalloprotease to identify the multiple cleavage sites located on the N-terminal side of the phosphorylation site Ser(460). The results indisputably confirmed the presence of cleavage sites within the region between the alpha-helix domain (H14) and Ser(460) for this metalloprotease. Furthermore, the resulting C-terminally truncated LeACS2 isoforms were active enzymatically. Because this protease could produce LeACS2 isoforms in vitro similar to those detected in vivo, it is proposed that this metalloprotease may be involved in the proteolysis of LeACS2 in vivo. C1 Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Zhongshan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Gene Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biochem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, N (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM boningli@ust.hk RI Li, Jian-Feng/H-4307-2011; Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1352 EP 1363 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00162.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 980LD UT WOS:000233019100008 ER PT J AU Wraight, SP Ramos, ME AF Wraight, SP Ramos, ME TI Synergistic interaction between Beauveria bassiana- and Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis-based biopesticides applied against field populations of Colorado potato beetle larvae SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis; Beauveria bassiana; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Colorado potato beetle; biopesticides; interaction; synergism ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; PERILLUS-BIOCULATUS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES; EFFICACY; LEPIDOPTERA; TEMPERATURE AB Commercial biopesticides based on the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana strain GHA and the bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis were applied alone and in combination (tank mixed) against larval populations of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, in small plots of potatoes over three field seasons. Interactions between the two products were evaluated in terms of pest-control efficacy. B. bassiana (formulated as Mycotrol) was applied at low and medium label rates of 1.25 and 2.5 x 10(13) conidia/ha, and R thuringienis (formulated as Novodor) was applied at low and high label rates of 40.3 and 120.8 x 10(6) Leptinotarsa units/ha. Two weekly applications of the bacterial pesticide alone provided 50-85% control of beetle larvae within 14 days after the initial application, while applications of the mycopesticide alone produced no greater than 25% control. Maximum control, in nearly all tests, was produced by the combination of the two products. The combined treatments produced a statistically significant 6-35% greater reduction in larval populations than would have been predicted had the two biopesticides acted independently. This low-level synergistic interaction was observed during all field seasons and resulted from combinations at all rates, including, in one of two tests, the low rates of each product. These results indicate that B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana have strong potential for integrated biologically based management of Colorado potato beetle. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wraight, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM spw4@cornell.edu NR 51 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 90 IS 3 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.09.005 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 992XI UT WOS:000233916900001 PM 16307755 ER PT J AU Salazar, R Stone, J Yakowitz, D Slack, D AF Salazar, R Stone, J Yakowitz, D Slack, D TI Multicriteria analysis in an irrigation district in Mexico SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LAND AB The Alto Rio Lerma Irrigation District, located in the state of Guanajuato in Mexico, is in agricultural area whose sustainability depends partially upon groundwater withdrawal for crop irrigation. Because of high pumping demands and current land-management practices, groundwater levels have declined severely, resulting in aquifer overdraft. In order to analyze economic, environmental, and water use problems in this region, 12 potential cropping patterns were generated for different groundwater withdrawals using linear programming. Then, simulation of the agricultural system was performed using GLEAMS to estimate the amounts of water, nitrate, and pesticides in both runoff and percolation for each cropping pattern. Pumping costs and an aquifer exploitation coefficient account for the economic and environmental impacts of aquifer overdraft. Finally. the Range of Value Method (multicriteria method) was applied to rank and identify the best cropping pattern. The results show the best alternative for effectively balancing environmental with economic considerations was the farming practice. consisting of land leveling. growing vegetables such as red tomato, and controlled groundwater withdrawals to preserve aquifer sustainability. C1 Univ Autonoma Chapingo, PUIMECI, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Salazar, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Chapingo, PUIMECI, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 514 EP 524 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2005)131:6(514) PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 986UY UT WOS:000233476400003 ER PT J AU Cinti, S Mitchell, G Barbatelli, G Murano, I Ceresi, E Faloia, E Wang, SP Fortier, M Greenberg, AS Obin, MS AF Cinti, S Mitchell, G Barbatelli, G Murano, I Ceresi, E Faloia, E Wang, SP Fortier, M Greenberg, AS Obin, MS TI Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE obesity; inflammation; apoptosis; necrosis; adipocyte hypertrophy; multinucleate giant cells; insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MULTINUCLEATED GIANT-CELLS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FACTOR-ALPHA; WEIGHT-LOSS; EXPRESSION; CHEMOATTRACTANT; DIFFERENTIATION; INFLAMMATION; GALECTIN-3 AB Macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) is implicated in the metabolic complications of obesity. The precipitating event(s) and function( s) of macrophage infiltration into WAT are unknown. We demonstrate that > 90% of all macrophages in WAT of obese mice and humans are localized to dead adipocytes, where they fuse to form syncytia that sequester and scavenge the residual "free" adipocyte lipid droplet and ultimately form multinucleate giant cells, a hallmark of chronic inflammation. Adipocyte death increases in obese (db/db) mice (30-fold) and humans and exhibits ultrastructural features of necrosis (but not apoptosis). These observations identify necrotic-like adipocyte death as a pathologic hallmark of obesity and suggest that scavenging of adipocyte debris is an important function of WAT macrophages in obese individuals. The frequency of adipocyte death is positively correlated with increased adipocyte size in obese mice and humans and in hormone-sensitive lipase-deficient (HSL-/-) mice, a model of adipocyte hypertrophy without increased adipose mass. WAT of HSL-/- mice exhibited a 15-fold increase in necrotic-like adipocyte death and formation of macrophage syncytia, coincident with increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression. These results provide a novel framework for understanding macrophage recruitment, function, and persistence in WAT of obese individuals. C1 Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Meyer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hosp Ste Justine, Res Ctr, Div Med Genet, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Ancona, Inst Normal Human Morphol, Ancona, Italy. Univ Ancona, Endocrinol Unit, Ancona, Italy. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Meyer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu RI Ceresi, Enzo/D-9407-2016 OI Ceresi, Enzo/0000-0002-1805-5814 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-024635]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-50647, P30 DK-34928] NR 56 TC 955 Z9 986 U1 9 U2 72 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2347 EP 2355 DI 10.1194/jlr.M500294-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 973WK UT WOS:000232553100005 PM 16150820 ER PT J AU Vargas, RL Fallone, E Felgar, RE Andersen, AA Rothberg, PG AF Vargas, RL Fallone, E Felgar, RE Andersen, AA Rothberg, PG TI Analysis of ocular adnexal lymphomas for association with Chlamydia psittaci infection: University of Rochester experience. SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 11-13, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. USDA, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 BP 667 EP 668 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 978LA UT WOS:000232873500096 ER PT J AU Bergen, WG Mersmann, HJ AF Bergen, WG Mersmann, HJ TI Comparative aspects of lipid metabolism: Impact on contemporary research and use of animal models SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lipogenesis; lipolysis; lipoproteins; species comparisons; transcription factors ID FATTY-ACID REGULATION; SWINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; LIVER; LIPOGENESIS; GLUCOSE AB The emerging obesity crisis and consequent concerns for corrective measures and appropriate public policy have stimulated research into causes, prevention, remediation, and health consequences of obesity and associated maladies. Such research areas include eating behavior, appetite control, and food intake regulation as well as the regulation of lipid metabolism, cardiovascular function, endocrine function, and dyslipidernia states utilizing various animal models and cell culture systems. Although the liver has a central role in lipid/fatty acid synthesis and glucose is the precursor for de novo fatty acid synthesis in rodents and humans, in many other species, adipose tissues are the primary sites of lipogenesis. In addition, many species utilize acetic acid as a precursor for fatty acid synthesis. This fundamental difference in the site of fatty acid synthesis and the pattern of consequent lipid trafficking influences overall animal lipid metabolism and the role of regulatory hormones and transcription factors. Researchers utilizing various animal species in targeted biomedical research should be aware of these species differences when interpreting their data. In addition, many animal species are used for food production, recreational, and companion purposes. Understanding the lipid metabolism regulatory mechanisms of such species from a comparative perspective is important for the proper nutrition and health of these animals. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Program Cellular & Mol Biosci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bergen, WG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Program Cellular & Mol Biosci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bergewg@auburn.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 48 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 135 IS 11 BP 2499 EP 2502 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 983VK UT WOS:000233260000001 PM 16251600 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Leary, PD Gregoire, BR Finley, JW Lindlauf, JE Johnson, LK AF Reeves, PG Leary, PD Gregoire, BR Finley, JW Lindlauf, JE Johnson, LK TI Selenium bioavailability from buckwheat bran in rats fed a modified AlN-93G torula yeast-based diet SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AlN-93G diet; buckwheat bran; rats; selenium bioavailability; torula yeast ID AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DEFICIENT RATS; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; TISSUE SELENIUM; SODIUM SELENITE; SELENOMETHIONINE; LIVER; SUPPLEMENTS AB Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. The Se RDA for adult humans is 55 mu g/d; however, dietary amounts as high as 200 mu g/d in the highly available form of selenomethionine in yeast were shown to reduce the incidence of certain cancers. A number of natural foods contain relatively high amounts of Se; for the most part, however, the availability of food Se for absorption and utilization is unknown. This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Se from a high-protein, high-fiber bran-isolate of buckwheat groats that contains Se. The method used was based on the ability of Se from buckwheat bran to restore Se-dependent enzyme activities and tissue Se concentrations in Se-cleficient rats. The responses produced from buckwheat bran Se were compared with a standard response curve generated by feeding graded amounts of Se as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3; Na selenite) or selenomethionine (SeMet) in a newly reformulated AIN-93G-Torula yeast diet with a more balanced nutrient composition than older diets of this nature. Relative bioavailability was determined by using the slope-ratio assay method for enzyme data, or the parallel lines assay method for tissue Se concentration data. Results showed that Se availability from buckwheat bran based on the restoration of plasma Se was 70-80% as high as Na selenite or SeMet. However, when based on the restoration of muscle Se, buckwheat bran was 90% as high as Na selenite, but only 60% as high as SeMet. When using the ability of dietary Se to restore whole blood and liver glutathione peroxidase activity, buckwheat bran Se was 75-80% as high as Na selenite or SeMet. However, for the restoration of liver thioredoxin reductase, buckwheat bran Se was only 40% as high as Na selenite and 70% as high as SeMet. The relative bioavailability of Se from buckwheat bran with all variables considered was similar to 73% whether measured against Na selenite or SeMet. Although some variables indicated low bioavailability of Se from buckwheat bran, other factors such as Se speciation in the bran, digestibility of the bran, the cooking process, and combinations with other foods in the diet should be considered and analyzed before firm conclusions can be reached. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM preeves@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 135 IS 11 BP 2627 EP 2633 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 983VK UT WOS:000233260000023 PM 16251622 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT Johnson, LAK Lukaski, HC AF Johnson, WT Johnson, LAK Lukaski, HC TI Serum superoxide dismutase 3 (extracellular superoxide dismutase) activity is a sensitive indicator of Cu status in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE superoxide dismutase 3; serum; copper status; copper indices; rats ID HEPARIN-BINDING DOMAIN; COPPER DEFICIENCY; OXIDASE ACTIVITY; DIETARY COPPER; ZINC; EXPRESSION; NUTRITION; DEFENSE; TISSUES; PLASMA AB Sensitivity of the assay for Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), the predominant form of SOD in serum, can be increased, and interferences caused by low-molecular-weight substances in the serum can be reduced by conducting the assay at pH 10 with xanthine/xanthine oxidase and acetylated cytochrome c (cyt c) as superoxide generator and detector, respectively. Serum SOD3 activity was assayed under these conditions in an experiment where weanling, male rats were fed diets for 6 weeks containing 3, 5 and 15 mg Zn/kg with dietary Cu set at 0.3, 1.5 and 5 mg Cu/kg at each level of dietary Zn. Serum SOD3 responded to changes in dietary Cu but not to changes in dietary Zn. A second experiment compared serum SOD3 activity to traditional indices of Cu status in weanling, male and female rats after they were fed diets containing, nominally, 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 6 mg Cu/kg for 6 weeks. Serum SOD3 activity was significantly lower (P<.05) in male rats fed diets containing 0 and 1 mg Cu/kg and female rats fed diet containing 0 mg Cu/kg compared with rats fed diet containing 6 mg Cu/kg. These changes were similar to changes in liver Cu concentrations, liver cyt c oxidase (CCO) activity and plasma ceruloplasmin in males and females. Serum SOD3 activity was also strongly, positively correlated with liver Cu concentrations over the entire range of dietary Cu concentrations (R-2=.942 in males, R-2=.884 in females, P<.0001). Plots of serum SOD3 activity, liver Cu concentration, liver CCO activity and ceruloplasmin as functions of kidney Cu concentration all had two linear segments that intersected at similar kidney Cu concentrations (18-22 mu g/g dry kidney in males, 15-17 mu g/g dry kidney in females). These findings indicate that serum SOD3 activity is a sensitive index of Cu status. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Johnson, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM tjohnson@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 682 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.03.009 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 984LN UT WOS:000233306500006 PM 16081273 ER PT J AU Ali, AA Velasquez, MT Hansen, CT Mohamed, AI Bhathena, SJ AF Ali, AA Velasquez, MT Hansen, CT Mohamed, AI Bhathena, SJ TI Modulation of carbohydrate metabolism and peptide hormones by soybean isoflavones and probiotics in obesity and diabetes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metabolism; soybean; isoflavone; probiotics; peptide hormones; obesity; diabetes ID POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; DIETARY SOY PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; URIC-ACID CONCENTRATION; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ANIMAL-MODEL; SERUM-LIPIDS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PURIFIED DIETS AB Soybean and its isoflavones have been shown to have beneficial effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and on renal function. Probiotics may potentiate the beneficial effects of isoflavones by converting the inactive isoflavone glycoside to aglycones, which are biologically active, thereby producing a synergistic effect. We therefore studied the effects of soybean isoflavones in the presence and absence of probiotics on glucose and triglyceride metabolism and the peptide hormones involved in their metabolism. Lean and obese SHR/N-cp rats were fed AIN-93 diets containing 0.1% soybean isoflavone mixture, 0.1% probiotics mixture or both. Plasma was analyzed for glucose, triglycerides, parameters of renal function and peptide hormones-insulin, leptin, glucagon and ACTH-that are involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Isoflavones given alone lowered plasma glucose in both phenotypes while triglyceride was decreased only in lean animals. Isoflavones also lowered aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase in both phenotypes. Isoflavones had significant effect on plasma insulin, leptin and glucagon in lean rats but not in obese rats. Thus, our data show that in lean animals, isoflavones have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect, and the effect is mediated by changes in peptide hormones. When lipid levels are very high as in obese rats, isoflavones fail to lower plasma triglyceride levels. Probiotics do not appear to enhance the effect of isoflavones. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NIH, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. RP Bhathena, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhathens@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.03.011 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 984LN UT WOS:000233306500007 PM 16081264 ER PT J AU Sabanadzovic, S Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic, N Rowhani, A Grant, JA Uyemoto, JK AF Sabanadzovic, S Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic, N Rowhani, A Grant, JA Uyemoto, JK TI Detection of Cherry virus A, cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus and Little cherry virus 1 in California orchards SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cherry; virus; dsRNA; RT-PCR; Closteroviridae; Flexiviridae ID RING-MOTTLE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CDNA CLONING; RT-PCR; CLOSTEROVIRUS; ETIOLOGY; DISEASE AB Leaves were collected during 2003 from trees displaying symptoms of vein necrosis, necrotic rusty mottle, necrotic leaf or marked fruit in surveys of sweet cherry [Prunus avium (L.) L. cv Bing] orchards in California. Samples were also taken from trees with leaf necrotic lesion (P serrulata Lindl. cv Kwanzan) and leaf chlorotic spots (R avium x R pseudocerasus cv Colt) from virus disease indexing blocks of Prunus. All of the diseased, but none of the healthy, collections yielded high molecular weight double stranded RNA bands following tissue extraction, purification and electrophoreses in acrylamide gel. Positive amplification in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with two sets of degenerate primers, was used to detect viruses in the families Flexiviridae and Closteroviridae. Sequence analyses of the RT-PCR products identified Cherry virus A (CVA), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGR-MV), Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) and Plum bark necrosis and stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV). This is the first report of the occurrence of the viruses CVA, CNRMV and LChV-1 in California. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif, Cooperat Extens, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. RP Uyemoto, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jkuyemoto@ucdavis.edu OI Sabanadzovic, Sead/0000-0002-2995-2633 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 87 IS 3 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 994UV UT WOS:000234057600003 ER PT J AU De Stradis, A Redinbaugh, MG Abt, JJ Martelli, GP AF De Stradis, A Redinbaugh, MG Abt, JJ Martelli, GP TI Ultrastructure of maize necrotic streak virus infections SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mais; cytopathology; immunolabelling; ultrastructure; tombusvirus ID FAMILY TOMBUSVIRIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; ORIGIN; BODIES AB Maize necrotic streak virus (MNeSV) has 32 nm isometric particles that encapsidate a single stranded RNA genome ca. 4.3 kb in size, and is a tentative member of the genus Tombusvirus. Since tombusviruses elicit the formation of cytopathological structures known as "multivesicular bodies" that assist in their classification at the genus level, the cytology of thin-sectioned maize leaf tissues 7, 15, and 45 days after inoculation was investigated. The prominent cytopathological features were: (i) an extensive accumulation of virus particles scattered throughout the cytoplasm or in crystalline arrays in the cytoplasm or, occasionally, in intercellular spaces; (ii) extensive plasmolysis and the appearance of small patches of amorphous, dark-staining material in the cytoplasm; (iii) the proliferation of membranes and the presence of empty double membrane-bound vesicular structures of various sizes. No apparent connection between these membranous elements and the nuclear envelope was detected, even when large clusters of vesicles were adpressed to the nuclei. Some of the largest double-membrane bound structures had rows of small vesicles located inside peripheral dilations of the bounding membrane. Although most of these structures appeared to originate from disintegrating mitochondria, they bore little resemblance to genuine multivesicular bodies like those arising from the modified mitochondria that follow infection by certain members of the family Tombusviridae, i.e. Carnation Italian ringspot virus, Pelargonium necrotic spot virus (PNSV), Galinsoga mosaic virus (GaMV), and Turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Immunogold labelling using antibodies to virus particles was detected over cytoplasm associated with virus particles and patches of electron-dense amorphous material, suggesting that this material consists of virus coat protein. C1 Univ Bari, Dipartimento Protez Piante & Microbiol Applicata, I-70126 Bari, Italy. CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS Corn & Soybean Res, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Martelli, GP (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dipartimento Protez Piante & Microbiol Applicata, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM martelli@agr.uniba.it RI DE STRADIS, ANGELO/B-2969-2013; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013; OI ANGELO, DE STRADIS/0000-0003-1624-2365 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 87 IS 3 BP 213 EP 221 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 994UV UT WOS:000234057600008 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC Mornet, R AF Suttle, JC Mornet, R TI Mechanism-based irreversible inhibitors of cytokinin dehydrogenase SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokinins; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase; metabolism ID N-GLUCOSYLATION; ABSCISIC-ACID; ZEA-MAYS; OXIDASE; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; RADISH; MAIZE; ASSAY AB The effects of three N-6-substituted aminopurine derivatives containing either allenic or acetylenic side-chains on in vitro and in vivo cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX; EC 1.5.99.12) activities were determined. At concentrations <= 100 mu M, the acetylenic derivative (HA-2) had no effect on in vitro CKX activity. In contrast, the two allenic derivatives (HA-1, HA-8) inhibited in vitro CKX activity in a dose-dependent manner with 50% inhibition occurring at HA-1 and HA-8 concentrations of 9.0 and 0.4 mu M (respectively). HA-8 inhibited the degradation of both the free bases and ribosides of N-6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine and zeatin. Pretreatment with HA-8 inhibited CKX activity in both a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In contrast to the reversible phenylurea inhibitor N-(chtoro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea, inhibition of CKX activity by HA-8 was not relieved by 24 h of dialysis. Both HA-1 and HA-8 (but not HA-2) inhibited the metabolism of exogenous [H-3]-N-6-(2-isopentenyl)adenosine in excised aseptic potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves. These results demonstrate that HA-8 is a mechanism-based irreversible (suicide) inhibitor of CKX and indicate that it may be useful in determining the role of CKX in cytokinin homeostasis in planta. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Angers, CNRS, UMR 6501, F-49045 Angers, France. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N,POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM suttlej@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 162 IS 11 BP 1189 EP 1196 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.03.012 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 989IZ UT WOS:000233667400001 PM 16323270 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Salon, P Sharpley, AN Saporito, LS AF Kleinman, PJA Salon, P Sharpley, AN Saporito, LS TI Effect of cover crops established at time of corn planting on phosphorus runoff from soils before and after dairy manure application SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE corn; cover crops; erosion; manure; phosphorus; runoff ID DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; WATERSHEDS; LOSSES; PLOTS; FLOW AB Phosphorus (P) runoff from agricultural soils is a concern due to eutrophication. The simultaneous corn and cover crop system was developed by U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) for dairy farms in the northeastern United States, where short growing seasons have limited fall seeding of cover crops. The simultaneous corn and cover crop system uses post-emergence imidazolinone herbicides to allow for simultaneous seeding of cover crops with silage corn. Trials were established at two locations in the Cannonsvitte Reservoir watershed, New York, part of New York City's drinking water supply system, to assess the effects of this cover cropping system on water quality. Rain simulations (60 mm hr(-1)) were conducted to evaluate the initial 30 minutes of runoff from small (1 X 2 m; 3 ft x 7 ft) plots before and after surface application of dairy manure (50 or 100 kg total P ha(-1); 45 or 89 lb P ac(-1)). Corn yields from plots interseeded with red clover compared most favorably with the conventionally cropped controls, with no significant differences in yields noted between the two treatments at either location. Prior to dairy manure application, losses of P in runoff were primarily a function of erosion. Because at[ cover crops increased ground cover (up to 81 percent greater than the control), total P loads in runoff were significantly lower from cover cropped plots (averaging 10 mg per plot) than from conventionally cropped controls (averaging 39 mg per plot). At the same time, suspended solids loads averaged 25.3 g (1 oz) from the control plots and 5.9 g (0.2 oz) from the cover crop plots. Despite concern that release of soluble P from the cover crops could enrich dissolved reactive P in runoff, dissolved reactive P losses from the simultaneous corn and cover crop system were generally not different from conventionally-cropped silage corn losses. Application of manure obscured cover crop/conventional silage corn treatment differences with regard to P runoff, with dissolved reactive P becoming the dominant form of P in runoff due to contributions of readily soluble P in manure. Because runoff P tosses were already high from unmanured conventional silage corn plots, application of manure did not significantly increase P losses from some of the conventional silage corn treatments. Results highlight the agronomic and water quality benefits of the simultaneous corn and cover crop system, particularly when implemented with red clover. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 35 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 311 EP 322 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300011 ER PT J AU King, KW Harmel, RD Fausey, NR AF King, KW Harmel, RD Fausey, NR TI Development and sensitivity of a method to select time- and flow-paced storm event sampling intervals for headwater streams SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE concentrations; hydrographs; pollutant loads; water quality ID WATER; SEDIMENT; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS; TRANSPORT; STRATEGY; LOADS AB Water quality research and monitoring programs often form the basis from which related legislation is derived. Yet, no standard, protocol, or method is available for guiding the selection of a water quality sampling strategy for runoff from fields and small watersheds. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology that provides guidance in the selection of a water quality sampling strategy for headwater streams (drainage areas less than 2500 ha; 6,177 ac). The developed method is based on the dimensionless unit hydrograph and relationships of measured pollutant concentrations to discharge hydrographs. The methodology was designed for storm events with a specific return interval and a selected acceptable level of error in pollutant load. Nine input parameters (hydraulic length, watershed slope, curve number, drainage area, runoff coefficient, 10-year, one hour precipitation amount, loo-year, one hour precipitation amount, 10 year, 24 hour precipitation amount, and recurrence interval) were used to develop the design hydrograph. Both time- and flow-paced sampling techniques were considered. A global sensitivity analysis of the method indicated that time-paced sampling was primarily sensitive to parameters included in the time of concentration calculation (hydraulic length, watershed slope, and curve number). Flow-paced sampling showed some sensitivity to all nine input parameters. An example application illustrates the utility of the method. Use of the method should facilitate the selection of water quality sampling strategies for field and small watershed scale studies and aid in budgetary planning for sample collection and analysis. The measurements taken based on the recommended sampling strategy will provide more confidence in the pollutant storm load estimates. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300012 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Cox, CA Pierce, FJ Dosskey, MG AF Delgado, JA Cox, CA Pierce, FJ Dosskey, MG TI Precision conservation in North America SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Ankeny, IA USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Precis Agr Syst, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 340 EP 341 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300014 ER PT J AU Dosskey, MG Eisenhauer, DE Helmers, MJ AF Dosskey, MG Eisenhauer, DE Helmers, MJ TI Establishing conservation buffers using precision information SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE buffer design; filter strip; precision agriculture; precision conservation; riparian buffer; water quality ID SIMULATED VEGETATION; CONCENTRATED FLOW; RIPARIAN BUFFER; FILTER STRIPS; SEDIMENT; NITRATE; RUNOFF; MODEL; WATER; FILTRATION AB Conservation buffers, such as filter strips and riparian forest buffers, are widely prescribed to improve and protect water quality in agricultural landscapes. These buffers intercept field runoff and retain some of its pollutant load before it reaches a waterway. A buffer typically is designed to have uniform width along a field margin and to intercept runoff that flows uniformly to it. However, spatial analysis of field conditions and runoff patterns indicate that more runoff is likely to flow to some locations along a field margin than to others which can substantially limit a buffer's effectiveness. We propose that precision conservation, the use of precision spatial information, technologies, and procedures to implement conservation practices, can be used to improve the design of buffers and ensure their effectiveness. Precision conservation can integrate detailed landscape data with mathematical models in a geographic information system. We can then analyze spatial patterns of runoff and design variable-width buffers that precisely match the needs of every location along a waterway. Greater cost of precision conservation is offset partly by greater water-quality benefit from each acre of buffer. Many of the required data sources and modeling components already exist, substantial improvements are possible that can produce even greater conservation efficiency. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Dosskey, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300016 ER PT J AU Schumacher, JA Kaspar, TC Ritchie, JC Schumacher, TE Karlen, DL Venteris, ER McCarty, GW Colvin, TS Jaynes, DB Lindstrom, MJ Fenton, TE AF Schumacher, JA Kaspar, TC Ritchie, JC Schumacher, TE Karlen, DL Venteris, ER McCarty, GW Colvin, TS Jaynes, DB Lindstrom, MJ Fenton, TE TI Identifying spatial patterns of erosion for use in precision conservation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erosion; precision agriculture; soil conservation; tillage ID TILLAGE EROSION; SOIL-EROSION; CESIUM-137 MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; AGRICULTURAL LAND; CENTRAL IOWA; REDISTRIBUTION; TRANSLOCATION; RATES AB The application of site-specific conservation practices requires knowledge of spatial patterns in fields. This study evaluated two methods of delineating soil erosion patterns in a central Iowa field. First, soil erosion rates of individual grid based samples were estimated using soil displacement of cesium-137 (Cs-137). Second, tillage and water erosion were estimated using the topography-driven Water and Tillage Erosion Model (WATEM). The tillage erosion map showed soil loss in convex shoulder positions and soil accumulation in concave footslope and toeslope landscape positions. Alternately, water erosion was associated with slope severity and slope length on backstopes. When the tillage and water erosion map patterns were combined a good correlation with the Cs-137 soil erosion pattern was graphically and statistically exhibited. Study results suggest that tillage erosion be included with water and wind erosion estimates when developing spatial maps that reflect a field's erosion history. Spatial maps depicting a field's erosion history and the primary processes affecting erosion could be used for site-specific implementation of conservation practices such as cover crops, organic matter additions, and no-till, which could be targeted at specific erosion processes. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. RP Schumacher, JA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. OI Venteris, Erik/0000-0001-9863-6098 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300017 ER PT J AU Berry, JK Delgado, JA Pierce, FJ Khosla, R AF Berry, JK Delgado, JA Pierce, FJ Khosla, R TI Applying spatial analysis for precision conservation across the landscape SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural sustainability; geographic information systems; global positioning systems; precision conservation; precision farming ID NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; TILLAGE AB Although new technologies such as precision farming will contribute to increasing yields per unit area, similarly soil and water conservation will be instrumental in maintaining these increases in productivity while reducing environmental degradation, off-site transport, and water pollution. Initially, 'precision conservation' was defined as the integration of spatial technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) and the ability to analyze spatial relationships within and among mapped data. Surface modeling, spatial data mining and map analysis are three broad approaches that can be used to analyze layers of information to help develop and implement management practices that contribute to soil and water conservation in agricultural and natural ecosystems. In this paper, we expand the definition of precision conservation to a developing science that uses the new spatial technologies to link a system from a site specific location, to a field, to a set of fields (farm) to a regional scale. We also expand our discussion based on the status of precision conservation as it was shown by twenty six precision conservation papers presented at the 2004 Soil Science Society of America annual meeting. We propose that precision conservation will be a key science to contribute to the sustainability of our biosphere in this century. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Precis Agr Syst, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 363 EP 370 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300018 ER PT J AU Sadler, EJ Evans, RG Stone, KC Camp, CR AF Sadler, EJ Evans, RG Stone, KC Camp, CR TI Opportunities for conservation with precision irrigation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE site-specific irrigation; spatial variation; water conservation ID FURROW EROSION; COASTAL-PLAIN; POLYACRYLAMIDE; YIELD; CORN; INFILTRATION; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; RUNOFF AB Precision agriculture has mostly emphasized variable-rate nutrients, seeding, and pesticide application, but at several research sites, variable-rate irrigation equipment has been developed to explore the potential for managing irrigation spatially. The modifications to commercial machines are relatively straightforward, but costly; thus economic analyses have not been positive at current grain price: water cost ratios. However, with increased attention to conservation of water during drought, with increased contention for environmental, recreational, municipal, and industry use, or with regulatory constraints, conclusions regarding profitability or desirability of variable-rate irrigation may change. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) define and describe site-specific irrigation, 2) discuss the opportunities for conservation using site-specific irrigation, 3) present case studies from production and research fields that illustrate these opportunities, and 4) discuss critical research needs to fully implement precision irrigation and thus realize these opportunities for conservation. The opportunities for conservation discussed include situations where non-cropped areas exist in a field for which irrigation can be turned completely off, situations where a reduced irrigation amount provides specific benefits, and finally, situations where optimizing irrigation amount to adapt to spatial productivity provides quantitative benefits. Results from the case studies provide estimates of the potential for water conservation using precision irrigation that range from marginal to nearly 50 percent in single years, and average from eight to 20 percent, depending on the previous irrigation management strategy employed. Critical research needs include improved decision support systems and real-time monitoring and feedback to irrigation control. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. No Plains Agr Res, Sidney, MT USA. Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Sadler, EJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 51 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 371 EP 379 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300019 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Bausch, WC AF Delgado, JA Bausch, WC TI Potential use of precision conservation techniques to reduce nitrate leaching in irrigated crops SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE corn; GIS; GPS; nitrate leaching; nitrogen; nitrogen management; NLEAP; precision conservation; remote sensing ID NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; WATER INTERACTIONS; LEAF LETTUCE; SOIL NITRATE; SANDY SOIL; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; SIMULATION; CORN AB There is a continuing need to develop advanced nitrogen (N) management practices that increase N use efficiencies and reduce nitrate-nitrogen(NO3-N) leaching. Our goal was to evaluate the use of geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), modeling and remote sensing for reducing residual soil NO3-N and NO3-N leaching in a centerpivot irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) field. Specific objectives were: 1) to determine if productivity zones delineated using precision agriculture technologies could also correctly identify unique areas within corn fields that differed in residual soil NO3-N and NO3-N leaching potential; and 2) evaluate the potential to use remote sensing of crop productivity to reduce NO3-N leaching losses. This study was conducted in northeastern Colorado during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons in a 70 ha (173 ac) center-pivot irrigated commercial cornfield. For the first objective, initial and final soil samples after harvesting were collected at known locations in high, medium and low productivity areas across this field. For the second objective initial and final soil samples after harvesting were collected in a tow productivity area where "in season" N management was conducted based on remote sensing data. Crop yields and total N were determined on plant samples located at the soil sampling coordinates. The N reflectance index was used to determine the "in season" N application. Remote-sensing-based N fertilization treatment occurred whenever the mean N reflectance index was lower than 0.95 and/or more than 50 percent of the area had an N reflectance index less than 0.95. For both studies, the nitrate leaching economic analysis package and GIS were used to evaluate NO3-N leaching 4. losses. We found that GIS, GPS, and modeling technologies can be used to identify and simulate the spatial residual soil NO3-N patterns. Productivity zones delineated using precision agriculture technologies identified areas within corn production fields that differed in residual soil NO3-N and NO3-N leaching potential. This spatial variability was negatively correlated with the soil texture (P < 0.0001), having lower residual soil NO3-N on the lower productivity sandier areas, which also had a higher NO3-N leaching potential. The N Reflectance Index method can maximize the synchronization of "in season" N applications with corn N uptake needs to increase N use efficiencies and reduce NO3-N leaching losses by 47 percent when compared to traditional practices (P < 0.0001). C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 51 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 379 EP 387 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300020 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, JA Farenhorst, A Stephens, KD Schumacher, TE Lobb, DA AF Papiernik, SK Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, JA Farenhorst, A Stephens, KD Schumacher, TE Lobb, DA TI Variation in soil properties and crop yield across an eroded prairie landscape SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erosion; precision agriculture; spatial variability; tillage erosion ID TILLAGE EROSION; GRAIN-YIELD; REDISTRIBUTION; VARIABILITY; TOPOGRAPHY; QUALITY; WATER AB Intensive tillage moves large quantities of soil, resulting in a pattern of soil redistribution where topsoil is depleted from convex slope positions and deposited in concave positions. In these experiments, the variation in erosion estimates, properties of the surface soil, and crop yield (four years) were determined in an undulating landscape that is subject to annual moldboard plowing. Results indicated that areas with high tillage erosion (shoulder slope positions) had high inorganic carbon contents in the surface soil due to the incorporation of calcareous subsoil material. Wheat yields in 2000, 2001, and 2003 were lowest in these areas, demonstrating yield reductions Of 50 percent or more. Conversely, wheat yields were highest in areas in which soil translocation by tillage and water results in a net deposition of soil (depressions). These areas had a deeper A horizon, and the surface soils had higher organic carbon contents, lower pH and lower inorganic carbon contents. Soybean yields in 2002 did not show a strong dependence on location within the landscape. These results indicate that the observed variation in crop yield in undulating landscapes may be significantly influenced by removal of topsoil through repeated intensive tillage, and point to opportunities for landscape restoration to reduce yield losses. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 19 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 388 EP 395 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300021 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Khosla, R Bausch, WC Westfall, DG Inman, DJ AF Delgado, JA Khosla, R Bausch, WC Westfall, DG Inman, DJ TI Nitrogen fertilizer management based on site-specific management zones reduces potential for nitrate leaching SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE corn; nitrate leaching; nitrogen; nitrogen management; NLEAP; site-specific management zones; water conservation ID USE EFFICIENCY; CORN; AGRICULTURE; SYSTEMS AB Although nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that is a key component of intensive irrigated agricultural systems, its management to maximize yields and reduce losses to the environment is difficult. One reason is due to the spatial and temporal variability that affect residual soil nitrate-N (NO3-N) and NO3-N teaching potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of N fertilization prescriptions based on site-specific management zones to reduce NO3-N leaching losses. We mapped site-specific management zones based on soil color from aerial photographs, topography, and the producer's past management experiences that reflect spatial soil variability. We used the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package MEAN model to assess the benefits of N management based on site-specific management zones. Nitrate leaching was variable across management zones with the highest teaching occurring in the tow productivity zone. This study found that productivity zone is an important spatial factor in determining NO3-N leaching potential since site-specific management zones characterized the variability of factors that affect NO3-N leaching. As the N fertilizer rate is increased by productivity zone the rate of NO3-N leaching increased faster for the low productivity zone creating a "higher leaky zone." Since we found that a factor other than N is limiting yields, a better N management practice is to apply N accounting by realistic maximum yields to avoid over-fertilization, to reduce NO3-N leaching losses during the growing season and residual soil NO3-N that is available to leach during the non-growing season. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that spatially variable N management based on productivity zones produces less NO3-N leaching than uniform strategies while maintaining maximum yield. We estimated that by using a Site Specific Management Zone we cut NO3-N leaching tosses by 25 percent during the first year after a site-specific management zones nutrient management plan. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 402 EP 410 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300023 ER PT J AU Lerch, RN Kitchen, NR Kremer, RJ Donald, WW Alberts, EE Sadler, EJ Sudduth, KA Myers, DB Ghidey, F AF Lerch, RN Kitchen, NR Kremer, RJ Donald, WW Alberts, EE Sadler, EJ Sudduth, KA Myers, DB Ghidey, F TI Development of a conservation-oriented precision agriculture system: Water and soil quality assessment SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE precision agriculture system; runoff; soil erosion; soil quality; spatial variability; topsoil depth; water quality ID NORTH-CENTRAL MISSOURI; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; CLAYPAN SOILS; CROP PRODUCTION; RUNOFF LOSSES; NO-TILL; MANAGEMENT; CORN; VARIABILITY AB A comprehensive approach to achieving sustained crop productivity and profitability requires implementation of conservation systems that simultaneously consider soil and water quality. The objectives of this study were to: 1) assess long-term surface and groundwater quality in a conventionally managed field; 2) assess long-term changes in soil quality in a conventionally managed field; and 3) use this assessment to support development of the precision agriculture system presented in the companion paper. The study site was a 36-ha (89 ac) field in the Central Claypan Area of northeastern Missouri. The field was managed in a cornsoybean rotation using mulch tillage and soil incorporated fertilizer and pre-emergence herbicide inputs for 13 years (1991 to 2003). In general, agrichemical leaching to groundwater was minimal, but the existing management system negatively impacted the quality of surface runoff in five of the nine years reported. Preliminary spatial assessment indicated that the northern half of the field has been the main source of herbicides, nutrients, and sediment transported in surface runoff from this field. Topsoil toss and, therefore, decreased depth to the claypan from historic erosion of the field was a key soil quality indicator related to limitations in crop productivity. Spatial variability in soil loss over the last 150 to 200 years controls the soil quality, water quality, and crop productivity patterns currently observed within this field. Therefore, spatial variability in soil erosion, or a surrogate measure such as depth to claypan, serves as a useful basis for the development of a comprehensive precision agriculture system. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 411 EP 421 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300024 ER PT J AU Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Myers, DB Massey, RE Sadler, EJ Lerch, RN Hummel, JW Palm, HL AF Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Myers, DB Massey, RE Sadler, EJ Lerch, RN Hummel, JW Palm, HL TI Development of a conservation-oriented precision agriculture system: Crop production assessment and plan implementation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE precision agriculture system; profitability mapping; site-specific management; topsoil depth; yield limiting factors ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLAYPAN SOILS; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; YIELD; MODEL; MAIZE AB From site-specific crop and soil information collected from a Missouri claypan soil field for over a decade (1993 to 2003), we implemented a precis-ion agriculture system in 2004 with a goal of using site-specific management practices to improve farming profitability and conserve soil and water resources. The objectives of this study were to: 1) show how precision crop and soil information was used to assess productivity, and 2) document the development of the precision agriculture system plan for implementation on the field, relying on this productivity assessment and conservation opportunities. The study field was un formly managed from 1991-2003, during which time variability in soil and landscape parameters and yield were measured, and causes of yield variation were determined. Profitability map5 were created from yield maps and production records. Because erosion has degraded the topsoil on shoulder and side slope positions of major portions of this field, corn-soybean management practices have rarely been profitable in these shallow topsoil areas. We prioritized these and other results, and developed the precision agriculture system plan. The plan, described in detail, is aimed at increasing profitability while improving water and soil quality. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agr Econ, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 421 EP 430 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300025 ER PT J AU Balkcom, KS Terra, JA Shaw, JN Reeves, DW Raper, RL AF Balkcom, KS Terra, JA Shaw, JN Reeves, DW Raper, RL TI Soil management system and landscape position interactions on nutrient distribution in a Coastal Plain field SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; conventional tillage; dairy manure; stratification ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS; CONVENTIONALLY TILLED CORN; CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS; PH; YIELD; STRATIFICATION; FERTILIZER AB Soil nutrient concentrations vary with soil management system and landscape position, but limited information exists describing these interactions within a heterogeneous field. A three year experiment was conducted to evaluate pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) concentrations at three depths, 0 to 5 cm, 5 to 15 cm, and 15 to 30 cm (0 to 2 in, 2 to 6 in, and 6 to 12 in), and three landscape positions, summit, sideslope, and drainageway, in a 9 ha (22 ac) field containing four different management systems. Management systems consisted of a conventional (chisel plowing/disking in-row subsoiling with no cover crops) and conservation tillage system (in-row subsoiling with cover crops) with or without dairy bedding manure. Soils ranged from Aquic to Typic Paleudults. Manure applications increased pH and nutrient concentrations in the soil surface at 0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 in) of conventional and conservation tillage systems, with highest values measured in conservation tillage. Landscape position affected soil pH and P concentrations; however, depth and landscape position interactions were observed for soil pH, P, and K concentrations. The lowest soil pH and P concentrations were measured from the sideslope position, while K concentrations did not exhibit consistent distributions across landscape positions. Future soil testing of Coastal Plain fields to account for erosion of the landscape may help direct future sampling methodology and interpretations for nutrient management. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. USDA ARS, Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Balkcom, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 431 EP 437 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300026 ER PT J AU Terra, JA Reeves, DW Shaw, JN Raper, RL AF Terra, JA Reeves, DW Shaw, JN Raper, RL TI Impacts of landscape attributes on carbon sequestration during the transition from conventional to conservation management practices on a Coastal Plain field SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; conservation systems; dairy manure; landscape variability; soil management; soil organic C; terrain attributes ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CROPPING SYSTEMS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; TILLAGE; DELINEATION; MITIGATION; QUALITY; STORAGE; RATES AB Field-scale experiments on degraded soils comparing management systems would facilitate a better understanding of the soil organic carbon (C) landscape dynamics associated with transition to conservation systems. We assessed the effects of soil management practices and terrain attributes on soil organic C in a 9 ha (22.2 ac) Alabama field (Typic and Aquic Paleudults). Treatments were established in strips across the landscape in a corn (Zea mays L.)cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) rotation. Treatments included a conventional system (chisel plowing/disking without cover crops) with or without dairy manure, and a conservation system (no-till and cover crops) with and without manure. A soil survey, topography, soil electrical conductivity, initial soil organic C and soil texture were used to delineate management zones or clusters. After one rotation cycle (30 months), averaged across 240 positions distributed over the entire field, no-till or conventional tillage + manure increased soil organic C (0 to 5 CM; 0 to 2 in depth) by similar to 50 percent compared to conventional tillage (7.34 and 7.62 vs. 5.02 Mg ha(-1); 3.28 and 3.40 VS. 2.24 t ac(-1), respectively); but no-till+manure increased soil organic C by 157 percent. Initial soil organic C content was the most common correlated variable with soil organic C changes (ASOC) across the landscape for all treatments and conservation systems had greater soil organic C increases relative to conventional systems at low soil quality landscape positions. Our results show the potential to sequester C using high-residue producing conservation systems and manure is scale dependent, and may be higher than previously expected for degraded soils in the southeastern United States. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 438 EP 446 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 992OK UT WOS:000233893300027 ER PT J AU Millen, BE Quatromoni, PA Pencina, M Kimokoti, R Nam, BH Cobain, S Kozak, W Appugliese, DP Ordovas, J D'Agostino, RB AF Millen, BE Quatromoni, PA Pencina, M Kimokoti, R Nam, BH Cobain, S Kozak, W Appugliese, DP Ordovas, J D'Agostino, RB TI Unique dietary patterns and chronic disease risk profiles of adult men: The Framingham Nutrition Studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CLINICAL-TRIAL; LIFE-STYLE; WOMEN AB Objective To identify the dietary patterns of adult men and examine their relationships with nutrient intake and chronic disease risk over long-term follow-up. Design/subjects Baseline 145-item food frequency questionnaires from 1,666 Framingham Offspring-Spouse cohort men were used to identify comprehensive dietary patterns. Independent 3-day dietary records at baseline and 8 years later provided estimates of subjects' nutrient intake by dietary pattern. Chronic disease risk factor status was compared at baseline and 16-year follow-up across all male dietary patterns. Statistical analyses Cluster analysis was applied to food frequency data to identify non-overlapping male dietary patterns. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to compare nutrient intake, summary nutritional risk scores, and chronic disease risk status at baseline and follow-up by male dietary pattern. Results Five distinct and comprehensive dietary patterns of Framingham Offspring-Spouse men were identified and ordered according to overall nutritional risk: Transition to Heart Healthy, Higher Starch, Average Male, Lower Variety, and Empty Calories. Nutritional risk was high and varied by dietary pattern; key nutrient contrasts were stable over 8-year follow-up. Chronic disease risk also varied by dietary pattern and specific subgroup differences persisted over 16 years, notably rates of overweight/obesity and smoking. Conclusions Quantitative cluster analysis applied to food frequency questionnaire data identified five distinct, comprehensive, and stable dietary patterns of adult Framingham Offspring-Spouse cohort men. The close associations between the dietary patterns, nutritional risk, and chronic disease profiles of men emphasize the importance of targeted preventive nutrition interventions to promote health in the male population. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Med Nutr Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Data Coordinating Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA,Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Millen, BE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Room 263W,715 Albany St,Talbot 2 W, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM bmillen@bu.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-60700, N01-HC-38038]; PHS HHS [R01054776-06] NR 51 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 105 IS 11 BP 1723 EP 1734 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.007 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 979GI UT WOS:000232930000011 PM 16256756 ER PT J AU Marmer, WN Dudley, RL AF Marmer, WN Dudley, RL TI Oxidative dehairing by sodium percarbonate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CHROME SHAVINGS; LEATHER WASTE; PILOT-SCALE; PEROXYMONOCARBONATE; CAKE AB The dehairing of cattle hides generates large quantities of waste that are of environmental concern as they have a large biological and chemical oxygen demand. We had demonstrated that the traditional dehairing agent, sodium sulfide, can be re laced by an oxidative dehairing agent, sodium perborate, thereby reducing the amount of hazardous chemical in the waste stream. The by-product of perborate is borate, however, which is suspected to accelerate the degradation of wooden dehairing drums. In this paper we report the results of a study that uses sodium percarbonate as the dehairing agent. Although oxidatively dehaired hides exhibit a slight resistance to acid dye uptake, leather produced from percarbonate-dehaired hides in all other studied aspects - shrinkage temperature, chromium uptake, elongation at break, toughness index - compared favorably to leather from sulfide-dehaired hides. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM wmarmer@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 100 IS 11 BP 427 EP 431 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 982IC UT WOS:000233150300002 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP DiMaio, GL Godinez, V Finlayson, RD Hanson, M AF Liu, CK Latona, NP DiMaio, GL Godinez, V Finlayson, RD Hanson, M TI Nondestructive testing using rotational acoustic emission sensors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LEATHER AB At the present time, testing the mechanical properties of leather is a destructive process, wherein cutouts are taken off the tannery floor for mechanical testing. Under a cooperative R&D agreement (CRADA), we recently investigated the feasibility of using the acoustic emission (AE) technique to dynamically and nondestructively measure the mechanical properties of leather. The long-range goal of this collaborative effort is the production of an AE instrument, which will provide the leather industry with a nondestructive way in which to monitor the quality of leather at each of the leather-making stages. In this investigation, a rotational acoustic sensor was rolled across the leather samples to collect their AE quantities such as waveforms, frequency, hits, counts and energy. The software AE-Win (TM) was utilized to capture and record the data, and the neural network software NOESIS (TM) was subsequently used for data analysis. Observations showed an excellent correlation between the softness of leather and the corresponding cumulative acoustic counts. We also used this dynamic method to characterize the grain break of leather. Results showed that the difference in grain break could be determined from the amount of acoustic energy collected from moving the AE sensor over a leather sample laid inside a half pipe. The grain break decreased as the AE energy increased. The higher AE energy is an indication of stiffer leather; therefore, the results revealed that stiffer leather is prone to bad grain break. Data also demonstrated that the thicker samples tended to have poorer grain break. We derived a predictive model that could be very useful for nondestructively testing grain break using the AE method described in this report. Results also showed a close relationship between the tensile strength and AE energy or duration obtained from testing. In short, this study demonstrated that the softness, tensile strength and grain break could be nondestructively determined by measuring the acoustic quantities with a rotational sensor rolling over the leather. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Phys Acoust Corp, Princeton, NJ 08550 USA. Seton Co, Leather Div, Saxton, PA 16635 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 100 IS 11 BP 438 EP 446 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 982IC UT WOS:000233150300004 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Hicks, KB AF Moreau, RA Hicks, KB TI The composition of corn oil obtained by the alcohol extraction of ground corn SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE corn; oil; phytosterols; polyamines; Zea mays ID TOCOTRIENOLS; ETHANOL; DIFERULOYLPUTRESCINE; TOCOPHEROLS; PROFILE; FIBER AB All commercial corn oil is obtained by the hexane extraction of corn germ. The chemical composition of commercial corn oil has been well characterized. This study was undertaken to quantitatively evaluate the lipid composition of corn oil obtained by the ethanol extraction of ground, whole corn kernels. When corn oil was obtained by extracting ground corn kernels (ground corn) with polar or nonpolar solvents, the resulting corn oil contained much higher levels of hydroxycinnamate steryl esters (similar to 0.3%) than those found in commercial hexane-extracted corn (germ) oil (similar to 0.02%). The levels of valuable tocopherols and tocotrienols were also significantly higher in kernel oil than in traditional corn germ oil. We previously reported that when corn oil was obtained by extracting corn kernels with polar solvents, the oil contained two polyamine conjugates, diferuloylputrescine and p-coumaroyl feruloylputrescine. In the current study, when ground corn was extracted with ethanol, the resulting corn oil contained about 0.5% diferuloylputrescine and about 0.2% p-coumaroyl feruloylputrescine. This is the first study to quantify these unique compounds in corn oil extracted by new techniques. This compositional information is important because this new oil is being considered for human food use. C1 USDA, ARS, Easatern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Easatern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rmoreau@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 82 IS 11 BP 809 EP 815 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 990ZG UT WOS:000233781300006 ER PT J AU Hou, CT AF Hou, CT TI Monooxygenase system of Bacillus megaterium ALA2: Studies on palmitic acid oxidation products SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus megaterium ALA2; linoleic acid; monooxygenase; oxygenated fatty acids; palmitic acid ID CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS; OLEIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; 10-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID; MICROBIAL OXIDATION; STRAIN ALA2; COMPOUND; BIOCONVERSION AB We identified many novel oxygenated FA produced from linoleic acid by microbial strain ALA2: 12,13,1 7-trihydroxy-9(4-octadecenoic acid (12,13,1 7-THOA); 12,13,1 6-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12,13,1 6-THOA); 12-hydroxy13,16-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid; and 12,17;13,17-diepoxy-1 6-hydroxy-9(4-octadecenoic acid. 12,13,17-THOA, the main product, inhibits the growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. Recently, we reclassified strain ALA2 as Bacillus megaterium ALA2 NRRL B-21 660 and opened a possible link with the well-studied catalytically self-sufficient P450 monooxygenase of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 (NRRL B-371 2) and B. subtilis strain 168 (1NRRL B-421 9). Now we have found that strain ALA2 also oxidizes palmitic acid into three oxygenated products: 13-,14-, and I 5-hydroxy palmitic acids. This indicates that strain ALA2 also possesses a monooxygenase system similar to the abovementioned well-known strains. These data facilitate studies on the oxygenase system of strain ALA2. C1 USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Micorbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Micorbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM HOUCT@ncaur.usda.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 82 IS 11 BP 839 EP 843 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 990ZG UT WOS:000233781300010 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Hicks, KB AF Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Hicks, KB TI The influence of moisture content and cooking on the screw pressing and prepressing of corn oil from corn germ SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE corn; expeller; extraction; germ; maize; oil; press ID CRAMBE SEED; EXTRACTION; QUALITY AB Samples of corn germ were obtained from a commercial corn wet mill (factory dried to about 3% moisture) and a commercial corn dry mill (undried, produced in the mill with about 13% moisture). The germ samples (200 g each) were cooked for various times in either a conventional oven at 180 degrees C or a microwave oven at 1500 W. Bench-scale single screw pressing was then performed. With the dry milled corn germ, no oil was obtained from the uncooked germ. A maximal yield of about 5% oil [26% of total oil recovery (TOR), relative to hexane extraction] was obtained by cooking the dry-milled germ for 6.5 min in a conventional oven at 180 degrees C before pressing. A maximal yield of about 7% oil (37% TOR) was obtained by cooking the dry-milled germ for 4.5 min in a microwave oven at 1500 W before pressing. With the wet-milled germ, yields of about 7% oil (18% TOR) were obtained with the uncooked germ and yields increased to a maximum of about 22% oil (56% TOR) by cooking in a conventional oven at 180 degrees C for 5 min or a maximum of about 17% oil (44% TOR) by cooking for 4 min in a microwave oven at 1500 W. These results indicate that microwave and conventional oven cooking are both effective pretreatments before pressing. Microwave preheating resulted in higher oil yields with dry-milled germ, and conventional oven pretreatment resulted in higher oil yields with factory-dried wet-milled corn germ. C1 USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rmoreau@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 82 IS 11 BP 851 EP 854 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 990ZG UT WOS:000233781300012 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ AF Mou, BQ TI Genetic variation of beta-carotene and lutein contents in lettuce SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; chlorophyll; provitamin A; nutrition; HPLC; breeding; germplasm; Lactuca sativa; Lactuca serriola; Lactuca saligna; Lactuca virosa ID UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN-A; CHLOROPHYLL; CANCER; VEGETABLES; DEFICIENCY; FRUITS AB There is increasing medical evidence for the health benefits derived from dietary intake of carotenoid antioxidants, such as beta-carotene and lutein. Enhancing the nutritional levels of vegetables would improve the nutrient intake without requiring an increase in consumption. A breeding program to improve the nutritional quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) must start with an assessment of the existing genetic variation. To assess the genetic variability in carotenoid contents, 52 genotypes including crisphead, leaf, romaine, butterhead, primitive, Latin, and stem lettuces, and wild species were planted in the field in Salinas, Calif., in the Summer and Fall of 2003 with four replications. Duplicate samples from each plot were analyzed for chlorophyll (a and b), beta-carotene, and lutein concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Wild accessions (L. serriola L., L. saligna L., L. virosa L., and primitive form) had higher beta-carotene and lutein concentrations than cultivated lettuces, mainly due to the lower moisture content of wild lettuces. Among major types of cultivated lettuce, carotenoid concentration followed the order of: green leaf or romaine > red leaf > butterhead > crisphead. There was significant genetic variation in carotenoid concentration within each of these lettuce types. Crisphead lettuce accumulated more lutein than beta-carotene, while other lettuce types had more beta-carotene than lutein. Carotenoid concentration was higher in summer than in the fall, but was not affected by the position of the plant on the raised bed. Beta-carotene and lutein concentrations were highly correlated, suggesting that their levels could be enhanced simultaneously. Beta-carotene and lutein concentrations were both highly correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll concentrations, suggesting that carotenoid content could be selected indirectly through chlorophyll or color measurement. These results suggest that genetic improvement of carotenoid levels in lettuce is feasible. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, BQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bmou@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 6 BP 870 EP 876 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 982TG UT WOS:000233183900012 ER PT J AU Jakse, J Martin, W McCallum, J Havey, MJ AF Jakse, J Martin, W McCallum, J Havey, MJ TI Single nucleotide polymorphisms, indels, and simple sequence repeats for onion cultivar identification SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; expressed sequence tags; neighbor joining; UPGMA AB The commercial production of onion (Allium cepa L.) inbreds, hybrids, and open-pollinated (OP) cultivars would benefit from a robust set of molecular markers that confidently distinguish among elite germplasms. Large-scale DNA sequencing has revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), short insertion-deletion (indel) events, and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are relatively abundant classes of codominant DNA markers. We identified 398 SNPs, indels, and SSRs among 35 elite onion ulations and observed that all populations could be distinguished. Phylogenetic analyses of simple-matching and Jaccard's coefficients for SSRs produced essentially identical trees and relationships were consistent with known pedigrees and previous marker evaluations. The SSRs revealed that elite germplasms from specific companies or breeding programs were often closely related. In contrast, phylogenetic analyses of SNPs and indels did not reveal clear relationships among elite onion populations and there was no agreement among trees generated using SNPs and indels vs. SSRs. This discrepancy was likely due to SNPs and indels occurring among amplicons from duplicated regions (paralogs) of the onion genome. Nevertheless, these PCR-based markers will be useful in the quality control of inbred, hybrid, and OP onion seed lots. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. Univ Ljubljana, Biotechnol Fac, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu OI Jakse, Jernej/0000-0002-8907-1627 NR 15 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 6 BP 912 EP 917 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 982TG UT WOS:000233183900018 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Bugbee, B AF Frantz, JM Bugbee, B TI Acclimation of plant populations to shade: Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon use efficiency SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE R : P ratio; whole plant CO2 gas-exchange; hydroponics; low light; quantum yield; Lactuca sativa; Lycopersicon esculentum ID MAINTENANCE COMPONENT MODELS; DARK RESPIRATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAF RESPIRATION; ROOT RESPIRATION; INACCURATE REPRESENTATION; WHITE CLOVER; TALL FESCUE; SCOTS PINE; HIGH CO2 AB Cloudy days cause an abrupt reduction in daily photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), but we have a poor understanding of how plants acclimate to this change. We used a unique 10-chamber, steady-state, gas-exchange system to continuously measure daily photosynthesis and night respiration of populations of a starch accumulator [tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Micro-Tina)] and a sucrose accumulator [lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids)] over 42 days. All measurements were done at elevated CO2 (1200 mu mol-mol(-1)) to avoid any CO2 limitations and included both shoots and roots. We integrated photosynthesis and respiration measurements separately to determine daily net carbon gain and carbon use efficiency, (CUE) as the ratio of daily net C gain to total day-time C fixed over the 42-day period. After 16 to 20 days of growth in constant PPF, plants in some chambers were subjected to an abrupt PPF reduction to simulate shade or a series of cloudy days. The immediate effect and the long term acclimation rate were assessed from canopy quantum yield and carbon use efficiency. The effect of shade on carbon use efficiency and acclimation was much slower than predicted by widely used growth models. It took 12 days for tomato populations to recover their original CUE and lettuce CUE never completely acclimated. Tomatoes, the starch accumulator, acclimated to low light more rapidly than lettuce, the sucrose accumulator. Plant growth models should be modified to include the photosynthesis/respiration imbalance and resulting inefficiency of carbon gain associated with changing PPF conditions on cloudy days. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Crop Physiol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Frantz, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 2801 W Bancroft,Mail Stop 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu RI bugbee, bruce/I-5008-2012 NR 68 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 6 BP 918 EP 927 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 982TG UT WOS:000233183900019 ER PT J AU Sabba, RP Lulai, EC AF Sabba, RP Lulai, EC TI Immunocytological analysis of potato tuber periderm and changes in pectin and extensin epitopes associated with periderm maturation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cell wall; homogalacturonan; pectin; phellem; phelloderm; phellogen; rhamnogalacturonan; Solanum tuberosum ID PLANT-CELL-WALL; HYDROXYPROLINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEINS; CROSS-LINKING; SIDE-CHAINS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-I; SPATIAL REGULATION; WOUND PERIDERM; POLYSACCHARIDES; LOCALIZATION AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) periderm forms a barrier at the surface of the tuber that protects it from infection and dehydration. Immature periderm is susceptible to excoriation (skinning injury), which results in costly storage loses and market quality defects. The periderm consists of three different cell types: phellem (skin), phellogen (cork cambium), and phelloderm (parenchyma-like cells). The phellogen serves as a lateral meristem for the periderm and is characterized by thin radial walls that are labile to fracture while the periderm is immature and the phellogen is actively dividing, thus rendering the tuber susceptible to excoriation. As the periderm matures the phellogen becomes inactive, its cell walls thicken and become resistant to fracture, and thus the tuber becomes resistant to excoriation. Little is known about the changes in cell wall polymers that are associated with tuber periderm maturation and the concurrent development of resistance to excoriation. Various changes in pectins (galacturonans and rhamnogalacturonans) and extensin may be involved in this maturational process. The objectives of this research were to compare immunolabeling of homogalacturonan (HG) epitopes to labeling of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and extensin epitopes to better understand the depositional patterns of these polymers in periderm cell walls and their involvement in tub er periderm maturation. Immunolabeling with the monoclonal antibodies JIM5 and JIM7 (recognizing a broad range of esterified HG) confirmed that HG epitopes are lacking in phellogen walls of immature periderm, but increased greatly upon maturation of the periderm. Labeling of a (1,4)-beta-galactan epitope found in RG-I and recognized by the monoclonal antibody LN15 was abundant in phelloderm cell walls, but sparse in most phellem cell walls. LN15 labeling was very sparse in the walls of meristematically active phellogen cells of immature periderm, but increased dramatically upon periderm maturation. Deposition of a (1,5)-alpha-(L)-arabinan epitope found in RG-I and recognized by LN16 was abundant in phelloderm and phellogen cell walls, but was sparse in phellem cell walls. LM6 labeling of phellogen walls did not change upon periderm maturation, indicating that different RG-I epitopes are regulated independently during maturation of the periderm. Labeling with the monoclonal antibody LM1 for an extensin epitope implied that extensin is lacking in phellem cell walls, but is abundant in phelloderm cell walls. Phellogen cell walls did not label with LM1 in immature periderm, but were abundantly labeled with LMI in mature periderm. These immunolabeling studies identify pectin and extensin depositions as likely biochemical processes involved in the thickening and related strengthening of phellogen walls upon inactivation of the phellogen layer as a lateral meristem and maturation of the periderm in potato tuber. These results provide unique and new insight into the identities of some of the biological processes that may be targeted in the development of new technologies to enhance resistance to tuber skinning injury for improved harvest, handling and storage properties. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lulai, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM lulaie@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 6 BP 936 EP 942 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 982TG UT WOS:000233183900021 ER PT J AU Friedman, AN Hunsicker, LG Selhub, J Bostom, AG AF Friedman, AN Hunsicker, LG Selhub, J Bostom, AG CA Collaborative study Grp TI Total plasma homocysteine and arteriosclerotic outcomes in type 2 diabetes with nephropathy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RENAL-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; KIDNEY-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-DISEASE; TRIAL; IRBESARTAN AB Total serum homocysteine (tHcy) has been shown to predict de novo and recurrent cardiovascular events in many studies. However, results in diabetic populations with minimal nephropathy are mixed. The independent relationship between tHcy and arteriosclerotic outcomes and congestive heart failure (CHF) events in a population with high cardiovascular risk and diabetic nephropathy was examined. A total of 1575 individuals were enrolled in the international Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) and followed for 2.6 yr. All participants had baseline diabetic nephropathy, overt proteinuria, and hypertension and were recruited between 1996 and 1999. A total of 492 total arteriosclerotic outcomes (primary outcome) and 317 CHF events (secondary outcome) were tallied. Established cardiovascular risk factors were highly prevalent, as were high tHcy levels (quintiles [mu M]: first 4.5 to 11; second > 11 to 13; third > 13 to 15; fourth > 15 to 19; fifth > 19). No association between tHcy and arteriosclerotic outcomes was observed in a univariate model or after adjustment for study randomization and established cardiovascular risk factors. The strongest outcome predictor was the presence of baseline cardiovascular disease, followed by an inverse relationship to diastolic BP. The significant univariate association between tHcy and CHF events disappeared when serum creatinine alone was added to the model. These findings question the utility of tHcy in predicting de novo or recurrent cardiovascular events in individuals with diabetic nephropathy. Further studies are needed to confirm whether these negative results apply to other populations with heavy cardiovascular risk burdens. Previous positive findings can potentially be explained through tHcy's role as a sensitive surrogate marker for kidney disease, itself a recognized cardiovascular risk factor. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI USA. RP Friedman, AN (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, 1481 W 10th St,111N, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM allfried@iupui.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL67695-02] NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1725 I ST, NW STE 510, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 1046-6673 EI 1533-3450 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 3397 EP 3402 DI 10.1681/ASN.2004100846 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 978BS UT WOS:000232847800030 PM 16162814 ER PT J AU Deng, MY Wang, H Ward, GB Beckham, TR McKenna, TS AF Deng, MY Wang, H Ward, GB Beckham, TR McKenna, TS TI Comparison of six RNA extraction methods for the detection of classical swine fever virus by real-time and conventional reverse transcription-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE classical swine fever virus; reverse transcription-PCR; RNA extraction ID BETA-ACTIN GENE; RING TEST; EVOLUTION; CYTOSKELETAL; REGIONS AB Six RNA extraction methods, i.e., RNAqueous kit, Micro-to-midi total RNA purification system, NucleoSpin RNA II, GenElute mammalian total RNA kit, RNeasy mini kit, and TRIzol LS reagent, were evaluated on blood and 7 tissues from pig infected with classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Each of the 6 extraction methods yielded sufficient RNA for positive results in a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RTPCR) for CSFV, and all RNA, except the one extracted from blood by TRIzol LS reagent, yielded positive results in both a conventional RT-PCR for CSFV and a conventional RT-PCR for an endogenous gene encoding P-actin. The RNA extracted from blood by TRIzol LS reagent became positive in both conventional RT-PCR assays when it was diluted to 1:2, 1:4, or up to 1:64 in nuclease-free water. It is concluded that all 6 methods are more or less useful for the detection of CSFV by real-time and conventional RT-PCR in swine blood and tissues. However, some of the 6 reagents offer certain advantages not common to all 6 extraction procedures. For example, RNA extracted by the TRIzol LS reagent constantly had the highest yield; that by the RNAqueous kit had the highest A260/A280 ratio for almost all samples; and that by the NucleoSpin RNA 11 and the GenElute mammalian total RNA kit was most likely to be free of contaminations with genomic DNA. C1 Vet Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,USDA,Plum Isl Anim, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Deng, MY (reprint author), Vet Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,USDA,Plum Isl Anim, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 574 EP 578 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983IE UT WOS:000233224100009 PM 16475517 ER PT J AU Chen, TC Hsu, HT Jain, RK Huang, CW Lin, CH Liu, FL Yeh, SD AF Chen, TC Hsu, HT Jain, RK Huang, CW Lin, CH Liu, FL Yeh, SD TI Purification and serological analyses of tospoviral nucleocapsid proteins expressed by Zucchini yellow mosaic virus vector in squash SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; BUD NECROSIS TOSPOVIRUS; SILVER-MOTTLE-VIRUS; S-RNA SEGMENT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HETEROLOGOUS PROTEINS; DISTINCT TOSPOVIRUS; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; ANTIBODY FRAGMENT; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY AB A plant viral vector engineered from an in vivo infectious clone of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was used to express the nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) of tospoviruses in planta. The open reading frames (ORFs) of NPs of different serogroups of tospoviruses, including Tomato spotted wilt virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Watermelon silver mottle virus, Peanut bud necrosis virus, and Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV), were in frame inserted in between the P1 and HC-Pro genes of the ZYMV vector. Six histidine residues and an NIa protease cleavage site were added at the C-terminal region of the inserts to facilitate purification and process of free form of the expressed NPs, respectively. Approximately 1.2-2.5 mg/NPs 100 g tissues were purified from leaf extracts of zucchini squash. The expressed WBNV NP was used as an immunogen for the production of highly specific polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies. The procedure provides a convenient and fast way for production of large quantities of pure NPs of tospoviruses in planta. The system also has a potential for production of any proteins of interest in cucurbits. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. USDA, ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Plant Pathol, Adv Ctr Plant Virol, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Yeh, SD (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. EM sdyeh@nchu.edu.tw NR 67 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2005 VL 129 IS 2 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.05.014 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 973KW UT WOS:000232522400002 PM 15992936 ER PT J AU Li, RH Mock, R AF Li, RH Mock, R TI An improved reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of two cherry flexiviruses in Prunus spp. SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID RING-MOTTLE-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; CLONING AB A one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was developed to detect Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) and Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) in woody indicators and naturally infected Prunus spp. Viral RNA suitable for RT-PCR was obtained by a simple trapping method that did not require either extraction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or total RNA, availability of virus antibodies, or purification of viral particles. Consensus primers, degenerate primers and virus-specific primers, whose designs were based on alignments of available cherry flexivirus sequences, were tested to amplify viral genomic fragments of six CGRMV isolates and one CNRMV isolate. RT-PCR allowed CGRMV detection in total RNA and viral RNA preparations equivalent to 400 mu g and 4 mu g of infected leaf tissue, respectively. CGRMV was detected in tender shoots, leaves, bark and root tips, and the strongest bands were obtained using young leaves. Detection was less consistent in summer when the temperature was elevated and plant tissues were old. A direct comparison of the RT-PCR and grafting assays indicated that the RT-PCR assay is sensitive, rapid and reliable. The method will improve the routine diagnosis of cherry flexiviruses in Prunus spp. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Off, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pgqorl@ars-grin.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2005 VL 129 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.05.019 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 973KW UT WOS:000232522400007 PM 15996763 ER PT J AU Traul, DL Elias, S Taus, NS Herrmann, LM Oaks, JL Li, H AF Traul, DL Elias, S Taus, NS Herrmann, LM Oaks, JL Li, H TI A real-time PCR assay for measuring alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 DNA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; PATHOMORPHOLOGY; AMPLIFICATION; SHEEP AB Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AIHV-1) is a rhadinovirus that causes malignant catarrhal fever in certain ruminant species and is an important pathogen in Africa and other areas where carrier species and clinically susceptible ruminants intermingle. In this study, a real-time PCR for AIHV-1 DNA was developed and compared to an established nested PCR. The nested PCR amplifies a region of the AIHV-1 gene coding for a transactivator protein (ORF 50), while the real-time PCR assay targets the AIHV-1 gene coding for a tegument protein (ORF 3). The real-time PCR assay reproducibly detected 10 copies of target DNA. In a dilution series of the target DNA there was linearity of the assay across 8 orders of magnitude (10(1)-10(9) copies). The nested PCR was more sensitive (congruent to 1 log) than the real-time PCR. The assay specifically amplified samples containing only AIHV-1, but not other common herpesviruses of cattle. In conclusion, we have developed a rapid, relatively sensitive, and reliable real-time PCR assay specific for AIHV-1. Similar to the real-time PCR for Ovine herpesvirus-2, this assay should prove useful for differential diagnostics of clinical MCF and for research to better define the epidemiology of AIHV-1 in wildebeest as well as in animals with wildebeest-associated MCF. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Traul, DL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dtraul@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2005 VL 129 IS 2 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.05.021 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 973KW UT WOS:000232522400010 PM 15998545 ER PT J AU Gismondi, PM Hamer, DH Leka, LS Dallal, G Singh, MAF Meydani, SN AF Gismondi, PM Hamer, DH Leka, LS Dallal, G Singh, MAF Meydani, SN TI Strategies, time, and costs associated with the recruitment and enrollment of nursing home residents for a micronutrient supplementation clinical trial SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INFORMED CONSENT AB Background. Concomitant with the substantial growth of the elderly population in the last decade, there has been a steady rise in the number of nursing home residents aged 65 years and older. Well designed, rigorously conducted clinical intervention trials provide all important source of data for evidence-based improvements in the medical care of nursing home residents. The information available oil strategies for the recruitment and screening of participants for such studies in long-term care facilities, as well as the financial and time costs for carrying out these investigations, is limited. Methods. This report describes our experience in recruiting 617 nursing home residents for a multisite, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial designed to determine the efficacy of a 1-year period of vitamin E supplementation in preventing respiratory tract infections. Comparisons of the projected staffing costs and actual costs incurred are presented, using a retrospective method for the determination of unit costs. Results. Initially, 874 consents were obtained from 2815 potential participants, of which only 617 were enrolled. Each successful enrollment required an average of 15 hours of staff time at a combined personnel and supply cost of $515 per participant and a total study cost of $317,661. Several obstacles were encountered during the recruitment and enrollment process: resistance oil the pail of family or primary care provider; transfer out of facility; and changes in the medical condition of the patient, including death. Discussion. The results of this report should prove useful to investigators developing budgets for nursing home-based clinical trials by providing a more accurate determination of the personnel needed and the costs associated with recruitment and enrollment of participants. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1469 EP 1474 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 992ZZ UT WOS:000233923800030 PM 16339336 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Hammer, RB Radeloff, VC Potts, RS AF Gustafson, EJ Hammer, RB Radeloff, VC Potts, RS TI The relationship between environmental amenities and changing human settlement patterns between 1980 and 2000 in the midwestern USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE causes of change; ecological amenities; environmental perceptions; housing density; human settlement patterns; landscape change; predictive model ID RESIDENTIAL PREFERENCES; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; CONVERGENCE; LANDSCAPES; WISCONSIN; MODELS; INDEX AB Natural resource amenities may be an attractor as people decide where they will live and invest in property. In the American Midwest these amenities range from lakes to forests to pastoral landscapes, depending on the ecological province. We used simple linear regression models to test the hypotheses that physiographic, land cover (composition and spatial pattern), forest characteristics, land use on undeveloped land, public ownership, soil productivity and proximity to urban centers predict changes in population, housing, and seasonal housing densities over a 10-year interval (1980-1990). We then generated multiple-regression models to predict population, total and seasonal housing density change in the most recent decade (1990-2000) based on ownership and ecological conditions in 1990 and tested them by comparing the predictions to actual change measured by the US Census Bureau. Our results indicate that the independent variables explained between 25 and 40% of the variability in population density change, 42-67% of the variability of total housing density change, and 13-32% of the variability in seasonal housing density change in the 1980s, depending on the province. The strength of the relationships between independent and dependent variables varied by province, and in some cases the sign varied as well. Topographic relief was significantly related to population growth in all provinces, and land cover composition and the presence of water was significantly related to total housing growth in all provinces. There was a surprisingly limited association of any of the independent variables to seasonal housing growth in the northern province, which is commonly perceived to attract seasonal use because of ecological amenities. Proximity to urban centers is related to population and housing density change, but not seasonal housing density change. Our tests indicated that models for population density change showed some utility, but the models for total and seasonal housing density generally performed poorly. Ecologic variables were consistently poor at predicting seasonal housing density change. Our results show that environmental characteristics appear to have some influence on the spatial distribution of population and housing change in the Midwest, although other factors that were not modeled are clearly dominant. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Appl Populat Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 20 IS 7 BP 773 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-2149-7 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 980RQ UT WOS:000233036300001 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Jones, KB AF Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Jones, KB TI Evaluating the relative roles of ecological regions and land-cover composition for guiding establishment of nutrient criteria SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act (CWA); eutrophication; nitrogen; phosphorus; scale; variance component analysis ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; STREAMS; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; WATERSHEDS; ECOREGIONS; EXPORT AB The continuing degradation of United States surface waters by excessive nutrient loads has motivated the establishment of nutrient criteria for streams, lakes, and estuaries as a means to protect aquatic resources. Nutrient criteria have been established based on ecoregional differences, recognizing that geographic variation in climate, topography, geology, and land use require use of different criteria values for different regions of the continental United States. Several studies have demonstrated that land-cover composition also strongly influences nutrient concentrations and yields. We examined the relative importance of ecoregions and watershed land-cover composition in explaining variability in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations by re-analyzing the National Eutrophication Survey (NES) data reported by Omernik (1977). The variance of N concentrations among land-cover composition classes within ecoregions was six times larger than the variance among ecoregions. For P concentrations, land-cover composition within ecoregions accounted for three times more variance than ecoregions themselves. Variance across ecoregions was only weakly significant after accounting for variance in land-cover composition within ecoregions. The results suggest that the relationship between land-cover composition and nutrient concentrations in aquatic systems should also be used to help guide establishment of nutrient criteria. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov NR 24 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 20 IS 7 BP 791 EP 798 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-0067-3 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 980RQ UT WOS:000233036300002 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Cody, R AF Rimando, AM Cody, R TI Determination of stilbenes in blueberries SO LC GC NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VITIS-VINIFERA; RESVERATROL; POLYPHENOLICS; PTEROSTILBENE; BERRIES; GRAPES; BRAIN AB A magnetic sector GC-MS SIM method was used to accurately determine the presence of phenolic antioxidants in blueberries. Stilbenes, resveratrol, pterostilbenes, and piceatannol were quantified from different sources and varieties of Vaccinium berries. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM arimando@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 1527-5949 J9 LC GC N AM JI LC GC N. AM. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1192 EP + PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 983XD UT WOS:000233264800004 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE AF Harry-O'kuru, RE TI 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate esters of milkweed oil: Synthesis and characterization SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACID-CATALYZED CONDENSATION; ESTOLIDE TRIGLYCERIDES; SEED OIL; FATTY-ACIDS AB The common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) is a new industrial crop. Its seed oil (TAG) is highly polyunsaturated. In the search for novel applications for milkweed seed oil, the olefinic groups in the TAG were oxidized to polyhydroxy TAG via epoxidation and subsequent epoxy ring-opening reactions. These polyhydroxy TAG exhibit unique industrially desirable emulsoid properties in water. Esterification of the secondary polyhydroxy functionalities of the TAG derivatives of the oil with trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid) has resulted in the development of novel cinnamate esters of milkweed oil. These cinnamates are also obtainable via direct ring-opening of the epoxy TAG intermediate with ferulic acid. Among the interesting characteristics of the ester derivatives is their UV radiation-absorbing property. C1 USDA ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM harryore@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD NOV PY 2005 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1179 EP 1183 DI 10.1007/s11745-005-1483-0 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 997JW UT WOS:000234242500011 PM 16459931 ER PT J AU McKiness, ZP McMullin, ER Fisher, CR Cavanaugh, CM AF McKiness, ZP McMullin, ER Fisher, CR Cavanaugh, CM TI A new bathymodioline mussel symbiosis at the Juan de Fuca hydrothermal vents SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; HYDROCARBON-SEEP MUSSEL; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; NORTH FIJI BASIN; WESTERN PACIFIC; BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONTS; BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; DUAL SYMBIOSIS; STABLE CARBON; SEA MUSSELS AB Until recently, the only major hydrothermal vent biogeographic province not known to include bathymodioline mussels was the spreading centers of the northeast Pacific, but deep-sea dives using DSV Alvin on the Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (47 degrees 56N 129 degrees 06W; similar to 2,200 m depth) in August 1999 yielded the only recorded bathymodioline mytilids from these northeastern Pacific vents. One specimen in good condition was evaluated for its relatedness to other deep-sea bathymodioline mussels and for the occurrence of chemoautotrophic and/or methanotrophic symbionts in the gills. Phylogenetic analyses of the host cytochrome oxidase I gene show this mussel shares evolutionary alliances with hydrothermal vent and cold seep mussels from the genus Bathymodiolus, and is distinct from other known species of deep-sea bathymodiolines, suggesting this mussel is a newly discovered species. Ultrastructural analyses of gill tissue revealed the presence of coccoid bacteria that lacked the intracellular membranes observed in methanotrophic symbionts. The bacteria may be extracellular but poor condition of the fixed tissue complicated conclusions regarding symbiont location. A single gamma-proteobacterial 16S rRNA sequence was amplified from gill tissue and directly sequenced from gill tissue. This sequence clusters with other mussel chemoautotrophic symbiont 16S rRNA sequences, which suggests a chemoautotrophic, rather than methanotrophic, symbiosis in this mussel. Stable carbon (delta(13)C = -26.6%) and nitrogen (delta(15)N = +5.19%) isotope ratios were also consistent with those reported for other chemoautotroph-mussel symbioses. Despite the apparent rarity of these mussels at the Juan de Fuca vent sites, this finding extends the range of the bathymodioline mussels to all hydrothermal vent biogeographic provinces studied to date. C1 Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, Dept Organ & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Cavanaugh, CM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, Dept Organ & Evolutionary Biol, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cavanaug@fas.harvard.edu RI Fisher, Charles/H-7912-2012 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 148 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00227-005-0065-7 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 980UN UT WOS:000233043800011 ER PT J AU Geesink, GH van der Palen, JGP Kent, MP Veiseth, E Hemke, G Koohmaraie, M AF Geesink, GH van der Palen, JGP Kent, MP Veiseth, E Hemke, G Koohmaraie, M TI Quantification of calpastatin using an optical surface plasmon resonance biosensor SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biosensor; calpastatin; tenderness ID REAL-TIME; IMMUNOBIOSENSOR; RESIDUES; MUSCLE; ASSAY; SITE; FOOD; PIGS AB An immunological biosensor for calpastatin was developed on a surface plasmon resonance based system (Biacore Q). The performance of the biosensor assay was evaluated using ovine and bovine muscle and heart extracts with known calpastatin activity. In addition, the relationship between immunologically detectable calpastatin at 1 day postmortem and shear force at 14 days postmortem was investigated for bovine longissimus dorsi. Calpastatin biosensor results for several experiments were linearly related to calpastatin activity measurements with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.99. The intra- and inter-assay CVs were <6% (n = 12). During postmortem storage, the amount of immunologically detectable calpastatin decreased faster than the inhibitory activity in the enzymatic assay. Probably, the epitope recognized by the antibody is degraded faster than the inhibitory sites of calpastatin during postmortem storage. Calpastatin content at 1 day postmortem was correlated to shear force at 14 days postmortem (r = 0.75). It is anticipated that developments in the near future will allow for at-line calpastatin determinations in beef plants. At present, the calpastatin biosensor assay appears suitable for research purposes where large numbers of samples need to be processed for breed evaluation or selection programs because this assay requires less labor than other methods. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CCL Res, NL-5460 AC Veghel, Netherlands. ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Geesink, GH (reprint author), CCL Res, POB 107, NL-5460 AC Veghel, Netherlands. EM geert.geesink@ccl.nl RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.04.037 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 965BD UT WOS:000231923800014 PM 22060930 ER PT J AU Labate, JA Baldo, AM AF Labate, JA Baldo, AM TI Tomato SNP discovery by EST mining and resequencing SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag; genetic diversity; Lycopersicon esculentum; molecular marker; single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP prediction ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; GENUS LYCOPERSICON; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DNA POLYMORPHISM; RESISTANCE GENES; SSR MARKERS; CULTIVARS; LOCUS; CHROMOSOME-1; VARIABILITY AB Many economically important crop species are relatively depauparate in genetic diversity (e.g., soybean, peanut, tomato). DNA polymorphism within cultivated tomato has been estimated to be low based on molecular markers. Through mining of more than 148,000 public tomato expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and full-length cDNAs, we identified 764 EST clusters with potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among more than 15 tomato lines. By sequencing regions from 53 of these clusters in two to three lines, we discovered a wealth of nucleotide polymorphism (62 SNPs and 12 indels in 21 Unigenes), resulting in a verification rate of 27.2% (28 of 103 SNPs predicted in EST clusters were verified). We hypothesize that five regions with 1.6-13-fold more diversity relative to other tested regions are associated with introgressions from wild relatives. Identifying polymorphic, expressed genes in the tomato genome will be useful for both tomato improvement and germplasm conservation. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Labate, JA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM JL265@cornell.edu NR 37 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s11032-005-1911-5 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 990JM UT WOS:000233739000008 ER PT J AU Skory, CD AF Skory, CD TI Inhibition of Non-Homologous End Joining and integration of DNA upon transformation of Rhizopus oryzae SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Rhizopus; transformation; gene replacement; integration ID STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; CELL-FREE-EXTRACTS; MOUSE L-CELLS; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AUTONOMOUS REPLICATION; MUCOR-CIRCINELLOIDES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE CONVERSION; PLASMID DNA AB Site-directed integration of DNA in the fungus Rhizopus has long been problematic because linearized plasmids used for transformation tend to replicate in high-molecular-weight concatenated structures, and rarely integrate into the chromosome. This work examines the methods that might interfere with the multimerization process, select against plasmids that had recircularized, and encourage strand invasion, hopefully leading to plasmid integration. In vitro methods were used to determine if the structure of the double-strand break had any effect on the ability to rejoin plasmid ends. In cell-free extracts, little difference in end-joining activity was found between linearized plasmids with 5' overhangs, 3' overhangs, or blunt ends. In addition, dephosphorylation of ends had no effect. Transformation of plasmids prepared in the same ways confirmed that they were easily religated in vivo, with almost all prototrophic isolates retaining autonomously replicated plasmids. It was possible to block religation by modifying the free ends of the linearized plasmids using oligonucleotide adapters which were blocked at the 3'-OH position and contained phosphorothioate nucleotides to make them nuclease-resistant. However, gene replacement, with repair of the auxotrophic mutation in the host chromosome, was the predominant event observed upon the transformation of these plasmids. The highest rates of integration were obtained with a plasmid containing a truncated, non-functional pyrG gene. Autonomous replication of this plasmid did not support prototrophic growth, but homologous recombination into the chromosome restored the function of the endogenous pyrG gene. All of the transformants obtained with this selective construct were found to have integrated the plasmid, with multicopy insertion being common. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Skory, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 274 IS 4 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s00438-005-0028-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 985LZ UT WOS:000233380500006 PM 16133163 ER PT J AU Park, YH Alabady, MS Ulloa, M Sickler, B Wilkins, TA Yu, J Stelly, DM Kohel, RJ El-Shihy, OM Cantrell, RG AF Park, YH Alabady, MS Ulloa, M Sickler, B Wilkins, TA Yu, J Stelly, DM Kohel, RJ El-Shihy, OM Cantrell, RG TI Genetic mapping of new cotton fiber loci using EST-derived microsatellites in an interspecific recombinant inbred line cotton population SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE cotton fiber transcriptome; complex sequence repeat; expressed sequence tag; Gossypium; simple sequence repeat ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; X GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; QTL ANALYSIS; CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT; GENOME ORGANIZATION; TANDEM REPEAT; LINKAGE MAPS; MARKERS; POLYMORPHISMS AB There is an immediate need for a high-density genetic map of cotton anchored with fiber genes to facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) for improved fiber traits. With this goal in mind, genetic mapping with a new set of microsatellite markers [comprising both simple (SSR) and complex (CSR) sequence repeat markers] was performed on 183 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the progeny of the interspecific cross Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. TM1 x Gossypium barbadense L. Pima 3-79. Microsatellite markers were developed using 1557 ESTs-containing SSRs (>= 10 bp) and 5794 EST-containing CSRs (>= 12 bp) obtained from similar to 14,000 consensus sequences derived from fiber ESTs generated from the cultivated diploid species Gossypium arboreum L. cv AKA8401. From a total of 1232 EST-derived SSR (MUSS) and CSR (MUCS) primer-pairs, 1019 (83%) successfully amplified PCR products from a survey panel of six Gossypium species; 202 (19.8%) were polymorphic between the G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. parents of the interspecific mapping population. Among these polymorphic markers, only 86 (42.6%) showed significant sequence homology to annotated genes with known function. The chromosomal locations of 36 microsatellites were associated with 14 chromosomes and/or 13 chromosome arms of the cotton genome by hypoaneuploid deficiency analysis, enabling us to assign genetic linkage groups (LG) to specific chromosomes. The resulting genetic map consists of 193 loci, including 121 new fiber loci not previously mapped. These fiber loci were mapped to 19 chromosomes and 11 LG spanning 1277 cM, providing approximately 27% genome coverage. Preliminary quantitative trait loci analysis suggested that chromosomes 2, 3, 15, and 18 may harbor genes for traits related to fiber quality. These new PCR-based microsatellite markers derived from cotton fiber ESTs will facilitate the development of a high-resolution integrated genetic map of cotton for structural and functional study of fiber genes and MAS of genes that enhance fiber quality. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Enhancement Program, WCIS Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. Sakata Seed Amer Inc, Dept Biotechnol, Salinas, CA 93907 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cairo Univ, Fac Agr, Plant Biotechnol Res Lab, Cairo, Egypt. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Ulloa, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Enhancement Program, WCIS Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM mulloa@pw.ars.usda.gov OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 59 TC 113 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 274 IS 4 BP 428 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s00438-005-0037-0 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 985LZ UT WOS:000233380500012 PM 16187061 ER PT J AU Tosa, Y Osue, J Eto, Y Oh, HS Nakayashiki, H Mayama, S Leong, SA AF Tosa, Y Osue, J Eto, Y Oh, HS Nakayashiki, H Mayama, S Leong, SA TI Evolution of an avirulence gene, AVR1-CO39, concomitant with the evolution and differentiation of Magnaporthe oryzae SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RICE BLAST FUNGUS; HOST SPECIES-SPECIFICITY; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; PATHOGEN; POPULATION; VIRULENCE; LOCUS; RETROTRANSPOSON; PHILIPPINES; SEQUENCES AB The significance of AVR1-CO39, an avirulence gene of the blast fungus corresponding to Pi-CO39(t) in rice cultivars, during the evolution and differentiation of the blast fungus was evaluated by studying its function and distribution in Pyricularia spp. When the presence or absence of AVR1-C039 was plotted on a dendrogram constructed from ribosomal DNA sequences, a perfect parallelism was observed between its distribution and the phylogeny of Pyricularia isolates. AVR1-CO39 homologs were exclusively present in one species, Pyricularia oryzae, suggesting that AVR1-CO39 appeared during the early stage of evolution of P. oryzae. Transformation assays showed that all the cloned homologs tested are functional as an avirulence gene, indicating that selection has maintained their function. Nevertheless, Oryza isolates (isolates virulent on Oryza spp.) in P oryzae were exceptionally noncarriers of AVR1-CO39. All Oryza isolates suffered from one of the two types of known rearrangements at the Avr1-CO39 locus (i.e., G type and J type). These types were congruous to the two major lineages of Oryza isolates from Japan determined by MGR586 and MAGGY. These results indicate that AVR1-CO39 was lost during the early stage of evolution of the Oryza-specific subgroup of P oryzae. Interestingly, its corresponding resistance gene, Pi-CO39(t), is not widely distributed in Oryza spp. C1 Kobe Univ, Fac Agr, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 9578501, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tosa, Y (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Fac Agr, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 9578501, Japan. EM tosayuki@kobe-u.ac.jp RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1148 EP 1160 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-1148 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 976SY UT WOS:000232754800004 PM 16353550 ER PT J AU Zou, JJ Rodriguez-Zas, S Aldea, M Li, M Zhu, J Gonzalez, DO Vodkin, LO DeLucia, E Clough, SJ AF Zou, JJ Rodriguez-Zas, S Aldea, M Li, M Zhu, J Gonzalez, DO Vodkin, LO DeLucia, E Clough, SJ TI Expression profiling soybean response to Pseudomonas syringae reveals new defense-related genes and rapid HR-specific downregulation of photosynthesis SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE compatible; genomic; incompatible; oxidative burst ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; GLYCINE-MAX L; AVIRULENCE GENES; REACTIVE OXYGEN; PV GLYCINEA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE AB Transcript profiling during susceptible (S) and hypersensitive response-associated resistance (R) interactions was determined in soybean (Glycine max). Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea carrying or lacking the avirulence gene avrB, was infiltrated into cultivar Williams 82. Leaf RNA was sampled at 2, 8, and 24 h postinoculation (hpi). Significant changes in transcript abundance were observed for 3,897 genes during the experiment at P <= 0.000005. Many of the genes showed a similar direction of increase or decrease in abundance in both the S and R responses, but the R response generally showed a significantly greater degree of differential expression. More than 25% of these responsive genes had not been previously reported as being associated with pathogen interactions, as 704 had no functional annotation and 378 had no homolog in National Center for Biotechnology Information databases. The highest number of transcriptional changes was noted at 8 hpi, including the downregulation of 94 chloroplast-associated genes specific to the R response. Photosynthetic measurements were consistent with an R-specific reduction in photosystem II operating efficiency (Phi(PSII)) that was apparent at 8 hpi for the R response with little effect in the S or control treatments. Imaging analyses suggest that the decreased Phi(PSII) was a result of physical damage to PSII reaction centers. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Clough, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sjclough@uiuc.edu RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011 NR 67 TC 113 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1161 EP 1174 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-1161 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 976SY UT WOS:000232754800005 PM 16353551 ER PT J AU Posada, F Vega, FE AF Posada, F Vega, FE TI Establishment of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota : Hypocreales) as an endophyte in cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biological control; cacao; cocoa pod borer; Conopomorpha; entomopathogens; insect pathogens ID CONOPOMORPHA-CRAMERELLA SNELLEN; POD BORER; SABAH; LEPIDOPTERA; MALAYSIA AB The fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana became established as an endophyte in in vitro-grown cocoa seedlings tested for LIP to 2 mo after inoculation to the radicle with B. bassiana suspensions. The fungus was recovered in Culture from stems, leaves and roots. B. bassiana also was detected as an epiphyte 1 and 2 mo postinoculation. Penicillium oxalicum and five bacterial morphospecies also were detected, indicating that these were present as endophytes in the seed. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vegaf@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 22 TC 57 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 21 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1200 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.6.1195 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 042JS UT WOS:000237524800004 PM 16722213 ER PT J AU Chaverri, P Bischoff, JF Liu, M Hodge, KT AF Chaverri, P Bischoff, JF Liu, M Hodge, KT TI A new species of Hypocrella, H-macrostroma, and its phylogenetic relationships to other species with large stromata SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; SETS AB Two specimens of a new species of Hypocrella with large stromata were collected in Bolivia and Costa Rica. The morphology of the new species, H. macrostroma sp. nov., was compared with that of other species with large stromata, i.e. H africana, H. gaertneriana, and H. schizostachyi. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences from three genes, large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha), and RNA polymerase II subunit 1 (RPB1), were conducted to determine the relationships of the new species to other species of Hypocrella/ Aschersonia. Phylogenetic analyses show that H. macrostroma belongs to a strongly supported clade that includes H. africana, H. schizostachyi, and Aschersonia insperata, whereas other Hypocrella species belong to two sister clades. Hypocrella macrostroma is described and illustrated, and a lectotype is designated for H. gaertneriana. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. RP Chaverri, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM priscila@nt.ars-grin.gov OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 109 BP 1268 EP 1275 DI 10.1017/S0953756205003904 PN 11 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 979UU UT WOS:000232971300009 PM 16279420 ER PT J AU Tartar, A Shapiro, AM Scharf, DW Boucias, DG AF Tartar, A Shapiro, AM Scharf, DW Boucias, DG TI Differential expression of chitin synthase (CHS) and glucan synthase (FKS) genes correlates with the formation of a modified, thinner cell wall in in vivo-produced Beauveria bassiana cells SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AY743592; AY743593; CF350282; dimorphism; fungal cell wall; host-pathogen interactions ID 1,3-BETA-D-GLUCAN SYNTHASE; PARACOCCIDIOIDES-BRASILIENSIS; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; PATHOGENIC FUNGUS; PROTEIN; ENCODES; BINDING; CLONING; HOMOLOG; LECTIN AB During infection (in vivo), the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana produces yeast-like cells that are surrounded by modified cell walls. These modifications have been related to the fungus ability to limit recognition by the host defense system. The composition of the in vivo cell wall was analyzed using a combination of cytochemical and molecular techniques. The in vivo cell walls still contained both chitin and 1,3-beta-glucan, but they were significantly thinner than in vitro cell walls (50-60 nm versus 100-160 nm, respectively). The difference in cell wall thickness was correlated with transcriptional regulation of cell wall-related genes: quantitative RT-PCR reactions demonstrated that B. bassiana chitin synthase (CHS) and glucan synthase (FKS) genes are down regulated in vivo. These analyses indicate that in vivo-triggered phenotypic modifications, including cell wall adjustments, are controlled by molecular mechanisms that include regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Boucias, DG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 970 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dgboucias@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 2005 VL 160 IS 4 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s11046-005-0134-y PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 977HT UT WOS:000232794800007 PM 16244899 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, AE Dunham, JB AF Rosenberger, AE Dunham, JB TI Validation of abundance estimates from mark-recapture and removal techniques for rainbow trout captured by electrofishing in small streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMO-TRUTTA L; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH ABUNDANCE; BROWN TROUT; SIZE; ALTERNATIVES; LIMITATIONS AB Estimation of fish abundance in streams using the removal model or the Lincoln-Peterson mark-recapture model is a common practice in fisheries. These models produce misleading results it their assumptions are violated. We evaluated the assumptions of these two models via electrofishing of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in central Idaho streams. For one-, two-, three, and four-pasq sampling effort in closed sites, we evaluated the influences of fish size and habitat characteristics on sampling efficiency and the accuracy of removal abundance estimates. We also examined the use of models to generate unbiased estimates of fish abundance through adjustment of total catch or biased removal estimates. Our results suggested that the assumptions of the mark-recapture model were satisfied and that abundance estimates based on this approach were unbiased. In contrast, the removal model assumptions were not met, Decreasing sampling efficiencies over removal passes resulted in underestimated Population sizes and overestimates of sampling efficiency. This bias decreased, but was not eliminated, with increased sampling effort. Biased removal estimates based on different levels of effort were highly correlated with each other but were less correlated with unbiased mark-recapture estimates. Stream size decreased sampling efficiency, and stream size and instream wood increased the negative bias of removal estimates. We found that reliable estimate of population abundance Could be obtained from models of sampling efficiency for different levels of effort. Validation of abundance estimates requires extra attention to routine sampling considerations but can help fisheries biologists avoid pitfalls associated with biased data and facilitate standardized comparisons among studies that employ different sampling methods. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Idaho, Boise Ctr, Coll Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res,Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Rosenberger, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM arosenberger@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1395 EP 1410 DI 10.1577/M04-081.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800021 ER PT J AU Shepard, BB May, BE Urie, W AF Shepard, BB May, BE Urie, W TI Status and conservation of westslope cutthroat trout within the western United States SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNITS; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; HYBRIDIZATION; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; STREAMS; RANGE AB We describe the historical and current distributions and genetic status of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisii (WCT) throughout its range in the western United States using data and expert opinion provided by fish managers. Westslope cutthroat trout historically Occupied 90,800 km and Currently occupy 54,600 km; however, these are probably underestimates due to the large-scale (1: 100,000) mapping we used. Genetic analyses found no evidence of genetic introgression in 768 samples (58% of samples tested), but the numbers of individuals tested per sample were variable and sample sites were not randomly selected. Approximately 42% of the stream length occupied by WCT is protected by stringent land use restrictions in national parks (2%), wilderness areas (19%) and roadless areas (21 %). A total of 563 WCT populations (39,355 kin) are being managed as "conservation populations." and while most (457, or 81%) conservation populations were relatively small, isolated populations, large and interconnected metapopulations occupied Much more stream length (34,820 km or 88%). While conservation populations were distributed throughout the historical range (occupying 67 of 70 historical]), Occupied basins), they were much denser at the core than at the fringes. From the information provided we determined that conserving isolated populations (for their genetic integrity and isolation from normative competitors and disease) and metapopulations (for their diverse life histories and resistance to demographic extinction) is reasonable. We conclude that while the distribution of WCT has declined dramatically from historical levels, as a Subspecies WCT are not currently at imminent risk of extinction because (1) they are still widely distributed, especially in areas protected by stringent land use restrictions: (2) many populations are isolated by physical barriers from invasion by normative fish and disease; and (3) the active conservation of many populations is occurring. C1 Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. US Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Shepard, BB (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM bshepard@montana.edu NR 66 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1426 EP 1440 DI 10.1577/M05-004.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800023 ER PT J AU Eitam, A Blaustein, L Mangel, M AF Eitam, A Blaustein, L Mangel, M TI Density and intercohort priority effects on larval Salamandra salamandra in temporary pools SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cannibalism; density dependence; fire salamander; intraspecific competition; temporary ponds ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; EXPERIMENTAL POND COMMUNITIES; BODY-SIZE; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; OVIPOSITION SITE; FIELD EXPERIMENT; AGE CLASSES AB Priority effects, i.e., effects of an early cohort on the performance of a later cohort, are generally studied between, and not within, species. The paucity of intraspecific assessments does not reflect a lack of ecological importance, but the technical problem associated with differentiating between conspecific cohorts. Here, we examine priority and density-dependent effects on larval Salamandra salamandra infraimmaculata. Larvae deposited by their mother early in the season have increased risk of desiccation, as rains at the beginning of the season are less frequent and unpredictable. However, breeding later may incur a high cost through conspecific priority effects, including cannibalism and competition. In an outdoor artificial pool experiment, we established densities of 0, 1, 2, 4 or 6 newly born larvae per pool (similar to 30 l), and 40 days later, added a second cohort of three newly born larvae to each pool. We differentiated between cohorts using natural individual-specific markings. For the early cohort, increasing density decreased survival and size at metamorphosis, and increased time to metamorphosis. For the late cohort, survival was 100% in pools without early-cohort larvae, but ranged between 13 and 33% in the presence of early-cohort larvae. Time to metamorphosis was significantly longer in the presence of low vs high densities of early-cohort larvae. Results suggest that early-cohort larvae are mainly subjected to exploitative competition and cannibalism mediated by food limitation, and that late-cohort larvae are subjected to cannibalism and interference due to size asymmetry between cohorts. The strong priority effects suggest that Salamandra females could increase their fitness by adjusting the number of larvae they deposit in specific pools to avoid cannibalism and intraspecific competition. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Haifa, Fac Sci & Sci Educ, Inst Evolut, Community Ecol Lab, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. RP Eitam, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM eitam@yahoo.com NR 65 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0185-2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977HZ UT WOS:000232795400004 PM 16133198 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Russell, WK Coast, GM Russell, DH Predel, R AF Nachman, RJ Russell, WK Coast, GM Russell, DH Predel, R TI Mass spectrometric assignment of Leu/Ile in neuropeptides from single neurohemal organ preparations of insects SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry; insect; neuropeptide; periviscerokinin; CAP2b; Musca domestica; Neobellieria bullata; peptidomics ID ABDOMINAL PERISYMPATHETIC ORGANS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; NEOBELLIERIA-BULLATA; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; DIURETIC ACTIVITY; TOBACCO HAWKMOTH; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; MANDUCA-SEXTA; FLESH FLY AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) tandem mass spectrometry has been applied for the first time on an insect/arthropod target, focusing on PVK/CAP2b neuropeptides in the housefly Musca domestica and flesh fly Neobellieria bullata. The peptidomic analysis of single neurohemal organ preparations allows the unambiguous assignment of internal Leu/Ile positions not distinguishable by previous mass spectrometric techniques. The confirmation of side-chain fragments which allows assignment of Leu/Ile even from samples as small as neurohemal organs will greatly accelerate the identification of novel neuropeptides that are implicated in the regulation of critical physiological, processes in insects. The unnatural Ile analog is 4.5 times more active than the native Leu sequence in a housefly Malpighian tubule fluid secretion assay; which reinforces the caveat that potency values in a biological Assay cannot be relied upon to predict the native sequence. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. Saxon Acad Sci, Res Grp Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR019587] NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD NOV PY 2005 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2151 EP 2156 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.04.024 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 985JI UT WOS:000233373100015 PM 16039754 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Tabanca, N Kirimer, N Demirci, B Baser, KHC Khan, IA Spiers, JM Wedge, DE AF Sampson, BJ Tabanca, N Kirimer, N Demirci, B Baser, KHC Khan, IA Spiers, JM Wedge, DE TI Insecticidal activity of 23 essential oils and their major compounds against adult Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Aphididae : Homoptera) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopesticides; natural products; Brassicaceae; bioassay; phenylpropanoids ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; SPODOPTERA-LITURA; TOBACCO CUTWORM; THRIPS-TABACI; PIMPINELLA AB Essential oils from 23 species of plants comprising 14 genera and 4 plant families were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation. The major compounds in these essential oils were identified with GC-MS and their insecticidal activity against adult turnip aphids, Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis), tested with dosage-mortality bioassays. We examined mortality only for viviparous adults because sizeable aphid populations on crucifer (Brassicaceae) hosts are largely produced by these wingless, parthenogenic females. Twenty-two of the oils were directly applied to aphid females in randomized blocks at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg ml(-1). Essential oils mixed with a non-toxic emulsifying agent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), more easily penetrated the waxy insect cuticle. Probit analysis and LC50 at three different exposures showed aphids were quickly incapacitated and killed by aliphatic aldehydes, phenols and monocyclic terpenes contained in Bifora and Satureja oils and at applied concentrations as low as 0.3 to 1.0 mg ml(-1). Only enough Pimpinella isaurica oil and its three phenylpropanoid fractions were available for testing at a single concentration of 10 mg ml(-1). We could not spare any additional P. isaurica oil for testing at other concentrations. Phenylpropanoids isolated from P. isaurica oil when recombined or left naturally blended in the oil were highly bioactive against L. pseudobrassicae at 10 mg ml(-1). (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res,Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Anadolu Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, Fac Pharm, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res,Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dwedge@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 NR 34 TC 53 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1122 EP 1128 DI 10.1002/ps.1100 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 975QE UT WOS:000232676200013 PM 16075408 ER PT J AU Brewer, CK Winne, JC Redmond, RL Opitz, DW Mangrich, MV AF Brewer, CK Winne, JC Redmond, RL Opitz, DW Mangrich, MV TI Classifying and mapping wildfire severity: A comparison of methods SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LODGEPOLE PINE STANDS; BURNING TREATMENTS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; CONVERSION AB This study evaluates six different approaches to classifying and mapping fire severity using multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper data. The six approaches tested include: two based on temporal image differencing and ratioing between pre-fire and post-fire images, two based on principal component analysis of pre- and post-fire imagery, and two based on artificial neural networks, one using just post-fire imagery and the other both pre- and post-fire imagery. Our results demonstrated the potential value for any of these methods to provide quantitative fire severity maps, but one of the image differencing methods (ND4/7) provided a flexible, robust, and analytically simple approach that could be applied anywhere in the Continental U.S. Based on the results of this test, the ND4/7 was implemented operationally to classify and map fire severity over 1.2 million hectares burned in the Northern Rocky Mountains and Northern Great Plains during the 2000 fire season, as well as the 2001 fire season (Gmelin and Brewer, 2002). Approximately the same procedure was adopted in 2001 by the USDA Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center to produce Burned Area Reflectance Classifications for national-level support of Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation activities (Orlemann, 2002). C1 USDA, Forestry Serv, Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Comp Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Brewer, CK (reprint author), USDA, Forestry Serv, Sensing Applicat Ctr, 2222 W 2300 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM kbrewer@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1311 EP 1320 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 981LS UT WOS:000233090700010 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KA Schrader, KK Wedge, DE Duke, SO AF Meepagala, KA Schrader, KK Wedge, DE Duke, SO TI Algicidal and antifungal compounds from the roots of Ruta graveolens and synthesis of their analogs SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ruta graveolens; rutaceae; Oscillatoria perornata; Selenastrum capricornutum; algicide; fungicide; acridone alkaloids; Collelotrichum fragariae; C gloeosporioides; C acutatum; Botrytis cinearea; Fusarium oxysporium ID ACRIDONE ALKALOID GLUCOSIDES; POTENTIAL ALLELOCHEMICALS; PSOROSPERMUM-FEBRIFUGUM; RUTACRIDONE-EPOXIDE; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; NATURAL SUBSTANCES; ESSENTIAL OIL; TUBAIC ACID; ACCUMULATION; L. AB Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of Ruta graveolens roots yielded rutacridone epoxide with potent selective algicidal activity towards the 2-methyl-isoborneol (MIB)-producing blue-green alga Oscillatoria perornata, with relatively little effect on the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. The diol-analog of rutacridone epoxide, gravacridondiol, which was also present in the same extract, had significantly less activity towards O. perornata. Rutacridone epoxide also showed significantly higher activity than commercial fungicides captan and benomyl in our micro-bioassay against the agriculturally important pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum fragariae, C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, and Botrytis cineara and Fusarium oxysporium. Rutacridone epoxide is reported as a direct-acting mutagen, precluding its use as an agrochemical. In order to understand the structure-activity relationships and to develop new potential biocides without toxicity and mutagenicity, some analogs containing the (2-methyloxiranyl)-dihydrobenzofuran moiety with an epoxide were synthesized and tested. None of the synthetic analogs showed comparable activities to rutacridone epoxide. The absolute stereochemistry of rutacridone was determined to be 2'(R) and that of rutacridone epoxide to be 2'(R), 3'(R) by CD and NMR analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Meepagala, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kmeepaga@olemiss.edu NR 34 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 22 BP 2689 EP 2695 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.019 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 989OT UT WOS:000233684200010 PM 16271733 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Reeser, PW Stone, JK AF Manter, DK Reeser, PW Stone, JK TI A climate-based model for predicting geographic variation in Swiss needle cast severity in the Oregon Coast Range SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; Douglas-fir; epidemiology; fungal pathogen; modeling ID PHAEOCRYPTOPUS-GAEUMANNII COLONIZATION; DOUGLAS-FIR; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SYMPTOM SEVERITY; DISEASE; PLANTATIONS; IMPACT AB Since the early 1990s, Swiss needle cast disease caused by Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii has been increasing in Douglas-fir plantations in the Oregon Coast Range. Considerable variation in disease severity across the affected area often has been noted. We investigated the influence of site microclimate on fungal colonization as a basis for this variation with a combination of seedling inoculation and field studies. Development of P. gaeumannii ascocarps on inoculated seedlings subjected to mist, irrigation, and shading treatments was followed for 10 months. Contrary to expectations, numbers of ascocarps on foliage were negatively correlated with shade and mist and positively correlated with temperature. Numbers of ascocarps on foliage, site temperature, and leaf wetness were monitored over 5 years at nine field sites in the Oregon Coast Range. Factors most highly correlated with ascocarp, abundance were winter mean daily temperature and spring cumulative leaf wetness. Predictive models for disease severity on the basis of these correlations were tested against disease and climate data measured at field sites during 2003-2004. A temperature-based disease prediction model was developed in combination with geographical information systems (GIS)-linked climate databases to estimate disease levels across a portion of the Oregon Coast Range. This model can be used for hypothesis testing and as a decision support tool for forest managers. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1256 EP 1265 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1256 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EW UT WOS:000232857400002 PM 18943355 ER PT J AU Pilet-Nayel, ML Muehlbauer, FJ McGee, RJ Kraft, JM Baranger, A Coyne, CJ AF Pilet-Nayel, ML Muehlbauer, FJ McGee, RJ Kraft, JM Baranger, A Coyne, CJ TI Consistent quantitative trait loci in pea for partial resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches isolates from the United States and France SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pisum sativum ID BROAD-SPECTRUM; ROOT-ROT; BLIGHT RESISTANCE; PISUM-SATIVUM; QTLS; BARLEY; VIRULENCE; SELECTION; PLANTS AB Development of pea cultivars resistant to Aphanomyces root rot, the most destructive root disease of pea worldwide, is a major disease management objective. In a previous study of a mapping population of 127 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross 'Puget' (susceptible) x '90-2079' (partially resistant), we identified seven genomic regions, including a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), Aph1, associated with partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in U.S. fields (21). The objective of the present study was to evaluate, in the same mapping population. the specificity versus consistency of Aphanomyces resistance QTL under two screening conditions (greenhouse and field, by comparison with the previous Study) and with two isolates of Aphanomyces euteiches originating from the United States and France. The 127 RILs were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to pure culture isolates SP7 (United States) and Ae106 (France). Using the genetic map previously described, a total of 10 QTL were identified for resistance in greenhouse conditions to the two isolates. Among these were Aph1, Aph2, and Aph3, previously detected for partial field resistance in the United States. Aph1 and Aph3 were detected with both isolates and Aph2 with only the French isolate. Seven additional QTL were specifically detected with one of the two isolates and were not identified for partial field resistance in the United States. The consistency of the detected resistance QTL over two screening environments and isolates is discussed with regard to pathogen variability, and disease assessment and QTL detection methods. This study suggests the usefulness of three consistent QTL, Aph1 Aph2,. and Aph3, for marker-assisted selection. C1 INRA, UMR, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Seneca Foods Corp, Agr Res Dept, Dayton, WA 99328 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pilet-Nayel, ML (reprint author), INRA, UMR, AgroCampus Rennes,BP 35327, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. EM Marie-Laure.Pilet@rennes.inra.fr NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1287 EP 1293 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1287 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EW UT WOS:000232857400006 PM 18943359 ER PT J AU Kaminski, JE Dernoeden, PH O'Neill, NR AF Kaminski, JE Dernoeden, PH O'Neill, NR TI Environmental influences on the release of Ophiosphaerella agrostis ascospores under controlled and field conditions SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turfgrass ID BENTGRASS DEAD SPOT; VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; LEPTOSPHAERIA-MACULANS; WETNESS DURATION; TEMPERATURE; DISCHARGE; INFECTION; GERMINATION; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS AB Ophiosphaerella agrostis, the causal agent of dead spot of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), can produce prodigious numbers of pseudothecia and ascospores throughout the summer. The environmental conditions and seasonal timings associated with O. agrostis ascospore release are unknown. The objectives of this research were to (i) determine the influence of light and relative humidity on ascospore release in a controlled environment, (ii) document the seasonal and daily discharge patterns of ascospores in the field, and (iii) elucidate environmental conditions that promote ascospore release under field conditions. In a growth chamber, a sharp decrease (100 to approximate to 50%; 25 degrees C) in relative humidity resulted in a rapid (1- to 3-h) discharge of ascospores, regardless of whether pseudothecia were incubated in constant light or dark. In the field, daily ascospore release increased between 1900 and 2300 h and again between 0700 and 1000 It local time. The release of ascospores occurred primarily during the early morning hours when relative humidity was decreasing and the canopy began to dry, or during evening hours when relative humidity was low and dew began to form. Few ascospores were released between I 100 and 1800 It when the bentgrass canopy was dry. The release of ascospores also was triggered by precipitation. Of the ascospores collected during precipitation events, 87% occurred within 10 h of the beginning of each event. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kaminski, JE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM john.kaminski@uconn.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1356 EP 1362 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1356 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EW UT WOS:000232857400014 PM 18943368 ER PT J AU Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jaynes, JM Cleveland, TE AF Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jaynes, JM Cleveland, TE TI Disease resistance conferred by the expression of a gene encoding a synthetic peptide in transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; disease resistance; mycotoxin; synthetic peptide; transgenic cotton ID SYRINGAE PV TABACI; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; ENHANCED RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO; TOBACCO; PATHOGENS; ATTACIN; GENOME; ANALOG; D4E1 AB Fertile, transgenic cotton plants expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide, D4E1, were produced through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR products and Southern blots confirmed integration of the D4E1 gene, while RT-PCR of cotton RNA confirmed the presence of D4E1 transcripts. In vitro assays with crude leaf protein extracts from T0 and T1 plants confirmed that D4E1 was expressed at sufficient levels to inhibit the growth of Fusarium verticillioides and Verticillium dahliae compared to extracts from negative control plants transformed with pBI-d35S Omega-uidA-nos (CGUS). Although in vitro assays did not show control of pre-germinated spores of Aspergillus flavus, bioassays with cotton seeds in situ or in planta, inoculated with a GFP-expressing A. flavus, indicated that the transgenic cotton seeds inhibited extensive colonization and spread by the fungus in cotyledons and seed coats. In planta assays with the fungal pathogen, Thielaviopsis basicola, which causes black root rot in cotton, showed typical symptoms such as black discoloration and constriction on hypocotyls, reduced branching of roots in CGUS negative control T1 seedlings, while transgenic T1 seedlings showed a significant reduction in disease symptoms and increased seedling fresh weight, demonstrating tolerance to the fungal pathogen. Significant advantages of synthetic peptides in developing transgenic crop plants that are resistant to diseases and mycotoxin-causing fungal pathogens are highlighted in this report. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Kennesaw State Univ, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM krajah@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 3 IS 6 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00145.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 973QL UT WOS:000232537600001 PM 17147626 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, M Tenaillon, MI Bi, IV Schroeder, SG Sanchez-Villeda, H Doebley, JF Gaut, BS McMullen, MD AF Yamasaki, M Tenaillon, MI Bi, IV Schroeder, SG Sanchez-Villeda, H Doebley, JF Gaut, BS McMullen, MD TI A large-scale screen for artificial selection in maize identifies candidate agronomic loci for domestication and crop improvement SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; SSP MAYS L.; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION-GENETICS; ARABIDOPSIS-LYRATA; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GENOME SEQUENCE; FLOWERING TIME; DIVERSITY AB Maize (Zea mays subsp mays) was domesticated from teosinte (Z. mays subsp parviglumis) through a single domestication event in southern Mexico between 6000 and 9000 years ago. This domestication event resulted in the original maize landrace varieties, which were spread throughout the Americas by Native Americans and adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. Starting with landraces, 20th century plant breeders selected inbred lines of maize for use in hybrid maize production. Both domestication and crop improvement involved selection of specific alleles at genes controlling key morphological and agronomic traits, resulting in reduced genetic diversity relative to unselected genes. Here, we sequenced 1095 maize genes from a sample of 14 inbred lines and chose 35 genes with zero sequence diversity as potential targets of selection. These 35 genes were then sequenced in a sample of diverse maize landraces and teosintes and tested for selection. Using two statistical tests, we identified eight candidate genes. Extended gene sequencing of these eight candidate loci confirmed that six were selected throughout the gene, and the remaining two exhibited evidence of selection in the 39 portion of each gene. The selected genes have functions consistent with agronomic selection for nutritional quality, maturity, and productivity. Our large-scale screen for artificial selection allows identification of genes of potential agronomic importance even when gene function and the phenotype of interest are unknown. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Ferme Moulon, Stn Genet Vegetale, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mcmullenm@missouri.edu NR 56 TC 157 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2859 EP 2872 DI 10.1105/tpc.105.037242 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 980CO UT WOS:000232991700004 PM 16227451 ER PT J AU Ivashuta, S Liu, JY Liu, JQ Lohar, DP Haridas, S Bucciarelli, B VandenBosch, KA Vance, CP Harrison, MJ Gantt, JS AF Ivashuta, S Liu, JY Liu, JQ Lohar, DP Haridas, S Bucciarelli, B VandenBosch, KA Vance, CP Harrison, MJ Gantt, JS TI RNA interference identifies a calcium-dependent protein kinase involved in Medicago truncatula root development SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS; RHIZOGENES-TRANSFORMED ROOTS; ACTIN-DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR; PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CELL-WALL; OXIDATIVE BURST; MICROARRAY DATA; GROWTH; TRANSDUCTION AB Changes in cellular or subcellular Ca2+ concentrations play essential roles in plant development and in the responses of plants to their environment. However, the mechanisms through which Ca2+ acts, the downstream signaling components, as well as the relationships among the various Ca2+-dependent processes remain largely unknown. Using an RNA interference-based screen for gene function in Medicago truncatula, we identified a gene that is involved in root development. Silencing Ca2+-dependent protein kinase1 (CDPK1), which is predicted to encode a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, resulted in significantly reduced root hair and root cell lengths. Inactivation of CDPK1 is also associated with significant diminution of both rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiotic colonization. Additionally, microarray analysis revealed that silencing CDPK1 alters cell wall and defense-related gene expression. We propose that M. truncatula CDPK1 is a key component of one or more signaling pathways that directly or indirectly modulates cell expansion or cell wall synthesis, possibly altering defense gene expression and symbiotic interactions. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gantt, JS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gantt001@tc.umn.edu NR 59 TC 99 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2911 EP 2921 DI 10.1105/tpc.105.035394 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 980CO UT WOS:000232991700008 PM 16199614 ER PT J AU Alba, R Payton, P Fei, ZJ McQuinn, R Debbie, P Martin, GB Tanksley, SD Giovannoni, JJ AF Alba, R Payton, P Fei, ZJ McQuinn, R Debbie, P Martin, GB Tanksley, SD Giovannoni, JJ TI Transcriptome and selected metabolite analyses reveal multiple points of ethylene control during tomato fruit development SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; NEVER-RIPE; POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; BETA-CAROTENE; CDNA; ARABIDOPSIS; CLONING AB Transcriptome profiling via cDNA microarray analysis identified 869 genes that are differentially expressed in developing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pericarp. Parallel phenotypic and targeted metabolite comparisons were employed to inform the expression analysis. Transcript accumulation in tomato fruit was observed to be extensively coordinated and often completely dependent on ethylene. Mutation of an ethylene receptor (Never-ripe [Nr]), which reduces ethylene sensitivity and inhibits ripening, alters the expression of 37% of these 869 genes. Nr also influences fruit morphology, seed number, ascorbate accumulation, carotenoid biosynthesis, ethylene evolution, and the expression of many genes during fruit maturation, indicating that ethylene governs multiple aspects of development both prior to and during fruit ripening in tomato. Of the 869 genes identified, 628 share homology (E-value <= 1 x 10(-10)) with known gene products or known protein domains. Of these 628 loci, 72 share homology with previously described signal transduction or transcription factors, suggesting complex regulatory control. These results demonstrate multiple points of ethylene regulatory control during tomato fruit development and provide new insights into the molecular basis of ethylene-mediated ripening. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu RI Martin, Gregory/F-6262-2011 OI Martin, Gregory/0000-0003-0044-6830 NR 63 TC 290 Z9 300 U1 7 U2 72 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2954 EP 2965 DI 10.1105/tpc.105.036053 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 980CO UT WOS:000232991700011 PM 16243903 ER PT J AU Anderson, JA Kolmer, JA AF Anderson, JA Kolmer, JA TI Rust control in glyphosate tolerant wheat following application of the herbicide glyphosate SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE induced resistance; Puccinia recondita f. sp tritici; transient resistance ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; F-SP TRITICI; GLYCINE-MAX; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; PREHARVEST APPLICATIONS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; ROOT COLONIZATION; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; METABOLITE AMPA; IN-VITRO AB In greenhouse and field trials, transgenically modified wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes with tolerance to glyphosate had extremely low infection types to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina when treated with a labeled rate of the herbicide glyphosate prior to inoculation with leaf rust. A surfactant solution and a nonglyphosate herbicide had no effect on leaf rust development on the glyphosate tolerant wheat. Glyphosate had a systemic effect in reducing leaf rust development. The leaf rust control by glyphosate decreased with reduced application rates and longer periods of time between glyphosate application and leaf rust infections. The field and greenhouse tests indicated that control of leaf rust in wheat conditioned by glyphosate is transitory and is effective for at least 21, but not more than 35, days after application. Application of glyphosate also reduced infection types on wheat caused by the stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Given these results and evidence from the literature that glyphosate can have adverse effects on other pathogens, including other rust fungi, additional investigation of the fungicidal properties of glyphosate are warranted, with particular attention to the timing of glyphosate application relative to fungal infection. The effects of glyphosate on the soybean rust fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, an emerging pathogen in North America, merit immediate investigation. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 37 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1136 EP 1142 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1136 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EY UT WOS:000232857600001 ER PT J AU Horst, LE Locke, J Krause, CR McMahon, RW Madden, LV Hoitink, HAJ AF Horst, LE Locke, J Krause, CR McMahon, RW Madden, LV Hoitink, HAJ TI Suppression of botrytis blight of begonia by Trichoderma hamatum 382 in peat and compost-amended potting mixes SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Begonia hiemalis; biological control; ISR; marginal effects analysis ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM T39; RHIZOCTONIA DAMPING-OFF; PYTHIUM ROOT-ROT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DISEASE SUPPRESSION; ULOCLADIUM-ATRUM; GREY MOLD; CINEREA AB Inoculation of an industry standard light sphagnum peat potting mix with Trichoderma hamatum 382 (T382) significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the severity of Botrytis blight, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on begonia plants grown in a greenhouse. In data combined from three experiments, the degree of control provided by T382 did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) from that provided by weekly topical sprays with chlorothalonil. In addition, T382 significantly (P = 0.05) increased shoot dry weight and salability of flowering plants. Incorporation of composted cow manure (5% vol/vol) into the light peat mix also significantly (P = 0.05) decreased blight severity while shoot dry weight and salability were increased. Blight severity on plants in this compost mix did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) from that on those in the light peat mix inoculated with T382. Finally, T382 and chlorothalonil did not significantly (P = 0.05) affect blight severity, shoot dry weight, or salability of plants grown in the compost mix. Spatial separation was maintained in begonias between the biocontrol agent T382 and the pathogen. It was concluded, therefore, that the decrease in disease severity provided by inoculation of the peat mix with T382 most likely was due to systemic resistance induced in begonia against Botrytis blight. The suppressive effect of the compost mix against Botrytis blight was unusual because composts typically do not provide such effects unless inoculated with a biocontrol agent capable of inducing systemic resistance in plants to disease. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Agr Tech Inst, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Hoitink, HAJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM hoitink.1@osu.edu NR 57 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1195 EP 1200 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1195 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EY UT WOS:000232857600010 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME TI Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 2003 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Puccinia recondita f. sp tritici; specific virulence ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; 2 POPULATIONS; VIRULENCE; CANADA; CULTIVARS; GENES; AREAS AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Southeast, California, and the Pacific Northwest, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2003. Single uredinial isolates (580 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18. In the United States in 2003, 52 virulence phenotypes of P triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MBDS, which has been selected by virulence to resistance gene Lr17, was the most common phenotype in the United States. MBDS was found in the Southeast, Great Plains, the Ohio Valley, and California. Virulence phenotype THBJ, which has been selected by virulence to genes Lr16 and Lr26, was the second most common phenotype, and was found in the southern and northern central Great Plains region. Phenotype MCDS, which has been selected by virulence to genes Lr17 and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype and occurred in the same regions as MBDS. The use of wheat cultivars with leaf rust seedling resistance genes has selected leaf rust phenotypes with virulence to genes Lr9, Lr16, Li17, Lr24, and Lr26. The population of R triticina in the United States is highly diverse for virulence phenotypes, which will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with effective durable resistance. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 25 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1201 EP 1206 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1201 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EY UT WOS:000232857600011 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Mullinix, K AF Mazzola, M Mullinix, K TI Comparative field efficacy of management strategies containing Brassica napus seed meal or green manure for the control of apple replant disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ORCHARD SOILS; TAKE-ALL; ROOT-ROT; WHEAT; ISOTHIOCYANATES; RHIZOCTONIA; PATHOGENS; BIOFUMIGATION; SUPPRESSION AB Alternative management strategies to the use of preplant soil fumigation for the control of apple replant disease (ARD), including cover crops and strategies incorporating Brassica napus seed meal (rape seed meal [RSM]) amendment as the central component, were evaluated in the orchard. A 1-year wheat cover crop consisting of three short-term cropping periods with plant material removed at the end of each growth period and a 3-year B. napus green manure significantly enhanced vegetative growth and yield of Gala/M26. However, in each instance, the resulting disease control and growth response were inferior to that achieved through preplant methyl bromide soil fumigation. A 3-year bare fallow and 1- or 2-year B. napus green manure neither suppressed disease development nor enhanced tree growth. Preplant RSM amendment in conjunction with a postplant mefenoxam soil drench provided effective suppression of ARD, and the resulting tree growth and yield were comparable with that attained in response to 1,3-dichloropropene-chloropicrin fumigation in one orchard. At a second orchard, the growth response attained with the alternative treatment was inferior to preplant soil fumigation, which was associated with an apparent re-infestation of RSM-treated soils and tree roots by Pratylenchus spp. Application of RSM after wheat cropping or in conjunction with soil solarization provided an intermediate level of disease control and a corresponding reduction in growth and yield of apple relative to preplant fumigation at both sites. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1207 EP 1213 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1207 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EY UT WOS:000232857600012 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Pearson, TC Brabec, DL AF Delwiche, SR Pearson, TC Brabec, DL TI High-speed optical sorting of soft wheat for reduction of deoxynivalenol SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE scab ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; MACHINE VISION; DAMAGED WHEAT; KERNELS; SCAB; VOMITOXIN; SPECTROSCOPY; GRAMINEARUM; BAKING AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease that affects small cereal grains, such as wheat and barley, and is becoming more prevalent throughout much of the world's temperate climates. The disease poses a health risk to humans and livestock because of the associated production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) by the causal organism, Fusarium graminearum. A study was undertaken to examine the efficiency of high-speed, optical sorting of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum) kernels for reduction of DON concentration. Soft red winter (n = 32) and soft white (n = 3) wheat samples, known to have elevated levels of FHB, were obtained from commercial mills throughout the eastern United States. An additional seven samples of wheat from the discard piles of in-mill cleaners were also studied. Fusarium-damaged wheat, cleaned of nonkernels and foreign material (-4.5 kg/sample, DON range = 0.6 to 20 mg/kg), was fed into a commercial high-speed bichromatic sorter operating at a throughput of 0.33 kg/(channel-min) and a kernel rejection rate of 10%. A wavelength filter pair combination of 675 and 1,480 nm was selected for sorting, based on prior research. Visual measurements of the proportion of Fusarium-damaged kernels were collected on incoming and sorted seed (separate analyses of accepted and rejected portions), as were measurements of DON concentration. Results indicated that the fraction of DON contaminant level in the sorted wheat to that in the unsorted wheat ranged from 18 to 112%, with an average of 51%. Nine of the 35 regular samples and all seven of the discard pile samples underwent a second sort, with five from this second set undergoing a third sort. Multiple sorting was effective in producing wheat whose DON concentration was between 16 and 69% of its original, unsorted value. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensign Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensign Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM delwiche@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1214 EP 1219 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1214 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EY UT WOS:000232857600013 ER PT J AU Sullivan, MJ Melton, TA Shew, HD AF Sullivan, MJ Melton, TA Shew, HD TI Fitness of races 0 and 1 of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE black shank; oomycete ID TOBACCO BLACK SHANK; CULTIVAR COKER 371-GOLD; FLUE-CURED TOBACCO; HOST-RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENICITY; AGGRESSIVENESS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VARIABILITY; INFECTION AB Deployment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) varieties with complete resistance to race 0 of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae has led to a rapid increase in the field populations of race 1 in North Carolina. In a field study, population levels of race 1 decreased relative to race 0 when cultivars with partial resistance to both races were planted, suggesting that race 1 isolates were less fit than race 0 isolates. Experiments were conducted to quantify differences in aggressiveness and survivability of the two races. Tobacco varieties with low, moderate, or high levels of partial resistance were inoculated with 60 pathogen isolates, and symptom development was monitored for 3 weeks. Race 0 isolates were more aggressive than race 1 isolates on cultivars with moderate or high levels of partial resistance; incubation periods were shorter and root rot severity was greater with race 0 isolates. Isolates of race 1, however, caused greater stunting of plants with moderate and high levels of partial resistance than race 0 isolates. Field microplots were infested with either a single race or an equal mixture of each race. Soil samples were collected at the end of two growing seasons and again the following spring. Pathogen populations declined from 40 to 80% during winter months, but population declines for race 0 were lower than for race 1 in each treatment over each winter. Race shifts from race 1 to race 0 that were observed in the presence of cultivars with partial resistance appear to be primarily the result of differences in aggressiveness of the races, with a possible minor effect of enhanced overwintering survival of race 0 compared with race 1. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Natl Weed Management Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, CRD, AgNR, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sullivan, MJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Natl Weed Management Lab, 2301 Res Blvd,Suite 108, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Melinda.J.Sullivan@aphis.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1220 EP 1228 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1220 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EY UT WOS:000232857600014 ER PT J AU Tang, GQ Novitzky, WP Griffin, HC Huber, SC Dewey, RE AF Tang, GQ Novitzky, WP Griffin, HC Huber, SC Dewey, RE TI Oleate desaturase enzymes of soybean: evidence of regulation through differential stability and phosphorylation SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE oleate desaturase; FAD2; protein phosphorylation; 26S proteasome; polyunsaturated fatty acids; soybean (Glycine max) ID UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; N-END RULE; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID DESATURASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB The endoplasmic reticulum-associated oleate desaturase FAD2 (1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Delta 12-desaturase) is the key enzyme responsible for the production of linoleic acid in non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. Little is known, however, concerning the post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the activity of this important enzyme. The soybean genome possesses two seed-specific isoforms of FAD2, designated FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B, which differ at only 24 amino acid residues. Expression studies in yeast revealed that the FAD2-1A isoform is more unstable than FAD2-1B, particularly when cultures were maintained at elevated growth temperatures. Analysis of chimeric FAD2-1 constructs led to the identification of two domains that appear to be important in mediating the temperature-dependent instability of the FAD2-1A isoform. The enhanced degradation of FAD2-1A at high growth temperatures was partially abrogated by treating the cultures with the 26S proteasome-specific inhibitor MG132, and by expressing the FAD2-1A cDNA in yeast strains devoid of certain ubiquitin-conjugating activities, suggesting a role for ubiquitination and the 26S proteasome in protein turnover. In addition, phosphorylation state-specific antipeptide antibodies demonstrated that the Serine-185 of FAD2-1 sequences is phosphorylated during soybean seed development. Expression studies of phosphopeptide mimic mutations in yeast suggest that phosphorylation may downregulate enzyme activity. Collectively, the results show that post-translational regulatory mechanisms are likely to play an important role in modulating FAD2-1 enzyme activities. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Dewey, RE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ralph_dewey@ncsu.edu NR 48 TC 98 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 433 EP 446 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02535.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 975KC UT WOS:000232660000007 PM 16236153 ER PT J AU Skinner, JS von Zitzewitz, J Szucs, P Marquez-Cedillo, L Filichkin, T Amundsen, K Stockinger, EJ Thomashow, MF Chen, THH Hayes, PM AF Skinner, JS von Zitzewitz, J Szucs, P Marquez-Cedillo, L Filichkin, T Amundsen, K Stockinger, EJ Thomashow, MF Chen, THH Hayes, PM TI Structural, functional, and phylogenetic characterization of a large CBF gene family in barley SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barley; CBF; cereal; HvCBF; low temperature tolerance; Triticeae ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; FREEZING TOLERANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COLD-ACCLIMATION; DRAFT SEQUENCE; EXPRESSION; DROUGHT AB CBFs are key regulators in the Arabidopsis cold signaling pathway. We used Hordeum vulgare (barley), an important crop and a diploid Triticeae model, to characterize the CBF family from a low temperature tolerant cereal. We report that barley contains a large CBF family consisting of at least 20 genes (HvCBFs) comprising three multigene phylogenetic groupings designated the HvCBF1-, HvCBF3-, and HvCBF4-subgroups. For the HvCBF1- and HvCBF3-subgroups, there are comparable levels of phylogenetic diversity among rice, a cold-sensitive cereal, and the cold-hardy Triticeae. For the HvCBF4-subgroup, while similar diversity levels are observed in the Triticeae, only a single ancestral rice member was identified. The barley CBFs share many functional characteristics with dicot CBFs, including a general primary domain structure, transcript accumulation in response to cold, specific binding to the CRT motif, and the capacity to induce cor gene expression when ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis. Individual HvCBF genes differed in response to abiotic stress types and in the response time frame, suggesting different sets of HvCBF genes are employed relative to particular stresses. HvCBFs specifically bound monocot and dicot cor gene CRT elements in vitro under both warm and cold conditions; however, binding of HvCBF4-subgroup members was cold dependent. The temperature-independent HvCBFs activated cor gene expression at warm temperatures in transgenic Arabidopsis, while the cold-dependent HvCBF4-subgroup members of three Triticeae species did not. These results suggest that in the Triticeae - as in Arabidopsis - members of the CBF gene family function as fundamental components of the winter hardiness regulon. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Agr Res Inst, H-2462 Martonvasar, Hungary. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. ARS, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Patrick.M.Hayes@oregonstate.edu NR 46 TC 142 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 533 EP 551 DI 10.1007/s11103-005-2498-2 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 977ID UT WOS:000232795800001 PM 16244905 ER PT J AU Park, S Cheng, NH Pittman, JK Yoo, KS Park, J Smith, RH Hirschi, KD AF Park, S Cheng, NH Pittman, JK Yoo, KS Park, J Smith, RH Hirschi, KD TI Increased calcium levels and prolonged shelf life in tomatoes expressing Arabidopsis H+/Ca-2 transporters SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOSSOM-END ROT; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; CATION TRANSPORTER; ANTIPORTER CAX1; ROOT-GROWTH; NEVER-RIPE; CELL-WALLS; IDENTIFICATION; EXCHANGER AB Here we demonstrate that fruit from tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum) plants expressing Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) H+/cation exchangers (CAX) have more calcium (Ca2+) and prolonged shelf life when compared to controls. Previously, using the prototypical CAX1, it has been demonstrated that, in yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, CAX transporters are activated when the N-terminal autoinhibitory region is deleted, to give an N-terminally truncated CAX (sCAX), or altered through specific manipulations. To continue to understand the diversity of CAX function, we used yeast assays to characterize the putative transport properties of CAX4 and N-terminal variants of CAX4. CAX4 variants can suppress the Ca2+ hypersensitive yeast phenotypes and also appear to be more specific Ca2+ transporters than sCAX1. We then compared the phenotypes of sCAX1- and CAX4-expressing tomato lines. The sCAX1- expressing tomato lines demonstrate increased vacuolar H+/Ca2+ transport, when measured in root tissue, elevated fruit Ca2+ level, and prolonged shelf life but have severe alterations in plant development and morphology, including increased incidence of blossom-end rot. The CAX4-expressing plants demonstrate more modest increases in Ca2+ levels and shelf life but no deleterious effects on plant growth. These findings suggest that CAX expression may fortify plants with Ca2+ and may serve as an alternative to the application of CaCl2 used to extend the shelf life of numerous agriculturally important commodities. However, judicious regulation of CAX transport is required to assure optimal plant growth. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Plant Physiol Grp, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM s-park4@tamu.edu OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1R01 DK 062366] NR 56 TC 55 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 139 IS 3 BP 1194 EP 1206 DI 10.1104/pp.105.066266 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 983OB UT WOS:000233240900009 PM 16244156 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Soliman, MS Shannon, MC AF Wilson, C Soliman, MS Shannon, MC TI Electrostatic changes in root plasma membrane of glycophytic and halophytic species of tomato SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; L. cheesmanii; tomato; plasma membrane; surface charge; salinity ID ATPASE GENE-EXPRESSION; SALT STRESS; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; TONOPLAST VESICLES; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; NA+/H+ ANTIPORT; SURFACE-CHARGE; K+ UPTAKE; NACL; PLANTS AB We investigated the effect of salt stress on the electrostatic properties of plasma membrane vesicles obtained from both the glycophytic, cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon escedentum (Mill, cvs. Heinz-1350 and VF 36) and the halophytic, wild species, L. cheesmanii (Hook, C.H. Mull, ecotype 1401) grown under control and saline conditions to determine if there exists a difference in the modulation of the membrane surface charge between the glycophytic and halophytic tomato. In agreement with earlier findings, fluorescence titration of vesicles indicated that salinity stress resulted in the modulation of the plasma membrane surface potential to more positive values in the glycophytic tomato species. However, a much smaller shift was measured in the halophytic tomato. Membrane surface potentials (psi(0)) of -20.0 and -7.6 my were calculated for control and salt-stressed vesicles from the glycophytic Heinz-1350 cultivar, respectively, and -22.0 and -3.3 mv, respectively, from the glycophytic VF 36 cultivar. For the halophytic species, Lc-1401, we measured membrane surface potentials (psi(0)) of -24.8 and -19.7 my for control and salt-stressed vesicles, respectively. BTP-Cl- stimulation of ApH was greater in vesicles isolated from control roots obtained from the wild Lc-1401 as compared with the cultivated Heinz-1350. However, the reverse was true in vesicles isolated from salt-stressed roots. Cl- stimulated proton pumping to a greater degree in vesicles from Heinz-1350 than Lc-1401. Both K+ or Na+ (added as K+- or Na+-Mes along with 100 mM BTP-Cl-) stimulated H+-pumping activity in plasma membrane vesicles from both Heinz-1350 and Lc-1401. In most cases, K+ stimulation of H+-pumping activity was higher in vesicles isolated from salt-stressed than from non-stressed plants. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Soil Salin Lab, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM cwilson@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 169 IS 5 BP 805 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.10.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 971WK UT WOS:000232415400001 ER PT J AU Horiuchi, J Prithiviraj, B Bais, HP Kimball, BA Vivanco, JM AF Horiuchi, J Prithiviraj, B Bais, HP Kimball, BA Vivanco, JM TI Soil nematodes mediate positive interactions between legume plants and rhizobium bacteria SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE symbiosis; legume; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Caenorhabditis elegans; volatiles ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; NODULATION GENES; C-ELEGANS; INSECT VECTORS; CHEMOTAXIS; VOLATILES; MELILOTI; ROOTS; ALLELOCHEMICALS AB Symbiosis between legume species and rhizobia results in the sequestration of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium, and the early mechanisms involved in this symbiosis have become a model for plant-microbe interactions and thus highly amenable for agricultural applications. The working model for this interaction states that the symbiosis is the outcome of a chemical/molecular dialogue initiated by flavonoids produced by the roots of legumes and released into the soil as exudates, which specifically induce the synthesis of nodulation factors in rhizobia that initiate the nodulation process. Here, we argue that other organisms, such as the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, also mediate the interaction between roots and rhizobia in a positive way, leading to nodulation. We report that C. elegans transfers the rhizobium species Sinorhizobium meliloti to the roots of the legume Medicago truncatula in response to plant-released volatiles that attract the nematode. These findings reveal a biologically-relevant and largely unknown interaction in the rhizosphere that is multitrophic and may control the initiation of the symbiosis. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Vivanco, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, 217 Shepardson Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Rechsteiner, Cynthia/C-5894-2011 NR 49 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2005 VL 222 IS 5 BP 848 EP 857 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-0025-y PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 986EA UT WOS:000233431700010 PM 16025342 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, L TI Rubber composites reinforced by soy spent flakes SO POLYMER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE composites; reinforcement; mechanical properties; elastomers; soy spent flakes ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LATEX FILMS; RECOVERY KINETICS; PRODUCTS; FILLER; ELASTOMERS; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB Soy spent flakes (SSF) is a plentiful renewable material from the waste stream of commercial soy protein extraction. SSF contains mostly soy carbohydrate and a small fraction of soy protein. Dry SSF is a rigid material and has a shear elastic modulus of similar to 4 GPa. Aqueous dispersions of SSF were blended with styrene-butadiene (SB) latex to form rubber composites. Soy carbohydrate increased the tensile stress in the small strain region, but also decreased the elongation at break. The shear elastic modulus of the composites showed an increase in the small strain region, consistent with the stress-strain behavior. The SSF composites showed a slightly better modulus recovery than the protein composite after eight cycles of strain sweep. In the small strain region, the shear elastic modulus of 30% filled composites at 140 degrees C was about 160 times greater than that of the unfilled elastomer, showing a significant reinforcement effect caused by SSF. Compared with soy protein isolate, the recovery behavior after eight cycles of dynamic strain suggests that SSF composites have a slightly stronger filler-rubber interaction. In general, SSF composites gave a slightly higher composite strength compared with the protein composites, but at a much lower cost. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jongl@ncaur.usda.org NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0959-8103 J9 POLYM INT JI Polym. Int. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1572 EP 1580 DI 10.1002/pi.1886 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 974KZ UT WOS:000232591700015 ER PT J AU Basenko, EY Peebles, ED Branton, SL Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD AF Basenko, EY Peebles, ED Branton, SL Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD TI Effects of S6-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at ten, twenty-two, or forty-five weeks of age on the performance characteristics of commercial egg laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE albumen; egg; layer; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; performance ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE COMPLEX; F-STRAIN; S6 STRAIN; BROILER BREEDER; LAYER FLOCKS; MG BACTERIN; CHICKENS; AIRSACCULITIS; SYNOVIAE; PATHOGENICITY AB Experimental inoculation of commercial laying hens, maintained under controlled conditions, with the S6-strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (S6MG) at 10 wk of age has previously been shown to affect the lengths and weights of various portions of the reproductive tract without affecting subsequent performance. Two trials were conducted to compare the effects of S6MG inoculation at 10 wk of age (prior to lay), 22 wk of age (onset of lay), and 45 wk of age (during lay) on performance characteristics in commercial layers housed and maintained under controlled conditions, as in previous studies. In each trial, BW, mortality, egg production, egg weight, eggshell weight per unit of surface area, percentage eggshell weight, percentage albumen weight, percentage yolk weight, and yolk weight per albumen weight ratio were examined at various ages throughout an entire laying cycle. Across wk 47 and 58 (age periods after the last 45 wk inoculation), eggshell weight per unit of surface area and percentage eggshell weight were significantly reduced in birds that had received an S6MG inoculation at 45 wk of age when compared with birds that had not received an S6MG inoculation or had been inoculated with S6MG at either 10 or 22 wk of age. Alterations in eggshell quality in response to S6MG may become evident only in older birds that are experiencing declines in production when housed under controlled conditions. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu RI Basenko, Evelina/G-8701-2014 NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1663 EP 1670 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 976JA UT WOS:000232728400001 PM 16463961 ER PT J AU McElroy, JP Dekkers, JCM Fulton, JE O'Sullivan, NP Soller, M Lipkin, E Zhang, W Koehler, KJ Lamont, SJ Cheng, HH AF McElroy, JP Dekkers, JCM Fulton, JE O'Sullivan, NP Soller, M Lipkin, E Zhang, W Koehler, KJ Lamont, SJ Cheng, HH TI Microsatellite markers associated with resistance to Marek's disease in commercial layer chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; Marek's disease; quantitative trait loci; survival; genetic resistance ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; B-HAPLOTYPE INFLUENCE; VIRUS-INDUCED TUMORS; AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; CANDIDATE GENES; EGG-PRODUCTION; LINKAGE AB The objective of the current study was to identify QTL conferring resistance to Marek's disease (MD) in commercial layer chickens. To generate the resource population, 2 partially inbred lines that differed in MD-caused mortality were intermated to produce 5 backcross families. Vaccinated chicks were challenged with very virulent plus (vv+) MD virus strain 648A at 6 d and monitored for MD symptoms. A recent field isolate of the MD virus was used because the lines were resistant to commonly used older laboratory strains. Selective genotyping was employed using 81 microsatellites selected based on prior results with selective DNA pooling. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to detect associations between marker genotypes and survival. Significance thresholds were validated by simulation. Seven and 6 markers were significant based on proportion of false positive and false discovery rate thresholds less than 0.2, respectively. Seventeen markers were associated with MD survival considering a comparison-wise error rate of 0.10, which is about twice the number expected by chance, indicating that at least some of the associations represent true effects. Thus, the present study shows that loci affecting MD resistance can be mapped in commercial layer lines. More comprehensive studies are under way to confirm and extend these results. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hy Line Int, Dallas Ctr, IA 50063 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu NR 53 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1678 EP 1688 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 976JA UT WOS:000232728400004 PM 16463964 ER PT J AU Mazzuco, H McMurtry, JP Kuo, AY Hester, PY AF Mazzuco, H McMurtry, JP Kuo, AY Hester, PY TI The effect of pre- and postmolt diets high in n-3 fatty acids and molt programs on skeletal integrity and insulin-like growth factor-I of white leghorns SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; n-3 fatty acids; insulin-like growth factor-I; nonfeed removal molt; hen ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; PROSTAGLANDIN E-2 PRODUCTION; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; IGF-I; LAYING HENS; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; JAPANESE-QUAIL AB This study investigated changes in bone integrity and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) of hens subjected to 2 distinct molting regimens and fed pre- and postmolt diets high in n-3 or n-6 fatty acids. A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer determined bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia and humerus of 45 live hens from 62 to 76 wk of age. Densitometric scans were also conducted in excised tibia and humerus at 66, 71, and 76 wk of age. Concentrations of IGF-I were monitored using an homologous RIA at the same ages. The molting treatments consisted of 10 d of fasting + cracked corn for 7 d + pullet developer diet for 10 d or a nonfasting molt (wheat-middlings-based diet for 27 d). Five weeks prior to and after either molt treatment, birds were fed 1 of 2 diets containing dietary n-6/ n-3 fatty acids ratios of 0.6 or 8.0. At the end of the molt (71 wk of age), tibial BMD decreased 30% in fasted and 11% in nonfasted molt regimens, and the fatty acid content of the premolt diet had no effect on the decline in BMD. The BMD of the humerus also decreased during molt with the exception of hens subjected to a nonfasted molt and fed n-3 fatty acid diets in which their BMD values were similar to or greater (at 73 wk of age) than those of controls during the entire experimental period (treatment by bone by age, P <= 0.0001). Induced molt affected circulating IGF-I concentrations (treatment by age interaction, P <= 0.0001), and the response was the same regardless of molt regimen (fasting vs. nonfasting) or diet (n-3 vs. n-6 fatty acids). A decrease in IGF-I 54 h postmolt was noted; however, from 13 to 43 d postmolt, all molted birds had elevated IGF-I as compared with controls. In conclusion, a nonfasted molt as compared with fasted molt was less detrimental to bone mineralization; dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios in the pre- and postmolt diets had little effect on the decline of skeletal integrity during molt, and circulating IGF-I concentrations were affected by molt. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Embrapa Swine & Poultry Res Ctr, BR-89700000 Concordia, Brazil. USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hester, PY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM phester@purdue.edu NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1735 EP 1749 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 976JA UT WOS:000232728400011 PM 16463971 ER PT J AU Koch, JM Moritz, JS Lay, DC Wilson, ME AF Koch, JM Moritz, JS Lay, DC Wilson, ME TI Melengestrol acetate in experimental diets as an effective alternative to induce a decline in egg production and reversible regression of the reproductive tract in laying hens I. Determining an effective concentration of melengestrol acetate SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; molting; melengestrol acetate; well-being ID NONFEED REMOVAL METHODS; MOLTING PROGRAMS; CALCIUM; ORGANS; ZINC; FOWL AB Induced molting increases egg quality and egg production and extends the productive life of hens. Molting is accomplished by feed withdrawal, which has been criticized for not addressing hen well-being, and current alternatives have resulted in poor postmolt performance and inadequate well-being. Molting leads to regression of follicles on the ovary and causes loss of steroidogenic support for the oviduct, leading to cessation of lay. Melengestrol acetate (MGA), an orally active progestin, may decrease support for the ovary, resulting in loss of support for the oviduct, while hens are fed a balanced diet. In this experiment, a dose response study, Hy-Line W-36 hens were fed 0, 0.1, 1, 4, or 8 mg of MGA per hen/d in a balanced diet for 28 d and then returned to a normal diet. Four birds on d 0 and 4 birds per treatment on d 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, and 44 were euthanized. The weight of the ovary with follicles, magnum, shell gland, and oviduct were determined. A decrease in egg production was observed in those groups receiving 4 and 8 mg of MGA, until removal of MGA from the diet. After d 28, egg production increased to the production level of hens fed 0, 0.1, or I mg of MGA. The weight of the ovary with follicles, oviduct, magnum, and shell gland were unchanged throughout in groups fed 0, 0.1, or I mg of MGA. However, groups fed 4 or 8 mg of MGA exhibited a decrease (P < 0.05) in the weight of the ovary with follicles, oviduct, magnum, and shell gland until d 28. Recrudescence of the large yellow follicles as well as rejuvenation of the oviduct and its components, the magnum and shell gland, in the 4 and 8 mg MGA groups occurred by d 44. Melengestrol acetate, fed to hens on a balanced layer diet, caused reversible regression of follicles and, therefore, removal and return of support for the oviduct. C1 W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wilson, ME (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mwilso25@wvu.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1750 EP 1756 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 976JA UT WOS:000232728400012 PM 16463972 ER PT J AU Koch, JM Moritz, JS Smith, DL Lay, DC Wilson, ME AF Koch, JM Moritz, JS Smith, DL Lay, DC Wilson, ME TI Melengestrol acetate as an effective alternative to induce a decline in egg production and reversible regression of the reproductive tract in laying hens. II. Effects on postmolt egg quality SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; molting; melengestrol acetate; well-being ID NONFEED REMOVAL METHODS; HIGH DIETARY ZINC; MOLTING PROGRAMS; SHELL STRENGTH; FORCED MOLT; SODIUM; DEFICIENCY; CALCIUM; ORGANS AB Induced molting increases egg quality and egg production and extends the productive life of hens. Molting is accomplished by feed withdrawal, which has received criticism, and alternatives described thus far result in poor postmolt performance. Melengestrol acetate at a dosage of 4 or 8 mg/d, in a balanced diet leads to reversible regression of the reproductive tract. However, this alternative must also increase egg quality after rest to be considered an adequate method by the industry. Hy-Line W-36 (n = 497) laying hens were assigned randomly to a diet containing 0 mg of melengestrol acetate (MGA; control) throughout the experiment or 4 or 8 mg of MGA/d for 2, 4, or 6 wk. Upon reaching 50 and 70% lay, after MGA removal, eggs were collected for measurements of egg quality, including Haugh units (i.e., internal egg quality), shell thickness, and breaking strength (i.e., external egg quality). Haugh units were greater (P < 0.05) for eggs laid by hens molted with a diet containing 8 mg of MGA for all durations compared with controls. Shell thickness was greater (P < 0.05) when hens were treated with 4 mg of MGA for 6 wk and 8 mg of MGA for 4 and 6 wk compared with control. Egg breaking strength was greater (P < 0.05) than controls for all hens fed MGA, regardless of dosage or duration of feeding. A subset of hens was fed 8 mg of MGA per hen/d for 2 wk, and eggs were collected for 3 wk. Seven days after MGA was removed from the diet, the amount of MGA in the yolk was below the level of detection of the assay, and the concentration found in the eggs at all time points was 3 orders of magnitude below the Food and Drug Administration's tolerance for MGA in edible tissue. When used as an alterative method to induce a rest, MGA leads to an increase in the internal and external egg quality of hens compared with nonmolted hens. C1 W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wilson, ME (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mwilso25@wvu.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1757 EP 1762 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 976JA UT WOS:000232728400013 PM 16463973 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Berrang, ME Cason, JA Bourassa, DV AF Buhr, RJ Berrang, ME Cason, JA Bourassa, DV TI Recovery of bacteria from broiler carcass respiratory tracts before and after immersion scalding SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; scalding; respiratory tract; Escherichia coli; total aerobic bacteria ID CAMPYLOBACTER; POULTRY; CONTAMINATION; TRANSPORT; LEVEL; KINDS AB Occlusion of the trachea and decapitation were compared with a conventional unilateral neck cut for effects on bacteria entering into the respiratory tract of broiler carcasses during scalding. In experiment 1, the trachea was occluded prior to the carcass entering the scalder to determine if bacterial recovery from the respiratory tract could be diminished. The first carcass was removed at the end of bleeding, and a plastic cable tie was placed around the neck of a second carcass and tightened to occlude the trachea. After proceeding through the triple-tank immersion scalder, the second carcass (trachea occluded) was removed, and a third carcass (without the trachea occluded during scalding) was removed. In experiment 2, after being stunned, carcasses were unilaterally bled or decapitated. Unilaterally bled and decapitated carcasses were removed at the end of bleeding and after scalding. In both experiments, trachea were cannulated, and respiratory tract rinses were collected. For experiment 1, the numbers of bacteria recovered (log(10) cfu/mL of rinse) from prescald nonoccluded carcass respiratory tract rinses were 2.5 Escherichia coli, 2.6 coliforms, and 3.2 total aerobes. Respiratory tract rinses from carcasses sampled postscald (without occluding the trachea) had higher bacteria numbers at 4.6 E. coli, 5.0 coliforms, and 5.4 total aerobes. Respiratory tract rinses from carcasses with the trachea occluded prior to scalding had the lowest number of bacteria at 1.9 E. coli, 2.3 coliforms, and 2.7 total aerobes. In experiment 2, the numbers of bacteria recovered from respiratory tract rinses of unilaterally bled or decapitated carcasses did not differ prescald or postscald, although all postscald values were higher (P < 0.05). Results confirmed that bacteria numbers increased within the respiratory tract during immersion scalding, the increase could have been prevented by occluding the trachea prior to scalding, and decapitation did not alter the number of bacteria recovered from respiratory tract rinses prior to or following immersion scalding. C1 USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Bacterial Ecol & Antimicrobial Resistance Res Uni, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jbuhr@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1769 EP 1773 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 976JA UT WOS:000232728400015 PM 16463975 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Northcutt, JK AF Berrang, ME Northcutt, JK TI Use of water spray and extended drying time to lower bacterial numbers on soiled flooring from broiler transport coops SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; dump coop; transport cage ID CONTAINER DECONTAMINATION SYSTEM; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; RECOVERY; DISINFECTION; CHICKENS; CAGES AB Broiler transport coops soiled with Campylobacter-positive feces have been shown to facilitate cross-contamination of broilers. Washing and sanitizing coop surfaces do not always effectively eliminate bacteria. The objective of this study was to examine drying as a means of lowering bacterial numbers on transport coop flooring. Small squares (5 x 5 cm) of fiberglass flooring from transport coops were intentionally contaminated with 1 g of Campylobacter-positive broiler gut contents. Soiled floor squares were sprayed with water and allowed to dry for 15 min, 24 h, or 48 h. Unsprayed squares were examined at each time period as controls. All squares were sampled by cotton-tipped applicators that were cultured for Campylobacter, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Sampling of unsprayed squares at 15 min yielded 7.3 log cfu of Campylobacter, 6.2 log cfu of coliforms and 5.9 log cfu of E. coli per floor square. Water spray alone resulted in a significantly lower number of organisms recovered: 4.1 log cfu Campylobacter, 3.6 log cfu coliform, and 3.2 log cfu E. coli per floor square. When water spray was followed by a 24-hour drying period, no Campylobacter, coliforms, or E. coli were detected on the floor surface. However, allowing unsprayed soiled flooring to simply dry for 24 or 48 h also resulted in no recovery of Campylobacter and very low numbers of coliforms and E. coli. A 24- or 48-hour drying period for fecal matter on broiler transport cage flooring may be a viable method to lower bacterial numbers on these surfaces. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1797 EP 1801 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 976JA UT WOS:000232728400020 PM 16463980 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Wickham, ED Piotrowski, EG Fagerquist, CK Farrell, HM AF Qi, PX Wickham, ED Piotrowski, EG Fagerquist, CK Farrell, HM TI Implication of C-terminal deletion on the structure and stability of bovine beta-casein SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE beta-casein; C-terminal deletion; chymosin cleavage; circular dichroism; protein structure; self-association; protein stability; conformational transition; analytical ultracentrifugation ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; INTRINSICALLY UNSTRUCTURED PROTEINS; NATIVELY UNFOLDED PROTEINS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTRA; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; POLYPROLINE-II; CONFORMATION; ASSOCIATION AB Bovine beta-casein (beta-CN) with its C-terminal truncated by chymosin digestion, beta-CN-(f1-192), was examined and characterized using circular dichroism (CD) under various temperature conditions. CONTIN/LL analysis of the CD data revealed significant secondary structure disruption in beta-CN-(f1-192) relative to its parent protein,beta-CN, in the temperature range (5 degrees to 70 degrees C) studied. Near-UV CD spectra indicated significant temperature dependent structural changes. Analytical ultracentrifugation results showed significant reduction but not complete abolishment of self-association in beta-CN-(f1-192) compared to whole beta-casein at 2 degrees-37 degrees C. Furthermore, binding experiments with the common hydrophobic probe-8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) illustrated that beta-CN-(f1-192) is nearly incapable of binding to ANS relative to whole beta-CN, suggesting a nearly complete open overall tertiary structure brought about by the C-terminal truncation. It has been demonstrated clearly that the tail peptide beta-CN-(f193-209) is important in maintaining the hydrophobic core of beta-CN but the residual association observed argues for a minor role for other sites as well. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Qi, PX (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pqi@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 431 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s10930-005-7639-6 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 990KD UT WOS:000233740800003 PM 16328736 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Wagschal, K Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Wagschal, K Robertson, GH TI Characterization of active Lentinula edodes glucoamylase expressed and secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cloning and expression; glucoamylase; Lentinula edodes; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; ALPHA-AMYLASE; STARCH GRANULES; 3 FORMS; GENE; PURIFICATION; YEAST; HYDROLYSIS AB The gene encoding Lentinula edodes glucoamylase (GLA) was cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expressed constitutively and secreted in an active form. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by (NH4)(2)SO4 fractionation, anion exchange and affinity chromatography. The protein had a correct N-terminal sequence of WAQSSVIDAYVAS, indicating that the signal peptide was efficiently cleaved. The recombinant enzyme was glycosylated with a 2.4% carbohydrate content. It had a pH optimum of 4.6 and a pH 3.4-6.4 stability range. The temperature optimum was 50 degrees C with stability <= 50 degrees C. The enzyme showed considerable loss of activity when incubated with glucose (44%), glucosamine (68%), galactose (22%), and xylose (64%). The addition of Mn++ activated the enzyme by 45%, while Li+, Zn++, Mg++, Cu+, Ca++, and EDTA had no effect. The enzyme hydrolyzed amylopectin at rates 1.5 and 8.0 times that of soluble starch and amylose, respectively. Soluble starch was hydrolyzed 16 and 29 times faster than wheat and corn starch granules, respectively, with the hydrolysis of starch granules using 10x the amount of GLA. Apparent K-m and V-max for soluble starch were estimated to be 3.0 mg/ml and 0.13 mg/ml/min (40 degrees C, pH 5.3), with an apparent k(cat) of 2.9x10(5) min(-1). C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 455 EP 463 DI 10.1007/s10930-005-7641-z PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 990KD UT WOS:000233740800005 PM 16328738 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Hardegree, SP AF Clark, PE Hardegree, SP TI Quantifying vegetation change by point sampling landscape photography time series SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cover-type conversion; digital image processing; ecology; image coregistration; image cover; oblique imagery ID UNITED-STATES; DATABASE; INVASION; IDAHO AB Quantitative assessment of vegetation change is often conducted by digitally analyzing time series of aerial or vertical photography. Change analysis conducted using repeated oblique or landscape photography, however, has been limited to qualitative assessments. The purpose of this study was to develop sampling and analysis techniques for using a time series of digitized landscape photography to quantify vegetation change on rangeland landscapes. Digital images were created from black-and-white landscape photographs acquired in 1917, 1962, and 2000 near Whiskey Mountain in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed of southwestern Idaho. Images were spatially registered to each other using control points and a polynomial transformation algorithm. Thirty random pixels along each of 30 random image lines were selected as point samples (n = 900) from within each image. The landscape feature represented in each selected pixel was classified into I of 15 cover types. Cover-type classification accuracy for the 2000 image was estimated to be 92.2% based oil ground-truth data collected in the field. Classification accuracy was increased to 98.9% by combining rare or poorly separable cover-type classes. Image cover of vegetation cover types was quantified for each photography acquisition date. Changes in image cover of each cover type and direction of cover-type conversions were determined for each intervening time period. Analysis of image cover using repeated landscape photography is constrained by limitations imposed by oblique view angles and variable image quality. Repeat landscape photography, however, can be used to quantitatively assess long-term dynamics of vegetation cover on rangeland landscapes with Visually distinct vegetation types. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM pclark@nwrc.ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 588 EP 597 DI 10.2111/04-111R2.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300004 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE Johnson, DE AF Booth, DT Cox, SE Johnson, DE TI Detection-threshold calibration and other factors influencing digital measurements of ground cover SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bare ground; eye health; green cover; image analysis; rangeland monitoring; visual cover estimation ID VEGETATION; GRASSLANDS AB New methods of image acquisition and analysis are advancing rangeland assessment techniques. Most image-analysis programs require users to adjust detection thresholds for color or object classification, a subjective process we postulated would be influenced by human error and variation. We developed a ground -cover-measurement calibration procedure, the digital grid overlay (DGO), which is similar to image point sampling (dot grid) advanced by earlier researchers. We asked 21 rangeland professionals to measure ground cover using 2 subjective visual-estimate methods (threshold adjustment process, or TAP, and external [to the software] visual estimate, or EVE) and the DGO on 5 different nadir-view images of rangeland. We also compared cover measurements made by DGO-calibrated software in automated batch processing against DGO manual-only measurements. We found an unacceptable range of variation among rangeland professionals using TAP. The DGO and EVE values were more closely aligned. We discovered an age-related bias in bare-ground measurements: all users over 50 years of age classified more bare ground than did all users under 50 years of age when using TAR One explanation for this bias is age-related yellowing of the eye lens. Manual DGO measurements required up to 15 minutes per image compared to about 1 second per image for automated computer analysis after software calibration. The greatest bare-ground difference between the DGO-calibrated software and manual DGO measurements for the data sets analyzed was 5.6% and the correlations imply that reasonably accurate automated measurements can be used for bare-ground measurements from digital-image data sets. The exception is where the software cannot adequately separate litter and bare ground. The digital methods we tested need improvement. However, external calibration (DGO or EVE) of current-generation image-analysis algorithms bring economical, statistically adequate monitoring of extensive land areas within the realm of practical application. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Terry.Booth@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 598 EP 604 DI 10.2111/05-060R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300005 ER PT J AU Perkins, SR McDaniel, KC AF Perkins, SR McDaniel, KC TI Infiltration and sediment rates following creosotebush control with tebuthiuron SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brush control; erosion; Larrea tridentata; rainfall simulator; wetting front ID LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SOUTHERN ARIZONA; SOIL-EROSION; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; CHEMICAL CONTROL; WALNUT-GULCH; NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATION; RUNOFF AB The effects of chemical creosotebush (Larrea tridentata [D.C.] Cov.) control on infiltration rates, wetting-front depth, and sediment production were examined in the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico. Study sites were treated with aerial applications of tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1.,1.-dimethyletliyl)-1.,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N'-dimetliylurea) as part of a brush control program administered by the US Bureau of Land Management. Study sites were equally distributed among 3 geographic regions and included 6 sites treated 5-9 years ago, 6 sites treated 15-18 years ago, and 12 contiguous nontreated sites. Paired 1-m(2) rainfall simulation plots encompassed the creosotebush canopy zone and adjacent interspace area with runs made using simulated rainfall at 9.1 cm (.) hr(-1) for 30 minutes. Runoff and sediment were collected every 5 minutes, and wetting-front depths were measured at the end of rainfall simulations. Infiltration rates were significantly higher in the canopy zone than in interspace areas and were highest in 5-9-year-old sites, intermediate in nontreated sites, and lowest in 15-18-year-old sites. Regression equations showed that infiltration rates within the canopy zone were positively correlated with litter mass, and cover of litter, shrubs, and grasses. Within interspace areas, infiltration rates were most correlated with aggregate stability and cover of litter, rocks, and grasses. Wetting-front depths were significantly deeper in the canopy zone than in interspace areas for all treatments. Sediment concentration (kg (.) L-1) was higher in the canopy zone than interspace, but total sediment yield was not significantly different between these areas or affected by any treatments. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, NRCS, Victorville, CA 92395 USA. RP McDaniel, KC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, POB 30003,MSC 3-1, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM kmcdanie@nmsu.edu NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 605 EP 613 DI 10.2111/05-048R1.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300006 ER PT J AU Rau, BM Chambers, JC Blank, RR Miller, WW AF Rau, BM Chambers, JC Blank, RR Miller, WW TI Hydrologic response of a central Nevada Pinyon-juniper woodland to prescribed fire SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE surface hydrology; water repellency; coarse fragment; microsite ID HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; WATER REPELLENCY; WESTERN JUNIPER; FOREST SOILS; SUSTAINABILITY; MOUNTAIN AB This study was conducted to determine the effect of prescribed fire on surface hydrology in Great Basin pinyon-juniper (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.-Juniperus osteosperma Torr.) woodlands. Infiltration rates were measured using a single ring infiltrometer over an elevation gradient (2 103, 2 225, and 2 347 m) at 3 microsites (tree canopy, shrub canopy, and interspace) and 2 tree cover types (intermediate and high) in August 2001., before a spring prescribed burn conducted in May 2002, and then following the prescribed burn in August 2002. Infiltration experiments were used to calculate saturated hydraulic conductivity (K[theta(s)]) rates, and water drop penetration times were determined to evaluate the development of water-repellent soils. Infiltration rates before the burn were greater at the low elevation than at the mid and high-elevation study sites because of differences in measured soil texture. Before burning, the infiltration and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K[theta(s)]) rates measured on interspace and shrub canopy microsites were less than on tree canopy microsites at the midelevation study site (2 225 m). Following burning, the intermediate tree cover tree canopy microsites had greater infiltration rates than interspace microsites; all other microsites were similar to each other. No significant differences in K(Os) rates existed among the microsites after burning. However, on the higher elevation study site before the burn, the interspace microsites had final infiltration rates less than the tree canopy microsites, and burning caused no deviation from this trend. Saturated hydraulic conductivity rates at the high elevation did not differ by microsite before the burn, but after burning interspace microsites had K(theta(s)) rates less than tree canopy microsites. Burning increased water repellency Of Surface soils (0-3 cm) for all cover types. Spring burning in Pinyon-juniper woodlands may produce a hydrologic response depending on surface soil texture and vegetation cover. C1 Univ Nevada, Hydrol Sci Program, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Great Basin Ecol Lab, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Weed Lab, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Rau, BM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Hydrol Sci Program, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brau@unr.nevada.edu NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 614 EP 622 DI 10.2111/04-092.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300007 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH AF Ralphs, MH TI Conditioning sheep to graze duncecap larkspur (Delphinium occidentale) SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE positive conditioning; nutrient loading; poisonous plant; sheep grazing ID FLAVORED WHEAT-STRAW; INTRARUMINAL INFUSIONS; PREFERENCE; CATTLE; CONSUMPTION; PROPIONATE AB Sheep are more resistant than cattle to larkspur poisoning and thus may be used as a biological tool to graze larkspur to reduce cattle poisoning. Sheep readily graze larkspur in its mature stages, but if they are to be an effective management tool, they must graze it in the early growth stages before cattle enter the allotment. The objective of this study was to determine if sheep could be positively conditioned to graze duncecap larkspur (Delphinium occidentale (S.Wats) S. Wats) early in its growth stages. Eighteen ewes were divided into 3 groups of 6 ewes each. During conditioning, group I was offered potted larkspur plants then were gavaged with glucose, the second group was exposed to larkspur plants together as a group (social facilitation), and the third group was an untreated control. In the preference test, the glucose group ate more duncecap larkspur than the social facilitation and control groups. The glucose and control groups were taken to duncecap larkspur-infested mountain rangeland to test the conditioning. In the field grazing trial, the glucose group consumed more larkspur than the control group, but it Occurred later in the grazing trial when larkspur was in flower and after desirable forages had been consumed. High levels of diterpenoid alkaloids in larkspur and other alternative palatable forages may have caused ewes to reject larkspur at the beginning of the trial. The sheep were positively conditioned to graze larkspur, but the amount consumed and the timing of consumption was not sufficient to prevent potential cattle poisoning. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E,1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM mralphs@cc.usu.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 628 EP 631 DI 10.2111/05-014R2.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300009 ER PT J AU Carpinelli, ME Schauer, CS Bohnert, DW Hardegree, SP Falck, SJ Svejcar, TJ AF Carpinelli, ME Schauer, CS Bohnert, DW Hardegree, SP Falck, SJ Svejcar, TJ TI Effect of ruminal incubation on perennial pepperweed germination SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Lepidium latifolium; selective grazing; seed hydration; seed dispersal; scarification; digestion ID CATTLE; SEEDS; VIABILITY; RUMEN; DIGESTION; RECOVERY; PASSAGE; SHEEP AB Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium L.) is an aggressive perennial forb that is infesting much of western North America. Grazing may provide an alternative to chemical and mechanical control of perennial pepperweed. However, if livestock are used in control efforts, they may spread weeds by depositing viable seeds in fecal pats in uninfested areas. This study consisted of 2 experiments using fistulated steers to estimate the effect of ruminant digestion on germination of perennial pepperweed seeds. In Experiment 1, we tested the hypothesis that ruminal incubation (for 0, 48, and 96 hours) affects perennial pepperweed germination. In Experiment 2, we tested the hypothesis that type of incubation (no incubation, water only, or total digestive tract) affects perennial pepperweed germination. In Experiment 1, germination was 17 and 15 times greater for the 48-and 96-hour incubation treatments compared to the control, respectively. In Experiment 2, germination was 23 and 19 times greater for the water and total tract incubation treatments compared to the control, respectively. Effects were attributed to a combination of seed hydration and seed coat scarification. Results from this study suggest that grazing should Occur prior to seed set or that livestock which have grazed perennial pepperweed bearing viable seed should be quarantined before being moved to uninfested areas. These results also suggest that control of perennial pepperweed is especially important where moving water may transport seeds off site. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Hettinger Res Extens Ctr, Hettinger, ND 58639 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Carpinelli, ME (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, 1041 Mesa Blvd,Suite C, Grants, NM 87020 USA. EM carpinelli_michael@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 632 EP 636 DI 10.2111/04-150R2.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300010 ER PT J AU Matney, CA Boyd, CS Stringham, TK AF Matney, CA Boyd, CS Stringham, TK TI Use of felled junipers to protect streamside willows from browsing SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cattle; deer; riparian management; Salix; herbivory; Oregon ID RECOVERY AB Willow (Salix) communities are important components of riparian ecosystems. However, browsing by livestock and wildlife species can negatively impact willow size and abundance, and make restoration efforts difficult. A common solution has been fencing of affected willows to exclude ungulates, but fencing is expensive and may not complement desirable land management strategies. An alternative to fencing is the use of structures that limit access to streamside willows, without excluding ungulate access to the entire riparian zone. We examined the use of felled western juniper trees (Juniperus occidentalis Hook) placed over streamside willow shrubs. Four replicates of felled western juniper treatments (covered) and noncovered treatments were applied to a 1.2-km length of stream in southeastern Oregon. Willows (< 2 m) within treatment areas were censused, tagged, examined for evidence of browse-use, and measured for maximum height during August 2002, before treatment. Posttreatment measurements were made in August and October 2003. Results indicate that by August 2003 (posttreatment) the average growth of willows in covered treatments was 25 cm (480%) greater than in noncovered treatments. By October 2003 (posttreatment), more shrubs were browsed in noncovered (84%) than covered (39%) treatments. Our data suggest that covering small willow shrubs (< 2 m tall) with felled western juniper is an effective deterrent to browsing. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Matney, CA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matneyc@onid.orst.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 652 EP 655 DI 10.2111/04-127R2.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300013 ER PT J AU O'Brien, DJ Phillips, JL Patsiorkovsky, VV AF O'Brien, DJ Phillips, JL Patsiorkovsky, VV TI Linking indigenous bonding and bridging social capital SO REGIONAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE social capital; economic development; collective action; Russia; native American ID COMMUNITIES; NETWORKS; LEADERS AB Reconciling indigenous bonding and bridging social capital remains a difficult issue in economic development and global issues of inequality. A failure to address this problem weakens the legitimacy of liberal democratic political institutions. Mancur Olson's Logic of Collective Action (1971) is used as the starting point to identify the structural properties of bridging social capital, and the broad parameters within which strategies for using indigenous social capital to create these properties may be found. Empirical examples from the authors' research are used to illustrate alternative ways and the costs and benefits of different strategies for linking indigenous bonding and bridging social capital. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Rural Sociol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Tribal Coll Liaison, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Socioecon Studies Populat, Moscow 117218, Russia. RP O'Brien, DJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Rural Sociol, 109 Gentry Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM obriendj@missouri.edu; jhnphll@aol.com; patsv@mail.ru OI O'Brien, David/0000-0001-5302-4258 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0034-3404 J9 REG STUD JI Reg. Stud. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1051 DI 10.1080/00343400500327984 PG 11 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 984JX UT WOS:000233300800002 ER PT J AU Miller, JR Anderson, JB Lechler, PJ Kondrad, SL Galbreath, PF Salter, EB AF Miller, JR Anderson, JB Lechler, PJ Kondrad, SL Galbreath, PF Salter, EB TI Influence of temporal variations in water chemistry on the Pb isotopic composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lead contamination; lead isotopes; geochemical tracers ID LEAD-ISOTOPES; ATMOSPHERIC LEAD; TRACE-METALS; EROSION PROCESSES; SR ISOTOPES; TREE-RINGS; SEDIMENTS; POLLUTION; CADMIUM; RATIOS AB Field and laboratory investigations were undertaken to determine (1) the relations between discharge, Pb concentration, and the Pb isotopic composition of the dissolved load in Richland Creek, western North Carolina, and (2) the potential influence of varying Pb water chemistry on the Pb isotopic abundances in liver and bone tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Stream waters were characterized by relatively low Pb concentrations during periods of base flow exceeding 10 days in length. Moreover, greater than 65% of the Pb was derived from orchard soils located upstream of the monitoring site which are contaminated by lead arsenate. During small to moderate floods, the dissolved load exhibited Pb concentrations more than twice as high as those measured during base flow, but the contribution of Pb from lead arsenate was relatively low and varied directly with discharge. In contrast to smaller events, Pb from lead arsenate in an 8- to 10-year (overbank) event in May 2003 was minimal during peak flow conditions, suggesting that discharge-source relations are dependent on flood magnitude. The hydrologic and geochemical data demonstrate that aquatic biota in Richland Creek are subjected to short-term variations in Pb concentrations and Pb isotopic abundances within the dissolved load ranging from a few hours to few a weeks. Laboratory studies demonstrated that when rainbow trout were exposed to elevated Pb concentrations with a distinct isotopic fingerprint, the bone and liver rapidly acquire isotopic ratios similar to that of the water. Following exposure, bone retains Pb from the contaminant source for a period of months, while the liver excreted approximately 50% of the accumulated Pb within a few days and nearly all of the Pb within a few weeks. Differences in the rates of excretion resulted in contrasting isotopic ratios between the tissues. It seems plausible, then, that previously observed differences between the isotopic composition of bone and liver in rainbow trout from Richland Creek are related to their short-term exposure to Pb from soils contaminated with Pb arsenate that result from fluctuating hydrologic conditions. If these trends prove to be common in other contaminated aquatic environments, it may be possible to use the Pb isotopic composition of bone as an indicator of the long-term exposure to Pb and the liver as a biomarker for short-term Pb exposures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources Management, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Prod Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Columbia River Inter Tribal FIsh Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Western Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Miller, JR (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources Management, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. EM jmiller@email.wcu.edu NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 350 IS 1-3 BP 204 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.030 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983IQ UT WOS:000233225300016 PM 15885756 ER PT J AU Hammond, RW Bedendo, IP AF Hammond, RW Bedendo, IP TI Molecular confirmation of maize rayado fino virus as the Brazilian corn streak virus SO SCIENTIA AGRICOLA LA English DT Article DE MRF virus; corn viruses; phytoplasma; corn stunt ID LATIN-AMERICA; TRANSMISSION; MARAFIVIRUS; SEQUENCE; GENOME AB Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), Present in various countries in Latin Arnerica, has shown similarities to corn streak virus that occurs in Brazil, regarding pathogenic, serological and histological characteristics. In the current report both Virus were molecularly compared to confirm the similarities between them. MRFV was identified by nucleic acid hybridization in samples of maize tissues exhibiting symptoms of "corn stunt" disease, collected from two Brazilian States - Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. The coat Protein gene and 3'non-translated region of MRFV were amplified from infected tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using MRFV-specific primers, and were characterized by nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the cloned PCR products. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between the Brazilian isolates and isolates obtained from Latin Arnerica and the United States reveals a close relationship to isolates from Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. Results support the proposal that the Brazilian corn streak virus be regarded as all isolate of MRFV and provide evidence for the presence of MRFV in "corn stunt' disease in Brazil. C1 USP, ESALQ, Dept Entomol, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bedendo, IP (reprint author), USP, ESALQ, Dept Entomol, CP 90, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM ipbedend@esalq.usp.br NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SAO PAOLO PI PIRACICABA PA AV PADUA DIAS 11, C P 9, PIRACICABA, SP 13418-900, BRAZIL SN 0103-9016 J9 SCI AGR JI Sci. Agric. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 601 EP 603 DI 10.1590/S0103-90162005000600015 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 996MB UT WOS:000234176900015 ER PT J AU Matta, J Alavalapati, J Kerr, J Mercer, E AF Matta, J Alavalapati, J Kerr, J Mercer, E TI Agency perspectives on transition to participatory forest management: A case study from Tamil Nadu, India SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE employee perspectives; joint forest management; organizational change; public participation ID PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; ORGANIZATIONAL-CHANGE; JOINT; BIHAR AB India's Joint Forest Management (JFM) policy, in which government forest agencies and local communities jointly manage forests, has been touted as a successful strategy in helping both forests and people. Its efficacy in the field, however, is uneven. Although government forest departments are charged with implementing JFM, very little is known about their perspectives on this policy. Assessment of foresters' perspectives oil JFM in Tamil Nadu, India, revealed that despite foresters' motivation toward implementing this policy, uncertain incentives and institutional complexities make the task complex and difficult. While decentralized decision making in the Tamil Nadu Forest Department could help mitigate the situation, the department's culture that limits feedback in the system stands as a strong barrier against organizational adaptation. Hence, pragmatic strategies for promoting participatory forest management should focus first on improving the institutional conditions of foresters' work in order to develop a shared vision and a unified strategy for successful action. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Agr Recreat & Resource Studies, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Forest Serv, SE Forest Expt Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Alavalapati, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM janaki@ufl.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 10 BP 859 EP 870 DI 10.1080/08941920500248749 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 986DW UT WOS:000233431300001 ER PT J AU Neurath, SK Sadeghi, AM Shirmohammadi, A Isensee, AR Sefton, KA Torrents, A AF Neurath, SK Sadeghi, AM Shirmohammadi, A Isensee, AR Sefton, KA Torrents, A TI Spatial variability in the upper soil layer of a no-till field using a small-scale dye experiment SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE preferential flow; dye infiltration; geostatistics; atrazine ID SILT LOAM SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PONDED WATER; ATRAZINE; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; PESTICIDE; MOVEMENT AB Small-scale (33 cm by 33 cm) dye experiments were performed to evaluate the spatial variation of infiltration by evaluating dye distribution within the upper 10-cm soil depth of a well-established no-till corn field. The variation of infiltration was estimated by measuring the dye concentrations in the soil samples obtained from the 0- to 3-cm, 3- to 6-cm, and 6- to 10-cm depths of the infiltration test volume (10,890 cm 3) Contour maps of dye concentrations were prepared for each soil layer and used to estimate the percentage of the infiltration area that had a higher than average dye concentrations. Results indicate that (1) statistically, the dye concentration in the upper soil layers (0 to 3 cm) have a higher average dye concentration with less variability than the middle and lower soil layers; (2) the majority of the infiltration solution appeared to pass through 23% of the infiltration area; and (3) the spatial distribution of the dye concentrations are highly heterogeneous. The statistically and spatially heterogeneous dye distribution suggests that under ponded infiltration conditions in no-till systems, preferential flow may be the primary mechanism affecting the distribution of infiltrating water throughout the 0- to 10-cm depth. The heterogeneous dye distribution suggests preferential flow was established in the 0- to 3-cm layer for most of the tests. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Biol Resources Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sadeghi, AM (reprint author), Bldg 007,Room 102,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sadeghiA@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 170 IS 11 BP 881 EP 891 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000196767.44165.fb PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 994ZI UT WOS:000234069300004 ER PT J AU Kelleners, TJ Seyfried, MS Blonquist, JM Bilskie, J Chandler, DG AF Kelleners, TJ Seyfried, MS Blonquist, JM Bilskie, J Chandler, DG TI Improved interpretation of water content reflectometer measurements in soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MOISTURE MEASUREMENT; CALIBRATION; SENSOR; REAL; CIRCUIT; DESIGN; PROBES AB Water content reflectometers use time domain reflectometry (TDR) to estimate the apparent permittivity of soil, which in turn can be related to the soil water content. The objective of this study is to develop a physical model for water content reflectometers. The length of the sensor rods and the delay time of the circuitry in the probe head are the two unknown parameters. The two parameters are determined both analytically, using sensor readings in air and deionized water, and by optimization, using air and non-conductive fluids. The calibrated parameters are used to calculate the apparent permittivity as a function of water content for sensor readings in five soils, ranging from sand to silt loam. Calculated permittivity values are compared with Topp's permittivity-water content relationship. Results show that the calculated permittivity values for the sand compare reasonably well with Topp's equation. The permittivity in the sandy loam to silt loam soils is overestimated by as much as 104 dimensionless permittivity units. The overestimated permittivity values are due to dielectric dispersion and ionic conductivity, brought about by the low effective frequency in the electromagnetic pulse of the sensors as compared with standard TDR. The performance of the reflectometers may be improved by increasing the frequency of operation of the sensors from < 175 MHz to > 1 GHz. At higher frequencies, the sensors become less sensitive to ionic conductivity. Furthermore, dielectric dispersion becomes less of an issue at higher frequencies, thereby increasing the applicability of existing permitivity-water content relationships such as Topp's equation. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Kelleners, TJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tkelleners@cc.usu.edu RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1684 EP 1690 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0023 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500002 ER PT J AU Ingram, LJ Schuman, GE Stahl, PD Spackman, LK AF Ingram, LJ Schuman, GE Stahl, PD Spackman, LK TI Microbial respiration and organic carbon indicate nutrient cycling recovery in reclaimed soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION; NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE; METABOLIC QUOTIENT; DRIED SOIL; MATTER; ECOSYSTEM; PLANTS; BIOMASS AB Soil quality and the ability of soil to sustain nutrient cycling in drastically disturbed ecosystems will influence the establishment and maintenance of a permanent and stable plant community. We undertook research to evaluate a recently developed method to assess soil quality and nutrient cycling potential in a series of reclaimed soils. The method involves correlating the 3-d flush of microbial respiration after a soil is rewetted against a range of soil biological parameters. Soils were sampled from a number of reclaimed coal mines, a reclaimed uranium mine, and native, undisturbed prairie. All sites were located in semiarid Wyoming. Soils were dried at 55 degrees C, rewetted, and microbial respiration measured at 3 d (Cmin(0-3d)) and 21 d (Cmin(0-21d))- In addition, microbial biomass C (MBC), N mineralization (Nmin(0-21d)), soil organic C (SOC), and total N were also measured. Correlations between Cmin(0-3d) and the measured soil parameters in reclaimed and native soils were generally strong (r(2) >= 0.45) and highly significant (P = 0.0001). Differences between reclaimed and native soils were observed, with native soils exhibiting more variability, possibly due to: differences in soil homogeneity/heterogeneity, the relative lability of the substrates present; different microbial communities; and differences in soil structural properties. Correlations between Cmin(0-3d) and the measured soil parameters in spoil material, while significant, were less well correlated. We believe this method is a relatively fast, accurate, and economical means by which soil quality and nutrient cycling can be ascertained. We estimated that a minimum concentration of 0.52% SOC or 0.89% soil organic matter (SOM) is necessary to sustain an adequate level of nutrient cycling in these reclaimed soils. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Dept Environm Qual, Land Qual Div, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. RP Ingram, LJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM lachy@uwyo.edu RI Ingram, Lachlan/E-3529-2013 OI Ingram, Lachlan/0000-0002-4697-9504 NR 61 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1737 EP 1745 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0371 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500008 ER PT J AU Ganjegunte, GK Vance, GF Preston, CM Schuman, GE Ingram, LJ Stahl, PD Welker, JM AF Ganjegunte, GK Vance, GF Preston, CM Schuman, GE Ingram, LJ Stahl, PD Welker, JM TI Organic carbon composition in a northern mixed-grass prairie: Effects of grazing SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OXIDE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; GREAT-PLAINS GRASSLANDS; C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SOIL HUMIC ACIDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FOREST SOILS; CPMAS NMR; LITTER DECOMPOSITION AB Growing interest in the potential for soils to provide a sink for atmospheric C has prompted studies of effects of management on the amount and nature of soil organic C (SOC). In this study, we evaluated effects of different grazing management regimes (light grazing [LG], heavy grazing [HG], and non-grazed exclosures [EX]) on amount and composition of SOC at the USDA-ARS High Plains Grasslands Research Station (HPGRS), Cheyenne, WY. Soils (0-5 cm) from each treatment were analyzed for total C and N contents and lignin composition. Soil organic C and N contents were significantly greater in LG (SOC-13.8 Mg ha(-1); total N-1.22 Mg ha(-1)) than HG (SOC-10.9 Mg ha(-1); total N-0.94 Mg ha(-1)) or EX (SOC-10.8 Mg ha(-1); total N4.94 Mg ha(-1)). From CuO oxidation studies, significantly greater (P < 0.05) total lignin (Vanillyl [V] + Syringyl [S] + Cinnamyl [C] compounds) contents were noted in EX (21 g kg(-1) SOC) than LG (12 g kg(-1) SOC) and HG (15 g kg(-1) SOC) soils. The lignin composition of humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acids indicated that HA under LG contained significantly greater V and S than HG or EX. Fulvic acids contained S-depleted lignin compared with HAs and FAs from HG, which contained significantly greater V and C than FAs extracted from LG and EX. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of HA and FA, however, did not vary significantly among the three grazing treatments. Results from CuO oxidation and NMR spectroscopy emphasized the familiar problem that determining the nature of soil organic matter (SOM) is a difficult task and sometimes different analytical techniques provide different information about the nature of SOM. Nonetheless, results of this study indicate that LG is the most sustainable grazing management system for northern mixed-grass prairies. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Rangeland Resource Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Univ Alaska, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Vance, GF (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gfv@uwyo.edu RI Ganjegunte, Girisha/A-9679-2008; Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; Ingram, Lachlan/E-3529-2013 OI Ingram, Lachlan/0000-0002-4697-9504 NR 69 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1746 EP 1756 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0200 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500009 ER PT J AU Ping, CL Michaelson, GJ Packee, EC Stiles, CA Swanson, DK Yoshikawa, K AF Ping, CL Michaelson, GJ Packee, EC Stiles, CA Swanson, DK Yoshikawa, K TI Soil catena sequences and fire ecology in the boreal forest of Alaska SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR ALASKA; PERMAFROST; CARBON; TEMPERATURE; THRESHOLDS; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE; IRON AB This paper is the first to provide chemical, physical, and morphological properties of the soils in the boreal region of Alaska and to demonstrate the dominant effect of landscape attributes in soil formation. This study was conducted to characterize soils and landscape relationships in the boreal forest of Alaska. Sites representing major landform positions and vegetation communities were selected for study. Well-drained, shallow to moderately deep Inceptisols occur on the drier and warmer south aspect slopes with thin (5-9 cm) organic horizons and loamy textures. Poorly drained Gelisols form on wet and cold north aspect slopes and valley floors with thick (18-52 cm) organic horizons and permafrost within 45 to 60 cm of the surface. On the latter, mineral horizons are reduced. Soils on the ridgetop show features of relic, nonsorted circle (a type of pattern grounds) that indicate a previous periglacial environment. The mineral soil on backslopes is shallow to moderately deep due to gelifluction and slope movement but deep toward toeslopes. Charcoal particles, commonly found within the soil profiles, attest to frequent fire events in the past. Fire has the greatest impact on soil properties on south aspect slopes because the organic horizons are thin and dry, and easily destroyed by fire. The underlying mineral horizons often develop hydrophobicity resulted from moderately and severe burn. Slope, aspect, and slope gradient are major controlling factors for the contrasting soil types along the catena sequences in the watershed. C1 Univ Alaska, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Fairbanks, AK USA. Univ Alaska, Water Resource & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Ping, CL (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM pfclp@uaa.alaska.edu NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1761 EP 1772 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0139 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500011 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Rickman, D AF Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Rickman, D TI IKONOS imagery to estimate surface soil property variability in two Alabama physiographies SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; PARTICLE-SIZE; FIELD; PREDICTION; DELINEATION; MINERALOGY; CREATION AB Knowledge of surface soil properties is used to assess past erosion and predict erodibility, determine nutrient requirements, and assess surface texture for soil survey applications. This study was designed to evaluate high resolution IKONOS multispectral data as a soil-mapping tool. Imagery was acquired over conventionally tilled fields in the Coastal Plain and Tennessee Valley physiographic regions of Alabama. Acquisitions were designed to assess the impact of surface crusting, roughness, and tillage on our ability to depict soil property variability. Soils consisted mostly of fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults at the Coastal Plain site and fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults at the Tennessee Valley site. Soils were sampled in 0.20-ha grids to a depth of 15 cm and analyzed for percentages of sand (0.05-2 mm), silt (0.002-0.05 mm), clay (<0.002 mm), citrate-dithionite extractable Fe, and total C (TC). Four methods of evaluating variability in soil attributes were evaluated: (i) kriging of soil attributes, (ii) cokriging with soil attributes and reflectance data, (iii) multivariate regression based on the relationship between reflectance and soil properties, and (iv) fuzzy c-means clustering of reflectance data. Results indicate that cokriging with remotely sensed (RS) data improved field scale estimates of surface TC and clay content compared with kriging and regression methods. Fuzzy c-means worked best using remotely sensed data acquired over freshly tilled fields, reducing soil property variability within soil zones compared with field scale soil property variability. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NASA, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, NSSTC, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dgs@tifton.usda.gov OI Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 NR 35 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1789 EP 1798 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0071 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500014 ER PT J AU Edwards, I Gillespie, A Chen, J Johnsen, K Turco, R AF Edwards, I Gillespie, A Chen, J Johnsen, K Turco, R TI Spatial distribution of ammonium and calcium in optimally fertilized pine plantation soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; GROWTH-RESPONSES; NUTRIENT; WATER; VARIABILITY; FOREST; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS AB Commercial timber production is increasingly reliant on long-term fertilization to maximize stand productivity, yet we do not understand the extent to which this practice homogenizes soil properties. The effects of 16 yr of optimal fertilization and optimal fertilization with irrigation (fertigation) on forest floor depth, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content, and concentrations of potentially plant available NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Al3+ in the fine root zone of monoculture loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in North Carolina were examined. Generally, optimal fertilization significantly increased forest floor depth and the concentrations of potentially plant available NH4+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. No significant effects on TOC or TN were observed. However, differences were observed between optimally fertilized and fertigated treatments. Specifically, fertilization alone tended to retain more Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the root zone and to increase pH more than fertigation. Semivariogram analysis indicated optimal fertilization generally lead to a significant increase in the effective spatial autocorrelation ranges of NH4+ and Ca2+ at the end of the growing season, from approximately 25 m in controls to more than 100 m. However, optimally fertilized and fertigated plots differed in terms of their NH4+ and Ca-2(+) spatial autocorrelation ranges, with the ranges in fertigated plots being 1.5- to 2-fold greater. A comparison of kriged maps of NH4+ and Ca2+ availability in fall 2000 and spring 2001 suggested that the spatial distribution of Call, which has not been added to these soils for 6 yr, was stable, whereas the heterogeneity of NH4+ distribution increased post fertilization. C1 Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gillespie, A (reprint author), Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Pfendler Hall,715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM andyg@purdue.edu RI Turco, Ronald/B-8739-2008 OI Turco, Ronald/0000-0002-1794-1486 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1813 EP 1821 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0112 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500017 ER PT J AU Ares, A Terry, TA Miller, RE Anderson, HW Flaming, BL AF Ares, A Terry, TA Miller, RE Anderson, HW Flaming, BL TI Ground-based forest harvesting effects on soil physical properties and Douglas-Fir growth SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PINUS-CONTORTA; COMPACTED SOIL; PONDEROSA PINE; SEEDLINGS; DISTURBANCE; REMOVAL; PRODUCTIVITY; WASHINGTON; RESPONSES; VOLUME AB Soil properties and forest productivity can be affected by heavy equipment used for harvest and site preparation but these impacts vary greatly with site conditions and operational practices. We assessed the effects of ground-based logging on soil physical properties and subsequent Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco] growth on a highly productive site receiving vegetation control in coastal Washington. We also tested the effectiveness of tillage in maintaining or enhancing site productivity. On average, about half of the area of ground-based harvested plots was affected by vehicular traffic. Sixty-three percent of the trees were planted on microsites with some degree of soil disturbance. Soil bulk density at the 0- to 30-cm depth increased from 0.63 to 0.82 Mg m(-3) in the most compacted portions of traffic lanes. The area-weighted increase in soil bulk density in the 0- to 30-cm depth was 27%. Soil strength in traffic lanes increased at all depths < 55 cm but never exceeded 1300 kPa. Tillage to the 60-cm depth returned the soil to its initial strength condition. Volumetric soil water content in compacted traffic lanes was greater than that in non-compacted soil. Total soil porosity decreased 10 to 13% with compaction, while available water holding capacity increased. In compacted soil, macropore space was reduced 40 to 52%. The study revealed no detrimental effects on tree height and diameter from soil compaction at age 4. At stand age 3, a tree volume index was actually greater for trees planted on traffic lanes than for those on non-disturbed soil. C1 Weyerhaeuser Co, Albany, OR 97322 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. ENSR Int, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Ares, A (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser Co, 2730 Pacific Blvd, Albany, OR 97322 USA. EM adrian.ares@weyerhaeuser.com NR 64 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1822 EP 1832 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0331 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500018 ER PT J AU Starr, JL Sadeghi, AM Pachepsky, YA AF Starr, JL Sadeghi, AM Pachepsky, YA TI Monitoring and modeling lateral transport through a large in situ chamber SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; RIPARIAN WETLAND; SOIL COLUMNS; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION; BLOCK; RIVER; FIELD AB Accurate characterization of lateral transport components is an important step toward a more quantitative assessment of the fate and transport of nutrients and the functionality of riparian/wetland systems. Our specific objectives were: (i) to design an in situ chamber for studying lateral flow under shallow watertable and riparian zone conditions; (ii) to monitor predominantly horizontal transport of nonconservative (NO3) and conservative (Br) tracers in shallow saturated zone of the soil monolith; and (iii) to obtain reaction and transport parameters, and additional insights about the How and transport inside the soil monolith. HYDRUS-2D model was used to simulate flow and transport of Br and NO,,, and to evaluate the applicability of this model to the observed flow and transport. Advective-dispersive equation (ADE) and mobile-immobile zone model (MIM) options were tested using the Br data. The breakthrough curves (BTCs) of NO3 and Br were similar while the concentrations rose, then became distinctly different with NO., concentrations decreasing much faster. The calibrated denitrification rate of 0.713 +/- 0.211 d(-1) was about an order and a half of magnitude larger in the loam layer (25-35 cm) than in the overlaying sandy loam layer (0-25 cm) and in the sandy clay loam layer (35-65 cm) below. Up to 60% of the introduced NO., was lost to denitrification. The methodology presented here allowed the in situ estimation reaction and transport needed for modeling; and it showed a potential to provide detailed information critical for the interpretation of the modeling outcomes performed at field and watershed levels. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sadeghi, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sadeghia@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1871 EP 1880 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0162 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500023 ER PT J AU Stromberger, ME Klose, S Ajwa, H Trout, T Fennimore, S AF Stromberger, ME Klose, S Ajwa, H Trout, T Fennimore, S TI Microbial populations and enzyme activities in soils fumigated with methyl bromide alternatives SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; METAM SODIUM; CHLOROPICRIN; BIOMASS; DEGRADATION; DIVERSITY; IMPACT; IODIDE AB Methyl bromide (MeBr; CH3Br) use for soil fumigation will be banned in 2005 due to its ozone depleting properties. Potential alternative chemicals to replace MeBr include chloropicrin (CP; CCl3NO2), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D; C3H4Cl2), iodomethane (IM; CH3I), and propargyl bromide (PrBr; C3H3Br). The goal of this research was to assess changes in soil fungal populations, microbial biomass C (MBc) and respiration, nitrification potential, and enzyme activities after fumigation with MeBr and alternative fumigants. Four formulations of alternative fumigants (CP, InLine [61% 1,3-D plus 33% CP], Midas [50% IM plus 50% CPJ, and PrBr) were applied at commercial rates through drip irrigation systems to two field plots located in main strawberry production areas in California, USA. Soil samples (0-15 cm) were taken at 1, 4, and 30 or 37 wk after fumigant application. Fumigation with MeBr plus CP and the alternative chemicals eliminated soil-borne fungal pathogens in soil and reduced culturable fungal populations up to 4 wk post fumigation. Soil microbial respiration decreased with fumigant application and was the least (>40% reduction relative to the control) in the PrBr treatment I wk after fumigation, while soil MBc was not affected by fumigation. The activities of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase were generally lower in fumigated soils over the 30-or 37-wk study, and those of P-glucosidase and dehydrogenase were lower up to 4 wk past fumigation. Potential nitrification rates were substantially reduced (>55% reduction relative to the control) by the fumigants, but rates recovered toward the end of this study. Results of this study suggested that fungal populations and the activities of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase were more sensitive to fumigation with the tested MeBr and the alternative fumigants than total microbial biomass, microbial respiration, nitrification, and the activities of dehydrogenases and P-glucosidase. Short-term impacts of MeBr and its alternative fumigants on microbial activities and enzymatic processes suggest that all the tested fumigants have the potential to alter important microbial and enzymatic functions such as nutrient cycling. C1 Univ Calif, Dep Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ajwa, H (reprint author), Univ Calif, Dep Plant Sci, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM haajwa@ucdavis.edu RI Stromberger, Mary/C-3070-2013; OI Stromberger, Mary/0000-0002-5862-2932; Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 51 TC 27 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1987 EP 1999 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0076 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500034 ER PT J AU Bailey, SW Horsley, SB Long, RP AF Bailey, SW Horsley, SB Long, RP TI Response to "Comments on 'Thirty years of change in forest soils of the Allegheny Plateau, Pennsylvania"' - Response SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. USDA ARS, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16365 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Bailey, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, NE Res Stn, Hubbard Brook Expt Forest,234 Mirror Lake Rd, Campton, NH 03223 USA. EM swbailey@fs.fed.us; shorsley@fs.fed.us; rlong@fs.fed.us NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 2077 EP 2078 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0198l PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500044 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Schwab, EB Dabney, SM AF Raper, RL Schwab, EB Dabney, SM TI Measurement and variation of site-specific hardpans for silty upland soils in the Southeastern United States SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; soil cone penetrometer; site-specific; cone index; hardpan; spatial; soil moisture ID COASTAL-PLAIN; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STRENGTH; YIELD; PENETROMETER; DEPTH; WATER; CORN AB Soil compaction in the form of a hardpan layer restricts root growth and reduces crop yield throughout the Southeastern United States. However, the depth of this compacted soil layer varies significantly over landscapes. A sampling procedure was developed and evaluated to determine the depth of the hardpan layer in upland soils of Grenada silt loam soil type in this region. Cone index profiles taken with a multiple-probe soil cone penetrometer in three fields were used to measure the hardpan depth and to predict their spatial variation. Continuous treatments of these fields for several years included conventional tillage, no-tillage, segregated traffic, and random traffic. Conventional tillage systems were found to bring the hardpan significantly closer to the soil surface as compared to no-till systems; in trafficked row middles by 0.144 m, directly beneath the rows by 0.165 m, and in no-trafficked row middles by 0.094 m. Little difference in depth of hardpan was found between a no-till field subjected to random traffic and a field where traffic was segregated. However, the effect of this random traffic was found to dramatically reduce the predicted range (which is a geo-statistical measure of field variability) from 43.2 m for the no-till field in the trafficked row middle as compared to 12.4 m for the randomly trafficked no-till field. This may indicate that the depth of the hardpan layer in these soils is brought uniformly closer to the soil surface by the effect of traffic, especially when annual tillage is not practiced which could alter this hardpan depth. This information about the variation of the hardpan layer will greatly assist researchers who are interested in developing site-specific tillage technologies to remedy this soil compaction condition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.08.010 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 968PX UT WOS:000232175600002 ER PT J AU Mancilla, GA Chen, S McCool, DK AF Mancilla, GA Chen, S McCool, DK TI Rill density prediction and flow velocity distributions on agricultural areas in the Pacific Northwest SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flow velocity; rill; rill density; rill formation; roughness; soil erosion; transport capacity ID OVERLAND-FLOW; SOIL-EROSION; INITIATION; RUNOFF; MODEL AB This research focused on rill formation, rill density, and associated flow velocity distribution in rills at the field level and with different tillage treatments in the inland Pacific Northwest. The study was conducted by applying flow at three different rates under winter conditions, which provides the greatest potential for rill formation. The following tillage treatments were tested: chisel plow, moldboard plow, conventional seedbed tillage, and unfilled stubble from no-till seeded peas. Twelve plots of 7.3 m(2) were established for each tillage treatment and flow applied on them. The conventional seedbed tillage plots were the most susceptible to rill formation, with one or two resultant rills per meter. On the opposite, the unfilled stubble plots did not form rills in most of the cases. Increase in applied flow, soil moisture content, and slope appeared to favor rill formation, while the effect of random roughness and residue was the opposite. By including these variables, an equation for predicting rill density was developed. Rill flow velocity distributions were clearly different for each tillage treatment. Higher flow velocities implied the formation of more rills. At least 0.35 m(2)/m(2) of residue cover was necessary to reduce in a half the average flow velocity in the unfilled stubble plots respect to the conventional seedbed plots. Therefore, the use of unfilled stubble tillage system is recommended to minimize soil erosion. These results provide information for advancing the understanding of the rill erosion process. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, LJ Smith Hall 213,POB 646120, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM chens@wsu.edu NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.10.002 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 968PX UT WOS:000232175600006 ER PT J AU Haywood, JD AF Haywood, JD TI Influence of precommercial thinning and fertilization on total stem volume and lower stem form of loblolly pine SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE intermediate harvesting; nitrogen; phosphorus; Pinus taeda L.; precommercial thinning ID GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY AB Two cultural treatments were applied in an overstocked loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation (2,900 trees/ha after eight growing seasons): precommercial thinning (Yes or No) to 747 trees/ha after the eighth growing season and broadcast fertilization (Yes or No) with diammonium phosphate (150 kg/ha of P and 135 kg/ha of N) early in the ninth growing season. Total height and diameter at breast height (dbh) measurements were taken periodically through the 14th growing season. Fertilization increased tree volume more than thinning in the 9th through 10th growing seasons, but thinning was most effective by the 13th growing season. Over the 6-year period, thinning was the most effective cultural practice: check, 110 din 3;fertilized only, 135 dm(3); thinned only, 165 din 3; and thinned and fertilized, 220 dm(3)/loblolly pine tree. After the 14th growing season, the first 5 m of bole was divided into five sections beginning at a 15-cm stump height: 15-30, 30-60, 60-125, 125-250, and 250-500 cm, and the volume for each section was calculated. Outside-bark volume per section increased consistently with thinning and fertilization; therefore, cultural practices did not change stem form in the lower bole. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Haywood, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM dhaywood@f.s.fed.us NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 29 IS 4 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 983ID UT WOS:000233223900007 ER PT J AU Ranjan, R Lubowski, RN AF Ranjan, R Lubowski, RN TI A model of producer incentives for livestock disease management SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE livestock disease; asymmetric information; reporting; indemnities; risk management ID IMPACT; POLICY AB We examine the management of livestock diseases from the producers' perspective, incorporating information and incentive asymmetries between producers and regulators. Using a stochastic dynamic model, we examine responses to different policy options including indemnity payments, subsidies to report at-risk animals, monitoring, and regulatory approaches to decreasing infection risks when perverse incentives and multiple policies interact. This conceptual analysis illustrates the importance of designing efficient combinations of regulatory and incentive-based policies. C1 Univ Florida, Food & Resource Econ Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ranjan, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Food & Resource Econ Dept, G 097,McCarty Hall B,POB 110240, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM RRanjan@ifas.ufl.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s00477-005-0237-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 978XQ UT WOS:000232906700002 ER PT J AU Staples, GW Wiersema, JH Chambers, NA Austin, DF AF Staples, GW Wiersema, JH Chambers, NA Austin, DF TI The restoration of Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq. (Convolvulaceae) SO TAXON LA English DT Editorial Material DE Convolvulaceae; Ipomoea; nomenclature ID AMERICA AB Confusion about the dates Of publication for Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq. and I. muricata Cav. has resulted ill both names being set aside in favour of later names proposed for these two distinct taxa. Investigation of the publication date for Jacquin's Plantae Rariorum Horti Caesari Schoenbrunnensis clarifies the nomenclature For these two tropical morning glories. Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq. is the earlier name, and it is herein reinstated for the plant recently called L turbinata Lagasca by some authors. Ipomoea capillacea (Kunth) G. Don is the correct name for I. muricata Cav. C1 Bernice P Bishop Museum, Bot, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Joseph Banks Arch Project, London SW7 5BD, England. Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, Conservat & Sci Dept, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA. RP Staples, GW (reprint author), Bernice P Bishop Museum, Bot, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM gstaples@bishopmuseum.org; jwiersema@ars-grin.gov; n.chambers@nhm.ac.uk; daustin@desertmuseum.org OI Wiersema, John/0000-0001-9383-2807 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1079 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 005HG UT WOS:000234812600024 ER PT J AU Vales, MI Schon, CC Capettini, F Chen, XM Corey, AE Mather, DE Mundt, CC Richardson, KL Sandoval-Islas, JS Utz, HF Hayes, PM AF Vales, MI Schon, CC Capettini, F Chen, XM Corey, AE Mather, DE Mundt, CC Richardson, KL Sandoval-Islas, JS Utz, HF Hayes, PM TI Effect of population size on the estimation of QTL: a test using resistance to barley stripe rust SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE hordeum vulgare; puccinia striiformis f. sp hordei; quantitative trait loci; selective genotyping; selective phenotyping; random sampling ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HORDEUM-VULGARE; LINKAGE MAPS; BIAS; MARKERS; GENES; VALIDATION; TOLERANCE; SAMPLES AB The limited population sizes used in many quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection experiments can lead to underestimation of QTL number, overestimation of QTL effects, and failure to quantify QTL interactions. We used the barley/barley stripe rust pathosystem to evaluate the effect of population size on the estimation of QTL parameters. We generated a large (n=409) population of doubled haploid lines derived from the cross of two inbred lines, BCD47 and Baronesse. This population was evaluated for barley stripe rust severity in the Toluca Valley, Mexico, and in Washington State, USA, under field conditions. BCD47 was the principal donor of resistance QTL alleles, but the susceptible parent also contributed some resistance alleles. The major QTL, located on the long arm of chromosome 4H, close to the Mlo gene, accounted for up to 34% of the phenotypic variance. Subpopulations of different sizes were generated using three methods-resampling, selective genotyping, and selective phenotyping-to evaluate the effect of population size on the estimation of QTL parameters. In all cases, the number of QTL detected increased with population size. QTL with large effects were detected even in small populations, but QTL with small effects were detected only by increasing population size. Selective genotyping and/or selective phenotyping approaches could be effective strategies for reducing the costs associated with conducting QTL analysis in large populations. The method of choice will depend on the relative costs of genotyping versus phenotyping. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Inst, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. ICARDA CIMMYT Barley Program, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Adelaide, Mol Plant Breeding Cooperat Res Ctr, Sch Agr & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colegio Postgraduados, Inst Fitosan, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Vales, MI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Mather, Diane/A-1857-2009; Schoen, Chris/G-1867-2011 OI Mather, Diane/0000-0001-7506-2589; NR 45 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 111 IS 7 BP 1260 EP 1270 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0043-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 984SF UT WOS:000233323900004 PM 16179997 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Brown-Guedira, GL Hatchett, JH Owuoche, JO Chen, MS AF Liu, XM Brown-Guedira, GL Hatchett, JH Owuoche, JO Chen, MS TI Genetic characterization and molecular mapping of a Hessian fly-resistance gene transferred from T-turgidum ssp dicoccum to common wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; Hessian fly; resistance gene; gene mapping; marker; KS99WGRC42 ID BREAD WHEAT; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; UNITED-STATES; STS MARKERS; BIOTYPE-D; D-GENOME; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE AB A gene (temporarily designated Hdic) conferring resistance to the Hessian fly (Hf) [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] was previously identified from an accession of German cultivated emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schubler) Thell] PI 94641, and was transferred to the Hf- resistant wheat germplasm KS99WGRC42. The inheritance of Hdic resistance exhibited incomplete penetrance because phenotypes of some heterozygous progenies are fully resistant and the others are fully susceptible. Five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (Xgwm136,Xcfa2153, Xpsp2999,Xgwm33, and Xbarc263) were linked to the Hdic gene on the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A in the same region as the H9, H10, and H11 loci. Flanking markers Xgwm33 and Xcfa2153 were mapped at distances 0.6 cM proximal and 1.4 cM distal, respectively. Marker analysis revealed that a very small intercalary chromosomal segment containing Hdic was transferred from emmer wheat to KS99WGRC42. This is the first emmer-derived Hf-resistance gene that has been mapped and characterized. The Hdic gene confers a high level of antibiosis to biotypes GP and L, as well as to strains vH9 and vH13 of the Hf, which is different from the biotype reaction patterns of the known Hf-resistance genes on chromosome 1A (H5 and H11 susceptible to biotype L, H9 and H10 susceptible to strain vH9). These results suggested that Hdic is either a new gene or a novel allele of a known H gene on chromosome 1A. The broad spectrum of resistance conferred by the Hdic gene makes it valuable for developing Hf resistant wheat cultivars. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mchen@ksu.edu NR 49 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 111 IS 7 BP 1308 EP 1315 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0059-3 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 984SF UT WOS:000233323900009 PM 16136351 ER PT J AU Xu, M Palmer, RG AF Xu, M Palmer, RG TI Molecular mapping of k2 Mdh1-n y20, an unstable chromosomal region in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; STERILE MUTANT; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; GENOME; K2 AB In the soybean genome, a chromosomal region covering three tightly linked genes, k2, Mdh1-n, and y20, was found very unstable. It was suspected that the instability of the k2 Mdh1-n y20 chromosomal region was caused by a non-autonomous transposable element residing adjacent to or in this region. In this study, we located and mapped this region with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on the soybean integrated map using five mapping populations. The k2 Mdh1-n y20 chromosomal region was located on molecular linkage group H. The integrated map from five mapping populations consisted of 13 loci in the order Satt541, Satt469, Sat_122, Satt279, Satt253, Satt314, Mdh1-n,y20, k2, Satt302, Satt142, Satt181, and Satt434. The k2 Mdh1-n y20 chromosomal region was very close to Satt314, Satt253, and Satt279. The genetic distance between the Mdh1-n gene and Satt314 was less than 1 cM. The results of the mapping study were consistent with the results from previous studies that the Mdh1-n mutation in T261 (k2 Mdh1-n) and the Mdh1-n y20 mutation in T317 (Mdh1-n y20) were caused by deletions. In addition, another putative deletion was found in the genome of T261 which covered three SSR markers (Satt314, Satt253, and Satt279). C1 ARS, USDA, CICGR, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CICGR, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpalmer@iastate.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1457 EP 1465 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0027-y PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 983QC UT WOS:000233246200001 PM 16088398 ER PT J AU Lalli, DA Decroocq, V Blenda, AV Schurdi-Levraud, V Garay, L Le Gall, O Damsteegt, V Reighard, GL Abbott, AG AF Lalli, DA Decroocq, V Blenda, AV Schurdi-Levraud, V Garay, L Le Gall, O Damsteegt, V Reighard, GL Abbott, AG TI Identification and mapping of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in Prunus: a resistance map for Prunus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; PERSICA L. BATSCH; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; LINKAGE MAP; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; VIRUS-RESISTANCE; MYROBALAN PLUM; MOSAIC-VIRUS; SSR MARKERS; PEACH AB The genetically anchored physical map of peach is a valuable tool for identifying loci controlling economically important traits in Prunus. Breeding for disease resistance is a key component of most breeding programs. The identification of loci for pathogen resistance in peach provides information about resistance loci, the organization of resistance genes throughout the genome, and permits comparison of resistance regions among other genomes in the Rosaceae. This information will facilitate the breeding of resistant species of Prunus. A candidate gene approach was implemented for locating resistance loci in the genome of peach. Candidate genes representing NBS-LRR, kinase, transmembrane domain classes, as well as, pathogen response (PR) proteins and resistance-associated transcription factors were hybridized to a peach BAC library and mapped by using the peach physical map database and the Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR). A resistance map for Prunus was generated and currently contains 42 map locations for putative resistance regions distributed among 7 of the 8 linkage groups. C1 INRA, Ctr Bordeaux, IBVM UMR GDPP Virol, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC 29648 USA. ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. AGRO M, F-34060 Montpellier, France. RP Decroocq, V (reprint author), INRA, Ctr Bordeaux, IBVM UMR GDPP Virol, BP 81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. EM decroocq@bordeaux.inra.fr RI schurdi-levraud, valerie/B-8490-2008; Le Gall, Olivier/C-4820-2011; Decroocq, Veronique/M-1059-2016 OI Le Gall, Olivier/0000-0002-8547-6061; Decroocq, Veronique/0000-0001-6745-6350 NR 53 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1504 EP 1513 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0079-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 983QC UT WOS:000233246200005 PM 16195885 ER PT J AU Yang, J Bai, GH Shaner, GE AF Yang, J Bai, GH Shaner, GE TI Novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat cultivar Chokwang SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BREAD WHEAT; SCAB RESISTANCE; SPRING WHEAT; SSR MARKERS; MAP; POLYMORPHISM; AMPLIFICATION; CHROMOSOME; BARLEY; GENES AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat. This study was to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance and the molecular markers closely linked to the QTL in wheat cultivar Chokwang. The primers of 612 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 12 target-region-amplified polymorphism (TRAP) marker were analyzed between resistant (Chokwang) and susceptible (Clark) parents. One hundred and seventy-two polymorphic markers were used to screen a population of 79 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Chokwang and Clark. One major QTL, Qfhb.ksu-5DL1, was identified on chromosome 5DL. The SSR marker Xbarc 239 was mapped in the QTL region, and also physically located to the bin of 5DL1-0.60-0.74 by using Chinese Spring deletion lines. Another QTL Qfhb.ksu-4BL1was linked to SSR Xbarc 1096 and tentatively mapped on 4BL. A QTL on 3BS, Qfhb.ksu-3BS1, was also detected with marginal significance in this population. Different marker alleles for these QTL were detected between Chokwang and Sumai 3 and its derivatives. These results suggested that Chokwang contains new QTL for FHB resistance that are different from those in Sumai 3. Pyramiding resistance QTL from various sources may enhance FHB resistance in wheat cultivars. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 37 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1571 EP 1579 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0087-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 983QC UT WOS:000233246200012 PM 16172894 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, TL Congleton, JL TI Oxidative stress in migrating spring Chinook salmon smolts of hatchery origin: Changes in vitamin E and lipid peroxidation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA WALBAUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; GAS SUPERSATURATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; COLUMBIA RIVERS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; RAINBOW-TROUT; FREE-RADICALS; FATTY-ACIDS AB Polar lipid peroxidation (LPO), a measure of oxidative damage to membrane lipids, and concentrations of the antioxidant vitamin E were determined for kidney and liver tissues of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha sampled before release from three hatcheries in the Snake River basin, Idaho, and from juvenile fish bypass systems at several dams in the Columbia-Snake River federal hydropower system. Oxidative stress, as indicated by LPO, significantly increased in migrating juveniles after they left the hatchery in each of the study years (1999 and 2000). The largest increase in liver LPO occurred between the hatcheries and Lower Granite Dam (the first dam encountered by migrating fish) with little or no additional change as the fish migrated through the hydropower system. Kidney LPO, on the other hand, continued to increase as the fish migrated to lower Columbia River dams 348-461 km downstream. Levels of vitamin E were inversely correlated with LPO. Postrelease decreases in vitamin E were significant for kidney tissue in 1999 and for liver tissue in 2000. Liver and kidney LPO indices were higher and vitamin E concentrations were lower in 1999 than in 2000, possibly because river flows, spill levels at the dams, and dissolved gas levels in the river were higher in 1999. Liver vitamin E was significantly lower in fish exposed to juvenile fish bypass systems at two or more dams (including the dam where they were sampled) than in fish bypassed only at the sampling location; however, greater exposure to bypasses did not increase liver or kidney LPO indices. Increased polar LPO could have adverse effects on a range of physiological processes in migrating smolts. The significance of oxidative stress in migrating smolts will, however, remain uncertain until research is done to relate oxidative stress indices to biological function and fitness. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1499 EP 1508 DI 10.1577/TO4-157.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994EJ UT WOS:000234013100010 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Reeves, DW Shaw, JN van Santen, E Mask, RL AF Raper, RL Reeves, DW Shaw, JN van Santen, E Mask, RL TI Using site-specific subsoiling to minimize draft and optimize corn yields SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE crop yields; draft; precision agriculture; site-specific; soil compaction; subsoiling; tillage ID TILLAGE; SOILS AB Subsoiling is often required to alleviate soil compaction; however deep tillage can be expensive and time-consuming. If this tillage operation is conducted deeper than the compacted soil layer energy is wasted. However, if this tillage operation is conducted shallower than the compacted soil layer, energy is again wasted, and plant roots may be prevented from penetrating the compacted layer Technologies are now available that allow subsoiling to be conducted at the specific depth of the compacted layer which would conserve natural resources without sacrificing crop yields. An experiment was conducted over four years in a field located in southern Alabama to evaluate whether the concept of site-specific subsoiling (tilling just deep enough to eliminate the hardpan layer) would reduce tillage draft and energy requirements and/or reduce crop yields. Average corn (Zea mays L) yields over this four-year period showed that site-specific subsoiling produced yields equivalent to those produced by the uniform deep subsoiling treatment while reducing draft forces, drawbar power and fuel use. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2047 EP 2052 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 007FC UT WOS:000234953000002 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ Ehsani, MR Saraswat, D AF Allred, BJ Ehsani, MR Saraswat, D TI The impact of temperature and shallow hydrologic conditions on the magnitude and spatial pattern consistency of electromagnetic induction measured soil electrical conductivity SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE air temperature; apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa); electromagnetic induction (EMI); soil properties; soil temperature; volumetric moisture content; water table depth AB In situ measurement of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is an important precision agriculture tool for determining spatial changes in the soil properties affecting soil fertility. However dynamic temperature and shallow hydrologic conditions also influence the measured ECa and need to be considered. Therefore, the impact of temperature (air, soil) and shallow hydrologic conditions (soil moisture content, water table depth) on the magnitude and spatial patterns of ECa was evaluated. Eighty-eight ECa mapping surveys were conducted at a single test plot over an interval of two years. Soil electrical conductivity was measured by electromagnetic induction (EMI) at primary field frequencies of 8190, 14610, and 20010 Hz. Because results were similar at all three frequencies, analyses focused on the 14610 Hz data. The ECa surveys were grouped into four time periods for analysis based upon factory recalibration of the sensor climate changes, and a shift in instrument response. Reduced values of measured ECa occurred with air temperatures at or below 12 degrees C and/or soil temperatures at or below 8 degrees C. Correlation analysis within each of the four data groups showed that the average ECa within the test plot, was most strongly affected by near-surface volumetric moisture content (r(MC-ECa:) (Grp. Avg) = 0.73), followed by water table depth (r(WTD-ECa:) (Grp. Avg.) = -0.42), soil temperature (r(ST-ECa:) (Grp. Avg). = 0.14), and ambient air temperature (r(AT-ECa:) (Grp. Avg.) = -0.10). Correlation analysis of spatial ECa patterns between pairs of EMI surveys, conducted under a range of temperature and shallow hydrologic conditions, produced r(Spatial:) (ECa) (vs.) (ECa) values averaging 0.63 (standard deviation equaled 0.17), indicating that spatial ECa patterns remain relatively consistent over time. These ECa results indicate that the spatial ECa response is governed to a large extent by the spatial changes in soil properties and less by changes in shallow hydrologic conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. Ohio State Univ, FABE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr,Rm 234, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM allred.13@osu.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2123 EP 2135 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 007FC UT WOS:000234953000010 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Potter, TL Truman, CC Bednarz, CW Strickland, TC AF Bosch, DD Potter, TL Truman, CC Bednarz, CW Strickland, TC TI Surface runoff and lateral subsurface flow as a response to conservation tillage and soil-water conditions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE strip tillage; water budget; water conservation ID COTTON; INFILTRATION; SEDIMENT; SYSTEMS; LOSSES; YIELD AB Conservation tillage has significant potential as a water management tool for cotton production on sandy, drought-prone soils. Plant residue remaining at the soil surface from prior crops serves as a vapor barrier against water loss, reduces raindrop impact energy, slows surface runoff, and often increases infiltration. By increasing infiltration, the potential for greater plant-available water can be enhanced and irrigation requirements reduced. Five years of data were collected to quantify the hydrologic differences between strip till and conventional till production systems. Surface runoff and lateral subsurface flow were measured on six 0.2 ha plots in South Georgia in order to quantify the water-related effects of conservation tillage. Significant differences in surface and subsurface water losses were observed between the conventional and strip tilled plots. Surface runoff from the conventionally tilled plots exceeded that from the strip tilled plots, while subsurface losses were reversed. Surface runoff losses from the conventionally tilled plots exceeded those from the strip tilled plots by 81% (129 mm/year). Shallow lateral subsurface losses from the strip tilled plots exceeded those from the conventionally tilled plots by 73% (69 mm/year). Overall, a net annual gain of 60 mm of water was observed for the strip tilled plots. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dbosch@tifton.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2137 EP 2144 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 007FC UT WOS:000234953000011 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Theurer, ED Rebich, RA Moore, PA AF Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Theurer, ED Rebich, RA Moore, PA TI Phosphorus component in AnnAGNPS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS; model calibration and validation; phosphorus simulation; sensitivity analysis; watershed modeling ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; DRY-MATTER; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; MODEL; NITROGEN; COTTON; WATERSHEDS; LOSSES; AGNPS AB The USDA Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS) has been developed to aid in evaluation of watershed response to agricultural management practices. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of the model to simulate runoff and sediment, but not phosphorus (P). The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS on P simulation using comparisons with measurements from the Deep Hollow watershed of the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) project. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify input parameters whose impact is the greatest on P yields. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the most sensitive variables of those selected are initial soil P contents, P application rate, and plant P uptake. AnnAGNPS simulations of dissolved P yield do not agree well with observed dissolved P yield (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.34, R-2 of 0.51, and slope of 0.24); however AnnAGNPS simulations of total P yield agree well with observed total P yield (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.85, R-2 of 0.88, and slope of 0.83). The difference in dissolved P yield may be attributed to limitations in model simulation of P processes. Uncertainties in input parameter selections also affect the model's peformance. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USGS, Div Water Resources, Pearl, MS USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM yyuan@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2145 EP 2154 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 007FC UT WOS:000234953000012 ER PT J AU Shelby, JD Chescheir, GM Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM AF Shelby, JD Chescheir, GM Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM TI Hydrologic and water-quality response of forested and agricultural lands during the 1999 extreme weather conditions in eastern North Carolina SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE coastal plain; hurricane; hurricane Floyd; hydrology; nutrient export; water quality; watershed scale ID UNITED-STATES AB This study evaluated hydrologic and water-quality data collected on a coastal-plain research watershed during a series of hurricanes and tropical storms that hit coastal North Carolina in 1999, including hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene. During September and October 1999, the research watershed received approximately 555 mm of rainfall associated with hurricanes. This was the wettest such period in a 49-year historical weather record (1951-1999). Prior to the hurricanes, the watershed experienced a dry late winter, spring, and summer (565 cm for Feb. -Aug.). This was the third driest such period in the 49-year record. Maximum daily flow rates measured across the research watershed were greater during hurricane Floyd than for any other time in a four-year (1996-1999) study of the watershed. Daily flows observed for an agricultural subwatershed were generally greater than for a forested subwatershed throughout the study, and during the hurricanes of 1999. Daily nutrient loads measured across the research watershed were greater during hurricane Floyd than for any other time in the study. In general, the two-month period of hurricanes produced total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads nearly equal to average loads for an entire year Total annual nitrogen export from an agricultural subwatershed was 18 kg/ha in 1999, with 11 kg/ha (61%) lost during September and October Total annual nitrogen export from a forested subwatershed was 15 kg/ha in 1999, with 10 kg/ha (67%) lost during September and October The nitrogen export observed in the forested subwatershed was high compared to other forested areas, likely due to the highly permeable organic soils in the watershed. Total annual phosphorus export from an agricultural subwatershed was 0.9 kg/ha in 1999, with 0.7 kg/ha (78%) lost during the hurricanes/tropical storms. Total annual phosphorus load from a forested subwatershed was 0.1 kg/ha in 1999, with 74% of the load exported during the months of September and October Hurricanes and floods occur with some regularity in North Carolina, but the effects are infrequently documented. This study provides information that will contribute to greater understanding of how watersheds respond to these events. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Shelby, JD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jlduvall@ncsu.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2179 EP 2188 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 007FC UT WOS:000234953000016 ER PT J AU Wang, X Youssef, MA Skaggs, RW Atwood, JD Frankenberger, JR AF Wang, X Youssef, MA Skaggs, RW Atwood, JD Frankenberger, JR TI Sensitivity analyses of the nitrogen simulation model, DRAINMOD-N II SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE extended FAST; drainage; DRAINMOD-N II; nitrate-N; sensitivity analysis ID CALIBRATION; UNCERTAINTY; PARAMETERS; OUTPUT; RIVER AB A two-step global sensitivity analysis was conducted for the nitrogen simulation model DRAINMOD-N II to assess the sensitivity of model predictions of NO3-N losses with drainage water to various model inputs. Factors screening using the LH-OAT (Latin hypercube sampling - one at a time) sensitivity analysis method was performed as a first step considering 48 model parameters; then a variance-based sensitivity analysis was conducted for 20 model parameters, which were the parameters ranked 1 to 14 by the LH-OAT method, five organic carbon (OC) decomposition parameters, and the empirical shape factor of the temperature response function for the nitrification process. DRAINMOD-N II simulated a continuous corn production on a subsurface drained sandy loam soil using a 40-year (1951-1990) eastern North Carolina climatological record. Results from the first 20-year period of the simulations were used to initialize the soil organic matter pools, and results from the last 20-year period of the simulations were considered for the sensitivity analyses. Both yearly and 20-year average model predictions of NO3-N losses through drainage flow were used in the analyses. Both sensitivity analysis methods indicated that DRAINMOD-N II is most sensitive to denitrification parameters, especially those controlling temperature effect on process rate. Results also indicated that the model is mildly sensitive to the parameters controlling OC decomposition and associated N mineralization/immobilization. The use of different sensitivity analysis methods with dissimilar theoretical foundations increases the confidence in key parameters identification. More efforts should be focused on quantifying key parameters for more accurate model predictions. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Resource Inventory & Assessment Div, Temple, TX USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM swang@brc.tamus.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2205 EP 2212 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 007FC UT WOS:000234953000018 ER PT J AU Byram, TD Myszewski, JH Gwaze, DP Lowe, WJ AF Byram, T. D. Myszewski, J. H. Gwaze, D. P. Lowe, W. J. TI Improving wood quality in the western gulf forest tree improvement program: the problem of multiple breeding objectives SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Review DE tree improvement; wood quality; elite population breeding program ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PINUS-TAEDA L.; LOBLOLLY-PINE; MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; PROPERTY TRAITS; INCREMENT CORES; RADIATA PINE; IDENTIFICATION; STIFFNESS; DENSITY AB Currently, both industrial and private landowners in the Western Gulf Forest Tree Improvement Program (WGFTIP) area are compensated for their timber primarily based on the weight or volume of green wood reaching the mill gate. This places an immediate economic focus on adaptability and volume growth. However, selection for volume growth alone could result in decreased wood quality over time. Wood quality characteristics including stem straightness, wood specific gravity, and microfibril angle have either neutral or slightly unfavorable genetic correlations with volume growth in the WGFTIP loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) program. Since most WGFTIP members also consider wood quality an important selection criterion, the WGFTIP must define the best possible set of selection criteria given that (1) no single set of breeding objectives can be considered optimal for multiple products and (2) improvement in wood quality has no readily recognized economic importance in the existing market. To meet this challenge, the WGFTIP has implemented different strategies for its mainline breeding and deployment populations. In the mainline population, consistent breedng and selection criteria are used across members, while in the various deployment populations, selections are tailored to meet the specific needs of each member. The WGFTIP is also developing an elite wood quality population (WQEPop) based on backward selection. For the WQEPop to be successful, the economic importance of improved wood quality must be recognized, and landowners must be compensated for growing higher quality timber, especially if this results in reduced volume production. Improved methodology for within-family selection and for wood quality trait measurement is also important. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Forest Serv, Western Gulf Forest Tree Improvement Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Zobel Forestry Associates, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Myszewski, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Hwy 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM jmyszewski@fs.ted.us NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s11295-005-0017-x PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 145WJ UT WOS:000244896200001 ER PT J AU Scotti, I Burelli, A Cattonaro, F Chagne, D Fuller, J Hedley, PE Jansson, G Lalanne, C Madur, D Neale, D Plomion, C Powell, W Troggio, M Morgante, M AF Scotti, Ivan Burelli, Andrea Cattonaro, Federica Chagne, David Fuller, John Hedley, Peter E. Jansson, Gunnar Lalanne, Celine Madur, Delphine Neale, David Plomion, Christophe Powell, Wayne Troggio, Michela Morgante, Michele TI Analysis of the distribution of marker classes in a genetic linkage map: a case study in Norway spruce (Picea abies karst) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Picea abies; conifers; linkage map; genome structure; molecular markers; autocorrelation ID PINUS-TAEDA L.; DNA-FINGERPRINTING TECHNIQUES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; RAPD MARKERS; GENOME ORGANIZATION; OUTBRED PEDIGREE; AFLP MARKERS; RADIATA PINE; ESTP MARKERS; SEQUENCE AB In order to analyze the large-scale structure of the genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), a pseudo-testcross genetic linkage map was built using markers of six different types, belonging to the low (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats) or high (sequence-specific amplified polymorphisms, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms) copy-number fraction of the genome, and including expressed region-derived markers (expressed sequence tag polymorphisms). Twenty seven and 23 linkage groups of at least four markers were obtained for the female and the male parent maps, respectively. A subset of these linkage groups coalesced into 13 bi-parental linkage groups through markers shared between the two maps. This map was used to investigate the frequency of each marker type over chromosomes and the distribution of marker types relative to each other, using autocorrelation techniques. Our results show that, while the composition of chromosomes is homogeneous, low- and high-copy-number markers tend to occupy separate regions of the linkage groups, and that expressed sequences are preferentially associated with microsatellites and separated from retrotranspo sons. These results indicate that the spatial structure of Norway spruce chromosomes is not homogeneous. C1 INRA, UMR ECOFOG, Kourou 97387, French Guiana. Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci Agr & Ambientali, I-33100 Udine, Italy. INRA, UMR BIOGECO, F-33612 Cestas, France. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. Skogforsk, S-75183 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Davis, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv,Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Scotti, I (reprint author), INRA, UMR ECOFOG, Campus Agron,BP 709, Kourou 97387, French Guiana. EM ivan.scotti@kourou.cirad.fr RI Chagne, David/A-2596-2010; Hedley, Peter/F-1149-2011; plomion, christophe/F-7578-2013 OI Chagne, David/0000-0003-4018-0694; NR 56 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s11295-005-0012-2 PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 145WJ UT WOS:000244896200002 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Parkin, GW AF Evett, SR Parkin, GW TI Advances in soil water content sensing: The continuing maturation of technology and theory SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; IMPROVED CAPACITANCE TECHNIQUE; MOISTURE VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; PERMITTIVITY; DEPENDENCE; ALBEDO; FIELD AB Reproduced from Vadose Zone Journal. Published by Soil Science Society of America. All copyrights reserved. In what has become almost a tradition for Vadose Zone Journal, this special section, Soil Water Sensing, follows two related special sections: Advances in Measurement and Monitoring Methods (Vol. 2, Issue 4, 2003) and Hydrogeophysics, which also focused on measurement methods (Vol. 3, Issue 4, 2004). The tremendous interest in vadose zone monitoring reflects the intense societal interest in understanding our environment, the increasing comprehension of scale-dependence of vadose zone properties and processes, and the rapid changes occurring in sensing methods. In this article, we present an overview of the papers, many of which detail methods that rely on soil electromagnetic (EM) responses, including time domain reflectometry (TDR), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and capacitance methods. The papers also indicate key aspects of sensor performance requiring improvement through further sensor development. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Inst, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Land Resource Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Inst, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 986 EP 991 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0099 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 000OS UT WOS:000234472300012 ER PT J AU Robinson, DA Kelleners, TJ Cooper, JD Gardner, CMK Wilson, P Lebron I Logsdon, S AF Robinson, DA Kelleners, TJ Cooper, JD Gardner, CMK Wilson, P Lebron, I Logsdon, S TI Evaluation of a capacitance probe frequency response model accounting for bulk electrical conductivity: Comparison with TDR and network analyzer measurements SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; COMPLEX DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY; STANDARDIZING CHARACTERIZATION; LABORATORY CALIBRATION; MOISTURE MEASUREMENT; CONTENT SENSORS; SYSTEMS AB Soils ranging in texture from sand to clay were used to compare permittivity measurements made using a Surface Capacitance Insertion Probe (SCIP) and time domain reflectometer (TDR). Measurements were made using the same electrodes embedded in each soil, making the measurements directly comparable. The objective of the work was to test a model describing the frequency response of the SCIP to both permittivity and electrode conductance, and to compare results with TDR and network analyzer measurements. The model was tested using liquids of known permittivity and in saline, dielectric solutions. Surface Capacitance Insertion Probe and TDR determined permittivity values are similar for sandy soils but diverge for loam and clay soils. Using Topp's values as a reference, the SCIP-determined permittivities for loams and clays lay close to the curve at water contents < 0.25 m(3) m(-3), then often rose above the curve with increasing water content. Surface Capacitance Insertion Probe permittivity correction, using electrical conductivity (EC) measured at 1 kHz, corrected the results in sands reasonably well but not enough in loams and clays for reliable calibration. We propose three possible reasons for the higher than expected permittivity values observed using the SCIP: (i) higher than expected real permittivity created by dielectric dispersion, (ii) a large contribution of the imaginary permittivity due to relaxation processes assumed to be negligible, and (iii) poor model prediction of permittivity due to excessive damping of the oscillator circuit with high EC and dielectric losses. Results from network analyzer measurements for one of the clay soils were used to aid data interpretation. The TDR measurements were much more consistent, producing apparent relative permittivity values below those of the Topp curve for the finer textured soils. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Instrument Sect, Wallingford, Oxon, England. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, IAHS Press, Wallingford, Oxon, England. Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Robinson, DA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM darearthscience@yahoo.com RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010; lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867; lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 992 EP 1003 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0131 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 000OS UT WOS:000234472300013 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Evett, SR Tolk, JA Howell, TA TI Time domain reflectometry laboratory calibration in travel time, bulk electrical conductivity, and effective frequency SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MOISTURE MEASUREMENT; TEMPERATURE; PERMITTIVITY; DYNAMICS; DESIGN; REAL AB Accurate soil water content measurements to considerable depth are required for investigations of crop water use, water use efficiency, irrigation efficiency, and the hydraulic properties of soils. Although soil moisture neutron probe has served this need well, it cannot used unattended. Newer methods, which respond to the electrical of soils, typically allow data logging and unattended operation, but with uncertain precision, accuracy, and volume of sensitivity. In laboratory columns of three soils, we calibrated a conventional time domain reflectometry (TDR) system for use as a reference system for a companion study of water content sensors that are used in access tubes. Measurements were made before, during, and after wetting to saturation in triplicate repacked columns of three soils: (i) a silty clay loam (30% clay, 53% silt), (ii) a clay (48% clay, 39% silt), and (iii) a calcic clay loam (35% clay, 40% silt) containing 50% CaCO3. Each 75-cm-deep, 55-cm-diameter column was weighed continuously to 50-g precision on a platform scale. Conventional TDR measurements of water content and thermocouple measurements of temperature were made at eight depths in each column every 30 min. Accuracy of the TDR system was judged by the root mean squared difference (RMSD) between column mean water contents determined by mass balance and those determined using the Topp equation as a standard calibration. Smaller values of the RMSD metric indicated more accurate standard calibration. Although the TDR system exhibited RMSD < 0.03 m(3) m(-3) using the Topp equation, there were differences in accuracy between the three soils, and there was some temperature dependency at the saturated end, although not at the dry end. This paralleled the temperature dependency of the soil bulk electrical conductivity (BEC). Incorporation of bulk electrical conductivity and effective frequency of the TDR measurement into the calibration model reduced the calibration RMSE to < 0.01 m(3) m(-3) and practically eliminated temperature effects. Because the temperature effects on the TDR measurement are embedded in the BEC and effective frequency, a measurement of temperature is not needed to apply the calibration to these soils. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1029 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0046 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 000OS UT WOS:000234472300016 ER PT J AU Seyfried, MS Grant, LE Du, E Humes, K AF Seyfried, MS Grant, LE Du, E Humes, K TI Dielectric loss and calibration of the hydra probe soil water sensor SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; LABORATORY CALIBRATION; PERMITTIVITY; MOISTURE; TDR; CONDUCTIVITY; PROPAGATION; VELOCITY; MODEL AB Widespread interest in soil water content ( theta, m(3) m (-3)) information for both management and research has led to the development of a variety of soil water content sensors. In most cases, critical issues related to sensor calibration and accuracy have received little independent study. We investigated the performance of the Hydra Probe soil water sensor with the following objectives: ( i) quantify the intersensor variability, ( ii) evaluate the applicability of data from two commonly used calibration methods, and ( iii) develop and test two multi- soil calibration equations, one general, " default" calibration equation and a second calibration that incorporates the effects of soil properties. The largest deviation in the real component of the relative dielectric permittivity (epsilon(r)(')) determined with the Hydra Probe using 30 sensors in ethanol corresponded to a water content deviation of about 0.012 m(3)m (-3), indicating that a single calibration could be generally applied. In layered ( wet and dry) media, epsilon(r)(') determined with the Hydra Probe was different from that in uniform media with the same water In uniform media, theta was a linear function of root epsilon(r)('). We used this functional relationship to describe individual soil calibrations and the multi- soil calibrations. Individual soil calibrations varied independently of clay content but were correlated with dielectric loss. When applied to the 19- soil test data set, the general calibration outper-formed manufacturer- supplied calibrations. The average theta difference, evaluated between epsilon(r)(') = 4 and epsilon(r)(') = 36, was 0.019 m(3)m(-3) for the general equation and 0.013 m(3)m(-3) for the loss- corrected equation. C1 USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Seyfried, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM mseyfrie@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1070 EP 1079 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0148 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 000OS UT WOS:000234472300021 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB AF Wuest, SB TI Bias in ponded infiltration estimates due to sample volume and shape SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE INFILTRATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; MEASUREMENT SCALE; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; TILLAGE; WATER AB Estimates of saturated and unsaturated water flow in soil are important for predictions of infiltration, runoff, and solute transport. Previous research indicates that ponded infiltration estimates are influenced by the volume or cross-sectional area of the measurement. Our study quasi-steady infiltration measurements made using 20-, 30-, 45-cm-diameter cylinders driven 25 cm deep into 56 field plots under diverse agricultural management practices. Mean infiltration rate increased from 50, to 81, to 95 mm h(-1) as diameter increased. Standard deviation and range also increased with diameter. All three diameters produced lognormal data distributions. These results indicate that increasing the sample area is not equivalent to pooling of many smaller samples, which would have produced the same mean but with a lower variance. Follow-up experiments with a double-ring configuration or a divider placed in the center of a 45-cm cylinder demonstrated that adding vertical barriers reduced infiltration even when the total infiltration area was unchanged. A pulse of dye introduced 10 min before removing the ponded water showed an extensive network of dyed flow pathways in all but the slowest infiltration situations. The pathways were not associated with visible macropores. Careful consideration should be given to the dimensions of samples used to estimate saturated and possibly unsaturated flow from infiltration experiments. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM stewart.wuest@oregonstate.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1190 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0184 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 000OS UT WOS:000234472300031 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Richt, JA AF Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Richt, JA TI Second passage of sheep scrapie and transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) agents in raccoons (Procyon lotor) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-species transmission; immunohistochernistry (PrPres); raccoons (Procyon lotor); sheep scrapie; spongiform encephalopathy; strain differentiation; transmissible mink encephalopathy ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CATTLE; BSE; INOCULATION; DIAGNOSIS; STRAIN; MICE AB To determine the transmissibility and pathogenicity of sheep scrapie and transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) agents derived from raccoons (first passage), raccoon kits were inoculated intracerebrally with either TME (one source) or scrapie (two sources-each in separate groups of raccoons). Two uninoculated raccoon kits served as controls. All animals in the TME-inoculated group developed clinical signs of neurologic dysfunction and were euthanatized between postinoculation month (PIM) 6 and 8. Raccoons in the two scrapie-inoculated groups manifested similar clinical signs of disease, but such signs were observed much later and the animals were euthanized between PIM 12 and 18. Necropsy revealed no gross lesions in any of the raccoons. Spongiform encephalopathy was observed by use of light microscopy, and the presence of protease-resistant prion protein (Prp(res)) was detected by use of immunohistochemical (IHC) and Western blot analytic techniques. Results of IHC analysis indicated a distinct pattern of anatomic distribution of PrPres in the TME- and scrapie-inoculated raccoons. These findings confirm that TME and sheep scrapie are experimentally transmissible to raccoons and that the incubation periods and IHC distribution for both agents are distinct. Therefore, it may be possible to use raccoons for differentiating unknown transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents. Further studies, with regard to the incubation period and the pattern of PrPres deposition by use of IHC analysis in bovine spongiform encephalopathy and for other isolates of scrapie, chronic wasting disease, and TME in raccoons are needed before the model can be further characterized for differentiation of TSE agents. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 844 EP 851 DI 10.1354/vp.42-6-844 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 983WU UT WOS:000233263800016 PM 16301585 ER PT J AU Mecham, JO Johnson, DJ AF Mecham, JO Johnson, DJ TI Persistence of bluetongue virus serotype 2 (BTV-2) in the southeast United States SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bluetongue virus (BTV); epidemiology; sequence; phylogeny ID OUTER CAPSID PROTEIN; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; GENE; VP5; SEGMENTS; ISOLATE; CATTLE AB The prototype United States (US) strains of bluetongue virus serotype 2 [BTV-2 (OnaA) and BTV-2 (OnaB)] made in Florida in 1982 were compared to a recent BTV-2 (FL99) isolate made in Florida in 1999 to determine if the original strain(s) had persisted or if a new strain of BTV-2 had been re-introduced into the southeast US. Viral RNA and protein electropherotypes, and sequence analysis of five RNA genome segments for these early and later BTV-2 isolates were compared. These comparisons indicated that BTV-2 (OnaB) has persisted in the southeast US since its first isolation in 1982. Sequence analysis of concurrent isolates of BTV-13 (FL99) and BTV-17 (FL99) from the same location in Florida in 1999 provides evidence of genetic reassortment between BTV-2 and other co-circulating serotypes of BTV. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, APHIS, NVSL, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Mecham, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jmecham@uwyo.edu NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 2 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.022 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 973CK UT WOS:000232500300006 PM 15946757 ER PT J AU Logan, MV Reardon, KF Figueroa, LA McLain, JET Ahmann, DM AF Logan, MV Reardon, KF Figueroa, LA McLain, JET Ahmann, DM TI Microbial community activities during establishment, performance, and decline of bench-scale passive treatment systems for mine drainage SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE permeable reactive barrier; sulfate reduction; microbial community; mine drainage; groundwater treatment ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; LONG-TERM COMPETITION; SULFIDE PRECIPITATION; BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT; ANAEROBIC TREATMENT; REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS; WATER AB Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology, in which sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) facilitate precipitation of metal sulfides, is a promising approach for remediation of sulfate- and metal-laden mine drainage. While PRBs are easily established, they often decline for reasons not well understood. SRB depend on or compete with Multiple dynamic microbial populations within a PRB; as a result, performance depends on the changing PRB chemical composition and on succession and competition within the microbial community. To investigate these interactions, we constructed and monitored eight bench-scale PRBs to define periods of establishment, performance, and decline. We then conducted short-term batch studies, using substrate-supplemented column materials, on Days 0 (preestablishment), 27 (establishment), 41 (performance), and 99 (decline) to reveal potential activities of cellulolytic bacteria, fermenters + anaerobic respirers, SRB, and methanogens. PRBs showed active sulfate reduction, with sulfate removal rates (SRR) of similar to 1-3mol/m /d, as well as effective removal of Zn2+. Potential activities of fermentative+ anaerobic respiratory bacteria were initially high but diminished greatly during establishment and dropped further during performance and decline. In contrast, potential SRB activity rose during establishment, peaked during performance, and diminished as performance declined. Potential methanogen activity was low; in addition, SRB-methanogen substrate competition was shown not to limit SRB activity. Cellulolytic bacteria showed no substrate limitation at any time. However, fermenters experienced substrate limitation by Day 0, SRB by Day 27, and methanogens by Day 41, showing the dependence of each group on upstream populations to provide substrates. All potential activities, except methanogenesis, were ultimately limited by cellulose hydrolysis; in addition, all potential activities except methanogenesis declined substantially by Day 99, showing that long-term substrate deprivation strongly diminished the intrinsic capacity of the PRB community to perform. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Reardon, KF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM reardon@engr.colostate.edu RI Reardon, Kenneth/A-1952-2016 OI Reardon, Kenneth/0000-0002-7753-4049 NR 51 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 4537 EP 4551 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.08.013 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 986TX UT WOS:000233473700030 PM 16213004 ER PT J AU Timmons, FL AF Timmons, FL TI A history of weed control in the United States and Canada SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID HERBICIDAL ACTION; BINDWEED; ACID AB Available literature indicates that relatively few agricultural leaders and farmers became interested in weeds as a problem before 1200 A.D. or even 1500 A.D. For many centuries, weed control was mostly incidental to tillage for seedbed preparation and growing of crops and to growing and cutting or pasturing of thickly planted crops. Occasional references in literature previous to 1900 mentioned use of mechanical devices and a few inorganic herbicides specifically for weed control. State weed laws directed at control of plant diseases were enacted during 1721 to but weed and seed laws involving weeds directly were not enacted until 100 1766, to 200 years later. Only a few extension type publications on weeds were issued in the United States and Canada between 1860 and 1900. There was a rapid increase in such publications after 1900. Research with inorganic chemicals as herbicides was begun in the 1890's in Europe and in a few states and provinces, and was increased at a rapid pace until the early 1940's. New developments in mechanical and biological control of weeds increased steadily during the same period. However, weed horticulture agricontrol remained a relatively minor phase of agronomy botany,,, cultural engineering, and plant physiology until the early 1950's. About 10 years after the discovery of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) in 1942-1944, the much increased interest of scientists, federal and state governments, industrial companies, and the general public had begun to bear fruit. The word "weed" or "weeds" began to appear in the titles of college courses and extension specialists. Weed conferences had been organized in six regions of the United States and Canada and in 10 states. The first meeting of the Weed Science Society of America was held in 1956 and Weed Science was adopted as its official journal. The number of herbicides in general use in the United States and Canada increased from 15 in 1940 to 25 in 1950, and to 100 in 1969. The total support for weed research in 1962 in the United States was six times that in 1950. The number of full-time research and extension workers or their equivalents in part-time workers had increased 20-fold and 13-fold, respectively, over the number in 1940. The rate of advancement in the art and science of weed control has increased so rapidly that the progress in each of the recent brief periods 1941 to 1968, 1901 to 1940, and 1800 to 1900 is considered greater than that in all previous periods, beginning about 6000 B.C. C1 Univ Wyoming, USDA ARS, Aquat & Noncrop Areas, Div Res, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Timmons, FL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, USDA ARS, Aquat & Noncrop Areas, Div Res, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 207 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 37 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 748 EP 761 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2005)053[0748:AHOWCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 991SY UT WOS:000233835300002 ER PT J AU Shaner, DL Nadler-Hassar, T Henry, WB Koger, CH AF Shaner, DL Nadler-Hassar, T Henry, WB Koger, CH TI A rapid in vivo shikimate accumulation assay with excised leaf discs SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glyphosate resistance; resistance detection ID GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT HORSEWEED; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; TARGET ENZYME; WEEDS; IDENTIFICATION; SYNTHASE; PLANTS; DIAGNOSIS; BIOTYPES; PATHWAY AB An in vivo shikimate accumulation assay with excised leaf tissue was developed to provide a fast and reliable method for identifying glyphosate-resistant plants. The assay is based on glyphosate-induced accumulation of shikimate. There was a linear accumulation of shikimate in excised leaf discs of soybean and canola treated with 250 mu M glyphosate for 48 h. The IC50 for the accumulation of shikimate in soybean and corn leaf discs was 34 and 87 mu M, respectively. Leaf discs excised from glyphosate-resistant corn or soybean did not accumulate shikimate when treated with 500 mu M glyphosate. Leaf discs taken from a number of field-grown plants accumulated shikimate in a glyphosate dose-dependent manner. The accumulation of shikimate was dependent on light and the age of the leaf from which the disc was taken. The assay worked either in 96-well microtiter plates or in vials, and it clearly differentiated between glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible crops in which the resistance is due to an alteration of the target site for glyphosate. The assay was simple and robust and has the potential to be used as a high throughput assay to detect glyphosate resistance in weeds. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Weed Sci Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80527 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Plains Resources Management Res Unit, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shaner, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 31 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 29 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1614/WS-05-009R.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 991SY UT WOS:000233835300004 ER PT J AU Perez-Jones, A Park, KW Colquhoun, J Mallory-Smith, C Shaner, D AF Perez-Jones, A Park, KW Colquhoun, J Mallory-Smith, C Shaner, D TI Identification of glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Oregon SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glyphosate resistance; herbicide resistance; resistance mechanism ID HORSEWEED CONYZA-CANADENSIS; ELEUSINE-INDICA; L. CRONQ.; RIGIDUM; TRANSLOCATION; HERBICIDE; POPULATIONS; GOOSEGRASS; METABOLISM; MECHANISM AB A suspected glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass biotype was collected from a filbert orchard near Portland, OR, where glyphosate was applied multiple times per year for about 15 yr. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine if this biotype was glyphosate resistant. The plants were sprayed with glyphosate (0.01 to 3.37 kg ae ha(-1)) 14 d after planting and shoot biomass was determined 3 wk after herbicide treatment. Based on the dose-response experiments conducted in the greenhouse, the suspected Italian ryegrass biotype was approximately fivefold more resistant to glyphosate than the susceptible biotype. Plants from both susceptible and resistant biotypes were treated with glyphosate (0.42 and 0.84 kg ha-1) and shikimic acid was extracted 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after treatment. The susceptible biotype accumulated between three and five times more shikimic acid than did the resistant biotype. Leaf segments from both susceptible and resistant biotypes were incubated with different glyphosate concentrations (0-5 to 3000 mu M) for 14 h under continuous light. Shikimic acid was extracted from each leaf segment and quantified. At a concentration up to 100 mu M, leaf segments from the susceptible biotype accumulated more shikimic acid than leaf segments from the resistant biotype. The epsps gene was amplified and sequenced in both susceptible and resistant biotypes; however, no amino acid change was found in the resistant biotype. The level of resistance in this biotype is similar to that reported for a glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass biorype from Chile. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Perez-Jones, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Crop Sci Bldg 107, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM perezjoa@oregonstate.edu RI Perez-Jones, Alejandro/E-1204-2011; OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 37 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.1614/WS-04-200R.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 991SY UT WOS:000233835300005 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Soto-Suarez, M Chao, WS Jia, Y Anderson, JV AF Horvath, DP Soto-Suarez, M Chao, WS Jia, Y Anderson, JV TI Transcriptome analysis of paradormancy release in root buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bud dormancy; cell cycle; growth; cyclins ID AUXIN TRANSPORT; ARABIDOPSIS MICROARRAYS; APICAL DOMINANCE; GROWTH; GENES; PEA; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITION; SENESCENCE AB Bud dormancy is the primary mechanism by which the many perennial weeds escape herbicidal and mechanical control. We developed a 2,654-element Euphorbiaceae cDNA microarray using 1,886 sequenced cDNAs from the model perennial weed leafy spurge, 384 cDNAs from cassava, and 384 control genes from other plant, animal, and bacterial species. This array was used to follow changes in gene expression in root buds of leafy spurge following loss of paradormancy. The differential expression of several genes previously identified as being induced following loss of paradormancy was confirmed by microarray analysis. In addition, genes encoding an asparagine synthase, a phosphate-inducible protein, and a curculin-like (mannose-binding) lectin family protein were found to be rapidly up-regulated upon loss of paradormancy. Several genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were found to be rapidly down-regulated upon loss of paradormancy. The potential impact of flavonoid biosynthesis on auxin transport in response to bud growth is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 795 EP 801 DI 10.1614/WS-05-066R1.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 991SY UT WOS:000233835300008 ER PT J AU Webster, TM AF Webster, TM TI Mulch type affects growth and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide alternative; physical weed control; polyethylene mulch ID METHYL-BROMIDE; SOIL; ALTERNATIVES; WEEDS AB Polyethylene mulch is an effective component of weed management in vegetable production. However, nutsedges are persistent and proliferate in these systems. Greenhouse studies evaluated the growth and tuber production of purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge grown in pots covered with black-opaque polyethylene mulch, clear-colorless polyethylene mulch, or nonmulched. Single, presprouted nutsedge tubers were planted and growth evaluated over 16 wk. Relative to the nonmulched, yellow nutsedge shoot production was reduced 46 and 72% by black and clear mulch, respectively. The number of yellow nutsedge shoots that pierced and emerged through black and clear mulches was reduced 96% relative to emerged shoots in the nonmulched control. Yellow nutsedge in the nonmulched produced 366 tubers per initial tuber, whereas tuber production was reduced 49 to 51% in black and clear mulch. Growth of purple nutsedge shoots and tubers in black polyethylene mulch was similar to the nonmulched. Clear polyethylene reduced purple nutsedge tuber biomass relative to nonmulched, but clear mulch was similar to black mulch in nearly all measured variables. Without mulch, yellow nutsedge produced more shoots, shoot biomass, tubers, tuber biomass, and root biomass than purple nutsedge. However, growth of yellow nutsedge was hindered by polyethylene mulch, whereas differences in purple nutsedge growth among mulches could not be detected. The relative insensitivity of purple nutsedge and sensitivity of yellow nutsedge growth to the physical mulch barrier could lead to a shift in nutsedge species composition in mulched vegetable production. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Twebster@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 834 EP 838 DI 10.1614/WS-05-029R.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 991SY UT WOS:000233835300012 ER PT J AU Webster, TM AF Webster, TM TI Patch expansion of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with and without polyethylene mulch SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyethylene mulches; solarization; weed patches ID METHYL-BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; TOMATO LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; PEPPER CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; CHLOROPICRIN; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; INTERFERENCE; SOLARIZATION; TUBERS; GROWTH AB Purple and yellow nutsedge are the most troublesome weeds of vegetable crops in the southeast United States. Elimination of methyl bromide use will require alternative management programs to suppress nutsedge growth and interference in vegetables. Polyethylene mulch is an effective barrier for most weeds; however, nutsedges can proliferate in beds covered with polyethylene mulch. The influence of polyethylene mulch on shoot production and lateral expansion patterns of single tubers of purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge over time was evaluated in field studies. Purple nutsedge patch size was similar in the black mulch treatment and nonmulched control after 8 and 16 wk after planting (WAP). By the end of the growing season, purple nutsedge patch size in the black mulch treatment was nearly twice that in the nonmulched control. At 32 WAP, there were 1,550 shoots in the 16.1 m(2) patch in the black mulch treatment and 790 shoots in the 8.1 m(2) patch in the nonmulched control. In contrast, yellow nutsedge growth was suppressed in the black mulch treatment, relative to the nommulched control. Compared with the black mulch treatment at 16 and 24 WAP, the nonmulched control produced nearly three times as many yellow nutsedge shoots (140 shoots at 16 WAP and 210 shoots at 24 WAP) and patches that were twice the size (0.10 m(2) at 16 WAP and 0.18 m2 at 24 WAP). These data indicate that there are significant differences in the growth habits of the two nutsedges species in mulched vegetable systems. The differences in response to black mulch will likely lead to purple nutsedge becoming a greater problem, relative to yellow nutsedge, in vegetable systems. The rapid expansion of a single purple nutsedge shoot to form a patch that is 22.1 m(2) and containing 3,440 shoots at 60 WAP illustrates the importance of managing this species. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Twebster@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 839 EP 845 DI 10.1614/WS-05-045R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 991SY UT WOS:000233835300013 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Cardina, J Forcella, F Johnson, GA Kegode, G Lindquist, JL Lusche, EC Renner, KA Sprague, CL Williams, MM AF Davis, AS Cardina, J Forcella, F Johnson, GA Kegode, G Lindquist, JL Lusche, EC Renner, KA Sprague, CL Williams, MM TI Environmental factors affecting seed persistence of annual weeds across the US corn belt SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal time; redundancy analysis; seedbank persistence; soil properties; soil seedbank; weed dynamics ID HYDROTHERMAL TIME; SOIL; EMERGENCE; GERMINATION; VELVETLEAF; LONGEVITY; DYNAMICS; DORMANCY; TILLAGE; BANKS AB Weed seedbanks have been studied intensively at local scales, but to date, there have been no regional-scale studies of weed seedbank persistence. Empirical and modeling studies indicate that reducing weed seedbank persistence can play an important role in integrated weed management. Annual seedbank persistence of 13 summer annual weed species was studied from 2001 through 2003 at eight locations in the north central United States and one location in the northwestern United States. Effects of seed depth placement, tillage, and abiotic environmental factors on seedbank persistence were examined through regression and multivariate ordinations. All species examined showed a negative relationship between hydrothermal time and seedbank persistence. Seedbank persistence was very similar between the two years of the study for common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf when data were pooled over location, depth, and tillage. Seedbank persistence of common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf from October 2001 through 2002 and October 2002 through 2003 was, respectively, 52.3% and 60.0%, 21.3% and 21.8%, and 57.5% and 57.2%. These results demonstrate that robust estimates of seedbank persistence are possible when many observations are averaged over numerous locations. Future studies are needed to develop methods of reducing seedbank persistence, especially for weed species with particularly long-lived seeds. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, So Res & Outreach Ctr, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Waseca, MN 56093 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM asdavis1@uiuc.edu RI Lindquist, John/D-8656-2012 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 860 EP 868 DI 10.1614/WS-05-064R1.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 991SY UT WOS:000233835300015 ER PT J AU Chao, WS Horvath, DP Anderson, JV Foley, ME AF Chao, WS Horvath, DP Anderson, JV Foley, ME TI Potential model weeds to study genomics, ecology, and physiology in the 21st century SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Interactions Between Weeds and Other Pests in Agricultural Ecosystems CY 2003 CL Orlando, FL DE genomics; model systems; weedy characteristics; weed science ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH-SERVICE; DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; LEAFY SPURGE COMPLEX; HALEPENSE L PERS; SEED DORMANCY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; UNITED-STATES AB Plant model systems have contributed greatly to the dramatic progress in understanding the fundamental aspects of plant biology. Using model weeds will also help facilitate focused funding and research in the weed science community. Criteria for developing model weeds require attention to weedy characteristics that impart economic losses and a wide geographic distribution, attributes that present the potential for political and scientific support. Expressed sequence tag (EST) databases for model weeds are the most practical approach to identifying new genes and obtaining data on the gene expression underlying weedy characteristics. Weeds such as Canada thistle, eastern black nightshade, johnsongrass, jointed goatgrass, leafy spurge, waterhemp, and weedy rice are proposed as model systems. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM chaow@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691; Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 92 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 929 EP 937 DI 10.1614/WS-04-213R.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 991SY UT WOS:000233835300026 ER PT J AU Huhndorf, SM Miller, AN Fernandez, FA Lodge, DJ AF Huhndorf, SM Miller, AN Fernandez, FA Lodge, DJ TI Neotropical Ascomycetes 13. Cornipulvina and Erythromada, two new genera from the Caribbean and elsewhere SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Boliniaceae; neotropics; Sordariomycetidae; systematics ID SP-NOV; CHAETOSPHAERIA; SUBSTITUTION; PHYLOGENIES; SORDARIALES; SEQUENCES; ANAMORPH; MODEL AB Cornipulvina ellipsoides is described as a new genus and species in the family Boliniaceae, order Boliniales and Erythromada lanciospora is described as a new genus and species in the Sordariomycetidae. Cornipulvina is distinguished by irregular stromata with long rostrate necks and ellipsoid ascospores lacking a germ pore. Erythromada differs from similar scolecosporous genera in its superficial, clustered, ovoid ascomata and its nonseptate, wider ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear 28S large subunit (LSU) sequences supports the establishment of both genera. C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EmLab, Boston, MA USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Res Labs, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Huhndorf, SM (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM shuhndorf@fmnh.org NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUNGAL DIVERSITY PRESS PI YUNNAN PA YUNNAN UNIV, KUNMING, YUNNAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD OCT 31 PY 2005 VL 20 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 000LK UT WOS:000234463100005 ER PT J AU D'Eon, TM Souza, SC Aronovitz, M Obin, MS Fried, SK Greenberg, AS AF D'Eon, TM Souza, SC Aronovitz, M Obin, MS Fried, SK Greenberg, AS TI Estrogen regulation of adiposity and fuel partitioning - Evidence of genomic and non-genomic regulation of lipogenic and oxidative pathways SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; EARLY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONGENITAL AROMATASE DEFICIENCY; ABDOMINAL FAT DISTRIBUTION; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; BODY-COMPOSITION; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB Menopause is associated with increased adiposity and greater risk of metabolic disease. In the ovariectomized (OVX) rodent model of menopause, increased adiposity is prevented by estrogen (E2) replacement, reflecting both anorexigenic and potentially metabolic actions of E2. To elucidate metabolic and molecular mechanisms by which E2 regulates fat storage and fat mobilization independently of reduced energy intake, C57 BL/6 mice were ovariectomized, randomized to estrogen (OVX-E2) or control pellet implants (OVX-C), and pairfed for 40 days. E2 treatment was associated with reduced adipose mass and adipocyte size and downregulation of lipogenic genes in adipocytes under the control of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c. Adipocytes of OVX-E2 mice contained > 3-fold more perilipin protein than adipocytes of pairfed control ( OVX) mice, and this difference was associated with enhanced ex vivo lipolytic response to catecholamines and with greater levels of serum-free fatty acids following fasting. As in adipose tissue, E2 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes in liver and skeletal muscle. In the latter, E2 appears to promote the partitioning of free fatty acids toward oxidation and away from triglyceride storage by up-regulating the expression of peroxisome proliferation activator receptor-delta and its downstream targets and also by directly and rapidly activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Thus, novel genomic and non-genomic actions of E2 promote leanness in OVX mice independently of reduced energy intake. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Mol Cardiol Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Baltimore Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu OI Fried, Susan/0000-0003-1101-9332 NR 71 TC 253 Z9 259 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 28 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 43 BP 35983 EP 35991 DI 10.1074/jbc.M507339200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 976IM UT WOS:000232726900026 PM 16109719 ER PT J AU Boudina, S Sena, S O'Neill, BT Tathireddy, P Young, ME Abel, ED AF Boudina, S Sena, S O'Neill, BT Tathireddy, P Young, ME Abel, ED TI Reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and increased mitochondrial uncoupling impair myocardial energetics in obesity SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE obesity; metabolism; energetics; fatty acids; mitochondria ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; DIABETIC DB/DB MICE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; RAT-HEART; CARDIAC-FUNCTION; PROTEIN-3; TISSUE; CONTRACTILITY; DYSFUNCTION AB Background-Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies in obese humans and animals demonstrated increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and reduced cardiac efficiency (CE); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was performed to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction and uncoupling are responsible for reduced cardiac performance and efficiency in ob/ob mice. Methods and Results-Cardiac function, MVo(2), mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis were measured in 9-week-old ob/ob and control mouse hearts. Contractile function and MVO2 in glucose-perfusedob/ ob hearts were similar to controls under basal conditions but were reduced under high workload. Perfusion of ob/ob hearts with glucose and palmitate increased MVO2 and reduced CE by 23% under basal conditions, and CE remained impaired at high workload. In glucose-perfused ob/ob hearts, mitochondrial state 3 respirations were reduced but ATP/O ratios were unchanged. In contrast, state 3 respiration rates were similar in ob/ob and control mitochondria from hearts perfused with palmitate and glucose, but ATP synthesis rates and ATP/O ratios were significantly reduced in ob/ob, which suggests increased mitochondrial uncoupling. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and protein levels of complexes I, III, and V were reduced in obese mice. Conclusions-These data indicate that reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity may contribute to cardiac dysfunction in ob/ob mice. Moreover, fatty acid but not glucose-induced mitochondrial uncoupling reduces CE in obese mice by limiting ATP production and increasing MVO2. C1 Univ Utah, Div Endocrinol Metab & Diabet, Program Human Mol Biol & Genet, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abel, ED (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Endocrinol Metab & Diabet, Program Human Mol Biol & Genet, Sch Med, 15 N 2030 E,Bldg 533,Room 3410B, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM dale.abel@hmbg.utah.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [UO1HL70525, R01HL73167]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK092065] NR 31 TC 252 Z9 257 U1 3 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 BP 2686 EP 2695 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.554360 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 977MG UT WOS:000232807300015 PM 16246967 ER PT J AU Dansinger, ML Gleason, JA Otvos, JD Schaefer, EJ AF Dansinger, ML Gleason, JA Otvos, JD Schaefer, EJ TI One-year effects of the Atkins, Zone, Weight Watchers and Ornish diets on LDL and HDL particle sizes SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Liposci Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. USDA, Jean Mayer Nutr Rsch Ctr, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 208 BP U72 EP U72 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956400154 ER PT J AU Erkkila, AT Matthan, NR Jalbert, SM Resteghini, NA Herrington, DM Lichtenstein, AH AF Erkkila, AT Matthan, NR Jalbert, SM Resteghini, NA Herrington, DM Lichtenstein, AH TI Long-chain n-3 fatty acids in serum phospholipids are associated with reduced progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in women with documented coronary artery disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Kuopio, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, JM, USDA,HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Internal Med Cardiol, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 3854 BP U912 EP U912 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956406251 ER PT J AU Jang, YS Lee, JH Chae, JS Kim, OY Koh, SJ Kim, JY Cho, H Ordovas, JM Lee, JE AF Jang, YS Lee, JH Chae, JS Kim, OY Koh, SJ Kim, JY Cho, H Ordovas, JM Lee, JE TI Association of the+276G > T polymorphism of the adiponectin gene with cardiovascular disease risk factors in nondiabetic Koreans SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Med Inst, Cardiovasc Gen Ctr, Div Cardiol, Seoul, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Rsch Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, BK21 Project Med Sci, Yonsei Cardiovasc Rsch Inst, Coll Med, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, DNA Link Corp, Seoul, South Korea. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Gen Lab, JM, USDA,HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 3670 BP U855 EP U856 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956406067 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Lopez-Miranda, J Marin, C Moreno, JA Moreno, R Jimenez, Y Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F AF Perez-Martinez, P Lopez-Miranda, J Marin, C Moreno, JA Moreno, R Jimenez, Y Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F TI The apo-B-516C/T polymorphism is associated with differences in insulin sensitivity in healthy males, during the consumption of diets with different fat contents SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, Cordoba, Spain. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 3855 BP U912 EP U912 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956406252 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, TF Sutherland, EK Yaussy, DA AF Hutchinson, TF Sutherland, EK Yaussy, DA TI Effects of repeated prescribed fires on the structure, composition, and regeneration of mixed-oak forests in Ohio SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Quercus; Acer; oak-hickory forest; fire; prescribed burning; sustainability; mortality; central hardwoods region ID COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; SOUTHEASTERN OHIO; MESOPHYTIC FOREST; MISSOURI OZARKS; NORTH-AMERICA; GROWTH; VEGETATION; RECRUITMENT; SEEDLINGS; SURVIVAL AB This study quantifies prescribed fire effects at four sites in southern Ohio, from 1995 to 2002. Each site had three treatment units: an unburned control, a unit burned 2 x (1996 and 1999), and a unit burned 4 x (1996-1999). Vegetation plots were stratified by an integrated moisture index (IMI) into xeric, intermediate, and mesic classes. Prior to treatments, oak (Quercus spp.) and hickory (Carya spp.) comprised 74-83% of basal area among sites but shade-tolerant species (e.g., Acer rubrum) were abundant in the midstory and completely dominated the sapling layer. Fires were conducted in March and April. Fire intensity, estimated by temperature-sensitive paints, was highest on the 2 x burn units. Fires had little effect on large tree ( > 25 cm DBH) density and stand basal area. By contrast, the density of small trees (10-25 cm DBH) was reduced by 31% on 2 x burn units and by 19% on 4 x burn units. "Fire-induced" mortality (i.e., mortality on burn units above that of unburned units) for the most common species of small trees was: A. rubrum = 33%; Quercus alba = 17%; Carya spp. = 13%; Nyssa sylvatica = 10%; Acer saccharum = 4%; Quercus prinus = 2%. Sapling density was reduced by 86% on burn treatments. Despite reduced small tree and sapling densities on burned units, canopy openness, estimated by hemispherical photography, remained low (< 6%). In general, the composition of tree regeneration was not substantially altered by fire treatments. On burn units, a significant initial decrease in A. rubrum seedling density and a significant increase in Liriodendron tulipifera from the seed bank did not persist throughout the study. Oak + hickory seedling density was not significantly affected by fire nor was the density of shade-tolerant seedlings. Post-treatment (2002) sampling of large seedlings (> 30 cm height) indicated no significant differences in the abundance of oak + hickory nor that of shade-tolerant seedlings among fire treatments. For most vegetation response variables, fire effects tended to be similar among IMI classes. The application of fire alone, without partial harvesting, failed to improve oak regeneration consistently. However, given that two fires reduced stand density, the longer term application of periodic fire, coupled with natural gap dynamics, may still be a feasible management strategy for improving the sustainability of oak forests where harvesting is not permitted or desired. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Hutchinson, TF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM thutchinson@fs.fed.us; esutherland@fs.fed.us; dyaussy@fs.fed.us OI Yaussy, Daniel/0000-0003-1127-7809 NR 73 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 7 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 24 PY 2005 VL 218 IS 1-3 BP 210 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.07.011 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 979VQ UT WOS:000232973500014 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Knapp, DE Broadbent, EN Oliveira, PJC Keller, M Silva, JN AF Asner, GP Knapp, DE Broadbent, EN Oliveira, PJC Keller, M Silva, JN TI Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOREST MANAGEMENT; LOGGED FORESTS; EASTERN AMAZON; CANOPY DAMAGE; SATELLITE; DEGRADATION; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS; FRONTIER; IMPACT AB Amazon deforestation has been measured by remote sensing for three decades. in comparison, selective logging has been mostly invisible to satellites. We developed a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote-sensing analysis of selective logging in the top five timber-producing states of the Brazilian Amazon. Logged areas ranged from 12,075 to 19,823 square kilometers per year (+/- 14%) between 1999 and 2002, equivalent to 60 to 123% of previously reported deforestation area. Up to 1200 square kilometers per year of logging were observed on conservation lands. Each year, 27 million to 50 million cubic meters of wood were extracted, and a gross flux of similar to 0.1 billion metric tons of carbon was destined for release to the atmosphere by logging. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria Amazonia, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gasner@giobalecology.stanford.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 25 TC 411 Z9 430 U1 15 U2 129 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5747 BP 480 EP 482 DI 10.1126/science.1118051 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977EU UT WOS:000232786000043 PM 16239474 ER PT J AU Yee, J Ahearn, MC AF Yee, J Ahearn, MC TI Government policies and farm size: does the size concept matter? SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; AGRICULTURE; PRICES AB This paper employs a panel data set of 48 states from 1960 to 1996 to investigate the relationships of government policies (public agricultural research and development (R&D), extension, and government commodity program payments) to changes in farm size. Five different farm size measures are considered (acres operated per farm, real land and building value per farm, real cash receipts per farm, real cash receipts plus government payments per farm, and an imputed measure of the real capital service flow per farm) in order to make a more general statement about the impacts of government policies on farm size. It was found that the impacts of government policies on farm size are in general robust to the measure of farm size considered. More specifically, it was found that R&D, extension, and government payments all have positive effects on farm size. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Yee, J (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jyee@ers.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD OCT 20 PY 2005 VL 37 IS 19 BP 2231 EP 2238 DI 10.1080/00036840500293904 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 978OH UT WOS:000232882400006 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, JB TI Quantitation of clovamide-type phenylpropenoic acid amides in cells and plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with a coulometric electrochemical detector SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N-caffeoyldopamine; N-caffeoyltyramine; HPLC; biological sample; mice ID CONSTITUENTS AB A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for measuring the concentrations of clovamide-type phenylpropenoic acid amides (N-caffeoyldopamine and N-caffeoyltyramine) in cell and plasma samples. The separation was performed on a Nova-Pak C18 column using an isocratic buffer with a coulometric electrochemical detector with four electrode channels. Using the HPLC method, N-caffeoyldopamine and N-caffeoyltyramine could be detected with good peak resolutions at respective retention times (4 and 6.4 min). The calibration curves were linear over the ranges (0.1 and 100 mu M), and their lower limit of detection was as little as 100 fmol. For quantifying N-caffeoyldoparnine and N-caffeoyltyramine in cell and plasma samples, the samples were extracted by extraction methods with more than 95% recoveries. After extraction, the amides were detected with the same sensitivity, peak resolutions, and retention times. Using this method, plasma concentrations of N-caffeoyltyramine were determined in blood samples collected at 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, and 75 min after the oral administrations of N-caffeoyltyramine (0.5 mg and 2 mg/30 g body weight). This HPLC method with an electrochemical detector is the first reported method able to quantify N-caffeoyldopamine and N-caffeoyltyramine in biological samples with excellent detection limits, peak resolutions, discrete retention times, and consistent reproducibility. C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Phytonutrients Lab, Bldg 307C,Room 131, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM parkj@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 19 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 21 BP 8135 EP 8140 DI 10.1021/jf0516078 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 974SO UT WOS:000232611900006 PM 16218655 ER PT J AU Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ Smith, LR Schoch, TK Rolshausen, PE Gubler, WD AF Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ Smith, LR Schoch, TK Rolshausen, PE Gubler, WD TI Dying-arm disease in grapevines: Diagnosis of infection with Eutypa Iata by metabolite analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE grapes; Vitis vinifera; Eutypa Iata; dieback; eutyposis; dying-arm disease; eutypinol ID NATURAL ACETYLENIC-COMPOUNDS; LATA PERS; F TUL; PATHOGEN; DIEBACK AB Dying-arm disease in grapevines, produced by infection with the ascomycete Eutypa lata, is responsible for major production losses in vineyards. Dieback of the shoots and cordon is believed to be due to acetylenic phenol metabolites produced by the fungus. To identify specific metabolites that could potentially be used for diagnosis of infection, eight E lata isolates were grown in vitro on hot water extracts from grape varieties with various degrees of tolerance to the foliar symptoms of E lata dieback. HPLC analysis showed that eutypinol was consistently produced in large amounts, together with smaller amounts of methyleutypinol and eulatachromene; eutypine, the putative toxin, was produced solely on Sauvignon Blanc extract and then in only barely detectable amounts. When E lata isolates from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot were grown on identical media, the amounts of metabolites produced differed significantly between isolates but the pattern of metabolites was quite similar, with eutypinol again predominating. The consistent production of eutypinol indicated that this was the most suitable metabolite for which to analyze in order to diagnose the presence of E lata. Extraction and analysis of grapevine tissues exhibiting symptoms of dieback failed to show the presence of any metabolites. However, when infected cordon sections were placed in water and cultured for 5 days, eutypinol was readily detected in the aqueous solution; metabolites were not produced from uninfected tissue. This provides a method for detection of infected tissue and indicates that the toxic metabolites react at the point of production, disrupting the vascular structure and inhibiting transport of nutrients, rather than being translocated to tissues that exhibit symptoms. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM molyneux@pw.usda.gov NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 19 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 21 BP 8148 EP 8155 DI 10.1021/jf0510236 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 974SO UT WOS:000232611900008 PM 16218657 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK AF Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK TI Relationship of superficial scald development and alpha-farnesene oxidation to reactions of diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivatives in cv. Granny Smith apple peel SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris L. (Mill.) var. domestica Borkh. Mansf; scald; LCMS; antioxidant ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; PRODUCTS; 6-METHYL-5-HEPTEN-2-ONE; IDENTIFICATION; AUTOXIDATION; ANTIOXIDANT; FRUIT; SKIN AB Cv. Granny Smith apple fruit, treated at harvest with aqueous emulsions containing diphenylamine (DPA) and DPA derivatives, were evaluated for the peel disorder superficial scald (scald) after 6 months of cold storage at 1 degrees C plus 0 or 7 days at 20 degrees C. Metabolism of these derivatives and alpha-farnesene oxidation were also evaluated after 6 months. Derivatives substituted at the para position prevented scald, but scald developed on fruit treated with derivatives substituted in the amino, ortho, or meta positions. The extent of scald control was also dependent on the chemical nature of the functional group used to derivatize DPA. Hydroxylation of DIPA and DIPA derivatives during storage was not associated with scald control. Methoxylated DPA derivatives produced during storage resulted from O-methylation of C-hydroxylated derivatives rather than C-methoxylation of DPA. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine provided partial scald control, possibly resulting from its degradation to DPA, indicating that the amino hydrogen of DIPA may be crucial for scald control. Results suggest that functional group position and chemical properties both contribute to the efficacy of DPA derivatives for scald control. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 19 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 21 BP 8382 EP 8389 DI 10.1021/jf0512407 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 974SO UT WOS:000232611900042 PM 16218691 ER PT J AU Paul, DR Rhodes, DG Kramer, M Baer, DJ Rumpler, WV AF Paul, DR Rhodes, DG Kramer, M Baer, DJ Rumpler, WV TI Validation of a food frequency questionnaire by direct measurement of habitual ad libitum food intake SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias (epidemiology); energy intake; energy metabolism; epidemiologic methods; nutrition assessment; questionnaires ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ENERGY-INTAKE; NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEASUREMENT-ERROR; URINARY NITROGEN; RECORDS; INSTRUMENTS; EXPENDITURE; CALIBRATION; BIOMARKER AB Food frequency questionnaires are commonly used to assess habitual food intake. Although food frequency questionnaires are known to produce measurement error, the amount of error and effectiveness of correction methods are poorly understood. Twelve men from the Baltimore, MD/Washington, DC, area consumed an ad libitum diet for 16 weeks during the spring of 2001. At the end of the study period, subjects reported their food intakes with a food frequency questionnaire (Block 98). During weeks 8 and 16, subjects were dosed with doubly labeled water and maintained physical activity logs. Absolute and relative macronutrient intakes were poorly predicted by the food frequency questionnaire. The application of a single, group mean energy adjustment (using doubly labeled water or physical activity) reduced the variance of carbohydrate intake and increased the variance of fat and protein intakes, but none significantly (p > 0.05). Subject-specific energy adjustments reduced the variance for carbohydrate and protein intakes (p < 0.05). Including a body weight adjustment reduced the variance in fat intake (p < 0.05) when doubly labeled water was used to first correct energy intake. The application of correction methods based on energy expenditure and body weight can be used to reduce measurement error, improving the ability of the food frequency questionnaire to measure food intake. C1 ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Paul, DR (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, USDA, 307B Ctr Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pauld@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 8 BP 806 EP 814 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi279 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 971ZG UT WOS:000232423000013 PM 16120695 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Lowell, CA Lemay, DG Youn, HS Rhee, SH Sohn, KH Jang, BY Ye, JP Chung, JH Hwang, DH AF Lee, JY Lowell, CA Lemay, DG Youn, HS Rhee, SH Sohn, KH Jang, BY Ye, JP Chung, JH Hwang, DH TI The regulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by Src-family tyrosine kinases mediated through MyD88-independent signaling pathways of Toll-like receptor 4 SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; toll-like receptor; Src-family tyrosine kinases; nitric oxide synthase; TRIF; IFN-beta ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; NF-KAPPA-B; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-KINASE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; CYCLOOXYGENASE; INHIBITOR AB Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) leading to the expression of inflammatory gene products. Src-family tyrosine kinases (STIs) are known to be activated by LPS in monocytes/macrophages. Therefore, we determined the role of STKs in TLR4 signaling pathways and target gene expression in macrophages. The activation of NFKB, and p38 MAPK, and the expression of 4 inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) induced by LPS were not affected in macro hages deficient in three STKs (Lyn, Hck, and For). These results suggest that the deletion of the three STKs among possibly nine STKs is not sufficient to abolish total activity of STKs possibly due to the functional redundancy of other STKs present in macrophages. However, two structurally unrelated pan-inhibitors of STKs, PP1 and SU6656, suppressed LPS-induced NOS expression in MyD88-knockout as well as wild-type macrophages. The suppression of NOS expression by the inhibitors was correlated with the downregulation of IFN beta (a MyD88-independent gene) expression and subsequent decrease in STAT1 phosphorylation. Moreover, PP1 suppressed the expression of IFN beta and NOS induced by TRIF, a MyD88-independent adaptor of TLR4. PP1 suppressed STAT1 phosphorylation induced by LPS, but not by IFN beta suggesting that STKs are involved in the primary downstream signaling pathways of TLR4, but not the secondary signaling pathways downstream of IFN beta receptor. Together, these results demonstrate that STKs play a positive regulatory role in TLR4-mediated NOS expression in a MyD88-independent (TRIF-dependent) manner. These results provide new insight in understanding the role of STKs in TLR4 signaling pathways and inflammatory target gene expression. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul, South Korea. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Dhwang@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK064007, DK41868] NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1231 EP 1240 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.07.020 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 971NS UT WOS:000232391800013 PM 16140274 ER PT J AU Zhu, PX Shelton, DR Karns, JS Sundaram, A Li, SH Amstutz, P Tang, CM AF Zhu, PX Shelton, DR Karns, JS Sundaram, A Li, SH Amstutz, P Tang, CM TI Detection of water-borne E-coli O157 using the integrating waveguide biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE integrating waveguide biosensor; E. coli O157 : H7; sandwich immunoassay; real-time PCR ID IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; SORBITOL-MACCONKEY; GROUND-BEEF; PCR; ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; IMMUNOASSAY; SAMPLES; GENES; FOOD AB Escherichia coli O157:H7, the most common serotype of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), is responsible for numerous food-borne and water-borne infections worldwide. An integrating waveguide biosensor is described for the detection of water-borne E. coli O157, based on a fluorescent sandwich immunoassay performed inside a glass capillary waveguide. The genomic DNA of captured E. coli O157 cells was extracted and quantitative real-time PCR subsequently performed to assess biosensor-capture efficiency. In vitro microbial growth in capillary waveguide is also documented. The biosensor allows for quantitative detection of as few as 10 cells per capillary (0.075 ml volume) and can be used in coni. unction with cell amplification, PCR and microarray technologies to positively identify a pathogen. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Creatv MicroTech Inc, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhu, PX (reprint author), Creatv MicroTech Inc, 11609 Lake Potomac Dr, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. EM pzhu@creatvmicrotech.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [R43 AI052684, R43 AI052684-01A1, R43 AI152684] NR 21 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 678 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2005.01.005 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977QO UT WOS:000232818500018 PM 16202883 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN Anderson, JK Wondzell, SM LaNier, J Haggerty, R AF Gooseff, MN Anderson, JK Wondzell, SM LaNier, J Haggerty, R TI A modelling study of hyporheic exchange pattern and the sequence, size, and spacing of stream bedforms in mountain stream networks, Oregon, USA (Retracted article. See vol 20, pg 2441, 2006) SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication DE hyporheic zone; geomorphology; MODFLOW; groundwater flow modelling; spatial scaling ID SURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; ZONE; RIVER; FLOW; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; CREEK; REACH AB Studies of hyporheic exchange flows have identified physical features of channels that control exchange flow at the channel unit scale, namely slope breaks in the longitudinal profile of streams that generate subsurface head distributions. We recently completed a field study that suggested channel unit spacing in stream longitudinal profiles can be used to predict the spacing between zones of upwelling (flux of hyporheic water into the stream) and downwelling (flux of stream water into the hyporheic zone) in the beds of mountain streams. Here, we use two-dimensional groundwater flow and particle tracking models to simulate vertical and longitudinal hyporheic exchange along the longitudinal axis of stream flow in second-, third-, and fourth-order mountain stream reaches. Modelling allowed us to (1) represent visually the effect that the shape of the longitudinal profile has on the flow net beneath streambeds; (2) isolate channel unit sequence and spacing as individual factors controlling the depth that stream water penetrates the hyporheic zone and the length of upwelling and downwelling zones; (3) evaluate the degree to which the effects of regular patterns in bedform size and sequence are masked by irregularities in real streams. We simulated hyporheic exchange in two sets of idealized stream reaches and one set of observed stream reaches. Idealized profiles were constructed using regression equations relating channel form to basin area. The size and length of channel units (step size, pool length, etc.) increased with increasing stream order. Simulations of hyporheic exchange flows in these reaches suggested that upwelling lengths increased (from 2.7 m to 7.6 m), and downwelling lengths increased (from 2.9 m to 6(.)0 m) with increase in stream order from second to fourth order. Step spacing in the idealized reaches increased from 5.3 m to 13.7 m as stream size increased from second to fourth order. Simulated upwelling lengths increased from 4.3 m in second-order streams to 9.7 m in fourth-order streams with a POOL-RIFFLE-STEP channel unit sequence, and increased from 2.5 m to 6(.)1 m from second- to fourth-order streams with a POOL-STEP-RIFFLE channel unit sequence. Downwelling lengths also increased with stream order in these idealized channels. Our results suggest that channel unit spacing, size, and sequence are all important in determining hyporheic exchange patterns of upwelling and downwelling. Though irregularities in the size and spacing of bedforms caused flow nets to be much more complex in surveyed stream reaches than in idealized stream reaches, similar trends emerged relating the average geomorphic wavelength to the average hyporheic wavelength in both surveyed and idealized reaches. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mgooseff@mines.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 15 BP 2915 EP 2929 DI 10.1002/hyp.5790 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 975PH UT WOS:000232673900003 ER PT J AU Anderson, JK Wondzell, SM Gooseff, MN Haggerty, R AF Anderson, JK Wondzell, SM Gooseff, MN Haggerty, R TI Patterns in stream longitudinal profiles and implications for hyporheic exchange flow at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hyporheic zone; stream reach morphology; concavity; channel unit spacing; river continuum; longitudinal profiles ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; SURFACE TEXTURES; DRAINAGE BASINS; ZONE; GROUNDWATER; ORIGIN; FORMS; ECOSYSTEMS AB There is a need to identify measurable characteristics of stream channel morphology that vary predictably throughout stream networks and that influence patterns of hyporheic exchange flow in mountain streams. In this paper we characterize stream longitudinal profiles according to channel unit spacing and the concavity of the water surface profile. We demonstrate that: (1) the spacing between zones of upwelling and downwelling in the beds of mountain streams is closely related to channel unit spacing; (2) the magnitude of the vertical hydraulic gradients (VHGs) driving hyporheic exchange flow increase with increasing water surface concavity, measured at specific points along the longitudinal profile; (3) channel unit spacing and water surface concavity are useful metrics for predicting how patterns in hyporheic exchange vary amongst headwater and mid-order streams. We use regression models to describe changes in channel unit spacing and concavity in longitudinal profiles for 12 randomly selected stream reaches spanning 62 km(2) in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon. Channel unit spacing increased significantly, whereas average water surface concavity (AWSC) decreased significantly with increasing basin area. Piezometer transects installed longitudinally in a subset of stream reaches were used to measure VHG in the hyporheic zone, and to determine the location of upwelling and downwelling zones. Predictions for median pool length and median distance between steps in piezometer reaches bracketed the median distance separating zones of upwelling in the stream bed. VHG in individual piezometers increased with increasing water surface concavity at individual points in the longitudinal profile along piezometer transects. Absolute values of VHG, averaged throughout piezometer transects, increased with increasing AWSC, indicating increased potential for hyporheic exchange flow. These findings suggest that average hyporheic flow path lengths increase-and the potential for hyporheic exchange flow in stream reaches decreases-along the continuum from headwater to mid-order mountain streams. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Anderson, JK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 1328, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. EM justinkanderson@fs.fed.us RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 46 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 15 BP 2931 EP 2949 DI 10.1002/hyp.5791 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 975PH UT WOS:000232673900004 ER PT J AU Worrall, F Swank, WT Burt, T AF Worrall, F Swank, WT Burt, T TI Fluxes of inorganic carbon from two forested catchments in the Appalachian Mountains SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; 50 DEGREES C; DIOXIDE SUPERSATURATION; STREAM ECOSYSTEM; RIVER WATER; IONIZATION; MANAGEMENT; EXPORT; FLOW AB This study uses long-term records of stream chemistry, discharge and air temperature from two neighbouring forested catchments in the southern Appalachians in order to calculate production of dissolved CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). One of the pair of catchments was clear-felled during the period of the study. The study shows that: (1) areal production rates of both dissolved CO2 and DIC are similar between the two catchments even during and immediately after the period of clear-felling; (2) flux of total inorganic carbon (dissolved CO2 + DIC) rises dramatically in response to a catchment-wide acidification event; (3) DIC and dissolved CO2 are dominantly released on the old water portion of the discharge and concentrations peak in the early autumn when flows in the study catchments are at their lowest; (4) total fluvial carbon flux from the clear-felled catchment is 11.6 t km(-2) year(-1) and for the control catchment is 11.4 t km(-2) year. The total inorganic carbon flux represents 69% of the total fluvial carbon flux. The method presented in the study provides a useful way of estimating inorganic carbon flux from a catchment without detailed gas monitoring. The time series of dissolved CO2 at emergence to the stream can also be a proxy for the soil flux of CO2. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, Otto, NC USA. Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Worrall, F (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Sci Labs, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM fred.worrall@durham.ac.uk NR 46 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 15 BP 3021 EP 3035 DI 10.1002/hyp.5814 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 975PH UT WOS:000232673900009 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Bari, ML Kawamoto, S Isshiki, K AF Ukuku, DO Bari, ML Kawamoto, S Isshiki, K TI Use of hydrogen peroxide in combination with nisin, sodium lactate and citric acid for reducing transfer of bacterial pathogens from whole melon surfaces to fresh-cut pieces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; honeydew; fresh-cut pieces; Listeria monocytogenes; E. coli; HPLNC; H(2)O(2) ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NATIVE MICROFLORA; SHELF-LIFE; CANTALOUPE; PRODUCE; SALMONELLA; CHLORINE; BEEF; PERSPECTIVE; INDUSTRY AB Hydrogen peroxide (2.5%) alone or hydrogen peroxide (1%) in combination with nisin (25 [mu g/ml), sodium lactate (1%), and citric acid (0.5%) (HPLNC) were investigated as potential sanitizers for reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Listeria monocytogenes populations on whole cantaloupe and honeydew melons. Whole cantaloupes inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 2 and L. monocytogenes at 5.27 and 4.07 log(10) CFU/cm(2), respectively, and whole honeydew melons inoculated with E. coli 2 O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes at 3.45 and 3.05 log(10) CFU/cm(2), respectively, were stored at 5 T for 7 days. Antimicrobial washing treatments were applied to inoculated whole melons on days 0 or 7 of storage and surviving bacterial populations and the numbers transferred to fresh-cut pieces were determined. At days 0 and 7 treatment with HPLNC significantly (p<0.05) reduced the numbers of both pathogens, by 3 to 4 log CFU/cm2 on both types of whole melon. Treatment with HPLNC was significantly (p<0.05) more effective than treatment with 2.5% hydrogen peroxide. While fresh-cut pieces prepared from stored whole melons were negative for the pathogens by both direct plating and by enrichment, fresh-cut pieces from cantaloupe melons treated with 2.5% hydrogen peroxide were positive for both pathogens and pieces from honeydew melons were positive for E. coli O157:H7. The native microflora on fresh-cut melons were also substantially reduced by HPLNC treatment of whole melons. The results suggest that HPLNC could be used to decontaminate whole melon surfaces and so improve the microbial safety and quality of fresh-cut melons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 104 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.01.016 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 971XK UT WOS:000232418100011 PM 16043249 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Rosypal, AC Pierce, V Scheinberg, SN Lindsay, DS AF Dubey, JP Rosypal, AC Pierce, V Scheinberg, SN Lindsay, DS TI Placentitis associated with leishmaniasis in a dog SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CANINE LEISHMANIASIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; NEWBORN PUPPY; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; FOXHOUNDS; CHAGASI AB Leishmania slop are flagellated protozoan parasites that are transmitted by the bite of infected female sand flies. Leishmaniasis is becoming endemic in Foxhounds in North America. Leishmania parasites can be transmitted by blood transfusion and by packed RBC transfusion in Foxhounds in North America. Congenital transmission of visceral leishmaniasis has been reported in humans, but this mode of transmission is uncertain in dogs. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, Hlth Anim Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Glenwood Inc, Glenwood, MD 21738 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; Rosypal, Alexa/I-7114-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 8 BP 1266 EP 1269 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1266 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 974FU UT WOS:000232577500017 PM 16266015 ER PT J AU Chen, DY Huang, JF Jackson, TJ AF Chen, DY Huang, JF Jackson, TJ TI Vegetation water content estimation for corn and soybeans using spectral indices derived from MODIS near- and short-wave infrared bands SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; NDVI; NDWI; Landsat; SMEX02; vegetation water content ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; REFLECTANCE DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; AVIRIS DATA; LAND-COVER; INFORMATION; SIMULATION; RETRIEVAL; IMAGERY AB The estimation of vegetation water content (VWC) over a crop-growing period was performed using the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands of the Terra-MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (Terra-MODIS). The study was conducted in Iowa, USA as part of the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02). Due to the moderate resolution of MODIS data, the removal of mixed pixels was important in order to meet accuracy estimation requirements of potential applications. MODIS-derived reflectance for the NIR and SWIR bands over corn and soybeans fields was validated using atmospherically corrected Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) data. All possible combinations of the 7 MODIS bands were used to construct VIs. The performance of each combination was evaluated by computing their correlations with corn VWC. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were found to be the best candidates. In this study, it was observed that the MODIS SWIR-based VI for corn saturated at a later date than NDVI. A similar late saturation was observed for soybeans with a lag of about 10 days. Linear relationships between the SWIR-based VI and VWC were developed using the MODIS data and ground measured VWC. MODIS-derived Normalized Difference Water Indices (NDWI) using SWIR (1640 nm) or SWIR (2130 nm), namely NDWI1640 or NDW1(2130), all showed potential in estimating VWC. Additional testing of this approach could result in a robust technique for estimating VWC for specific crops. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp & Civil Engn, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Agr Res Serv, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, DY (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM daoyi.chen@manchester.ac.uk; j.huang-2@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk; tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012 OI Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922 NR 34 TC 153 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2-3 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.07.008 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 976OL UT WOS:000232742900006 ER PT J AU Rishavy, MA Hallgren, KW Yakubenko, AV Zuerner, RL Runge, KW Berkner, KL AF Rishavy, MA Hallgren, KW Yakubenko, AV Zuerner, RL Runge, KW Berkner, KL TI The vitamin K-dependent carboxylase has been acquired by Leptospira pathogens and shows altered activity that suggests a role other than protein carboxylation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYL CARBOXYLASE; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; CONUS-TEXTILE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; HYDROQUINONE; COAGULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; DROSOPHILA; MECHANISM AB Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease whose pathology includes a hemorrhagic response, and sequencing of the Leptospira interrogans genome revealed an ortholog of the vitamin K-dependent (VKD) carboxylase as one of several hemostatic proteins present in the bacterium. Until now, the VKD carboxylase was known to be present only in the animal kingdom (i.e. metazoans that include mammals, fish, snails, and insects), and this restricted distribution and high sequence similarity between metazoan and Leptospira orthologs strongly suggests that Leptospira acquired the VKD carboxylase by horizontal gene transfer. In metazoans, the VKD carboxylase is bifunctional, acting as an epoxidase that oxygenates vitamin K to a strong base and a carboxylase that uses the base to carboxylate Glu residues in VKD proteins, rendering them active in hemostasis and other physiologies. In contrast, the Leptospira ortholog showed epoxidase but not detectable carboxylase activity and divergence in a region of identity in all known metazoan VKD carboxylases that is important to Glu interaction. Furthermore, although the mammalian carboxylase is regulated so that vitamin K epoxidation does not occur unless Glu substrate is present, the Leptospira VKD epoxidase showed unfettered epoxidation in the absence of Glu substrate. Finally, human VKD protein orthologs were not detected in the L. interrogans genome. The combined data, then, suggest that Leptospira exapted the metazoan VKD carboxylase for some use other than VKD protein carboxylation, such as using the strong vitamin K base to drive a new reaction or to promote oxidative damage or depleting vitamin K to indirectly inhibit host VKD protein carboxylation. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin, Lerner Coll Med, Lerner Res Inst,Dept Mol Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin, Lerner Coll Med, Lerner Res Inst,Dept Mol Genet, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Berkner, KL (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Mol Cardiol NB50, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM berknek@ccf.org OI Runge, Kurt/0000-0001-8492-0530 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL55666, R01 HL055666, R01 HL055666-08]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG019960]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM050752] NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 41 BP 34870 EP 34877 DI 10.1074/jbc.M504345200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 971SD UT WOS:000232403900059 PM 16061481 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, D AF Blumenthal, D TI Ecology - Interrelated causes of plant invasion SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROWTH-RATE; HERBIVORY; RELEASE; SPECIALIZATION; COMMUNITIES C1 ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Blumenthal, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dana.blumenthal@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 17 TC 93 Z9 107 U1 10 U2 61 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5746 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.1126/science.1114851 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 975NV UT WOS:000232670100031 PM 16224008 ER PT J AU Kronholm, K Birkeland, KW AF Kronholm, K Birkeland, KW TI Integrating spatial patterns into a snow avalanche cellular automata model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; FOREST-FIRE MODEL; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; STABILITY INDEX; VARIABILITY; EARTHQUAKES; RESISTANCE; ELEMENTS; RELEASE; SLOPES AB Snow avalanches are a major mountain hazard that kills hundreds of people and causes millions of dollars in damage worldwide annually. Yet, the relationship between the well-documented spatial variability of the snowpack and the avalanche release process is not well understood. We utilize a cellular automata model to show that the spatial structure of shear strength may be critically important for avalanche fracture propagation. Fractures through weak layers with large-scale spatial structure are much more likely to propagate over large areas than fractures through weak layers with smaller-scale spatial structure. Our technique of integrating spatial structure into the model can improve many cellular automata models that aim to explain and predict other natural hazards, such as forest fires, landslides and earthquakes. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. RP Kronholm, K (reprint author), Norwegian Geotech Inst, POB 3930 Ulleval Stad, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. EM kalle.kronholm@ngi.no; kbirkeland@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 12 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 19 AR L19504 DI 10.1029/2005GL024373 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 975TP UT WOS:000232685800008 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM McLean, K Ramsay, G Waugh, R Bryan, GJ AF Spooner, DM McLean, K Ramsay, G Waugh, R Bryan, GJ TI A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolution; sect. Petota; Solanum ID BREVICAULE COMPLEX SOLANACEAE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; WHEAT DOMESTICATION; WILD RELATIVES; SECT. PETOTA; AFLP DATA; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION; CROPS; AGRICULTURE AB The cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum, ultimately traces its origin to Andean and Chilean landraces developed by pre-Colombian cultivators. These Andean landraces exhibit tremendous morphological and genetic diversity, and are distributed throughout the Andes, from western Venezuela to northern Argentina, and in southern Chile. The wild species progenitors of these landraces have long been in dispute, but all hypotheses center on a group of approximate to 20 morphologically very similar tuber-bearing (Solanum section Petota) wild taxa referred to as the S. brevicaule complex, distributed from central Peru to northern Argentina. We present phylogenetic analyses based on the representative cladistic diversity of 362 individual wild (261) and landrace (98) members of potato (all tuber-bearing) and three outgroup non-tuber-bearing members of Solanum section Etuberosum, genotyped with 438 robust amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Our analyses are consistent with a hypothesis of a "northern" (Peru) and "southern" (Bolivia and Argentina) cladistic split for members of the S. brevicaule complex, and with the need for considerable reduction of species in the complex. In contrast to all prior hypotheses, our data support a monophyletic origin of the landrace cultivars from the northern component of this complex in Peru, rather than from multiple independent origins from various northern and southern members. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Genome Dynam Programme, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dspooner@wisc.edu NR 53 TC 155 Z9 163 U1 7 U2 37 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 11 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 41 BP 14694 EP 14699 DI 10.1073/pnas.0507400102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 974PJ UT WOS:000232603600040 PM 16203994 ER PT J AU Levy, AM Gilad, O Xia, L Izumiya, Y Choi, J Tsalenko, A Yakhini, Z Witter, R Lee, L Cardona, CJ Kung, HJ AF Levy, AM Gilad, O Xia, L Izumiya, Y Choi, J Tsalenko, A Yakhini, Z Witter, R Lee, L Cardona, CJ Kung, HJ TI Marek's disease virus Meq transforms chicken cells via the v-Jun transcriptional cascade: A converging transforming pathway for avian oncoviruses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE herpesvirus ID INDEPENDENT GROWTH; ONCOPROTEIN MEQ; C-JUN; GENE; ENCODES; PROTEIN; TARGET; REPLICATION; FIBROBLASTS; LYMPHOCYTES AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly pathogenic and oncogenic herpesvirus of chickens. MDV encodes a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein, Meq (MDV EcoQ). The bZIP domain of Meq shares homology with Jun/Fos, whereas the transactivation/repressor domain is entirely different. Increasing evidence suggests that Meq is the oncoprotein of MDV. Direct evidence that Meq transforms chicken cells and the underlying mechanism, however, remain completely unknown. Taking advantage of the DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblast transformation system, a well established model for studying avian sarcoma and leukemia oncogenes, we probed the transformation properties and pathways of Meq. We found that Meq transforms DF-1, with a cell morphology akin to v-Jun and v-Ski transformed cells, and protects DF-1 from apoptosis, and the transformed cells are tumorigenic in chorioallantoic membrane assay. Significantly, using microarray and RT-PCR analyses, we have identified up-regulated genes such as JTAP-11, JAC, and HB-EGF, which belong to the v-Jun transforming pathway. In addition, c-Jun was found to form stable dimers with Meq and colocalize with it in the transformed cells. RNA interference to Meq and c-Jun down-modulated the expression of these genes and reduced the growth of the transformed DF-1, suggesting that Meq transforms chicken cells by pirating the Jun pathway. These data suggest that avian herpesvirus and retrovirus oncogenes use a. similar strategy in transformation and oncogenesis. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Sch Vet Med Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Kung, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM hkung@ucdavis.edu RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613, CA91574] NR 33 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 11 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 41 BP 14831 EP 14836 DI 10.1073/pnas.0506849102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 974PJ UT WOS:000232603600063 PM 16203997 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Simunek, J Bettahar, M Tadassa, YF van Genuchten, MT Yates, SR AF Bradford, SA Simunek, J Bettahar, M Tadassa, YF van Genuchten, MT Yates, SR TI Straining of colloids at textural interfaces SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; MICROBIAL TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION; FILTRATION; BACTERIA; SUBSURFACE; ATTACHMENT AB [1] Although natural soil and aquifer systems often contain layers and lenses of contrasting soil texture, relatively little research has focused on the mechanisms of colloid deposition at textural interfaces. Saturated column studies were undertaken to characterize the straining behavior of negatively charged latex colloids (1.1 and 3.0 mu m) at textural interfaces. Mechanisms of colloid transport and retention were deduced from measured effluent concentration curves, final spatial distributions in the columns, mass balance information, microscopic examination of deposition behavior in micromodel experiments, and numerical modeling. Transport and deposition of colloids were found to be highly dependent upon the textural interface. Deposition of colloids in a given sand was always most pronounced at the sand ( inlet) surface. Here colloids enter a new pore network and are more likely to encounter smaller pores or dead-end regions of the pore space that contribute to straining. Less deposition occurred at textural interfaces within the column than at the sand surface. We believe that this is due to the fact that advection, dispersion, and size exclusion tend to confine colloid transport to the larger pore networks, thus limiting accessibility to straining sites. Increasing the textural contrast at an interface produced greater colloid deposition when water flowed from coarser-to finer-textured sands. Conversely, when water flowed from finer- to coarser-textured sands, little deposition occurred. Numerical modeling indicates the need to account for blocking ( filling) and accessibility of straining sites in layered systems. A previously developed straining model was modified to account for this behavior. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Parsons, Pasadena, CA 91124 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; NR 55 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 11 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 10 AR W10404 DI 10.1029/2004WR003675 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 975VA UT WOS:000232690400001 ER PT J AU Falkowski, MJ Gessler, PE Morgan, P Hudak, AT Smith, AMS AF Falkowski, MJ Gessler, PE Morgan, P Hudak, AT Smith, AMS TI Characterizing and mapping forest fire fuels using ASTER imagery and gradient modeling SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest fire; fuels; remote sensing; gradient modeling; ASTER; fuel model; crown bulk density; crown closure ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; WILDLAND FUELS; TM IMAGERY; GENERATION; ECOSYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEMS; SCALES; GIS AB Land managers need cost-effective methods for mapping and characterizing forest fuels quickly and accurately. The launch of satellite sensors with increased spatial resolution may improve the accuracy and reduce the cost of fuels mapping. The objective of this research is to evaluate the accuracy and utility of imagery from the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) satellite sensor, and gradient modeling, for mapping fuel layers for fire behavior modeling with FARSITE and FLAMMAP. Empirical models, based upon field data and spectral information from an ASTER image, were employed to test the efficacy of ASTER for mapping and characterizing crown closure and crown bulk density. Surface fuel models (National Forest Fire Laboratory (NFFL) 1-13) were mapped using a classification tree based upon three gradient layers; potential vegetation type, cover type, and structural stage. The final surface fuel model layer had an overall accuracy of 0.632 (K-HAT = 0.536). Results for the canopy fuel empirical models developed here suggest that vegetation indices incorporating visible wavelengths (i.e. the green red vegetation index (GRVI)) are suitable for predicting crown closure and crown bulk density (r(2) = 0.76. and 0.46, respectively). (0 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Falkowski, MJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, 6th & Line St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM falk4587@uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 NR 57 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 217 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.06.013 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 975PA UT WOS:000232673200001 ER PT J AU Aukema, BH Werner, RA Haberkern, KE Illman, BL Clayton, MK Raffa, KF AF Aukema, BH Werner, RA Haberkern, KE Illman, BL Clayton, MK Raffa, KF TI Quantifying sources of variation in the frequency of fungi associated with spruce beetles: Implications for hypothesis testing and sampling methodology in bark beetle-symbiont relationships SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus rufipennis; generalized linear models; Leptographium abietinum; population dynamics; variance components ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; LINEAR MIXED MODELS; DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE; BLUE-STAIN FUNGI; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS COLEOPTERA; LEPTOGRAPHIUM-ABIETINUM; WHITE SPRUCE; CERATOCYSTIS-RUFIPENNI; LAPLACES APPROXIMATION AB The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), causes landscape level mortality to mature spruce (Picea spp.) throughout western and northern North America. As with other bark beetles, this beetle is associated with a variety of fungi, whose ecological functions are largely unknown. It has been proposed that the relative frequencies of specific fungi associated with bark beetles may vary with ecological factors such as host species, climate, or beetle population phase. We collected approximate to,1000 adult spruce beetles in south-central Alaska from 1999 to 2001. We employed a variety of insect collection and microbial isolation techniques during year 1 to devise optimal conditions. In the latter 2 years, we sampled live adults excavated from overwintering galleries, and isolated fungi by dragging beetles across malt agar amended with gentamicin. We obtained 10 fungal species. We used a multilevel generalized linear mixed model to (a) develop estimates of the prevalence of each isolated fungal species in the beetle population; (b) explore factors that might explain the frequencies of association of specific fungi with adult spruce beetles, such as insect population phase or positive or negative associations with other fungi, and (c) partition the relative sources of variation in beetle-fungal associations between the hierarchical, random effect variables (i.e., nested individual insect, collecting vessel, tree, and site variables). We implemented this model using three procedures with different computational algorithms within the commonly used software packages R and SAS, and compared the results. The most prevalent fungus was Leptographium abietinum, which was recovered from approximately 80% of beetles. The frequency of association of both L abietinum and a Pesotum species varied with insect population phase in 2001. The presence of Pesotunt spp. on spruce beetles was negatively associated with the presence of L. abietinum. The variance components models indicated that there was significant variation among beetle-fungal associations within trees and trees within sites. Site was generally the smallest source of variation, but estimates were not very precise. We demonstrate how these estimates of variation can be used to design practical sampling protocols to test other hypotheses. This analysis also highlights how attention must be given to understanding experimental design and analysis, and how conflicting conclusions can emerge from hypothesis testing of ecological factors. Our model can be extended as a general analytical approach for future hypothesis testing of bark beetle-fungal associations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Biometry Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Med Sci Ctr, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Aukema, BH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 345 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM baukema@pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca NR 88 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 217 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.062 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 975PA UT WOS:000232673200005 ER PT J AU Alig, RJ Lewis, DJ Swenson, JJ AF Alig, RJ Lewis, DJ Swenson, JJ TI Is forest fragmentation driven by the spatial configuration of land quality? The case of western Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; land quality; land rent; spatial configuration ID AREA AB We investigated spatial configuration of economic returns, to enhance models of forest fragmentation for western Oregon and western Washington. Drawing from spatial land rent theory, economic drivers of forest fragmentation at the landscape level include land quality comprised of attributes such as soil fertility or the distance of urban plots to amenities. We included the spatial configuration of land quality as independent variables in regressions for western Oregon. Results indicate that land quality fragmentation is a significant determinant of forest fragmentation. This holds both for a model using a forest fragmentation index composed of three fragmentation metrics, and separate models for each component or metric: percent non-forest, percent edge, and interspersion. Including land quality fragmentation as an explanatory variable increases the fit of the regressions by more when the dependent variable represents spatial pattern (e.g., percent edge) rather than aggregate land use (e.g., percent non-forest). Variables capturing the spatial configuration of soil quality improve the fit of all specifications and have some effect in terms of bias of other parameter estimates. Improved understanding of key determinants will aid in designing land conservation policies that provide a mechanism for aligning private incentives with broader public goals. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ralig@fs.fed.us RI Lewis, David/I-5700-2013 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 217 IS 2-3 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.06.007 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 975PA UT WOS:000232673200011 ER PT J AU Hao, WM Ward, DE Susott, RA Babbitt, RE Nordgren, BL Kaufman, YJ Holben, BN Giles, DM AF Hao, WM Ward, DE Susott, RA Babbitt, RE Nordgren, BL Kaufman, YJ Holben, BN Giles, DM TI Comparison of aerosol optical thickness measurements by MODIS, AERONET sun photometers, and Forest Service handheld sun photometers in southern Africa during the SAFARI 2000 campaign SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION FIRE; DRY SEASON; BIOMASS; LAND; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; INSTRUMENT AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite has been used to monitor aerosol optical thickness (AOT, tau) daily at 10 km x 10 km resolution worldwide since August 2000. This information, together with the locations of active fires detected by the MODIS instrument, is essential for understanding the seasonal trends and interannual variability of fires and their impacts on air pollution, atmospheric chemistry, and global climate. We compared aerosol optical thickness derived from MODIS, five automated sun photometers of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), and 38 Forest Service (FS) handheld sun photometers in western Zambia from 20 August to 20 September 2000. Aerosol optical thicknesses derived from AERONET sun photometers and FS sun photometers were also compared in the same region between mid-June and late September 2000. Our objectives were to validate the AOT measurements by MODIS and to investigate the factors that affect AOT measurements. We demonstrated that in the regions of intense biomass burning, MODIS aerosol optical thickness was consistently 40-50% lower at 470, 550, and 660 nm compared with ground-based AOT measurements by automated and handheld sun photometers and airborne measurements by NASA Ames Airborne Tracking 14-channel Sunphotometers (AATS-14). The satellite look angles can influence the MODIS AOT values, with the actual MODIS AOT values being as much as 0.06 higher than model-calculated MODIS AOT values on the right edge of the MODIS scene. This phenomenon may be due to error in the assumed aerosol scattering phase function or surface directional properties. Density of vegetation cover can also affect MODIS measurements of aerosol optical thickness. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Enviropyron LLC, White Salmon, WA 98672 USA. NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM whao@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 19 BP 4169 EP 4183 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 985AL UT WOS:000233348400004 ER PT J AU Chaplot, V Saleh, A Jaynes, DB AF Chaplot, V Saleh, A Jaynes, DB TI Effect of the accuracy of spatial rainfall information on the modeling of water, sediment, and NO3-N loads at the watershed level SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrologic modeling; SWAT; spatial input data; rainfall ID VARIABILITY; QUALITY; CLIMATE; BALANCE; IMPACT; SWAT; SOIL AB In a given watershed, the accuracy of models in predicting the hydrologic and erosion behavior depends, to a large extent, on the quality of the knowledge in respect of the spatial rainfall. The hydrologic and erosion aspects of rainfall are often discussed without due regard to any resulting improvement in watershed modeling. Thus, there is a real need for streamlining raingauge networks in order to reflect rainfall variability and its effect on the prediction of water, sediment and nutrient fluxes at the watershed scale. In this study, such an impact was analyzed using 9-year data collected at the outlets of two watersheds encompassing a range of climates, surface areas and environmental conditions. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied using as input data that collected from 1 to 15 precipitation gauges per watershed. At both sites the highest densities of raingauges were used for SWAT calibration. The differences between the highest gauge concentration and lower concentrations used for the estimation of sediment loads led to the conclusion that a high gauge concentration is necessary. At both watersheds, predictions using rainfall records from the national service stations produced inaccurate estimations. This was probably because the gauge concentration was too sparse. Finally, the general applicability of these results is proposed by displaying the possibilities of extrapolation to other watersheds or models. 0 2005 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 IRD, Ctr IRD Ile France, F-93143 Bondy, France. Tarleton State Univ, TIAER, Stephenville, TX USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chaplot, V (reprint author), IRD, Ctr IRD Ile France, 32,Ave Henri Varagnat, F-93143 Bondy, France. EM vincent.chaplot@bondy.ird.fr RI Chaplot, Vincent/C-3116-2014 NR 22 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 312 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.jhhydrol.2005.02.019 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 975OT UT WOS:000232672500015 ER PT J AU Beisel, CL Dowd, MK Reilly, PJ AF Beisel, CL Dowd, MK Reilly, PJ TI Conformational analysis of gossypol and its derivatives by molecular mechanics SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE anhydrogossypol; binaphthalene; conformations; gossypol; gossypolone; MM3; molecular mechanics ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; CONFIGURATIONAL INVERSION; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; OPTICAL STABILITY; SCHIFFS BASES; HYDROCARBONS; MM3(92) AB Conformations and inversion pathways leading to racemization of all the tautomers of gossypol, gossypolone, anhydrogossypol, and a diethylamine Schiff's base of gossypol were investigated with MM3(2000). All forms have hindered rotation because of clashes between the methyl carbon atom and oxygen-containing moieties ortho to the bond linking the two naphthalene rings. Inversion energies generally agree with available experimental data. Gossypol preferentially inverts in its dihemiacetal tautomeric form through the cis pathway (where similar groups clash). Gossypolone inverts more easily than gossypol, and preferentially through,the trans pathway (where dissimilar groups clash) when one of its outer rings has an enol-keto group and the other has an aldehyde group. Anhydrogossypol racemizes through the cis pathway. The bridge bond and the ortho exo-cyclic bonds in all the structures bend from planarity, and the inner naphthalene rings pucker to accommodate the inversion. For gossypol, the transition is achieved through greater bending of the exo-cyclic bonds (up to 12) and less distortion of the inner benzyl rings (q <= 0.34 angstrom), (up to 12.7 degrees). For gossypolone the transition occurs with greater distortion of the inner benzyl rings (q <= 0.63 angstrom) and less out-of-plane bending (up to 8.4 degrees). By isolating individual clashes, their contribution to the overall barrier can be analyzed, as shown for the dialdehyde tautomer of gossypol. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Reilly, PJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM reilly@iastate.edu RI Beisel, Chase/D-4823-2015 OI Beisel, Chase/0000-0003-0650-9943 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 7 PY 2005 VL 730 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.05.010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 970PA UT WOS:000232320900007 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Aguilar, PV Zeng, H Solorzano, A Swayne, DE Cox, NJ Katz, JM Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A AF Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Aguilar, PV Zeng, H Solorzano, A Swayne, DE Cox, NJ Katz, JM Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A TI Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; NEURAMINIDASE DETERMINES; GENE; HEMAGGLUTININ; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENICITY; SEGMENT; ORIGIN AB The pandemic influenza virus of 1918-1919 killed an estimated 20 to 50 million people worldwide. With the recent availability of the complete 1918 influenza virus coding sequence, we used reverse genetics to generate an influenza virus bearing all eight gene segments of the pandemic virus to study the properties associated with its extraordinary virulence. In stark contrast to contemporary human influenza H1N1 viruses, the 1918 pandemic virus had the ability to replicate in the absence of trypsin, caused death in mice and embryonated chicken eggs, and displayed a high-growth phenotype in human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, the coordinated expression of the 1918 virus genes most certainly confers, the unique high-virulence phenotype observed with this pandemic virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113-01, U19 AI62623, U54 AI57158] NR 25 TC 643 Z9 709 U1 19 U2 196 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5745 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1126/science.1119392 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 972TV UT WOS:000232477000039 PM 16210530 ER PT J AU Champ, PA Alberini, A Correas, I AF Champ, PA Alberini, A Correas, I TI Using contingent valuation to value a noxious weeds control program: the effects of including an unsure response category SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE nonmarket valuation; contingent valuation; willingness to pay; dichotomous-choice format; unsure responses; referendum ID REFERENDUM; OPTIONS AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Contingent Valuation panel recommended that a response category be included along with the vote in favor and vote against options associated with a referendum contingent valuation question that allows individuals to express lack of a well defined opinion. However, the recommendation did not include guidance on how to analyze such responses. In this article, we describe the results of a carefully designed split sample experiment that allowed for comparison of a standard dichotomous-choice referendum treatment to a treatment that included the option of responding unsure to the contingent valuation question in addition to the standard vote in favor and vote against response categories. We are able to examine several options for dealing with the unsure responses and conclude that the unsure responses should be included in the value estimation as the respondents who choose this response category are distinct from respondents who choose the vote in favor and vote against response categories. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Econ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Champ, PA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pchamp@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 55 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.011 PG 14 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 972UO UT WOS:000232478900006 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Schrader, KK Mamonov, LK Sitpaeva, GT Kustova, TS Dunbar, C Wedge, DE AF Cantrell, CL Schrader, KK Mamonov, LK Sitpaeva, GT Kustova, TS Dunbar, C Wedge, DE TI Isolation and identification of antifungal and antialgal alkaloids from Haplophyllum sieversii SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Haplophyllum sieversii; Botrytis cinerea; Fusarium oxysporum; Phomopsis obscurans; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Colletotrichum acutatum; Oscillatoria perornata; Oscillatoria agardhii; Selenastrum capricornutum; Pseudanabaena; flindersine; eudesmin; anhydroevoxine; haplamine ID MISSISSIPPI CATFISH PONDS; SELECTIVE ALGICIDES; UNITED-STATES; IN-VITRO; LIGNANS; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; PATAVINUM; BIOAUTOGRAPHY; CYANOBACTERIA; COUMARINS AB Bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane/ethyl acetate/water (H/EtOAc/H2O) crude extract of the aerial parts of Haplophyllum sieversii was performed because of preliminary screening data that indicated the presence of growth inhibitory components against Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum acutatum. Fractionation was directed using bioautographical methods resulting in the isolation of the bioactive alkaloids flindersine, anhydroevoxine, haplamine, and a lignan eudesmin. These four compounds were evaluated for activity against C. fragariae, C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phomopsis obscurans in a dose-response growth-inhibitory bioassay at 50.0, 100.0, and 150.0 mu M. Of the four compounds tested, flindersine demonstrated the highest level of antifungal activity. Additionally, flindersine, eudesmin, and haplamine were screened against the freshwater phytoplanktons Oscillatoria peromata, Oscillatoria agardhii, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Pseudanabaena sp. (strain LW397). Haplamine demonstrated selective inhibition against the odor-producing cyanobacterium O. perornata compared to the activity against the green alga S. capricornutum, with lowest observed effect concentration values of 1.0 and 10.0 mu M, respectively. C1 USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Inst Plant Physiol Genet & Bioengn, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. Inst Bot & Phytointroduct, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. Univ Mississippi, Thad Cochran Res Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ccantrell@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 20 BP 7741 EP 7748 DI 10.1021/jf051478v PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 970EU UT WOS:000232288800018 PM 16190626 ER PT J AU Fan, XT AF Fan, XT TI Formation of furan from carbohydrates and ascorbic acid following exposure to ionizing radiation and thermal processing SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE furan; ionizing radiation; ascorbic acid; fructose; glucose; sucrose; thermal treatment ID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; FOOD; MODEL AB This study was conducted to investigate the formation of furan from sugars, ascorbic acid, and organic acids as affected by ionizing radiation and thermal treatments. Results showed that both thermal treatments and irradiation induced formation of furan from ascorbic acid, fructose, sucrose, or glucose. Little furan was produced from malic acid or citric acid. The pH and concentration of sugars and ascorbic acid solutions had profound influences on furan formation due to either irradiation or thermal treatment. The rate of irradiation-induced furan formation increased with decreasing pH from 8 to 3. Approximately 1600 times less furan was formed at pH 8 as apposed to pH 3. At the same pHs, the amounts of furan formed from irradiation of ascorbic acid, fructose, and sucrose were always higher than from glucose. As pH decreased from 7 to 3, an increase in thermally induced furan was observed for sucrose and ascorbic acid solutions, but for glucose solution, less furan was formed at pH 3 than at pH 7. The levels of sugars commonly found in fruits and fruit juices, upon irradiation, would be high enough to potentially produce low parts per billion (ppb) levels of furan. The concentration of ascorbic acid at which a maximum of furan was produced upon irradiation was about 0.5 mg/mL, a level commonly found in some foods. Five furan derivatives were tentatively identified in thermally treated ascorbic acid solution, while one furan derivative was tentatively found in both irradiated and thermally treated samples. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 20 BP 7826 EP 7831 DI 10.1021/jf051135x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 970EU UT WOS:000232288800029 PM 16190637 ER PT J AU Horner, HT Cervantes-Martinez, T Healy, R Reddy, MB Deardorff, BL Bailey, TB Al-Wahsh, I Massey, LK Palmer, RG AF Horner, HT Cervantes-Martinez, T Healy, R Reddy, MB Deardorff, BL Bailey, TB Al-Wahsh, I Massey, LK Palmer, RG TI Oxalate and phytate concentrations in seeds of soybean cultivars [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE calcium oxalate; cultivar; nutrition; oxalate; phytate; seeds; soybean ID CALCIUM-OXALATE; PHYTIC ACID; IRON-ABSORPTION; FOODS; CRYSTALS; PROTEIN; PLANTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; LEGUMINOSAE; PHOSPHORUS AB This study analyzed soybean seeds from 116 cultivars for total, insoluble, and soluble oxalate (Ox), phytate (InSP6), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) because of their potential beneficial or harmful effects on human nutrition. These cultivars were divided into four groups (A-D) on the basis of the year and geographic location where they were grown. Oxalate concentration ranged from about 82 to 285 mg/100 g of dry seed. The InSP6 concentration ranged from 0.22 to 2.22 g/100 g of dry seed. There was no correlation between Ox and InSP6 Within or among the four groups of cultivars. There was a significant correlation between total Ox and Ca, but not Mg, in group D cultivars (r = 0.3705; p < 0.0005). No significant relationship was found in the group A-C cultivars. Eleven group D cultivars had InSP6 less than 500 mg/100 g, but all had total Ox of 130 mg/100 g or greater. Five cultivars from groups A-C had relatively low InsP(6) (group B; <= 1.01 g/100 g) and low Ox (< 140 mg/100 g). These cultivars could be useful for producing soy foods beneficial to populations at risk for kidney stones and for improved mineral bioavailability. The Ox and InSP6 concentrations of the cultivars indicate that choosing specific parents could generate seeds in succeeding generations with desirable Ox and lnsP(6) concentrations. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Bessey Microscopy Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horner, HT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hth@iastate.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 20 BP 7870 EP 7877 DI 10.1021/jf051193i PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 970EU UT WOS:000232288800036 PM 16190644 ER PT J AU Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A AF Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A TI Wet deposition of current use pesticides at a rural location on the Delmarva Peninsula: Impact of rainfall patterns and agricultural activity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; precipitation; Delmarva Peninsula; Choptank; wet deposition; agriculture ID NORTHERN CHESAPEAKE BAY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; SURFACE-WATER; GREAT-LAKES; CHLORPYRIFOS; AIR; CHLOROTHALONIL; DEGRADATION AB Event-based precipitation samples were collected during the main agricultural season (April-September) over 4 years (2000-2003) at one site in the Choptank River Watershed on the Delmarva Peninsula. The samples were analyzed for 19 agricultural pesticides to determine the contribution of wet deposition as a source of these compounds to the Chesapeake Bay and the factors affecting the temporal trends in deposition. Chlorothalonil was detected most frequently (92% samples) followed by metolachlor (66%) and endosulfans (49%). Although chlorothalonil is the single biggest contributor to pesticide flux (33-46%), pesticide wet deposition is dominated by herbicides (46-61%), with the greatest fluxes occurring during the time of herbicide application on corn and soybeans. The analysis suggests that the extent of wet deposition of herbicides depends on the timing of precipitation relative to herbicide application. The insecticide and fungicide flux was greater in years with above-average rainfall (2001 and 2003), suggesting that for these pesticides deposition flux is dependent on the total amount of rainfall in the agricultural season. The data indicate that the use of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide which is on the Toxics of Concern list for the Bay, is on the increase. Total pesticide flux ranged from go mu g/m(2) (2001) to 180 mu g/m(2) (2000). Wet deposition can account for up to 10-20% of the annual loadings of pesticides to the Bay. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Rm 225,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcconnel@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 20 BP 7915 EP 7924 DI 10.1021/jf0507700 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 970EU UT WOS:000232288800042 PM 16190650 ER PT J AU Yeung, CK Zhu, L Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Yeung, CK Zhu, L Glahn, RP Miller, DD TI Tissue iron distribution and adaptation of iron absorption in rats exposed to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron absorotion; NaFeEDTA; rats; tea; kidney ID FE(III)-EDTA COMPLEX; GENE-EXPRESSION; TEA CONSUMPTION; FERROUS SULFATE; CARBONYL IRON; CACO-2 CELLS; FORTIFICATION; EDTA; OVERLOAD; HUMANS AB Although it has been shown that iron absorption from NaFeEDTA, a promising iron fortificant, is effectively down-regulated in iron-loaded rats, effects of prolonged exposure to high dietary levels of NaFeEDTA are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rats can adapt to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption, and to determine effects on tissue iron distribution, with or without an iron absorption inhibitor. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to diets supplemented with FeSOP4 or NaFeEDTA at 1200 mg of Fe/kg of diet, with or without tea, for 27 days. Iron absorption measured by whole-body counting before and after exposure showed that rats adapted to the high dietary level of FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption to a similar extent. However, nonheme iron concentrations in liver and spleen were about 35-50% lower, whereas the concentration in kidney was about 300% higher in rats fed NaFeEDTA, compared to rats fed FeSO4. Tea had no major impact on iron absorption or iron status, regardless of iron source. Our results showed that although iron absorption was down-regulated similarly, body iron distribution was markedly different between rats exposed to FeSO4 and those exposed to NaFeEDTA. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to dietary NaFeEDTA on kidney iron accumulation and kidney function. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14883 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14883 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 20 BP 8087 EP 8091 DI 10.1021/jf051242r PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 970EU UT WOS:000232288800067 PM 16190675 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, L TI Characterization of defatted soy flour and elastomer composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; defatted soy flour; elastomers; mechanical properties; reinforcement ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LATEX FILMS; FILLER NETWORKING; RUBBER COMPOSITES; RECOVERY KINETICS; PRODUCTS; BEHAVIOR; POLYMERS AB Defatted soy flour (DSF) is an abundant renewable commodity and is more economically favorable then soy protein isolate or soy protein concentrate. DSF contains soy protein, soy carbohydrate, and soy whey. The aqueous dispersion of DSF was blended with styrene-butadiene latex to form elastomer composites. The inclusion of soy carbohydrate increased the tensile stress in the small strain region, but reduced the elongation at break. The shear elastic modulus of the composites showed an increase in the small strain region, consistent with its stress-strain behavior. The inclusion of soy carbohydrate and soy whey also improved the recovery behavior in the nonlinear region. At small strain, the shear elastic modulus of 30 % filled composites at 140 degrees C was about 500 times higher than that of the unfilled elastomer, indicating a significant reinforcement effect generated by DSF. Compared with soy protein isolate (SPI), the stress softening effect and recovery behavior under dynamic strain indicate the addition of soy carbohydrate and soy whey may have increased the filler-rubber interaction. In general, the DSF composites gave better mechanical properties compared with the protein composites. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jongl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1002/app.22094 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 957KC UT WOS:000231367700048 ER PT J AU Wohl, E Angermeier, PL Bledsoe, B Kondolf, GM MacDonnell, L Merritt, DM Palmer, MA Poff, NL Tarboton, D AF Wohl, E Angermeier, PL Bledsoe, B Kondolf, GM MacDonnell, L Merritt, DM Palmer, MA Poff, NL Tarboton, D TI River restoration SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ET-AL. 2005; KISSIMMEE RIVER; ECOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; SCIENCE; WATER; RIPARIAN; PROJECT; REHABILITATION AB [1] River restoration is at the forefront of applied hydrologic science. However, many river restoration projects are conducted with minimal scientific context. We propose two themes around which a research agenda to advance the scientific basis for river restoration can be built. First, because natural variability is an inherent feature of all river systems, we hypothesize that restoration of process is more likely to succeed than restoration aimed at a fixed end point. Second, because physical, chemical, and biological processes are interconnected in complex ways across watersheds and across timescales, we hypothesize that restoration projects are more likely to be successful in achieving goals if undertaken in the context of entire watersheds. To achieve restoration objectives, the science of river restoration must include ( 1) an explicit recognition of the known complexities and uncertainties, ( 2) continued development of a theoretical framework that enables us to identify generalities among river systems and to ask relevant questions, ( 3) enhancing the science and use of restoration monitoring by measuring the most effective set of variables at the correct scales of measurement, ( 4) linking science and implementation, and ( 5) developing methods of restoration that are effective within existing constraints. Key limitations to river restoration include a lack of scientific knowledge of watershed-scale process dynamics, institutional structures that are poorly suited to large-scale adaptive management, and a lack of political support to reestablish delivery of the ecosystem amenities lost through river degradation. This paper outlines an approach for addressing these shortcomings. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Landscape Architecture & Environm Planning, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Porzak Browning & Bushong LLP, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. US Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA,NRRC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wohl, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1482 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu; biota@vt.edu; bbledsoe@engr.colostate.edu; kondolf@berkeley.edu; lmacdonnell@pbblaw.com; dmmerritt@fs.fed.us; mpalmer@umd.edu; leroy.poff@colostate.edu; dtarb@cc.usu.edu RI Tarboton, David/G-8972-2011; Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009 OI Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479; NR 86 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 6 U2 73 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 4 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 10 AR W10301 DI 10.1029/2005WR003985 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 975IT UT WOS:000232654900003 ER PT J AU Cokendolpher, JC Peck, RW Niwa, CG AF Cokendolpher, JC Peck, RW Niwa, CG TI Mygalomorph spiders from southwestern Oregon, USA, with descriptions of four new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Araneae; Mygalomorphae; Antrodiaetidae; Dipluridae; Mecicobothriidae; Antrodiaetus; Atypoides; Hexura; Microhexura; Oregon; Cascade Mountains; Siskiyou Mountains ID GENUS ALIATYPUS ARANEAE; NATURAL-HISTORY; ANTRODIAETIDAE; LITTER; FOREST AB Extensive pitfall trapping in the Siskiyou and southern Cascade Mountains in southwestern Oregon, USA, revealed the presence of four new species of Antrodiaetus spiders (Antrodiaetidae) as well as numerous examples of the rarely reported Hexura rothi (Mecicobothriidae). The new species are: Antrodiaetus ashlandensis, A. coylei, A. effeminatus, and A. metapacificus. Additional records were also obtained for Antrodiaetus pugnax and Atypoides gertschi (Antrodiaetidae). Distributional data are provided for each species. The four new species are described and illustrated and a taxonomic key to all mygalomorph spiders from southwestern Oregon is provided. Further, each of the previously described Antrodiaetus spp. from the region is diagnosed. The morphology of the male genital plate is proposed as a potentially useful taxonomic character. C1 Texas Tech Univ Museum, Nat Sci Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cokendolpher, JC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ Museum, Nat Sci Res Lab, 4th & Indiana St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM cokendolpher@aol.com; rpeck@usgs.gov; cniwa@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 4 PY 2005 IS 1058 BP 1 EP 34 PG 34 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 970MQ UT WOS:000232314700001 ER PT J AU Williams, LE Ayars, JE AF Williams, LE Ayars, JE TI Grapevine water use and the crop coefficient are linear functions of the shaded area measured beneath the canopy SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop evapotranspiration (ETc); crop coefficient (K-c); Vitis vinifera L.; grapevine; leaf area; leaf area index (LAI); shaded area ID THOMPSON-SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES; TRANSPIRATION; IRRIGATION; INDEX; DRIP; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CALIFORNIA; VINEYARD AB The relationships among water use and the crop coefficient of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless with several measures of canopy development were determined with the aid of a weighing lysimeter in the San Joaquin Valley of California. At various times during two growing seasons, vine leaf area, calculated leaf area index (LAI) and the amount of shade cast on the ground directly beneath the canopy were determined. Leaf area was estimated by measuring the length of all shoots on the vines within the lysimeter and determining the relationship between length and leaf area per shoot and calculating total vine leaf area or by destructive harvests of vines of similar size surrounding the lysimeter. Shaded area was determined in 1998 using a grid (with 50 cm(2) individual sections) on the ground beneath the vine at solar noon and estimating the percent shade within each square. Total shade was calculated as the product of the area of all squares and the percent shade within each square. In 1999 shaded area was determined from an image of the shade beneath the canopy that was downloaded to a computer and the shade digitized with the use of a software program. Daily water use ranged from 4 to 60 L per vine across both years. Leaf area per vine ranged from 2 to 34 m(2) per vine during the study. The amount of shade cast on the ground was a linear function of total vine leaf area although there were differences between years. The north and south curtains of the vines' canopies were raised for a 2-week period in 1999 to simulate an overhead trellis system. The percent shaded area increased from 60 to 75% and vine water use increased from similar to 42 L per vine before the curtains were raised to greater than 60 L per vine after being raised. The crop coefficient (K-c) increased from 0.9 to 1.3. Vine water use and the crop coefficient were linearly related to leaf area per vine, LAI and the amount of shade cast on the ground. However, the greatest R-2 value (0.95) of the relationships with the K-c was that for shaded area compared to a R-2 value of 0.87 for leaf area and LAI. The data indicate that due to the structure of a grapevine canopy the interception of light, as measured by the amount of shade cast on the ground, is a more important determinant of vine water use and the K. than total leaf area or LAI. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM williams@uckac.edu NR 31 TC 156 Z9 159 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 3 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.07.010 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 984MP UT WOS:000233309300003 ER PT J AU Carter, CT Grieve, CM Poss, JA Suarez, DL AF Carter, CT Grieve, CM Poss, JA Suarez, DL TI Production and ion uptake of Celosia argentea irrigated with saline wastewaters SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Celosia argentea; cut flowers; mineral nutrition; salinity; wastewater ID HORTICULTURAL CROPS; NUTRIENT; RATIOS; GROWTH; PLANTS AB The reuse of saline wastewaters and groundwaters becomes a viable option for the irrigation of salt tolerant floral crops as competition for high quality water increases. A completely randomized design with three replications was used to assess the effects of two water ionic compositions and six salinity levels on the production and mineral accumulation of two cultivars of Celosia argentea var. cristata (L.) Kuntze under greenhouse conditions. Ionic water compositions mimicked sea water and saline drainage waters of the Imperial and Coachella Valleys of California. Electrical conductivity levels included 2.5 (control), 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0 dS m(-1). Seeds representing the two cultivars ("Chief Rose" and "Chief Gold") were sown in 36 greenhouse sand tanks. Leaf mineral concentrations were determined 1 month from planting for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, total-S, and total-P. Phenotypic measurements were taken when plants were harvested after flowering. For both cultivars and ionic water compositions, concentrations for Ca2+, K+, and total-P decreased as salinity increased whereas Mg2+, Na+, and Cl- concentrations increased with increasing salinity. Significant two-way interactions were found between water ionic composition and salinity for all mineral concentrations for both cultivars (P < 0.05). All phenotypic measurements showed an overall decrease as salinity increased for both cultivars. Based on stem length measurements, "Chief Gold" may be produced for commercial use in saline waters with electrical conductivities of 12 dS m(-1) in both water compositions. "Chief Rose" may be produced in salinity concentrations up to 10 dS m(-1) for water compositions similar to the Imperial and Coachella Valleys and up to 8 dS m(-1) for water compositions similar to sea water. Producing cut flowers in saline waters also reduces excessive stem length, which occurs when plants are grown in control treatments. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Carter, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ccarter@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD OCT 3 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 3 BP 381 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2005.04.007 PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964FM UT WOS:000231864200010 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA AF DiCarlo, DA TI Modeling observed saturation overshoot with continuum additions to standard unsaturated theory SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE unsaturated flow; infiltration; preferential flow; saturation overshoot; Richards equation; continuum models ID GRAVITY-DRIVEN FINGERS; WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; STABILITY ANALYSIS; FLOW; INFILTRATION; EQUATION; SOILS; PRESSURE; SANDS AB In uniform soils that are susceptible to unstable preferential flow, the water saturation exhibits a nonmonotonic profile upon continuous infiltration. This overshoot cannot be described by the conventional Richards equation. Here, solutions to the infiltrations using a popular nonequilibrium extension to the Richards equation are obtained using the traveling wave nature of the saturation profile. Quantitative comparisons are made to recent measurements of saturation overshoot. The nonequilibrium solutions can be made to fit the flux range of the overshoot, but the fit to the tip saturations is fair to poor at best. Also, small changes in porous media size and roughness require large changes in the magnitude of the nonequilibrium term to match the flux range. The results suggest that the nonequilibrium. capillary pressure does not include the correct physics that controls the overshoot. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1021 EP 1027 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.12.003 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 970RY UT WOS:000232328500004 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, MJ Schlelhas, JW DeGloria, SD Gomez, J AF Pfeffer, MJ Schlelhas, JW DeGloria, SD Gomez, J TI Population, conservation, and land use change in Honduras SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE land use allocation; fallow management; forest conservation; agricultural intensification ID TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; CATEGORICAL MAPS; COSTA-RICA; INTENSIFICATION; LOCATION AB This paper examines the role of population density on land use allocation and change. We are especially interested in the management of fallow areas that have come under increasing pressure given restrictions imposed by the creation of protected areas like national parks. It is argued that these restrictions to reduce deforestation create a relative scarcity of land, and applies insights about the management of fallows from Boserup's classic work on agricultural intensification and population growth. This paper examines land use in the Cerro Azul Meambar National Park in Honduras. Land use allocation is evaluated using data from a social survey of 600 farms in the Park's buffer zone, and land use classifications based on Landsat satellite images. Change in land use is analyzed by comparing satellite image-based land use classifications in 1993 and 1999. The analysis indicates that differences in population density are an important factor in explaining land use allocation and change. Whether in areas of high population density or low, fallow areas are reduced when land is scarcer. In areas of low population density, reforestation efforts associated with Park management lead to the displacement of fallows. In areas of high population density fallows give way to more intensive land uses. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Dev Sociol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Tuskegee Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Inst, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. AFE, COHDEFOR, Siguatepeque, Honduras. RP Pfeffer, MJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Dev Sociol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mjp5@cornell.edu RI DeGloria, Stephen/B-8513-2015 OI DeGloria, Stephen/0000-0002-3343-6607 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.05.003 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957YL UT WOS:000231409400002 ER PT J AU Mallik, MAB Williams, RD AF Mallik, MAB Williams, RD TI Allelopathic growth stimulation of plants and microorganisms SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE allantoin; auxins; cytokinins; ethylene; gibberellins; nitrogen fixation; petunioside; plant-microbe interaction; rhizosphere microorganisms; saponin; strygolactones ID BACILLUS-CEREUS UW85; SOIL-MICROORGANISMS; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; AZOTOBACTER-CHROOCOCCUM; PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI; GERMINATION STIMULANT; SEED-GERMINATION; LETTUCE ROOTS; ZEA-MAYS AB Growth promotion of plants by other plants and microorganisms, as well as that of microorganisms by plants and other microorganisms, is discussed. Agrostemma githago in mixed culture with wheat enhances growth and yield of wheat. Allantoin, a purine derivative and the principal component of agrostemin released from A. githago, is the growth factor. Soil amended with shoots of Solanum nigrum, enhances the soybean growth and nodulation. Growth and yield of several legumes are enhanced by mixed culture with Heliotropium peruvianum. Triacontanol isolated from alfalfa, and brassinolide from rape and alder pollen, stimulates the growth and yield of several crops. Chromosaponin 1, isolated from etiolated pea seedlings, stimulates the growth of lettuce by 190 %. Petunioside M stimulates the growth of cucumber and suppresses the cucumber mosaic virus. Strigolactones, isolated from host or non-host plants, promote seed germination of angiospermous parasites. Unidentified allelochemicals from Chenopodium album and Setaria viridis enhances the growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in broth culture. Seed inoculation with selected strains of Pseudomonas capacia and P. putida enhances the growth and yield of wheat under field conditions. Inoculation of soybean seeds with a strain of Bacillus cereus enhances the growth and nodulation of soybean by indigenous nodulating bacterium. Several soil microbes, with appropriate precursors, produce plant growth regulators that enhance the plant growth. Tomatoes grown in soil amended with L-ethionine at the appropriate concentration produce more and larger fruits than the untreated soil. Pearl millet inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and grown in solution culture amended with tryptophan produces more lateral roots with greater root hair density than the control. Microbial metabolites enhance the growth of several Rhizobiuim species and promote reproduction in certain fungi. These examples indicate that the allelochemicals from plants and microorganisms have potential to enhance the yield of agricultural products, while promoting sustainable agriculture. C1 Langston Univ, USDA ARS GRL, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Williams, RD (reprint author), Langston Univ, USDA ARS GRL, POB 1730,Agr Res & Extens, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM mmallik@luresext.edu; rdwms@luresext.edu NR 69 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 20 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 175 EP 198 PG 24 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 983PF UT WOS:000233243900001 ER PT J AU Peterson, JK Harrison, HF Snook, ME Jackson, DM AF Peterson, JK Harrison, HF Snook, ME Jackson, DM TI Chlorogenic acid content in sweetpotato germplasm: Possible role in disease and pest resistance SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; bioassays; chlorogenic acid; concentration response; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium solani; Ipomoea batatas; Lasiodiplodia theobromae; Panicum milliaceum; Plutella xylostella; Rhizopus stolonifer; sweetpotato ID L LAM ROOTS; IPOMOEA-BATATAS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CAFFEIC ACID; TISSUE; LIVER; DISCOLORATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; MITOCHONDRIA AB Fourteen sweetpotato clones representing wide genetic diversity were field grown under low stress conditions. Chlorogenic acid contents were determined in periderm and cortex tissues of these clones. On dry weight basis, chlorogenic acid content in the periderm tissues ranged from 33 to 214 mu g g(-1) dry tissue and in the cortex from 1416 to 4213 mu g g(-1) dry tissue (181 to 1384 mu g g(-1) on fresh weight basis). In vitro bioassays were done to assess the bioactivity of chlorogenic acid on seed germination of proso millet (Panicum milliaceum L.), growth of four sweetpotato pathogenic fungi and growth and survival of diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella). The highest levels of chlorogenic acid occurring in sweetpotato cortex tissue, exceeded the lowest concentrations that inhibited the growth and survival of diamondback moth larvae and the growth of three of four sweetpotato pathogenic fungi tested. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM hharrison@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 239 EP 249 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 983PF UT WOS:000233243900007 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Badaloo, A Reid, M Forrester, T AF Jahoor, F Badaloo, A Reid, M Forrester, T TI Protein kinetic differences between children with edematous and nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition in the fed and postabsorptive states SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE leucine kinetics; protein breakdown; edematous and nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition ID ENERGY MALNUTRITION; INFECTION; RISK AB Background: Pathogenic factors that cause a child to develop the edematous instead of the nonedematous form of severe childhood undernutrition (SCU) during food deprivation are not clear. It was hypothesized that, in edematous but not nonedematous SCU, impaired protein breakdown leading to inadequate amino acids for maintenance of important organ systems was a factor. Objective: We measured protein kinetics in children with edematous and nonedematous SCU. Design: Endogenous leucine flux, an index of whole-body protein breakdown rate, was determined in 4 groups of children with edematous or nonedematous SCU in the malnourished and recovered states. Two groups were studied in the postabsorptive state, and 2 groups were studied in the fed state. Results: In the postabsorptive state, leucine flux was slower (P < 0.01) in the edematous group than in the nonedematous group in the malnourished state, but in the recovered state, it was faster (P < 0.05) in the children who previously had edematous SCU. When compared with the malnourished state value, leucine flux at recovery doubled in the group that previously had edematous SCU, but it did not change in the other group. In the fed state, leucine flux was slower (P < 0.01) in the edematous group than in the nonedematous group in the malnourished state but not in the recovered state. In the recovered state, enteral leucine extraction by splanchnic tissues trended higher in the group that previously had edematous SCU than in the nonedematous group. Conclusion: These findings indicate different protein breakdown responses to food deprivation between children with edematous and nonedematous SCU and inherent differences in protein metabolism when they have recovered. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Res Inst Trop Med, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu OI Reid, Marvin/0000-0003-4005-9384 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 056689] NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 792 EP 800 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 973CN UT WOS:000232500600012 PM 16210708 ER PT J AU Tang, GW Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Grusak, MA AF Tang, GW Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Grusak, MA TI Spinach or carrots can supply significant amounts of vitamin A as assessed by feeding with intrinsically deuterated vegetables SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vegetables; stable isotope; hydroponics; spinach; carrots; mass spectrometry ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; LEAFY VEGETABLES; DARK-GREEN; RETINOL; HUMANS; ABSORPTION; PLASMA; CONSUMPTION AB Background: The vitamin A value of spinach and carrots needs to be measured directly. Objective: The objective was to determine the vitamin A value of intrinsically labeled dietary spinach and carrots in humans. Design: Spinach and carrots were intrinsically labeled by growing these plants in 25 atom% (H2O)-H-2 nutrient solution. Growth in this medium yielded a range of trans beta-carotene (t beta-carotene) isotoporners with a peak enrichment at molecular mass plus 10 mass units. Seven men with a mean (+/- SD) age of 59.0 +/- 6.3 y and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 25.7 +/- 1.5 consumed pureed spinach (300 g, 20.8 mu mol t beta-carotene equivalents) or carrots (100 g, 19.2 mu mol t beta-carotene equivalents) with a standardized liquid diet (no extra fiber) in random order 4 mo apart. Seven women with a mean ( SD) age of 55.5 +/- 6.3 y and a body mass index of 26.4 +/- 4.2 consumed pureed spinach only (300 g, 20.0 mu mol to-carotene equivalents). A reference dose of[(13)C8]retinyl acetate (8.9 mu mol) in oil was given to each subject 1 wk after each vegetable dose. Blood samples were collected over 35 d. Results: Areas under the curve for total labeled serum beta-carotene responses were 42.4 +/- 8.5 nmol (.) d per mu mol spinach beta-carotene and 119.8 +/- 23.0 nmol (.) d per mu mol carrot beta-carotene (P < 0.01). Compared with the [C-13(8)]retinyl acetate reference dose, spinach to-carotene conversion to retinol was 20.9 +/- 9.0 to 1 (range: 10.0-46.5 to 1) and carrot to-carotene conversion to retinol was 14.8 +/- 6.5 to 1 (range: 7.7-24.5 to 1) by weight. Conclusions: Spinach and carrots can provide a significant amount of vitamin A even though the amount is not as great as previously proposed. Food matrices greatly affect the bioavailability of plant carotenoids, their efficiency of conversion to vitamin A, or both. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu NR 39 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 821 EP 828 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 973CN UT WOS:000232500600016 PM 16210712 ER PT J AU Elias, MF Sullivan, LM D'Agostino, RB Elias, PK Jacques, PF Selhub, J Seshadri, S Au, R Beiser, A Wolf, PA AF Elias, MF Sullivan, LM D'Agostino, RB Elias, PK Jacques, PF Selhub, J Seshadri, S Au, R Beiser, A Wolf, PA TI Homocysteine and cognitive performance in the framingham offspring study: Age is important SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; cognition; folic acid; homocysteine; memory disorders; risk factors; vitamin B 6; vitamin B 12 ID SERUM TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; STROKE RISK PROFILE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ELDERLY PEOPLE; BRAIN ATROPHY; DEMENTIA; ROTTERDAM AB Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are associated with deficits in cognitive performance in persons free from dementia. The extent to which age modifies these associations is in need of further investigation in large, community-based, prospective studies combining the following elements: 1) multiple cognitive tests; 2) statistical adjustment for the role of the vitamin cofactors folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12; and 3) adjustment for the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Using data collected between 1991 and 2002, the authors investigated the associations between tHcy and multiple measures of cognitive performance in 2,096 dementia- and stroke-free participants of the Framingham Offspring Study, who were stratified into three age groups (40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-82 years), after findings of statistically significant tHcy-by-age interactions for multiple cognitive measures. Regardless of statistical adjustment for age, sex, gender, the vitamin cofactors, and cardiovascular risk factors, statistically significant inverse associations between tHcy and multiple cognitive domains were observed for individuals aged 60 or more years; no such associations were observed for participants aged less than 60 years. Early preventive interventions may be important, because the inverse association between tHcy and cognitive performance is observed beyond middle age. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, State & Consulting Unit, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Psychol, Orono, ME USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Elias, MF (reprint author), POB 40, Desert, ME 04660 USA. EM MFElias@aol.com OI Seshadri, Sudha/0000-0001-6135-2622; Au, Rhoda/0000-0001-7742-4491; Sullivan, Lisa/0000-0003-0726-7149; Beiser, Alexa/0000-0001-8551-7778 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038, N01-HC-25195, 5R01-HL67358]; NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG13846, 5R01-AG08122, 5R01-AG16495]; NINDS NIH HHS [5R01-NS17950] NR 53 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 7 BP 644 EP 653 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi259 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 967PE UT WOS:000232102900006 PM 16107567 ER PT J AU Kado, DM Karlamangla, AS Huang, MH Seeman, TE Selhub, J Troen, A AF Kado, DM Karlamangla, AS Huang, MH Seeman, TE Selhub, J Troen, A TI Fotate, mitochondria, ROS, and the aging brain - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kado, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 118 IS 10 BP 1174 EP 1175 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.03.032 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 972SA UT WOS:000232472300023 ER PT J AU Daniel, JA Elsasser, TH Martinez, A Steele, B Whitlock, BK Sartin, JL AF Daniel, JA Elsasser, TH Martinez, A Steele, B Whitlock, BK Sartin, JL TI Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediation of endotoxin action on growth hormone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE luteinizing hormone; cytokines; sheep; CD14; lipopolysaccharide ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; OVINE PITUITARY-CELLS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; NEUROENDOCRINE REGULATION; INDUCED SUPPRESSION; LH-SECRETION; SHEEP; PLASMA; SOMATOSTATIN; EXPRESSION AB In humans and sheep, endotoxin (LPS) administration results in increased growth hormone (GH) concentrations. To determine the role of cytokines in the effect of LPS on GH, sheep were challenged with IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha. GH data were compared with results with LH, where the major effects of LPS are known to act via the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha did not alter plasma concentrations of GH. Endotoxin was then administered intravenously (iv) in combination with icv injection of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), TNF antagonist (sTNF-R1), or saline. Administration of LPS increased GH ( P < 0.0001), although coadministration of IL-1ra or sTNF-R1 icv did not alter GH response to LPS. In contrast, plasma concentrations of LH were profoundly inhibited by icv administration of either cytokine ( P < 0.03), but the LH response to LPS was not altered by cytokine antagonists. Intravenous administration of either IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha increased plasma concentrations of GH ( P < 0.0001). Administration of IL-1RA and sTNF-R1 iv prevented LPS-induced increases in GH. Although LH was suppressed by high iv doses of IL-1 beta ( P = 0.0063), the antagonists did not alter the LH response to LPS. To determine whether LPS might directly activate GH release, confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of CD14, the LPS receptor, with GH and, to a lesser extent, LH and some prolactin (PRL)-containing cells, but not ACTH or TSH. These data are consistent with the effects of LPS on GH secretion originating through peripheral cytokine presentation to the pituitary, as well as a potential to act directly on selective populations of pituitary cells via CD14. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NCI, Cell & Canc Biol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sartin, JL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM sartijl@vetmed.auburn.edu RI Martinez, Alfredo/A-3077-2013; Whitlock, Brian/H-4198-2016 OI Martinez, Alfredo/0000-0003-4882-4044; Whitlock, Brian/0000-0001-7247-0982 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 289 IS 4 BP E650 EP E657 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00489.2004 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 962MV UT WOS:000231737800017 PM 15899940 ER PT J AU Durgan, DJ Hotze, MA Tomlin, TM Egbejimi, O Graveleau, C Abel, ED Shaw, CA Bray, MS Hardin, PE Young, ME AF Durgan, DJ Hotze, MA Tomlin, TM Egbejimi, O Graveleau, C Abel, ED Shaw, CA Bray, MS Hardin, PE Young, ME TI The intrinsic circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heart; metabolism; neurohumoral; rat; zeitgebers ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-RATE; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RHYTHMS; TRANSCRIPTION AB Circadian clocks are intracellular molecular mechanisms that allow the cell to anticipate the time of day. We have previously reported that the intact rat heart expresses the major components of the circadian clock, of which its rhythmic expression in vivo is consistent with the operation of a fully functional clock mechanism. The present study exposes oscillations of circadian clock genes [brain and arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (bmal1), reverse strand of the c-erba alpha gene (rev-erba alpha), period 2 (per2), albumin D-element binding protein (dbp)] for isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes in culture. Acute (2 h) and/or chronic (continuous) treatment of cardiomyocytes with FCS (50% and 2.5%, respectively) results in rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes with periodicities of 20-24 h. In contrast, cardiomyocytes cultured in the absence of serum exhibit dramatically dampened oscillations in bmal1 and dbp only. Zeitgebers (timekeepers) are factors that influence the timing of the circadian clock. Glucose, which has been previously shown to reactivate circadian clock gene oscillations in fibroblasts, has no effect on the expression of circadian clock genes in adult rat cardiomyocytes, either in the absence or presence of serum. Exposure of adult rat cardiomyocytes to the sympathetic neurotransmitter norephinephrine (10 mu M) for 2 h reinitiates rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes in a serum-independent manner. Oscillations in circadian clock genes were associated with 24-h oscillations in the metabolic genes pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (pdk4) and uncoupling protein 3 (ucp3). In conclusion, these data suggest that the circadian clock operates within the myocytes of the heart and that this molecular mechanism persists under standard cell culture conditions (i.e., 2.5% serum). Furthermore, our data suggest that norepinephrine, unlike glucose, influences the timing of the circadian clock within the heart and that the circadian clock may be a novel mechanism regulating myocardial metabolism. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Brown Fdn Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Utah, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biochem, Houston, TX USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Brown Fdn Inst Mol Med, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd,IBT 1011, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Martin.E.Young@uth.tmc.edu OI Shaw, Chad/0000-0001-7267-5398 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259-01] NR 46 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 289 IS 4 BP H1530 EP H1541 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00406.2005 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 964IW UT WOS:000231875300026 PM 15937094 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JJ Alt, DP Bolin, CA Zuerner, RL Andreasen, CB AF Greenlee, JJ Alt, DP Bolin, CA Zuerner, RL Andreasen, CB TI Experimental canine leptospirosis caused by Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and bratislava SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Veterinary-Pathologists CY DEC, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Coll Vet Pathologists ID ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE INFECTION; DOGS; DIFFERENTIATION; FEATURES; HARDJO AB Objective-To evaluate gross, histopathologic, and serum biochemical findings caused by Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and bratislava inoculated in dogs. Animals-Twenty-seven 8-week-old female Beagles. Procedure-Dogs were randomly assigned to challenge or control groups. Challenge groups were conjunctivally inoculated on 3 successive days with 5 X 10(7) L interrogans serovar pomona (n = 12) or serovar bratislava (11). Clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment, and clinical pathology assays, bacteriologic culture, and necropsies (6 or 7 dogs necropsied at each time point) were done on postinoculation day (PID) 7, 10, 14, and 20. Results-Infection could not be confirmed in any serovar bratislava-inoculated dog, and control dogs remained healthy throughout the experiment. Positive culture and fluorescent antibody test results were confirmed in 11 of 12 serovar pomona-inoculated dogs. Fever and lethargy starting at PID 7 were the most common clinical signs in serovar pomona-infected dogs. On day 10, gross lesions included multifocal renal and pulmonary hemorrhage and perirenal edema. Serovar pomona-inoculated dogs had histopathologic lesions including hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and pneumonia at PID 7, 10, 14, and 20. Increases in BUN, anion gap, and bilirubin concentration occurred on PID 10, 14, and 20. Platelet counts in dogs with positive results of bacteriologic culture were decreased from baseline values on PID 10, 12, and 14. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Conjunctival inoculation with L interrogans serovar pomona resulted in a high rate of infection with concomitant hemorrhagic and inflammatory lesions of the kidneys, liver, and lungs. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bact Dis Livestock Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Greenlee, JJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1816 EP 1822 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1816 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 971CD UT WOS:000232357800022 PM 16273916 ER PT J AU Wald, EJ Kronberg, SL Larson, GE Johnson, WC AF Wald, EJ Kronberg, SL Larson, GE Johnson, WC TI Dispersal of leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) seeds in the feces of wildlife SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PASSAGE RATE; SHEEP; RECOVERY; CATTLE; RUMINANTS; SURVIVAL; VIABILITY; HORSES; AGENTS; GOATS AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is an exotic, perennial, invasive weed in many areas of the northern United States and Canada. There are many instances in pastures and wildlands where individual or small clusters of leafy spurge plants are distant and upslope from larger patches, and wildlife have been suspected as seed dispersal agents. Wildlife can disperse seeds by ingestion then excretion of seeds in their feces. Fecal deposits of free-ranging deer (Odocoileus hemionus and O. virginianus; n = 176), sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus; n = 201) and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo; n = 206) were collected during a summer in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) in western North Dakota, and for deer only in Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge (MLNWR) in northeastern Montana. Feces were analyzed for the presence of leafy spurge seeds and any seeds found were tested for germinability and viability. Only one intact leafy spurge seed was found in one grouse fecal deposit and it was not viable. No leafy spurge seed was found in turkey feces. Two seeds that appeared to be immature leafy spurge seeds were found in one deer fecal deposit in TRNP, but neither seed was viable. One leafy spurge seed was found in each of four deer fecal deposits from MLNWR, but only one seed was viable and germinated. Seed-feeding trials with captive deer (n = 4), sharp-tailed grouse (n = 4) and wild turkeys (n = 4) were conducted to determine how leafy spurge seeds interact with the digestive systems of these animals. The only viable seeds defecated by grouse and turkeys were seeds excreted one day after ingestion. Two turkeys did not excrete any leafy spurge seeds and only a few viable seeds were defecated by the other two. One grouse defecated a larger number of viable seeds, but the other three grouse excreted only a few. Deer defecated viable seeds each of 4 d after ingesting them with most viable seed excreted on the first 2 d. These findings, along with those for the free-ranging animals, indicate that wild turkeys probably do not disperse leafy spurge seed while sharp-tailed grouse and deer may do so on a limited basis. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Wald, EJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ejwald@uwyo.edu NR 63 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 154 IS 2 BP 342 EP 357 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0342:DOLSEE]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975OD UT WOS:000232670900007 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Corn, PS Pilliod, DS AF Hossack, BR Corn, PS Pilliod, DS TI Lack of significant changes in the herpetofauna of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, since the 1920s SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HISTORICAL CHANGES; AMPHIBIANS; ASSEMBLAGE AB We surveyed 88 upland wetlands and 12 1-km river sections for amphibians in Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, during 2001-2002 to gather baseline data for future monitoring efforts and to evaluate changes in the distribution of species. We compared our results to collections of herpetofauna made during 1920-1922, 1954 and 1978-1979. The boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) was the most common amphibian in upland wetlands, followed by the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousii), northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), plains spadefoot (Spea bombifrons) and the Great Plains toad (B. cognatus). Bufo woodhousii was the only species that bred in the river. Our records for reptiles are less complete than for amphibians but no losses from the community are evident. The herpetofauna in Theodore Roosevelt National Park seems unchanged during at least the last half-century and likely since 1920-1922. C1 US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 154 IS 2 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0423:LOSCIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975OD UT WOS:000232670900013 ER PT J AU Petrek, J Vitecek, J Vlasinova, H Kizek, R Kramer, KJ Adam, V Klejdus, B Havel, L AF Petrek, J Vitecek, J Vlasinova, H Kizek, R Kramer, KJ Adam, V Klejdus, B Havel, L TI Application of computer imaging, stripping voltammetry and mass spectrometry to study the effect of lead (Pb-EDTA) on the growth and viability of early somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies/L./Karst.) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE early somatic embryo of spruce; computer image analysis; lead; glutathione; differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEAVY-METAL DETOXIFICATION; MAIZE PRODUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; DIPLOID PARTHENOGENESIS; OXIDIZED GLUTATHIONE; CELL VIABILITY; L.; PLANTS; SOIL AB Image analysis (IA) was used to determine the areas and circumferences of clusters of early somatic embryos (ESEs) of the Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./Karst.). Results obtained from IA were compared with the fresh weights of the ESE clusters and their esterase activities. The areas of the ESE clusters correlated well with both the increases in fresh weight (R-2=0.99) of the ESEs and their esterase activities (R-2 =0.99). In addition, we studied the viability of the ESEs, which was determined by (a) double staining with fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide (the resulting fluorescence was quantified by IA) and (b) determining esterase activity using a spectrofluorimetric detector. The results obtained with IA and esterase assay were comparable (the deviation between the tangents of the bisectors was 6.4%). IA was also used to study the effect of Pb-EDTA chelate (50, 250 and 500 mu M) on the viability of the ESEs and on the growth of clusters. The presence of Pb-EDTA markedly slowed the growth of ESEs clusters (by more than 65% with 250 mu M of Pb-EDTA after 288 h of cultivation) and decreased the viability of ESEs (by more than 30% with 500 M of Pb-EDTA after 288 h of cultivation). The lead concentration in the ESEs was determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and increased with the external lead concentration and the time of treatment from 100 to 600 pg Pb/100 mg of fresh weight of ESEs. Glutathione is a diagnostic marker of the influence of Pb-EDTA on ESEs and its content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The glutathione content changed linearly with treatment time and the applied external lead concentration. The highest glutathione content was obtained at 250 mu M of Pt-EDTA after 192 h of cultivation. C1 Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry, Dept Bot & Plant Physiol, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. RP Kizek, R (reprint author), Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry, Dept Chem & Biochem, Zemedelska 1, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. EM kizek@sci.muni.cz RI Havel, Ladislav/C-8954-2012; Klejdus, Borivoj/D-8490-2012; Kizek, Rene/D-7748-2012; Adam, Vojtech/D-7686-2012 OI Havel, Ladislav/0000-0003-3378-2785; Adam, Vojtech/0000-0002-8527-286X NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 383 IS 4 BP 576 EP 586 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-0028-3 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 986NV UT WOS:000233457900005 PM 16220262 ER PT J AU Schnabel, RD Sonstegard, TS Taylor, JF Ashwell, MS AF Schnabel, RD Sonstegard, TS Taylor, JF Ashwell, MS TI Whole-genome scan to detect QTL for milk production, conformation, fertility and functional traits in two US Holstein families SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE conformation; fertility; milk production; quantitative trait loci ID DAIRY-CATTLE; GENOTYPE PROBABILITIES; EFFICIENT COMPUTATION; COMPLEX PEDIGREES; DAUGHTER DESIGN; HEALTH TRAITS; LOCI; GROWTH; YIELD; IDENTIFICATION AB A genome scan was conducted in two US Holstein half-sib families to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk production and conformation traits using the granddaughter design. The sires of the two studied families were related as sire and son and had 96 and 212 sons respectively. A total of 221 microsatellite loci were scored in both families. Statistical analysis was performed using two different analytical methods; half-sib least squares regression and Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain. Traits analysed included five traditional milk production traits, somatic cell count, daughter pregnancy rate, male fertility and 20 conformation traits. A total of 47 tests achieved at least genome-wise significance. However, results from the two methods of analysis were only concordant for QTL location and level of significance in eight instances. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Schnabel, RD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, 162 ASRC,920 E Campus Dr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM schnabelr@missouri.edu OI Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641 NR 31 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 36 IS 5 BP 408 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01337.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 965KW UT WOS:000231950400007 PM 16167984 ER PT J AU Poole, TL Hume, AE Campbell, LD Scott, HM Alali, WQ Harvey, RB AF Poole, TL Hume, AE Campbell, LD Scott, HM Alali, WQ Harvey, RB TI Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from community wastewater from a semiclosed agri-food system in Texas SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; TN1546; PCR AB Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains (VRE) were isolated from human wastewater but not swine fecal waste from a semiclosed agri-food system in Texas. Forty-nine VRE isolates possessed vanA, and one possessed vanB. Twenty-one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types were identified and segregated into three groups. There was evidence of clonal dissemination among geographically separated sites. C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Poole, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM poole@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 49 IS 10 BP 4382 EP 4385 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.10.4382-4385.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 969OW UT WOS:000232244700058 PM 16189128 ER PT J AU Peter, G Dlauchy, D Tornai-Lehoczki, J Kurtzman, CP AF Peter, G Dlauchy, D Tornai-Lehoczki, J Kurtzman, CP TI Kuraishia Molischiana sp nov., the teleomorph of Candida molischiana SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kuraishia molischiana; new yeast species; taxonomy ID PARTIAL SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; HANSENULA; GENERA; YEASTS AB Thirty-two strains, many of them isolated from wood-associated habitats, and designated as Kuraishia (Pichia) capsulata and Candida molischiana according to their phenotype, exhibited two types of HaeIII restriction fragment patterns of their small subunit rDNA with the neighboring ITS. One fragment pattern corresponded to that of the type strain of K. capsulata, whereas the other pattern was unique to the typestrain of C. molischiana. Sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rDNA confirmed that the different HaeIII restriction fragment patterns of small subunit rDNA with the neighboring ITS reliably distinguished K. capsulata from C. molischiana. Ascospore formation was observed in several C. molischiana strains and K. molischiana (type strain: NCAIM Y.01725, CBS 9993) is proposed as the teleomorphic state of Candida molischiana. C1 Corvinus Univ Budapest, Fac Food Sci, Natl Collect Agr & Ind Microorganisms, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peter, G (reprint author), Corvinus Univ Budapest, Fac Food Sci, Natl Collect Agr & Ind Microorganisms, Somloi Ut 14-16, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. EM gabor.peter@uni-corvinus.hu RI Peter, Gabor/E-9228-2010 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s10482-005-7267-3 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984BK UT WOS:000233277300006 PM 16284930 ER PT J AU Torto, B Suazo, A Alborn, H Tumlinson, JH Teal, PEA AF Torto, B Suazo, A Alborn, H Tumlinson, JH Teal, PEA TI Response of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) to a blend of chemicals identified from honeybee (Apis mellifera) volatiles SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; volatile; alarm pheromone; wind tunnel ID MURRAY COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; COMPONENTS; PHEROMONE; PEST; BEES AB Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of Super Q collected worker honey bee volatiles revealed several components that elicited antennal responses by the small hive beetle Aethina tumida. However, GC-MS analysis showed that eight of these EAD-active components dominated the volatile profile released into a wind tunnel by living adult worker honeybees and rubber septa impregnated with a Super Q extract of the volatiles of the bees in a 15-min bioassay. These components were identified as isopentyl acetate, 2-heptanone, octanal, hexyl acetate, nonanal, 2-nonanone, methyl benzoate and decanal. In dual-choice wind tunnel bioassays, the Super Q extract and a blend of the eight components elicited dose-dependent upwind responses from beetles relative to a solvent control. At 375-bee day equivalents, the Super Q extract and the 8-component blend elicited 76 and 74% upwind response, respectively, which compared with 84% response from approx. 150-200 living worker honey bees. In contrast, the Super Q extract and the 8-component blend lured only approx. 12 and 3% of beetles, respectively, into a trap compared to 48% by the odor from living adult worker bees. C1 Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 15 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1051/apido:2005038 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 963VQ UT WOS:000231834700004 ER PT J AU Barak, JD Gorski, L Naraghi-Arani, P Charkowski, AO AF Barak, JD Gorski, L Naraghi-Arani, P Charkowski, AO TI Salmonella enterica virulence genes are required for bacterial attachment to plant tissue SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTERITIDIS BIOFILM FORMATION; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; AGGREGATIVE FIMBRIAE; ROOT COLONIZATION; ALFALFA SPROUTS; PILI FIMBRIAE; RPOS; TYPHIMURIUM; CELLULOSE AB Numerous Salmonella enterica food-borne illness outbreaks have been associated with contaminated vegetables, in particular sprouted seeds, and the incidence of reported contamination has steadily risen. In order to understand the physiology of S. enterica serovar Newport on plants, a screen was developed to identify transposon mutants that were defective in attachment to alfalfa sprouts. Twenty independent mutants from a pool of 6,000 were selected for reduced adherence to alfalfa sprouts. Sixty-five percentage of these mutants had insertions in uncharacterized genes. Among the characterized genes were strains with insertions in the intergenic region between agfB, the surface-exposed aggregative fimbria (curli) nucleator, and agfD, a transcriptional regulator of the LuxR superfamily, and rpoS, the stationary-phase sigma factor. Both AgfD and RpoS have been reported to regulate curli and cellulose production and RpoS regulates other adhesins such as pili. The intergenic and rpoS mutants were reduced in initial attachment to alfalfa sprouts by I log unit compared to the wild type. Mutations of agfA, curli subunit, and agfB in S. enterica serovar Enteritidis differentially affected attachment to plant tissue. The agfA mutation was not reduced in ability to attach to or colonize alfalfa sprouts, whereas the agfB mutation was reduced. Thus, agfB alone can play a role in attachment of S. enterica to plant tissue. These results reveal that S. enterica genes important for virulence in animal systems are also required for colonization of plants, a secondary host that can serve as a vector of S. enterica from animal to animal. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Russell Labs, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Barak, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jbarak@pw.usda.gov NR 41 TC 127 Z9 135 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 5685 EP 5691 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.5685-5691.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000003 PM 16204476 ER PT J AU Borucki, MK Gay, CC Reynolds, J McElwain, KL Kim, SH Call, DR Knowles, DP AF Borucki, MK Gay, CC Reynolds, J McElwain, KL Kim, SH Call, DR Knowles, DP TI Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains from a high-prevalence dairy farm SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENOME DNA MICROARRAY; EPIDEMIC STRAINS; RAW-MILK; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPE AB Listeria monocytogenes is a significant food-borne human and veterinary pathogen. Contaminated silage commonly leads to disease in livestock, but the pervasive nature of the bacterium can make it difficult to identify the source of infection. An investigation of bovine listeriosis that occurred on a Pacific Northwest dairy farm ("farm A") revealed that the clinical strain was closely related to fecal strains from asymptomatic cows, and that farm environment was heavily contaminated with a diversity of L. monocytogenes strains. In addition, the farm A clinical strain was closely related to clinical and environmental strains obtained 1 year prior from a second Northwest dairy farm ("farm 1311). To investigate the source(s) of contamination on farm A, environmental samples were collected from farm A at two time points. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis characterization of 538 isolates obtained from that farm identified 57 different AscI pulsovars. Fecal isolates obtained from individual cows were the most genetically diverse, with up to 94% of fecal samples containing more than one pulsovar. The maximum numbers of pulsovars and serotypes isolated from a fecal sample of one cow were 6 and 4, respectively. Serotype 1/2a was isolated most frequently at both time points. Microarray genotyping of bovine listeriosis, fecal, and silage strains from both farms identified four probes that differentiated listeriosis strains from environmental strains; however, no probe was common to both bovine listeriosis strains. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Field Dis Invest Unit, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Borucki, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 24 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 5893 EP 5899 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.5893-5899.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000029 PM 16204502 ER PT J AU Blackwood, CB Oaks, A Buyers, JS AF Blackwood, CB Oaks, A Buyers, JS TI Phylum- and class-specific PCR primers for general microbial community analysis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; IN-SITU DETECTION; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SPACER REGION; DIVERSITY; SOIL; RDNA; IDENTIFICATION; RHIZOSPHERE; PROBES AB Amplification of a particular DNA fragment from a mixture of organisms by PCR is a common first step in methods of examining microbial community structure. The use of group-specific primers in community DNA profiling applications can provide enhanced sensitivity and phylogenetic detail compared to domain-specific primers. Other uses for group-specific primers include quantitative PCR and library screening. The purpose of the present study was to develop several primer sets targeting commonly occurring and important groups. Primers specific for the 16S ribosomal sequences of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes and for parts of both the 18S ribosomal sequence and the internal transcribed spacer region of Basidiomycota were examined. Primers were tested by comparison to sequences in the ARB 2003 database, and chosen primers were further tested by cloning and sequencing from soil community DNA. Eighty-five to 100% of the sequences obtained from clone libraries were found to be placed with the groups intended as targets, demonstrating the specificity of the primers under field conditions. It will be important to reevaluate primers over time because of the continual growth of sequence databases and revision of microbial taxonomy. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blackwood, CB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cbwood@umich.edu RI Blackwood, Christopher/B-3839-2010 OI Blackwood, Christopher/0000-0001-5764-6978 NR 42 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 6193 EP 6198 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6193-6198.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000065 PM 16204538 ER PT J AU Mandrell, RE Harden, LA Bates, A Miller, WG Haddon, WF Fagerquist, CK AF Mandrell, RE Harden, LA Bates, A Miller, WG Haddon, WF Fagerquist, CK TI Speciation of Campylobacter coli, C-jejuni, C-helveticus, C-lari, C-sputorum, and C-upsaliensis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; INTACT MICROORGANISMS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WHOLE CELLS; AMINO-ACID; PCR ASSAY; DIFFERENTIATION AB Multiple strains of Campylobacler coli, C jejuni, C helveticus, C lari, C sputorum, and C upsaliensis isolated from animal, clinical, or food samples have been analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MAILDI-TOF MS). Whole bacterial cells were harvested from colonies or confluent growth on agar and transferred directly into solvent and then to a spot of dried 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (matrix). Multiple ions in the 5,000- to 15,000-Da mass range were evident in spectra for each strain; one or two ions in the 9,500- to 11,000-Da range were consistently high intensity. "Species-identifying" biomarker ions (SIBIs) were evident from analyses of multiple reference strains for each of the six species, including the genome strains C jejuni NCTC 11168 and C. jejuni RM1221. Strains grown on nine different combinations of media and atmospheres yielded SIBI masses within +/- 5 Da with external instrument calibration. The highest-intensity C. jejuni SIBIs were cytosolic proteins, including GroES, HU/HCj, and RpIL. Multiple intraspecies SIBIs, corresponding probably to nonsynonymous nucleotide polymorphisms, also provided some intraspecies strain differentiation. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of 75 additional Campylobacter strains isolated from humans, poultry, swine, dogs, and cats revealed (i) associations of SIBI type with source, (ii) strains previously speciated incorrectly, and (iii) "strains" composed of more than one species. MAILDI-TOF MS provides an accurate, sensitive, and rapid method for identification of multiple Campylobacter species relevant to public health and food safety. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mandrell, RE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mandrell@pw.usda.gov NR 73 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 6292 EP 6307 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6292-6307.2005 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000078 PM 16204551 ER PT J AU Meinersmann, RJ Phillips, RW Hiett, KL Fedorka-Cray, P AF Meinersmann, RJ Phillips, RW Hiett, KL Fedorka-Cray, P TI Differentiation of Campylobacter populations as demonstrated by flagellin short variable region sequences SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; BREEDER HENS; JEJUNI; RECOMBINATION; GASTROENTERITIS; TRANSMISSION; BACTERIA; POULTRY; GENES; LOCUS AB The DNA sequence of the flaA short variable region (SVR) was used to analyze a random population of Campylobacter isolates to investigate the weakly clonal population structure of members of the genus. The SVR sequence from 197 strains of Cjejuni and C coli isolated from humans, bovine, swine, and chickens identified a group of 43 strains containing disparate short variable region sequences compared to the rest of the population. This group contains both C jejuni and C coli strains but disproportionately consisted of bovine isolates. Relative synonymous codon usage analysis of the sequences identified two groups: one group typified C. jejuni, and the second group was characteristic for C. coli and the disparate alleles were not clustered. The data show that there is significant differentiation of Campylobacter populations according to the source of the isolate even without considering the disparate isolates. Even though there is significant differentiation of chicken and bovine isolates, the bovine isolates did not show any difference in ability to colonize chickens. It is possible that disparate sequences were obtained through the lateral transfer of DNA from Campylobacter species other than C. jejuni and C. coli. It is evident that recombination within the flaA SVR occurs rapidly. However, the rate of migration between populations appears to limit the distribution of sequences and results in a weakly clonal population structure. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rmeiners@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 6368 EP 6374 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6368-6374.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000086 PM 16204559 ER PT J AU Kuczynska, E Shelton, DR Pachepsky, Y AF Kuczynska, E Shelton, DR Pachepsky, Y TI Effect of bovine manure on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst attachment to soil SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY; GIARDIA; TRANSPORT; WATER; FILTRATION; MOVEMENT; SAMPLES; FECES AB The objective of this work was to assess the effect of dilute bovine manure (1.0% and 0.1%) versus that of no manure on attachment and subsequent detachment of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to soil. Manure enhanced the attachment of oocysts to soil particles; the maximum attachment was observed with 0.1% manure. Oocyst attachment was partially reversible; maximum detachment was observed with dilute manure. These results indicate that oocyst attachment to soil is substantially affected by bovine manure in a complex manner and should have implications for how oocysts may be transported through or over soils. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachin Farming Syst Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sheltond@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 6394 EP 6397 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6394-6397.2005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000092 PM 16204565 ER PT J AU Burritt, EA Mayland, HF Provenza, FD Miller, RL Burns, JC AF Burritt, EA Mayland, HF Provenza, FD Miller, RL Burns, JC TI Effect of added sugar on preference and intake by sheep of hay cut in the morning versus the afternoon SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; intake; preference; non-structural carbohydrates; sugars ID FOOD PREFERENCE; WHEAT-STRAW; LAMBS; RUMINANTS; SUNDOWN; SUNUP AB Ruminants prefer hay cut in the afternoon to hay cut in the morning, presumably because hay cut in the afternoon contains higher concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates than hay cut in the morning. We determined if adding sugars (glucose and sucrose) to ground hay would account for differences in preference and affect intake of hay. Alfalfa hay cut either in the afternoon (PM) or the following morning (AM) was used in the trials. Glucose and sucrose were added to AM hay (AMS) to make its sugar content similar to PM hay. During the first trial, lambs received a choice of either: (1) AM and PM hay; (2) AMS and PM hay; or (3) AMS and AM hay. Lambs preferred PM to AMS or AM hay. We also studied how increasing the concentration of added sugars affected preference for hay. Lambs received a choice of AM hay and AM hay with either 1, 2, 3, or 4% added sugar. On the first day of the trial, lambs ate similar amounts of each hay type, regardless of the amount of sugar added. By the end of the trial, lambs preferred hay with 2, 3, or 4% added sugar compared with AM hay without added sugar. During the intake trial, lambs ate similar amounts of AM, AM hay with added starch and sugar (AMSS), and PM hay. After the intake trial, a final preference trial determined that prolonged exposure to AMSS hay increased preference for AMSS hay compared with AM hay. Our results indicate that preference for PM hay is likely related to increased levels of sugars, such as glucose and sucrose, and that lambs team about the post-ingestive benefits of exogenous sugars added to hay. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Utah State Univ, Agr Syst & Technol & Educ Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Crop & Anim Sci Dept, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burritt, EA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM bethb@cc.usu.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 94 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2005.03.001 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 976WO UT WOS:000232764400006 ER PT J AU Hu, XJ Roberts, DP Jiang, ML Zhang, YB AF Hu, XJ Roberts, DP Jiang, ML Zhang, YB TI Decreased incidence of disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and improved plant vigor of oilseed rape with Bacillus subtilis Tu-100 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONIOTHYRIUM-MINITANS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BRASSICA-NAPUS; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; GENES; PEAS; SEED; SOIL; ROT AB Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes serious yield losses in oilseed crops worldwide. Bacillus subtilis Tu-100 significantly reduced (P <= 0.05) the incidence of disease caused by S. sclerotiorum on oilseed rape at harvest in two trials conducted in fields artificially infested with this pathogen. Mean plant dry weight was significantly greater (P <= 0.05) and mean plant length was significantly greater (P <= 0.07) at the seven-true-leaf stage with the Tu-100 treatment than with the control. Mean seed yield per 120 plants at harvest was significantly greater (P <= 0.05) in the second field trial with treatments containing isolate Tu-100. B. subtilis Tu-100 also promoted the growth of hydroponically grown oilseed rape. Plants were approximately 15% greater in dry weight (P <= 0.0001) and 6% greater in length (P <= 0.0025) when grown in the presence of isolate Tu-100 in Hoagland's solution, compared with the noninoculated control. In gnotobiotic studies, the lacZ-tagged strain B. subtilis Tu-100(pUC18) was detected within all roots of oilseed rape. Isolate Tu-100 did not persist in the ectorhizosphere of oilseed rape. Populations of this isolate decreased from 8.5x10(8) colony-forming units (CFU) per seed to approximately 10(2) CFU in the plant ectorhizosphere within 30 days of sowing in autoclaved soil. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Genet Improvment Oil Crops, Oil Crops Res Inst, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robertsd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 68 IS 6 BP 802 EP 807 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-1938-x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 978EP UT WOS:000232856700013 PM 15744488 ER PT J AU Gaylord, TG Rawles, SD Davis, KB AF Gaylord, TG Rawles, SD Davis, KB TI Dietary tryptophan requirement of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M-saxatilis) SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acid; hybrid striped bass; insulin-like growth factor-1; requirement; saturation kinetics model; tryptophan ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE SUNSHINE BASS; SOMATOTROPIC AXIS RESPONSIVENESS; NUTRIENT-RESPONSE CURVES; AMINO-ACID REQUIREMENT; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; SEMIPURIFIED DIET; NUTRITIONAL-REQUIREMENTS AB Requirements for six of the 10 indispensable amino acids (IAA) have not been quantified for hybrid striped bass. In this study, we estimate the requirement for L-tryptophan by nonlinear regression analysis of several growth indicators. Fifteen isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, 3.4, 3.7, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 10.0 or 14 g L-tryptophan kg(-1) diet and fed to reciprocal cross hybrid striped bass for 7 weeks. After 5 weeks, survival of fish receiving the basal diet was 40% while surviving fish fed this diet were in poor health. Survival of fish receiving 1.3 g Trp kg(-1) diet declined to 70% by termination of the trial. Survival in other treatments was 100%. Fish weight gain was 100% or greater for fish receiving 1.6 g Trp kg(-1) diet or more. Hepatosomatic index, muscle ratio and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio also responded to dietary tryptophan concentration. IPF was inversely related to dietary tryptophan concentration. The dietary tryptophan requirement was estimated to be between 2.1 and 2.5 g kg(-1) diet (6-7 g kg(-1) protein), depending on response variable, using four- and five-parameter saturation kinetics models. These findings will increase the precision of diets formulated for hybrid striped bass. C1 ARS, USDA, HKD SNARC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, HKD SNARC, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM srawles@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2005.00360.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 969AQ UT WOS:000232206200008 ER PT J AU Schuman, GE Vicklund, LE Belden, SE AF Schuman, GE Vicklund, LE Belden, SE TI Establishing Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis on mined lands: Science and economics SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis; direct seeding; economics; coal mine reclamation ID BIG SAGEBRUSH SEEDLINGS; GERMINATION; RATES; GRASS AB In 1977, the USA Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act mandated that reclaimed plant communities must be as productive or more productive than the premined plant community and must possess diversity representative of the premine community and serve the same land uses. In much of the Northern Great Plains this meant that reclaimed mined lands must support postmined land uses for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. In 1996, the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality enacted regulations governing the reestablishment of woody shrubs on mined lands. The regulation required that an average density of one shrub m(-2) be reestablished on at least 20% of the disturbed land area and that the shrub composition must include dominant premine species. In Wyoming, and much of the Northern Great Plains, that meant that Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle and Young) (Wyoming big sagebrush) had to be reestablished on mined lands. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis had proven difficult to reestablish on mined lands because of poor quality seed, seed dormancy and a poor understanding of the seedbed ecology of this species. Research in the last two decades has produced significant knowledge in the area of direct-seed establishment of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis on mined lands. Our research has shown that reducing grass seeding rates will reduce competition and result in larger sagebrush plants that are more likely to survive and provide greater structural diversity to the plant community. Economic analyses demonstrated that big sagebrush can be established at a cost of $0.01-0.05 per seedling using direct seeding methods compared to transplanting nursery grown seedlings, estimated to cost $0.72-$1.65 per seedling (depending on size) to grow and from $1.30-$2.40 to plant (flat land to 2:1 slopes). An adequate level of precipitation will be necessary to ensure successful establishment of this species no matter what method of propagation is selected and direct seeding gives greater opportunity for success because of the demonstrated longevity of the seed to germinate 3-5 years after the initial seeding. C1 ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Fdn Coal W, Belle Ayr Mine, Gillette, WY USA. Powder River Coal Co, Gillette, WY USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, USDA, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM jerry.schuman@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1080/15324980500299748 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 982JG UT WOS:000233153400005 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF Collins, D Cupples, LA Demissie, S Horvath, KV Bloomfield, HE Robins, SJ Schaefer, EJ AF Asztalos, BF Collins, D Cupples, LA Demissie, S Horvath, KV Bloomfield, HE Robins, SJ Schaefer, EJ TI Value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations in predicting recurrent cardiovascular events in the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HDL subpopulations; apoA-I; HDL-C; CVD risk ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; ARTERY DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PHYSIOLOGICAL-ROLE; RISK; PARTICLES; MEN; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Objective - To test the hypothesis whether determination of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations provides more power to predict recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, and stroke) than traditional risk factors in the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT). Methods and Results - Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) - containing HDL subpopulations were quantitatively determined by nondenaturing 2D gel electrophoresis. Hazard ratios of recurrent CVD events were calculated by comparing VA-HIT subjects with ( n = 398) and without ( n = 1097) such events. Subjects with new CVD events had significantly lower HDL-C, apoA-I, and large cholesterol-rich HDL particle (alpha-1, alpha-2, pre-alpha-1, and pre-alpha-2) levels, significantly higher triglyceride, and small poorly lipidated HDL particle (pre-beta-1 and alpha-3) levels than subjects without such events. Multivariate analyses indicated that alpha-1 and alpha-2 particle levels were significant negative risk factors, whereas alpha-3 level was a significant positive risk factor for new CVD events. Pre-beta-1 level was a significant risk factor for new CVD events only in univariate analysis. A forward selection model indicated that alpha-1 was the most significant risk factor for recurrent CVD events among HDL particles. Conclusions - An altered HDL subpopulation profile marked with low alpha-1 and alpha-2 levels and a high alpha-3 level in coronary heart disease patients indicated an elevated risk for new CVD events. Moreover, alpha-1 and alpha-2 levels were superior to HDL-C levels in risk assessment in patients with low HDL-C in VA-HIT. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, West Haven, CT USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, CtrChron Dis Outcomes Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bela.asztalos@tufts.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; bloomfield, hanna/0000-0002-0756-7064 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-64738, R01 HL064738] NR 32 TC 178 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2185 EP 2191 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000183727.90611.4f PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 969JX UT WOS:000232231500026 PM 16123324 ER PT J AU Dulla, G Marco, M Quinones, B Lindow, S AF Dulla, G Marco, M Quinones, B Lindow, S TI A Closer Look at Pseudomonas syringae as a Leaf Colonist - The pathogen P-syringae thrives on healthy plants by employing quorum sensing, virulence factors, and other traits SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article ID PHYLLOSPHERE; EPIPHYTE; BACTERIA AB Bacteria, yeast and fungi colonize the aboveground parts of plants, on the plant surface or within the plant itself. This habitat is known as the phyllosphere and its inhabitants are known as epiphytes. Pseudomonas syringae, a pathogenic bacterium is a leaf colonist that thrives on healthy plants by employing quorum sensing, virulence factors, and other traits. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wageningen Ctr Food Sci, Ede, Netherlands. NIZO Food Res, Ede, Netherlands. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dulla, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 469 EP + PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 004FI UT WOS:000234737000013 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Stone, HD Moore, RW Gast, RK AF Holt, PS Stone, HD Moore, RW Gast, RK TI Development of a lavage procedure to collect lung secretions from chickens for evaluating respiratory humoral immunity SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; LAYING HENS; INFECTION; SYSTEM AB Mucosal immunology research has been hampered by the difficulty and labour-intensiveness of collecting samples. This is especially true for sites such as the lung, and the present paper describes a simple method for obtaining samples from this organ in chickens. Following sacrifice,. the bird was placed on its back and the trachea was cut and exteriorized. Narrow-diameter tubing, to which a 30 ml syringe was attached, was threaded down the trachea to the bronchi and air was evacuated from the lung. Warm buffer was administered and the lung sample then aspirated, processed and frozen. In the current experiment this sampling system was tested on hens that were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Elevated anti-Salmonella Enteritidis antibody levels in lung from infected hens were observed in significantly more infected hens than non-infected control hens in two trials. The simplicity and utility of this sampling system will make it a useful tool for those laboratories wishing to expand their humoral mucosal immunology capabilities, even for study of non-respiratory pathogens. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pholt@seprl.usda.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 396 EP 398 DI 10.1080/03079450500268476 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 974MY UT WOS:000232597300005 PM 16236571 ER PT J AU Lewis, LC Gunnarson, RD Robbins, JC AF Lewis, LC Gunnarson, RD Robbins, JC TI Trichogramma brassicae and SLAM (R), an integrated approach to managing European corn borer and corn rootworms SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; European corn borer; northern corn rootworm; Ostrinia nubilalis; SLAM (R); Trichogramma brassicae; western corn rootworm ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; WESTERN; COLEOPTERA; IOWA; EGG AB European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) ( Lepidoptera: Crambidae); western corn rootworm (WCRW), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte; and northern corn rootworm (NCRW), Diabrotica barberi ( Smith & Lawrence) ( Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are important pests of corn, Zea mays L., that occur simultaneously in the US Corn Belt. Areawide management strategies for northern and western corn rootworm in Iowa, Kansas, South Dakota, Illinois, and Indiana, and for the Mexican strain in Texas, use SLAM(R), which contains cucurbitacin, a feeding stimulant, and a small amount of the insecticide carbaryl. This management strategy is environmentally sound because it introduces a substantially lesser amount of chemical insecticide into the environment than prophylactic soil insecticide applications for WCRW management. To develop a management program for both corn pests, the compatibility of SLAM(R) to control CRW, along with a biological agent to manage European corn borer, was investigated. Laboratory studies were conducted using the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) ( Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). In experiments in which SLAM(R) and T. brassicae were evaluated as components of a management system, SLAM(R) did not affect parasitism or parasitoid emergence rates. Trichogramma brassicae displayed vigorous biotic fitness, emergence rates, sex ratios, and fecundity over the duration of the study. Data collected under these laboratory conditions indicated that SLAM(R) had no adverse effect on the quality of T. brassicae, indicated by its ability to reproduce in the filial generation. C1 ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lewis, LC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM leslewis@iastate.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2005 VL 50 IS 5 BP 729 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-5529-z PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 956PR UT WOS:000231312800004 ER PT J AU Ahn, B Paulitz, T Jabaji-Hare, S Watson, A AF Ahn, B Paulitz, T Jabaji-Hare, S Watson, A TI Enzyme responses of Abutilon theophrasti in an enhanced biocontrol system SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Abutilon theophrasti; bentazon; biocontrol efficacy; biological weed control; Colletotrichum coccodes; enhancement; glyphosate; Malvaceae; peroxidase; phenylalanine ammonia lyase; velvetleaf ID AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY; GLYCINE-MAX SEEDLINGS; COLLETOTRICHUM-COCCODES; CUCUMBER ROOTS; CELL-WALL; VELVETLEAF; RESISTANCE; THIDIAZURON; INHIBITION; GLYPHOSATE AB Weak virulence has limited the development of Colletorichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes (DAOM 183088) as a bioherbicide for Abutilon theophrasti Medik. (velvetleaf) control. This study examines the role of chemical synergy to suppress host defense mechanisms. Dry weight of A. theophrasti was reduced by treatment with C. coccodes in a tank-mix with 0.25 kg a. i. ha(-1) bentazon more than by the treatment with C. coccodes or bentazon alone, while the effect of a sub-lethal rate of glyphosate was not significant. C. coccodes did not affect phenylalanine ammonia lyase ( PAL) activity in infected leaves of A. theophrasti, whereas PAL activity was significantly inhibited by the presence of bentazon 5 days after treatment. The inhibition was stronger when bentazon was applied alone than when bentazon was applied with C. coccodes. Treatment with glyphosate or a mixture of glyphosate and C. coccodes did not affect PAL activity. Peroxidase activity was strongly induced by C. coccodes treatment and increased over time. Peroxidase activity was not induced by 0.25 kg a. i. ha) 1 bentazon alone. However, when bentazon was applied in combination with C. coccodes, it prevented the activation of peroxidase by C. coccodes infection. Treatment with 0.2 kg a. i. ha(-1) glyphosate did not affect peroxidase activity. These results suggest that these enzymes are involved in the resistance mechanism of A. theophrasti, and the synergistic effect of bentazon on C. coccodes efficacy as a bioherbicide may result from suppressing the activation of these defense-related enzymes. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Watson, A (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM alan.watson@mcgill.ca RI Jabaji, Suha/D-2479-2016; OI Jabaji, Suha/0000-0002-7232-9994; Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2005 VL 50 IS 5 BP 803 EP 817 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-6123-0 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 956PR UT WOS:000231312800010 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Mayer, B Mitchell, MJ Michel, RL Bailey, SW Kendall, C AF Shanley, JB Mayer, B Mitchell, MJ Michel, RL Bailey, SW Kendall, C TI Tracing sources of streamwater sulfate during snowmelt using S and O isotope ratios of sulfate and S-35 activity SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isotopic tracers; oxygen-18; sulfate; sulfur-34; sulfur-35; Vermont; Sleepers River ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; STABLE SULFUR ISOTOPES; NEW-YORK-STATE; HUBBARD-BROOK; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; SURFACE WATERS; NEW-ENGLAND; RUNOFF AB The biogeochemical cycling of sulfur (S) was studied during the 2000 snowmelt at Sleepers River Research Watershed in northeastern Vermont, USA using a hydrochemical and multi-isotope approach. The snowpack and 10 streams of varying size and land use were sampled for analysis of anions, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), S-35 activity, and delta(34)S and delta(18)O values of sulfate. At one of the streams, delta(18)O values of water also were measured. Apportionment of sulfur derived from atmospheric and mineral sources based on their distinct delta(34)S values was possible for 7 of the 10 streams. Although mineral S generally dominated, atmospheric-derived S contributions exceeded 50% in several of the streams at peak snowmelt and averaged 41% overall. However, most of this atmospheric sulfur was not from the melting snowpack; the direct contribution of atmospheric sulfate to streamwater sulfate was constrained by S-35 mass balance to a maximum of 7%. Rather, the main source of atmospheric sulfur in streamwater was atmospheric sulfate deposited months to years earlier that had microbially cycled through the soil organic sulfur pool. This atmospheric/pedospheric sulfate (pedogenic sulfate formed from atmospheric sulfate) source is revealed by delta(18)O values of streamwater sulfate that remained constant and significantly lower than those of atmospheric sulfate throughout the melt period, as well as streamwater S-35 ages of hundreds of days. Our results indicate that the response of streamwater sulfate to changes in atmospheric deposition will be mediated by sulfate retention in the soil. C1 US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 59 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 161 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-2856-9 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 983OP UT WOS:000233242300008 ER PT J AU Smith, WP Zollner, PA AF Smith, WP Zollner, PA TI Sustainable management of wildlife habitat and risk of extinction SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE biological diversity; conservation assessments; effects analyses; habitat management; land-use planning; population viability; risk to extinction; sensitive species; sustainable use ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SPECIES MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; SCIENCE; UNCERTAINTY; ACCURACY; BIOLOGY; SCALE AB Whether land management planning provides for sufficient habitat to sustain viable populations of indigenous wildlife is one of the greatest challenges confronting resource managers. Analyses of the effects of land management on natural resources often rely on qualitative assessments that focus on single species to reflect the risk of wildlife extinction across a planning area. We propose a conceptual framework for sustainable management of wildlife habitat that explicitly acknowledges the greater risk of an extinction event when considering the viability of multiple species, e.g., an indigenous vertebrate fauna. This concept is based on the principle that the likelihood of at least one event (i.e., species extinction) is the joint probability of the extinction probabilities of individual species, assuming independence among species' responses to disturbance. We present an ecological rationale to support the view that, at a spatial scale of 10(4)-10(6) ha (i.e., planning area) and a temporal scale of 102 years (i.e., planning horizon), wildlife species operating at varying ecological scales respond relatively independently to disturbances typically associated with land management. We use a hypothetical scenario of a wildlife viability assessment and Monte Carlo simulation to demonstrate that the probability of 'any extinction' is consistently higher than the probability of the 'single most likely' extinction, and that the difference between these values increases as more disturbance-sensitive species (i.e., species at risk) are analyzed. We conclude that risk assessments that rely upon the most sensitive single species may substantially underestimate the risk of wildlife extinction across a planning area. Furthermore, the selection of a planning alternative based on relative threat of local extinction of wildlife populations can vary depending on which paradigm is used to estimate risk to viability across the planning area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM winstonsmith@fs.fed.us RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010 OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029 NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 125 IS 3 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.021 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943MK UT WOS:000230357900002 ER PT J AU Gaines, WL Lyons, AL Lehmkuhl, JF Raedeke, KJ AF Gaines, WL Lyons, AL Lehmkuhl, JF Raedeke, KJ TI Landscape evaluation of female black bear habitat effectiveness and capability in the North Cascades, Washington SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE black bear; habitat effectiveness; habitat capability; North Cascades ID POPULATION VIABILITY; GRIZZLY BEARS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; PREDICTION; MOVEMENTS; SELECTION; MONTANA; CANADA AB We used logistic regression to derive scaled resource selection functions (RSFs) for female black bears at two study areas in the North Cascades Mountains. We tested the hypothesis that the influence of roads would result in potential habitat effectiveness (RSFs without the influence of roads) being greater than realized habitat effectiveness (RSFs with roads). Roads consistently had a negative influence on black bear RSFs across seasons and study areas. Roads reduced habitat effectiveness during all seasons at both study areas and changes in the potential habitat values ranged from 1.7% to 16.9%. The greatest reduction in habitat values occurred during the early-season on the west-side study area due to high open road densities. These results support the hypothesis that roads reduce habitat effectiveness for black bears. The influence of roads could be reduced through road closures to reduce open road densities and limit traffic volumes. We then used the scaled RSFs in a habitat-based population model to assess the influences of timber harvest and roads on potential black bear population sizes. On the west-side study area the potential black bear population size was most influenced by moderate use roads and timber harvest during the early-season (41% reduction). On the east-side study area, low use roads had the greatest effect on potential black bear population during the early-season (10% reduction). During the late-season, in both study areas, roads had less influence on the potential population sizes as bears were able to access habitats away from roads. The habitat-population model provided reasonable estimates of bear densities compared to other study areas with similar habitats and could be extrapolated to estimate potential black bear populations in other areas with similar habitats. This approach may provide a useful link between the landscape ecology and population biology of black bears, and could eventually be useful in the development of habitat-based population viability analyses. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Washington, Wildlife Sci Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gaines, WL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM wgaines@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 125 IS 4 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.023 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944RQ UT WOS:000230447100002 ER PT J AU Miglia, KJ McArthur, ED Moore, WS Wang, H Graham, JH Freeman, DC AF Miglia, KJ McArthur, ED Moore, WS Wang, H Graham, JH Freeman, DC TI Nine-year reciprocal transplant experiment in the gardens of the basin and mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata: Asteraceae) hybrid zone of Salt Creek Canyon: the importance of multiple-year tracking of fitness SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bounded Hybrid Superiority model; Dynamic Equilibrium model; endogenous selection; Environmental Gradient model; exogenous selection; genotype-by-environment interaction; intrinsic rate of increase; stable hybrid zone ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; GENE FLOW; PLANT; GENOTYPE; DENSITY; POPULATION; SPECIATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERN AB We have studied reciprocal transplant gardens involving the hybrid zone between basin and mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in Salt Creek Canyon, Utah, for 9 years. Previously, we showed that the parental taxa and hybrids had superior reproductive and vegetative performance in their native garden. These earlier data supported the Bounded Hybrid Superiority model. Now, after 9 years, we find that the mountain seed source plants have greater relative fitness than middle hybrid zone seed source plants in the middle hybrid zone garden. These results may be due to plant density and climatic factors more conducive to mountain seed source growth than that of either basin or middle hybrid zone seed source plants. On the other hand, these fitness estimates do not take into account the timing of reproduction, which together with the age-specific survival rate, can profoundly affect lifetime fitness. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) takes both of these factors into account, providing another estimate of fitness. Middle hybrid zone seed source plants had the greatest rate of increase in both the middle hybrid zone and mountain gardens and a greater rate of increase than either parent in the basin garden. This is most likely due to the greater reproductive performance of middle hybrid zone plants earlier in life than either parental taxon. These results partly support the Bounded Hybrid Superiority model and show the importance of long-term studies of hybrid fitness. (c) 2005 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. 490446 Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. RP Miglia, KJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM kmiglia@sun.science.wayne.edu RI Wang, Han/A-9774-2008 OI Wang, Han/0000-0003-2420-3147 NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00534.x PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 974JD UT WOS:000232586700006 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Fishman, ML Hicks, KB Kende, M AF Liu, LS Fishman, ML Hicks, KB Kende, M TI Interaction of various pectin formulations with porcine colonic tissues SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE pectin; mucin; drug delivery; bioadhesiveness ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMERIC MICROSPHERES; DRUG-DELIVERY; MUCIN; MUCUS; CHALLENGE; COMPLEX AB Pectins of low and high degrees of esterification, as well as pectin derivatives carrying primary amines, were investigate for gel forming ability with mucosal tissues. The combination of scanning electronic microscopy and small deformation dynamic mechanical studies revealed that pectins with higher net electrical charges are more bioadhesive than the less charged ones. Both the negatively charged pectin formulation, P-25, and the positively charged formulation, P-N, were able to synergize with the mucus to produce rheologically strengthened gels. The highly esterified pectin, P-94, also synergized with the mucosal glycoproteins to form a gel structure via coil entanglements. The ex vivo studies further confirmed the microstructures of mucus gel networks with adsorbed pectins. When incubated with porcine intestinal mucus membrane, P-94 gels were found generally bound to the lumen area, P-25 gels were able to penetrate deeply near the wall area, P-N gels interacted with mucins via electrostatic bonding and dispersed into the whole area from the lumen to the wall. Hence, both P-N and P-94, by enhancing the protective barrier properties of mucus systems, may be useful alternatives for the treatment of mucus related irritation and infection. In drug-delivery systems, P-N and P-25 would deliver incorporated drugs mainly by pectin dissolution, while a diffusion mechanism would release drugs from P-94 gels. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lsliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD OCT PY 2005 VL 26 IS 29 BP 5907 EP 5916 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 940FI UT WOS:000230128700018 PM 15949556 ER PT J AU Pimentel, D Hepperly, P Hanson, J Douds, D Seidel, R AF Pimentel, D Hepperly, P Hanson, J Douds, D Seidel, R TI Response from pimentel and colleagues SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rodale Inst, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pimentel, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 55 IS 10 BP 820 EP 821 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 973HV UT WOS:000232514400003 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Millett, BV Gilmanov, T Voldseth, RA Guntenspergen, GR Naugle, DE AF Johnson, WC Millett, BV Gilmanov, T Voldseth, RA Guntenspergen, GR Naugle, DE TI Vulnerability of northern prairie wetlands to climate change SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prairie wetlands; climate change; potholes; waterfowl; wetland restoration ID UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; DROUGHT; PERSPECTIVE; DYNAMICS; DUCKS AB The prairie pothole region (PPR) lies in the heart of North America and contains millions of glacially formed, depressional wetlands embedded in a landscape matrix of natural grassland and agriculture. These wetlands provide valuable ecosystem services and produce 50% to 80% of the continent's ducks. We explored the broad spatial and temporal patterns across the PPR between climate and wetland water levels and vegetation by applying a wetland simulation model (WETSIM) to 18 stations with 95-year weather records. Simulations suggest that the most productive habitat for breeding waterfowl would shift under a drier climate from the center of the PPR (the Dakotas and southeastern Saskatchewan) to the wetter eastern and northern fringes, areas currently less productive or where most wetlands have been drained. Unless these wetlands are protected and restored, there is little insurance for waterfowl against future climate warming. WETSIM can assist wetland managers in allocating restoration dollars in an uncertain climate future. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55774 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 26 TC 154 Z9 163 U1 13 U2 102 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 55 IS 10 BP 863 EP 872 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0863:VONPWT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 973HV UT WOS:000232514400012 ER PT J AU Upchurch, RG Rose, MS Eweida, M Zuo, WN AF Upchurch, RG Rose, MS Eweida, M Zuo, WN TI Expression of the cercosporin transporter, CFP, in tobacco reduces frog-eye lesion size SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cercosporin; frog-eye leaf spot; major facilitator; plant genetic engineering; toxin efflux ID RESISTANCE; KIKUCHII; TOXIN; GENE; PROTEIN; GROWTH; PLANTS AB The cercosporin Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporter, CFP, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter, was introduced into the Xanthi cultivar of tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. CFP+ transgenic plants were physically indistinguishable from non-transgenic Xanthi and progressed normally through growth to seed set. Accumulation of CFP in the leaf membrane fraction of CFP+ transgenic plants was associated with decreased cercosporin phytotoxicity. Frog-eye leaf lesions on CFP+ supercript stoptransgenic plants infected with Cercospora nicotianae conidia were smaller but were similar in number to those on non-transgenic plants. We conclude that transgenic expression of CFP may have relevance for a disease control strategy in Cercospora-plant pathosystems where cercosporin is implicated in pathogen virulence. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Syngenta Biotechnol Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Princess Margaret Hosp, Ontario Canc Inst, Div Cellular & Mol Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. TechWorld Int Inc, W Chester, OH 45069 USA. RP Upchurch, RG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_upchurch@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 27 IS 20 BP 1543 EP 1550 DI 10.1007/s10529-005-1780-3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 977JK UT WOS:000232799300002 PM 16245172 ER PT J AU Knaus, BJ Cronn, RC Liston, A AF Knaus, BJ Cronn, RC Liston, A TI Genetic characterization of three varieties of Astragalus lentiginosus (Fabaceae) SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Rupert C Barneby and his Legume Legacy CY AUG, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE AFLP; amplified fragment length polymorphism; Astragalus lentiginosus; genetic differentiation; infraspecific taxa ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT; AFLP; PHYLOGENY; MARKERS; PLANTS AB Astragalus lentiginosus is a polymorphic species that occurs in geologically young habitats and whose varietal circumscription implies active morphological and genetic differentiation. In this preliminary study, we evaluate the potential of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to resolve infraspecific taxa in three varieties of Astragalus lentiginosus. Distance-based principle coordinate and neighbor-joining analyses result in clustering of individuals that is congruent with population origin and varietal circumscription. Analysis of molecular variance of two Oregon varieties demonstrates that varietal categories account for 11% of the total variance; in contrast, geographic proximity does not contribute to the total variance. AFLPs demonstrate an ability to discriminate varieties of A. lentiginosus despite a potentially confounding geographic pattern, and may prove effective at inferring relationships throughout the group. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Knaus, BJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM knausb@science.oregonstate.edu; rcronn@fs.fed.us; listona@science.oregonstate.edu OI Knaus, Brian/0000-0003-1665-4343 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 57 IS 4 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1663/0007-196X(2005)057[0334:GCOTVO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 004SC UT WOS:000234771500005 ER PT J AU Cerdeira, AL Dornelas-DeSouza, M Bolonhezi, D Queiroz, SCN Ferracini, VL Ligo, MAV Pessoa, MCPY Smith, S AF Cerdeira, AL Dornelas-DeSouza, M Bolonhezi, D Queiroz, SCN Ferracini, VL Ligo, MAV Pessoa, MCPY Smith, S TI Effects of sugar cane mechanical harvesting followed by no-tillage crop systems on leaching of triazine herbicides in Brazil SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE; SIMAZINE; CORN C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Brazilian Minist AGr, Div Res, BR-13820000 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. APTA Ctr Leste, Agron Inst Campinas, BR-14001970 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. RP Smith, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, PO 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RI Pessoa, Maria Conceicao/C-4322-2014; Queiroz, Sonia/G-9714-2012 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 75 IS 4 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1007/s00128-005-0822-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 981VY UT WOS:000233117300026 PM 16400564 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL AF Robertson, NL TI A newly described plant disease complex involving two distinct viruses in a native Alaskan lily, Streptopus amplexifolius SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE carlavirus; multiple viral infections; Flexiviridae; Potyviridae; Streptopus amplexifolius ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; MOTTLE VIRUS; RNA; FAMILY; REPLICATION; FOREST AB The etiology of a previously unknown disease of Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. (twisted stalk) that occurred in south central Alaska was elucidated. Symptomatic plants with yellow-green dashes and streaks on their leaves contained distinct viruses belonging to the family Potyviridae and (or) tentatively to the family Flexiviridae genus Carlavirus. Each virus' identity was confirmed by a combination of morphology, serology (ELISA and (or) Western analysis), and sequences obtained from reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction products previously generated by potyvirus- or carlavirus-specific primers. The mechanical transmission of particles (purified from twisted stalk as a mixture of both viruses or as a single preparation of each virus) to S.aamplexifolius, Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste et Reyn, and Chenopodiumaquinoa Willd., fulfilled Koch's postulates. The relatively high incidence of infected plants and associated severe symptoms in populations from several sites in south central Alaska gave evidence that native plants are susceptible to, and are adversely affected by viral diseases. Even though Streptopus species grow throughout the temperate regions of the world, this is the first report of a pathogen(s) infecting plants in the genus Streptopus. C1 USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Arctic Plant Germplasm Introd & Res Project, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Arctic Plant Germplasm Introd & Res Project, 533 E Fireweed Ave, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM pfnlr@uaa.alaska.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1257 EP 1267 DI 10.1139/B05-092 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010YH UT WOS:000235233400007 ER PT J AU Cox, SE AF Cox, SE TI Elevational gradient of neoformed shoot growth in Populus tremuloides SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Populus tremuloides; aspen; neoformation; preformation; primordium; indeterminate ID SUGAR MAPLE; PREFORMATION; NOTHOFAGACEAE; ASPEN; ACER AB Determinate growth involves cessation of leaf formation prior to the end of the growing season, whereas indeterminate growth involves leaf formation for as long as environmental conditions allow. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has been described as having both types of growth. This variation is partially due to canopy bud position, but environmental factors may also contribute. In this study, buds from the same canopy position of aspen trees in northern Colorado, USA, exhibited less neoformation with increasing elevation (R-2 = 0.78). Evidence suggests that this is primarily a response to the characteristically cooler temperatures and shorter growing seasons of higher elevations. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cox, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Samuel.Cox@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1340 EP 1344 DI 10.1139/b05-103 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010YH UT WOS:000235233400013 ER PT J AU Young, MK Guenther-Gloss, PM Ficke, AD AF Young, MK Guenther-Gloss, PM Ficke, AD TI Predicting cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) abundance in high-elevation streams: revisiting a model of translocation success SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FISH-HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; ABSAROKA MOUNTAINS; ATLANTIC SALMON; BULL TROUT; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; RIVER; VARIABILITY; PLEURITICUS AB Assessing viability of stream populations of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) and identifying streams suitable for establishing populations are priorities in the western United States, and a model was recently developed to predict translocation success (as defined by an index of population size) of two subspecies based on mean July water temperature, pool bankfull width, and deep pools counts. To determine whether the translocation model applied to streams elsewhere with more precise abundance estimates, we examined the relation between electrofishing-based estimates of cutthroat trout abundance and these habitat variables plus occupied stream length. The preferred model was (population size)(1/2) = 0.00508(stream length (m)) + 5.148 (N = 31). In contrast, a model based on data from the original translocation model included stream temperature and deep pool counts as variables. Differences in models appear to largely have a methodological rather than biological basis. Additional habitat coupled with increased habitat complexity may account for the form of the abundance - stream length relation in the electrofishing-based model. Model-derived estimates imply that many cutthroat trout populations are below thresholds associated with reduced risk of extinction. We believe that this model can reduce uncertainty about projected population sizes when selecting streams for reintroductions or evaluating unsampled streams. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US Forest Serv, Med Bow Routt Natl Forests, Brush Creek Hayden Ranger Dist, Saratoga, WY 82331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Young, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkyoung@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 62 IS 10 BP 2399 EP 2408 DI 10.1139/F05-149 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 978EJ UT WOS:000232856100021 ER PT J AU Liang, JJ Buongiorno, J Monserud, RA AF Liang, JJ Buongiorno, J Monserud, RA TI Growth and yield of all-aged Douglas-fir - western hemlock forest stands: a matrix model with stand diversity effects SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-SPECIES STANDS; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; CRITERIA AB A density-dependent matrix model was developed for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) - western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forest stands in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The model predicted the number and volume of trees for 4 species groups and 19 diameter classes. The parameters were based on species-dependent equations linking individual tree growth, mortality, and stand recruitment to tree and stand characteristics, including stand diversity in terms of tree species and size. The equations were estimated with individual tree and stand data from 2706 permanent plots in western Washington and Oregon, largely from private and state lands, measured twice at an average interval of 10 years. Other things being equal, diameter growth increased slightly with species diversity and decreased with size diversity. Recruitment increased with species diversity and decreased with size diversity. Mortality was independent of species diversity and tended to increase with size diversity. There was practically no relationship between individual tree volume and species or size diversity. The number of trees predicted by the model over the interval between successive inventories was generally unbiased. Long-term predictions with different initial conditions were consistent with standard yield tables and compared favorably with those of the Forest Vegetation Simulator. The model also implied that, independently of its initial condition, an undisturbed stand would eventually reach a steady state dominated by western hemlock more than 1 m in diameter, with few trees of other species and size. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Buongiorno, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbuongio@wisc.edu NR 50 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2368 EP 2381 DI 10.1139/X05-137 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991GR UT WOS:000233800900008 ER PT J AU Innes, JC Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Leak, WB Barrett, JP AF Innes, JC Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Leak, WB Barrett, JP TI Size-density metrics, leaf area, and productivity in eastern white pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SELF-THINNING RULE; CONTORTA VAR LATIFOLIA; DOUGLAS-FIR PLANTATIONS; -3/2 POWER RULE; STAND-DENSITY; LOBLOLLY-PINE; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; MANAGEMENT DIAGRAMS; STEMWOOD PRODUCTION; BIOMASS INCREMENT AB Size-density metrics are used extensively for silvicultural planning; however, they operate on biological assumptions that remain relatively untested. Using data from 12 even-aged stands of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) growing in southern New Hampshire, we compared size-density metrics with stand productivity and its biological components, including leaf area index (LAI) and measures of crown morphology. Density indices included Reineke's stand density index (SDI), a -3/2 relative density law, and trees per hectare. We examined models with and without site index and stand age as components, to predict total stand accretion (PAI), LAI, and growth efficiency (GE). LAI was a strong linear predictor of PAI (R-2 = 0.89). However, of the indices tested only SDI was a significant predictor of accretion, and none were significantly related to LAI or GE. Site index was not a significant predictor of any variable when used alone, but in combination with SDI and stand age did lead to significant relationships with PAI (R-2 = 0.84), LAI (R-2 = 0.67), and GE (R-2 = 0.92). Of the density indices tested only trees per hectare was strongly correlated with crown attributes. These results demonstrate that size-density metrics combined with other stand attributes are reasonably correlated with biological measures of stand growth. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Northeastern Res Stn, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Innes, JC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jcinnes@yahoo.com RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2469 EP 2478 DI 10.1139/X05-174 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991GR UT WOS:000233800900018 ER PT J AU Weaver, RW Entry, JA Graves, A AF Weaver, RW Entry, JA Graves, A TI Numbers of fecal streptococci and Escherichia coli in fresh and dry cattle, horse, and sheep manure SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enterococci; E. coli; fecal streptococci; bacterial indicators; bacterial source tracking; pollution ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RUNOFF WATER; INDICATOR; POLLUTION; QUALITY; WASTE; CONTAMINATION; ENTEROCOCCI; PATHOGENS AB Livestock are known contributors to stream pollution. Numbers of fecal streptococci and Escherichia coli in manure naturally deposited by livestock in the field are needed for activities related to bacterial source tracking and determining maximum daily bacterial loading of streams. We measured populations of fecal streptococci and E. coli in fresh and dry manure from cattle (Bos taurus L.), horses (Equus caballus L.), and sheep (Ovis aires L.) on farms in southern Idaho. Populations of indicator bacteria in dry manure were often as high as that in fresh manure from horse and sheep. There was a 2 log(10) drop in the population of fecal coliform numbers in dry cattle manure from cattle in pastures but not from cattle in pens. Bacterial isolates used in source tracking should include isolates from both fresh and dry manure to better represent the bacterial source loading of streams.Key words: enterococci, E. coli, fecal streptococci, bacterial indicators, bacterial source tracking, pollution. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 51 IS 10 BP 847 EP 851 DI 10.1139/W05-071 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 999UI UT WOS:000234415600004 PM 16333344 ER PT J AU Steppuhn, H Asay, KH AF Steppuhn, H Asay, KH TI Emergence, height, and yield of tall, NewHy, and green wheatgrass forage crops grown in saline root zones SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salt tolerance; salt resistance; salinity; tall wheatgrass; green wheatgrass; NewHy; crop response to salinity ID SALT-STRESSED WHEAT; AGROPYRON-SPICATUM; SELENIUM ACCUMULATION; SULFATE SALINITY; WILD RYEGRASS; TOLERANCE; CHLORIDE; GRASS; RESPONSES; QUALITY AB The salinity tolerance of a crop relates to its inherent ability to yield economic product while subjected to root-zone salinity. Tall wheatgrass [Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Liu & Wang, previously Agropyron elongatum (Horst.) Beauv.] ranks as one of the most salt-tolerant forage crops, but producers feeding or grazing livestock with it often report of its poor palatability. NewHy [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski x Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh.) A. Love] and green wheatgrasses (Elymus hoffmannii Jensen and Asay) are new forages with potentially better palatability. In order to determine the responses of these forages to saline rooting media, two tests were conducted in Canada's Salinity Tolerance Testing Facility. The plants were grown in sand tanks flushed four times daily with hydroponic solutions consisting of nutrients and salts dominated either by chloride ions measuring from 1.5 to 48 dS m(-1) or by sulphate ions from 1.5 to 50 dS m(-1). In the chloride test, maximum emergence-survival, emergence rate, and emergence at the time of maximum rate for Orbit tall wheatgrass differed significantly from green wheatgrass (Breeding Strain A6) and NewHy. The maximum percent emergence and survival within the range of test salinity levels averaged 93, 88, 86% for tall, NewHy, and Strain A6 wheatgrasses, respectively. In the sulphate test, maximum percent emergence-survival averaged 94, 91, and 87% for Orbit tall wheatgrass and green wheatgrass breeding strains A6 and S2 across the eight salinity levels of the test. Relative crop heights at harvest did not differ significantly among the test forages in either test. In the chloride test, shoot biomass yields relative to the salt-free production analysed by the modified-discount equation resulted in salinity-tolerance-indices of 11.2, 5.7, and 12.9 for tall, NewHy, and green wheatgrasses, respectively. In the sulphate test, salinity-tolerance indices for the tall wheatgrass, A6 and S2 green wheatgrass strains registered 11.7, 12.8, and 12.5, respectively. This and the covariance yield analyses based on paired t-tests lead to the inference that the salinity tolerance for both strains of green wheatgrass equalled that of the Orbit tall wheatgrass and exceeded that of the NewHy. Producers will soon have the option of growing AC Saltlander, a variety of green wheatgrass (Strain S2), which has just been released for commercialization and seed increase. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Steppuhn, H (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, POB 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. EM steppuhn@agr.gc.ca NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 85 IS 4 BP 863 EP 875 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 992NL UT WOS:000233890600013 ER PT J AU Jalswal, P Avraham, S Ilic, K Kellogg, EA McCouch, S Pujar, A Reiser, L Rhee, SY Sachs, MM Schaeffer, M Stein, L Stevens, P Vincent, L Ware, D Zapata, F AF Jalswal, P Avraham, S Ilic, K Kellogg, EA McCouch, S Pujar, A Reiser, L Rhee, SY Sachs, MM Schaeffer, M Stein, L Stevens, P Vincent, L Ware, D Zapata, F TI Plant Ontology (PO): a controlled vocabulary of plant structures and growth stages SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Bio-Ontologies Meeting CY JUN 24, 2005 CL Detroit, MI DE plant growth stage; controlled vocabulary; plant ontology; plant development; plant anatomy; plant morphology; gene expression; phenotype ID GENOME; SEQUENCE; DATABASE; BIOLOGY; GRAMENE AB The Plant Ontology Consortium (POC) (www.plantontology.org) is a collaborative effort among several plant databases and experts in plant systematics, botany and genomics. A primary goal of the POC is to develop simple yet robust and extensible controlled vocabularies that accurately reflect the biology of plant structures and developmental stages. These provide a network of vocabularies linked by relationships (ontology) to facilitate queries that cut across datasets within a database or between multiple databases. The current version of the ontology integrates diverse vocabularies used to describe Arabidopsis, maize and rice (Oryza sp.) anatomy, morphology and growth stages. Using the ontology browser, over 3500 gene annotations from three species-specific databases, The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) for Arabidopsis, Gramene for rice and MaizeGDB for maize, can now be queried and retrieved. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Stock Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Jalswal, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pj37@cornell.edu RI Kellogg, Elizabeth/M-2845-2013; OI Kellogg, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1671-7447; Reiser, Leonore/0000-0003-0073-0858; Zapata, Felipe/0000-0002-9386-0573 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 7-8 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1002/cfg.496 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 019BW UT WOS:000235811600007 ER PT J AU Consoli, FL Brandt, SL Coudron, TA Vinson, SB AF Consoli, FL Brandt, SL Coudron, TA Vinson, SB TI Host regulation and release of parasitism-specific proteins in the system Toxoneuron nigriceps Heliothis virescens SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitism-specific proteins; teratocytes; nutrition; storage proteins ID CARDIOCHILES-NIGRICEPS; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; STORAGE PROTEINS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; VIERECK HYMENOPTERA; HEMOLYMPH-PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNAS; F LEPIDOPTERA; FAT-BODY; LARVAE AB The braconid wasp Toxoneuron nigriceps induced qualitative and quantitative changes in the protein composition of the moth Heliothis virescens host hemolymph. Total protein concentration was found to be higher in parasitized host 4 days after parasitism as compared to control hosts, mainly due to changes in a particular group of proteins. Host proteins with a molecular mass of 173 and 72 kDa were found in higher levels in the hemolymph of parasitized larvae as control hosts approached pupation, while an 80 kDa peptide was found in reduced concentration in the hemolymph of parasitized hosts. Levels of these three peptides were maintained throughout parasitoid development, while two of them (173 and 72 kDa) were cleared from the host hemolymph close to pupation. Besides the regulation of host proteins, three parasitism-specific proteins (PSPs) were released into the host hemolymph. Two of them (PSP1-MW= 116 kDa, pI=6.3; PSP2-MW= 114 kDa, pI=6.2) first appeared in the hemolymph of parasitized hosts soon after pupation of control host and increased in concentration as the parasitoid developed. The third PSP (PSP3-MW=56 kDa, pI=5.8) was produced towards the end of parasitoid larval development, close to parasitoid egression. Database searches based on the amino acid composition and amino terminal sequence of PSP1 and PSP2 did not produce any significant matches, while PSP3 was identified as a putative chitinase. Incubation of host derived tissues, parasitoid larvae and teratocytes in S-35 conditioned media suggested PSPs were a product of teratocytes. The role of the regulation of host proteins and release of PSPs by teratocytes for the successful development of T nigriceps are discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USP, ESALQ, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agricola, BR-13418900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Consoli, FL (reprint author), USP, ESALQ, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agricola, BR-13418900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM fconsoli@esalq.usp.br RI Consoli, Fernando Luis/D-5706-2012 OI Consoli, Fernando Luis/0000-0002-2287-0782 NR 51 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 142 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.07.002 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 970RO UT WOS:000232327500006 PM 16054411 ER PT J AU Small, BC AF Small, BC TI Effect of fasting on nychthemeral concentrations of plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), and cortisol in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lGF-I; GH; cortisol; fasting; channel catfish ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HEPATIC 5'-MONODEIODINASE ACTIVITY; TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; CORTICOSTERONE PEAK; BINDING-PROTEINS AB This experiment was conducted to characterize the effect of fasting versus satiety feeding on plasma concentrations of GH, IGF-I, and cortisol over a nychthemeron. Channel catfish fingerlings were acclimated for two weeks under a 12L:12D photoperiod, then fed or fasted for 21 d. On day 2 1, blood samples were collected every 2 h for 24 h. Weight of fed fish increased an average of 66.2% and fasted fish lost 21.7% of body weight on average. Average nychthemeral concentrations of plasma GH were not significantly different between fed (24.7 ng/mL) and fasted (26.8 ng/mL) fish, but average nychthemeral IGF-I concentrations were higher in fed (23.4 ng/mL) versus fasted (17.8 ng/mL) fish. An increase in plasma IGF-I concentrations was observed in fasted fish 2 h after a peak in plasma GH, but not in fed fish. Average nychthemeral plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in fed (14.5 ng/mL) versus fasted (11.0 ng/mL) fish after 21 d. Significant fluctuations and a postprandial increase in plasma cortisol were observed in fed fish and there was an overall increase in plasma cortisol of both fasted and fed fish during the scotophase. The present experiment indicates little or no effect of 21-d fasting on plasma GH levels but demonstrates fasting-induced suppression of plasma IGF-I and cortisol levels in channel catfish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 56 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 142 IS 2 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.07.008 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 970RO UT WOS:000232327500010 PM 16126422 ER PT J AU Rauscher, HM Reynolds, K Vacik, H AF Rauscher, HM Reynolds, K Vacik, H TI Decision-support systems for forest management SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28805 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rauscher, HM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28805 USA. EM mrauscher@fs.fed.us; kreynolds@fs.fed.us; harald.vacik@boku.ac.at RI Reynolds, Keith/B-3327-2009; Vacik, Harald/B-1185-2009; OI Vacik, Harald/0000-0002-5668-6967; Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.02.001 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 959QG UT WOS:000231532400001 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KM AF Reynolds, KM TI Integrated decision support for sustainable forest management in the United States: Fact or fiction? SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Decision Support for Multiple Purpose Forestry CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci DE decision support; sustainability; forest management; ecosystem management; adaptive management; NED; LMS; EMDS ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; INVENTORY AB Decision support systems have played a prominent role in the implementation of forest management since the early 1980s. However, whereas early systems were typically designed to address relatively simple management questions, more modern systems are increasingly being called upon to address the challenges posed by issues surrounding forest ecosystem management, sustainable forest management, and adaptive management. This paper considers some of the key requirements as they apply to forestry in the United States, and reviews recent decision support system designs in the United States, considering the extent to which they are satisfying the requirements, and opportunities for their continued evolution. The three systems discussed, NED, LMS, and EMDS, are typical of recent approaches to system design insofar as each has taken an evolutionary approach to system implementation in order to develop effective, integrated decision support for forest management in this new, complex problem domain. On considering the current state of system development for the three systems, it is concluded that significant progress has, in fact, been made in the last few years in providing support for evaluation and planning, although it is equally true that substantial opportunities remain for continued development to support plan implementation and forest ecosystem monitoring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kreynolds@fs.fed.us RI Reynolds, Keith/B-3327-2009; OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 70 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 6 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.comag.2005.02.002 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 959QG UT WOS:000231532400002 ER PT J AU Twery, MJ Knopp, PD Thomasma, SA Rauscher, HM Nute, DE Potter, WD Maier, F Wang, J Dass, M Uchiyama, H Glende, A Hoffman, RE AF Twery, MJ Knopp, PD Thomasma, SA Rauscher, HM Nute, DE Potter, WD Maier, F Wang, J Dass, M Uchiyama, H Glende, A Hoffman, RE TI NED-2: A decision support system for integrated forest ecosystem management SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Decision Support for Multiple Purpose Forestry CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci DE ecosystem management; decision support system; knowledge-based system; multiresource decisions; treatment prescription; growth simulation ID VISUALIZATION; LANDSCAPE; INTEROPERABILITY; PROTECTION; GOALS AB NED-2 is a Windows-based system designed to improve project-level planning and decision making by providing useful and scientifically sound information to natural resource managers. Resources currently addressed include visual quality, ecology, forest health, timber, water, and wildlife. NED-2 expands on previous versions of NED applications by integrating treatment prescriptions, growth simulation, and alternative comparisons with evaluations of multiple resources across a management unit. The NED-2 system is adaptable for small private holdings, large public properties, or cooperative management across multiple ownerships. NED-2 implements a goal-driven decision process that ensures that all relevant goals are considered; the character and current condition of forestland are known; alternatives to manage the land are designed and tested; the future forest under each alternative is simulated; and the alternative selected achieves the owner's goals. NED-2 is designed to link with the NedLite package for field data collection using a handheld PDA, and is constructed to be easy to link to third-party applications. The NED process is being field tested to demonstrate its utility and identify weaknesses. Results of case studies are summarized for two owners, a private individual and the City of Baltimore, Maryland, and its reservoir lands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI 49504 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC USA. Univ Georgia, Artificial Intelligence Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Landscape Architecture, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Twery, MJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM mtwery@fs.fed.us RI Dass, Mayukh/C-8277-2013 OI Dass, Mayukh/0000-0002-7755-746X NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 24 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.03.001 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 959QG UT WOS:000231532400003 ER PT J AU Nute, D Potter, WD Cheng, ZY Dass, M Glende, A Maierv, F Routh, C Uchiyama, H Wang, J Witzig, S Twery, M Knopp, P Thomasma, S Rauscher, HM AF Nute, D Potter, WD Cheng, ZY Dass, M Glende, A Maierv, F Routh, C Uchiyama, H Wang, J Witzig, S Twery, M Knopp, P Thomasma, S Rauscher, HM TI A method for integrating multiple components in a decision support system SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Decision Support for Multiple Purpose Forestry CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci DE agents; blackboard architecture; ecosystem management; decision support system; knowledge based system; regeneration; fire risk analysis AB We present a flexible, extensible method for integrating multiple tools into a single large decision support system (DSS) using a forest ecosystem management DSS (NED-2) as an example. In our approach, a rich ontology for the target domain is developed and implemented in the internal data model for the DSS. Semi-autonomous agents control external components and communicate using a blackboard. We illustrate how this multi-agent approach with its blackboard architecture supports the expansion of a DSS (in this case, NED-2) to incorporate new models and decision support tools as they become available. The exemplar NED-2 DSS developed using this method is a goal-driven DSS that integrates a sophisticated inventory system, treatment plan development, growth-and-yield models, wildlife models, fire risk models, knowledge based systems for goal satisfaction analysis, and a powerful report generation system. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Artificial Intelligence Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC USA. RP Nute, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Artificial Intelligence Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dnute@uga.edu; potter@cs.uga.edu; mtwery@fs.fed.us; mrauscher@fs.fed.us RI Dass, Mayukh/C-8277-2013 OI Dass, Mayukh/0000-0002-7755-746X NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 44 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.02.007 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 959QG UT WOS:000231532400004 ER PT J AU Crookston, NL Dixon, GE AF Crookston, NL Dixon, GE TI The forest vegetation simulator: A review of its structure, content, and applications SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Decision Support for Multiple Purpose Forestry CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci DE forest growth and yield; forest planning; forest succession; forest disturbances; decision support; prognosis model ID INDIVIDUAL TREE MORTALITY; GROWTH-MODELS; HABITAT TYPE; APPLICABILITY; MANAGEMENT; PROGNAUS AB The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) is a distance-independent, individual-tree forest growth model widely used in the United States to support management decisionmaking. Stands are the basic projection unit, but the spatial scope can be many thousands of stands. The temporal scope is several hundred years at a resolution of 5-10 years. Projections start with a summary of current conditions evident in the input inventory data. FVS contains a self-calibration feature that uses measured growth rates to modify predictions for local conditions. Component models predict the growth and mortality of individual trees, and extensions to the base model represent disturbance agents including insects, pathogens, and fire. The component models differ depending on the geographic region represented by regionally specific model variants. The differences are due to data availability and the applicability of existing models. The model supports specification of management rules in the input, such as thinning if density is too high. The rules can be extended to represent other factors. For example, the effect of climate change on stand development by entering rules that specify how growth and mortality will change in response to changing climate. Applications range from development of silvicultural prescription for single stands to landscape and large regional assessments. Key issues addressed with FVS include forest development, wildlife habitat, pest outbreaks, and fuels management. The predictions are used to gain insights into how forested environments will respond to alternative management actions. Broad-scale forest management policies have been studied with FVS. For the 30 years since the model was initially introduced, the development team has anticipated and provided needed enhancements and maintained a commitment to working with and training users. The existence of an adequate user interface and the continued use of the original programming language are often overlooked factors for the success of this model. Future work will focus on improving FVS by adopting recent biometric techniques and including new information linking geomorphology to mortality and growth. Extending the model to more closely represent biophysical processes and adapting the model so that it is more relevant to management questions related to predicted climate change are also foci. Providing ways to dynamically link FVS to other models is our current strategy for providing major new capabilities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Management Serv Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Crookston, NL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ncrookston@fs.fed.us; gdixon01@fs.fed.us NR 94 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 60 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.02.003 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 959QG UT WOS:000231532400005 ER PT J AU Schimmelpfennig, DE Norton, GW AF Schimmelpfennig, DE Norton, GW TI Assessing the value of economics research: The case of the bias in the consumer price index SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL RETURNS; UNITED-STATES; INFORMATION; INNOVATIONS; SYSTEM; COSTS AB Economists provide sometimes contradictory information about economic systems that contribute to policy design. How does one value this type of knowledge? A political-economic game is presented that allows for reinforcing and contradictory research messages. Policy makers are assumed to follow a Bayesian decision theory process and the model is tested with quantitative estimates of the value of research on the degree of bias in the Consumer Price Index. Most economists agree that a bias exists, but published estimates vary widely. A blue-ribbon panel of economists recommended revisions to how the index is calculated, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics subsequently made revisions that differed from their original plans, but how much influence did the panel really have on the revisions? C1 USDA, ARS, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Schimmelpfennig, DE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1800 M St NW,Room 4179, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM des@ers.usda.gov; gnorton@vt.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD OCT PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1093/cep/byi048 PG 11 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 970YK UT WOS:000232348100013 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Barrett, JB AF Barb, CR Barrett, JB TI Neuropeptide Y modulates growth hormone but not luteinizing hormone secretion from prepuberal gilt anterior pituitary cells in culture SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neuropeptide Y; pituitary; luteinizing hormone; growth hormone; pig ID PORCINE SOMATOTROPE SUBPOPULATIONS; CALCIUM TRANSIENTS; GOLDFISH PITUITARY; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; RELEASE; LEPTIN; RATS; LH AB Pituitary cells, from seven 160- to 170-day-old pigs, were studied in primary culture to determine the affects NPY on LH and GH secretion at the level of the pituitary. On day 4 of culture, medium was discarded, plates were rinsed twice with serum-free medium and cells were cultured in 1 ml fresh medium without serum and challenged individually with 10(-10), 10(-8) or 10(-6) M [Ala(15)]-h growth hormone-releasing factor-( 1-29)NH2 (GRF); 10(-9), 10(-8) or 10(-7) M GnRH or 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7) or 10(-6) M NPY individually or in combinations with 10(-9) or 10(-8) M GnRH or 10-8 or 10-6 M GRF. Cells were exposed to treatment for 4 h at which time medium was harvested and quantified for LH and GH. Basal LH secretion (control; n = 7 pituitaries) was 12 +/- 6 ng/well. Relative to control at 4 h, 10(-9), 10(-8) and 10(-7) M GnRH increased (P < 0.01) LH secretion by 169, 176 and 197%, respectively. Neuropeptide-Y did not alter (P > 0.4) basal LH secretion nor 10-8 M GnRH-induced increase in LH secretion but 10(-9) M GnRH-stimulated LH secretion was reduced by NPY and was not different from control or GnRH alone. Basal GH secretion (control; n = 7 pituitaries) was 56 +/- 12 ng/well. Relative to control at 4 h, 10(-10), 10(-8) and 10(-6) M GRF increased GH secretion by 111%, 125% (P < 0.01) and 150% (P < 0.01), respectively. Only 10(-6) M (134%) and 10(-7) M (125%) NPY increased (P < 0.04) basal GH secretion. Addition of 10(-9), 10(-8) and 10(-7) M NPY in combination with 10(-8) M GRF suppressed (P < 0.04) GRF-stimulated GH secretion. However, 10(-9) M NPY enhanced (P < 0.06) the GH response to 10(-6) M GRF. These results demonstrate that NPY may directly modulate GH secretion at the level of the pituitary gland. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rbarb@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.03.004 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 967XR UT WOS:000232125000007 PM 16153503 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA Carter, DB Korte, SW Prather, RS AF Carroll, JA Carter, DB Korte, SW Prather, RS TI Evaluation of the acute phase response in cloned pigs following a lipopolysaccharide challenge SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clones; pigs; acute phase response ID NUCLEAR TRANSFER; TRANSGENIC CALVES; FETAL FIBROBLASTS; CELLS; CLONING; ADULT; EMBRYOS; DONOR; SHEEP; GENE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute phase response (APR) in cloned pigs derived from two different cell lines [C1 (n=2) and C2 (n=7)] as compared to genetically similar non-cloned pigs (CONT; n=11) following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 25 mu g/kg BW) challenge. Pigs were weaned at 21 days of age and maintained in individual pens in the same room until sample collection approximately 1 week later. Blood samples were collected every 30 min for 2 h prior to and 4 h after the LPS challenge. Serum samples were analyzed for cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Average gestational length for cloned pigs, 118.8 +/- 0.97 days, was longer (P < 0.005) than that of CONT pigs, 114 +/- 0.41 days. For serum cortisol, there was a time by group interaction (P < 0.0001) such that the cortisol response was greater in CONT pigs as compared to C2 pigs (P < 0.0001), but not different from C 1 pigs (P > 0.74). A time by group interaction (P < 0.0001) was observed for serum TNF-a such that the TNF-a response was greater in CONT pigs as compared to C2 pigs (P = 0.0002) and tended to be greater (P < 0.06) than C1 pigs. A time by group interaction (P < 0.0001) was also observed for serum IL-6 such that the serum IL-6 response was greater (P < 0.003) in CONT pigs as compared to C2 pigs and there was a trend (P = 0.10) for serum IL-6 to be greater in CONT pigs compared to the C1 pigs. These are the first results to demonstrate that cortisol and proinflammatory cytokine profiles associated with the APR of cloned pigs are altered compared to genetically similar noncloned pigs. Our results also indicate that the cell line from which clones are derived may dictate the APR. The hormone and cytokine profiles reported herein are a significant contribution towards our understanding, and perhaps our ability to prevent or reduce the incidence of premature deaths in cloned animals and warrants further investigation of the immune system of cloned animals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jacarroll@lbk.ars.usda.gov OI Prather, Randall/0000-0002-6012-4035 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 564 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.03.009 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 967XR UT WOS:000232125000009 PM 16153505 ER PT J AU Silver, WL Thompson, AW Reich, A Ewel, JJ Firestone, MK AF Silver, WL Thompson, AW Reich, A Ewel, JJ Firestone, MK TI Nitrogen cycling in tropical plantation forests: Potential controls on nitrogen retention SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cordia alliodora plantations; dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; field experiment; gross nitrification; gross nitrogen mineralization; land-use change; La Selva Biological Station; Costa Rica; N-15; nitrogen fertilization; nitrous oxide; tropical forests; tropical plantations cf. old-growth forests ID RAIN-FOREST; WET FOREST; TREE PLANTATIONS; POOL DILUTION; GAS EMISSIONS; SOIL CARBON; DYNAMICS; DENITRIFICATION; HAWAII; LAND AB The establishment and management of tropical plantations has the potential to significantly alter patterns in nitrogen (N) cycling relative to old-growth tropical forests, which are generally characterized by high N availability and large fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas. We used N-15 tracer additions to examine the effects of plantation establishment and management on gross N-cycling rates, N retention via microbial assimilation and dissimilatory nitrate (NO3-) reduction to ammonium (NH4+) (DNRA), and N losses via N2O emissions. In general, plantations had lower rates of N cycling and increased potential for N losses compared to old-growth forests, but there were few differences between very short (one-year) rotation and 10-yr-old uncut plantations. Gross N mineralization declined by almost 50% in the plantations compared to the old-growth forests, and much of the mineralized N was nitrified at all sites. Gross nitrification rates were more variable and did not differ between old-growth forests and unfertilized plantations; however, fertilization increased gross nitrification by a factor of 6 in short-rotation forests, signaling a potential mechanism for increased N losses via leaching and gaseous emissions. Old-growth forests had significantly higher microbial biomass N and NH4+ assimilation rates. No microbial N assimilation was measured in the plantation soils, nor was there evidence of gross NH4+ immobilization from estimates of NH4+ consumption and nitrification. Plantations and old-growth forests had similar DNRA rates (0.23 mu g(.)g(-1.)d(-1)), which retains N in the ecosystem, and plantations had lower N2O emissions. Nitrous oxide fluxes from plantations were highly sensitive to reducing conditions, highlighting the potential for high rates of NO losses. Our results show that plantation establishment can decrease rates of N cycling, but once forests are converted to plantations, internal N-cycling pathways and N2O fluxes are relatively resistant to disturbance associated with short rotation length. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. La Selva Biol Stn, Org Trop Studies, Miami, FL 33102 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Silver, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wsilver@nature.berkeley.edu RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012 NR 46 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 10 U2 66 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1604 EP 1614 DI 10.1890/04-1322 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970PR UT WOS:000232322600011 ER PT J AU Hughes, RF Denslow, JS AF Hughes, RF Denslow, JS TI Invasion by a N-2-fixing tree alters function and structure in wet lowland forests of Hawaii SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon; facilitation; Falcataria moluccana; invasion; light availability; litterfall; Metrosideros; nitrogen; phosphorus; primary succession; Psidium ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; RAIN-FOREST; LAVA FLOWS; TROPICAL FORESTS; NATIONAL-PARK; ECOSYSTEM; NUTRIENT; ALBIZIA AB Invasive species pose major threats to the integrity and functioning of ecosystems. When such species alter ecosystem processes, they have the potential to change the environmental context in which other species survive and. reproduce and may also facilitate the invasion of additional species. We describe impacts of an invasive N-2-fixing tree, Falcataria moluccana, on some of the last intact remnants of native wet lowland forest undergoing primary succession on 48-, 213-, and 300-yr-old lava flows of Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawai'i. We measured litterfall, soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability, light availability, species composition, and forest structure in native-dominated stands and in stands invaded by Falcataria. Litter inputs increased 1.3-8.6 times, N mass of litterfall increased 4-55 times, and P mass of litterfall increased 2-28 times in invaded stands relative to native stands. C:N and C:P ratios of litterfall were lower, and N:P ratios higher, in invaded stands relative to native stands. Resin-captured soil N and P values were 17-121 and 2-24 times greater, respectively, in invaded stands relative to native stands on each of the three lava flows. Native species accounted for nearly 100% of total basal area and stem density in native stands, while alien species accounted for 68-99% of total basal area, and 82-91% of total stem density, in invaded stands. Compositional changes following Falcataria invasion were due both to increases in alien species, particularly Psidium cattleianum, and decreases in native species, particularly Metrosiderospolymorpha. Results provide a clear example of how invasive tree species, by modifying the function and structure of the ecosystems that they invade, can facilitate invasion by additional normative species and eliminate dominant native species. Given the rarity and limited extent of remaining native-dominated wet lowland forests in Hawaii, and the degree to which Falcataria invasion alters them, we expect that the continued existence of these unique ecosystems will be determined, in large part, by the spread of this invasive species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hughes, RF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM fhughes@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1615 EP 1628 DI 10.1890/04-0874 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970PR UT WOS:000232322600012 ER PT J AU Nonaka, E Spies, TA AF Nonaka, E Spies, TA TI Historical range of variability in landscape structure: A simulation study in Oregon, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE disturbance; fire; forest management; historical range of variability (HRV); landscape; dynamics; landscape metrics; presettlement; principal component analysis; Oregon Coast Range; scenario; stochastic simulation model ID COAST RANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN OREGON; FIRE REGIMES; OLD-GROWTH; FOREST LANDSCAPE; SPATIAL-PATTERN; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; CHANGING SCALE AB We estimated the historical range of variability (HRV) of forest landscape structure under natural disturbance regimes at the scale of a physiographic province (Oregon Coast Range, 2 million ha) and evaluated the similarity to HRV of current and future landscapes under alternative management scenarios. We used a stochastic fire simulation model to simulate presettlement landscapes and quantified the HRV of landscape structure using multivariate analysis of landscape metrics. We examined two alternative policy scenarios simulated by two spatially explicit simulation models: (1) current management policies for 100 years into the future and (2) the wildfire scenario with no active management until it reached the HRV. The simulation results indicated that historical landscapes of the province were dynamic, composed of patches of various sizes and age classes ranging from 0 to >800 years including numerous, small, unburned forest islands. The current landscape was outside the HRV. The landscape did not return to the HRV in the 100 years under either scenario, largely because of lack of old-growth forests and the abundance of young forests. Under the current policy scenario, development of landscape structure was limited by the spatial arrangement of different ownerships and the highly contrasting management regimes among ownerships. As a result, the vegetation pattern after 100 years reflected the ownership pattern. Surprisingly, the wildfire scenario initially moved the landscape away from the HRV during the first 100 years, after which it moved toward the HRV, but it required many more centuries to reach it. Extensive forest management and human-caused fires in the 20th century have left legacies on the landscape that could take centuries to be obliterated by wildfire. Departure from the HRV can serve as an indicator of landscape conditions, but results depend on scale and quantification of landscape heterogeneity. The direct application of the concept of HRV to forest policy and management in large landscapes is often limited since not all ownerships may have ecological goals and future climate change is anticipated. Natural disturbance-based management at large scales would not show the projected effects on landscape structure within a typical policy time frame in highly managed landscapes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Nonaka, E (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020 1, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM enonaka@unm.edu NR 119 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1727 EP 1746 DI 10.1890/04-0902 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970PR UT WOS:000232322600020 ER PT J AU Lorch, PD Sword, GA Gwynne, DT Anderson, GL AF Lorch, PD Sword, GA Gwynne, DT Anderson, GL TI Radiotelemetry reveals differences in individual movement patterns between outbreak and non-outbreak Mormon cricket populations SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE collective movement; insect migration; marching; radio tracking ID ANABRUS-SIMPLEX; TETTIGONIIDAE; ORTHOPTERA; DENSITY AB 1. Outbreaks of insect pest populations are common and can have devastating effects on natural communities and on agriculture. Little is known about the causes of these outbreaks or the causes of en masse migrations during outbreaks. 2. Flightless Mormon crickets (Anabrus simplex) were the focus of this study. They are a katydid species that forms large, dense, mobile groups (migratory bands) during outbreak periods, eating vegetation in their path. 3. Radiotelemetric methods were used to measure differences in movement rate and directionality in outbreak and non-outbreak populations, testing the hypothesis that these populations differ in their travel rate and consistency of direction. 4. Daily individual movement in outbreak populations differs substantially from non-outbreak populations that are at much lower density. In addition to large differences in distances travelled (1.6 km as compared with 1 m) and rates of travel, there is evidence for collective movement among individual Mormon crickets travelling in migratory bands. 5. These data suggest that the direction of group movement may be influenced by local environmental conditions such as wind direction and movement of nearby band members. This work forms the basis for ongoing work testing hypotheses about mass migrations in outbreak populations. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Lorch, PD (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Rm 256,Cunningham Hall, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM plorch@kent.edu OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 5 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00725.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 966FO UT WOS:000232005700008 ER PT J AU Koop, AL Horvitz, CC AF Koop, AL Horvitz, CC TI Projection matrix analysis of the demography of an invasive, nonnative shrub (Ardisia elliptica) SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ardisia elliptica; biological invasions; elasticity structure; invasive nonnative species; life table response experiment; matrix models; population dynamics; randomization tests ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; GROWTH-RATES; SCOTCH-BROOM; PLANT; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; MODELS; FORESTS AB Despite recent advances in the study of invasive, normative species, we still understand very little about the variability of their population dynamics over space and time, and the processes that contribute to their demographic success. The goal of this study was to quantify the population dynamics of the invasive, subtropical shrub, Ardisia elliptica (Myrsinaceae), growing in a disturbed area of Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. We used bootstrap sampling and randomization tests to test hypotheses about spatial and temporal variation in population. dynamics. Five populations spanning a range of habitats were studied for three years. Significant spatial and temporal variation in fruit production, relative growth, fates of vegetative individuals, and population growth rates were detected; however, spatial variation among populations had an overall stronger effect than temporal variation. Population growth rates were greater than 1 or not different from 1, implying that populations are on average increasing in size. Similar to most other shrubs, prospective analysis showed that stasis of large stage classes had the highest elasticities. However, a retrospective analysis indicated that it was variation in growth to larger stage classes that contributed the most to observed variation in population growth rates. Simulations suggest that historically higher population growth rates of A. elliptica were necessary to produce current population sizes in Everglades National Park. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Koop, AL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, USDA, APHIS,PPQ,CPHST, 1730 Vars Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Anthony.L.Koop@aphis.usda.gov NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2661 EP 2672 DI 10.1890/04-1483 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971DP UT WOS:000232361800012 ER PT J AU Conrad, RE Gillis, M Mercer, DE AF Conrad, RE Gillis, M Mercer, DE TI Tropical forest harvesting and taxation: a dynamic model of harvesting behavior under selective extraction systems SO ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID UNEVEN-AGED STAND; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; TIMBER; RENT; DEFORESTATION; DECISION; CYCLE AB A dynamic model of selective harvesting in multi-species, multi-age tropical forests is developed. Forests are predicted to exhibit different optimal harvesting profiles depending on the nature of their joint cost functions and own or cross-species stock effects. The model is applied to the controversy about incentives produced by various taxes. The impacts of specific taxes are shown to depend on the composition of the forest stocks, growth rates, and joint cost effects. Therefore, specific taxes may create different incentives and impacts in Indonesia than in Brazil or Malaysia, for example, suggesting that no single uniform forest tax policy will be appropriate for all countries or all forests. C1 Duke Univ, Sanford Inst Publ Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Conrad, RE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sanford Inst Publ Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1355-770X J9 ENVIRON DEV ECON JI Environ. Dev. Econ. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 10 BP 689 EP 709 DI 10.1017/S1355770X05002391 PN 5 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 979AB UT WOS:000232913400007 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC TI Life table analysis for Podisus maculiventris immatures and female adults under four constant temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE life history; reproduction; development; survivorship ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION-MODEL; EPILACHNA-VARIVESTIS; ARTIFICIAL DIET; SAY HETEROPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; HISTORY; PARAMETERS; ALEYRODIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Detailed life tables and reproduction were studied in nymphs and adult females of Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed larvae of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at constant temperatures of 18, 22, 26, and 30 degrees C. Development rates were fitted to the equation Y = a + b In x. The theoretical development threshold was calculated as T-0 = exp (-a/b), resulting in To = 12.48 and 12.78 degrees C for females and males, respectively. Degree-days for development ranged from 233.92 in males at 18 degrees C to 338.73 in females at 30 degrees C. In all temperature treatments, P. maculiventris immatures consumed a mean of approximately eight prey items. Mean immature body weights were higher at higher temperatures, but females were heavier than males only at the fifth instar. In adult female P. maculiventris, age at first oviposition ranged from 2.7 d at 30 degrees C to 13.4 d at 18 degrees C. Percentage of egg hatch was lowest at 18 degrees C (11%) and highest at 30 degrees C (36.4%). Survivorship curves showed a linear decline with time, the steepest curves at the highest temperatures. Total number of eggs laid per female ranged from 429.4 at 18 degrees C to 755.4 at 26 degrees C. Mean egg numbers were fitted to a surface equation as eggs = (-6.658 + 0.432T) d exp(-0.002Td) where d and T are age (days) and temperature (T), respectively. Net and gross reproductive rates were highest at 26 degrees C R, = 379.126; gross reproductive rate [GRR] = 491.273 female / female) and lowest at 18 degrees C (R-0 = 207.873; GRR = 294.972). Generation and doubling times were shortest at 30 degrees C (T = 35.021 and DT = 4.270 d). Intrinsic and finite rates of increase were also highest at 30 degrees C (r = 0.1623; lambda = 1.1763). Reproductive parameters were recalculated using numbers of eggs that actually hatched, resulting in lower values, although the effects of temperature did not change. In the context of mass rearing P. maculiventris, 26 degrees C is the optimal temperature tested, but female predators > 21 d should be not be used because they may not be capable of laying viable eggs. C1 Florida A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, CMAVE,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, CMAVE,Ctr Biol Control, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM jlegaspi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 990 EP 998 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[0990:LTAFPM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800003 ER PT J AU Chen, J AF Chen, J TI Excretion of phosphoric acid by red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE excretion; worker fecal droplet; larval anal liquid; phosphoric acid ID SOIL AB Food sources, mineral redistribution, and excreta are some of the ways ants enrich their mound environment. Phosphorus excretion has not been reported in red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Quantification of phosphoric acid in worker fecal droplets and larval anal liquid of S. invicta was performed. Phosphoric acid was trimethylsilylated using N,O-bis(trimetbylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, and the tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phosphoric acid made up 2.13 +/- 1.08% (SD) of the dry weight of worker fecal droplets and 2.09 +/- 0.72% of the larval anal liquid. The rate of phosphoric acid production in workers was 0.08 +/- 0.024 mu g/ ant/d. Because the hindgut of red imported fire ant larva is separated from the midgut, the excretory products in larval anal liquid are primarily of metabolic origin. The presence of phosphoric acid in larval anal liquid shows that red imported fire ants excrete phosphoric acid. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jianchen@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1009 EP 1012 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1009:EOPABR]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800005 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Lindgren, BS Borden, JH AF Miller, DR Lindgren, BS Borden, JH TI Dose-dependent pheromone responses of mountain pine beetle in stands of lodgepole pine SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus ponderosae; exo-brevicomin; verbenols; Cleridae ID PONDEROSAE HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; BARK BEETLE; IPS-PINI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; NATURAL ENEMIES; EXO-BREVICOMIN; SCOLYTIDAE; VERBENONE AB We conducted seven behavioral choice tests with Lindgren multiple-funnel traps in stands of mature lodgepole pine in British Columbia, from 1988 to 1994, to determine the dose dependent responses of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, to its pheromones. A multifunctional dose-dependent response was exhibited by D. ponderosae to the pheromones cis- and trans-verbenol in areas with low population numbers. In an area with a high population level of D. ponderosae, the response was directly proportional to release rates. No dose-dependent response was exhibited by D. ponderosae to exo-brevicomin at low release rates. At rates of release > 0.5 mg/d, exo-brevicomin interrupted the attraction of D. ponderosae in a dose-dependent fashion. The bark beetle predators, Enoclerus sphegeus (F.) and Thanasimus undatulus (Say), showed dose-dependent responses to only a few pheromones, with trap catches directly proportional to release rates. The multi -functional response of D. ponderosae to verbenols is consistent with an optimal attack density hypothesis. C1 Univ No British Columbia, Coll Sci & Management, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. Phere Tech Inc, Delta, BC V4G 1E9, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Coll Sci & Management, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. EM dmiller03@fs.fed.us RI Lindgren, B Staffan/G-5947-2012 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1027 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1019:DPROMP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800007 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Light, DM AF Knight, AL Light, DM TI Seasonal flight patterns of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) monitored with pear ester and codlemone-baited traps in sex pheromone-treated apple orchards SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; apple; monitoring; mating disruption ID MATING DISRUPTION; CYDIA-POMONELLA; OLETHREUTIDAE; DISPENSERS; CATCHES AB Traps baited with ethyl (E, Z) -2, 4-decadienoate (pear ester) or (E, E) -8,10-dodecadienol (codlemone) were used to monitor codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in 102 apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards. All orchards were treated with 500-1,000 Isomate-C PLUS dispensers/ha during 2000-2002. Traps baited with pear ester caught their first moth significantly later on average than the paired codlemone-baited traps, but timing of peak moth catch during each moth flight coincided with both types of lures. The timing of first male moth capture in pear ester- baited traps was significantly earlier than the first female moth; and the percentage of male moths in the total numbers of moths captured ranged from 55 to 60% over the three seasons. The percentage of female moths caught by pear ester- baited traps that were mated exceeded 80% each year. Pear ester- baited traps caught similar numbers of moths as codlemone-baited traps during 2000. However, the density of sex pheromone dispensers per hectare was increased in most orchards in 2001-2002; and pear ester outperformed codlemone-baited traps in both years. C1 USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1035 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1028:SFPOCM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800008 ER PT J AU Branson, DH AF Branson, DH TI Effects of fire on grasshopper assemblages in a northern mixed-grass prairie SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grasshopper; fire; mixed-grass prairie; Acrididae; Gomphocerinae ID GREAT-PLAINS; RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; FREQUENCY; VEGETATION; QUALITY; DENSITY AB Grassland fires have been shown to influence grasshopper community composition and population dynamics, but studies of their effects on rangeland grasshopper assemblages in the northern Great Plains are lacking. This study was designed to examine the effect of a grassland wildfire on grasshopper community composition and population densities of three grasshopper subfamilies in western North Dakota northern mixed-grass prairie with sampling in paired burned and unburned plots. A rapidly moving fire occurred in late October 1999, after egg-overwintering grasshoppers had died. Vegetation biomass and nitrogen content of grasses did not differ statistically between burned and unburned plots in 2000. The fire negatively affected grasshopper population densities the year after the fire, but species diversity was not affected by the fire. Much of the reduction in grasshopper population densities was caused by a decline in densities of Gomphocerinae species. Grasshopper subfamily densities did not differ statistically between burned and unburned plots in 2001. Additional research is needed to determine the mechanisms leading to the reduction in Gomphocerinae species densities. C1 USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Branson, DH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM dbranson@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1113 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1109:EOFOGA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800017 ER EF