FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mitchell, SM Zajac, AM Kennedy, T Davis, W Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS AF Mitchell, Sheila M. Zajac, Anne M. Kennedy, Tom Davis, Wendell Dubey, J. P. Lindsay, David S. TI Prevention of recrudescent toxoplasmic encephalitis using ponazuril in an immunodeficient mouse model SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; CELL-CULTURES; HAMMONDIA-HEYDORNI; IN-VITRO; MICE; TOLTRAZURIL; TACHYZOITES; INFECTIONS C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Farnam Co Inc, Phoenix, AZ USA. Bayer HealthCare Anim Hlth, Shawnee, KS USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S164 EP S165 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00217.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900064 PM 17169046 ER PT J AU James, JJ Alder, NN Muhling, KH Lauchli, AE Shackel, KA Donovan, LA Richards, JH AF James, JJ Alder, NN Muhling, KH Lauchli, AE Shackel, KA Donovan, LA Richards, JH TI High apoplastic solute concentrations in leaves alter water relations of the halophytic shrub, Sarcobatus vermiculatus SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Visible Plant Cell - Biosensors and Bioreporters Conference CY MAR 20-23, 2005 CL Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, ENGLAND HO Univ Sheffield DE apoplast; Great Basin; nanolitre osmometer; predawn water potential; pressure probe; salinity; solute potential; turgor ID SALT TOLERANCE; CHRYSOTHAMNUS-NAUSEOSUS; TURGOR PRESSURE; BARLEY LEAVES; PREDAWN PLANT; CELL TURGOR; SOIL; LEAF; SALINITY; GROWTH AB Predawn plant water potential (Psi(w)) is used to estimate soil moisture available to plants because plants are expected to equilibrate with the root-zone Psi(w). Although this equilibrium assumption provides the basis for interpreting many physiological and ecological parameters, much work suggests predawn plant Psi(w) is often more negative than root-zone soil Psi(w). For many halophytes even when soils are well-watered and night-time shoot and root water loss eliminated, predawn disequilibrium (PDD) between leaf and soil Psi(w) can exceed 0.5 MPa. A model halophyte, Sarcobatus vermiculatus, was used to test the predictions that low predawn solute potential (Psi(s)) in the leaf apoplast is a major mechanism driving PDD and that low Psi(s) is due to high Na(+) and K(+) concentrations in the leaf apoplast. Measurements of leaf cell turgor (Psi(p)) and solute potential (Psi(s)) of plants grown under a range of soil salinities demonstrated that predawn symplast Psi(w) was 1.7 to 2.1 MPa more negative than predawn xylem Psi(w), indicating a significant negative apoplastic Psi(s). Measurements on isolated apoplastic fluid indicated that Na(+) concentrations in the leaf apoplast ranged from 80 to 230 mM, depending on salinity, while apoplastic K(+) remained around 50 mM. The water relations measurements suggest that without a low apoplastic Psi(s), predawn Psi(p) may reach pressures that could cause cell damage. It is proposed that low predawn apoplastic Psi(s) may be an efficient way to regulate Psi(p) in plants that accumulate high concentrations of osmotica or when plants are subject to fluctuating patterns of soil water availability. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu RI Muehling, Karl/L-6443-2014; Donovan, Lisa/H-4754-2016 OI Muehling, Karl/0000-0002-9922-6581; Donovan, Lisa/0000-0001-9814-0666 NR 63 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 112 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1093/jxb/erj016 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 997BE UT WOS:000234219200016 PM 16317037 ER PT J AU Christ, MM Ainsworth, EA Nelson, R Schurr, U Walter, A AF Christ, Maja M. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Nelson, Randall Schurr, Ulrich Walter, Achim TI Anticipated yield loss in field-grown soybean under elevated ozone can be avoided at the expense of leaf growth during early reproductive growth stages in favourable environmental conditions SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; global atmospheric change; Glycine max; leaf growth; photosynthesis; stomatal density ID OPEN-AIR ELEVATION; GLYCINE-MAX; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; CO2 ASSIMILATION; ENRICHMENT FACE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXPOSURE; TRANSLOCATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE AB Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent which is responsible for more damage to vegetation than any other air pollutant. In this study, leaf growth, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate content were analysed during the seed-filling growth stage of field-grown soybeans exposed to ambient air and 1.2 times ambient ozone concentration using a Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) facility. By contrast to predictions based on control led-environment and open-top chamber studies, final yield did not differ between treatments, although the cultivar used here was sensitive to ozone damage: growth and carbohydrate content of upper canopy leaves was reduced during the seed-filling stage in which an ozone-induced decrease of photosynthesis was present. However, 2004 was an ideal growing season in central Illinois and the cumulative ozone indices were lower than in previous years. Still, the results indicate that the anticipated yield loss under ozone concentrations was avoided at the expense of leaf growth, as reserves were diverted from vegetative to reproductive organs. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG3 Phytosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Pathol Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Walter, A (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG3 Phytosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM a.walter@fz-juelich.de RI Walter, Achim/N-8392-2013 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2267 EP 2275 DI 10.1093/jxb/erj199 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 068QO UT WOS:000239389700014 PM 16798846 ER PT J AU Sayaslan, A Seib, PA Chung, OK AF Sayaslan, A Seib, PA Chung, OK TI Wet-milling properties of waxy wheat flours by two laboratory methods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE waxy wheat flour; wet-milling; starch and gluten separation ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PENTOSANS; WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PASTING PROPERTIES; DOUGH PROPERTIES; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; UNEXTRACTABLE SOLIDS; AMYLOSE CONTENT; LIPID CONTENTS AB Straight-grade flours roller-milled from seven waxy and two control (nonwaxy and partial waxy) wheats (Triticum aestivitm) were wet-milled by dough-washing (DW) and dough-dispersion and centrifugation (DD&C) methods to give starch, gluten, tailings, and water-solubles fractions. Compared to the controls, flour yields of the waxy wheats were lower. The waxy flours contained more crude fat and pentosans and less total starch. Gluten proteins of the waxy flours appeared to be weaker. By the DW method, both of the controls but only two of the seven waxy flours could be wet-milled. The remaining five waxy flours failed in the DW method as their doughs lost cohesiveness and elasticity during kneading and washing under water. Those waxy flours were instead wet-milled by the modified DW method, where the doughs were gently hand-rubbed on a 125-tm opening screen to facilitate the passage of the starch and water-solubles through while retaining the gluten agglomerates on the screen. The prime starch and tailings of the waxy flours were not separated as visibly as those of the controls during their centrifugal purification, which in turn led to a reduction in yields and purities of their prime starch and gluten fractions. On the other hand, the wet-milling characteristics of the waxy flours by the DD&C method were comparable to those of the controls because the DD&C method is apparently less dependent than the DW method on the gluten aggregation traits of flours. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Dept Food Engn, TR-60240 Tokat, Turkey. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Sayaslan, A (reprint author), Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Dept Food Engn, TR-60240 Tokat, Turkey. EM sayaslan@gop.edu.tr NR 89 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 2 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.11.033 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 969CK UT WOS:000232210800007 ER PT J AU Hinton, A AF Hinton, A TI Growth of Campylobacter in media supplemented with organic acids SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; IN-VITRO; JEJUNI; VEILLONELLA; ENTERITIDIS; INHIBITION; CHICKENS; LACTOSE AB The growth of Campylobacter spp. in media supplemented with organic acids was examined. A Bioscreen C Microbiology Reader was used to measure growth of cultures incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h in a tryptose-yeast extract basal broth medium and in basal broth supplemented with 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mM citric, fumaric, lactic, malic, or succinic acid. Growth of three of six isolates was significantly greater (P <= 0.05) in media supplemented with 20 to 50 mM citric acid than in nonsupplemented media, growth of five of six isolates was significantly greater in media supplemented with 10 to 50 mM succinic acid than in nonsupplemented media, and growth of six of six isolates was significantly greater in media supplemented with 10 to 50 mM fumaric or malic acid or with 20 to 50 mM lactic acid than in nonsupplemented media. Isolates were also cultured in basal media supplemented with a mixture of 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mM fumaric, malic, lactic, and succinic acids. Results indicated that the growth of all Campylobacter isolates was significantly greater in media supplemented with mixtures containing each of these organic acids at 10 to 40 mM than in nonsupplemented media. These findings indicate that in vitro growth of Campylobacter spp. may be significantly enhanced in media supplemented with organic acids that support the growth of these bacteria. C1 USDA, ARS, Poultry Proc Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Poultry Proc Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 000VG UT WOS:000234489900007 PM 16416898 ER PT J AU Luchansky, JB Cocoma, G Call, JE AF Luchansky, JB Cocoma, G Call, JE TI Hot water postprocess pasteurization of cook-in-bag turkey breast treated with and without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and acidified sodium chlorite for control of Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Meeting of the International-Association-for-Food-Protection CY AUG, 2004 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Int Assoc Food Protect ID VACUUM-SEALED PACKAGES; THERMAL INACTIVATION; ENHANCED INHIBITION; EXTENDED STORAGE; 5-STRAIN MIXTURE; FROZEN STORAGE; MEAT-PRODUCTS; FRANKFURTERS; BEEF; DESTRUCTION AB Surface pasteurization and food-grade chemicals were evaluated for the ability to control listeriae postprocess on cookin-bag turkey breasts (CIBTB). Individual CIBTB were obtained directly from a commercial manufacturer and surface inoculated (20 ml) with a five-strain cocktail (ca. 7.0 log) of Listeria innocua. In each of two trials, the product was showered or submerged for up to 9 min with water heated to 190, 197, or 205 degrees F (ca. 87.8, 91.7, or 96.1 degrees C) in a commercial pasteurization tunnel. Surviving listeriae were recovered from CIBTB by rinsing and were then enumerated on modified Oxford agar plates following incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 h. As expected, higher water temperatures and longer residence times resulted in a greater reduction of L. innocua. A ca. 2.0-log reduction was achieved within 3 min at 205 and 197 degrees F and within 7 min at 190 degrees F In related experiments, the following treatments were evaluated for control of Listeria monocytogenes on CIBTB: (i) a potassium lactate-sodium diacetate solution (1.54% potassium lactate and 0.11 % sodium diacetate) added to the formulation in the mixer and 150 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite applied to the surface with a pipette, or (ii) a potassium lactate-sodium diacetate solution only, or (iii) no potassium lactate-sodium diacetate solution and no acidified sodium chlorite. Each CIBTB was inoculated (20 ml) with ca. 5 log CFU of a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes and then vacuum sealed. In each of two trials, half of the CIBTB were exposed to 203 F water for 3 min in a pasteurization tunnel, and the other half of the CIBTB were not; then, all CIBTB were stored at 4 C for up to 60 days, and L. monocytogenes was enumerated by direct plating onto modified Oxford agar. Heating resulted in an initial reduction of ca. 2 log CFU of L. monocytogenes per CIBTB. For heated CIBTB, L. monocytogenes increased by ca. 2 log CFU per CIBTB in 28 (treatment 1), 28 (treatment 2), and 14 (treatment 3) days. Thereafter, pathogen levels reached ca. 7 log CFU per CIBTB in 45, 45, and 21 days for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In contrast, for nonheated CIBTB, L. monocytogenes levels increased from ca. 5 log CFU per CIBTB to ca. 7 log CFU per CIBTB in 28, 21, and 14 days for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Lastly, in each of three trials, we tested the effect of hot water (203 F for 3 min) postprocess pasteurization of inoculated CIBTB on the lethality of L. monocytogenes and validated that it resulted in a 1.8-log reduction in pathogen levels. Collectively, these data establish that hot water postprocess pasteurization alone is effective in reducing L. monocytogenes on the surface of CIBTB. However, as used in this study, the potassium lactate-sodium diacetate solution and acidified sodium chlorite were only somewhat effective at controlling the subsequent outgrowth of this pathogen during refrigerated storage. C1 USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Profess Resource Org, Edmond, OK 73003 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jluchansky@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 000VG UT WOS:000234489900008 PM 16416899 ER PT J AU Murphy, RY Hanson, RE Johnson, NR Chappa, K Berrang, ME AF Murphy, RY Hanson, RE Johnson, NR Chappa, K Berrang, ME TI Combining organic acid treatment with steam pasteurization to eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on fully cooked frankfurters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID THERMAL INACTIVATION; INNOCUA; SALMONELLA; VACUUM; 4-DEGREES-C; LETHALITY; PRODUCTS; POULTRY; SURFACE; GROWTH AB An organic acid solution of 2% acetic, 1 % lactic, 0.1% propionic, and 0.1% benzoic acids was combined with steam surface pasteurization to treat frankfurters during vacuum packaging to eliminate potential postcook contamination with Listeria monocytogenes. The thermal lethality of L. monocytogenes from steam was evaluated at an inoculation concentration of 1 to 6 log CFU/cm(2). About 3-log reductions of L. monocytogenes were achieved when frankfurters were treated by steam for 1.5 s. Combining organic acid treatment with steam pasteurization further inhibited the growth of surviving L monocytogenes cells for 19 and 14 weeks when the packaged frankfurters were stored at 4 and 7 degrees C, respectively. The results from this study provide meat processors with useful information for controlling L. monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meats. C1 Alkar RapidPak Inc, Lodi, WI 53555 USA. USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Murphy, RY (reprint author), Alkar RapidPak Inc, Lodi, WI 53555 USA. EM rong.murphy@alkar.com NR 27 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 000VG UT WOS:000234489900009 PM 16416900 ER PT J AU Sheffield, C Andrews, K Harvey, R Crippen, T Nisbet, D AF Sheffield, C Andrews, K Harvey, R Crippen, T Nisbet, D TI Dereplication by automated ribotyping of a competitive exclusion culture bacterial isolate library SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; SALMONELLA; PIGS AB Concerns over the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the food animal industry have intensified the search for natural approaches to the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases. Competitive exclusion cultures are the foundation of a disease-management strategy based on the use of benign bacterial strains to prevent the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within a specific host. Differentiation of phenotypically ambiguous isolates is a critical step in establishing a manageable library of bacteria for use in the development of defined competitive exclusion cultures. We used automated ribotyping techniques to dereplicate a large collection of phenotypically ambiguous isolates from a continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture. A total of 157 isolates were screened following an EcoRI restriction enzyme digestion. The 157 isolates were resolved into 23 ribogroups, which represents an 85% reduction in the number of isolates in the bacterial isolate library. Seventy-six percent of the isolates fit into one of five ribogroups. This work demonstrated that automated ribotyping is an effective and efficient tool for dereplication of diverse bacterial isolate libraries. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Sheffield, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM sheffield@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 228 EP 232 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 000VG UT WOS:000234489900034 PM 16416925 ER PT J AU Ferreira, DW Haytowitz, DB Tassinari, MA Peterson, JW Booth, SL AF Ferreira, DW Haytowitz, DB Tassinari, MA Peterson, JW Booth, SL TI Vitamin K contents of grains, cereals, fast-food breakfasts, and baked goods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vitamin K; phylloquinone; cereals; grains; food composition ID PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; DIETARY-INTAKE; CONVERSION; OILS AB Accurate dietary assessment of vitamin K requires representative food composition data for specific geographical regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the contents of 3 different forms of vitamin K (phylloquinone [K1], 2',3'-dihydrophylloquinone [dK], and menaquinone-4 [MK-4]) in representative grains, cereals, and baked goods, including breakfast foods, in the U.S. food supply. Samples were obtained as part of USDA's Natl. Food and Nutrient Analysis Program and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Overall, breads, grains, and breakfast cereals were limited sources of K1 (range: nondetectable [ND] to 11.2 mu g/100 g), with a wide range in dK (range: ND to 47.0 mu g/100 g). In contrast, processed foods, such as fast-food breakfast sandwiches and baked goods, contain wide ranges of K1 (0.9 to 39.3 mu g/100 g) and dK (ND to 72.2 mu g/100 g). For any given food, K1 concentrations clustered within a narrow range, whereas dK concentrations had a wide range for a given food, suggestive of divergent use of hydrogenated oils in the manufacturing process. Low MK-4 concentrations (1.8 to 4.0 mu g/100 g) were detected in meat- and cheese-containing breakfast foods and certain pie crusts. These data suggest that processed foods that contain K1-rich plant oils are a source of K1 and dK in the U.S. food supply. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1 BP S66 EP S70 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 011VS UT WOS:000235297200032 ER PT J AU Vokoun, M Amacher, GS Wear, DN AF Vokoun, M Amacher, GS Wear, DN TI Scale of harvesting by non-industrial private forest landowners SO JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern Forest Econcomics Workshop CY 2002 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP SE Resource Assessment Consortium, USDA Forest Serv SE Station DE non-industrial private forest landowners; timber supply; stated preferences ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; OWNERS; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; VALUES; LAND AB We examine the intensity of harvesting decision by non-industrial landowners at the lowest price offer they deem acceptable, using a multiple bounded discrete choice stated preference approach that draws upon and connects two subfields of forestry, one identifying characteristics of landowners important to past harvesting or reforestation decisions, and another proposing how landowners evaluate price offers for forest harvesting decisions. Variables important to harvest intensity choices when the landowners find an acceptable price have only been considered for those landowners who actually have participated in harvesting markets, whereas here we examine the behavior of these individuals as well as those who are on the margin (i.e., have not harvested at prevailing current or past market prices). We show that harvest intensity depends critically on the extent of urbanization, indicated by the presence of structures on a parcel as well as forested tract size, along with landowner characteristics such its absenteeism and length of ownership. The results are useful for understanding the timber management behavior for a majority of landowners who may not harvest at prevailing prices, but may participate should prices reach a level acceptable to them, where this level is determined by individual preferences for standing timber resources. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Amacher, GS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gamacher@vt.edu NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1104-6899 J9 J FOREST ECON JI J. For. Econ. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 4 BP 223 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jfe.2005.10.002 PG 22 WC Economics; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA 004WQ UT WOS:000234783700003 ER PT J AU Pilz, D Molina, R Mayo, J AF Pilz, D Molina, R Mayo, J TI Effects of thinning young forests on chanterelle mushroom production SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE chanterelle productivity; Cantharellus; young stand thinning; nontimber forest products ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB Chanterelle productivity responses were investigated in a replicated, landscape-scale thinning experiment in 50-year-old Douglas-fir stands in the Cascade Range of Oregon. Chanterelle numbers and weight were significantly decreased by thinning the first year after logging, more so in heavily thinned stands than lightly thinned stands for chanterelle numbers. Nearly all evidence of differences in chanterelle productivity among thinning treatment means disappeared within 6 years. Management implications and mitigation measures are discussed. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, McKenzie Bridge, OR 97413 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Willamette Natl Forest, McKenzie River Ranger Dist, McKenzie Bridge, OR 97413 USA. RP Pilz, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.pilz@oregonstate.edu; rmolina@fs.fed.us; jmayo@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 013LZ UT WOS:000235412100002 ER PT J AU Greene, JL Bullard, SH Cushing, TL Beauvais, T AF Greene, JL Bullard, SH Cushing, TL Beauvais, T TI Effect of the federal estate tax on nonindustrial private forest holdings SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nonindustrial private forests; estate tax; forest conversion; Dillman Total Design Method AB Data for this study were collected using a questionnaire mailed to randomly selected members of two forest owner organizations. Among the key findings is that 38% of forest estates owed federal estate tax, a rate many times higher than US estates in general. In 28% of the cases where estate tax was due, timber or land was sold because other assets were not adequate. In 29% of the cases where land was sold, it was converted to a more developed use. Questionnaires also were mailed to randomly selected individuals from a national database of rural landowners for comparison With forest owners. For most of the characteristics surveyed, there was no statistical difference between responses from the two groups. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Greene, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 701 Loyola Ave,Room T-10034, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. EM jgreene01@fs.fed.us; steve.bullard@uky.edu; tlcush@uky.edu; tbeauvais@fs.fed.us RI Cushing, Tamara/C-9744-2013 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 013LZ UT WOS:000235412100003 ER PT J AU Mason, CL Lippke, BR Zobrist, KW Bloxton, TD Ceder, KR Comnick, JM McCarter, JB Rogers, HK AF Mason, CL Lippke, BR Zobrist, KW Bloxton, TD Ceder, KR Comnick, JM McCarter, JB Rogers, HK TI Investments in fuel removals to avoid forest fires result in substantial benefits SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest fuels; nonmarket values; small-diameter logs; cost/benefit analysis; forest fires AB Forest fuel reduction treatments are needed, as shown by the increased number and cost of devastating crown fires in overly dense forests. Although large trees can be removed for valuable products, the market value for the smaller logs may be less than the harvest and hauling charges, resulting in a net cost for thinning operations. However, failure to remove these small logs results in the retention of ladder fuels that support crown fires with destructive impacts to the forest landscape. A cost/benefit analysis broadened to include market and nonmarket considerations indicates that the negative impacts of crown fires are underestimated and that the benefits of government investments in fuel reductions are substantial. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Nature Conservancy, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. RP Mason, CL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM larrym@u.washington.edu; blippke@u.washington.edu; kzobr@u.washington.edu; tbloxton@fs.fed.us; thuja@u.washington.edu; jcomnick@u.washington.edu; jmac@u.washington.edu; hrogers@tnc.org NR 18 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 013LZ UT WOS:000235412100005 ER PT J AU Leder, EH Danzmann, RG Ferguson, MM AF Leder, EH Danzmann, RG Ferguson, MM TI The candidate gene, Clock, localizes to a strong spawning time quantitative trait locus region in rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Wanda Landowska; Pleyel; historical harpsichords ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; SOMATIC GROWTH; LINKAGE MAP; MELATONIN; EXPRESSION; MATURATION; BRAIN C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Leder, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 1861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM eleder@nccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013 OI Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290 NR 36 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1093/jhered/esj004 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 011RH UT WOS:000235285300010 PM 16407529 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Lawson, R Lee, JS Suh, JK Criley, RA Apavatjrut, P AF Roh, MS Lawson, R Lee, JS Suh, JK Criley, RA Apavatjrut, P TI Evaluation of Curcuma as potted plants and cut flowers SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALISMATIFOLIA GAGNEP.; ZINGIBERACEAE AB Sixteen accessions of Curcuma germplasm that included C alismatifolia 'Chiang Mai Pink', and 'Lady Di' and C thorelii 'Chiang Mai Snow' and C. alismatifolia 'Pink', C parviflora 'White Angel', and C sp. 'CMU Pride' were evaluated for use as potted plants or as cut flowers. All cultivars of C alismatifolia and C thorelii 'Chiang Mai Snow' were considered suitable for cut-flower and pot-plant use, respectively. C parviflora 'White Angel' also proved to be a suitable cultivar for potted plant production. Optimum storage temperatures for rhizomes in relation to greenhouse forcing and ethanol-soluble glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations were determined. Storing rhizomes at 25'-30 degrees C for 2-3 months after harvest is recommended to break dormancy. Plants of C. parviflora 'White Angel' flowered 50-89 d after potting and can be used as potted plants. Plants of C. alismatifolia flowered 96-133 d after potting, with floral stem-lengths suitable as cut flowers. High levels of boron or manganese were correlated with burn symptoms at the margins of the leaves ['leaf-margin burn' ('LMB')] and were observed in old leaves of 'CMU Pride' at flowering. Levels of ethanol-soluble fructose, glucose and sucrose in the tuberous roots of Curcuma were higher than the levels in rhizomes, and increased as storage temperatures increased. Accelerated leaf emergence from rhizomes stored at 30 degrees C took 1.6 d and was associated with increases in glucose and fructose contents. Very similar morphological characters between C thorelii 'Chiang Mai Snow' and C. parviflora 'White Angel' emphasised that identification of Curcuma accessions using DNA-markers is required for future studies. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Hort, Taejon 305764, South Korea. ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Planst Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dankook Univ, Coll Bioresources Sci, Lab Floriculture, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Dept Hort, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Hort, HM Kings Initiat Ctr, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Hort, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM joslee@cnu.ac.kr NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 008WY UT WOS:000235072600011 ER PT J AU Fleisher, DH Logendra, LS Moraru, C Both, AJ Cavazzoni, J Gianfagna, T Lee, TC Janes, HW AF Fleisher, DH Logendra, LS Moraru, C Both, AJ Cavazzoni, J Gianfagna, T Lee, TC Janes, HW TI Effect of temperature perturbations on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) quality and production scheduling SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROPPING SYSTEM; FRUIT-QUALITY; GROWTH; YIELD; COMPONENTS; MODEL; LOAD AB Controlled environment experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of a 2-week change in air temperature imposed after first fruit-set on tomato production scheduling and on the quality of vine-ripened fruit. Experiments were conducted with hydroponically-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. 'Laura'). Air temperature was altered from control day/night temperature values of 23 degrees/18 degrees C for a 2-week period starting 10 d after fruit-set. Plants were returned to the 23 degrees/18 degrees C temperature and a minimum of eight fruits per treatment were harvested at three ripening stages, breaker (when 25% of the fruit skin had acquired a red tint), breaker plus 3 d, and breaker plus 6 d. A perturbation of +/- 5 degrees C (28 degrees/23 degrees C and 18 degrees/13 degrees C) was used in two Experiments (E1 and E2) and +/- C degrees (30 degrees/25 degrees C and 16 degrees/11 degrees C) was used in a third Experiment (E3). Fruits were more responsive to an increase than to a decrease in temperature. Reductions in days to harvest (from 3.1-8.5 d) and fruit fresh weight at later stages of vine-ripening were observed for the high temperature treatments. Colour indices, soluble solids contents (SSC), acidity and viscosity at each ripening stage were significantly affected by high temperature treatments. The results indicate that short-term temperature perturbations following first fruit-set can influence the rates at which changes occurred in the external appearance of fruit (colour) and in their internal characteristics. The results can be used to improve environmental control and management strategies for tomato growers. C1 ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Fleisher, DH (reprint author), ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, BARC, West Bldg 1 Room 342,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dfleishe@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 008WY UT WOS:000235072600019 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Alonso, CV AF Bennett, Sean J. Alonso, Carlos V. TI Turbulent flow and bed pressure within headcut scour holes due to plane reattached jets SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE headcuts; jets; scour; soil erosion; turbulence; wall pressure ID WALL-JET; SOIL-EROSION; CONCENTRATED FLOWS; MIGRATION; OVERFALL; IMPINGEMENT; STRESS; GROWTH AB Soil erosion remains the principle cause of soil degradation worldwide, and the development and migration of headcuts in rills, crop furrows, and gullies can significantly increase soil losses on hillslopes, upland areas, and agricultural fields. Experiments were conducted to define the time-mean turbulent flow characteristics within fixed headcut scour holes typical of upland concentrated flows and to assess the distribution of these flow and pressure parameters for discrete areas of the scour hole domain. These data show that: (1) flow within headcut scour holes is analogous to plane turbulent reattached wall jets; (2) turbulence maxima are associated with the jet entry, recirculation eddies, and flow reattachment; (3) turbulent velocities are distributed asymmetrically about the free jet axis within the scour hole; (4) turbulent velocities associated with the reattached wall jet display good similarity collapse when scaled with the jet entry velocity; and (5) distributions of wall pressure near reattachment agree well with a similarity argument derived for impinging jets. This study supports the use and application of a jet impingement approach for modeling flow and soil erosion in upland concentrated flows due to headcut development and migration. Moreover, it is suggested that velocity-gradient shear, turbulent shear, and near-bed pressure gradients all are involved in soil erosion within headcut scour holes. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM seanb@buffalo.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 510 EP 521 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 080SS UT WOS:000240269100007 ER PT J AU Morimoto, M Morimoto, M Zhao, AP Madden, KB Dawson, H Finkelman, FD Mentink-Kane, M Urban, JF Wynn, TA Shea-Donohue, T AF Morimoto, M Morimoto, M Zhao, AP Madden, KB Dawson, H Finkelman, FD Mentink-Kane, M Urban, JF Wynn, TA Shea-Donohue, T TI Functional importance of regional differences in localized gene expression of receptors for IL-13 in murine gut SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; STAT6; COLITIS; MICE; RECEPTOR-ALPHA-2; INFLAMMATION; DISEASE AB IL-13 induces a STAT6-dependent hypercontractility of intestinal smooth muscle that is mediated by binding to the IL-13R alpha 1 component of the type 2 IL-4R that is linked to STAT6. IL-13 also binds to the IL-13R alpha 2 that is not linked to STAT6 and functions to limit the effects of IL-13 in vivo. In this study we assessed the contributions of regional and cellular differences in the distribution of the IL-13R components to the physiological regulation of smooth muscle function in wild-type mice and mice deficient in STAT6 or IL-13R alpha 2. The expression of IL-13 and IL-13R alpha 2 was higher in colon than in small intestine. Laser capture microdissection of specific cell types revealed that the expression of IL-13R alpha 2 was higher in the smooth muscle layer compared with levels in the epithelial cells of the mucosa. In contrast, there was a uniform distribution of 11-13 alpha 1 in smooth muscle, epithelia, and myenteric neurons. The significant hypercontractility of smooth muscle in mice deficient in IL-13R alpha 2, but not in STAT6, shows the physiological importance of IL-13 binding to IL-13R alpha 2. The pronounced differences in the expression of IL-13R alpha 2 suggest that the gut has developed sophisticated mechanisms for controlling the physiological and pathophysiological activities of IL-13. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nutrit Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Yamaguchi Univ, Fac Agr, Lab, Yamaguchi 753, Japan. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Cincinnati Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. NIAID, Div Parasitol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, 20 Penn St,HSFII,Room S351, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tdonohue@mbrc.umaryland.edu RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI/DK-49316, R01 AI049316]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK049316] NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 1 BP 491 EP 495 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 997QU UT WOS:000234262600056 PM 16365442 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Nichols, NN Dien, BS Cotta, MA AF Liu, SQ Nichols, NN Dien, BS Cotta, MA TI Metabolic engineering of a Lactobacillus plantarum double ldh knockout strain for enhanced ethanol production SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethanol fermentation; metabolic engineering; lactic acid bacteria; pyruvate decarboxylase; Sarcina ventriculi ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE; SARCINA-VENTRICULI; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENES; LACTOCOCCUS; PH; FERMENTATIONS; EXPRESSION AB Lactobacillus plantarum ferments glucose through the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway: the central metabolite pyruvate is converted into lactate via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). By substituting LDH with pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity, pyruvate-may be redirected toward ethanol production instead of lactic acid fermentation. A PDC gene from the Gram-positive bacterium Sarcina ventriculi (Spdc) was introduced into an LDH-deficient strain, L. plantarum TF103, in which both the ldhL and ldhD genes were inactivated. Four different fusion genes between Spdc and either the S. ventriculi promoter or three Lactococcus lactis promoters in pTRKH2 were introduced into TF103. PDC activity was detected in all four recombinant strains. The engineered strains were examined for production of ethanol and other metabolites in flask fermentations. The recombinant strains grew slightly faster than the parent TF103 and produced 90-130 mM ethanol. Although slightly more ethanol was observed, carbon flow was not significantly improved toward ethanol, suggesting that a further understanding of this organism's metabolism is necessary. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lius@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/s10295-005-0001-3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 012GT UT WOS:000235327000001 PM 16193282 ER PT J AU Kim, YM Lee, GH Yeo, YG Kim, IH Miyashita, K Hou, CT Kang, SC Kim, HR AF Kim, YM Lee, GH Yeo, YG Kim, IH Miyashita, K Hou, CT Kang, SC Kim, HR TI The effect of bio-converted polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oxidation of TAG containing highly unsaturated fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxidation; Pseudonionas aeruginosa; bio-conversion; hydroxy fatty acid ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; RICE BLAST DISEASE; LINOLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; OLEIC-ACID; PLANT; INTERMEDIATE; CONVERSION; COMPOUND AB Microbial modification of vegetable fatty acids can often lead to special changes in their structure and in biological function. A bacterial strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, is known to carry out multiple hydroxylations on polyunsaturated fatty acids containing 1,4-cis, cis diene structural units, resulting in antibacterial activity. In this paper, in an effort to understand the overall mechanism involved in the varied biological functions of the complicated metabolites of bio-converted polyunsaturated fatty acids, we performed bio-conversion of several polyunsaturated fatty acids using PR3, and determined their oxidative activities against fish oil. Bio-converted linoleic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, and docosahexanoic acid promoted effectively oxidation of fish oil. It is assumed that this oxidative effect could plausibly play an important role in the antimicrobial function of these bio-converted fatty acids. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Korea Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Div Marine Biosci, Lab Biofunct Mat Chem, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. Daegu Univ, Div Food Biol & Chem Engn, Taegu 712714, South Korea. RP Kim, HR (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM hakrkim@knu.ac.kr RI Miyashita, Kazuo/C-4600-2012 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s10295-005-0037-4 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 012GT UT WOS:000235327000003 PM 16179983 ER PT J AU Pereira, R Teal, PEA Sivinski, J Dueben, BD AF Pereira, R Teal, PEA Sivinski, J Dueben, BD TI Influence of male presence on sexual maturation in female Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE oocytes; male signals; sexual maturation; visual cue ID FLIES DIPTERA; DROSOPHILA; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; SIGNALS AB The presence of males was shown to affect the rate of female ovarian development in the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Virgin females were maintained either in the absence or presence of males. Those sharing a common space with males had either visual contact with the opposite sex or no visual contact. Three strains of Caribbean fruit fly were tested: mass reared strain (flies in colony for more than 20 years); semi-wild strain, flies recently adapted to the laboratory conditions (ca. 12 months); and a wild strain collected in the field. We found that: (1) Mass reared, semi-wild, and wild strains had different female maturation rates, as measured by the presence of mature oocytes, regardless of male presence. (2) Male presence accelerated maturation in wild females and to a lesser extent in semi-wild flies, but had no effect on the long-domesticated mass reared strain. (3) A barrier between female and male cages removed any possibility of visual communication but had no effect on the males' effect on female maturation. We discuss the adaptive significance of facultative ovarian maturation and the use of male-produced cues to regulate sexual development, and comment on the rapid rate of selection on female maturation under mass-rearing conditions. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Pereira, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 970 Nat Area Dr,POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ruip@ufl.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s10905-005-9011-2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 034YX UT WOS:000236967900003 ER PT J AU Shelton, TG Hu, XP Appel, AG Wagner, TL AF Shelton, TG Hu, XP Appel, AG Wagner, TL TI Flight speed of tethered Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) alates SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE insect flight; termites; Reticulitermes flavipes; flight speed; mass scaling; alate ID FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; NASUTITERMES-CORNIGER; COLONIES; FLORIDA; INTRACOLONY; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE; SHIRAKI; HAWAII AB Alates of the Eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) were collected over two flight seasons (2002 and 2004) and flown on flight mills. Data were collected to test if alate mass, colony origin, or gender influenced flight speed. Flight speed ranged from 3.14 to 69.12 cm s(-1) and the maximum distance flown by an alate was 458.3 m. Alate mass (P = 0.9406), gender (P = 0.3976), colony origin (P = 0.1244), and the interaction of gender and colony (P = 0.7093) did not significantly influence flight speed. Additionally, an electronic counting device was used to provide instantaneous flight speeds and allowed flight speed to be modeled during acceleration, cruising, and deceleration periods of flight. Mean (+/- SEM) flight speeds in 2004 were 20.64 (+/- 2.21) cm s(-1) (n = 13) for males and 17.76 cm s(-1) (n = 1) for the single female flown, falling within the range of the 2002 values. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Shelton, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS-4502,201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM tshelton@fs.fed.us RI Hu, Xing Ping/A-4481-2008 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s10905-005-9012-1 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 034YX UT WOS:000236967900009 ER PT J AU Mohan, S Ma, PWK Pechan, T Bassford, ER Williams, WP Luthe, DS AF Mohan, S Ma, PWK Pechan, T Bassford, ER Williams, WP Luthe, DS TI Degradation of the S. frugiperda peritrophic matrix by an inducible maize cysteine protease SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn; cysteine protease; plant defense; Lepidoptera; peritrophic matrix ID HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; FALL ARMYWORM; CATHEPSIN-L; PERMEABILITY; PROTEINASE; MEMBRANE; MIDGUT; ENVELOPE; DEFENSE; LARVAE AB A unique 33-kDa cysteine protease (Mir1-CP) rapidly accumulates at the feeding site in the whorls of maize (Zea mays L.) lines that are resistant to herbivory by Spodoptera frugiperda and other lepidopteran species. When larvae were reared on resistant plants, larval growth was reduced due to impaired nutrient utilization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the peritrophic matrix (PM) was damaged when larvae fed on resistant plants or transgenic maize callus expressing Mir1-CP. To directly determine the effects of Mir1-CP on the PM in vitro, dissected PMs were treated with purified, recombinant Mir1-CP and the movement of Blue Dextran 2000 across the PM was measured. Mir1-CP completely permeabilized the PM and the time required to reach full permeability was inversely proportional to the concentration of Mir1-CP. Inclusion of E64, a specific cysteine protease inhibitor prevented the damage. The lumen side of the PM was more vulnerable to Mir1-CP attack than the epithelial side. Mir1-CP damaged the PM at pH values as high as 8.5 and more actively permeabilized the PM than equivalent concentrations of the cysteine proteases papain, bromelain and ficin. The effect of Mir1-CP on the PMs of Helicoverpa zea, Danaus plexippus, Ostrinia nubilalis, Periplaneta americana and Tenebrio molitor also was tested, but the greatest effect was on the S. frugiperda PM. These results demonstrate that the insect-inducible Mir1-CP directly damages the PM in vitro and is critical to insect defense in maize. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Dept Entomol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Life Sci & Biotechnol Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Luthe, DS (reprint author), Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Box 9659, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dsluthe@ra.msstate.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.08.011 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 011CN UT WOS:000235245400003 PM 16243350 ER PT J AU Burk, DH Zhong, RQ Morrison, WH Ye, ZH AF Burk, DH Zhong, RQ Morrison, WH Ye, ZH TI Disruption of cortical microtubules by overexpression of green fluorescent protein-tagged alpha-tubulin 6 causes a marked reduction in cell wall synthesis SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Arabidopsis Research in China CY 2002 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Arabidopsis thaliana; cell elongation; cell wall synthesis; cortical microtubules; microtubule organization ID CELLULOSE MICROFIBRIL ALIGNMENT; HANDED HELICAL GROWTH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT-CELLS; MORPHOGENESIS; ORGANIZATION; ORIENTATION; DEPOSITION; EXPANSION; MUTANT AB It has been known that the transverse orientation of cortical microtubules (MTs) along the elongation axis is essential for normal cell morphogenesis, but whether cortical MTs are essential for normal cell wall synthesis is still not clear. In the present study, we have investigated whether cortical MTs affect cell wall synthesis by direct alteration of the cortical MT organization in Arabidopsis thaliana. Disruption of the cortical MT organization by expression of an excess amount of green fluorescent protein-tagged alpha-tubulin 6 (GFP-TUA6) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants was found to cause a marked reduction in cell wall thickness and a decrease in the cell wall sugars glucose and xylose. Concomitantly, the stem strength of the GFP-TUA6 overexpressors was markedly reduced compared with the wild type. In addition, expression of excess GFP-TUA6 results in an alteration in cell morphogenesis and a severe effect on plant growth and development. Together, these results suggest that the proper organization of cortical MTs is essential for the normal synthesis of plant cell walls. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu RI Burk, David/D-2056-2009 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00202.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 001NH UT WOS:000234543100010 ER PT J AU Perera, OP Valles, SM Green, TB White, S Strong, CA Becnel, JJ AF Perera, OP Valles, SM Green, TB White, S Strong, CA Becnel, JJ TI Molecular analysis of an occlusion body protein from Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CuniNPV; nucleopolyhedrovirus of Culex nigripalpus; occlusion body protein; CUN085; baculovirus; temporal expression ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; ORGYIA-PSEUDOTSUGATA; BACULOVIRUS; SEQUENCES; PREDICTION; PROTEOMICS; DISORDER; GENOME; GENE; RNA AB CUN085 is an occlusion body (OB) protein from the nuleopolyhedrovirus of Culex nigripalptis (CuniNPV). SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the CuniNPV OB protein is about 3 times the size (similar to 90 kDa) of characterized nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPVs) and granulovirus 013 proteins. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), RNase protection assay, real-time PCR, and protein sequencing were used to characterize CUN085 from CuniNPV. RACE data revealed that the transcriptional start and termination sites for the CUN085 gene yielded a polypeptide comprised of 822 amino acids indicating that translation initiates within a larger 882 amino acid open reading frame that was originally predicted from the CuniNPV genome sequence. Transcription of CUN085 started at a consensus baculovirus late transcription start site TAAG at nucleotide position 75433 of the CuniNPV genome sequence. RNtase protection assays and quantitative real-time PCR show that the CUN085 transcript is first detected in mosquito larvae at approximately 6 It after infection with CuniNPV and its prevalence increased progressively over the subsequent 18 h. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM operera@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.10.009 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 002JJ UT WOS:000234607400006 PM 16376931 ER PT J AU Luzio, GA AF Luzio, GA TI Use of an evaporative light scattering detector coupled to MALLS for determination of polysaccharide molecular weights SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE evaporative light scattering; multi-angle light scattering ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTERDETECTOR VOLUME; PECTIN; SEC AB A method to calibrate and use an evaporative light scattering detector (ELS) as a mass detector for molecular weight determination of polysaccharides using a multi-angle laser light scattering detector (MALLS) is described. The calibration of the ELS is performed under isocratic conditions using concentration values obtained from an interferometric refractive index detector (RI). The observed response fit a power trendline (y = ax(b)) for the concentration response of the RI versus the voltage response of the ELS. The combined average log a coefficient was (5.472, s.d. = 0.020) and the average b coefficient was (1.372, s.d. = 0.004) for all the runs. Band broadening, which could occur between the detectors, was not observed and did not affect the calibration values. Without adjustment the ELS was used as a mass detector for MALLS to accurately determine molecular weights (MW) at elevated buffer concentrations. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. RP Luzio, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, POB 1909, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. EM gluzio@citrus.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 185 EP 201 DI 10.1080/10826070500416429 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 007LM UT WOS:000234970500004 ER PT J AU Mauldin, RE Primus, TM Buettgenbach, TA Johnston, JJ Linz, GM AF Mauldin, RE Primus, TM Buettgenbach, TA Johnston, JJ Linz, GM TI A simple HPLC method for the determination of chlorpyrifos in black oil sunflower seeds SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE sunflower; blackbirds; chlorpyrifos; CAS# 2921-88-2; Lorsban (R)-4e; high performance liquid chromatography; HPLC ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Damage to ripening sunflowers by blackbirds is an important agricultural problem in the northern Great Plains. In an effort to reduce crop loss by non-lethal means, several insecticidal formulations were evaluated for potential bird repellency. One formulation, Lorsban((R))-4E, was highly effective in feeding studies with caged blackbirds. Chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate pesticide) is a registered insecticide and acaricide commonly used to control insects on sunflower, and is the active ingredient in Lorsban((R))-4E. To support further evaluation of chlorpyrifos repellency in field trials, a rapid, simple, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analytical method was developed to assess residues in sunflower seeds, which had been aerially sprayed. Control black oil sunflower seeds were cryopulverized, fortified with chlorpyrifos at 0.50 mu g (.) g(-1) , 5.0 mu g (.) g(-1) , 50 mu g (.) g(-1) , and 500 mu g (.) g(-1) , and extracted in 90% acetonitrile/10% 1 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.5). Extracts were filtered and analyzed by reverse phase HPLC with UV detection at 230 nm, with one elution method for samples ranging from 5.00 mu g (.) g(-1) chlorpyrifos to < 500 mu g (.) g(-1) chlorpyrifos, and a second elution method for samples ranging from 0.500 mu g (.) g(-1) chlorpyrifos to > 95% for all fortified concentrations. The method limit of detection was 0.328 mu g (.) g(-1) and 0.221 mu g (.) g(-1) chlorpyrifos for Methods 1 and 2, respectively, and no chromatographic interferences were observed with either method. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, WS,Analyt Chem Project, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Mauldin, RE (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, WS,Analyt Chem Project, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.e.mauldin@aphis.usda.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1080/10826070500451863 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 007SR UT WOS:000234990500003 ER PT J AU Green, DW Gorman, TM Evans, JW Murphy, JF AF Green, DW Gorman, TM Evans, JW Murphy, JF TI Mechanical grading of round timber beams SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE elasticity; compression; vibration; beams; wood AB Current procedures used to sort round timber beams into structural grades rely on visual grading methods and property assignments based on modification of clear wood properties. This study provides the technical basis for mechanical grading of 228 mm (9 in.) diameter round timbers. Test results on 225 round Engelmann spruce-alpine fir-lodgepole pine beams demonstrate the conservative nature of current timber strength assignments. A good correlation was obtained between static bending strength and static modulus of elasticity (MOE), and between bending properties and dynamic MOE determined in transverse vibration. Relationships were also developed between compressive strength parallel to grain, bending strength, and MOE by transverse vibration. The property relationships developed in this study were used to propose grading criteria consistent with procedures used with mechanically graded softwood dimension lumber. Estimated grade yields obtained using the proposed criteria show that significant increases in yield might be obtained for a specified set of allowable properties than is currently possible by visual grading alone. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dwgreen@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:1(1) PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 004NQ UT WOS:000234759900001 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Nene, VM George, JE Barker, SC Willadsen, P AF Guerrero, FD Nene, VM George, JE Barker, SC Willadsen, P TI Sequencing a new target genome: The Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) genome project SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; genome sequence; gene identification; Babesia bovis; molecular genetics ID PUTATIVE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE CDNA; TICK AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; SALIVARY-GLAND EXTRACTS; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; RNA INTERFERENCE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; MEXICAN STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; LIVESTOCK AB The southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), causes annual economic losses in the hundreds of millions of dollars to cattle producers throughout the world, and ranks as the most economically important tick from a global perspective. Control failures attributable to the development of pesticide resistance have become commonplace, and novel control technologies are needed. The availability of the genome sequence will facilitate the development of these new technologies, and we are proposing sequencing to a 4-6X draft coverage. Many existing biological resources are available to facilitate a genome sequencing project, including several inbred laboratory tick strains, a database of approximate to 45,000 expressed sequence tags compiled into a B. microplus Gene Index, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, an established B. microplus cell line, and genomic DNA suitable for library synthesis. Collaborative projects are underway to map BACs and cDNAs to specific chromosomes and to sequence selected BAC clones. When completed, the genome sequences from the cow, B. microphis, and the B. microphis-borne pathogens Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale will enhance studies of host-vector-pathogen systems. Genes involved in the regeneration of amputated tick limbs and transitions through developmental stages are largely unknown. Studies of these and other interesting biological questions will be advanced by tick genome sequence data. Comparative genomics offers the prospect of new insight into many, perhaps all, aspects of the biology of ticks and the pathogens they transmit to farm animals and people. The B. microplus genome sequence will fill a major gap in comparative genomics: a sequence from the Metastriata lineage of ticks. The purpose of the article is to synergize interest in and provide rationales for sequencing the genome of B. microplus and for publicizing currently available genomic resources for this tick. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. CSIRO, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0009:SANTGT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 003RW UT WOS:000234700300002 PM 16506442 ER PT J AU James, AM Freier, JE Keirans, JE Durden, LA Mertins, JW Schlater, JL AF James, AM Freier, JE Keirans, JE Durden, LA Mertins, JW Schlater, JL TI Distribution, seasonality, and hosts of the Rocky Mountain wood tick in the United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermacentor andersoni; distribution; United States ID DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI TICKS; SCAPULARIS ACARI IXODIDAE; FEVER VIRUS; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; SPOTTED-FEVER; WESTERN MONTANA; COLORADO; ECOLOGY; CATTLE AB Anaplasma marginale Theiler is a tick-borne pathogen that causes anaplasmosis in cattle. There are approximate to 20 tick species worldwide that are implicated as vectors of this pathogen. In the United States, Dennacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say) are the principal vectors. The risk of transmission of anaplasmosis to cattle has been largely based on the distribution of D. andersoni in the United States. We developed a centralized geographic database that incorporates collection records for D. andersoni from two large national databases. We reviewed the geographic records in each database and postings from MEDLINE and AGRICOLA to produce a national county-level distribution map based on a total of 5,898 records. The records spanned the period from 1903 through 2001 with the majority between 1921 to 1940. Populations of D. andersoni were recorded from 267 counties in 14 states and were distinguished as either established or reported. We found 180 counties with established populations of D. andersoni and 87 counties with reported occurrences in 14 states with the majority of established populations reported from Montana, Idaho, and Oregon. D. andersoni populations in the United States currently extend from the western portions of Nebraska and the Dakotas westward to the Cascade Mountains and from the northern counties of Arizona and New Mexico northward to the Canadian border. The data will be useful for identifying regions at increased risk of acquiring anaplasmosis in the United States. Based upon the database collection records, we also present a summary of recorded hosts for D. andersoni and comments on its seasonal occurrence. C1 USDA APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP James, AM (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 41 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0017:DSAHOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 003RW UT WOS:000234700300003 PM 16506443 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Khrimian, A Debboun, M AF Klun, JA Khrimian, A Debboun, M TI Repellent and deterrent effects of SS220, Picaridin, and Deet suppress human blood feeding by Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Phlebotomus papatasi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; (1S, 2 ' S)-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide; 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidine carboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester; malaria vector; yellowfever mosquito ID PERSONAL PROTECTION; PRESSURIZED SPRAYS; MOSQUITO DIPTERA; FIELD-EVALUATION; PERMETHRIN; EFFICACY; ACARI; IXODIDAE; JACKET; TICKS AB A series of behavioral tests with Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles stephensi Liston, mosquitoes, and the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli in the presence of Deet, SS220, and Picaridin topically applied to the skin of human volunteers showed that the insects were deterred from feeding on and repelled from surfaces emanating the compounds. When offered a 12- or 24-cm(2) area of skin, one-half treated with compound and one-half untreated, the insects fed almost exclusively on untreated skin. The sand flies and mosquitoes did not at any time physically contact chemically treated surfaces. When treated and untreated skin areas were covered with cloth, insects contacted, landed, and bit only through cloth covering untreated skin. These observations provided evidence that the compounds deterred feeding and repelled insects from treated surfaces primarily as a result of olfactory sensing. When cloth, one-half untreated and one-half treated with chemical, was placed over untreated skin, insects only touched and specifically bit through the untreated cloth. This showed that the activity of the chemicals does not involve a chemical X skin interaction. In the presence of any of the three chemicals, no matter how they were presented to the insects, overall population biting activity was reduced by about one-half relative to controls. This reduction showed a true repellent effect for the compounds. Results clearly showed that Deet, SS220, and Picaridin exert repellent and deterrent effects upon the behavior of mosquitoes and sand flies. Heretofore, the combined behavioral effects of these compounds upon mosquito and sand fly behavior were unknown. Moreover, protection afforded by Deet, SS220, and Picaridin against the feeding of these three disease vectors on humans is mechanistically a consequence of the two chemical effects. C1 USDA ARS, BA, PSI, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Acad Hlth Sci, Med Zool Branch, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BA, PSI, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0034:RADEOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 003RW UT WOS:000234700300005 PM 16506445 ER PT J AU Oliveira, ACM Bechtel, PJ AF Oliveira, ACM Bechtel, PJ TI Lipid analysis of fillets from giant grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis), arrow-tooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; SEPARATION AB In Alaska, walleye pollock (WP [Theragra chalcogramma]) and Pacific cod (PC [Gadus macrocephalus]) are harvested in large amounts. There are also large biomasses of arrow-tooth flounder (ATF [Atheresthes stomias]) and giant grenadier (GG [Albatrossia pectoralis]) available in Alaskan waters; however these fish are underutilized. The objective of this study was to determine lipid content, lipid class distribution and fatty acid (FA) profiles of fillets from these four fish species. Fat content and percent triacylglycerides (TAG) in ATF was significantly higher than in other species, and percent phospholipids (PL) was lower (P < 0.05). PC had the highest levels of omega-3 (omega-3) FA, whereas ATF had the lowest. The ratio of omega-3/omega-6 (omega-6) FA was significantly higher in ATF than in other species. Percent polyunsaturated and saturated FA's were equivalent in ATF; however other species showed at least twice as much polyunsaturated FA as saturated FA. This study provided comparisons of the lipid characteristics in the two most abundant white fish harvested in Alaska and two other abundant but underutilized species. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Seafood Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Oliveira, ACM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM ffamo@uaf.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD JAN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 20 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2006.00030.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 006LA UT WOS:000234897800003 ER PT J AU Liu, MN Solomon, MB Vinyard, B Callahan, JA Patel, JR West, RL Chase, CC AF Liu, MN Solomon, MB Vinyard, B Callahan, JA Patel, JR West, RL Chase, CC TI Use of hydrodynamic pressure processing and blade tenderization to tenderize top rounds from Brahman cattle SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID BEEF TENDERNESS; SHOCK-WAVE; PALATABILITY; MUSCLE; MEAT AB Tenderization effects of hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP), blade tenderization (BT) and a combination of BT followed by HDP (BT + HDP) were evaluated with 12 top rounds from Brahman cattle selected for toughness. Warner-Bratzler shear testing was performed on the day of treatment (DO) and after storage (D7). On DO, BT and HDP increased tenderness by 18% and BT + HDP yielded a 14% improvement over control steaks. Tenderness increased (P < 0.05) for HDP and BT + HDP treatment between D0 and D7, whereas tenderness did not change for BT treatment. Control samples increased (P < 0.05) in tenderness because of aging alone (20% improvement). Overall tenderness improvements for BT + HDP and HDP (D7) versus control (DO) were 37 and 29%, respectively. BT provided instant tenderization but without additional improvement during aging. HDP and BT + HDP resulted in instantaneous tenderization that also increased over time and provided the greatest amount of overall improvement in tenderness. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Sub Trop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Liu, MN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mnliu@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD JAN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2006.00037.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 006LA UT WOS:000234897800008 ER PT J AU Callahan, JA Berry, BW Solomon, MB Liu, MN AF Callahan, JA Berry, BW Solomon, MB Liu, MN TI Hydrodynamic pressure-processed beef Semitendinosus muscle using a steel reflector bowl SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; SHOCK-WAVE; TENDERNESS AB Hydrodynamic pressure (HDP) technology, used to tenderize meat, has been previously conducted in both stationary steel hemisphere-shaped tanks (1060-L commercial and 54-L laboratory scale steel units) as well as in plastic explosive containers (PEC) fitted with a flat metal reflector plate. It was hypothesized that the bottom surface of the container may affect the magnitude of tenderness improvement during the HDP process. A steel reflector bowl was constructed to fit inside the PEC to mimic the shape of the bottom of the stationary steel vessel. Beef semitendinosus (ST) muscles treated with HDP (150-g binary explosive detonated inside a water-filled 98-L PEC) were more tender (P < 0.05) than controls (5.37 versus 5.74 kgf). ST response to HDP was highly variable (-8.6 to 24.5%). Although the improvement in ST tenderness was significant (P < 0.05), using the steel reflector bowl in the PEC was not an efficient method to tenderize ST muscles. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Solomon, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM msolomon@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD JAN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2006.00041.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 006LA UT WOS:000234897800010 ER PT J AU Reategui, RF Wicklow, DT Gloer, JB AF Reategui, RF Wicklow, DT Gloer, JB TI Phaeofurans and sorbicillin analogues from a fungicolous Phaeoacremonium species (NRRL 32148) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID POLYKETIDE METABOLITES; ANTIFUNGAL METABOLITES; HYPOXYLON-STROMATA; FUNGAL COLONIST; A-D; ACID; ANTIBACTERIAL AB Two new benzofuran-derived metabolites of polyketide origin called phaeofurans A and B (1 and 2), along with three sorbicillin analogues (3-5), have been obtained from a fungicolous isolate of the genus Phaeoacremonium (NRRL 32148). The structures were determined by analysis of MS and 2D NMR data. The antifungal effects of the extract were ascribed to the sorbicillin analogues. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060600-04, R01 GM060600-06, R01 GM 60600, R01 GM060600, R01 GM060600-05, R01 GM060600-07] NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1021/np0504199 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 009IZ UT WOS:000235106500023 PM 16441079 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Park, B Heitschmidt, GW Smith, DP Feldner, P AF Lawrence, Kurt C. Windham, William R. Park, Bosoon Heitschmidt, Gerald W. Smith, Douglas P. Feldner, Peggy TI Partial least squares regression of hyperspectral images for contaminant detection on poultry carcasses SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE poultry; chicken; faeces; ingesta; hyperspectral; imaging spectrometry; spectroscopy; partial least squares regression AB The US Department of Agriculture has developed multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems to detect faecal contaminants. Until recently, the hyperspectral imaging system has been used as a research tool to detect a few optimum wavelengths for use in a multispectral imaging system. However, with the development of complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras, discrete wavelengths or subsets of the full-detector range can be used to greatly increase the speed of hyperspectral imaging systems. This paper reports on the use of a broad-spectrum multivariate statistical analysis technique for detecting contaminants with hyperspectral imaging. Partial least squares regression was used for model development. Calibration models from spatially averaged region of interest data were developed with and without smoothing, with and without scatter correction and with and without first derivative (difference) pre-processing. Results indicate that using the full spectral range with scatter correction was needed for good model development. Furthermore, validation of the various calibration models indicated that pre-processing with scatter correction, nine-point boxcar smoothing and first derivative pre-processing resulted in the best validation with about 95% of the over 400 contaminants detected with only 26 false positives (errors of commission). About one-third of the false positives were from bruised wingtips which would not be visible during in-plant commercial processing. C1 USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 083AE UT WOS:000240427500002 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Chao, KL Chen, YR Kim, MS Nou, XW Chan, DE Yang, CC AF Liu, Yongliang Chao, Kuanglin Chen, Yud-Ren Kim, Moon S. Nou, Xiangwu Chan, Diane E. Yang, Chun-Chieh TI Comparison of visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the detection of faeces/ingesta contaminants for sanitation verification at slaughter plants SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE visible/near infrared spectroscopy; algorithm; poultry; faecal and ingesta contamination; sanitation and safety ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; ALGORITHM; SPECTRA; FECES AB Visible and near infrared (NIR) spectra were acquired to explore the potential for the discrimination of faeces/ingesta ("F/I") objectives from rubber belt and stainless steel ("RB/SS") backgrounds by using several wavelengths. Spectral features of "F/I" objectives and "RB/SS" backgrounds showed large differences in both visible and NIR regions, due to the diversity of their chemical compositions. These spectral distinctions formed the basis on which to develop simple three-band ratio algorithms for the classification analysis. Meanwhile, score-score plots from principal component analysis (PCA) indicated the obvious cluster separation between "F/I" objectives and "RB/SS" backgrounds, but the corresponding loadings did not show any specific wavelengths for developing effective algorithms. Furthermore, two-class soft independent modelling of class analogy models were developed to compare the correct classifications with those from the ratio algorithms. Results indicated that using ratio algorithms in the visible or NIR region could separate "F/I" objectives from "RB/SS" backgrounds with a success rate of over 97%. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, KL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 118JJ UT WOS:000242938300006 ER PT J AU Barton, FE de Haseth, JA Himmelsbach, DS AF Barton, F. E., II de Haseth, James A. Himmelsbach, D. S. TI The use of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy to characterise the differences in research grade instruments SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE sticky cotton; near infrared; NIR; trehalulose; melizitose; mini-card AB The major question about the newer instruments is "are they more capable than the instruments we have been using for decades"? In looking for a way to examine the utility of commercial instrumentation capable of performing the measurement of stickiness in cotton, a method was required for evaluating the way these instruments performed compared with the research grade spectrometer which was first successfully used to measure stickiness. While all of the instruments had the potential analytical capability of measuring sticky cotton, all would require even more costly hardening to be used in a cotton gin or spinning plant. Regardless, the calibration would need to be transferred to any of these new instruments. While there are existing algorithms to do this, it is imperative to understand the differences between instrument platforms. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) has been used to characterise instrumental differences which will affect performance, stability and reliability. The 2DCOS programs were re-written in Matlab ver. 6.51 to provide a common format with the newer instruments and the special purpose instruments which utilise Matlab for data functions. The instruments used in the complete calibration studies of sticky cotton were evaluated for their instrument function parameters. The possibilities for using 2DCOS for instrument characterisation was explored in concert with available spectral technologies. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2006 VL 14 IS 6 BP 357 EP 362 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 127LC UT WOS:000243586400003 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Delwiche, SR Reeves, VB AF Reeves, J. B., III Delwiche, S. R. Reeves, V. B. TI Least squares means multiple comparison testing of reference versus predicted residuals for evaluation of partial least squares spectral calibrations SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE least squares means multiple comparison testing; partial least squares spectral calibrations; ANOVA; pre-treatment; near infrared ID SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; REGRESSION; PRODUCTS; FORAGES; LIGNIN AB It is common to use data pre-treatments such as scatter correction, derivatives, mean centring and variance scaling prior to the development of near- and mid-infrared spectral calibrations. As a result, it is possible to generate a multitude of calibrations, many of which will have similar statistical properties, as measured by the coefficient of determination (RI) and the residual error. With respect to validation data sets, calibration equations have a tendency to provide the most optimistic modelling statistics on the set of data to which they were developed; however, the pre-treatment that was optimal for one set of samples may not be the best for future samples and, therefore, not the most robust calibration. If several calibrations are found to be statistically the same, then other criteria could be used to determine which one to use (for example, one with fewest partial least squares (PLS) factors or based on past experience) or further investigations could be carried out on the more limited set of calibrations deemed to represent the best of all those originally developed. However, there has been no single accepted statistical procedure for determining which calibrations are statistically the same and which are not from a large group of calibrations. This study describes the use of least squares means multiple comparisons testing of squared reference-versus-predicted residuals for determining the statistical similarity of multiple PLS calibrations. A program has been developed using common commercial statistical software (SAS, Mixed procedure) which computes and summarises comparisons of PLS calibrations. This method is also applicable to other multivariate regression methods as it only requires a list of reference and predicted values from each calibration as input. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Management & ByProd Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, CVM, US Dept HHS, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Management & ByProd Utilizat Lab, Bldg 306,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2006 VL 14 IS 6 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 127LC UT WOS:000243586400005 ER PT J AU Graf, BA Ameho, C Dolnikowski, GG Milbury, PE Chen, CY Blumberg, JB AF Graf, BA Ameho, C Dolnikowski, GG Milbury, PE Chen, CY Blumberg, JB TI Rat gastrointestinal tissues metabolize quercetin SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE quercetin; metabolism; gastrointestinal tract; rats; LC-MS/MS ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAVONOL METABOLITES; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; SMALL-INTESTINE; IN-VIVO; PLASMA; IDENTIFICATION; SULFOTRANSFERASES; STOMACH AB Quercetin and quercetin glycosides from food or dietary supplements appear in body tissues almost exclusively as glucuronated, sulfated, and methylated quercetin conjugates, suggesting that the in vivo bioactivity of quercetin may be due to its metabolites. In this study, pre- and postabsorptive metabolism of orally ingested quercetin was examined by comparing the metabolite pattern in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, contents, and internal tissues. F344 rats (n = 6) were fed for 6 wk a diet containing 0.45% quercetin and the metabolite patterns were determined in the tissues and contents of stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon and in liver, kidney, and plasma using LCMS/MS. GI contents contained predominantly unmetabolized quercetin at 94-100%, whereas quercetin in GI tissues was present as 11 different sulfated, glucuronated, and methylated metabolites at 32% in stomach, 88% in small intestine, 27% in cecum, and 46% in colon. Quercetin was further metabolized postabsorption and found in liver, kidney, and plasma almost exclusively as sulfated methyl-quercetin glucuronide. The unique pattern of quercetin metabolites in each GI tissue indicates extensive biotransformation before absorption and distribution in rats. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu NR 38 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 998RS UT WOS:000234337600008 PM 16365056 ER PT J AU Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD TI Lycopene supplementation prevents smoke-induced changes in p53, p53 phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in the gastric mucosa of ferrets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lycopene; smoke; cell proliferation; apoptosis; ferrets ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI GASTRITIS; NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; BETA-CAROTENE; PROSTATE-CANCER; EXPOSED FERRETS; TOBACCO-SMOKE; GROWTH-FACTOR; LUNG-CANCER; EXPRESSION AB Cigarette smoking increases the risk for gastric cancer. Higher intakes or blood levels of lycopene are associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer. However, the biological mechanisms by which lycopene may protect against gastric carcinogenesis are poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of lycopene supplementation on smoke-induced changes in protein levels of p53, p53 target genes (p21(Waf1/Cip1) and Bax-1), cell proliferation, and apoptosis in the gastric mucosa of ferrets. Ferrets were assigned to cigarette smoke exposure or to no exposure and to no, low-dose, or high-dose lycopene supplementation (2 X 3 factorial design) for 9 wk. Lycopene concentrations were significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner in the gastric mucosa of ferrets supplemented with lycopene alone, but were markedly reduced in ferrets supplemented with lycopene and exposed to smoke. Although ferrets were given lycopene containing 95% all-trans isomers, cis isomers were the predominant forms in the gastric mucosa. Total p53 and phosphorylated p53 levels were greater in ferrets exposed to smoke alone than in all other groups. Levels were similar to 300 and 500% of the controls, respectively. However, smoke-elevated total p53 and phosphorylated p53 were markedly attenuated by both doses of lycopene. p21(waf1/Cip1), Bax-1, and cleaved caspase 3 were substantially decreased, whereas cyclin D1 and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) were increased in ferrets exposed to smoke alone. Lycopene prevented smoke-induced changes in p22(Waf1/Cip1), Bax-1, cleaved caspase 3, cyclin D1, and PCNA in a dose-dependent fashion. These data indicate that lycopene may prevent smoke exposure-induced changes in p53, p53 phosphorylation, p53 target genes, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in the gastric mucosa of ferrets. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chun.liu@tufts.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11537] NR 52 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 998RS UT WOS:000234337600019 PM 16365067 ER PT J AU Troen, AM Mitchell, B Sorensen, B Wener, MH Johnston, A Wood, B Selhub, J McTiernan, A Yasui, Y Oral, E Potter, JD Ulrich, CM AF Troen, AM Mitchell, B Sorensen, B Wener, MH Johnston, A Wood, B Selhub, J McTiernan, A Yasui, Y Oral, E Potter, JD Ulrich, CM TI Unmetabolized folic acid in plasma is associated with reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity among postmenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carcinogenesis; folic acid; immune function; natural killer cells ID DIETARY-FOLATE; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; SUPPLEMENT USE; SPINA-BIFIDA; FORTIFICATION; RATS; FOOD; VITAMIN-B-12; POLYMORPHISM AB Folic acid (FA) supplements and food fortification are used to prevent neural tube defects and to lower plasma homocysteine. Through exposure to food fortification and vitamin supplement use, large populations in the United States and elsewhere have an unprecedented high FA intake. We evaluated dietary and supplemental intakes of folate and FA in relation to an index of immune function, natural killer cell (NK) cytotoxicity, among 105 healthy, postmenopausal women. Among women with a diet low in folate (< 233 mu g/d), those who used FA-containing supplements had significantly greater NK cytotoxicity (P = 0.01). However, those who consumed a folate-rich diet and in addition used FA supplements > 400 mu g/d had reduced NK cytotoxicity compared with those consuming a low-folate diet and no supplements (P = 0.02). Prompted by this observation, we assessed the presence of unmetabolized FA in plasma as a biochemical marker of excess FA. Unmetabolized folic acid was detected in 78% of plasma samples from fasting participants. We found an inverse relation between the presence of unmetabolized FA in plasma and NK cytotoxicity. NK cytotoxicity was similar to 23% lower among women with detectable folic acid (P = 0.04). This inverse relation was stronger among women >= 60 y old and more pronounced with increasing unmetabolized FA concentrations (P-trend = 0.002). Because of the increased intake of FA in many countries, our findings highlight the need for further studies on the effect of long-term high FA intake on immune function and health. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Program, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Stat, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Ulrich, CM (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Program, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM nulrich@fhcrc.org RI Yasui, Yutaka/E-2564-2015; OI Yasui, Yutaka/0000-0002-7717-8638; Potter, John/0000-0001-5439-1500 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA69334, T32 CA80416] NR 44 TC 200 Z9 212 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 998RS UT WOS:000234337600033 PM 16365081 ER PT J AU Adams, SH Lei, CL Jodka, CM Nikoulina, SE Hoyt, JA Gedulin, B Mack, CM Kendall, ES AF Adams, SH Lei, CL Jodka, CM Nikoulina, SE Hoyt, JA Gedulin, B Mack, CM Kendall, ES TI PYY[3-36] administration decreases the respiratory quotient and reduces adiposity in diet-induced obese mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 87th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine-Society CY JUN 04-07, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Soc DE obesity; metabolic syndrome; gut peptide; lipid; beta-oxidation ID INHIBITS FOOD-INTAKE; HIGH-FAT DIET; PEPTIDE-YY; GUT HORMONE; SECRETION; PYY3-36; YY3-36; RATS; RESTRICTION; ADIPOCYTES AB In rodents, weight reduction after peptide YY[3-36] (PYY[3-36]) administration may be due largely to decreased food consumption. Effects on other processes affecting energy balance (energy expenditure, fuel partitioning, gut nutrient uptake) remain poorly understood. We examined whether s.c. infusion of 1 mg/(kg(.)d) PYY[3-36] (for up to 7 d) increased metabolic rate, fat combustion, and/or fecal energy loss in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. PYY[3-36] transiently reduced food intake (e.g., 25-43% lower at d 2 relative to pretreatment baseline) and decreased body weight (e.g., 9-10% reduction at d 2 vs. baseline) in 3 separate studies. Mass-specific metabolic rate in kJ/(kg(.)h) in PYY[3-36]-treated mice did not differ from controls. The dark cycle respiratory quotient (RQ) was transiently decreased. On d 2, it was 0.747 +/- 0.008 compared with 0.786 +/- 0.004 for controls (P < 0.001); light cycle RQ was reduced throughout the study in PYY[3-36]-treated mice (0.730 +/- 0.006) compared with controls (0.750 +/- 0.009; P < 0.001). Epididymal fat pad weight in PYY[3-36]-treated mice was similar to 50% lower than in controls (P < 0.01). Fat pad lipolysis ex vivo was not stimulated by PYY[3-36]. PYY[3-36] decreased basal gallbladder emptying in nonobese mice. Fecal energy loss was negligible (similar to 2% of ingested energy) and did not differ between PYY[3-36]treated mice and controls. Thus, negative energy balance after PYY[3-36] administration in diet-induced obese mice results from reduced food intake with a relative maintenance of mass-specific energy expenditure. Fat loss and reduced RQ highlight the potential for PYY[3-36] to drive increased mobilization of fat stores to help meet energy requirements in this model. C1 Amylin Pharmaceut, Dept Pharmacol, San Diego, CA USA. Amylin Pharmaceut, Dept Vivo Modeling, San Diego, CA USA. Amylin Pharmaceut, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Adams, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sadams@whnrc.usda-gov NR 33 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 998RS UT WOS:000234337600034 PM 16365082 ER PT J AU Guthrie, JF Stommes, E Voichick, J AF Guthrie, JF Stommes, E Voichick, J TI Evaluating Food Stamp Nutrition Education: Issues and opportunities SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE food stamp nutrition education; evaluation AB Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) is an optional component of the Food Stamp Program aimed at improving food choices of program participants. The last decade has seen a dramatic expansion in FSNE, accompanied by increased interest in FSNE evaluation. The Society for Nutrition Education, as a leader in nutrition education research, has worked collaboratively with federal partners to improve FSNE evaluation. This is the first in a 3-part series of papers presented in this issue of the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. The series reviews the issues, priority needs, and opportunities identified through this process; explains Our current focus on the development of a brief measure assessing FSNE-relevant dietary behaviors; and describes plans for measurement development. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Guthrie, JF (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jguthrie@ers.usda.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2005.11.001 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 027RQ UT WOS:000236433400006 PM 16595272 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Price, PT Reeds, PJ Chang, XY Henry, JF van Goudoever, JB Holst, JJ Burrin, DG AF Stoll, Barbara Price, Pamela T. Reeds, Peter J. Chang, Xiaoyan Henry, Josef F. van Goudoever, Johannes B. Holst, Jens J. Burrin, Douglas G. TI Feeding an elemental diet vs a milk-based formula does not decrease intestinal mucosal growth in infant pigs SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SHORT-BOWEL SYNDROME; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION; ENTERAL NUTRITION; CROHNS-DISEASE; POLYPEPTIDE SECRETION; PROTEIN-MALNUTRITION; PEPTIDE-1 SECRETION; NEURAL REGULATION; PRETERM INFANTS AB Background: We previously showed that the level of enteral nutrient intake determines the rate of intestinal growth in piglets. Our objective was to determine whether providing enteral nutrition in the form of elemental nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipid [ED]) rather than cow's milk formula (lactose, protein, lipid [FORM]) reduces small intestinal growth and lactase activity. Methods: Three-week-old piglets were fed either ED (n = 7) intragastrically or FORM (n = 6) orally for 6 days. Results: Intestinal protein and DNA masses, villus height, and crypt depth were not different in ED and FORM pigs. Crypt cell proliferation, measured by in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling, was significantly (p <.05) higher (+37%) in ED than in FORM pigs. Rates of mucosal protein synthesis (%old), measured by in vivo H-2-leucine incorporation, were higher (p <.05) in ED than FORM (147 vs 89) pigs. Circulating concentrations (pmol/L) of the intestinotrophic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), were also higher (p <.05) in ED than in FORM (148 vs 87) pigs. The mean lactase-specific activity (mu mol/min/g) in proximal and distal segments was higher (p <.05) in FORM than in ED (12 vs 58) pigs. Conclusions: We conclude that intestinal mucosal growth and villus morphology are similar in pigs fed ED and FORM, despite higher cell proliferation and protein synthesis rates and lower lactase activity with ED. This implies that elemental diets may be as trophic as polymeric formulas to simultaneously provide nutrition and a stimulus for intestinal growth during bowel rest. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Columbus, OH USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Med Physiol, Panum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Stoll, B (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM bstoll@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920] NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1177/014860710603000132 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 195WR UT WOS:000248443500008 PM 16387897 ER PT J AU Lodyga-Chruscinska, E Oldziej, S Sanna, D Micera, G Chruscinski, L Kaczmarek, K Nachman, RF Zabrocki, J Sykula, A AF Lodyga-Chruscinska, E. Oldziej, S. Sanna, D. Micera, G. Chruscinski, L. Kaczmarek, K. Nachman, R. F. Zabrocki, J. Sykula, A. TI Spectroscopic studies of Cu(II) complexes with insect kinin analogs SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Gen Food Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. Univ Gdansk, Fac Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Univ Sassari, Dept Chem, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. Ist CNR Chim, Sassari, Italy. Tech Univ Lodz, Fac Proc & Environm Engn, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RI micera, giovanni/C-1655-2012; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012; Sanna, Daniele/G-9021-2011 OI Sanna, Daniele/0000-0001-9299-0141 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PY 2006 VL 12 SU S BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 075SN UT WOS:000239905600112 ER PT J AU Kaczmarek, K Coast, GM Williams, HJ Zabrocki, J Nachman, RJ AF Kaczmarek, K. Coast, G. M. Williams, H. J. Zabrocki, J. Nachman, R. J. TI Evaluation of insect kinins with stereochemical variants of the cis-peptide bond motif 4-aminopyroglutamate SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London, England. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. RI Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PY 2006 VL 12 SU S BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 075SN UT WOS:000239905600364 ER PT J AU Arai, K Hirase, K Moriyasu, K Molin, WT AF Arai, K Hirase, K Moriyasu, K Molin, WT TI Herbicidal efficacy of 4-ethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (MT-141) in the control of graminaceous and broad-leaved weeds in cotton SO JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herbicidal activity; diphenylpyrrolidinone; bleaching; cotton AB The herbicidal activity and properties of a diphenylpyrrolidinone, MT-141 [4-ethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one], were examined. MT-141 controlled barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli),johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), and broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) at 300g a.i./ha when applied pre-emergence (PRE), and provided greater than 90% control of these weed species at 500g a.i./ha when applied post-emergence (POST). MT-141 was less effective against broad-leaved plants such as velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), but two other broad-leaved plants, hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa), were slightly susceptible to MT-141. MT-141 applied PRE at 500g a.i./ha did not injure cotton. The most significant herbicidal symptom for this compound was bleaching. Residual activity of MT-141 applied PRE to barnyardgrass and johnsongrass lasted at least 5 weeks. Planting depth or soil type did not affect the herbicidal activity of MT-141 at 300g a.i./ha. MT-141 applied PRE increased the herbicidal activity of glyphosate against hemp sesbania and morningglory without injuring glyphosate-resistant cotton. Also several surfactants increased the herbicidal efficacy of this compound on POST application. MT-141 seems to be an effective herbicidal compound for controlling graminaceous weeds when applied PRE in cotton production. (c) Pesticide Science Society of Japan. C1 Mitsui Chem Inc, Funct Chem Lab, Chiba 2970017, Japan. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hirase, K (reprint author), Mitsui Chem Inc, Funct Chem Lab, 1144 Togo, Chiba 2970017, Japan. EM kangetsu.hirase@mitsui-chem.co.jp NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PESTICIDE SCI SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TOKYO UNIV AGR DEPT OF AGR CHEM, TOKYO, 156, JAPAN SN 1348-589X J9 J PESTIC SCI JI J. Pestic. Sci. PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1584/jpestics.31.29 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 015NC UT WOS:000235557100005 ER PT J AU Stamatiadis, S Christofides, C Tsadilas, C Samaras, V Schepers, JS AF Stamatiadis, S Christofides, C Tsadilas, C Samaras, V Schepers, JS TI Natural abundance of foliar N-15 as an early indicator of nitrogen deficiency in fertilized cotton SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE crop yield; nutrients; leaf P; leaf K; site-specific management; soil properties; spatial and temporal variability ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; PLANTS AB Information on the contribution of various soil nitrogen (N) sources to plant N uptake is often needed for the implementation of sustainable or site-specific management practices in agriculture. Considering the limitations of traditional methods in meeting these needs, this study investigated the potential of leaf delta(15)N as an early indicator of nutrient deficiency in cotton. The spatial and temporal natural abundance of N-15 was measured in the soil and leaves of a fertilized cotton field located near the village of Moschochori (Larissa, Greece). The isotopic signal of the leaves was interpreted in the context of the relative contribution of fertilizer to cotton N uptake,as has been demonstrated in the past for other agricultural crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivam L.) and corn (Zea mays). Spatial variability of leaf delta(15)N was high early in the growing season (June), reflecting differences in fertilizer N availability and uptake between the east and west side of the field, as well as differences resulting from soil denitrification in depressions. The west side of the field appears to have lost significant amounts of fertilizer N, due to leaching during the rainy period in May, that accumulated in depressions near the waterway. In the subsequent months, the isotopic signal of the leaves was consistently high and indicated reduced fertilizer N uptake on the west side that resulted in deficiencies of N as well as of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The significant correlations of mid-square leaf delta(15)N with late-season nutrient content and soil elelctrical conductivity(EC) provided evidence that the natural abundance of N-15 was a sensitive indicator of soil and plant nutrient status in this fertilized cotton field. C1 Goulandris Nat Hist Museum, Gaia Environm Res & Educ Ctr, Soil Ecol & Biotechnol Lab, Kifisia 14562, Greece. Natl Agr Res Fdn, Inst Soil Classificat & Mapping, Larisa, Greece. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stamatiadis, S (reprint author), Goulandris Nat Hist Museum, Gaia Environm Res & Educ Ctr, Soil Ecol & Biotechnol Lab, 13 Levidou St, Kifisia 14562, Greece. EM stam@gnhm.gr NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1080/01904160500416505 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 997KD UT WOS:000234243200008 ER PT J AU Haagenson, DM Klotz, KL McGrath, JM AF Haagenson, DM Klotz, KL McGrath, JM TI Sugarbeet sucrose synthase genes differ in organ-specific and developmental expression SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; sucrose synthase; sugarbeet ID BETA-VULGARIS; PLANTS; TEMPERATURE; ENZYMES AB A full-length sucrose synthase (SBSS2) cDNA clone was isolated from sugarbeet. Comparison of its composition and organ-specific and developmental expression with a previously isolated sugarbeet sucrose synthase gene (SBSS1) revealed distinct differences between the two genes. The two genes share 80% similarity in deduced amino acid sequence but belong to different sucrose synthase subclasses based on phylogenic analysis. Both sucrose synthases were highly expressed in roots, and had low levels of expression in leaf tissue. Transcript abundance of SBSS2, relative to SBSS1, was greater in young vegetative and floral tissues, and reduced in mature vegetative tissues. The organ-specific and developmental expression of SBSS1 and SBSS2 proteins was similar to SBSS1 and SBSS2 transcript levels, although developmental changes in protein abundance tagged transcriptional changes by many weeks. The similarities and differences in transcript and protein abundance suggest that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are likely to contribute to sucrose synthase expression in sugarbeet. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res unit, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Klotz, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM klotzk@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Fugate, Karen/0000-0001-9543-6832 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 163 IS 1 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.05.006 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006PE UT WOS:000234908600012 PM 16360809 ER PT J AU Foulk, JA Chao, WY Akin, DE Dodd, RB Layton, PA AF Foulk, JA Chao, WY Akin, DE Dodd, RB Layton, PA TI Analysis of flax and cotton fiber fabric blends and recycled polyethylene composites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE composite; cotton fibers; fabric; flax fibers; recycled high-density polyethylene ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Manufacturing composites with polymers and natural fibers has traditionally been performed using chopped fibers or a non-woven mat for reinforcement. Fibers from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) are stiff and strong and can be processed into a yarn and then manufactured into a fabric for composite formation. Fabric directly impacts the composite because it contains various fiber types via fiber or yarn blending, fiber length is often longer due to requirements in yarn formation, and it controls the fiber alignment via weaving. Composites created with cotton and flax-containing commercial fabrics and recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were evaluated for physical and mechanical properties. Flax fiber/recycled HDPE composites were easily prepared through compression molding using a textile preform. This method takes advantage of maintaining cotton and flax fiber lengths that are formed into a yarn (a continuous package of short fibers) and oriented in a bidirectional woven fabric. Fabrics were treated with maleic anhydride, silane, enzyme, or adding maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAA-PE; MDEX 102-1, Exxelor(R) VA 1840) to promote interactions between polymer and fibers. Straight and strong flax fibers present problems because they are not bound as tightly within yarns producing weaker and less elastic yarns that contain larger diameter variations. As the blend percentage and mass of flax fibers increases the fabric strength, and elongation generally decrease in value. Compared to recycled HDPE, mechanical properties of composite materials (containing biodegradable and renewable resources) demonstrated significant increases in tensile strength (1.4-3.2 times stronger) and modulus of elasticity (1.4-2.3 times larger). Additional research is needed to improve composite binding characteristics by allowing the stronger flax fibers in fabric to carry the composites load. C1 ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, USDA, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Foulk, JA (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, USDA, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM jonnf@clemson.edu NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10924-005-8703-1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 006VA UT WOS:000234924400003 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Reeves, JB AF Dungan, RS Reeves, JB TI Mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis of foundry green sands and chemically bonded cores SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRODUCTS; PYROLYSIS AB Each year the U.S. foundry industry landfills several million tons of molding sand known as green sand. Currently, there is great interest in beneficially using these waste green sands in geotechnical and agricultural applications. However, there is concern of organic contamination from chemically bonded cores and carbonaceous additives used in the green sand molds. For this study, green sands and cores were collected from iron and aluminum foundries. The objective was to determine if mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy could be qualitatively used to identify bands associated with organic residues in the green sands. Bands unique to the core resins and carbonaceous additives were identified in both iron and aluminum green sands. When compared, aluminum green sands appeared to have higher levels of organics, which may be a result of the lower pouring temperature of aluminum. Ultimately, it may be possible to use MIR spectroscopy to quantitatively determine the level of residual and potentially harmful organics in waste green sands. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rdungan@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 1148 ELIZABETH AVENUE #2, LANCASTER, PA 17601 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 038KV UT WOS:000237219400008 ER PT J AU Janska, M Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Hajslova, J Alon, T Amirav, A AF Janska, M Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Hajslova, J Alon, T Amirav, A TI A simple and inexpensive "solvent in silicone tube extraction" approach and its evaluation in the gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides in fruits and vegetables SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fruits; gas chromatography; pesticide; solvent in silicone tube extraction; sorptive extraction; vegetables ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION; PULSED-FLAME PHOTOMETER; CHLORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; RESIDUE ANALYSIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEMBRANE EXTRACTION; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD AB A novel, simple, and inexpensive approach to sorptive extraction, which we call solvent in silicone tube extraction (SiSTEx), was applied to pesticide residue analysis and its effectiveness and efficiency were evaluated. In SiSTEx, which is a form of open tubular sorptive extraction, a piece of silicone tubing (4 cm long, 1.47 mm ID, 1.96 mm CD in this study) is attached to the cap of a 20 mL, glass vial that contains the aqueous sample. The tubing is plugged at the end dangling in the sample solution, and MeCN (e.g., 40 mu L) added by syringe to the inner tube volume through a septum in the cap. A stir-bar is used to mix the sample for a certain time (e.g., 60 min), which allows chemicals to partition into the tubing where they diffuse across the silicone and partition into the MeCN. The final MeCN extract is then analyzed for the concentrated analytes. In this study, the SiSTEx approach was evaluated for the analysis of organophosphorus (OP) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides in fruits and vegetables using GC/pulsed flame photometric (PFPD) and halogen specific (XSD) detectors for analysis. The produced samples were initially extracted by a rapid MeCN procedure, and 5 mL of the initial extract was diluted four-fold with water to undergo sorptive extraction for 60 min. The final extract was analyzed by GC/PFPD + XSD for 14 OP and 22 OC pesticides. This simple approach was able to detect 26 of the 36 pesticides at 10 ng/g or less original equivalent sample concentration with average reproducibility of 11 %RSD. For those 26 pesticides, a 44-fold lower detection limit on average was achieved in matrix extracts using SiSTEx despite the four-fold dilution with water. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Prague Inst Chem Technol, Dept Food Chem & Anal, CR-16628 Prague, Czech Republic. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 66 EP 80 DI 10.1002/jssc.200500237 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 011TM UT WOS:000235291100008 PM 16485711 ER PT J AU Pote, DH Kingery, WL Aiken, GE Han, FX Moore, PA AF Pote, DH Kingery, WL Aiken, GE Han, FX Moore, PA TI Incorporating granular inorganic fertilizer into perennial grassland soils to improve water quality SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE fertilizer incorporation; nutrient management; perennial pasture; runoff water quality ID POULTRY LITTER; SURFACE APPLICATION; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; MANURE; INTENSITY; INJECTION; NITROGEN; PASTURE AB Commercially-available inorganic fertilizers are often used by beef and dairy producers to increase forage growth on perennial pastures and hay fields, but the usual practice of spreading fertilizer granules on the surface of these grasslands leaves the nutrients exposed for transport in runoff, and for rapid nitrogen (N) loss to the atmosphere as ammonia. We hypothesized that such problems could be minimized by using a knifing technique to move the fertilizer granules into the subsurface root zone of perennial forages, and conducted a study to determine the effect on runoff water quality. Plots were constructed on a hillside (8 to 10 percent slope) field with a silt loam soil covered by well-established bermudagrass [Cynodon doctylon (L.) Pers.] and mixed grass forage. Each plot had borders to isolate runoff and a downslope trough with sampling pit for collection. Inorganic 13-13-13 fertilizer granules were applied at 1.34 Mg ha(-1) (0.6 t ac(-1)) by one of three methods: surface spreading, incorporation, or surface spreading on soil cuts. Each treatment had six replications and there were three control plots that were not fertilized. Runoff samples from simulated rainfall applied at 50 mm h(-1) (2 in hr(-1)) and natural rainfall events showed that nutrient losses in runoff from incorporated fertilizer were statistically no higher than from control plots, but were usually at least go percent less than those from surface-applied fertilizer. Soil cuts slightly decreased nutrient losses from surface-applied fertilizer, but this effect was rarely significant. When compared to surface-applied fertilizer, the incorporated fertilizer not only improved water quality, but also showed a strong tendency to increase forage yield. C1 ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Lexington, KY USA. Mississippi State Univ, Diagnost Instrumentat & Anal Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Arkansas, ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Pote, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 004GO UT WOS:000234740200007 ER PT J AU Merrill, SD Krupinsky, JM Tanaka, DL Anderson, RL AF Merrill, SD Krupinsky, JM Tanaka, DL Anderson, RL TI Soil coverage by residue as affected by ten crop species under no-till in the northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE crop residue; diverse cropping system; no-till; water erosion; wind erosion ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WHEAT-FALLOW; SPRING WHEAT; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; SYSTEMS; FIELDS; MATTER AB Soil coverage by residue protects soil and land resources from erosion, conserves soil water, and maintains soil quality. No-till and chemical weed control are management practices that increase soil coverage by residue. On the other hand, crop diversification in dryland agriculture in the northern Great Plains promotes the use of crops that produce significantly less soil coverage by residue than small cereal grains. Within a 10 x 10 crop sequence project under no-till in south-central North Dakota [409 mm (16.1 in) mean annual precipitation], all two-year crop sequence combinations of ten crops (barley, canola, crambe, dry bean, dry pea, flax, safflower, soybean, spring wheat, and sunflower) were evaluated at two adjacent sites. Soil coverage by residue was measured by transect and photographic techniques following spring wheat seeding. Soil coverage ranged from 98 to 89 percent following crop sequences that included spring wheat and barley. Soil coverage values were intermediate for spring wheat-alternative crop sequences, 97 to 62 percent. Crop sequences not including spring wheat with alternative crops for two years had values ranging from 86 to 35 percent. Soil coverage values after two consecutive years of sunflower or dry pea (two years of data) and two years of dry bean or safflower (single year of data) were in a lower range, 48 to 35 percent. Soil erosion hazards were evaluated with equations based on residue effects alone that were taken from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) water erosion and Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) wind erosion models: calculated soil loss ratio values (SLR = 1 with no residue protection) for 35 percent coverage following a sunflower-sunflower sequence were 0.29 for water erosion and 0.21 for wind erosion. Even with use of no-till, especially on more fragile soils, producers should consider planting a higher residue-producing crop (e.g., wheat, flax) the year before seeding lower residue-producing crops in order to assure adequate protection of soil and land resources. C1 ARS, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD USA. RP Merrill, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 004GO UT WOS:000234740200008 ER PT J AU Lakel, WA Aust, WM Dolloff, CA AF Lakel, WA Aust, WM Dolloff, CA TI Seeing the trees along the streamside SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID FOREST MANAGEMENT; RIPARIAN FOREST; WATER-QUALITY; WETLAND; SEDIMENT; FILTERS C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forestry Serv, So Res Stn, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Lakel, WA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 22A EP 29A PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 004GO UT WOS:000234740200005 ER PT J AU King, KW Hughes, KL Balogh, JC Fausey, NR Harmel, RD AF King, KW Hughes, KL Balogh, JC Fausey, NR Harmel, RD TI Nitrate-nitrogen and dissolved reactive phosphorus in subsurface drainage from managed turfgrass SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE golf course; nutrients; time series; urban; water quality ID TILE DRAINS; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; LOSSES; SOIL; PESTICIDE; INDIANA; WATER AB Recent evidence suggests that turfgrass nutrients in runoff and subsurface flow pose potential risks to surface water quality. Research on water quality associated with turfgrass has generally focused on surface runoff, not subsurface flows. Quantifying the delivery of nutrients, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and dissolved reactive phosphorus, to streams from subsurface drainage features on managed turf sites, and relating the transport to fertility management and season is important for many urban managers, especially those under regulatory scrutiny. NO3-N and dissolved reactive P concentrations from two French drains located on the Morris Williams' Municipal Golf Course in Austin, Texas, were measured over a four-year period (March, 1999 to March, 2003). Time series statistics were used to analyze and relate NO3-N and dissolved reactive P concentrations to weather and management. A weak statistical relationship (r(2) = 0.55) was detected between discharge and NO3-N concentration at one of the two drains. The relationship between discharge and dissolved reactive P concentration was not significant. Median NO3-N concentrations from the two drains were 1.27 mg L-1 and 0.32 mg L-1 NO3-N loading from the drains was 2.7 kg ha(-1) (2-4 lb ac(-1)). The NO3-N concentrations and load from the turf area were approximately 10 percent of those values reported for typical row crop agriculture. Median dissolved reactive P concentrations were 0.11 mg L-1 and 0.09 mg L-1 while dissolved reactive P loading was 0.46 kg ha(-1). Significant (alpha = 0.05) seasonal tendencies were found with respect to NO3-N and dissolved reactive P. A strong correlation was evident between the timing of peak NO3-N losses and nitrogen application; and between the timing of peak NO3-N losses and air temperature. There was a similar correlation between the timing of peak dissolved reactive P losses and phosphorus application. Our results suggest NO3-N transport in subsurface drainage from this golf course is not a water quality issue. However, our findings suggest significant dissolved reactive P transport through the drains and a need for an integrated (turf, nutrients, and water) management plan that includes consideration of subsurface drainage fluxes. C1 ARS, USDA, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN USA. ARS, USDA, Temple, TX USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 004GO UT WOS:000234740200011 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH TI Initial and delayed mortality of late-instar larvae, pupae, and adults of Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) exposed at variable temperatures and time intervals SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; Tribolium confusum; temperatures; control ID CYFLUTHRIN WETTABLE POWDER; FLOUR BEETLES COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; RESIDUAL TOXICITY; HEAT-TREATMENT; CONCRETE; MILL AB Late-instar larvae, pupae, and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, or Tribolium confusum (DuVal), the confused flour beetle, were exposed for variable durations at 36-54 degrees C. Beetles were placed in laboratory ovens set at a baseline of 27 degrees C, the temperature was increased by 0.1 degrees C per minute until the target temperature was achieved, and beetles were then held for specified exposure durations. There was no mortality after initial exposure or after a 1-week holding period of any life stage of T castaneum or T confusum exposed for 32 11 to 36, 39, or 42 degrees C. At 45 degrees C, there was no initial mortality of either species exposed for different time intervals except for those exposed for 28 h. However, there was a significant increase in mortality after the 1-week holding period of those beetles exposed initially for at least 16 h to 45 degrees C. There was a sharp increase in mortality after the initial exposures of 4 h at 48 degrees C; mortality of T confusum larvae was 90.0 +/- 5.7% but was only 10.0 +/- 10.0% for larvae of T. castaneum, and no pupae of either species were dead. All life stages of both species were killed after the initial exposure of 12 h, and 1-week mortality of beetles exposed for 4 and 8 h was generally greater than initial mortality. At 51 and 54 degrees C, 2- and 1-h exposures, respectively, killed all life stages of each species. Mortality in conditions of gradual temperature increase was less than previous studies with sudden temperature increases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2004.10.003 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 978YB UT WOS:000232907900001 ER PT J AU Yin, X Wang, S Tang, J Hansen, JD AF Yin, X Wang, S Tang, J Hansen, JD TI Thermal resistance of fifth-instar Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) as affected by pretreatment conditioning SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE codling moth; heating block; pretreatment conditioning; quarantine; thermal death resistance; recovery ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; AIR QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; DEATH KINETICS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INDUCED THERMOTOLERANCE AB Codling moth (Cydia. pomonella (L.)) is targeted for postharvest control by quarantine regulations in Japan and South Korea and by phytosanitation concerns in Europe. Heat treatments may be used to control C pomonella. But possible increase of heat resistance in insect pests, caused by pretreatment thermal conditions during harvest and storage periods, may compromise the efficacy of subsequent thermal treatments. A heating block system was used to determine the effect of pretreatment conditioning on the thermal resistance of the fifth-instar C pomonella. Results showed that pretreatment conditioning at 35 degrees C for 40, 120, 360 or 1080 min significantly increased the thermal resistance of C pomonella. Among the above conditions 35 degrees C for 360 min resulted in the highest heat resistance for fifth-instars. The minimum treatment times required to reach 100% mortality for 300 larvae that went through thermal conditioning at 35 degrees C for 360 min were 30, 7 and 3 min at 48, 50 and 52 degrees C, respectively, as compared with 15, 5 and 2 min at those temperatures without pretreatment conditioning. After a pretreatment at 35 degrees C for 360 min followed by a period of at least 120 min at 22 degrees C, fifth-instar thermal resistance returned to the level that had existed before pretreatment conditioning. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Henan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtang@mailmsu.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2004.11.004 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 978YB UT WOS:000232907900009 ER PT J AU Flinn, PW Kramer, KJ Throne, JE Morgan, TD AF Flinn, PW Kramer, KJ Throne, JE Morgan, TD TI Protection of stored maize from insect pests using a two-component biological control method consisting of a hymenopteran parasitoid, Theocolax elegans, and transgenic avidin maize powder SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stored grain; biopesticide; Tribolium castaneum; Sitophilus zeamais; Cryptolestes ferrugineus ID AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES; WHEAT; PTEROMALIDAE; COLEOPTERA; EFFICACY; CURCULIONIDAE; BEETLES; FLOUR; WASPS AB The hymenopteran parasitoid, Theocolax elegans (Westwood), and transgenic avidin maize powder were tested to determine if their individual or combined use would protect stored grain from infestation by both internal and external insect pests. Small-scale tests were conducted in plastic jars containing 3 kg of nontransgenic maize. We tested treatments of 0.3% powdered avidin maize, the parasitoid wasp, and the combination of the parasitoid plus 0.3% powdered avidin maize. One pair each of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) was added to each jar. After 8 weeks, the entire contents of each jar were examined for adult insects. Control and avidin maize powders had no detrimental effects on the beneficial insect parasitoid T. elegans. The parasitoid suppressed populations of the internal feeder S. zeamais. The avidin maize powder treatment had no effect on S. zeamais because these larvae developed inside the maize kernels where no avidin maize powder was present. For S. zeamais, the combination treatment was not significantly different from the parasitoid treatment. In contrast, populations of the external feeder T. castaneum were not suppressed by the parasitoid but were suppressed by the avidin maize powder treatment. The parasitoid-avidin combination treatment produced the greatest percentage reduction for all three insect species and resulted in 78%, 94%, and 70% reductions in populations of S. zeamais, T. castaneum, and C. ferrugineus, respectively, when compared to the control treatment. The percentage reductions for the parasitoid treatment were 70%, 8%, and 20% for S. zeamais, T. castaneum, and C ferrugineus, respectively. For the avidin maize powder treatment, populations of S. zeamais, T. castaneum, and C ferrugineus were reduced by 10%, 85%, and 40%, respectively. The combination treatment of avidin maize powder plus the release of parasitoid wasps was superior to either treatment alone when applied to mixed populations of internal and external feeders. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM flinn@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2005.02.002 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 004GX UT WOS:000234741100010 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Hagstrum, DW Flinn, PW Reed, CR Phillips, TW AF Arthur, FH Hagstrum, DW Flinn, PW Reed, CR Phillips, TW TI Insect populations in grain residues associated with commercial Kansas grain elevators SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sanitation; cleaning; elevators; grain; insects ID ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE HYMENOPTERA; FARM-STORED WHEAT; CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; NEWLY HARVESTED WHEAT; GRANARY RESIDUES; PARASITIC WASP; MAIZE WEEVIL; RICE WEEVIL; PTEROMALIDAE AB Grain residues in nine commercial elevators in Kansas were sampled monthly for insects in grain residues during 1999 and 2000. Five locations per elevator were observed; the boot pit, dump pit, headhouse, rail area, and tunnel. When a grain residue was found, the quantity was estimated and a sample taken. Adult grain pest insects and beneficial insects were removed and identified. Cryptolestes spp. and Sitophilus spp. comprised about 80% of the pest insects collected. The density of Cryptolestes spp. appeared to rapidly increase in spring but remained low at other times of the year. The density of Sitophilus spp. in the residues increased consistently through the warm months, peaked immediately after the warmest month, and declined gradually as ambient temperatures cooled. Pest insects were observed in 41.7% of the 1575 samples examined, and beneficial insects were collected from 5.1% of the samples. Residue samples taken from the elevator boot pit and tunnel areas contained a greater density of pest insects (all species combined) than other locations. About 42% of the residues were estimated to be smaller than 1.5 kg, and samples from these residues contained more insects per sample than did samples from larger residues. Anisopteromalus calandrae comprised 88.9% of the total number of beneficial insects found. Beneficial insects were observed infrequently, and mean populations exceeded 1 insect/kg of residue in any month at only two of the nine elevators. Results from our study showed that grain residues within the elevator often contain pest insects and could provide food and harborage when the bins are empty, serving as sources of insect infestation for new grain. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 226 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2005.02.003 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 004GX UT WOS:000234741100011 ER PT J AU Ramos-Rodriguez, O Campbell, JF Ramaswamy, SB AF Ramos-Rodriguez, O Campbell, JF Ramaswamy, SB TI Pathogenicity of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes to some major stored-product insect pests SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Steinernema spp; stored-product pests; biological control; entomopathogenic nematodes ID STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; FORAGING STRATEGY; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; CODLING MOTH; PYRALIDAE; HETERORHABDITIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RHABDITIDA AB Entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) are commonly used biological control agents of insects in cryptic habitats, but their potential for suppressing stored-product insects in these habitats has not been explored previously. Here, we provide data from the first step in a program to evaluate entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Steinernema as biological control agents of stored-product pests by determining their pathogenicity to some of the major stored-product pest species. When evaluated against larvae, pupae and adults of six pest species (Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia kuehniella, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium castaneum, and Trogoderma variabile), and the adults of two additional pest species (Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica), Steinernema riobrave was either the most pathogenic or of similar pathogenicity compared to S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae. A dose of 10 infective juveniles of S. riobrave caused 80% or higher mortality against larvae of P. interpunctella, E. kuehniella, T. castaneum, and O. surinamensis, pupae of T. castaneum and T. molitor, and adults of T. molitor and the two moth species. All stages of Trogoderma variabile exhibited 70% or higher mortality. Adults of S oryzae and R. dominica exhibited low susceptibility with 15% and 35% mortality, respectively. On the basis of these results, S. riobrave was selected for further evaluation under more field-like conditions. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM james.campbell@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 51 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2004.08.004 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 035IC UT WOS:000236993200001 ER PT J AU Silhacek, D Murphy, C AF Silhacek, D. Murphy, C. TI A simple wheat germ diet for studying the nutrient requirements of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stored-product moth; Indian meal moth; moth nutrition; cereal nutrients; oligidic diet; larval growth; wheat germ; glycerol ID LEP PYRALIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; NUTRITION; CATERPILLAR; FOOD AB Indian meal moth infestation of processed cereal products during storage could be managed with little or no use of conventional pesticides if there was a greater recognition and use of the moth's innate vulnerabilities. Slowing the growth rate of the infesting larvae is a simple strategy that can decrease the amount of damage and decrease the frequency of pesticide intervention. The growth rates of Indian meal moths on different cereal products varies widely indicating product-related differences in nutrient availability for the insects. Nutrient availability depends upon both the amounts of nutrients available in the cereal product and upon physical characteristics of the product that restrict the assimilation of nutrients. The development of control strategies for protecting processed cereal products based upon nutrient availability requires a simple, palatable test diet of known composition. Wheat germ mixed with 30% glycerol (w/w) provides a suitable growth medium for the Indian meal moth whose nutrients have been largely identified and quantified. Our studies indicate that dietary glycerol augments Indian meal moth growth and development on wheat germ by moisturizing the diet and probably provides a source of carbon and energy for larval growth. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Silhacek, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM dsilhacek@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2004.07.004 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 075JP UT WOS:000239881300002 ER PT J AU Liu, ZX Gao, JX Yu, JJ AF Liu, Zuoxin Gao, Junxia Yu, Jiujiang TI Aflatoxins in stored maize and rice grains in Liaoning Province, China SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; maize; rice; storage length; HPLC ID ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI; BIOSYNTHESIS; PARASITICUS; GROWTH; COLONIZATION; COMMUNITIES; MYCOTOXINS; FUNGI AB Aflatoxin contamination and its relationship to storage length in stored maize and rice in Liaoning Province, northeastern China, was investigated. Aflatoxins in 110 samples collected from an area of 14.68 million km(2) covering storage length from 1 yr to over 10 yr were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results showed that almost all samples collected contained aflatoxins. The average contents in maize, whole grain rice and brown rice were found to be 0.99, 3.87 and 0.88 mu g kg(-1), respectively. Three-fourths of the total aflatoxins in whole grain rice (3.87 mu g kg(-1)) could be removed by dehusking to as low as 0.88 mu g kg(-1) in brown rice. No significant aflatoxin increase was observed in whole grain rice and brown rice over a 10-yr storage period. In maize, the amount of aflatoxins was significantly higher in 2-yr than 1-yr sample. Aflatoxin G, was detected as the major type of aflatoxin in over 40% of all stored grain samples tested and over 92% of rice samples examined. The aflatoxin content in maize and rice is much lower than the regulated maximum amount allowed in foodstuffs in China and other countries. We concluded that these grains are safe for human and livestock consumption and for trading. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Liaoning Water Saving Agr, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Liu, ZX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Liaoning Water Saving Agr, Inst Appl Ecol, POB 417,72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM liuzuoxin@iae.ac.cn NR 31 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 468 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2005.09.003 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 075JP UT WOS:000239881300006 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Campbell, JF Arthur, FH AF Toews, M. D. Campbell, J. F. Arthur, F. H. TI Temporal dynamics and response to fogging or fumigation of stored-product Coleoptera in a grain processing facility SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; traps; stored products; methyl bromide; monitoring; food mill ID PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; UNITED-STATES; INSECTS; TRAP; FOOD; PYRALIDAE; PESTS; MILL AB Stored-product Coleoptera were monitored continuously over 22 months using pitfall traps at an operating food mill and adjacent warehouse in Kansas. Mill management practiced conventional pest management, including monthly crack and crevice applications of a residual insecticide and semi-annual fumigation with methyl bromide in the mill, and application of dichlorvos + pyrethrin (commonly called fogging) in the warehouse. The dynamic temporal changes in insect captures and effect of the global interventions on insect captures were analyzed. Data show that more Trogoderma variabile individuals were captured in the warehouse than any other species, but Tribolium castaneum was captured with greater frequency. Trogoderma variabile captures inside the warehouse tended to mirror outside captures suggesting immigration from the outside. The food mill was infested year round with T castaneum but developed substantial populations of Typhaea stercorea during the warm months from May through October. Stored-product insects were nearly always captured during the first trapping interval following methyl bromide or dichlorvos + pyrethrin applications, but it was not clear if the insects were surviving inside the structure or if they were rapidly recolonizing after treatment. Population increases immediately following fumigation or fogging occurred only in fungus-feeding species in late spring or summer. The most successful fumigation was conducted late in the autumn when environmental conditions prevented insect activity outside. Information contained in this study provides data that could be used to improve insect management programs for milling and processing facilities. \Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM mtoews@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 480 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2005.08.003 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 075JP UT WOS:000239881300007 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA AF Zerkowski, JA Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA TI Head group-modified sophorolipids: Synthesis of new cationic, zwitterionic, and anionic surfactants SO JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS LA English DT Article DE amino acids; bioconjugate; glycolipid; sophorolipid; surfactants ID CANDIDA-BOMBICOLA; SOPHOROSE LIPIDS AB Amino acid-glycolipid conjugates were prepared using carbodimide-mediated coupling methods. The amino acid units were multifunctional and possessed a para-aminobenzoic acid linker. The glycolipid used was a stearic sophoroside. The aim of preparing these modified sophorolipids was to increase their water solubility as well as to introduce sites at the polar head groups that permitted further chemical derivatization. After acidolytic or hydrogenolytic deprotection of the amino acid N-terminus or side chain, water-soluble compounds were obtained that displayed good surfactant properties. Critical micelle concentration values were clustered in the range of high 10(-6) to low 10(-5) M, and minimum surface tension values were below 40 mN m(-1). Two of the compounds represented more complicated structural classes, namely, gemini and bolaform surfactants. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zerkowski, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jzerkowski@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 1097-3958 J9 J SURFACTANTS DETERG JI J. Surfactants Deterg. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s11743-006-0375-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 019ZC UT WOS:000235876300006 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Erhan, SZ AF Doll, Kenneth M. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Synthesis and performance of surfactants based on epoxidized methyl oleate and glycerol SO JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS LA English DT Article DE bio-based surfactant; emulsifier; environmentally friendly; epoxidized methyl oleate; glycerol; polyglyceride; surface tension; surfactant ID POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS; EMULSIFICATION; EMULSIONS; POLYMERS; DESIGN; LIQUID; CARBON; ACID; OIL AB A small series of surfactants based on methyl oleate and glycerol was synthesized. The synthesis utilizes an epoxidation reaction of methyl oleate followed by a simple esterification. The resultant products have between two and seven glyceride units, and their performance properties, including aqueous surface tensions and dynamic aqueous surface tensions, were studied. The droplet size of soybean oil/water emulsions made with each surfactant was also studied. The surfactants show properties similar to alcohol ethoxylates, such as the reduction of aqueous surface tension to similar to 34 mN m(-1). Additionally, because the synthesis leaves the epoxide functionality in the surfactant, further modification for performance optimization is possible. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dollkm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 1097-3958 J9 J SURFACTANTS DETERG JI J. Surfactants Deterg. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s11743-006-5016-x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 121HN UT WOS:000243148800008 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Williams, MJ Coleman, SW AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Williams, Mary J. Coleman, Samuel W. TI Long-term effects of grazing and haying on soil nutrient dynamics in forage-based beef cattle operations SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grazing; haying; soil nutrient dynamics; subtropical pasture; forage-based pasture; best management practices; pasture fertilization; liming ID PHOSPHORUS; PASTURE AB Nutrient levels over a 15-year period (1988-2002) were compared to evaluate the long-term effects of differing pasture management treatments (grazed-only or grazed and hayed) on soil phosphorus (P) and other crop nutrients (K, Ca, and K) in subtropical pastures planted with either bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Flugge) or rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth)-mixed grass association (RP-G). Pasture management (P <= 0.001) significantly affected the levels of soil P and other crop nutrients. Mehlich-1 concentrations of P tended to be smaller (21%) in pasture fields that were both grazed and hayed than pasture fields that were grazed only. This may have occurred because hay removal lowered soil P levels. During the last 15 years (1988-2002), Mehlich-1 concentrations for P, K, Ca, Mg, and soil pH have declined by about 7, 38, 46, 6 1, and 23% in pastures with BG and 27, 55, 76, 56, and 22% for pasture fields with RP-G that were grazed in spring and bayed in early fall, respectively. Calcium appears to be decreasing more rapidly at a rate of 11.5 mg kg(-1) yr(-1) than Mg, which declined by about 0.8 mg kg(-1) yr(-1), leading to a significant increase in the Ca:Mg ratio (+2.4% yr(-1)). The combined grazing in spring and haying in early fall can be considered a pasture best management practice (BMP) for maintaining nutrient balance in the pastures, thereby avoiding the potential negative impact to the environment. The levels of soil P in 2002 (averaged across pasture management) of 57.6 +/- 23.4 mg kg(-1) was not high enough to he of environmental concern, so annual additions of P fertilizers especially for pastures with RP-G would still be practical to sustain forage productivity in subtropical beef cattle grazing system. Soil fertility management is important for ensuring that nutrient resources within the ecosystems arc depleted and that nutrients lost from haying are replenished through fertilizer additions. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. USDA, NRCS, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 115 EP 134 DI 10.1300/J064v29n03_10 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 134XR UT WOS:000244118300009 ER PT J AU Lozier, J Rayburn, E Shaw, J AF Lozier, John Rayburn, Ed Shaw, Jane TI The decision to finish cattle on pasture: An ethnographic approach SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE beef; cattle; ethnography; farm; naturalistic; niche; pasture; proficient; risk AB Conventional cattle enterprises send grain-finished beef to a commodity market. Pasture-finishing offers farmers better returns in an alternative "niche" market with different Costs, uncertainties and risks, Such enterprise decisions are not well-structured problems soluble with classical decision analysis. Instead, they require an ethnographic process of "framing" from a personal viewpoint. Here we examine the natural and Cultural setting of beef cattle enterprise systems, and their time frame for action planning and implementation. We present four brief case studies of farmers who practice pasture-finishing. An "ethnographic decision model" (EDM) asks farmers about their personal, material, social and financial resources. In behavioral decision theory, a parallel line of research is "naturalistic decision making" (NDM), focused on the proficiency of decision makers dealing with ill-structured problems, incomplete information, uncertainty, and urgency. Pasture-finished beef production can be an addition to a risk-reducing portfolio of enterprises. The key is classification of the herd into two groups, destined either for the niche market or for the commodity market. When forage growth conditions are unfavorable, the niche group receives preference and commodity animals get second best. C1 Harping Harmony Fdn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Extens Serv, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Verona, VA 24482 USA. RP Lozier, J (reprint author), Harping Harmony Fdn, 428 Van Gilder, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ji@harpingforharmony.org; edward.rayburn@mail.wvu.edu; jane.shaw@va.usda.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 5 EP 23 DI 10.1300/J064v28n03_03\ PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 075GR UT WOS:000239872900002 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Bala, FM Rowe, DE Owens, PR AF Adeli, A Bala, FM Rowe, DE Owens, PR TI Effects of drying intervals and repeated rain events on runoff nutrient dynamics from soil treated with broiler litter SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE broiler litter; runoff; timing; repeated rainfall; Bermuda grass ID TERM LAND APPLICATION; POULTRY LITTER; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; FESCUE PLOTS; MANURE; NITROGEN; QUALITY; ALGAE AB Even though the effect of poultry litter application on runoff nutrient concentrations has been thoroughly evaluated, the timing of broiler litter application and estimated runoff nutrient dynamics are not well documented. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how time to rainfall and repeated rain events affect nutrient concentrations and dynamics in runoff from a Ruston sandy loam (fine, mixed active, thermic Aquic Hapludults) soil established with Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.). Air-dried soil was packed into runoff boxes (144 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 10 cm deep) to a bulk density of 1.30 g cm(-3). Hybrid Bermuda grass was established by plugging (26 plugs per box). Broiler litter was broadcast at the rate of 9 Mg ha(-1). Simulated rainfall (27 mm h(-1)) was applied until 15 min of runoff was collected at 0, 3, 6, and 9 d after broiler litter application. Also, 8 successive rainfall events were applied at 3-d intervals to the soil incubated for 9-d with broiler litter and commercial fertilizer and runoff was collected for 15 min for each rain event. Increasing time between litter application and rainfall event from 0 to 9 d reduced runoff of total N, NH4-N and NO3-N by 50, 64, and 31%, respectively. Total P and dissolved P concentrations in runoff decreased to 35 and 43% of initial time of application values (0 d), respectively. Runoff N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn concentrations decreased with successive rain events and approached the ones in unfertilized soil. Avoiding litter applications during periods of possible high intensity rainfall reduces the potential environmental hazard. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Fbala@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov; Drowe@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov; POwens@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1300/J064v28n01_07 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 056IJ UT WOS:000238515400006 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Morris, DR AF Glaz, Barry Morris, Dolen R. TI Sugarcane morphological, photosynthetic, and growth responses to water-table depth SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE agronomic sustainability; Everglades Agricultural Area; flood; flood tolerance ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; EVERGLADES; STRESS; LEAVES; AREA AB High water tables threaten the sustainability of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), the primary crop of Florida's Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water-table depth on morphological characters, single-leaf net photosynthetic rate (Ps), and growth of sugarcane. In pot studies, single stools of sugarcane cultivar CP 80-1743 were grown at eight equally spaced water-table depths from 5 to 33 cm (2 to 13 in). Large-tiller number of CP 80-1743 increased by 0.2 for each cm (0.4 in) increase of water-table depth, and stalk diameter increased as water-table depth increased from 5 through 23 cm (2 through 9 in). In lysimeter studies, responses of two genotypes to,periodic floods and several water-table depths were compared. Yields of genotype CP 95-1429 were not affected by water-table depth and CP 95-1429 had similar stalk numbers and diameters across water-depth treatments. Yields of genotype CP 95-1376 increased as water-table depth increased, and stalk numbers and diameters of CP 95-1376 also increased as water-table depth increased. Quantifying large tiller number and stalk, diameter in sugarcane should facilitate identification of genotypes and agronomic practices with improved tolerance to shallow water-tables. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@saa.ars.usda.gov; dmorris@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 77 EP 97 DI 10.1300/J064v28n03_07 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 075GR UT WOS:000239872900006 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Kindiger, B Webber, CL AF Russo, VM Kindiger, B Webber, CL TI Pumpkin yield and weed populations following annual ryegrass SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE broadleaf; monocot; reduced-till; rotation; varieties ID COVER CROP; FORAGE AB Sustainable production can sometimes be achieved with diversification of cropping patterns and by the use of disparate crops in rotation. Following a forage grass harvest for feed it may be possible to produce a cucurbit crop before it is time to reseed an overwintering,grass cover crop. Pumpkins may be a crop that can be grown in rotation with grasses. Five annual Italian ryegrass varieties of varying maturity ["Shiwasuaoba" (early); "Miniamioba" and "Waseyutaka" (medium); "Marshall" and "Zorro" (late)] were established in the fall. In early summer of the following year the grasses were harvested, their yield determined, and the stubble left in place. The control was composed of winter wheat which was harvested in the spring and the stubble turned under and the soil maintained without cover. Seed of pumpkin, cv. ProGold 300, were sown into strips tilled in the ryegrass stubble or bare soil. Number and weight of pumpkins were determined. Weed cover in plots following pumpkin harvest was determined. Plots were seeded with the ryegrasses or wheat, with the procedures repeated over two years. Marketable number and yield of pumpkin were not affected by cover or year of planting and averaged 1,755 fruit/ha and 5.9 Mg(.)ha(-1), respectively, over both years. The percent of pumpkin fruit of the expected size for this cultivar, > 7.25 kg, was 41% in the first year and 26% in the second year. Approximately 68% of fruit from plants on bare soil, and 27% from plants on soil covered with ryegrass stubble, were > 7.25 kg. Total weed cover was not different on bare soil between years (avg. 86%), and dicot weeds were greater in 2002 than 2003. Total weed cover in ryegrass plots averaged about 36% in 2002 and 93% in 2003. Dicot weed cover in ryegrass stubble plots were not different between years or ryegrass variety and averaged 32%. Monocot weed cover was significantly lower in 2002, 5%, than in 2003, 57%, regardless of cover. There is a need for additional studies in ryegrass-pumpkin rotation before recommendations can be made for its implementation in southeastern Oklahoma. C1 USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org; bkindige@grl.ars.usda.gov; cwebber-usda@lane-ag.org OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1300/J064v28n01_08 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 056IJ UT WOS:000238515400007 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR McLaughlin, MR AF Sistani, K. R. McLaughlin, M. R. TI Soil nutrient dynamics from swine effluent application to common bermudagrass overseeded with cool-season annuals SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE swine effluent; bermudagrass; annual grasses; nutrient; ryegrass; clover; nitrogen; phosphorus ID LAGOON EFFLUENT; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; FORAGE YIELD; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; MANURE; QUALITY; GRASSES; FIELD AB A 3-year study was conducted to investigate the major nutrient dynamics in soil receiving swine effluent as the sole source of plant nutrients for warm-season perennial bermudagrass and cool-season annuals. Berseem and crimson clovers, ryegrass, and wheat were seeded in common bermudagrass for a year-round nutrient uptake and spring through Summer haying. Bermudagrass dry matter of 9.0 mg ha(-1) (3-yr average) was not impacted by the overseeding treatments. Most of the Soil nutrient element concentrations increased during the study, particularly phosphorus in top 5 cm of the soil Surface. The increase of Fe and NO3-N concentration at the 0-5 cm depth was high. Double cropping can be a better practice than growing bermudagrass alone, but, the effluent nutrient application must be coordinated with the nutrient requirements of the growing forages in order to minimize the build up of any nutrient in the soil. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM ksistani@ars.usda.gov; mmclaughlin@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 101 EP 116 DI 10.1300/J064v28n02_08 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 066KJ UT WOS:000239228000007 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Mays, DA Dawkins, RA AF Sistani, K. R. Mays, D. A. Dawkins, R. A. TI Tall fescue fertilized with alum-treated and untreated broiler litter: Runoff, soil, and plant nutrient content SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE alum; fescue; poultry litter; broiler; nutrient; manure management ID POULTRY LITTER; BY-PRODUCTS; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; MANURE; AMENDMENTS; NITROGEN; SULFATE; PLOTS AB Land application of poultry litter as fertilizer may lead to impaired surface and ground water quality. An experiment was conducted at Crossville, AL to study the effects of alum [Al-2(SO4)(3)center dot 14H(2)O] treatment of broiler litter on the yield and nutrient uptake of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) and the nutrient content of runoff water exited from treated plots. Alum was used at the rate of 0, 545 and 1090 kg per 1464 m(2) (12 m X 122 m) of the Poultry house. The low rate is the one recommended by Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) in Alabama. Soil samples were collected from the research plots at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of each growing season from 0-7.5, 7.6-15, and 16-30 cm depth. Runoff samples were collected from each plot after each rainfall event that caused runoff. Alum treatments had no effect on tall fescue dry matter yield, and the herbage nutrient concentrations were within acceptable limits. We observed significant reductions in the runoff concentrations of NH4-N (28.6 mg L-1 for untreated litter vs. 15.0 mg L-1 for alum-treated litter), total P (11.5 mg L-1 vs. 5.1 mg L-1), soluble reactive P (10.4 mg L-1 vs. 4.7 mg L-1), and particulate P (1.9 mg L-1 vs. 0.8 mg L-1). This practice should receive serious consideration as a method of reducing the adverse environmental impact of broiler chicken production when the litter is applied to pasture land. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Huntsville, AL USA. Auburn Univ, Expt Stn, Crossville, AL 35962 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett LN, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM ksistani@ars.usda.gov; docmays@bellsouth.net; tdawkins@acesag.auburn.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1300/J064v28n03_09 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 075GR UT WOS:000239872900008 ER PT J AU Alva, AK AF Alva, A. K. TI Sustainable nutrient management in sandy soils - Fate and transport of nutrients from animal manure versus inorganic sources SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE bromide tracer; nitrification; nitrogen mineralization; organic nitrogen; soil residual nitrogen; soil wetting and drying ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; UREA HYDROLYSIS; NITROGEN; GROUNDWATER; KINETICS; NITRATE AB Sustainable agricultural production practices contribute to minimize the potential negative effects on the environment including reduction in non-point source pollution of groundwater, in addition to various other environmentally sustainable goals. Understanding nutrient leaching patterns from different nutrient sources in a sandy soil is important to develop management alternatives to minimize nutrient leaching, improve nutrient uptake efficiency, thus to make the system Sustainable as well as economically attractive. Leaching column experiment was conducted using Quincy fine sand packed to simulate the natural soil profile of 120 cm depth. The treatments included (1) unamended; (2) 100 kg N ha(-1) as urea; (3) 100 kg ha(-1) each of N and P as urea and KH2PO4; and (4) 200 kg N ha(-1) as manure. All columns received uniform bromide (Br-) applications at 112 kg ha(-1), as KBr and leached with 5 pore volumes (PV; 45 L) of water. The Br- was leached entirely in the second PV of leachate, and Br- retention in the soil was negligible. Leaching of NH4-N was considerably lower than that of NO3-N. Leaching Of PO4-P was negligible in the first 3 PV, but increased rapidly during the subsequent leaching. The amount of P leached was much greater from the soil amended with urea plus KH2PO4 than that with the manure. The residual soil N after the completion of leaching of 5 PV of water showed NH4-N concentrations <= 1.5 mg kg(-1) through the entire depth of the soil column, across all treatments. C1 ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM aalva@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1300/J064v28n04_11 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 098PZ UT WOS:000241536600010 ER PT J AU Reicks, DL Munoz-Zanzi, C Mengeling, W Christopher-Hennings, J Lager, K Polson, D Dee, S Rossow, K AF Reicks, DL Munoz-Zanzi, C Mengeling, W Christopher-Hennings, J Lager, K Polson, D Dee, S Rossow, K TI Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in semen and serum of boars during the first six days after inoculation SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE swine; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; boar; semen; polymerase chain reaction ID SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; PERSISTENCE; TISSUES; PCR AB Objectives: To determine, during the first 6 days post inoculation, when porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be detected in serum or semen by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the impact of pooling on detection of PRRSV by PCR; and the possible association between rectal temperature and detection of PRRSV in serum by PCR. Materials and methods: Forty mature boars (four groups of 10) were inoculated intranasally with PRRSV variant MN 30-100. Serum and semen samples were collected on a rotating basis from one group every 12 hours for 6 days and tested for PRRSV by PCR. Rectal temperatures were recorded for all 40 boars at 12-hour intervals. Results: Serum samples became PCR-positive before semen samples. During the first 6 days after inoculation, serum was PRRSV positive in 36 of 40 boars, and semen was PRRSV-positive in four of 40 boars. Median time to detection was 36 and 48 hours for nested PCR and Taqman PCR, respectively. Results were inconsistent when a positive semen sample was pooled with negative semen. Elevated rectal temperature was not associated with PCR-positive serum or semen results. Implications: Under the conditions of this study, PCR is more sensitive and detects PRRSV infected boars earlier in serum than in semen. Pooling of positive semen samples provides variable PCR results. Rectal temperatures are not correlated with PCR-positive results. Sampling techniques are needed to more easily obtain serum samples for PCR from boars once or twice weekly at the time of semen collection. C1 Swine Vet Ctr, St Peter, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA USA. S Dakota State Univ, Anim Dis Res & Diagnost Lab, Brookings, SD USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmed, Ames, IA USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Swine Dis Eradicat Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Reicks, DL (reprint author), 1608 S Minnesota Ave,POB 269, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. EM dreicks@swinevetcenter.com NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1537-209X J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 998OW UT WOS:000234329500007 ER PT J AU Castro, W Perez, JM Erhan, SZ Caputo, F AF Castro, W Perez, JM Erhan, SZ Caputo, F TI A study of the oxidation and wear properties of vegetable oils: Soybean oil without additives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE friction and wear; oxidation; soybean oil; vegetable oils ID LUBRICANTS AB The use of biodegradable lubricants in diverse applications continues to increase. Vegetable oils (e.g., soybean oil) are the main biodegradable lubricant base stocks used worldwide. However, there are concerns about their oxidative stability and low-temperature performance. Improvements in oxidative stability can be made through chemical or genetic modifications. This work compared the effects of oils with different chemical compositions. Soybean oil, high-oleic soybean oil, and epoxidized soybean oil were compared in laboratory bench tests. The tests conducted include the Penn State sequential four-ball wear test and the Penn State micro-oxidation test. Oxidation products from the micro-oxidation test were analyzed by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography. In this paper, all oils were evaluated neat, without additives. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Petr Venezuela SA, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1174-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 011IY UT WOS:000235263000008 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE AF Hummer, KE TI Blue honeysuckle: A new berry crop for North America SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Cultivars of blue honeysuckle, Lonicera caerulea L., have been recently introduced into North America from Russia. In addition, wild material has been collected from Russia, Japan and China and is now preserved at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon. Blue honeysuckle has potential as a commercial berry crop for northern latitudes. Russian cultivars were released in the 1980's and 1990's and are now available in North America. These cultivars bloom and ripen early in the season, and can yield between 2 and 3 kg/plant. The berry shape is similar to an elongated or cylindrical blueberry and the fruit flavor ranges from tart sugar/acid to bland. The fruit varies from about 1 to 2 g/berry, has high Vitamin C levels, and high antioxidant content. This crop could provide an additional opportunity for small fruit growers in high latitudes and colder climates to diversify their production for high-end specialty crop markets. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 009XU UT WOS:000235147700001 ER PT J AU Hummer, K AF Hummer, K TI Dr. Oliver "Cecil" Compton, emeritus professor, Oregon State University, Department of Horticulture SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 1 BP 46 EP 47 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 009XU UT WOS:000235147700008 ER PT J AU Georgelis, N Scott, JW Baldwin, EA AF Georgelis, N Scott, JW Baldwin, EA TI Inheritance of high sugars from tomato accession PI 270248 and environmental variation between seasons SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme; epistasis; fructose; glucose; heritability; solar radiation ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; FRESH MARKET TOMATOES; CHEMICAL TRAITS; FRUIT; FLAVOR; QUALITY; ACCUMULATION; COMPONENTS; SOLIDS; CROSS AB Small-fruited cherry tomato accession PI 270248 [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A,. Gray] with high fruit sugars was crossed to large-fruited inbred line Fla.7833-1-1-1 (7833) (L. esculentum) that had normal (low) fruit sugars. The F-1 was crossed to PI 270248 and 7833 to obtain BCP1 and BCP2, respectively, and self-pollinated to obtain F-2 seed. The resulting population was used to study the inheritance of high sugars from PI 270248. Continuous sugar level frequency distributions of BCP1 BCP2, and F-2 suggest that the trait is under polygenic control. Additive variation was significant, but dominance variation was not. There was a heterozygote x heterozygote type of epistasis present that likely caused the F-1 sugar level to skew nearly to the level of the high sugar parent. The F-2 mean sugar level was lower than the midparent level. Broad-sense heritability was 0.86. There was a significant line x season (fall, spring) interaction where lines with higher sugars were affected more by seasons than lines with lower sugars. Sugar level, in general, was higher in spring. Higher solar radiation in spring than in fall may explain the sugar level difference between the seasons. C1 Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Georgelis, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 001XW UT WOS:000234577000006 ER PT J AU McCreight, JD AF McCreight, JD TI Melon-powdery mildew interactions reveal variation in melon cultigens and Podosphaera xanthii races 1 and 2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; disease; genetics; germplasm; Cucumis meto; muskmelon; pathotypes; physiological race; resistant blister; Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Sphaerotheca fusca; virulence ID SPHAEROTHECA-FULIGINEA; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; CAUSAL AGENT; CUCUMIS-MELO; RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; MUSKMELON; CUCURBITS; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE AB Powdery mildew is a serious disease of melon (Cucumis melo L.) worldwide. Twenty-two melon cultigens have been used to define 22 reported races of the pathogen Podosphaera xanthii (sect. Sphaerotheca) xanthii (Castag.) U. Braun & N. Shish. Comb. nov. [syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll.]. Discrepancies in the reactions of eight cultigens to populations of P. xanthii races 1 and 2 in California, Japan, and Spain revealed genetic differences among them that can be used to differentiate P. xanthii race 1 and 2 populations in these countries. Implicit in these results is the existence of previously unknown virulence factors in these populations of P. xanthii races I and 2 that permit designation of new races of P. xanthii on melon. Synthesis of these results with previous reports resulted in the identification of 28 putative races of P. xanthii on melon that include eight variants of race 1 and six variants of race 2. Six of the cultigens exhibited resistant blisters in response to heavy infection by P. xanthii in field and greenhouse tests. C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP McCreight, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 001XW UT WOS:000234577000009 ER PT J AU Hodges, DM Lester, GE AF Hodges, DM Lester, GE TI Comparisons between orange- and green-fleshed non-netted and orange-fleshed netted muskmelons: Antioxidant changes following different harvest and storage periods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA L.; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SALMONELLA-POONA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TERM STORAGE; 2 CULTIVARS; FRUIT SIZE; SENESCENCE; CAPACITY AB The consumption of netted muskmelons (Cucumis melo L. Reticulatus group) has raised health concerns due to pathogenic bacteria attaching to sites on the netted rind inaccessible to sanitation. The purpose of this study was to compare 1) the enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidant capacity between representative cultivars of netted muskmelon and both green- and orange-fleshed honey dew muskmelons during storage for 17 days and 2) levels of non-nutrient phytochemicals between these genotypes in consideration of ultimately substituting netted orange-fleshed with nonnetted orange-fleshed muskmelon. Netted muskmelon (`Cruiser'), green-fleshed (`Honey Brew'), and orange-fleshed (`Orange Dew') muskmelons were harvested in Texas at the beginning (21 May) and at the end (11 June) of the production season in 2004. Fruit were analyzed immediately (day 0) or stored simulating retail conditions for 7 or 14 days at 7 degrees C and 95% +/- 2% relative humidity plus 3 days at 21 degrees C. Both `Orange Dew' and `Honey Brew' non-netted cultivars evinced similar and less lipid peroxidation, and hence postharvest senescence, during the 17-day storage period than the netted muskmelon `Cruiser'. In comparison with `Cruiser', `Orange Dew' generally exhibited higher concentrations of beta-carotene and phenolics and, with few exceptions, higher activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (AsPX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (FOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Higher AsPX and SOD activities in both `Orange Dew' and `Honey Brew' appear to confer a greater resistance to lipid peroxidation in these muskmelon genotypes than to the netted `Cruiser'. `Orange Dew' also appears to be a healthier food choice not only due to its lack of a netted rind which could potentially harbour human illness-related pathogens, but also that it is superior to both `Cruiser' and `Honey Brew' in overall beta-carotene and phenolic levels. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlant Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hodges, DM (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlant Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. EM HodgesM@agr.gc.ca NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 110 EP 117 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 001XW UT WOS:000234577000016 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC AF Beaulieu, JC TI Volatile changes in cantaloupe during growth, maturation, and in stored fresh-cuts prepared from fruit harvested at various maturities SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aroma; Cucumis melo; flavor; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; maturity; melon; minimal processing; solid phase microextraction ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; MELONS CUCUMIS-MELO; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; ALCOHOL ACETYLTRANSFERASE; MUSKMELON FRUIT; AROMA VOLATILES; STORAGE; COMPONENTS; QUALITY; MODEL AB A likely reason why consumers are not repeat buyers of many fresh-cut fruit is inconsistent or unsatisfactory flavor and/or textural quality. Research toward understanding mechanisms responsible for generation, and/or loss of flavor compounds in fresh-cut fruit is limited. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized to study flavor volatile profiles in anthesis-tagged cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud. cv. Sol Real) during growth, development, and for fresh-cuts prepared from fruit with five distinctly different harvest maturities. One-quarter-slip fruit had a clearly green, well-attached peduncle; 1/2-slip fruit had a distinct abscission detectable at the peduncle, 3/4-slip fruit were approaching commercial harvest, full-slip (FS) fruit are or will cleanly separate from the vine with light pressure; and over-ripeness (OR) was precisely categorized as 2 days past FS. Recovery of total volatiles displayed a linear response and most volatile classes (except aldehydes) generally followed a trend upon processing where FS > 3/4-slip > 1/2-slip > 1/4-slip. On day 0, only 70.0%, 37.7%, and 20.5% total volatiles were recovered in 3/4-slip, 1/2-slip, and 1/4-slip fruit, compared to FS fruit. During fresh-cut storage, percent total esters followed an increasing linear trend that was maturity-dependent. Percent total aromatics and percent aldehydes followed a linear trend that was maturity-dependent whereby 1/4-slip > 1/2-slip > 3/4-slip > FS. During storage, the relative percentage of acetates decreased, and displayed a maturity-dependent curvilinear trend. The magnitude of the slope decreased with maturity, indicating that the effect of storage time decreased as maturity increased. In FS, 3/4-slip, 1/2-slip, and 1/4-slip cubes, acetates comprised 66.9% of all compounds recovered on day 0 vet, only 26.1% to 44.2%, and 21.3% to 32.6% remained on days 9 and 14, respectively. For all maturities, a curvilinear increase in relative percentage of nonacetate esters was observed during storage. There was a uniform change in the ester balance (nonacetate ester:acetate ratio) during fresh-cut storage, which was independent of initial processing maturity. The overall ester ratio changed roughly 2-fold after just 2 days in optimum storage, and after 5 days it increased more than 3-fold. The shift in endogenous ester compounds could be partially responsible for the apparent loss of characteristic flavor in fresh-cut cantaloupe through long-term storage. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM beaulieu@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 65 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 127 EP 139 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 001XW UT WOS:000234577000019 ER PT J AU Yates, IE Sparks, D AF Yates, IE Sparks, D TI Fusarium verticillioides migration in attached and detached sweet corn ears SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; mycotoxins; selection gene; hygromycin resistance; reporter gene; beta-glucuronidase; bioassay ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; MONILIFORME; MAIZE; TRANSFORMATION; INFECTION; MYCOTOXINS; STRAINS; GROWTH; PLANTS; ROOTS AB Mycotoxins harmful to humans and other animals are produced in kernels of sweet corn (Zea nays L.) during colonization by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg. Experimentation is limited under field conditions, due to the seasonality of the organisms, to once each year in temperate climates and under greenhouse conditions by the number of plants that can be grown. The objective of this study was to examine grocer ears (pistillate inflorescence) from retail stores as an alternative source for experimental material to use in bioassays to study this important food safety problem. Fusarium verticillioides migration was compared in sweet corn ears from a local grocery store and from greenhouse and field plants. Ears were inoculated with a F. verticillioides transformant tagged with a selection gene encoding resistance to hygromycin, a fungicidal antibiotic, and with a reporter gene encoding for beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme detectable by histochemical staining. Screening kernels for both genes ensures unequivocal identification of the source of subsequent mycelia. Fusarium verticillioides colonized sweet corn ears towards the ear apex and base from the inoculation site regardless of ear source, incubation protocol, or attachment of the ear to the plant or to the shuck (spathe) and silks (styles) to the ear. Thus, ears from retail grocers can serve as experimental material for analyzing sweet corn and F. verticillioides interactions throughout the year. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30501 USA. RP Yates, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 6477, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM iyates@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 157 EP 163 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 001XW UT WOS:000234577000022 ER PT J AU Smith, LL Herrmann, KA Wysocki, VH AF Smith, LL Herrmann, KA Wysocki, VH TI Investigation of gas phase ion structure for proline-containing b(2) ion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; CHARGED TRYPTIC PEPTIDES; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; AB-INITIO; FRAGMENTATION; SPECTRA; CLEAVAGE; DATABASE AB Unusual fragmentation was observed for doubly charged VPDPR in which cleavage C-terminal to proline and N-terminal to aspartic acid yielded b(2) (+ a(2))/Y-3 complementary ions. This unique fragmentation is contradictory to trends previously established by statistical analysis of peptide tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra [1-4]. Substitution of alanine for aspartic acid (i.e., VPAPR) did not change the fragmentation, indicating the cleavage was not directed by aspartic acid. Fragmentation patterns for VPAPR and V(NmA)APR (NmA = N-methyl alanine) were compared to determine whether conformational constraints from proline's cyclic side-chain contribute to b2 ion formation. While both peptide sequences fragmented to yield b(2)/Y-3 ions, only VPAPR produced a, ions, suggesting the VP b(2) ion is structurally different from the V(NmA) b(2) ion. Instead, the V(NmA) b(2) ion was accompanied by an ion corresponding to formal loss of 71. The suspected structural differences were confirmed by isolation and fragmentation of the respective b(2) ions (i.e., MS3 spectra). Evidence supporting a diketopiperazine structure for the VP b(2) ion is reported. Fragmentation patterns for the VP b(2) ion and a synthetic VP diketopiperazine showed great similarity. N-terminal acetylation of VPAPR prevented the formation of the VP b(2) ion, presumably by blocking nucleophilic attack by the N-terminal amine on the carbonyl oxygen of the protonation site. Acetylation of the N-terminus for V(NmA)APR did not prevent the formation of the V(NmA) b(2) ion, indicating the V(NmA) b(2) ion has a structure, presumably that of an oxazolone, which requires no attack by the N-terminus for formation. Finally, high-resolution, accurate mass measurements determined that the V(NmA) (b(2) - 71) ion results from losing a portion of valine from oxazolone V(NmA) b(2) ion, rather than cross-ring cleavage of the alternate diketopiperazine. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY USA. RP Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, 1306 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM vwysocki@email.arizona.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM R015387, R01 GM051387-11, R01 GM051387] NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.06.016 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 001FW UT WOS:000234520000004 PM 16338148 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MR Budde, AD Marinac, LA AF Schmitt, Mark R. Budde, Allen D. Marinac, Laurie A. TI Research mash: A simple procedure for conducting Congress mashes using reduced quantities of malt SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE barley; breeding; micromalting; quality analysis; wort ID IMPACT AB The use of simple benchtop devices capable of temperature-controlled vortex mixing of small samples is examined for the generation of small-scale Congress worts. Small (< 200 mg) quantities of standard ASBC fine-grind malts suspended in 1.5 mL of water by continuous vortex mixing and exposed to the Congress mash thermal profile were used to produce reduced-volume worts. Modifications of several standard ASBC malt analysis methodologies to accommodate the reduced sample size yielded malt quality parameter estimates for the small-scale worts that were representative of the values obtained by traditional-scale mashing and quality analysis. Thus, the small-volume worts produced using the benchtop devices are similar to traditional-scale worts and may be useful for investigations into the properties of worts. The research mash protocol is particularly useful in those situations where the supply of malt is insufficient for traditional-scale mashing or where larger-scale mash baths are not available. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Schmitt, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 502 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM markschmitt@wisc.edu NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PY 2006 VL 64 IS 4 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1094/ASBCJ-64-0181 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 108RR UT WOS:000242257400001 ER PT J AU Barrows, FT Lellis, WA AF Barrows, FT Lellis, WA TI Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SWIM BLADDER INFLATION; INTENSIVE CULTURE; FRY AB Two methods were developed for the production of larval fish diets. The first method, microextrusion marumerization (MEM), has been tested in laboratory feeding trials for many years and produces particles that are palatable and water stable. The second method, particle-assisted rotational agglomeration (PARA), produced diets that have lower density than diets produced by MEM. Each method was used to produce diets in the 250- to 400- and 400- to 700-mu m range and compared with a reference diet (Fry Feed Kyowa* [FFK]) for feeding larval walleye in two experiments. The effect of substituting 4% of the fish meal with freeze-dried artemia fines was also investigated. In the first experiment, 30-d survival was greater (P < 0.05) for fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia (49.1.0%) than for fish fed the same diet produced by MEM (27.6%). The addition of Artemia to a diet produced by MEM did not increase survival of larval walleye. Fish fed the reference diet had 24.4% survival. In the second experiment, there was an effect of both processing method and Artemia supplementation, and an interaction of these effects, on survival. Fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia supplementation had 48.4% survival, and fish fed the same diet produced by MEM had only 19.6% survival. Inclusion of 4% freeze-dried Artemia improved (P < 0.04) survival of fish fed MEM particles but not those fed PARA particles. Fish fed FFK had greater weight gain than fish fed other diets in both experiments. Data indicate that the PARA method of diet processing produces smaller, lower density particles than the MEM process and that diets produced by the PARA process support higher survival of larval walleye with low capital and operating costs. C1 USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Res & Dev Labs, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Barrows, FT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059 H Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00021.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 050HZ UT WOS:000238079400002 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Bayles, DO Novak, JS AF Tunick, MH Bayles, DO Novak, JS TI DSC analysis of foodborne bacteria SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE bacteria; Clostridium; differential scanning calorimetry; Listeria; ribosomes ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; THERMAL-DENATURATION; COLD SHOCK; CELLS; DEATH AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is applicable to studying the thermal properties of bacteria when treated with heat, cold, or antibiotics. Foodborne pathogens are inactivated by heat, and denaturation transitions observed by DSC indicate potential sites of cellular injury. Ribosomes, which are the sites for messenger RNA translation, are one critical component of thermal damage as evidenced by characteristic denaturation transitions in the 66-74 degrees C range. These transitions disappear when cells of Clostridium perfringens are subjected to heat, suggesting structural or conformational changes to ribosomal proteins, and when cells of Listeria monocytogenes are cold-shocked by refrigeration, indicating ribosomal dissociation. DSC can be used to show that refrigeration followed by heat treatment improves the killing of dangerous microorganisms. C1 Agr Res Serv, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtunick@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-7042-8 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 014BA UT WOS:000235452500004 ER PT J AU Dietenberger, MA AF Dietenberger, MA TI Using a quasi-heat-pulse method to determine heat and moisture transfer properties for porous orthotropic wood products or cellular solid materials SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE cellular solid materials; heat/moisture transfer properties; Luikov equations solutions; porous orthotropic wood ID THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; MASS-TRANSFER; CONDUCTIVITY AB Understanding heat and moisture transfer in a wood specimen as used in the K-tester has led to an unconventional numerical solution and intriguing protocol to deriving the transfer properties. Laplace transform solutions of Luikov's differential equations are derived for one-dimensional heat and moisture transfer in porous hygroscopic orthotropic materials and for a gradual finite heat pulse applied to both surfaces of a flat slab. The K-tester 637 (Lasercomp) supplies a quasi-heat-pulse to both sides of a 2-ft-square specimen and records precise signals as function of time from surface thermocouples and heat flux thermopiles. We obtained transfer properties for moist and oven-dried redwood lumber flooring. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Dietenberger, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mdietenberger@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-7068-y PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 014BA UT WOS:000235452500020 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Waters, WR Thacker, TC Stoffregen, WC Thomsen, BV AF Palmer, MV Waters, WR Thacker, TC Stoffregen, WC Thomsen, BV TI Experimentally induced infection of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) with Mycobacterium bovis SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium bovis; Rangifer tarandus; reindeer; tuberculin; tuberculosis ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; AMPLIFICATION; ORGANISMS; TISSUES; CATTLE AB In the USA, all species of Cervidae are included in the USDA's uniform methods and rules for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis and, therefore, are subject to regulations regarding intradermal tuberculin testing. In reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), infection with Mycobacterium bovis is exceedingly rare and the response of reindeer to infection with M. bovis in pathologic and immunologic terms is unknown. The objectives of the study reported here were to describe the pathologic changes associated with M. bovis infection in reindeer and evaluate the effectiveness of intradermal tuberculin testing as a means of diagnosis of tuberculosis in reindeer. Thirteen reindeer were inoculated intratonsilarly with 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) of M. bovis, and 4 noninoculated reindeer served as negative controls. The comparative cervical test (CCT) was done on all reindeer 90 and 240 days after inoculation. Thirteen months after inoculation, all reindeer were euthanized and examined. All experimentally inoculated reindeer developed lesions in the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The CCT accurately identified all M. bovis-inoculated reindeer, but false-positive results were common among negative-control reindeer. Modifications of the method for interpretation of the CCT decreased false-positive results without increasing false-negative results. Reindeer are susceptible to infection with M. bovis; however, lesions are fewer in number, less severe in nature, and less widely disseminated than are those seen in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Comparative cervical skin testing of reindeer can be highly sensitive, but has low specificity. Specificity can be improved by modification of criteria for interpretation of the CCT. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 006CC UT WOS:000234871700007 PM 16566257 ER PT J AU Tiwary, AK Stegelmeier, BL Panter, KE James, LF Hall, JO AF Tiwary, AK Stegelmeier, BL Panter, KE James, LF Hall, JO TI Comparative toxicosis of sodium selenite and selenomethionine in lambs SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE selenium; selenomethionine; sheep; sodium selenite toxicosis; vitamin E ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DIETARY METHIONINE; VITAMIN-E; TOXICITY; SHEEP; RAT; SELENATE; TISSUES; CYTOTOXICITY; ERYTHROCYTES AB Excess consumption of selenium (Se) accumulator plants can result in selenium intoxication. The objective of the study reported here was to compare the acute toxicosis caused by organic selenium (selenomethionine) found in plants with that caused by the supplemental, inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenite). Lambs were orally administered a single dose of selenium as either sodium selenite or selenomethionine and were monitored for 7 days, after which the were euthanized and necropsied. Twelve randomly assigned treatment groups consisted of animals given 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of Se/kg of body weight as sodium selenite, or 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 mg of Se/kg as selenomethionine. Sodium selenite at dosages of 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg, as well as selenomethionine at dosages of 4, 6, and 8 mg/kg resulted in tachypnea and/or respiratory distress following minimal exercise. Severity and time to recovery varied, and were dose dependent. Major histopathologic findings in animals of the high-dose groups included multifocal myocardial necrosis and pulmonary alveolar vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Analysis of liver, kidney cortex, heart, blood. and serum revealed linear, dose-dependent increases in selenium concentration. However, tissue selenium concentration in selenomethionine-treated lambs were significantly greater than that in lambs treated with equivalent doses of sodium selenite. To estimate the oxidative effects of these selenium compounds in vivo, liver vitamin E concentration also was measured. Sodium selenite, but not selenomethionine administration resulted in decreased liver vitamin E concentration. Results of this study indicate that the chemical form of the ingested Se must be known to adequately interpret tissue, blood, and serum Se concentrations. C1 Utah State Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Hall, JO (reprint author), Utah State Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 41 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 006CC UT WOS:000234871700008 PM 16566258 ER PT J AU King, DP Ferris, NP Shaw, AE Reid, SM Hutchings, GH Giuffre, AC Robida, JM Callahan, JD Nelson, WM Beckham, TR AF King, DP Ferris, NP Shaw, AE Reid, SM Hutchings, GH Giuffre, AC Robida, JM Callahan, JD Nelson, WM Beckham, TR TI Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus: comparative diagnostic sensitivity of two independent real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease virus; real-time reverse transcription-polymnerase chain reaction; 5 ' untranslated region ID RAPID DETECTION; SEROTYPES AB Rapid and accurate diagnosis is central to the effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). It is now recognized that reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays call play all important role in the routine detection of FMD virus (FMDV) in clinical samples. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of 2 independent real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays targeting the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) and RNA polymerase (3D) to detect FMDV in clinical samples. There was concordance between the results generated by the 2 assays for 88.1% (347 of 394) of RNA samples extracted from Suspensions of epithelial tissue obtained from Suspect FMD cases. The comparison between the 2 tests highlighted 19 FMDV isolates (13 for the 5'UTR and 6 for the 3D assay), which failed to produce a signal in I assay but gave a positive signal in the other. The sequence of the genomic targets of selected isolates highlighted nucleotide substitutions in the primer or probe regions, thereby providing ail explanation for negative results generated in the rRT-PCR assays. These data illustrate the importance of the continuous monitoring of circulating FMDV field strains to ensure the design of the rRT-PCR assay remains fit for purpose and suggest that the use of multiple diagnostic targets could further enhance the sensitivity of molecular methods for the detection of FMDV. C1 Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. APHIS, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA,Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. Tetracore Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP King, DP (reprint author), Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. EM donald.king@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Reid, Scott/C-8204-2011 NR 10 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 006CC UT WOS:000234871700014 PM 16566264 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Gidlewski, T Spraker, TR Miller, JM Creekmore, L Crocheck, M Cline, T O'Rourke, KI AF Hamir, AN Gidlewski, T Spraker, TR Miller, JM Creekmore, L Crocheck, M Cline, T O'Rourke, KI TI Preliminary observations of genetic susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) to chronic wasting disease by experimental oral inoculation SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus nelsoni; chronic wasting disease; elk; genetic susceptibility ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; TISSUE AB To compare the genetic susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with various alleles of the PRNP gene, which encodes the normal cellular prion protein, to chronic wasting disease (CWD), eight 8-month-old elk calves of 3 genotypes (2 132MM, 2 132LM, and 4 132LL) were orally dosed with CWD-infected brain material from elk. During postinoculation (PI) month 23, both 132MM elk had lost appetite, developed clinical signs of weight loss and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, and were euthanized. Two other elk (both 132LM) developed similar clinical signs of disease and were euthanized during PI month 40. All 4 affected elk had microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE), and PrPres, the disease-associated form of the prion protein, was detected in their CNS and lymphoid tissues by use of immunohistochemical (IHC) and Western blot (WB) techniques. These findings indicate that elk with MM and LM at codon 132 are susceptible to orally inoculated CWD. All 4 LL elk are alive at PI year 4 and are clinically normal, which suggests that 132LL elk may have reduced susceptibility to oral infection with CWD-infected material or may have prolonged incubation time. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Pathobiol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. APHIS, USDA, VS, Western Reg Off, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. S Dakota Anim Ind Board, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 110 EP 114 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 006CC UT WOS:000234871700018 PM 16566268 ER PT J AU Li, H Taus, NS Jones, C Murphy, B Evermann, JF Crawford, TB AF Li, H Taus, NS Jones, C Murphy, B Evermann, JF Crawford, TB TI A devastating outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in a bison feedlot SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE bison; malignant catarrhal fever; outbreak; ovine herpesvirus-2; sheep ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SHEEP NASAL SECRETIONS; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; PCR; TRANSMISSION AB In early 2003, an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) occurred in a bison feedlot in southern Idaho. The outbreak resulted in a 51.2% (n = 825) mortality rate among bison. which had been exposed to sheep for 19 days. Diagnosis was made by detection of ovine herpesvirus 2 (sheep-associated MCF virus) DNA in tissues or peripheral blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and by histological examination of tissue lesions. Peak losses occurred between 41 and 55 days postmean exposure time (PME), and reached a maximum of 41 head per day. No known cases of MCF were observed among the 177 head of bison that arrived in the lot 3 1/2 weeks after the departure of the sheep. Of the several thousand head of beef cattle in the lot during the outbreak, only a single case of MCF was identified. This outbreak illustrates the devastating impact the MCF virus can have on bison under certain exposure conditions, the high threat posed by adolescent lambs to susceptible species, the significantly greater susceptibility of bison than beef cattle to MCF, and the lack of horizontal transmission from clinically affected bison to herdmates. C1 ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. InterMt Beef, Eden, ID 83325 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, 3003 ADBF,WSU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 006CC UT WOS:000234871700020 PM 16566270 ER PT J AU Raymond, GJ Olsen, EA Lee, KS Raymond, LD Bryant, PK Baron, GS Caughey, WS Kocisko, DA McHolland, LE Favara, C Langeveld, JPM van Zijderveld, FG Mayer, RT Miller, MW Williams, ES Caughey, B AF Raymond, GJ Olsen, EA Lee, KS Raymond, LD Bryant, PK Baron, GS Caughey, WS Kocisko, DA McHolland, LE Favara, C Langeveld, JPM van Zijderveld, FG Mayer, RT Miller, MW Williams, ES Caughey, B TI Inhibition of protease-resistant prion protein formation in a transformed deer cell line infected with chronic wasting disease SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULE DEER; CULTURED-CELLS; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE AGENT; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; PRP; MOUSE; SHEEP; TRANSMISSION; MICE AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an emerging transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (prion disease) of North American cervids, i.e., mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk (wapiti). To facilitate in vitro studies of CWD, we have developed a transformed deer cell line that is persistently infected with CWD. Primary cultures derived from uninfected mule deer brain tissue were transformed by transfection with a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 genome. A transformed cell line (MDB) was exposed to microsomes prepared from the brainstem of a CWD-affected mule deer. CWD-associated, protease-resistant prion protein (PrPCWD) was used as an indicator of CWD infection. Although no PrPCWD was detected in any of these cultures after two passes, dilution cloning of cells yielded one PrPCWD-positive clone out of 51. This clone, designated MDBCWD, has maintained stable PrPCWD production through 32 serial passes thus far. A second round of dilution cloning yielded 20 PrPCWD-positive subclones out of 30, one of which was designated MDBCWD2. The MDBCWD2 cell line was positive for fibronectin and negative for microtubule-associated protein 2 (a neuronal marker) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (an activated astrocyte marker), consistent with derivation from brain fibroblasts (e.g., meningeal fibroblasts). Two inhibitors of rodent scrapie protease-resistant PrP accumulation, pentosan polysulfate and a porphyrin compound, indium (III) meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine chloride, potently blocked PrPCWD accumulation in MDBCWD cells. This demonstrates the utility of these cells in a rapid in vitro screening assay for PrPCWD inhibitors and suggests that these compounds have potential to be active against CVM in vivo. C1 NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. CIDC Lelystad, Dept Bacteriol & TSEs, NL-8203 AA Lelystad, Netherlands. Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Caughey, B (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. EM bcaughey@niaid.nih.gov RI Lee, Kil/D-3678-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 42 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 596 EP 604 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.2.596-604.2006 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 999IL UT WOS:000234382900006 PM 16378962 ER PT J AU Clark, L Hall, J McLean, R Dunbar, M Klenk, K Bowen, R Smeraski, CA AF Clark, L Hall, J McLean, R Dunbar, M Klenk, K Bowen, R Smeraski, CA TI Susceptibility of greater sage-grouse to experimental infection with West Nile virus SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; experimental infection; greater sage-grouse; vaccine; West Nile virus ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DNA VACCINE; ANTIBODIES; KUNJIN; STRAIN; BIRDS; SERUM AB Populations of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have declined 45-80% in North America since 1950. Although much of this decline has been attributed to habitat loss, recent field studies have indicated that West Nile virus (WNV) has had a significant negative impact on local populations of grouse. We confirm the susceptibility of greater sage-grouse to WNV infection in laboratory experimental studies. Grouse were challenged by subcutaneous injection of WNV (10(3.2) plaque-forming units [PFUs]). All grouse died within 6 days of infection. The Kaplan-Meier estimate for 50% survival was 4.5 days. Mean peak viremia for nonvaccinated birds was 10(6.4) PFUs/ml (+/- 10(0.2) PFUs/ml, standard error of the mean [SEM]). Virus was shed cloacally and orally. Four of the five vaccinated grouse died, but survival tune was increased (50% survival = 9.5 days), with 1 grouse surviving to the end-point of the experiment (14 days) kith no signs of illness. Mean peak viremia for the vaccinated birds was 10(2.3) PFUs/ml (+/- 10(0.6) PFUs/ml, SEM). Two birds cleared the virus from their blood before death or euthanasia. These data emphasize the high susceptibility of greater sage-grouse to infection with WNV. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Clark, L (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM larry.clark@aphis.usda.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 046MJ UT WOS:000237815400002 PM 16699144 ER PT J AU Pedersen, K Clark, L Andelt, WF Salman, MD AF Pedersen, K Clark, L Andelt, WF Salman, MD TI Prevalence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in rock pigeons captured in fort Collins, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cattle; Escherichia coli; pigeons; prevalence; Salmonella enterica; STEC ID DAIRY HERDS; WILD BIRDS; CALIFORNIA DAIRIES; BEEF-CATTLE; O157-H7; ENVIRONMENT; CONTAMINATION; MANAGEMENT; SEROTYPES; ANIMALS AB The potential role of rock pigeons (Columba livia) in the epidemiology of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella enterica is unclear. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of STEC and S. enterica in pigeons at urban and dairy settings as a function of season. Prevalence of STEC and S. enterica was estimated by bacteriologic culture of cloacal swabs collected from pigeons trapped at urban and dairy locations in and around Fort Collins, Colorado from January to November 2003. Presumptive E. coli isolates were tested for the presence of virulence genes SLT-1, SLT-2, eae, hlyA, Kl, CNF-1, CNF-2, and LT using polymerase chain reaction. Shiga toxins were not isolated from any of 406 samples from pigeons, but virulence genes typically associated with disease in humans were identified in isolates from 7.9% (95% CI: 5.5% to 10.9%) of captured pigeons. S. enterica were detected in 3.2% of 277 samples from pigeons, with all positive samples originating from dairy locations (nine of 106 [8.5%]; 95% Cl: 4.0-15.5%). The results suggest that although pigeons may acquire S. enterica from cattle and play a role in recirculation and persistence of the microorganism at dairies, pigeons are not important carriers of STEC. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pedersen, K (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Pedersen@vet.uga.edu NR 36 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 046MJ UT WOS:000237815400006 PM 16699148 ER PT J AU Mucker, EM Dubey, JP Lovallo, MJ Humphreys, JG AF Mucker, EM Dubey, JP Lovallo, MJ Humphreys, JG TI Seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the Pennsylvania Bobcat (Lynx rufus rufus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE blood collection strips; bobcat; Lynx rufus; modified agglutination test; seroprevalence; Toxoplasma gondii ID WILD ANIMALS; PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA; GEORGIA; DEER AB From 2000 to 2002 bobcat blood samples were collected, in association with the Pennsylvania Game Commission, during the recently reactivated bobcat hunting and trapping season. Sex, age, and county/township data were recorded for each animal. Blood was tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using the modified agglutination test. In the 2-yr study, 131 bobcat samples were collected in 14 Pennsylvania counties and 109 (83%) of these had antibodies to T. gondii (titer >= 25). A two-way Chi-Square test: (95% confidence interval) yielded no significance differences in antibody prevalence between males (83%) and females (88%) or adults (83%) and juveniles (77%). All 14 counties had at least one bobcat with antibodies to T. gondii. C1 Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Mucker, EM (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Weyandt Hall, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. EM Eric.Mucker@det.amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 046MJ UT WOS:000237815400023 PM 16699165 ER PT J AU Peak, RG Thompson, FR AF Peak, RG Thompson, FR TI Factors affecting avian species richness and density in riparian areas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian species richness; breeding bird density; buffer strip; forest area-sensitive species; grassland-shrub-nesting species; information-theoretic approach; Missouri; riparian area; songbird ID BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; HABITAT SELECTION; DIFFERENT WIDTHS; PATCH SIZE; FORESTS; EDGE; STREAMSIDE; INDICATOR; DIVERSITY; SUCCESS AB Riparian areas are an important part of conservation efforts directed toward minimizing the effects of habitat loss on birds because riparian areas host a large number of bird species. We compared species richness and densities of breeding songbirds among 3 narrow (55-95 m) and 3 wide (400-530 m) forested-riparian areas with adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips and 3 narrow and 3 wide forested-riparian areas without adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips, in northeastern Missouri, USA. More bird species occurred in wide than in narrow forested-riparian areas (mean difference = 8.58, 95% CI = 4.82-12.35). Wide forested-riparian areas with and without adjacent buffer strips had similar numbers of species (mean difference = 0.50, 95% CI = -2.77-3.77). Narrow forested-riparian areas with adjacent buffer strips had more species than narrow forested-riparian areas without adjacent buffer strips (mean difference = 9.67, 95% CI = 5.43-13.90). A mixed model with a fixed effect of width had the most support for predicting density of ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), Kentucky warbler (Oporornis formosus), gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), and indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea). The null model had the most support for wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Louisiana waterthrush (Seiurus motacilla), and field sparrow (Spizella pusilla). Wide forested-riparian areas provided breeding habitat for more bird species than narrow forested-riparian areas, especially forest area-sensitive species. The addition of grassland-shrub buffer strips adjacent to forested-riparian areas increased species richness in those areas and provided habitat for gray catbird, common yellowthroat, northern cardinal, field sparrow, and indigo bunting. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, Cent Res Stn N, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Peak, RG (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. EM rpeak@tnc.org NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[173:FAASRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 038KH UT WOS:000237217900019 ER PT J AU Fink, AD Thompson, FR Tudor, AA AF Fink, AD Thompson, FR Tudor, AA TI Songbird use of regenerating forest, glade, and edge habitat types SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance-dependent birds; early-successional habitats; forest edge; forest management; glade; habitat use; migrant birds; Missouri Ozarks; reproductive success; shrubland songbirds; young forest ID EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES; BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEST SUCCESS; DIVERSITY; DENSITY; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; INDICATOR AB Population numbers of many bird species associated with early-successional or disturbance-dependent habitat types are declining. We used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate hypotheses concerning factors affecting breeding bird densities in different early-successional habitat types. We studied shrubland bird communities in 3- to 5-year-old regenerating forest (n = 3), glade (n = 3), and forest-pasture edge (n = 3) habitat types in the predominantly forested Missouri Ozarks in 1997-1999. We monitored 8 bird species using spot mapping and total mapping techniques, searched for and monitored nests, and measured vegetation structure within nested circular plots. In evaluating breeding densities in these habitat types, we compared support for a global model with year, habitat type, and a habitat type X year interaction to several reduced models and a null model with only an intercept, and we used model-averaged coefficients to evaluate effect size. We found support for the effects of habitat type on breeding densities of prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor) and yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens); the effects of habitat type and year on densities of blue-winged warbler (Vermivora pinus), eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), and field sparrow (Spizella pusilla); the effect of year on densities of indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) and northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis); and no effects on densities of white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus). The effect size of habitat type on breeding densities varied among species and indicated important species-specific differences in habitat use. Most shrubland bird species used both glades and regenerating forests more than forest-pasture edge sites, and breeding densities of some species were higher in regenerating forests than in glades. For some species, patterns in reproductive success (reported as interval nest success) mirrored observed patterns in breeding densities. However, substantial variation existed among species with respect to patterns in habitat use and nest success. Conservation planning for the persistence of birds requiring early-successional habitat types should consider the ephemeral nature of these areas and the potential contribution from young, regenerating forest. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, Cent Res Stn N, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fink, AD (reprint author), Longwood Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Farmville, VA 23909 USA. EM finkad@longwood.edu NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[180:SUORFG]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 038KH UT WOS:000237217900020 ER PT J AU Bigger, D Peery, MZ Baldwin, J Chinnici, S Courtney, SP AF Bigger, D Peery, MZ Baldwin, J Chinnici, S Courtney, SP TI Power to detect trends in marbled murrelet breeding populations using audiovisual and radar surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE audiovisual surveys; California; marbled murrelet; monitoring; populations; power; radar surveys ID STATISTICAL POWER; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT; DESIGN; AREAS AB We used pilot data collected in 2001-2004 to compare the power of radar and audiovisual survey approaches to detect trends in breeding population size and differences in trends between populations of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in northwestern California. Radar counts of murrelets were almost triple in inland Reserves than in Conservation Areas, and audiovisual counts were 7 times greater. Variation in counts was statistically significant among survey sites but not among years. Although annual variation in radar counts was not statistically significant (P = 0.13), mean radar counts more than tripled from 2001 to 2002, a difference that we considered to be biologically significant, and the radar counts reflected a large increase in the proportion of breeders between these 2 years as determined by radiotelemetry in another study (Acord at al. 2004). Audiovisual counts were much more variable than radar counts overall (CV - 1.10 versus 0.41) and within survey sites (CV = 0.94 versus 0.23). As a result, approximately twice the audiovisual survey effort was needed to detect trends with reasonable power (80%). Power to detect trends in murrelet breeding populations was most sensitive to the duration of the monitoring program and the magnitude of the trend; only relatively modest gains in power were realized by increasing the number of surveys or sites. A monitoring program designed to detect differences in trends between breeding murrelet populations required greater survey effort than a program designed to detect overall trends. Despite the fact that gains in power to detect trends from using radar were offset by the cost of purchasing radar equipment, we advocate the use of radar over audiovisual surveys for monitoring murrelet breeding populations because radar reflected changes in breeding effort whereas audiovisual surveys did not. We also advocate the use of radar because it may provide an estimate of the number of breeding individuals in certain situations, it can be used under poor viewing conditions, it samples larger areas, and it detects a higher proportion of inland-flying murrelets. C1 Sustainable Ecosyst Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Scotia Pacific Co LLC, Scotia, CA 95565 USA. Sustainable Ecosyst Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Bigger, D (reprint author), Sustainable Ecosyst Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM dbigger@scopac.com NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 493 EP 504 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[493:PTDTIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 045AD UT WOS:000237714100020 ER PT J AU Green, MC Waits, JL Avery, ML Tobin, ME Leberg, PL AF Green, MC Waits, JL Avery, ML Tobin, ME Leberg, PL TI Microsatellite variation of double-crested cormorant populations in Eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE double-crested cormorant; microsatellite; Phalacrocorax auritus ID PHALACROCORAX-CARBO; F-STATISTICS; DIFFERENTIATION; MISSISSIPPI; BOTTLENECKS; DISTANCE; TESTS C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Green, MC (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM claygreen@txstate.edu RI Green, Michael/A-2902-2013 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[579:MVODCP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 045AD UT WOS:000237714100030 ER PT J AU Zhang, LM Gellerstedt, G Ralph, J Lu, FC AF Zhang, LM Gellerstedt, G Ralph, J Lu, FC TI NMR studies on the occurrence of spirodienone structures in lignins SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lignins; spruce; birch; kenaf; spirodienone structure; beta-1-structure; NMR analysis ID SPRUCE LIGNIN; DFRC METHOD; SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD; IDENTIFICATION AB Spirodienone structures have been detected in spruce, birch, and kenaf lignin isolates. NMR signals corresponding to guaiacyl and syringyl spirodienones were fully identified and assigned based on C-13, QUAT, HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY, and HMBC NMR data. Spruce lignin contains spirodienone structures of the guaiacyl type. Syringyl spirodienones dominate in kenaf and birch lignins. Each type of spirodienone was found to be present in two different stereoisomeric forms, with one of the isomers being more prevalent. Signal integrations indicate that about three spirodienones per 100 phenylpropanoid units are present in the spruce and birch lignins and about four in the kenaf lignin. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Fibre & Polymer Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gellerstedt, G (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Fibre & Polymer Technol, Drottning Kristinas Vag 53, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM ggell@pmt.kth.se NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1080/02773810600580271 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 035SD UT WOS:000237021100006 ER PT J AU Rudie, AW Ball, A Patel, N AF Rudie, Alan W. Ball, Alan Patel, Narendra TI Ion exchange of H+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, and Ba2+ on wood pulp SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wood fiber; pine; ion exchange; monovalent cations; divalent cations; selectivity coefficients ID KRAFT; ADSORPTION; CELLULOSE; PH AB Ion exchange selectivity coefficients were measured for the partition of metals between solution and pulp fibers. The method accurately models the ion exchange isotherms for all cation pairs evaluated and is accurate up to approximately 0.05 molar concentrations. Selectivity coefficients were determined for calcium and magnesium with each other and with hydrogen, sodium, manganese, and barium. Measurements made at 25 degrees, 50 degrees, and 65 degrees C were used to determine the enthalpy and entropy of the reactions. The data follow the expected linear free-energy relationship. These results can be used to estimate the ion exchange selectivity coefficients for any temperature within the experimental range. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Georgia Tech, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. Madras Saravana Bhavan Restaurant, Decator, GA USA. RP Rudie, AW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM arudie@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1080/02773810601023503 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 103AE UT WOS:000241854600005 ER PT J AU Orr, R de Vos, NJ Singh, NA Ross, DA Stavrinos, TM Fiatarone-Singh, MA AF Orr, R de Vos, NJ Singh, NA Ross, DA Stavrinos, TM Fiatarone-Singh, MA TI Power training improves balance in healthy older adults SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-DWELLING WOMEN; MUSCLE POWER; LEG POWER; POSTURAL STABILITY; STANDING BALANCE; ELDERLY-WOMEN; FALL RISK; STRENGTH; MOBILITY; PERFORMANCE AB Background. Age-related decline in muscle power may be an early indicator of balance deficits and fall risk, even in nonfrail adults. This study examined the dose-dependent effect of power training on balance performance in healthy older adults. Methods. One hundred twelve community-dwelling healthy older adults (69 +/- 6 years) were randomized to 8-12 weeks of power training at 20% (LOW), 50% (MED), or 80% (HIGH) of maximal strength, or a nontraining control (CON) group. Participants trained twice weekly (five exercises; three sets of eight rapid concentric/slow eccentric repetitions) using pneumatic resistance machines. Balance, muscle performance (strength, power, endurance, contraction velocity), and body composition were measured. Results. Power training significantly improved balance performance (p = .006) in participants who underwent power training compared to controls. Low intensity power training produced the greatest improvement in balance performance (p = .048). Average contraction velocity at low load (40% one repetition maximum [1RM]) at baseline independently predicted improvement in balance following training (r = -.29, p =.004). Conclusions. Power training improves balance, particularly using a low load, high velocity regimen, in older adults with initial lower muscle power and slower contraction. Further studies are warranted to define the mechanisms underlying this adaptation, as well as the optimum power training intensity for a range of physiological and clinical outcomes in older adults with varying levels of health status and functional independence. C1 Univ Sydney, MExSpSc, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Balmain Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Orr, R (reprint author), Univ Sydney, MExSpSc, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM r.orr@fhs.usyd.edu.au RI Orr, Rhonda/C-1817-2008 NR 40 TC 137 Z9 145 U1 6 U2 33 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 010VR UT WOS:000235226500009 PM 16456197 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Gosz, JR Pockman, WT Small, EE Parmenter, RR Collins, SL Muldavin, E AF Peters, DPC Gosz, JR Pockman, WT Small, EE Parmenter, RR Collins, SL Muldavin, E TI Integrating patch and boundary dynamics to understand and predict biotic transitions at multiple scales SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE directional transitions; ecotones; positive feedbacks; shifting transitions; stationary transitions ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; GRASSLAND-SHRUBLAND ECOTONE; PLANT-SPECIES DOMINANCE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; VEGETATION CHANGE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT EDGES; DESERT; RESPONSES AB Human modification of landscapes overlying natural environmental heterogeneity is resulting in an increase in the numbers and types of ecological patches and their intervening boundaries. In this paper, we describe an operational framework for understanding and predicting dynamics of these biotic transitions for a range of environmental conditions across multiple spatial scales. We define biotic transitions as the boundary and the neighboring states, a more general definition than typically denoted by the terms boundary, ecotone, edge or gradient. We use concepts of patch dynamics to understand the structural properties of biotic transitions and to predict changes in boundaries through time and across space. We develop testable hypotheses, and illustrate the utility of our approach with examples from arid and semiarid ecosystems. Our framework provides new insights and predictions as to how landscapes may respond to future changes in climate and other environmental drivers. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Valles Caldera Natl Preserve, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. New Mexico Nat Heritage Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range,Box 30003,MSC 3JER,2995 Knox S, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI small, eric/B-4939-2011; Pockman, William/D-4086-2014; Small, eric/K-6007-2015; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014 OI Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892 NR 76 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-1063-3 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 020DD UT WOS:000235887300003 ER PT J AU Cary, GJ Keane, RE Gardner, RH Lavorel, S Flannigan, MD Davies, ID Li, C Lenihan, JM Rupp, TS Mouillot, F AF Cary, GJ Keane, RE Gardner, RH Lavorel, S Flannigan, MD Davies, ID Li, C Lenihan, JM Rupp, TS Mouillot, F TI Comparison of the sensitivity of landscape-fire-succession models to variation in terrain, fuel pattern, climate and weather SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EMBYR; FIRESCAPE; LAMOS; LANDSUM; model comparison; SEM-LAND; simulation modelling ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES; SOLAR-RADIATION; BOREAL FOREST; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE AB The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of modelled area burned to environmental factors across a range of independently-developed landscape-fire-succession models. The sensitivity of area burned to variation in four factors, namely terrain (flat, undulating and mountainous), fuel pattern (finely and coarsely clumped), climate (observed, warmer & wetter, and warmer & drier) and weather (year-to-year variability) was determined for four existing landscape-fire-succession models (EMBYR, FIRESCAPE, LANDSUM and SEM-LAND) and a new model implemented in the LAMOS modelling shell (LAMOS(DS)). Sensitivity was measured as the variance in area burned explained by each of the four factors, and all of the interactions amongst them, in a standard generalised linear modelling analysis. Modelled area burned was most sensitive to climate and variation in weather, with four models sensitive to each of these factors and three models sensitive to their interaction. Models generally exhibited a trend of increasing area burned from observed, through warmer and wetter, to warmer and drier climates with a 23-fold increase in area burned, on average, from the observed to the warmer, drier climate. Area burned was sensitive to terrain for FIRESCAPE and fuel pattern for EMBYR. These results demonstrate that the models are generally more sensitive to variation in climate and weather as compared with terrain complexity and fuel pattern, although the sensitivity to these latter factors in a small number of models demonstrates the importance of representing key processes. The models that represented fire ignition and spread in a relatively complex fashion were more sensitive to changes in all four factors because they explicitly simulate the processes that link these factors to area burned. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Sch Resources Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD USA. CNRS, Lab Ecol Alpine, Grenoble, France. Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. CNRS, CEFE, IRD, UR060, Montpellier, France. RP Cary, GJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Sch Resources Environm & Soc, Bldg 48 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM geoffrey.cary@anu.edu.au RI MOUILLOT, florent/C-2204-2015; Flannigan, Michael/G-6996-2015 OI MOUILLOT, florent/0000-0002-6548-4830; Flannigan, Michael/0000-0002-9970-5363 NR 87 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 121 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-7302-9 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 020DD UT WOS:000235887300010 ER PT J AU McKenzie, D Hessl, AE Kellogg, LKB AF McKenzie, D Hessl, AE Kellogg, LKB TI Using neutral models to identify constraints on low-severity fire regimes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire regimes; hazard function; low-severity fire; neutral models; Ponderosa pine; stochastic process; Weibull; WMPI ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; FRACTAL LANDSCAPES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; HISTORY; MOUNTAINS; FREQUENCY; DISTURBANCE; COLORADO AB Climate, topography, fuel loadings, and human activities all affect spatial and temporal patterns of fire occurrence. Because fire is modeled as a stochastic process, for which each fire history is only one realization, a simulation approach is necessary to understand baseline variability, thereby identifying constraints, or forcing functions, that affect fire regimes. With a suitable neutral model, characteristics of natural fire regimes estimated from fire history data can be compared to a "null hypothesis". We generated random landscapes of fire-scarred trees via a point process with sequential spatial inhibition. Random ignition points, fire sizes, and fire years were drawn from uniform and exponential family probability distributions. We compared two characteristics of neutral fire regimes to those from five watersheds in eastern Washington that have experienced low-severity fire. Composite fire intervals (CFIs) at multiple spatial scales displayed similar monotonic decreases with increasing sample area in neutral vs. real landscapes, although patterns of residuals from statistical models differed. In contrast, parameters of the Weibull distribution associated with temporal trends in fire hazard exhibited different forms of scale dependence in real vs. simulated data. Clear patterns in neutral landscapes suggest that deviations from them in empirical data represent real constraints on fire regimes (e.g., topography, fuels). As with any null model, however, neutral fire-regime models need to be carefully tuned to avoid confounding these constraints with artifacts of modeling. Neutral models show promise for investigating low-severity fire regimes to separate intrinsic properties of stochastic processes from the effects of climate, fuel loadings, topography, and management. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, 400 N,34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM donaldmckenzie@fs.fed.us RI Dolk, Shaun/B-5656-2012 NR 62 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-0147-4 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 020DD UT WOS:000235887300011 ER PT S AU Burnett, KM Reeves, GH Clarke, SE Christiansen, KR AF Burnett, Kelly M. Reeves, Gordon H. Clarke, Sharon E. Christiansen, Kelly R. BE Hughes, RM Wang, L Seelbach, PW TI Comparing riparian and catchment influences on stream habitat in a forested, montane landscape SO Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Influences of Landscape on Stream Habitat and Biological Communities CY AUG 25-26, 2004 CL Madison, WI ID PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; LAND-USE PATTERNS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WATER-QUALITY; WESTERN CASCADES; LARGE BASINS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; FISH ASSEMBLAGES AB Multiscale analysis of relationships with landscape characteristics can help identify areas and physical processes that affect stream habitats, and thus suggest where and how land management is likely to influence these habitats. Such analysis is rare for mountainous areas where forestry is the primary land use. Consequently, we examined relationships in a forested, montane basin between stream habitat features and landscape characteristics that were summarized at five spatial scales (three riparian and two catchment scales). Spatial scales varied in the area encompassed upstream and upslope of surveyed stream segments and, presumably, in physical processes. For many landscape characteristics, riparian spatial scales, approximated by fixed-width buffers, could be differentiated from catchment spatial scales using forest cover from 30-m satellite imagery and 30-m digital elevation data. In regression with landscape characteristics, more variation in the mean maximum depth and volume of pools was explained by catchment area than by any other landscape characteristic summarized at any spatial scale. In contrast, at each spatial scale except the catchment, variation in the mean density of large wood in pools was positively related to percent area in older forests and negatively related to percent area in sedimentary rock types. The regression model containing these two variables had the greatest explanatory power at an intermediate spatial scale. Finer spatial scales may have omitted important source areas and processes for wood delivery, but coarser spatial scales likely incorporated source areas and processes less tightly coupled to large wood dynamics in surveyed stream segments. Our findings indicate that multiscale assessments can identify areas and suggest processes most closely linked to stream habitat and, thus, can aid in designing land management to protect and restore stream ecosystems in forested landscapes. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Burnett, KM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 97 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-76-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2006 VL 48 BP 175 EP 197 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFB89 UT WOS:000240912900009 ER PT J AU Verghese, M Rao, DR Chawan, CB Walker, LT Shackelford, L AF Verghese, M. Rao, D. R. Chawan, C. B. Walker, L. T. Shackelford, L. TI Anticarcinogenic effect of phytic mechanism acid (IP6): Apoptosis as a possible of action SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ip(6) (inositol hexaphosphate); azoxymethane; aberrant crypt foci; apoptosis; human colon carcinoma cell line-CaCo-2 ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; COLON-CANCER; F344 RATS; CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS; AZOXYMETHANE; CARCINOGENESIS; SUPPRESSION; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYTATE AB Several in vivo and in vitro studies provide convincing evidence for the anticarcinogenic properties of phytic acid (PA) (Inositol hexaphosphate, IN. The objectives of this investigation were to elucidate the effects of PA on suppression of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and to study the inhibitory effect of IP6 on human colon carcinoma, CaCo-2 cell line. Fisher 344 male, weanling rats were divided into 3 groups of 15 each and were fed control diet (AIN 93 G-C) and C + (1 or 2 g/100 g PA in water) for 13 weeks. Rats received 2 s.c. injections of azoxymethane (AOM)in saline at 16mg/kg body weight at 7 and 8 weeks of age. There was a 36% and 42% reduction in ACF in I and 2 g/100 g PA groups compared to control group (P < 0.001). Cytotoxic effect of IP6 was evaluated on Caco-2 cell line at concentrations of 0.25-4 g mol/l using lactate debydrogenase (LDH) assay (LDH released from the cytosol of damaged cells into the supernatant), histone-associated DNA fragmentation assay using a cell death detection ELISAC (R) kit and microscopic analysis. The cells were treated with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4 g mol/l of IP6 and incubated for 24 and 48 It. After 24 h of incubation, LDH release ranged from 13.55% to 44.70%. Histone-associated DNA fragmentation (an assay based on the quantitative sandwich-enzyme-immunoassay-principle directed against DNA and histories which allows the specific determination of mono- and oligonucleosomes in the cytoplasmic fraction of cell lysates) was also dose dependent. CaCo-2 cells grown on slide flaskets in the presence of 0.25 g mol/l IP6 showed membrane blebbing (zeiosis) characteristic of apoptitic activity. Results of this study indicate that IP6 might exert anticarcinogenic activity through induction of apoptosis. (c) 2005 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Nutr & Carcinogenesis Lab, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA, CSREES, PAS, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Verghese, M (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Nutr & Carcinogenesis Lab, POB 1628, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM martha.verghese@email.aamu.edu NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1093 EP 1098 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.07.012 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 062UX UT WOS:000238971400007 ER PT J AU Maier, TJ Doyle, KL AF Maier, Thomas J. Doyle, Katherine L. TI Aggregations of masked shrews (Sorex cinereus): density-related mating behavior? SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE breeding groups; Massachusetts; mating behavior; mating chases; Sorex cinereus; vocalizations ID ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; COMMON SHREWS; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; ARANEUS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; ENGLAND; HABITAT AB Large aggregations of shrews have been reported and various explanations offered for this seemingly rare behavior; however, there has been little evidence to support any particular interpretation. We observed two small aggregations of highly active vocalizing Sorex cinereus while performing wildlife surveys in forested habitats in central Massachusetts, USA. These observations, in conjunction with a review of other reports, including genetic analyses, strongly suggest that such aggregations of adult Sorex are associated with mating behavior, more readily observed during periods of high population density. Published accounts of such behavior may be rare because primarily large aggregations have been reported; however, smaller breeding aggregations may be common. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Holdsworth NRC,NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Maier, TJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Holdsworth NRC,NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tmaier@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.1515/MAMM.2006.015 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 152NL UT WOS:000245368600014 ER PT J AU Patel, M Ford, A Scheffler, B Willett, KL AF Patel, Monali Ford, Annette Scheffler, Brian Willett, Kristine L. TI Effects of benzo[a]pyrene on Fundulus CYP19A1 and CYP19A2 SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, MidS Area Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S53 EP S54 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800032 ER PT J AU Willett, KL Ganesan, S Patel, M Metzger, C Quiniou, S Waldbieser, G Scheffler, B AF Willett, Kristine L. Ganesan, Shobana Patel, Monali Metzger, Christine Quiniou, Sylvie Waldbieser, Geoff Scheffler, Brian TI In vivo and in vitro CYP1B mRNA expression in channel catfish SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 13) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Alessandria, ITALY DE channel catfish; CYP1B; benzo(a)pyrene AB Our goal was to study the induction of CYP1B mRNA expression in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). CYP1B belongs to the cytochrome P450 superfamily of genes, is involved in the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous compounds, and could potentially be a useful biomarker in fish for exposure to AhR ligands. The full-length catfish CYP1B cDNA is 2417 nt to the polyA tail and encodes a putative protein of 536 amino acids. It has 67% amino acid similarity to carp and zebrafish CYP1B and 68% similarity to carp CYP1B2. Male channel catfish were collected from three Mississippi Delta sites: Lake Roebuck, Itta Bena; Bee Lake, Thornton; and Sunflower River, Indianola. Total RNA was isolated from wild-caught catfish gill, blood, gonad and liver tissues. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR was used to determine relative induction of CYP1B in wild catfish compared to laboratory control and BaP-exposed catfish (20 mg/kg i.p. after 4 days). BaP exposure significantly induced CYP1B message in blood, gonad, and liver of laboratory catfish. In these same tissues of wild catfish from sites with relatively low sediment contaminants, CYP1B message was not statistically increased relative to laboratory control catfish. CYP1B transcript abundance was higher in gills compared to other tissues in both laboratory and wild catfish. When primary cultured gill cells were treated with increasing concentrations of BaP, TCDD, and PCBs 77, 126 and 169, CYP1B mRNA was induced more than 10-fold while PCB153 and 4,4'DDT did not cause significant CYP1B induction. Our results suggest that catfish CYP1B is induced by the classic AhR ligands. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol & Environm Toxicol, Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Mid S Area Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Willett, KL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol & Environm Toxicol, Res Program, Box 1848,Faser Hall 315, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kwillett@olemiss.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S332 EP S336 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.015 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800213 PM 16697458 ER PT S AU Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ AF Sathivel, S. Bechtel, P. J. BE Shahidi, F TI Engineering and functional properties of powders from underutilized marine fish and seafood products SO MAXIMISING THE VALUE OF MARINE BY-PRODUCTS SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; WHEY PROTEINS; TRYPSIN; CASEIN C1 [Sathivel, S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Bechtel, P. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarctic Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-013-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2006 IS 135 BP 249 EP 257 D2 10.1201/9781439824542 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BNF39 UT WOS:000274335600013 ER PT S AU Bechtel, PJ AF Bechtel, P. J. BE Shahidi, F TI By-products from seafood processing for aquaculture and animal feeds SO MAXIMISING THE VALUE OF MARINE BY-PRODUCTS SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; GADUS-MORHUA FRY; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; FISH-PROTEIN; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; CHALLENGE TRIAL; COD MILT; SALMON; MEALS C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bechtel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Res Unit, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-013-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2006 IS 135 BP 435 EP 449 D2 10.1201/9781439824542 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BNF39 UT WOS:000274335600022 ER PT J AU Holland, JB Bretting, PK Bubeck, DM Cardinal, AJ Holley, RN Uhr, DV AF Holland, JB Bretting, PK Bubeck, DM Cardinal, AJ Holley, RN Uhr, DV TI Major M. Goodman - A laudation SO MAYDICA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Princeton, IN 47670 USA. Monsanto Co, Evansville, IN 47715 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM James_Holland@ncsu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 044LF UT WOS:000237673200002 ER PT J AU Tarter, JA Holland, JB AF Tarter, JA Holland, JB TI Gains from selection during the development of semiexotic inbred lines from Latin American maize accessions SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE germplasm; landrace; exotic; diversity ID YIELD TRIALS; GERMPLASM AB Tropical maize represents the most readily accessible Source of genetic diversity within the species but is unadapted to temperate production environments and thus not utilized on a large scale. M.M. Goodman has conducted a program to incorporate tropical landrace germplasm into the U.S. Corn Belt Dent gene pool for more than 30 years. During that time, about 1300 Latin American maize accessions underwent seven different stages of selection and breeding, resulting in 25 semiexotic inbred lines with superior testcross performance. Selection stages included: 1) selection for photoperiod insensitivity in populations derived from crosses between accessions and temperate inbred line Mo44, 2) testcross selection of noninbred sermexotic populations and 3) selection during inbreeding generations. To test the effects of the different stages of selection on agronomic performance, we evaluated 25 selected sermexotic lines and their 12 progenitor tropical maize accessions, and 47 noninbred sermexotic families resulting from three cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection for photoperiod insensitivity in populations derived from the same 12 accessions (C3 families). Each experimental entry was testcrossed to LH132 x LH51 and testcrosses were evaluated in eight North Carolina environments. Significant agronomic improvement was observed for grain yield, grain moisture, flowering time, ear and plant heights, lodging resistance and Smut (Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Unger) resistance when comparing mean C3 family testcross performance to the mean original accession testcross performance, but no additional improvement was observed in the inbred testcrosses. This implies that most gains in testcross performance occurred during the early generations of phenotypic selection for general adaptation. Selection during later inbreeding generations may have resulted in improved inbred per se performance, but did not result in improved testcross performance. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 044LF UT WOS:000237673200003 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ Goodman, MM Bird, RM Stuber, CW AF Sanchez, JJ Goodman, MM Bird, RM Stuber, CW TI Isozyme and morphological variation in maize of five Andean countries SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE maize landraces; genetic diversity; numerical taxonomy ID RACES; DIVERSITY; MEXICO; BC AB To determine the genetic diversity and relationships among the races of maize of five Andean countries, 439 accessions representing 131 races were analyzed for 13 enzyme systems encoded by 23 loci. Most data on morphology, altitude, latitude and longitude were obtained from the original studies of the accessions published by the National Science Foundation. A very high level of variation among the Andean races was found. Most of the 131 Andean races Studied fall into 10 reasonably well-defined groups. A total of 228 alleles was recorded for the races of the five Countries, with an average of ten alleles per locus. Pointed White Popcorns, North Andean Mid-elevation Flints, Tropical Dents, Tropical Northern Popcorns have the highest diversity values; the lowest diversity values were observed in the complexes from the highlands of Central Andes. C1 Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, De Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanchez, JJ (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Km 15-5 Carretera Guadalajara Nogales, De Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. EM jjsanche@cucba.udg.mx NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 25 EP 42 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 044LF UT WOS:000237673200004 ER PT J AU Carson, ML Goodman, MM AF Carson, ML Goodman, MM TI Pathogenicity, aggressiveness, and virulence of three species of Cercospora associated with gray leaf spot of maize SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE resistance; gray leaf spot; Cercospora ID ZEAE-MAYDIS; RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; INBREDS; CORN AB In the eastern United States, three genetically distinct species of Cercospora, the two sibling species of C zeae-maydis (types I and II) and C sorghi var. maydis, are routinely isolated from maize leaves exhibiting symptoms of gray leaf spot (GLS). To determine if resistance to GLS is species specific, we conducted field trials comparing four commercially available maize hybrids for resistance to four isolates of C. zeae-maydis type I, three isolates of C. zeae-maydis type II, two isolates of C sorgbi var. maydis, as well as isolates of C. sorghi from Sorgbum spp., and C. kikuchii from soybean. Isolates within each of the two sibling species of C. zeae-maydis were highly variable in their aggressiveness on the hybrids. Resistance in maize to GLS appears to be equally effective against both type I and type II of C. zeae-maydis. Neither of the two isolates of C. sorgbi var. maydis isolated from maize, the C. sorgbi isolates, nor C. kikuchii were pathogenic on maize. These results indicate that aggressive isolates, regardless of which sibling species of C. zeae-maydis, should be used to select for GLS resistance in field trials. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. EM mcarson@umn.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 044LF UT WOS:000237673200008 ER PT J AU Cardinal, AJ Lee, M Guthrie, WD Bing, J Austin, DF Veldboom, LR Senior, ML AF Cardinal, AJ Lee, M Guthrie, WD Bing, J Austin, DF Veldboom, LR Senior, ML TI Mapping of factors for resistance to leaf-blade feeding by European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) in maize SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE maize; quantitative trait loci; European corn borer; leaf-feeding ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; YIELD COMPONENTS; GRAIN-YIELD; NONSTRESS ENVIRONMENTS; FIRST-BROOD; PLANT; DIMBOA; GENERATIONS; MECHANISM; STRESS AB The European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilatis Hubner is an important pest of maize in the U.S. Breeding for resistance to leaf-feeding by ECB can be more efficient if the genetic basis for resistance is better understood. The objectives of this study were (i) to locate and characterize the genetic factors controlling resistance to leaf blade feeding by ECB larvae in temperate lines and (ii) to compare the locations of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected in the F-2:3 and F-6:8 generations of the same maize population derived from the cross of inbred lines Mo17 and H99. One hundred and fifty F-2:3 lines and the parents and 185 F6:8 lines and the parents were grown in replicated trials in 1989 and 1995, respectively. Plots were infested with ECB larvae and visual leaf blade feeding ratings were obtained for each plot. Lines were genotyped with RFLP and SSR loci and a linkage map was developed. QTL analysis was performed with composite interval mapping. The heritability of family means was 0.77 in the F-2:3 generation and 0.91 in the F-6:8 generation. The QTLs explained around 50% of the phenotypic variance in both generations. Five QTL were detected in each generation. A QTL on linkage group 4 near umc123 and a QTL on linkage group 7 near umc110 were detected in both generations. Significant epistatic interactions among QTL were detected in both generations. Several loci that showed significant interactions did not have significant main effects, indicating that important epistatic interactions will be missed if only interactions between QTLs with significant main effects are tested. Marker-assisted selection will be most efficient when main effects and interaction effects of QTL are included in the selection criteria. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Mycogen, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cardinal, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM andrea_Cardinal@ncsu.edu NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 11 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 044LF UT WOS:000237673200009 ER PT J AU Buckler, ES Goodman, MM Holtsford, TP Doebley, JF Sanchez, J AF Buckler, E. S. Goodman, M. M. Holtsford, T. P. Doebley, J. F. Sanchez G., J. TI Phylogeography of the wild subspecies of Zea mays SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE Zea mays ssp parviglumis and mexicana; maize; Holocene/Pleistocene; phylogeography; dispersal; isolation by distance ID DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; CHLOROPLAST GENOME; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; GENE-FREQUENCIES; TEOSINTE; MAIZE; GRAMINEAE; INTROGRESSION; PHYLOGENIES AB Z. mays ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana are the closest wild relatives to domesticated maize. Using isozyme and chloroplast evidence, this study examined how populations of these subspecies are related to one another, and how geography has structured the relationships between them. As some lines of evidence indicate that ssp. mexicana is a derived clade of ssp. parviglumis, dispersal, isolation by distance (IBD), and altitudinal hypotheses were tested to explain the genetic differentiation of ssp. mexicana and parviglumis populations. Simple dispersal hypotheses explained most of this genetic variation, while IBD and altitudinal models explained very little of the variation. The origin of this dispersal appeared to be the middle and lower elevation regions of Guerrero. These dispersal events are discussed in light of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change and maize domestication. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Guadalajara, CUCBA, Mexico City, DF 45110, Mexico. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Mexico City 45110, DF, Mexico. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu NR 44 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 044LF UT WOS:000237673200011 ER PT J AU LeDeaux, JR Graham, GI Stuber, CW AF LeDeaux, JR Graham, GI Stuber, CW TI Stability of QTLs involved in heterosis in maize when mapped under several stress conditions SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE molecular markers; genetic maps; quantitative traits; dominance; RI lines ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; YIELD COMPONENTS; GRAIN-YIELD; NONSTRESS ENVIRONMENTS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; TROPICAL MAIZE; PLANT HEIGHT; INBRED LINES; IDENTIFICATION; RICE AB Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) are regions of the genome associated with the expression of quantitative traits. This paper presents results from a study designed to assess the stability of QTLs in maize (Zea mays L.) involved in the expression of heterosis for yield, ear height, and days to pollen shed (DPS) when mapped under several environmental regimens. A recombinant inbred (RI) population (n = 202), derived from a Mo17 x B73 F, cross and genotyped at 184 distinct marker loci, was backcrossed to both parents. Both backcross (BC) populations were grown in four year-locations under eight stress regimens: all combinations of adequate or low soil moisture; normal or low levels of nitrogen fertilizer; and high or low planting density (32 environmental combinations). Based on different line x stress ANOVAs, the genotype x stress (environment) interaction effects were small (P > 0.99) for each trait and BC. Composite Interval Mapping (CIM) was used to map QTLs for each trait in each BC population, using the trait value for each line averaged across all 32 environments, and detected 17 QTLs for yield, 11 for ear height, and 8 for DPS. The least allelic effect that was significant at an experiment-wise alpha-level = 0.05 was 239 kg/ha for yield, 3.0 cm for ear height, and 0.4 days for DPS. The yield QTLs showed positive dominant gene action, whereas the ear height and DPS QTLs exhibited behavior that ranged from negative dominance to additivity to positive dominance. The trait values for each line also were averaged across the 16 environmental combinations within individual stresses (moisture, nitrogen, or density) and analyzed using CIM. Only a few QTLs were affected by stress: three yield QTLs were affected by moisture, one by nitrogen, and one by planting density; four ear height QTLs were affected by moisture. In every case where a QTL was affected by stress, increased stress lowered the allelic effect of the QTL, and no QTLs were mapped for the stress conditions that were not mapped for the non-stress conditions. If these results are typical of other maize populations, they imply that maize breeders could conduct selection under non-stress conditions even though the selected material would be grown in less favorable environments. Each line from the RI population used in this study was descended by selfing from an F-3 line that itself was a member of the population (n = 264) used in an earlier study to map QTLs involved in heterosis for yield. In that study QTLs were mapped using Interval Mapping (IM) and single factor analysis, and most yield QTLs seemed to act in an overdominant manner. Those results are in contrast with the present study in which every mapped yield QTL showed dominant gene action. We investigated this discrepancy by making a direct comparison using only lines and markers that were common in the two generations. Because the F-3 generation was grown tinder non-stress conditions, the yield data used from the present study for this comparison were only from those plants grown under non-stress conditions. In the BC to Mo17, eight QTLs affecting yield were found to be in common between the two generations in at least one statistical test. In the BC to B73, five QTLs were found to be in common between the two generations. In both BCs, two QTLs were scored in the F-3 that were not found in the RI population; however, if the more dense marker map that was developed for the RI population was used, QTLs were found in the RI population at those positions in all but one case. In general, CIM defied QTLs to more narrow regions than IM. The discrepancy between the gene action associated with the QTLs mapped in the two studies can, therefore, be attributed largely to the more dense marker map used in the RI study and also to the use of CIM as opposed to IM, which defined QTLs in the RI Study so that they did not overlap; therefore, they did not display (pseudo-) overdominance as in the F-3 study. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Stuber, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Cstuber2@aol.com NR 39 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 151 EP 167 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 044LF UT WOS:000237673200014 ER PT J AU Taba, S Diaz, J Aragon, F Rincon-Sanchez, F Hernandez, JM Krakowsky, M AF Taba, S. Diaz, J. Aragon C, F. Rincon-Sanchez, F. Hernandez, J. M. Krakowsky, M. TI Evaluation of Zapalote Chico accessions for conservation and enhancement SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE Zapalote Chico; maize landrace; core subset; germplasm conservation ID APPROPRIATE CHARACTERS; RACIAL CLASSIFICATION; MAIZE; MANAGEMENT; MEXICO AB Conserving traditional maize (Zea mays L.) landraces grown by farmers in Latin America can contribute to food security. Core subsets of such landraces that represents that diversity can be used for their enhancement. One such enhancement effort was conducted on a total of 81 accessions drawn from the CIMMYT maize collection of the race Zapalote Chico and newer accessions collected in 1999 from istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, where the race Zapalote Chico is predominantly grown. These accessions were evaluated at four locations in the Mexican states of Morelos, Guerrero, and Oaxaca for agronomic and morphological traits to assess the intraracial diversity for conservation and enhancement. Eleven agronomic and morphological traits were measured and used for a multivariate Cluster analysis. The cluster analysis produced four non-overlapping Clusters with 63 accessions, indicating the intraracial diversity of the Zapalote Chico. The analysis also formed two other clusters with four races, including Tepecintle and Olotillo, which have been introduced to the region of Istmo de Tehuantepec. Using a selection index that accounts for grain yield, grain quality, and standability, and an agronomic performance rating, a breeder core subset (the best 20%) was chosen to represent phenotypic diversity among the clusters. In the core Subset, fifteen accessions comprise the core subset of the race Zapalote Chico and three accessions comprise the core subset for the other races. These core subset accessions, which represent the diversity of the regional landraces of maize, can be enhanced through introgression of improved lines or populations for yield potential, drought resistance, and ear rot resistance, while maintaining the desirable grain quality traits of the original races. C1 CIMMYT, Maize Genet Resources, Plant Gent Resources Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. INIFAP, Campo Expt Valles Cent Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Dept Fitomejoramiento, Coahuila 23515, Mexico. INIFAP, Maize Germplasm Bank, Texcoco 56230, Mexico. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Taba, S (reprint author), CIMMYT, Maize Genet Resources, Plant Gent Resources Ctr, Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. EM s.taba@cgiar.org NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 209 EP 218 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 066EH UT WOS:000239212000006 ER PT J AU Coe, EH Schaeffer, ML AF Coe, E. H. Schaeffer, M. L. TI Uncaging mutants: Moving from menageries to menages SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE mutants; variations; phenotypes; traits; genetic maps; development ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; ZEA-MAYS L.; MAIZE; GENE; TRANSCRIPTS AB The thousands of mutants of maize are a remarkable resource for study of plant physiology, phylogeny, cell biology, biochemistry, development, and molecular biology. Mutants are most often applied in research studies as "members of collections" rather than as select families of members relevant to the Study. Ideally, biologists who are interested in particular systems will be aided by having systematically categorized descriptions that contribute toward creative mining of the resource. Some essential description parameters can be posed that include: Trait(s), Part(s), Stage(s), Map Location, Conditions Externally and Genetically, and Developmental Consequences. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Coe, EH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM coee@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 066EH UT WOS:000239212000012 ER PT J AU Salhuana, W Pollak, L AF Salhuana, W. Pollak, L. TI Latin American Maize Project (LAMP) and Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project: Generating useful breeding germplasm SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE genetic resources; germplasm bank; genetic diversity; exotic germplasm; racial classification ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; FAVORABLE ALLELES; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; ACCESSIONS AB Finding and incorporating new maize genetic resources into productive varieties cannot be accomplished without long-term sustained effort. The wide genetic diversity of the crop has been maintained in germplasm banks. Using this diversity in breeding projects is difficult and has met with little success in the past. In 1987, a 5-year maize evaluation project named the Latin American Maize Project (LAMP) used coordinated national and international efforts to evaluate many maize accessions. Most selected LAMP germplasm is unadapted to temperate locations and requires a long-term approach of conversion and selective adaptation to the major corn growing areas of the U.S. To accomplish this, an unprecedented public/private research effort to utilize the genetic diversity from LAMP and other elite exotic sources was initiated as the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize project (GEM). This project is a unique example of collaboration in which public entities and private seed companies work together with the objective of increasing the productivity and genetic diversity of maize grown in the U.S. The results indicate that alleles from exotic Sources can be combined with genes of elite Corn Belt lines to generate materials useful in breeding programs. We think the approaches taken by LAMP and GEM solved, in part, some of the greatest difficulties experienced by plant breeders using exotic germplasm for improving quantitative traits. C1 Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Tech Steering Grp GEM, Miami, FL 33183 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Salhuana, W (reprint author), Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Tech Steering Grp GEM, 6204 SW 146 Ct, Miami, FL 33183 USA. EM wsalhuan@bellsouth.net NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 339 EP 355 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 066EH UT WOS:000239212000019 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, M Byrne, P Coe, EH AF Schaeffer, M. Byrne, P. Coe, E. H., Jr. TI Consensus quantitative trait maps in maize: A database strategy SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE QTL; consensus; maize; trait ontology ID GRAIN-YIELD; TROPICAL MAIZE; NONSTRESS ENVIRONMENTS; GENOMIC REGIONS; PLANT HEIGHT; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CORN-BORER; LOCI; QTL AB Experimenters who seek to apply the many and diverse studies on quantitative trait loci (QTL) face complex problems in Summarizing, interrelating, and integrating them. We report a strategy for consensus QTL maps that leverages the highly curated data in MaizeGDB, in particular, the numerous QTL studies and maps that are integrated with other genome data on a common coordinate system. In addition, we exploit a systematic QTL nomenclature and a hierarchical categorization of over 400 maize traits developed in the mid 90's; the main nodes of the hierarchy are aligned with the trait ontology at Gramene, a comparative mapping database for cereals. Consensus maps are presented for one trait category, insect response (80 QTL); and two traits, grain yield (71 QTL) and kernel weight (113 QTL), representing over 20 separate QTL map sets of 10 chromosomes each. The strategy is germplasm-independent and reflects any trait relationships that may be chosen. Whether the goal of the experimenter is to understand processes of growth, development, or stress response; to define and isolate genes specific to traits; or to mark QTL segments for selection in maize improvement, the elements of the strategy can be applied equally well. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schaeffer, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SchaefferM@missouri.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 357 EP 367 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 066EH UT WOS:000239212000020 ER PT J AU Duvick, SA Pollak, LM Edwards, JW White, PJ AF Duvick, S. A. Pollak, L. M. Edwards, J. W. White, P. J. TI Altering the fatty acid composition of Corn Belt corn through Tripsacum introgression SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; oil quality; germplasm development; fatty acids separation ID ZEA-MAYS-L; BREEDING MATERIALS; KERNEL POSITION; MAIZE INBREDS; OIL CONTENT; GERM OIL; INHERITANCE; LIPIDS; DACTYLOIDES AB Breeders need Sources of genes for altering the fatty acid content of oil in maize (Zea maize L.) that are not available in Corn Belt germplasm. Previously we determined lines developed from maize introgressed with genes from Tripsacum dactyloides had useful variation for fatty acid composition. We conducted this study to validate the variation, thereby showing that the trait Could be transferred to Corn Belt inbreds using traditional plant breeding methods to create maize lines with altered fatty acid composition useful for an oil quality breeding program. Based on their fatty acid profiles, maize lines were selected from an open pollinated population that was introgressed with genes from Tripsacum dactyloides. These introgressed lines were both self-pollinated, and backcrossed to Corn Belt lines while undergoing selection for various fatty acid compositions. The parental lines and S, and S-3 progeny from the backcrosses were compared to commercial Corn Belt hybrids and inbreds in an experiment using a randomized complete block design with two replications at two locations near Ames, lowa. The plants were hand pollinated and hand harvested. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography to characterize the fatty acid methyl esters made from the oil of five individual kernels from each ear. The relative amounts of the two types of fatty acids of interest, a monounsaturated fatty acid, (oleic acid) and saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids), were greatly increased by selection breeding within the Tripsacum introgressed germplasm. New oil products with more healthful fatty acid compositions and products with reduced trans fats can he developed from these new lines. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Introduct Stn Res Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Duvick, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Introduct Stn Res Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sduvick@iastate.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 409 EP 416 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 066EH UT WOS:000239212000024 ER PT J AU Scott, MP Edwards, JW Bell, CP Schussler, JR Smith, JS AF Scott, M. P. Edwards, J. W. Bell, C. P. Schussler, J. R. Smith, J. S. TI Grain composition and amino acid content in maize cultivars representing 80 years of commercial maize varieties SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE protein quality; plant densities; nutritional quality; essential amino acids AB In order to determine how modern hybrids have impacted grain composition and amino acid content of the corn crop, we characterized a set of cultivars that were widely grown in different eras from the 1920s through 2001. Grain composition exhibited clear trends with time, with protein decreasing and starch increasing. The effects of different plant densities were examined. The grain protein content of modern hybrids responds to plant density and environment differently than the protein content of older varieties. These differences are consistent with a model in which protein content is modulated by different growth conditions. These differences may explain, in part, the mechanism by which modern hybrids maintain yield in different environments, i.e. reduction of protein content in stressful environments frees resources that are used to maintain yield. We examined the content of the nutritionally limiting essential amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan in grain of these cultivars. On a per tissue mass basis, the levels of these amino acids dropped with time while on a per protein basis, their levels were not significantly changed. We conclude that the development of modern hybrids has resulted in maize with reduced protein content, but the nutritional quality of this protein has not changed. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pscott@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 417 EP 423 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 066EH UT WOS:000239212000025 ER PT J AU Krivickas, LS Fielding, RA Murray, A Callahan, D Johansson, A Dorer, DJ Frontera, WR AF Krivickas, LS Fielding, RA Murray, A Callahan, D Johansson, A Dorer, DJ Frontera, WR TI Sex differences in single muscle fiber power in older adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE aging; contractile properties; myofiber; skeletal muscle ID SARCOMERE-LENGTH; CONTRACTILE FUNCTION; WOMEN; MEN; VELOCITY; STRENGTH; CALCIUM; FORCE; PERFORMANCE; CYCLE AB Purpose: This study was conducted to determine whether differences in power at the single muscle fiber level contribute to sex differences in whole muscle power production in the elderly. Methods: A total of 16 sedentary older persons (10 women, 6 men), mean age 72 yr, had percutaneous needle biopsy of musculus vastus lateralis. Chemically skinned single muscle fibers were activated with Ca2+ for maximal isometric force measurement (P.). The slack test was performed to determine maximal unloaded shortening velocity (V-o). Force-velocity and power curves were generated via a series of isotonic contractions, allowing measurement of peak power and specific power. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to determine myosin heavy chain composition of single muscle fibers. Whole muscle strength, velocity, and power were measured for knee extension and double leg press. Results: Men had greater whole muscle strength, power, and velocity compared with women. Studied were 274 type I and 33 type IIa single fibers. No significant sex differences were found for fiber size, P-o, specific force, V-o, power, or specific power in type I or IIa fibers. Conclusions: Single muscle fiber quality in older women is equivalent to that in older men and can not explain the differences seen in whole muscle strength, power, or function. C1 Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Sargeant Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Biostat Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Krivickas, LS (reprint author), Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, 125 Nashua St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM lkrivickas@partners.org FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-18844] NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000180357.58329.bl PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 000LS UT WOS:000234464100010 PM 16394954 ER PT J AU Jang, Y Lee, JH Kim, OY Koh, SJ Chae, JS Woo, JH Cho, H Lee, JE Ordovas, JA AF Jang, Y Lee, JH Kim, OY Koh, SJ Chae, JS Woo, JH Cho, H Lee, JE Ordovas, JA TI The SNP276G > T polymorphism in the adiponectin (ACDC) gene is more strongly associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk than SNP45T > G in nonobese/nondiabetic Korean men independent of abdominal adiposity and circulating plasma adiponectin SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; METABOLIC-SYNDROME; APM1 GENE; PROXIMAL PROMOTER; FAT DISTRIBUTION; OBESITY AB This study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms of the adiponectin (ACDC) gene independently contribute to insulin resistance (IR) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in nonobese, nondiabetic Korean men after adjusting for major environmental factors that influence IR. Among the 7 ACDC single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs;C-11377G, T45G, G276T, H241P, Y111H, G90S, and R221 S) prescreened in 48 subjects, we genotyped 333 subjects for SNP45 and SNP276, both of which showed an allele frequency of more than 2%. In Pearson con-elation and multiple stepwise regression analyses, we found that waist circumference was the most important influencing factor (beta = .369, P <.001) in homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR, whereas plasma adiponectin was the second most important (beta = -.217, P = .023). At position 276, T/T subjects showed significantly lower glucose concentrations (P =.043) and higher low-density lipoprotein particle sizes (P =.033) than the G/G and G/T subjects. The subjects also had lower serum triglycerides and HOMA-IR; however, these results were not statistically significant. After adjusting for waist circumference and plasma adiponectin, T/T subjects showed a significantly lower HOMA-IR than G/G or G/T subjects (P =.048). On the other hand, at position 45, only glucose concentrations were significantly lower in G carriers (P =.005). In the SNP45-SNP276 haplotype test, TT/TT subjects (having T/T at both SNP45 and SNP276) showed significantly lower IR before and after adjusting for waist circumference and adiponectin levels than did other carriers. In conclusion, we suggest that SNP276G>T, rather than SNP45T>G, is more strongly associated (both directly and indirectly) than with several components of metabolic syndrome and CVD risk, including IR, triglyceride concentration, and low-density lipoprotein particle size, in nonobese, nondiabetic men. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yonsei Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Med Inst, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Div Cardiol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. DNA Link Ltd, Seoul 120110, South Korea. Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 48 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.07.007 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 995KE UT WOS:000234098400009 PM 16324920 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Englen, MD Kathariou, S Wesley, IV Wang, GL Pittenger-Alley, L Siletz, RM Muraoka, W Fedorka-Cray, PJ Mandrell, RE AF Miller, WG Englen, MD Kathariou, S Wesley, IV Wang, GL Pittenger-Alley, L Siletz, RM Muraoka, W Fedorka-Cray, PJ Mandrell, RE TI Identification of host-associated alleles by multilocus sequence typing of Campylobacter coli strains from food animals SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; FOODBORNE PATHOGEN; JEJUNI; DIFFERENTIATION; UPSALIENSIS; DIVERSITY; RECOVERY; GENE; LARI AB Campylobacter coli is a food-borne pathogen associated increasingly with human gastroenteritis. C. coli has a high prevalence in swine, but is isolated also from cattle and poultry. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) systems have been developed to differentiate C. coli strains. Although substantial allelic diversity was identified across all seven C. coli MLST loci, no correlations were made in two previous studies between allele or sequence type (ST) and the source of the organism. However, this may be due to either the relatively small number or the low diversity of C. coli strains used to validate both MLST studies. This study describes the typing of 488 C. coli strains from 4 different food animal sources (cattle, chickens, swine and turkeys), collected at different times over a 6 year period from different USA geographical locations. A total of 149 STs were identified. The 185 swine strains were the most diverse, possessing 82 STs. The cattle strains were the most clonal; 52/63 (83%) strains possessed a single ST (ST-1068). A subpopulation of C. coli strains, collected primarily from turkeys, was identified, containing both C. coli- and Campylobacter jejuni-associated MLST alleles, specifically the C. jejuni allele aspA103. The majority of STs and alleles were host associated, i.e. found primarily in strains from a single food-animal source. Only 12/149 (8 %) STs were found in multiple sources. Additionally, the majority (34/46, 74 %) of major (n > 5) alleles were more prevalent in certain hosts (swine, poultry). The presence of host-associated C. coli MLST alleles could lead potentially to more efficient source tracking in this species, especially in the trace-back of both sporadic and outbreak human clinical C. coli strains to animal sources. C1 USDA, ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Dept Agr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Dept Agr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bmiller@pw.usda.gov RI Muraoka, Wayne/A-2830-2009 FU Wellcome Trust NR 24 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JAN PY 2006 VL 152 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1099/mic.0.28348-0 PN 1 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 004HA UT WOS:000234741400026 PM 16385134 ER PT J AU Warner, K AF Warner, K. BE Gunstone, FD TI Methods of analysis to determine the quality of oils SO MODIFYING LIPIDS FOR USE IN FOOD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; FRYING PERFORMANCE; MINOR CONSTITUENTS; SOYBEAN OIL; CANOLA OIL C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM warnerk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-168-4 PY 2006 BP 114 EP 127 DI 10.1533/9781845691684.1.114 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BMD34 UT WOS:000271908900006 ER PT J AU Takahashi, Y Hursting, SD Perkins, SN Wang, TC Wang, TTY AF Takahashi, Y Hursting, SD Perkins, SN Wang, TC Wang, TTY TI Genistein affects androgen-responsive genes through both androgen- and estrogen-induced signaling pathways SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE androgen receptor; estrogen receptor; isoflavone; prostate cancer; real-time PCR ID PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; ISOFLAVONES DAIDZEIN; SOYBEAN ISOFLAVONES; ANTIGEN-EXPRESSION; SOY ISOFLAVONE; IN-VITRO; RECEPTOR; GROWTH; LNCAP; ESTRADIOL AB This study examined the mechanisms by which the prostate cancer chemopreventive agent genistein modulates gene expression in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Expression of androgen- and estrogen-regulated genes was measured in LNCaP cells cultured in the presence or absence of hormonal stimulation and the presence or absence of genistein. Genistein strongly suppressed basal expression of androgen-responsive gene (ARG) mRNAs, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK). However, genistein had little or no effect on basal expression of two other ARGs, beta(2)-Microglobulin (B2M) or selenoprotein P (SEPP1). Culturing LNCaP cells in the presence of the synthetic androgen R1881-induced increases in PSA, SPAK, B2M, and SEPP1 mRNA levels. The R1881-induced expression of these genes was uniformly blocked by genistein. For PSA and SPAK, genistein also blocked or downregulated 17 beta-estradiol-induced increases in mRNA expression. These results indicate that genistein selectively alters expression of ARG mRNAs in LNCaP cells through modulation of both androgen- and estrogen-induced signaling pathways. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Maryland, Nutr Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1002/mc.20153 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 003SN UT WOS:000234702000003 PM 16299812 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Bellinger, MR Forsman, ED Haig, SM AF Miller, MP Bellinger, MR Forsman, ED Haig, SM TI Effects of historical climate change, habitat connectivity, and vicariance on genetic structure and diversity across the range of the red tree vole (Phenacomys longicaudus) in the Pacific Northwestern United States SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interpolation; mitochondrial control region; Phenacomys longicaudus; phylogeography; Pleistocene glaciation; spatial genetic analysis ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; WILLAMETTE VALLEY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; OREGON; DNA; POPULATIONS; AMERICA; BARRIERS; RODENTIA AB Phylogeographical analyses conducted in the Pacific Northwestern United States have often revealed concordant patterns of genetic diversity among taxa. These studies demonstrate distinct North/South genetic discontinuities that have been attributed to Pleistocene glaciation. We examined phylogeographical patterns of red tree voles (Phenacomys longicaudus) in western Oregon by analysing mitochondrial control region sequences for 169 individuals from 18 areas across the species' range. Cytochrome b sequences were also analysed from a subset of our samples to confirm the presence of major haplotype groups. Phylogenetic network analyses suggested the presence of two haplotype groups corresponding to northern and southern regions of P. longicaudus' range. Spatial genetic analyses (samova and Genetic Landscape Shapes) of control region sequences demonstrated a primary genetic discontinuity separating northern and southern sampling areas, while a secondary discontinuity separated northern sampling areas into eastern and western groups divided by the Willamette Valley. The North/South discontinuity likely corresponds to a region of secondary contact between lineages rather than an overt barrier. Although the Cordilleran ice sheet (maximum similar to 12 000 years ago) did not move southward to directly affect the region occupied by P. longicaudus, climate change during glaciation fragmented the forest landscape that it inhabits. Signatures of historical fragmentation were reflected by positive associations between latitude and variables such as Tajima's D and patterns associated with location-specific alleles. Genetic distances between southern sampling areas were smaller, suggesting that forest fragmentation was reduced in southern vs. northern regions. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mark.miller@usu.edu RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011; OI Bellinger, M. Renee/0000-0001-5274-9572 NR 58 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02765.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 994KD UT WOS:000234029800013 PM 16367837 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA De Barro, PJ Makinson, JR Pemberton, RW Hartley, DM Frohlich, DR AF Goolsby, JA De Barro, PJ Makinson, JR Pemberton, RW Hartley, DM Frohlich, DR TI Matching the origin of an invasive weed for selection of a herbivore haplotype for a biological control programme SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agent selection; Australia; biological invasions; co-evolution; Floracarus; Florida Everglades; Lygodium; phylogeography ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM; LOCAL ADAPTATION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; NATURAL ENEMIES; NEW-ZEALAND; HOST; COEVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; AUSTRALIA AB The Florida Everglades have been invaded by an exotic weed fern, Lygodium microphyllum. Across its native distribution in the Old World tropics from Africa to Australasia it was found to have multiple location-specific haplotypes. Within this distribution, the climbing fern is attacked by a phytophagous mite, Floracarus perrepae, also with multiple haplotypes. The genetic relationship between mite and fern haplotypes was matched by an overarching geographical relationship between the two. Further, mites that occur in the same location as a particular fern haplotype were better able to utilize the fern than mites from more distant locations. From a biological control context, we are able to show that the weed fern in the Everglades most likely originated in northern Queensland, Australia/Papua New Guinea and that the mite from northern Queensland offers the greatest prospect for control. C1 USDA ARS, Benficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. CSIRO Entomol, Long Pocket Labs, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. CSIRO Entomol, Black Mt Labs, Clunies Ross St, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Benficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jgoolsby@weslaco.ars.usda.gov RI Hartley, Diana/D-3556-2011; De Barro, Paul/C-1724-2008; Makinson, Jeffrey/M-7031-2014 OI Makinson, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9870-5866 NR 38 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02788.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 994KD UT WOS:000234029800023 PM 16367847 ER PT J AU Barr, NB McPheron, BA AF Barr, NB McPheron, BA TI Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Ceratitis (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis; Trirhithrum; Tephritidae; ND6; COI; period ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RHAGOLETIS DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; CAPITATA; REVISION; MODEL; LIKELIHOOD AB The Afrotropical fruit fly genus Ceratitis MacLeay is an economically important group that comprises over 89 species, subdivided into six subgenera. Cladistic analyses of morphological and host use characters have produced several phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus. Only monophyly of the subgenera Pardalaspis and Ceratitis (sensu stricto) and polyphyly of the subgenus Ceratalaspis are common to all of these phylogenies. In this study, the hypotheses developed from morphological and host use characters are tested using gene trees produced from DNA sequence data of two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase 1 and NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 6) and a nuclear gene (period). Comparison of gene trees indicates the following relationships: the subgenus Pardalaspis is monophyletic, subsection A of the subgenus Pterandrus is monophyletic, the subgenus Pterandrus may be either paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the subgenus Ceratalaspis is polyphyletic, and the subgenus Ceratitis s. s. might not be monophyletic. In addition, the genera Ceratitis and Trirhithrum do not form reciprocally monophyletic clades in the gene trees. Although the data statistically reject monophyly for Trirhithrum under the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test, they do not reject monophyly of Ceratitis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM Norman.B.Barr@aphis.usda.gov RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; McPheron, Bruce/0000-0001-9623-5100 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 216 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.10.013 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 000KW UT WOS:000234461700017 PM 16321548 ER PT J AU Gabriel, DW Allen, C Schell, M Denny, TP Greenberg, JT Duan, YP Flores-Cruz, Z Huang, Q Clifford, JM Presting, G Gonzalez, ET Reddy, J Elphinstone, J Swanson, J Yao, J Mulholland, V Liu, L Farmerie, W Patnaikuni, M Balogh, B Norman, D Alvarez, A Castillo, JA Jones, J Saddler, G Walunas, T Zhukov, A Mikhailova, N AF Gabriel, DW Allen, C Schell, M Denny, TP Greenberg, JT Duan, YP Flores-Cruz, Z Huang, Q Clifford, JM Presting, G Gonzalez, ET Reddy, J Elphinstone, J Swanson, J Yao, J Mulholland, V Liu, L Farmerie, W Patnaikuni, M Balogh, B Norman, D Alvarez, A Castillo, JA Jones, J Saddler, G Walunas, T Zhukov, A Mikhailova, N TI Identification of open reading frames unique to a select agent: Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE bacterial wilt; comparative genomics ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; BACTERIAL WILT; TRANSLOCATION PATHWAY; PATHOGENICITY GENES; AVIRULENCE GENE; STRAINS; GENOME; HOST; INFECTION AB An 8x draft genome was obtained and annotated for Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3B2) strain UW551, a United States Department of Agriculture Select Agent isolated from geranium. The draft UW551 genome consisted of 80,169 reads resulting in 582 contigs containing 5,925,491 base pairs, with an average 64.5% GC content. Annotation revealed a predicted 4,454 protein coding open reading frames (ORFs), 43 tRNAs, and 5 rRNAs; 2,793 (or 62%) of the ORFs had a functional assignment. The UW551 genome was compared with the published genome of R. solanacearum race 1 biovar 3 tropical tomato strain GMI1000. The two phylogenetically distinct strains were at least 71% syntenic in gene organization. Most genes encoding known pathogenicity determinants, including predicted type III secteted effectors, appeared to be common to both strains. A total. of 402 unique UW551 ORFs were identified, none of which had a best hit or >45% amino acid sequence identity with any R. solanacearum predicted protein; 16 had strong (E < 10(-13)) best hitsto ORFs found in other bacterial plant pathogens. Many of the 402 unique genes were clustered, including 5 found in the 402 region and 38 contiguous, potential prophage genes. Conservation of some UW551 unique genes among R3132 strains was examined by polymerase chain reaction among a group of 58 strains from different races and biovars, resulting in the identification of genes that may be potentially useful for diagnostic detection and identification of R3B2 strains. One 22-kb region that appears to be present in GM11000 as a result of horizontal gene transfer is absent from UW551 and encodes enzymes that likely are essential for utilization of the three sugar alcohols that distinguish biovars 3 and 4 from biovars 1 and 2. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USDA, US Natl Arboretum, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Apopka, FL USA. Cent Sci Lab, York, N Yorkshire, England. Scottish Agr & Sci Agcy, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Florida, ICBR, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant Environm Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Integrated Genom, Chicago, IL USA. RP Gabriel, DW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gabriel@biotech.ufl.edu RI Mulholland, Vincent/A-7424-2016 OI Mulholland, Vincent/0000-0001-6875-2354 NR 61 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-0069 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 995KQ UT WOS:000234099600008 PM 16404955 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Posada, F Peterson, SW Gianfagna, TJ Chaves, F AF Vega, Fernando E. Posada, Francisco Peterson, Stephen W. Gianfagna, Thomas J. Chaves, Fabio TI Penicillium species endophytic in coffee plants and ochratoxin A production SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Coffea arabica; Coffea congensis; Coffea dewevrei; Coffea liberica; endophytes; OTA ID DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; MELIA-AZEDARACH; BERRY BORER; LEAVES; NODOSITATUM; ROOTS; BEANS; MEROTERPENES; THIERSII AB Tissues from Coffea arabica, C. congensis, C. dewevrei and C. liberica collected in Colombia, Hawaii and at a local plant nursery in Maryland were sampled for the presence of fungal endophytes. Surface sterilized tissues including roots, leaves, stems and various berry parts were plated on yeast-malt agar. DNA was extracted from a set of isolates visually recognized as Penicillium, and the internal transcribed spacer region and partial LSU-rDNA was amplified and sequenced. Comparison of DNA sequences with GenBank and unpublished sequences revealed the presence of 11 known Penicillium species: P. brevicompactum, P. brocae, P. cecidicola, P. citrinum, P. coffeae, P. crustosum, P. janthinellum, P. olsonii, P. oxalicum, P. sclerotiorum and P. steckii as well as two possibly undescribed species near P. diversum and P. roseopurpureum. Ochratoxin A was produced by only four isolates, one isolate each of P. brevicompactum, P. crustosum, P. olsonii and P. oxalicum. The role these endophytes play in the biology of the coffee plant remains enigmatic. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vegaf@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 64 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 12 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.1.31 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 053ZE UT WOS:000238344100004 PM 16800302 ER PT J AU Melgar, JC Abney, TS Vierling, RA AF Melgar, JC Abney, TS Vierling, RA TI Peroxidase activity in soybeans following inoculation with Phytophthora sojae SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE peroxidase; soybean; Phytophthora; susceptible; Rps gene; resistance; race-specific resistance; Phytophthora root rot ID RESISTANCE; DISEASE; LEAVES AB The effects of race-specific resistance as conditioned by Rps genes (rps, Rps1-k, Rps2, Rps3, Rps6) in two genetic backgrounds (Williams & Harosoy) on accumulation of soluble peroxidases were determined by a soybean peroxidase capture assay (SPCA) after inoculation with P. sojae races 2, 7, or 25. Peroxidase activity increased in all isolines during the 72 h after inoculation, but reactions varied depending on time after inoculation, genetic background, Rps gene and P. sojae race. Peroxidase activity was higher in race-specific resistant than in susceptible reactions at 72 h. after inoculation, except for plants with the Rps2 gene which confers a unique form of root resistance in addition to the whole plant race-specific resistance. Williams isolines had larger increases in peroxidase activity than Harosoy isolines when data were averaged across Rps genes, and was most evident when plants were inoculated with race 2. When soybeans were inoculated with race 7 Rps1-k resistant plants had the highest increase in peroxidase activity, but Rps2 susceptible plants had a significantly higher peroxidase activity than plants with rps, Rps3, and Rps6 that were also susceptible. Results from inoculations with race 25 were somewhat different, Rps2 resistant plants had the highest increase in peroxidase activity; however, plants with the Rps3 or Rps6 gene that were also resistant did not have a significantly higher peroxidase activity than susceptible plants with the rps or Rps1-k gene. C1 ARS, Crop Prod & Pathol Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Abney, TS (reprint author), ARS, Crop Prod & Pathol Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM abney@purdue.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JAN PY 2006 VL 161 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s11046-005-0721-y PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 999NT UT WOS:000234397000006 PM 16389483 ER PT B AU Robens, J AF Robens, J. BE Barug, D Bhatnagar, D VanEgmond, HP VanderKamp, JW VanOsenbruggen, WA Visconti, A TI Research and regulatory priorities in the USA SO Mycotoxin Factbook: Food & Feed Topics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Mycotoxin Forum CY NOV, 2005 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS DE mycotoxin; regulation; research; priorities ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; DEOXYNIVALENOL; GENES; RESISTANCE; WHEAT AB In the U.S. research needs closely follow those of the regulatory agencies. Research provides the information and the technology to be able to produce and deliver food crops and products, which have levels of mycotoxins consistent with the public health. To provide the information necessary for both regulatory agencies and for producers, mycotoxin research priorities are primarily preharvest to provide for crop production free of toxic fungal contamination. These priorities include genomics of the causative fungi both descriptive and functional; fungal physiology and ecological relationships of the fungus and the toxin, both within the crop and in the greater environment surrounding the crop; technology to breed resistant crops; competitive exclusion technologies; agronomic practices; and mechanism of action of the toxin in animals. Appropriate sampling and detection methodologies for the regulatory agencies and producing industries encompass both preharvest and postharvest sectors. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Robens, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-006-7 PY 2006 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology; Mycology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Mycology GA BGL56 UT WOS:000248204800005 ER PT B AU Bhatnagar, D Proctor, R Tayne, GA Wilkinson, J Yu, J Cleveland, TE Nierman, WC AF Bhatnagar, D. Proctor, R. Tayne, G. A. Wilkinson, J. Yu, J. Cleveland, T. E. Nierman, W. C. BE Barug, D Bhatnagar, D VanEgmond, HP VanderKamp, JW VanOsenbruggen, WA Visconti, A TI Genomics of mycotoxigenic fungi SO Mycotoxin Factbook: Food & Feed Topics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Mycotoxin Forum CY NOV, 2005 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS DE genomics; expresssed sequence tag; microarray; mycotoxigenic fungi ID POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENES; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; PATHOGEN FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; VERTICILLIOIDES; MICROARRAYS; CLUSTER; IDENTIFICATION AB Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites, which are harmful to the health of humans and/or animals. Aflatoxins, trichothecenes (T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol) and fumonisins are the major mycotoxins, which contaminate crop plants and, as a result, are of great importance to agricultural economics and in food and feed safety. Aflatoxins are produced mainly by the two Aspergillus species in section Flavi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Trichothecenes and fumonisins are produced by Fusarium species. The genetics and biology of aflatoxin, trichothecene and fumonisin biosynthesis have been investigated in significant detail, and many of the genes and/or enzymes involved in the formation of these toxins have been identified. Genomic efforts, such as expressed sequence tag, cosmid clone sequencing, chromosome sequencing, and large-scale whole genome sequencing, on toxigenic and nontoxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium species have been made in recent years. The technological breakthroughs in genomics research have significantly advanced our understanding of the biology and genetics of these filamentous fungi for the control of mycotoxin contamination in food and feed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Bhatnagar, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-006-7 PY 2006 BP 157 EP 177 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology; Mycology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Mycology GA BGL56 UT WOS:000248204800009 ER PT B AU Cotty, PJ AF Cotty, P. J. BE Barug, D Bhatnagar, D VanEgmond, HP VanderKamp, JW VanOsenbruggen, WA Visconti, A TI Biocompetitive exclusion of toxigenic fungi SO MYCOTOXIN FACTBOOK: FOOD & FEED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Mycotoxin Forum CY NOV, 2005 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS DE biological control; cottonseed; corn; ecology; fungal adaptation ID ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; ATOXIGENIC STRAIN; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FIELD APPLICATION; SOUTH TEXAS; COTTONSEED; REGULATIONS AB Aflatoxins are highly toxic cancer causing Aspergillus metabolites that cause immune-system suppression, growth retardation, cancer, and death in both humans and domestic animals. Aflatoxin-producing species have considerable intraspecific variability and the species that causes most aflatoxin contamination of crops, Aspergillus flavus, varies widely in aflatoxin production with some strains producing no aflatoxins. Biocontrol strategies to reduce aflatoxin contamination have been developed utilising strains of Aspergillus flavus, which do not produce aflatoxins to competitively exclude aflatoxin producers. In commercial practice, these atoxigenic strains are applied during crop development on a fungal food source that fuels initial reproduction and dispersal of the biocontrol agent. Although applications alter the composition of Aspergillus flavus communities associated with crops and, as a result, reduce crop aflatoxin content, both crop infection by Aspergillus flavus and the quantity of,Aspergillus flavus on the crop at harvest are no different in treated and untreated crops. Long-term influences of atoxigenic strain treatments have led to efforts to develop area-wide aflatoxin management programs. It is within such programs that the greatest potential for atoxigenic strain use may reside. However, for optimal benefits, improved methods for utilising atoxigenic strains must be envisioned and developed. It is likely these will include methods that simultaneously utilise multiple strains. C1 Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 75 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-006-7 PY 2006 BP 179 EP 197 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology; Mycology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Mycology GA BGL56 UT WOS:000248204800010 ER PT B AU Maragos, CM Kim, EK AF Maragos, C. M. Kim, E. -K. BE Njapau, H Trujillo, S VanEgmond, HP Park, DL TI Cross-reactivity of six zearalenone antibodies in a hand-held fluorescence polarisation immunoassay SO MYCOTOXINS AND PHYCOTOXINS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP IUPAC, AOAC Int DE zearalenone; zearalenol; fluorescence polarization; immunoassay; analysis ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MYCOTOXIN ZEARALENONE; WHEAT; DEOXYNIVALENOL; ZEARALANOL; BARLEY; CORN AB Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several fungi, in particular Fusarium graminearum, and is commonly found in grain throughout the world. The native fluorescence of zearalenone (ZEN) has been used to advantage for detection of this toxin by instrumental methods such as HPLC. Antibody-based screening assays such enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have existed for a number of years for determination of ZEN and related metabolites. While convenient, the ELISAs for small molecules such as ZEN require a washing step to separate the bound and unbound enzyme label before detection. Fluorescence polarisation (FP) immunoassays do not require a separation step and therefore, with fewer manipulations, have the potential to be more rapid. Previously we have reported a FP immunoassay for detection of ZEN in maize using a commercially available antibody. In the present report we describe the cross-reactivity and kinetics of interaction of one commercially available and 5 newly developed monoclonal antibodies for the mycotoxins ZEN, zearalanone, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol, alpha-zearalanol, and beta-zearalanol using a miniaturised version of the previous FP device. Using the cross-reactivity and kinetic data, particular antibodies with the desired analytical characteristics can be selected for further application. C1 [Maragos, C. M.; Kim, E. -K.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-007-4 PY 2006 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BHB29 UT WOS:000252063400008 ER PT B AU Meyer, SE AF Meyer, Susan E. GP USDA TI Strategies for seed propagation of native forbs SO National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2005 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association CY JUL 18-20, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc DE dormancy; dry after-ripening; germination; hard seed; seed quality; stratification; viability AB Native forbs are an increasingly important component of container production for many public and private nurseries. Propagators are often called upon to grow species with unknown requirements. A systematic approach is required to obtain plants from seeds of these species, beginning with determining what is a propagule and evaluating seed quality. Next, seed dormancy status must be determined, and appropriate dormancy-breaking treatments applied. Finally, germinable or germinated seeds must be sown into a propagation system that maximizes chances of survival and growth. The propagation system may need to be tailored to the requirements of the species being grown. Most native forbs can be grown successfully in containers, but a few present seed dormancy or seedling growth problems that we have not yet learned to overcome. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2006 VL 43 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BGC25 UT WOS:000245982400001 ER PT B AU Sloan, J AF Sloan, John GP USDA TI Meadow restoration in the sawtooth national recreation area in southern Idaho SO National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2005 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association CY JUL 18-20, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc DE native plants; grasses; forbs; shrubs; restoration; seed collection; seed cleaning; plant propagation; site disturbance; container stock AB High elevation sites are ecologically fragile. When disturbed, these sites can take a long time to recover. However, native plant seeds are often unavailable and little is known about growing many of these plant species. This paper describes the cooperative restoration of a high elevation meadow in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area after a severe disturbance. The methods are presented for others who may be faced with a similar situation or working with the same native plant species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Lucky Peak Nursery, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Sloan, J (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Lucky Peak Nursery, 15169 E Hwy 21, Boise, ID 83709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2006 VL 43 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BGC25 UT WOS:000245982400003 ER PT B AU Pinto, JR Durnroese, RK Marshall, JD AF Pinto, Jeremy R. Durnroese, R. Kasten Marshall, John D. GP USDA TI Run for cover! What's covering your greenhouse and how is it affecting seedling growth? SO National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2005 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association CY JUL 18-20, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc DE greenhouse cover; greenhouse glazing; light; seedling growth; Pinus ponderosa ID RADIATION; GERMINATION; SOLAR; LIGHT AB Analysis of seedling growth characteristics between two greenhouse cover types, old fiberglass and new polycarbonate, shows significant differences in height and sturdiness coefficients in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings. Three rates of nitrogen (N) application (20, 40, and 60 mg) indicate that seedling growth will increase under both cover types, but may cause a reduction in seedling quality attributes including shoot-to-root ratio and seedling sturdiness. Under the new polycarbonate cover type, the mid and high rates of N fertilizer application showed no significant gains in seedling growth. Significant differences in germination were also detected between the two cover types favoring the old fiberglass material. When considering replacing a greenhouse cover with a new material, it is important to consider alterations in the seedling growth environment and make the appropriate cultural adjustments to ensure high seedling quality. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Pinto, JR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2006 VL 43 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BGC25 UT WOS:000245982400006 ER PT B AU Riley, LE Steinfeld, D Feigner, S AF Riley, Lee E. Steinfeld, David Feigner, Steven GP USDA TI An evolution of bareroot cultural practices at J. Herbert Stone Nursery SO National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2005 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association CY JUL 18-20, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc DE seedling culture; root volume; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus ponderosa; root culture AB Bareroot nursery practices that maximize root development and root growth have been studied and documented over a number of years. Each nursery, however, has its own unique combination of climate, soils, species, and stocktypes for which site specific cultural practices are necessary. J. Herbert Stone Nursery, a USDA Forest Service nursery in Central Point, OR, has completed a variety of production trials to adapt general cultural practices to its site. These trials resulted in 1) developing a strategy to maintain high soil porosity through the application of organic matter and tillage measures; 2) sowing seeds earlier in the winter for 1 + 0 stocktypes; 3) lowering seedbed densities from 267 seedlings/m(2) (25 seedlings/ft(2)) to between 161 and 195 seedlings/m(2) (15 and 18 seedlings/ft(2)); 4) transplanting seedlings in early fall instead of spring; and 5) developing a miniplug + 1 stocktype. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resources Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. RP Riley, LE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resources Ctr, 34963 Shoreview Rd, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2006 VL 43 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BGC25 UT WOS:000245982400007 ER PT B AU Scott, GL McCaughey, WW AF Scott, Glenda L. McCaughey, Ward W. GP USDA TI Whitebark pine guidelines for planting prescriptions SO National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2005 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association CY JUL 18-20, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc DE whitebark pine; Pinus albicaulis; reforestation; tree planting; pocket gophers; white pine blister rust; mountain pine beetle; cones; seeds; fire suppression AB This paper reviews general literature, research studies, field observations, and standard Forest Service survival surveys of high-elevation whitebark pine plantations and presents a set of guidelines for outplanting prescriptions. When planting whitebark pine, the recommendations are: 1) reduce overstory competition; 2) reduce understory vegetation, especially grasses and sedges; 3) avoid outplanting in swales or frost pocket areas; 4) provide shade protection; 5) plant where there is protection from heavy snow loading; and 6) provide adequate growing space. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Scott, GL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Reg 1,POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2006 VL 43 BP 84 EP 90 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BGC25 UT WOS:000245982400012 ER PT B AU Mahalovich, MF Burr, KE Foushee, DL AF Mahalovich, Mary F. Burr, Karen E. Foushee, David L. GP USDA TI Whitebark pine germination, rust resistance, and cold hardiness among seed sources in the inland northwest: Planting strategies for restoration SO National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2005 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association CY JUL 18-20, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc DE pinusalbicaulis; progenytest; genecology; heritability; electrolyte leakage test; index of injury AB A synthesis of several studies highlights above-average performing seed sources (n = 108) of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), which practitioners can utilize for restoration, wildlife habitat improvement, and operational planting programs. It is the first report of this magnitude of blister rust resistance for this species. Whitebark pine does have genetic variation and demonstrated resistance to white pine blister rust, increasing from the southeast to the northwest in the Inland Northwest. Early outplanting reports have shown that some seedlings have frost damage or exhibit increased mortality in cold pockets or swales. Cold hardiness, measured in late Winter on a smaller sample of sources (n = 55), also showed genetic variability increasing from the northwest to the southeast. Seed zones were delineated by Mahalovich and Hoff (2000) based on information on relative rust hazard and demarcation of mountain ranges. These geographic seed zones support conservative seed transfer with a special emphasis on blister rust infection levels. Sufficient variability exists to maintain these seed zone boundaries, because whitebark pine exhibits more of an intermediate adaptive strategy as compared to the generalist adaptive strategy of western white pine (P. monticola). Based on this composite information, it is feasible to outplant whitebark pine without the additional delay of waiting until blister rust resistant seedlings are developed from a breeding program. There are sources within each seed zone that have both rust resistance and greater cold hardiness, so those factors should not limit tree planting for restoration or critical wildlife habitat improvement objectives. Typical stock orders involve container-grown seedlings. A comparison between Economy and copper-lined Ray Leach Super Cell Cone-tainers (TM) (10 in(3) [164 cm(3)]) shows no advantage to using copper lining. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Mahalovich, MF (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2006 VL 43 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BGC25 UT WOS:000245982400013 ER PT B AU Karrfalt, RP AF Karrfalt, Robert P. GP USDA TI The USDA forest service national seed laboratory SO National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2005 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Northeastern-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association CY AUG 01-04, 2005 CL Springfield, MO SP NE Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc DE seed testing; germ plasm; tree improvement; gene conservation; technology transfer C1 Natl Seed Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Dry Branch, GA 31020 USA. RP Karrfalt, RP (reprint author), Natl Seed Lab, USDA Forest Serv, 5675 Riggins Mill Rd, Dry Branch, GA 31020 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2006 VL 43 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BGC25 UT WOS:000245982400016 ER PT J AU Ioannidis, JPA Gwinn, M Little, J Higgins, JPT Bernstein, JL Boffetta, P Bondy, M Bray, MS Brenchley, PE Buffler, PA Casas, JP Chokkalingam, A Danesh, J Smith, GD Dolan, S Duncan, R Gruis, NA Hartge, P Hashibe, M Hunter, DJ Jarvelin, MR Malmer, B Maraganore, DM Newton-Bishop, JA O'Brien, TR Petersen, G Riboli, E Salanti, G Seminara, D Smeeth, L Taioli, E Timpson, N Uitterlinden, AG Vineis, P Wareham, N Winn, DM Zimmern, R Khoury, MJ AF Ioannidis, JPA Gwinn, M Little, J Higgins, JPT Bernstein, JL Boffetta, P Bondy, M Bray, MS Brenchley, PE Buffler, PA Casas, JP Chokkalingam, A Danesh, J Smith, GD Dolan, S Duncan, R Gruis, NA Hartge, P Hashibe, M Hunter, DJ Jarvelin, MR Malmer, B Maraganore, DM Newton-Bishop, JA O'Brien, TR Petersen, G Riboli, E Salanti, G Seminara, D Smeeth, L Taioli, E Timpson, N Uitterlinden, AG Vineis, P Wareham, N Winn, DM Zimmern, R Khoury, MJ CA Human Genome Epidemiology Network Network Investigtor Networks TI A road map for efficient and reliable human genome epidemiology SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; PUBLICATION; ASSOCIATION; GUIDELINES; BIAS; ENVIRONMENT; FALSE AB Networks of investigators have begun sharing best practices, tools and methods for analysis of associations between genetic variation and common diseases. A Network of Investigator Networks has been set up to drive the process, sponsored by the Human Genome Epidemiology Network. A workshop is planned to develop consensus guidelines for reporting results of genetic association studies. Published literature databases will be integrated, and unpublished data, including 'negative' studies, will be captured by online journals and through investigator networks. Systematic reviews will be expanded to include more meta-analyses of individual-level data and prospective meta-analyses. Field synopses will offer regularly updated overviews. C1 Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Biomed Res Inst, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. Univ Cambridge, MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2SR, England. Strangeways Res Lab, Publ Hlth Genet Unit, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69008 Lyon, France. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Royal Infirm, Manchester Inst Nephrol & Transplantat, Renal Res Labs, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol BS8 2PR, Avon, England. March Dimes, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, NL-2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London W2 1PG, England. Univ Oulu, Dept Publ Hlth Sci & Gen Practice, Oulu, Finland. Umea Univ Hosp, Dept Radiat Sci, Umea, Sweden. Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. CR UK Clin Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Div, Leeds LS8 7FT, W Yorkshire, England. Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Inst Sci Interchange Fdn, Turin, Italy. MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Elsie Widdowson Labs, Cambridge CB1 9NL, England. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM jioannid@cc.uoi.gr RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; Fox, Laura /C-6249-2016; OI Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Gruis, Nelleke/0000-0002-5210-9150; Monsalve, Beatriz Elena/0000-0002-5994-866X; Brenchley, Paul/0000-0003-1290-9919; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta/0000-0002-2149-0630; Newton Bishop, Julia/0000-0001-9147-6802; Timpson, Nicholas/0000-0002-7141-9189 FU Medical Research Council [G108/492, MC_U106179471] NR 24 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1038/ng0106-3 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 997EG UT WOS:000234227200002 PM 16468121 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Guimond, NA Chitwood, DJ AF Skantar, Andrea M. Guimond, Nicole A. Chitwood, David J. TI Molecular characterisation of two novel 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes from the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; dehydrogenase; embryogenesis; hormone moulting; plant-parasitic nematode; soybean; sterol ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; RNA INTERFERENCE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ECDYSTEROIDS; PROTEINS; STEROIDS; ROOTS AB Heterodera glycines Hg-hsd-1 and Hg-hsd-2 are two homologues of let-767, a short-chain dehydrogenase gene from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Both genes share similarity to 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17 beta-HSDs), enzymes known to be involved in the production of steroid hormones in mammals. Hg-hsd-1 and Hg-hsd-2 encode distinct protein sequences that share 51% amino acid identity with each other and 48% identity with LET-767. The Hg-HSD-1 protein sequence was most similar to those encoded by ESTs from the lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, and Hg-HSD-2 protein was most similar to sequences from another cyst nematode, Globodera pallida. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed the highest expression of both genes in developing females, with relatively low levels in second-stage juveniles, eggs, or males. Transcription levels of both genes declined as females aged, decreasing with increased cuticle pigmentation. Transcription was up-regulated in the cyst bodies and fluid that had been manually separated from the developing embryos, suggesting that Hg-hsd-1 and Hg-hsd-2 are most likely involved in gonad development or oogenesis in the female. It is possible that these 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are involved in the conversion of sterols, which nematodes must ingest from dietary sources, into necessary steroid hormones. C1 ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Skantar, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM skantara@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2006 VL 8 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1163/156854106778493439 PN 3 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 100JR UT WOS:000241664900001 ER PT J AU Bilgrami, AL Gaugler, R Shapiro-Ilan, DI Adams, BJ AF Bilgrami, Anwar L. Gaugler, Randy Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Adams, Byron J. TI Source of trait deterioration in entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae during in vivo culture SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; biological control; heat tolerance; host finding; nematode; nictation; reproductive capacity; virulence ID BACTERIUM PHOTORHABDUS-LUMINESCENS; HOST; BEHAVIOR; GLASERI; CRYOPRESERVATION; PATHOGENICITY; SCARABAEIDAE; PHYTOSEIIDAE; POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA AB The stability of traits important for biological control was studied in the entornopathogenic nematode-bacteria complexes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae. Five experimental lines of each species were subcultured for 20 serial passages in Galleria mellonella larvae to assess trait stability. Subculturing impaired performance of both H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae. Virulence, heat tolerance and fecundity deteriorated in all H. bacteriophora experimental lines, and four out of five experimental lines deteriorated in host-finding ability. All S. carpocapsae experimental lines deteriorated in heat tolerance and nictation, and four out of five experimental lines declined for reproductive capacity, whereas virulence declined in two experimental lines. Determination of whether trait deterioration was due to changes in nematode, bacteria, or both symbiotic partners was tested by exchanging nematodes or bacteria from control populations with nematodes or bacteria from the most deteriorated experimental lines and assessing trait recovery. The source of deterioration varied according to trait, but only the bacterial partner played a role in trait reductions for every trait and species, whereas the nematode was the main source only for S. carpocapsae nictation. These results emphasise the important role each symbiotic partner plays in the stability and expression of beneficial traits. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Ecolutionary Ecol Labs, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Bilgrami, AL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM bilgrami1956@hotmail.com RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009 OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352 NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2006 VL 8 BP 397 EP 409 DI 10.1163/156854106778493394 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 100JR UT WOS:000241664900007 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ AF Ellis, Kenneth J. BE Thureen, PJ Hay, WW TI Methods of measuring body composition SO NEONATAL NUTRITION AND METABOLISM, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; REFERENCE VALUES; WHOLE-BODY; INFANTS; BIRTH; MASS; CHILDREN; PRETERM; WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT C1 [Ellis, Kenneth J.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ellis, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Body Composit Lab, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-82455-2 PY 2006 BP 602 EP 608 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511544712.042 D2 10.2277/ 0521824559 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BYF46 UT WOS:000298402900042 ER PT J AU Parra-Pedrazzoli, AL Cosse, A Murata, Y Bento, JMS Vilela, EF Leal, WS AF Parra-Pedrazzoli, AL Cosse, A Murata, Y Bento, JMS Vilela, EF Leal, WS TI Towards the identification and synthesis of the sex pheromone of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella stainton (Lepidoptera : gracillariidae) SO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sexual behavior; courtship behavior; Y-olfactometer ID LEAF MINER; NAVEL ORANGEWORM; CALLING BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; MOTH; AGE AB The objective of this work was to characterize the sexual behavior of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, as the foundation for the isolation, identification, and synthesis of the complete sex pheromone of this species. Mating occurred in a time window of 2h, starting 1 h before the onset of photophase. The large majority of tested insects mated in the first two days after emergence, with no significant difference between mating at day 1 and day 2. A stereotypical courtship and copulation behavior were described for this species. When mating was successful, the copulation was recorded in average for 49.6 min. In Y-olfactometer tests conducted at the time of mating activity, males were strongly attracted to caged virgin females as well as to extracts from putative pheromone glands. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agricola, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Hamura, Tokyo 19011, Japan. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Honorary Maeda Duffey Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Parra-Pedrazzoli, AL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agricola, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RI Bento, Jose Mauricio/A-9759-2008; OI Bento, Jose Mauricio/0000-0001-8655-5178; Leal, Walter/0000-0002-6800-1240 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC BRASIL PI LONDRINA, PA CAIXA POSTAL 481, 86001-970 LONDRINA,, PR, BRAZIL SN 1519-566X EI 1678-8052 J9 NEOTROP ENTOMOL JI Neotrop. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1590/S1519-566X2006000100003 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025CO UT WOS:000236243100002 PM 17352064 ER PT B AU Lugo, AE Medina, E Trejo-Torres, JC Helmer, E AF Lugo, Ariel E. Medina, Ernesto Trejo-Torres, J. Carlos Helmer, Eileen BE Pennington, RT Lewis, GP Ratter, JA TI Botanica and ecologica basis for the resilience of antillean dry forests SO Neotropical Savannas and Seasonally Dry Forests: Plant Diversity, Biogeography, and Conservation SE Systematics Association Special Volume Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Tropical Savannas and Seasonally Dry Forests CY SEP 14-20, 2003 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND ID TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; LIMESTONE FORESTS; VEGETATION-TYPES; COSTA-RICA; JAMAICA; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; FLORISTICS AB Dry forest environments limit the number of species that can survive there. Antillean dry forests have low floristic diversity and stature, high density of small and medium-sized trees, and are among the least conserved of the tropical forests. Their canopies are smooth with no emergent trees and have high species dominance. Antillean dry forests occur mostly on limestone substrate, exposing them to more water stress and nutrient limitations than other dry forests. They also experience periodic hurricanes and anthropogenic disturbances. Many of the attributes that allow plants to survive in the stressful environment of the dry forest also provide resilience to disturbance. We attribute the high resilience of Antillean dry forests to the diversity of life forms, a high resistance to wind, a high proportion of root biomass, high soil carbon and nutrient accumulation belowground, the ability of most tree species to resprout and high nutrient-use efficiency. However, opening the canopy, eroding the soil and removing root biomass decreases forest resilience and allows alien species invasion. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Calle Ceiba 1201,Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. NR 95 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-2987-6 J9 SYST ASSOC SPEC VOL PY 2006 IS 69 BP 359 EP 381 PG 23 WC Biology; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BER24 UT WOS:000239022200015 ER PT S AU Carrillo, C Tulman, ER Delhon, G Lu, Z Carreno, A Vagnozzi, A Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Carrillo, C. Tulman, E. R. Delhon, G. Lu, Z. Carreno, A. Vagnozzi, A. Kutish, G. F. Rock, D. L. BE Vannier, P Espeseth, D TI High throughput sequencing and comparative genomics of foot-and-mouth disease virus SO New Diagnostic Technology: Applications in Animal Health and Biologics Controls SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on New Diagnostic Technology CY OCT 03-05, 2005 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP French Food Safety Agcy, Inst Higher Educ Anim Prod & Food Ind, Int Assoc Biol, USDA Anim & Plants Hlth Inspect Serv, World Org Anim Hlth ID FITNESS AB Despite a basic understanding of many aspects of FMD biology, much information regarding FMDV virulence, host range, and virus transmission remains poorly understood. Here we present how the use of high throughput sequencing for complete genome sequences of foot-and mouth disease virus (FMDV) led to a series of new insights into viral genome sequence conservation and variability, genetic diversity in nature and phylogenetic classification of isolates, including the first complete sequences of the South African Territories type 1 and 3 (SAT1 and SAT3) genomes. Comparative genomic analysis of full-length sequences of FMDV isolates did allow: (i) the identification of highly conserved regulatory or coding regions which are critical for aspects of virus biology as well as novel viral genomic motifs with likely biological relevance; (ii) characterization of the first complete sequences of the SAT1 and SAT3 genomes; (iii) identification of a novel SAT virus lineage genetically distinct from other SAT and Euro-Asiatic lineages; (iv) precise identification of strains circulating around the world for epidemiological and forensic attribution; (v) assessment of mutation and recombination processes as mechanisms equally involved in evolution; (vi) mutation rates, tolerance and constraints of genes and proteins during evolution of FMD viruses during in vivo replication and (vi) support for the hypothesis of a new evolutionary model. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. RP Carrillo, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8116-5 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 126 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BFJ82 UT WOS:000242403600004 PM 17058478 ER PT S AU Thomas, LA AF Thomas, L. A. BE Vannier, P Espeseth, D TI Regulations in the United States having an impact on the movement of biological materials SO New Diagnostic Technology: Applications in Animal Health and Biologics Controls SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on New Diagnostic Technology CY OCT 03-05, 2005 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP French Food Safety Agcy, Inst Higher Educ Anim Prod & Food Ind, Int Assoc Biol, USDA Anim & Plants Hlth Inspect Serv, World Org Anim Hlth C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Thomas, LA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8116-5 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 126 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BFJ82 UT WOS:000242403600010 ER PT S AU Fadly, A Garcia, MC AF Fadly, A. Garcia, M. C. BE Vannier, P Espeseth, D TI Detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus in live virus vaccines of poultry SO New Diagnostic Technology: Applications in Animal Health and Biologics Controls SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on New Diagnostic Technology CY OCT 03-05, 2005 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP French Food Safety Agcy, Inst Higher Educ Anim Prod & Food Ind, Int Assoc Biol, USDA Anim & Plants Hlth Inspect Serv, World Org Anim Hlth ID MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINE; FOWL POXVIRUS; HERPESVIRUS; STRAINS; FIELD; HVT AB In vitro and in vivo assays have been used for the detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in live virus vaccines of poultry. The presence of REV is confirmed by the demonstration of viral antigen or provirus in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) or in specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated with vaccine. Using REV polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, CEFs inoculated with vaccines can be examined for REV by immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase staining methods. Cell lysates from such inoculated CEFs can also be used for detection of REV major group-specific antigen (p30) by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Detection of proviral DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that amplifies the 291 base pairs product of REV LTR has been shown to be a sensitive and specific method for detection of various strains of REV in infected CEFs and in the blood of SPF chickens inoculated with contaminated fowlpox virus (FPV) vaccines. Recently, using PCR tests that amplify REV envelope and REV 3' LTR sequences provided a more accurate assessment of the insertion of REV provirus in FPV than PCR assays that amplify the REV 5' LTR. This paper reviews the most common methods used for testing live virus vaccines of poultry for contamination with REV C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Fadly, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8116-5 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 126 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BFJ82 UT WOS:000242403600044 PM 17058506 ER PT J AU Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Kochian, LV AF Hart, Jonathan J. Welch, Ross M. Norvell, Wendell A. Kochian, Leon V. TI Characterization of cadmium uptake, translocation and storage in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cadmium (Cd); Triticum turgidum var. durum (durum wheat); near-isogenic lines; partitioning; phytochelatins (PCs); root uptake; storage and translocation; zinc (Zn) ID NUTRIENT SOLUTION TECHNIQUE; L CV HERTA; HEAVY-METALS; ZINC; ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; SEEDLINGS; ROOTS; GROWTH; RETRANSLOCATION AB Here we examined several physiological properties of two near-isogenic lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) that differ in grain cadmium accumulation, to identify the function of a gene locus that confers differential grain Cd concentrations. Time- and concentration-dependent uptake and translocation studies using (109)Cd were conducted on nutrient solution-grown seedlings. Root extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, gel filtration and capillary electrophoresis to determine the interaction between Cd and phytochelatins (PCs) in storage of Cd in roots. The two isolines did not differ in time- or concentration-dependent root Cd uptake, but the low grain-Cd-accumulating isoline showed decreased movement of Cd from roots to shoots. All buffer-soluble Cd extracted from roots of both isolines was in the form of a low-molecular-weight PC-containing complex. The data suggest that PC synthesis is not a limiting factor in the differential storage of Cd in roots, and that movement of Cd through the root and into the transpiration stream may be the cause of differential Cd partitioning in the two isolines. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hart, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjh16@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 40 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2006 VL 172 IS 2 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01832.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 085LU UT WOS:000240606400009 PM 16995914 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Martinez, SC Krutovsky, KV Neale, DB AF Gonzalez-Martinez, SC Krutovsky, KV Neale, DB TI Forest-tree population genomics and adaptive evolution SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE adaptation; candidate genes; linkage disequilibrium; association mapping; single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); terrestrial ecosystems ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; WOOD PROPERTY TRAITS; PINUS-PINASTER AIT.; SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; MARITIME PINE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; LOBLOLLY-PINE AB Forest trees have gained much attention in recent years as nonclassical model eukaryotes for population, evolutionary and ecological genomic studies. Because of low domestication, large open-pollinated native populations, and high levels of both genetic and phenotypic variation, they are ideal organisms to unveil the molecular basis of population adaptive divergence in nature. Population genomics, in its broad-sense definition, is an emerging discipline that combines genome-wide sampling with traditional population genetic approaches to understanding evolution. Here we briefly review traditional methods of studying adaptive genetic variation in forest trees, and describe a new, integrated population genomics approach. First, alleles (haplotypes) at candidate genes for adaptive traits and their effects on phenotypes need to be characterized via sequencing and association mapping. At this stage, functional genomics can assist in understanding gene action and regulation by providing detailed transcriptional profiles. Second, frequencies of alleles in native populations for causative single-nucleotide polymorphisms are estimated to identify patterns of adaptive variation across heterogeneous environments. Population genomics, through deciphering allelic effects on phenotypes and identifying patterns of adaptive variation at the landscape level, will in the future constitute a useful tool, if cost-effective, to design conservation strategies for forest trees. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. INIA, CIFOR, Ctr Forest Res, Dept Forest Syst & Resources, Madrid 28040, Spain. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012; Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C/H-2014-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084; Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C/0000-0002-4534-3766 NR 134 TC 114 Z9 122 U1 8 U2 65 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2006 VL 170 IS 2 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01686.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 025EN UT WOS:000236248200007 PM 16608450 ER PT J AU Morgan, PB Mies, TA Bollero, GA Nelson, RL Long, SP AF Morgan, PB Mies, TA Bollero, GA Nelson, RL Long, SP TI Season-long elevation of ozone concentration to projected 2050 levels under fully open-air conditions substantially decreases the growth and production of soybean SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE tropospheric ozone; climate change; atmospheric change; free-air gas concentration enrichment (FACE); primary production; seed yield; soybean (Glycine max) ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; FOOD-PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST TREES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXPOSURE; CO2; IMPACTS; STRESS AB Mean surface ozone concentration is predicted to increase 23% by 2050. Previous chamber studies of crops report large yield losses caused by elevation of tropospheric ozone, and have been the basis for projecting economic loss. This is the first study with a food crop (soybean, Glycine max) using free-air gas concentration enrichment (FACE) technology for ozone fumigation. A 23% increase in ozone concentration from an average daytime ambient 56 p.p.b. to a treatment 69 p.p.b. over two growing seasons decreased seed yield by 20%. Total above-ground net primary production decreased by 17% without altering dry mass allocation among shoot organs, except seed. Fewer live leaves and decreased photosynthesis in late grain filling appear to drive the ozone-induced losses in production and yield. These results validate previous chamber studies suggesting that soybean yields will decrease under increasing ozone exposure. In fact, these results suggest that when treated under open-air conditions yield losses may be even greater than the large losses already reported in earlier chamber studies. Yield losses with elevated ozone were greater in the second year following a severe hailstorm, suggesting that losses caused by ozone might be exacerbated by extreme climatic events. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Edwin R Madigan Lab 379, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Edwin R Madigan Lab 379, 1201 W Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 42 TC 114 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2006 VL 170 IS 2 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01679.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 025EN UT WOS:000236248200015 PM 16608458 ER PT J AU Ashkannejhad, S Horton, TR AF Ashkannejhad, S Horton, TR TI Ectomycorrhizal ecology under primary succession on coastal sand dunes: interactions involving Pinus contorta, suilloid fungi and deer SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE dispersal; ectomycorrhizal ecology; mycophagy; primary succession; Rhizopogon; spore bank; Suillus ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GLACIER FOREFRONT; COMMUNITIES; INOCULATION; MAMMALS; SOIL; REESTABLISHMENT; IDENTIFICATION AB Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are critical for pine establishment under primary succession. The species of EMF supporting primary successional pine seedlings on coastal sand dunes and mechanisms for their establishment were investigated. Fungi were identified from ectomycorrhizal roots using molecular techniques. Field seedlings were collected from forested and nonforested zones. Laboratory seedlings were grown in soils collected from the same zones, and in sterile soils inoculated with fresh and 1-yr-old dry deer fecal pellets. Suilloid fungi were frequently observed on all seedlings. A diverse group of fungi was available to seedlings in forested zones. A less diverse group of fungi was available to field seedlings in nonforested zones and ail laboratory bioassay seedlings. Deer fecal inoculant yielded an average of two EMF per seedling. Both Suillus and Rhizopogon species dominated seedlings inoculated with fresh deer feces, but only Rhizopogon species dominated seedlings inoculated with 1-yr-old feces. Suilloid fungi are dispersed by deer, produce resistant spore banks and are the principle fungi supporting seedlings on the sand dunes. C1 SUNY Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Plumas Natl Forest, Oroville, CA 95966 USA. RP SUNY Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM trhorton@esf.edu OI Horton, Tom/0000-0002-2112-9618 NR 46 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2006 VL 169 IS 2 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01593.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 000SO UT WOS:000234482900013 PM 16411937 ER PT S AU Tsai, J Tong, Q Hotamisligil, GS AF Tsai, Judy Tong, Qiang Hotamisligil, Goekhan S. BE Friedman, JE TI GATA proteins as molecular gatekeepers of adipogenesis SO NEW TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND THEIR ROLE IN DIABETES AND ITS THERAPY SE Advances in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-1; INHIBITS ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BROWN ADIPOCYTES; MICE LACKING; PPAR-GAMMA; MEGAKARYOCYTIC DIFFERENTIATION C1 [Tsai, Judy; Hotamisligil, Goekhan S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Genet & Complex Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tong, Qiang] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Tsai, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Genet & Complex Dis, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER NORTH HOLLAND PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-2566 BN 978-0-08-046355-1 J9 ADV MOL CELL ENDOCR PY 2006 VL 5 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S1569-2566(06)05009-5 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BCV16 UT WOS:000311560500010 ER PT J AU Schultz, CL Lodge-Ivey, SL Bush, LP Craig, AM Strickland, JR AF Schultz, C. L. Lodge-Ivey, S. L. Bush, L. P. Craig, A. M. Strickland, J. R. TI Effects of initial and extended exposure to an endophyte-infected tall fescue seed diet on faecal and urinary excretion of ergovaline and lysergic acid in mature geldings SO NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE horse; tall fescue; ergovaline; lysergic acid; endophyte; toxicosis ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; HORSES; PROLACTIN; TOXICOSIS; RESPONSES; STRESS AB Aim: To determine the amount of ergovaline and lysergic acid retained or excreted by geldings fed endophyte-infected seed containing known concentrations of these alkaloids, and the effects of exposure time on clinical expression of toxicosis. Methods: Mature geldings ( n=10) received diets containing either endophyte-free (E-) or endophyte-infected ( E+) tall fescue seed during three experimental phases. The first phase (Days - 14 to - 1) was an adaptation phase, to allow all horses to adapt to a diet containing E - tall fescue seed. The second (Days 0 to 3) was the initial exposure phase to E+ tall fescue seed, used for the delivery of ergovaline and lysergic acid at 0.5 and 0.3 mg/kg of diet, respectively, to test the initial effects of exposure on routes and amounts of elimination of alkaloid. During this phase, half the geldings were exposed to an E+ diet while the rest served as controls by remaining on the E- diet. Once assigned to treatments, geldings remained on the same diet through the third phase (Days 4 to 21), which served as the extended exposure phase. Total outputs of faeces and urine were collected within each phase, to determine retention of ergovaline and lysergic acid and nutrient digestibility. Serum was collected weekly and analysed for activities of enzymes and concentrations of prolactin. Bodyweights (BW) and rectal temperatures were recorded weekly. Results: BW, rectal temperature, enzyme activities and concentrations of prolactin in serum, and nutrient digestibility were not affected by treatment. Total intake of ergovaline by geldings on the E+ diet was 3.5 and 3.6 (SE 0.20) mg/day, and 2.1 and 2.3 (SE 0.11) mg/day were not accounted for in initial and extended phases, respectively. Lysergic acid was excreted in the urine (4.0 and 4.9 (SE 0.97) mg/day) and faeces (2.5 and 2.7 (SE 0.35) mg/day) at greater amounts than that consumed (2.0 and 1.9 (SE 0.09) mg/day) during the initial and extended exposure phases, respectively. Animals exposed to E+ seed for a period of 20 days appeared to excrete more (1.5 vs 1.2 mg/day; SE 0.08; p=0.03) ergovaline in the faeces than those exposed for only 4 days. Conclusions: Exposure time to the ergot alkaloids had a limited effect on the route of elimination or the amounts of ergovaline or lysergic acid excreted by horses. The primary alkaloid excreted was lysergic acid, and urine was the major route of elimination. These data will aid future research to improve animals' tolerance to toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue. C1 Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Strickland, JR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Anim Prod Res Unit, N220 Ag Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jstrickland@ars.usda.gov RI Craig, A. Morrie/J-5857-2013 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY ASSOC INC PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 11-212 MANNERS ST, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0048-0169 J9 NEW ZEAL VET J JI N. Z. Vet. J. PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1080/00480169.2006.36692 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 225SI UT WOS:000250537300004 PM 16915339 ER PT J AU Small, BC Chatakondi, N AF Small, BC Chatakondi, N TI Efficacy of formalin as an egg disinfectant for improving hybrid catfish (channel catfish x blue catfish) hatching success SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE TREATMENT AB Formalin is currently the only aquaculture drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the control of fungi on the eggs of all finfish. The efficacy of formalin for disinfecting hybrid catfish (channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus X blue catfish I. furcatus) eggs was examined and compared with that of three other potential chemotherapeutants. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate treatment dose and frequency on the hatching success of the hybrid catfish. In the first experiment, hybrid catfish egg masses were divided and assigned to I of 13 treatments administered as daily 15-min baths. The treatments were as follows: (1) control (no treatment), (2) 50 ppm (mg/L) formalin (F), (3) 100 ppm F, (4) 200 ppm F, (5) 125 ppm hydrogen peroxide (HP), (6) 250 ppm HP, (7) 500 ppm HP, (8) 50 ppm povidone iodine (PI), (9) 100 ppm PI, (10) 200 ppm PI, (11) 2.5 ppm copper sulfate (CS), (12) 5 ppm CS, and (13) 10 ppm CS. Hatching Success tended to be highest among eggs treated with 100 ppm F (87.7%), 2.5 ppm CS (87.0%), or 100 ppm PI (85.2%), although these success rates were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from that in the control treatment (82.8%). Treatment with 500 ppm HP resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in hatching Success (31.5%). In the second experiment, the optimal frequency of formalin treatments was assessed by treating hybrid catfish eggs zero, two, three, or four times daily. Eggs treated three times daily with 100 ppm F had the highest (P < 0.05) percentage of hatched eggs. To maximize hatching sitecess, three daily treatments of hybrid catfish eggs with 100 ppm F as a 15-min bath is recommended. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Harvest Select Farms, Inverness, MS 38753 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1577/A05-024.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 016BU UT WOS:000235596400002 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Pasnik, DJ Brill, GC Klesius, PH AF Evans, JJ Pasnik, DJ Brill, GC Klesius, PH TI Un-ionized ammonia exposure in Nile tilapia: Toxicity, stress response, and susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DIFFERENT CHALLENGE METHODS; RAINBOW-TROUT; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; STRIPED BASS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; METABOLIC RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB A series of experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity, behavior, blood glucose stress response, and disease susceptibility in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following un-ionized ammonia (UIA) exposure. The acute toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to Nile tilapia was measured in a 96-h static test. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 1.46 mg/L UIA at 24 and 48 It postexposure, 1.33 mg/L at 72 h postexposure, and 0.98 mg/L at 96 It postexposure. No mortalities were noted in unexposed (0 mg/L) control fish or fish exposed to 0.5 mg/L UIA. However, 93-100% mortalities were observed within 24 It among fish exposed to 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 mg/L UIA. In additional UIA exposure experiments, Nile tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.32-0.37 mg/L UIA) for 24 h and then administered an intraperitoneal injection with 750 colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus agalactiae per fish. Mortalities of UIA-exposed and control fish were not significantly different 21 d postchallenge. Blood glucose levels were not significantly different between exposed and control fish 24 h after the beginning of UIA exposure or between preexposure fish and 24-h postexposure fish. Glucose levels in both groups increased significantly after UIA exposure and subsequent bacterial challenge, suggesting that Nile tilapia experienced handling or infection stress and not necessarily UIA exposure stress alone. During a time course study with 24-h UIA exposure, sequential blood glucose samples indicated acute stress responses 1-4 h postexposure that decreased by 24 h postexposure. The results of this study indicate that exposure to increased UIA concentrations alone had acute, transient effects on stress responses in Nile tilapia and that 24-h exposure to sublethal UIA concentrations up to 0.37 mg/L did not increase susceptibility to S. agalactiae. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. Washington Coll, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 118 B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM jevans@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1577/A05-032.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 016BU UT WOS:000235596400004 ER PT J AU Mischke, CC Wise, DJ Steeby, JA Zimba, PV AF Mischke, CC Wise, DJ Steeby, JA Zimba, PV TI Effects of smallmouth buffalo and potassium permanganate treatment on plankton and pond water quality SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB There is recent interest in using smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus and treatment with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to control Dero digitata, the aquatic oligochaete host involved in the life cycle of proliferative gill disease. To complement those investigations, we determined the changes in water quality, phytoplankton, and zooplankton resulting from KMnO4 treatment and stocking of smallmouth buffalo into nursery ponds for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus; we did not evaluate the attendant control effectiveness on Dero spp. Stocking buffalo at a rate of 75/ha in nursery ponds did not cause changes in water quality, nutrients, or zooplankton concentrations. Ponds treated with KMnO4 (applied at 57 g/ha when partially filled to about 30 cm deep) contained higher total dissolved solids (230 mg/L) than untreated ponds (204 mg/L). Phytoplankton and zooplankton concentrations in the KMnO4 ponds increased 2-5 weeks after application compared with the control ponds. The observed changes in KMnO4 ponds may be related to nutrient regeneration through oxidation by KMnO4 or may indicate that potassium is a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in these ponds. The increase in green algae, diatoms, and copepods would be beneficial to catfish fry culture because these algae blooms are desirable over cyanobacteria blooms and copepods are a preferred food resource of catfish fry. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mischke, CC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Box 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cmischke@drec.msstate.edu RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1577/A05-004.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 016BU UT WOS:000235596400006 ER PT J AU Pearson, PR Duke, SE Green, BW Minchew, CD Beecham, RV Kim, JM AF Pearson, PR Duke, SE Green, BW Minchew, CD Beecham, RV Kim, JM TI Evaluation of a diffused oxygen aeration system under on-farm harvest conditions SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB The aeration effectiveness of a diffused oxygen system was compared with that of a tractor-powered paddlewheel during eight harvests of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus at Top Cat II Fishery in Chicot County, Arkansas. Dissolved oxygen and water temperature data were collected from a grading net aerated by the diffused oxygen system, from a grading net aerated by a paddlewheel, and from the open culture pond between the two grading nets and were not significantly different. However, comparison of estimated oxygen consumption by the biomass confined in each grading net indicated that the aeration effectiveness of the diffused oxygen system equaled or exceeded that of a paddlewheel during six field trials. An informal cost comparison indicated that a diffused oxygen system can be placed in service for a smaller capital investment than a tractor-powered paddlewheel and that the hourly operating expense of the diffused oxygen system is comparable to that of the paddlewheel. Results of the study indicate that the diffused oxygen system is a viable alternative to the tractor-powered paddlewheel for aeration of channel catfish held in grading nets. C1 USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Area Off, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi Valley State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Itta Bena, MS 38941 USA. RP Pearson, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, 1200 N Univ Dr,Mail Stop 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM ppearson@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1577/A05-031.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 016BU UT WOS:000235596400008 ER PT J AU Li, MHH Robinson, EH Mischke, CC Torrans, EL Bosworth, BG AF Li, MHH Robinson, EH Mischke, CC Torrans, EL Bosworth, BG TI Effects of organic fertilization and organic diets on production of channel catfish in earthen ponds SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; ZOOPLANKTON; PROTEIN; STORAGE; GROWTH; FRY AB We evaluated the effects of organic fertilization and "organic" diets on the production of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. During fingerling production, four 0.4-ha earthen ponds were fertilized with a combination of inorganic fertilizers and regular cottonseed meal (control ponds) and four were fertilized with organically produced cottonseed meat only (organic ponds). Swim-up fry were stocked into each pond at a rate of 247,000 fish/ha and fed a control or organic diet daily to apparent satiation for one growing season. During food fish production, overwintered control and organic fingerlings (mean initial weights = 50.8 and 44.8 g/fish, respectively) from fingerling production were each stocked into five 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 14,800 fish/ha and fed a control or organic diet daily to apparent satiation for one growing season. Fish were raised with a predetermined organic program that was largely based on U.S. livestock organic standards, since there were no organic aquaculture standards available in the USA. During fingerling production, ponds fertilized with a combination of inorganic fertilizers and cottonseed meal had higher total N and P and higher abundances of preferred zooplankton taxa than did ponds fertilized with organically produced and processed cottonseed meat alone. Gross production of fingerlings in organic ponds was lower than that in the control ponds. During food fish production, there were no differences in production characteristics and carcass yield between conventionally and organically grown fish. However. organic fish had lower fillet yield and higher body fat than did control fish. The slightly higher body fat observed in organic fish mainly resulted from the slightly higher fat content in the organic diet. The results front this study indicate that channel catfish can be grown front swim-up fry to food size organically, but gross production during the first season may be lower in organic ponds than in nonorganic ponds, in part because preferred zooplankton taxa are produced in lower abundances in the ponds fertilized with organic cottonseed meal. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MHH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1577/A05-043.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 016BU UT WOS:000235596400009 ER PT J AU Rawles, SD Gaylord, TG Gatlin, DM AF Rawles, SD Gaylord, TG Gatlin, DM TI Digestibility of gross nutrients by sunshine bass in animal by products and commercially blended products used as fish meal replacements SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID X MORONE-SAXATILIS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; FEED INGREDIENTS; PRACTICAL DIETS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; CHRYSOPS; COEFFICIENTS AB To more accurately formulate feeds for hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops X striped bass M. saxatilis), data on the availability of nutrients from feedstuffs are needed to complement information on nutritional requirements. An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein, lipid, energy, and organic matter for an assortment of commercially available feedstuffs and blended products used as fish meal replacements. The feedstuffs tested were ring-dried blood meal, poultry by-product meal, fish solubles, and four commercially blended fish meal substitutes (PRO-PAK, PRO-PAK 65, Pro-Con 65RDB, and 60FMC). Organic matter ADCs for these products ranged from 47% for 60FMC to 130% for fish solubles, while energy ADCs paralleled these values and ranged from 48% (60FMC) to 114% (fish solubles). Lipid ADCs ranged from 49% for PRO-PAK 65 to 79% for poultry by-product meal, and protein ADCs ranged from 47% for 60FMC to 70% for fish solubles. These values provide needed information to feed manufacturers and will allow for more accurate substitutions for these feedstuffs in aquafeeds. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM srawles@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1577/A04-075.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 016BU UT WOS:000235596400011 ER PT J AU Small, BC AF Small, BC TI Improvements in channel catfish growth after two generations of selection and comparison of performance traits among channel catfish, blue catfish, and hybrid catfish fingerlings in an aquarium rack system SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID DYNAMICS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; FED DIETS; STRAINS; PROTEIN; CORTISOL; STRESS; YIELD; FISH AB A 9-week growth study was conducted to compare the fingerling performance of two genetic groups of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] 103 and USDA303) with that of blue catfish I. furcatus and their hybrid in an aquarium rack system. Fish of approximately 20 g were randomly selected from multifamily populations and acclimated to the aquarium rack system for 2 weeks prior to the start of the 9-week study. Differences in growth indices, feed and protein efficiency, nitrogen retention, whole-body proximate composition, and plasma cortisol levels were determined at the completion of the study. The USDA303 channel catfish gained significantly more weight and consumed more feed than each of the other genetic groups. Feed and protein efficiency were similar among USDA103, USDA303, and hybrid catfish but were lower for blue catfish. Nitrogen retention was highest for hybrid catfish and lowest for blue catfish. No differences in final body composition were observed between genetic groups when final weight was used as a covariate. Plasma cortisol levels after 9 weeks ranged from 9.7 ng/mL in blue catfish to 24.5 ng/mL in USDA103 channel catfish but were not significantly different among genetic groups. This study demonstrates improved growth of the USDA303 channel catfish after two generations of selection for increased body weight and reports significant differences in performance among channel catfish, blue catfish, and hybrid catfish in an aquarium rack system. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1577/A05-042.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 016BU UT WOS:000235596400014 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR Silva, JL Chamul, RS AF Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR Silva, JL Chamul, RS TI Slush-ice storage of catfish carcasses SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BROILER BREAST MEAT; TENDERNESS; HOT; TEMPERATURE; COLOR; RIGOR; PH AB This study evaluated the effects of 24-h slush-ice storage of carcasses of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus on subsequent fillet yield, shape, and color. Channel catfish were sorted into three size-classes based on carcass (unskinned, with head and viscera removed) weight: small (250-425 g). medium (426-550 g), and large (551-1,000 g). In each of three replicate trials, 40 carcasses from each size-class were processed immediately after being killed (immediately processed treatment) and 40 carcasses front each size-class were held in ice water slush for 24 It and then processed (slush-ice treatment). Slush-ice-treated fish had higher unskinned fillet yield (+1.7%), skinned fillet yield (+1.2%), shank fillet yield (+0.6%), and nugget yield (+0.7%) than immediately processed fish. Measures of fillet yield increased in both treatments as carcass size increased. Immediately processed fillets were shorter (maximum distance anterior to posterior margin) and deeper (maximum distance from dorsal to ventral margin), and had less surface area than slush-ice fillets 24 h after slaughter. Sensory panelists perceived fillets from the slush-ice treatment to be larger than immediately processed fillets in 74% of comparisons of fillet pairs of equal weight. No fillet color differences were detected between treatments. Commercial catfish processors could increase fillet yield by storing carcasses in slush ice before filleting. However, costs associated with chilling and holding carcasses and quality issues, such as fillet drip-loss, texture, and shelf life, need to be addressed to determine whether slush-ice storage of carcasses will be beneficial to commercial catfish processors. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquacultrue Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquacultrue Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bbosworth@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1577/A04-054.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 016BU UT WOS:000235596400015 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Owen, SF Edwards, JW Rodrigue, JL AF Ford, WM Owen, SF Edwards, JW Rodrigue, JL TI Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust) as day-roosts of male Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Bats) on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MIXED MESOPHYTIC FOREST; BIG BROWN BATS; APPALACHIAN FOREST; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SODALIS; MOUNTAINS; SELECTION AB During the summer of 2003, we captured and radiotagged ten male Myotis septentrionalis (northern bats) on the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia to investigate day-roost selection. Of 16 roosts that were located, 13 were in Robinia pseudoacacia (black locusts), five in snags and eight in live trees. The other three roosts occurred in a Sassafras albidum (sassafras) snag and two live Acer saccharum (sugar maples). All live trees used as roosts were medium to large, canopy-dominant trees with considerable amounts of exfoliating bark and numerous broken limbs and cavities. Snags used as roosts were smaller than trees and other snags in surrounding stands, whereas live trees used as roosts were larger than other trees and snags in surrounding stands. Similar to previous research on female northern bats in the Allegheny Mountains, we observed a strong preference for both live and snag black locust as roosts over other available species. The high abundance of black locust as an important component on the FEF has been a relatively recent development dating to the early 1900s. Use of live canopy-dominant black locust with characteristics of mature forest trees lends support that older forests with decadent conditions provide important day-roost habitat, whereas use of both canopy dominant live trees and long-lasting black locust snags may support the ecological concept of roosting "areas" for northern bats. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[15:RPBLAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037UK UT WOS:000237172600002 ER PT J AU Shabalina, SA Ogurtsov, AY Spiridonov, NA AF Shabalina, SA Ogurtsov, AY Spiridonov, NA TI A periodic pattern of mRNA secondary structure created by the genetic code SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FOLDING FREE-ENERGIES; SYNONYMOUS MUTATIONS; SELECTION INTENSITY; SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; TRANSLATION RATE; CODING REGIONS; SILENT SITES; USAGE; EXPRESSION; GENOME AB Single-stranded mRNA molecules form secondary structures through complementary self-interactions. Several hypotheses have been proposed on the relationship between the nucleotide sequence, encoded amino acid sequence and mRNA secondary structure. We performed the first transcriptome-wide in silico analysis of the human and mouse mRNA foldings and found a pronounced periodic pattern of nucleotide involvement in mRNA secondary structure. We show that this pattern is created by the structure of the genetic code, and the dinucleotide relative abundances are important for the maintenance of mRNA secondary structure. Although synonymous codon usage contributes to this pattern, it is intrinsic to the structure of the genetic code and manifests itself even in the absence of synonymous codon usage bias at the 4-fold degenerate sites. While all codon sites are important for the maintenance of mRNA secondary structure, degeneracy of the code allows regulation of stability and periodicity of mRNA secondary structure. We demonstrate that the third degenerate codon sites contribute most strongly to mRNA stability. These results convincingly support the hypothesis that redundancies in the genetic code allow transcripts to satisfy requirements for both protein structure and RNA structure. Our data show that selection may be operating on synonymous codons to maintain a more stable and ordered mRNA secondary structure, which is likely to be important for transcript stability and translation. We also demonstrate that functional domains of the mRNA [5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR), CDS and 3'-UTR] preferentially fold onto themselves, while the start codon and stop codon regions are characterized by relaxed secondary structures, which may facilitate initiation and termination of translation. C1 Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. USDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Therapeut Prot, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Shabalina, SA (reprint author), Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM shabalin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov RI Shabalina, Svetlana/N-8939-2013; Spiridonov, Nikolay/B-6287-2014 OI Shabalina, Svetlana/0000-0003-2272-7473; FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 55 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 8 BP 2428 EP 2437 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl287 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 044UD UT WOS:000237697000036 PM 16682450 ER PT J AU Janga, SC Lamboy, WF Huerta, AM Moreno-Hagelsieb, G AF Janga, Sarath Chandra Lamboy, Warren F. Huerta, Araceli M. Moreno-Hagelsieb, Gabriel TI The distinctive signatures of promoter regions and operon junctions across prokaryotes SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; MICROBIAL GENOMES; DNA CURVATURE; SWISS-PROT; TRANSCRIPTION; PREDICTION; CONSERVATION; SEQUENCE; DATABASE; GENES AB Here we show that regions upstream of first transcribed genes have oligonucleotide signatures that distinguish them from regions upstream of genes in the middle of operons. Databases of experimentally confirmed transcription units do not exist for most genomes. Thus, to expand the analyses into genomes with no experimentally confirmed data, we used genes conserved adjacent in evolutionarily distant genomes as representatives of genes inside operons. Likewise, we used divergently transcribed genes as representative examples of first transcribed genes. In model organisms, the trinucleotide signatures of regions upstream of these representative genes allow for operon predictions with accuracies close to those obtained with known operon data (0.8). Signature-based operon predictions have more similar phylogenetic profiles and higher proportions of genes in the same pathways than predicted transcription unit boundaries (TUBs). These results confirm that we are separating genes with related functions, as expected for operons, from genes not necessarily related, as expected for genes in different transcription units. We also test the quality of the predictions using microarray data in six genomes and show that the signature-predicted operons tend to have high correlations of expression. Oligonucleotide signatures should expand the number of tools available to identify operons even in poorly characterized genomes. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CCG, Program Computat Genom, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Janga, SC (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CCG, Program Computat Genom, Apdo Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. EM sarath@ccg.unam.mx; gmoreno@wlu.ca OI Janga, Sarath Chandra/0000-0001-7351-6268 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 14 BP 3980 EP 3987 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl563 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 085DP UT WOS:000240583800019 PM 16914446 ER PT J AU Fei, ZJ Tang, XM Alba, R Giovannoni, J AF Fei, Zhangjun Tang, Xuemei Alba, Rob Giovannoni, James TI Tomato Expression Database (TED): a suite of data presentation and analysis tools SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY DATA; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; GENOMICS; ESTS; SOL AB The Tomato Expression Database (TED) includes three integrated components. The Tomato Microarray Data Warehouse serves as a central repository for raw gene expression data derived from the public tomato cDNA microarray. In addition to expression data, TED stores experimental design and array information in compliance with the MIAME guidelines and provides web interfaces for researchers to retrieve data for their own analysis and use. The Tomato Microarray Expression Database contains normalized and processed microarray data for ten time points with nine pair-wise comparisons during fruit development and ripening in a normal tomato variety and nearly isogenic single gene mutants impacting fruit development and ripening. Finally, the Tomato Digital Expression Database contains raw and normalized digital expression ( EST abundance) data derived from analysis of the complete public tomato EST collection containing. 150 000 ESTs derived from 27 different non-normalized EST libraries. This last component also includes tools for the comparison of tomato and Arabidopsis digital expression data. A set of query interfaces and analysis, and visualization tools have been developed and incorporated into TED, which aid users in identifying and deciphering biologically important information from our datasets. TED can be accessed at http://ted.bti.cornell.edu. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fei, ZJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM zfei@vt.edu; jjg33@cornell.edu NR 18 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 34 SI SI BP D766 EP D770 DI 10.1093/nar/gkj110 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 067MR UT WOS:000239307700160 PM 16381976 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, P Ni, JJ Yap, I Ware, D Spooner, W Youens-Clark, K Ren, LY Liang, CZ Zhao, W Ratnapu, K Faga, B Canaran, P Fogleman, M Hebbard, C Avraham, S Schmidt, S Casstevens, TM Buckler, ES Stein, L McCouch, S AF Jaiswal, Pankaj Ni, Junjian Yap, Immanuel Ware, Doreen Spooner, William Youens-Clark, Ken Ren, Liya Liang, Chengzhi Zhao, Wei Ratnapu, Kiran Faga, Benjamin Canaran, Payan Fogleman, Molly Hebbard, Claire Avraham, Shuly Schmidt, Steven Casstevens, Terry M. Buckler, Edward S. Stein, Lincoln McCouch, Susan TI Gramene: a bird's eye view of cereal genomes SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS GENOME; RICE GENOME; SEQUENCE; DATABASE; ONTOLOGIES; TOOL; MAP AB Rice, maize, sorghum, wheat, barley and the other major crop grasses from the family Poaceae (Gramineae) are mankind's most important source of calories and contribute tens of billions of dollars annually to the world economy (FAO 1999,http://www.fao.org; USDA 1997, http://www.usda.gov). Continued improvement of Poaceae crops is necessary in order to continue to feed an ever-growing world population. However, of the major crop grasses, only rice (Oryza sativa), with a compact genome of similar to 400 Mbp, has been sequenced and annotated. The Gramene database (http://www.gramene.org) takes advantage of the known genetic colinearity (synteny) between rice and the major crop plant genomes to provide maize, sorghum, millet, wheat, oat and barley researchers with the benefits of an annotated genome years before their own species are sequenced. Gramene is a one stop portal for finding curated literature, genetic and genomic datasets related to maps, markers, genes, genomes and quantitative trait loci. The addition of several new tools to Gramene has greatly facilitated the potential for comparative analysis among the grasses and contributes to our understanding of the anatomy, development, environmental responses and the factors influencing agronomic performance of cereal crops. Since the last publication on Gramene database by D. H. Ware, P. Jaiswal, J. Ni, I. V. Yap, X. Pan, K. Y. Clark, L. Teytelman, S. C. Schmidt, W. Zhao, K. Changet al. [(2002), Plant Physiol., 130, 1606-1613], the database has undergone extensive changes that are described in this publication. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, NAA Plant Soil & Nutr Lab Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP McCouch, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM SRM4@cornell.edu RI Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; OI Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 24 TC 108 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 34 SI SI BP D717 EP D723 DI 10.1093/nar/gkj154 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 067MR UT WOS:000239307700151 PM 16381966 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Canaran, P Jurkuta, R Fulton, T Glaubitz, J Buckler, E Doebley, J Gaut, B Goodman, M Holland, J Kresovich, S McMullen, M Stein, L Ware, D AF Zhao, Wei Canaran, Payan Jurkuta, Rebecca Fulton, Theresa Glaubitz, Jeffrey Buckler, Edward Doebley, John Gaut, Brandon Goodman, Major Holland, Jim Kresovich, Stephen McMullen, Michael Stein, Lincoln Ware, Doreen TI Panzea: a database and resource for molecular and functional diversity in the maize genome SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOMESTICATION; EVOLUTION; GRAMENE AB Serving as a community resource, Panzea (http://www.panzea.org) is the bioinformatics arm of the Molecular and Functional Diversity in the Maize Genome project. Maize, a classical model for genetic studies, is an important crop species and also the most diverse crop species known. On average, two randomly chosen maize lines have one single-nucleotide polymorphism every similar to 100 bp; this divergence is roughly equivalent to the differences between humans and chimpanzees. This exceptional genotypic diversity underlies the phenotypic diversity maize needs to be cultivated in a wide range of environments. The Molecular and Functional Diversity in the Maize Genome project aims to understand how selection has shaped molecular diversity in maize and then relate molecular diversity to functional phenotypic variation. The project will screen 4000 loci for the signature of selection and create a wide range of maize and maize-teosinte mapping populations. These populations will be genotyped and phenotyped, permitting high-power and high-resolution dissection of the traits and relating the molecular diversity to functional variation. Panzea provides access to the genotype, phenotype and polymorphism data produced by the project through user-friendly web-based database searches and data retrieval/visualization tools, as well as a wide variety of information and services related to maize diversity. C1 Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, NAA Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Crop Sci Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ware, D (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM ware@cshl.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 24 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 34 SI SI BP D752 EP D757 DI 10.1093/nar/gkj011 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 067MR UT WOS:000239307700158 PM 16381974 ER PT J AU Wood, CE Clarkson, TB Appt, SE Franke, AA Boue, SM Burow, ME McCoy, T Cline, JM AF Wood, Charles E. Clarkson, Thomas B. Appt, Susan E. Franke, Adrian A. Boue, Stephen M. Burow, Matthew E. McCoy, Thomas Cline, J. Mark TI Effects of soybean glyceollins and estradiol in postmenopausal female monkeys SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED EQUINE ESTROGENS; SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE; BREAST-CANCER; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; WOMEN; ISOFLAVONES; RECEPTOR; RISK; PREMENOPAUSAL; TRANSCRIPTION AB Glyceollins are a novel class of soybean phytoalexins with potential cancer-protective antiestrogenic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the estrogen-antagonist effects of glyceollin-enriched soy protein on biomarkers for breast cancer risk. Thirty female postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques were randomized to one of three dietary treatments for 3 wk: 1) estradiol (E2, 1 mg/day) + casein/lactalbumin (control); 2) E2 + soy protein isolate (SPI) containing 194 mg/day isoflavonoids; and 3) E2 + glyceollin-enriched soy protein (GLY) containing 189 mg/day isoflavonoids + 134 mg/day glyceollins. Doses are expressed in calorically scaled human equivalents. Mean serum glyceollin concentrations at 4 h postfeeding were 134.2 +/- 34.6 nmol/L in the GLY group and negligible in the SPI group (P = 0.0007). Breast proliferation was significantly increased in the control group (+237%, P = 0.01) but not in the SPI group (+198%, P = 0.08) or GLY group (+36%, P = 0.18). Gene expression of trefoil factor I and progesterone receptor, two markers of estrogen receptor activity in breast epithelium, were also significantly higher in the control (P < 0.05 for both) but not in the GLY group. These preliminary findings suggest that soybean glyceollins are natural compounds with potential estrogen-modulating properties in the breast. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Comparat Med Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Wood, CE (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Comparat Med Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM chwood@wfubmc.edu RI Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 FU NCCIH NIH HHS [R01 AT 00639]; NCRR NIH HHS [T32 RR 07009]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL 45666] NR 36 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1207/s15327914nc5601_10 PG 8 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 126BN UT WOS:000243487300010 PM 17176220 ER PT J AU Keck, AS Finley, JW AF Keck, AS Finley, JW TI Database values do not reflect selenium contents of grain, cereals, and other foods grown or purchased in the upper Midwest of the United States SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE selenium; grains; cereals; foods; nutrient database; variation ID SUPPLEMENTATION; RISK AB In an effort to establish reliable selenium (Se) values for foods, we have previously reported the variability of Se concentrations in foods commonly available in the upper Midwest. The present report extends this investigation to other foods as well as agricultural commodities, and has compared analyzed values to values predicted by the US Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference 16. Total variation in Se content was 72-fold (11-774 mu g Se per 100 g) for wheat flakes, 57-fold (14-803 pg Se per 100 g) for wheat, and 11-fold (19-217 mu g Se per 100 g) for beef The variability between analyzed values and values found in the US Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference 16 were sufficiently large to make database values of little use for diet planning or assessment. These results emphasize that Se concentrations in foods vary, and professionals should be aware of this complication when designing diets with predicted amounts of Se. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM finleyj2@amtodd.com NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.11.009 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 024WY UT WOS:000236228300004 ER PT J AU Scholl, PJ AF Scholl, P. J. BE Colwell, DD Hall, MJR Scholl, PJ TI Management and Control of Oestrid Flies SO OESTRID FLIES: BIOLOGY, HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS, IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 UNL EC, ARS, USDA, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Scholl, PJ (reprint author), UNL EC, ARS, USDA, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, 305 Pl Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. EM pscholl@unlserve.unl.edu; pscholl@unlserve.unl.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-684-4 PY 2006 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1079/9780851996844.0210 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BWA54 UT WOS:000293271800014 ER PT S AU Senne, DA Suarez, DL Stallnecht, DE Pedersen, JC Panigrahy, B AF Senne, DA Suarez, DL Stallnecht, DE Pedersen, JC Panigrahy, B BE Schudel, A Lombard, M TI Ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza in North and South America SO OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza CY APR 07-08, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP OIE, FAO DE avian influenza; ecology; epidemiology; highly pathogenic avian influenza; low pathogenicity avian influenza; poultry; surveillance; live-bird markets; wild aquatic birds; ducks; swine influenza; avian influenza infections in humans ID LIVE-BIRD MARKETS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UNITED-STATES; VIRUSES; OUTBREAK; DUCKS; H7N3; VIRULENCE; WATERFOWL; CHICKENS AB Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are known to be the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses. Surveillance studies in waterfowl and shorebirds in North America show that influenza A viruses are repeatedly recovered from these birds. However, the virus recovery is influenced by geography, season, age and species of birds. in addition to the natural reservoir, the live-bird marketing system (LBMS) in certain regions of the United States has been recognized as a man-made reservoir of influenza viruses and has been linked to several outbreaks of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) in poultry. Outbreaks of LPAI in commercial poultry is attributed to movement of infected birds, dirty or improperly cleaned crates, and contaminated vehicles from the LBMS to poultry farms. However, in the majority of outbreaks in poultry, the source of infection is suspected to be wild aquatic birds or the source is unknown. Since 2002, three outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have occurred in the Americas; one each in Chile (H7N3), United States (H5N2), and Canada (H7N3). In each of these outbreaks, a precursor virus of low pathogenicity mutated to become highly pathogenic after circulating in poultry. The HPAI viruses recovered from the three outbreaks had unique molecular and phenotypic characteristics that do not conform to other known HPAI viruses. These findings emphasize the need for monitoring wild and domestic bird species for presence of influenza A viruses. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. RP Senne, DA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8031-2 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 124 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BDW57 UT WOS:000235843700006 PM 16447492 ER PT S AU Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, M AF Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, M BE Schudel, A Lombard, M TI Pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses in poultry SO OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza CY APR 07-08, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP OIE, FAO ID HONG-KONG; H5N1; DUCKS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHICKENS; HUMANS; CHINA AB Historically, the pathogenicity of avian influenza (Al) viruses has been based on lethality for the major domesticated poultry species, the chicken. All Al viruses are categorised as either low (LP) and high pathogenicity (HP), but, within each category, pathobiological changes vary with host species and virus strain. Typically, Al viruses that are HP produce a similar severe, systemic disease with high mortality in chickens and a similar pathobiology in other galliforme birds, but usually either produce no infection or mild disease in ducks. The newer H5 and the H7 HPAI viruses have shifted to increased virulence for chickens as evidenced by shorter mean death times (MDT). Furthermore, the Asia H5N1 HPAl viruses have changed from producing inconsistent respiratory infections in ducks to some strains being HP (Hong Kong 2002 viruses) with virus in internal organs and brain, and excretion of large virus quantities from respiratory, and to a lesser extent, intestinal tracts. However, the quantities of virus shed per bird are still 1 % of that produced in chickens. With 2003-2004 Asian H5N1 Al viruses, the isolates have been highly lethal for young ducks but this virulence is age dependent. Across all bird species, the ability to produce severe disease and death is associated with high virus replication titres in the host, especially in specific tissues such as brain and heart. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 16 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8031-2 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 124 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BDW57 UT WOS:000235843700009 PM 16447495 ER PT S AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, DE BE Schudel, A Lombard, M TI Occupational and consumer risks from avian influenza viruses SO OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza CY APR 07-08, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP OIE, FAO ID A H5N1; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; HONG-KONG; POULTRY; PATHOGENICITY; TRANSMISSION; MEAT AB Sporadic human infections have been reported with a few select avian influenza (AI) viruses over the past 50 years. Most of the infections resulted from the H7N7 high pathogenicity Al (HPAI) virus from The Netherlands (2003) and H5N1 HPAI viruses from several Asian countries (1997-2005). Epidemiological studies have identified direct exposure to infected poultry as the primary risk factor for human infection. In The Netherlands, veterinarians, cullers and poultry farmers had an occupational risk of infection through exposure to infected commercial poultry; and presented with conjunctivitis and/or influenza-like illnesses. In Asia, most of the clinical infections involved direct exposure to poultry in the smallholder sector or live poultry markets, and not commercial poultry. However, serological data from Hong Kong during 1997 indicated H5N1 infections without clinical disease were associated with occupational exposure. No cases of human Al infection have been linked to consumption of infected or contaminated poultry products. However, HPAI virus can be present in blood, bone and meat of infected poultry, which, if consumed raw, are a potential source of virus for human infections. Cooking and pasteurisation are effective methods of killing Al viruses. Proper vaccination of poultry has been shown to prevent HPAI virus from localising in the meat. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8031-2 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 124 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BDW57 UT WOS:000235843700013 PM 16447498 ER PT S AU Zepeda, C AF Zepeda, C BE Schudel, A Lombard, M TI Surveillance and compartmentalisation as a tool to control avian influenza SO OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza CY APR 07-08, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP OIE, FAO AB Surveillance for avian influenza can have several objectives. Generally, these are to detect the presence of infection or to declare disease freedom. Claims for disease freedom can refer to an entire country, a zone within a country; or a compartment. Disease freedom cannot be demonstrated absolutely; however, through a multi-pronged approach employing different surveillance strategies, sufficient confidence in the absence of infection can be achieved. The recently developed OIE guidelines for surveillance for avian influenza offer different approaches to meet these goals. The guidelines are not intended to be prescriptive but rather offer options that countries may apply depending on their epidemiological situation. Compartmentalisation is a new concept that allows the recognition of populations of different health status based on management as opposed to geographic factors (regionalisation). A proposed approach for the application of this novel concept is presented. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Anim Populat Hlth In, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Zepeda, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Anim Populat Hlth In, 2150 Ctr Av,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8031-2 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 124 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BDW57 UT WOS:000235843700024 PM 16447508 ER PT J AU White, EP Adler, PB Lauenroth, WK Gill, RA Greenberg, D Kaufman, DM Rassweiler, A Rusak, JA Smith, MD Steinbeck, JR Waide, RB Yao, J AF White, EP Adler, PB Lauenroth, WK Gill, RA Greenberg, D Kaufman, DM Rassweiler, A Rusak, JA Smith, MD Steinbeck, JR Waide, RB Yao, J TI A comparison of the species-time relationship across ecosystems and taxonomic groups SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID AREA RELATIONSHIP; SPATIAL AGGREGATION; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; NEUTRAL MODELS; NORTH-AMERICA; LONG-TERM; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; RICHNESS; SCALE AB The species-time relationship (STR) describes how the species richness of a community increases with the time span over which the community is observed. This pattern has numerous implications for both theory and conservation in much the same way as the species-area relationship (SAR). However, the STR has received much less attention and to date only a handful of papers have been published on the pattern. Here we gather together 984 community time-series, representing 15 study areas and nine taxonomic groups, and evaluate their STRs in order to assess the generality of the STR, its consistency across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, its functional form, and its relationship to local species richness. In general, STRs were surprisingly similar across major taxonomic groups and ecosystem types. STRs tended to be well fit by both power and logarithmic functions, and power function exponents typically ranged between 0.2 and 0.4. Communities with high richness tended to have lower STR exponents, suggesting that factors increasing richness may simultaneously decrease turnover in ecological systems. Our results suggest that the STR is as fundamental an ecological pattern as the SAR, and raise questions about the general processes underlying this pattern. They also highlight the dynamic nature of most species assemblages, and the need to incorporate time scale in both basic and applied research on species richness patterns. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Washington State Univ, Program Environm Sci & Reg Planning, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 54512 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Tenera Environm, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP White, EP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM epwhite@biology.usu.edu RI White, Ethan/A-2936-2008; Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; OI White, Ethan/0000-0001-6728-7745 NR 75 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 60 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JAN PY 2006 VL 112 IS 1 BP 185 EP 195 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 003HG UT WOS:000234671800020 ER PT S AU Delwiche, SR AF Delwiche, Stephen R. BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Improvements in optical sorting of mold-damaged wheat - art. no. 63810A SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE Fusarium Head Blight; deoxynivalenol; DON; high-speed sorting ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; MACHINE VISION; KERNELS; SCAB; DEOXYNIVALENOL; SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION; VOMITOXIN AB The current study describes the use of three forms of optical measurement of single wheat kernels for screening of Fusarium head blight for eventual incorporation in high-speed optical sorters. Our previous research has demonstrated a sorting efficiency of approximately 50 percent with existing high-speed equipment, but a much higher efficiency (similar to 95%) when analytical spectrometers are used. The intention of the current work is to bridge this efficiency gap. Knowledge gained from analysis of the single kernel in-flight response will provide design criteria for improvement of high-speed optical sorters for recognition of mold-damaged wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP A3810 EP A3810 AR 63810A DI 10.1117/12.686027 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800010 ER PT S AU Yoon, SC Lawrence, KC Smith, DP Park, B Windham, WR AF Yoon, Seung Chul Lawrence, Kurt C. Smith, Douglas P. Park, Bosoon Windham, William R. BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Bone fragment detection in chicken breast using diffuse scattering patterns of back-illuminated structured light - art. no. 63810G SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE bone detection; scattering pattern; poultry inspection; chicken breast fillet; food safety; bone fragment; illumination-transmittance model AB This paper is concerned with the detection of bone fragments embedded in de-boned skinless chicken breast fillets by modeling images made by back-lighting and embedded bone fragments. Imaging of chicken fillets is often dominated by strongly multiple scattering properties of the fillets. Thus, resulting images from multiple scattering are diffused, scattered and low contrast. In this study, both transmittance and reflectance hyperspectral imaging, which is a nonionized and non-destructive imaging modality, is investigated as an alternative method to the conventional transmittance X-ray imaging technique which is an ionizing imaging modality. As a way of reducing the influence of light scattering on images and thus increasing the image contrast, the use of a structured line light is examined along with an image formation model that separates undesirable lighting effects from an image. The image formation model based on an illumination-transmittance model is applied for correcting non-uniform illumination effects so that embedded bones are more easily detected by a global threshold. An automated image processing algorithm to detect bones is also proposed. Experimental results with chicken breast fillets and bone fragments are provided. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP G3810 EP G3810 AR 63810G DI 10.1117/12.686262 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800015 ER PT S AU Noh, HK Lu, RF AF Noh, Hyun Kwon Lu, Renfu BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Integrating fluorescence and interactance measurements to improve apple maturity assessment - art. no. 63810M SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE fluorescence; reflectance; interactance; near-infrared; ultraviolet light; fruit quality; apple maturity ID SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; FRUIT FIRMNESS; QUALITY; PREDICTION; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING; RIPENESS; HARVEST AB Fluorescence and reflectance (or interactance) are promising techniques for measuring fruit quality and condition. Our previous research showed that a hyperspectral imaging technique integrating fluorescence and reflectance could improve predictions of selected quality parameters compared to single sensing techniques. The objective of this research was to use a low cost spectrometer for rapid acquisition of fluorescence and interactance spectra from apples and develop an algorithm integrating the two types of data for predicting skin and flesh color, fruit firmness, starch index, soluble solids content, and titratable acid. Experiments were performed to measure UV light induced transient fluorescence and interactance spectra from 'Golden Delicious' apples that were harvested over a period of four weeks during the 2005 harvest season. Standard destructive tests were performed to measure maturity parameters from the apples. Principal component (PC) analysis was applied to the interactance and fluorescence data. A back-propagation feedforward neural network with the inputs of PC data was used to predict individual maturity parameters. Interactance mode was consistently better than fluorescence mode in predicting the maturity parameters. Integrating interactance and fluorescence improved predictions of all parameters except flesh chroma; values of the correlation coefficient for finnness, soluble solids content, starch index, and skin and flesh hue were 0.77, 0.77, 0.89, 0.99, and 0.96 respectively, with the corresponding standard errors of 6.93 N, 0.90%, 0.97 g/L, 0.013 rad, and 0.013 rad. These results represented 4.1% to 23.5% improvements in terms of standard error, in comparison with the better results from the two single sensing methods. Integrating interactance and fluorescence can better assess apple maturity and quality. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, MWA,SBRU, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Noh, HK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, MWA,SBRU, 105A Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP M3810 EP M3810 AR 63810M DI 10.1117/12.685973 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800021 ER PT S AU Kim, MS Cho, BK Yang, CC Chao, K Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR AF Kim, Moon S. Cho, Byoung-Kwan Yang, Chun-Chieh Chao, Kuanglin Lefcourt, Alan M. Chen, Yud-Ren BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence line-scan imaging system for online detection of fecal contamination on apples - art. no. 63810P SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; fluorescence; reflectance; online detection; food safety ID POULTRY CARCASSES; AUTOMATED DETECTION; NEURAL-NETWORK; INSPECTION; ALGORITHM; IMAGERY AB We have developed nondestructive opto-electronic imaging techniques for rapid assessment of safety and wholesomeness of foods. A recently developed fast hyperspectral line-scan imaging system integrated with a commercial apple-sorting machine was evaluated for rapid detection of animal feces matter on apples. Apples obtained from a local orchard were artificially contaminated with cow feces. For the online trial, hyperspectral images with 60 spectral channels, reflectance in the visible to near infrared regions and fluorescence emissions with UV-A excitation, were acquired from apples moving at a processing sorting-line speed of three apples per second. Reflectance and fluorescence imaging required a passive light source, and each method used independent continuous wave (CW) light sources. In this paper, integration of the hyperspectral imaging system with the commercial applesorting machine and preliminary results for detection of fecal contamination on apples, mainly based on the fluorescence method, are presented. C1 USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP P3810 EP P3810 AR 63810P DI 10.1117/12.686674 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800024 ER PT S AU Lefcourt, AM Narayanan, P Tasch, U Rostamian, R Kim, MS Chen, YR AF Lefcourt, Alan M. Narayanan, Priya Tasch, Uri Rostamian, Rouben Kim, Moon S. Chen, Yud-Ren BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Development of video technology to analyze dynamics of inertia-based apple orientation - art. no. 63810Q SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE apples; imaging; orientation; machine vision; food safety ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SURFACE-DEFECTS; INSPECTION; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; VISION; STEM AB Development of machine vision systems to examine fruit for quality and contamination problems has been stalled due to lack of an inexpensive, fast, method for appropriately orienting fruit for imaging. We recently discovered that apples could be oriented based-on inertial properties. Apples were rolled down a ramp consisting of two parallel rails. When sufficient angular velocity was achieved, the apples moved to a configuration where the stem/calyx axis was perpendicular to the direction of travel. This discovery provides a potential basis for development of a commercially-viable orientation system. However, many question remain concerning the underlying dynamic principles that govern this phenomenon. An imaging system and software were constructed to allow detailed observation of the orientation process. Sequential 640x480 monochrome images are acquired at 60 fps and 11500 see exposure. The software finds the center of the apple in each image as well as the vertical movement of the track at a selected coordinate. Early tests revealed that the compliance of the track played a significant role in the orientation process. These data will be used to compare results from empirical tests with predictions of dynamic models. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP Q3810 EP Q3810 AR 63810Q DI 10.1117/12.687039 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800025 ER PT S AU Lawrence, KC Smith, DP Windham, WR Heitschmidt, GW Park, B AF Lawrence, Kurt C. Smith, Douglas P. Windham, William R. Heitschmidt, Gerald W. Park, Bosoon BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Egg embryo development detection with hyperspectral imaging - art. no. 63810T SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE eggs; fertility; hyperspectral imaging; imaging spectroscopy; spectroscopy ID MACHINE VISION; FERTILITY AB In the U. S. e-- industry, anywhere from 130 million to over one billion infertile eggs are incubated each year. Some of these infertile eggs explode in the hatching cabinet and can potentially spread molds or bacteria to all the ego's in the cabinet. A method to detect the embryo development of incubated eggs was developed. Twelve brown-shell hatching eggs from two replicates (n=24) were incubated and imaged to identify embryo development. A hyperspectral imaging system was used to collect transmission images from 420 to 840 nm of brown-shell eggs positioned with the air cell vertical and normal to the camera lens. Raw transmission images from about 400 to 900 nm were collected for every egg on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 of incubation. A total of 96 images were collected and eggs were broken out on day 6 to determine fertility. After breakout, all eggs were found to be fertile. Therefore, this paper presents results for egg embryo development, not fertility. The original hyperspectral data and spectral means for each egg were both used to create embryo development models. With the hyperspectral data range reduced to about 500 to 700 nm, a minimum noise fraction transformation was used, along with a Mahalanobis Distance classification model, to predict development. Days 2 and 3 were all correctly classified (100%), while day 0 and day 1 were classified at 95.8% and 91.7%, respectively. Alternatively, the mean spectra from each egg were used to develop a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. First, a PLSR model was developed with all eggs and all days. The data were multiplicative scatter corrected, spectrally smoothed, and the wavelength range was reduced to 539 - 770 nm. With a one-out cross validation, all eggs for all days were correctly classified (100%). Second, a PLSR model was developed with data from day 0 and day 3, and the model was validated with data from day 1 and 2. For day 1, 22 of 24 eggs were correctly classified (91.7%) and for day 2, all eggs were correctly classified (100%). Although the results are based on relatively small sample sizes, they are encouraging. However, larger sample sizes, from multiple flocks. will be needed to fully validate and verify these models. Additionally, future experiments must also include non-fertile eggs so the fertile / non-fertile effect can be determined. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP T3810 EP T3810 AR 63810T DI 10.1117/12.686303 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800028 ER PT S AU Liu, YL Chao, KL Chen, YR Kim, MS Nou, XW Chan, DE Yang, CC AF Liu, Yongliang Chao, Kuanglin Chen, Yud-Ren Kim, Moon S. Nou, Xiangwu Chan, Diane E. Yang, Chun-Chieh BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Detection of fecal/ingesta contaminants at slaughter plants from a number of characteristic visible and near infrared bands - art. no. 63810U SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE visible / near infrared spectroscopy; algorithm; poultry; fecal and ingesta contamination; sanitation and safety ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; ALGORITHM; SPECTRA; FECES AB Several of visible and NIR bands were sought to explore the potential for the classification of fecal / ingesta ("F/i") objectives from rubber belt and stainless steel ("RB/SS") backgrounds. Spectral features of "F/I" objectives and "RB/SS" backgrounds showed large differences in both visible and NIR regions, due to the diversity of their chemical compositions. Such spectral distinctions formed the basis on which to develop simple three-band ratio algorithms for the classification analysis. Meanwhile, score-score plots from principal component analysis (PCA) indicated the obvious cluster separation between "F/I" objectives and "RB/SS" backgrounds, but the corresponding loadings did not show any specific wavelengths for developing effective algorithms. Furthermore, 2-class soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) models were developed to compare the correct classifications with those from the ratio algorithms. Results indicated that using ratio algorithms in the visible or NIR region could separate "F/I" objectives from "RB/SS" backgrounds with a success rate of over 97%. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP U3810 EP U3810 AR 63810U DI 10.1117/12.686225 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800029 ER PT S AU Chao, KL Yang, CC Chen, YR Chan, DE Kim, MS AF Chao, Kuanglin Yang, Chun-Chieh Chen, Yud-Ren Chan, Diane E. Kim, Moon S. BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Poultry carcass inspection by a fast line-scan imaging system: Results from in-plant testing - art. no. 63810V SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE automated chicken inspection; food safety; fuzzy logic; HACCP AB During in-plant testing of a hyperspectral line-scan imaging system, images were acquired of wholesome and systemically diseased chickens on a commercial processing line moving at a speed 70 birds per minute. A fuzzy logic based algorithm using four key wavelengths, 468 nm, 501 nm, 582 nm, 629 nm, was developed using image data from the validation set of images of 543 wholesome and 66 systemically diseased chickens. A classification method using the fuzzy logic based algorithm was then tested on the testing set of images of 457 wholesome and 37 systemically diseased chickens, as well as 80 systemically diseased chickens that were imaged off-shift during breaks between normal processing shifts of the chicken plant. The classification method correctly identified 89.7% of wholesome chicken images and 98.5% of systemically diseased chicken images in the validation set. For the testing data set, the method correctly classified 96.7 % of 457 wholesome chicken images and 100% of 37 systemically diseased chicken images. The 80 images acquired off-shift were also 100% correctly identified. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP V3810 EP V3810 AR 63810V DI 10.1117/12.686144 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800030 ER PT S AU Park, B Kise, M Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP Thai, CN AF Park, Bosoon Kise, Michio Lawrence, Kurt C. Windham, William R. Smith, Douglas P. Thai, Chi N. BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Real-time multispectral imaging system for online poultry fecal inspection using UML - art. no. 63810W SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE multispectral; hyperspectral; real-time; image processing; object-oriented programming; fecal contamination; machine vision; poultry inspection; unified modeling language ID CARCASSES AB A prototype real-time multispectral imaging system for fecal and ingesta contaminant detection on broiler carcasses has been developed. The prototype system includes a common aperture camera with three optical trim filters (517, 565 and 802-nm wavelength), which were selected by visible/NIR spectroscopy and validated by a hyperspectral imaging system with decision tree algorithm. The on-line testing results showed that the multispectral imaging technique can be used effectively for detecting feces (from duodenum, ceca,, and colon) and ingesta on the surface of poultry carcasses with a processing speed of 140 birds per minute. This paper demonstrated both multispectral imaging hardware and real-time image processing software. For the software development, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) design approach was used for on-line application. The UML models included class, object, activity, sequence, and collaboration diagram. User interface model included seventeen inputs and six outputs. A window based real-time image processing software composed of eleven components, which represented class. architecture, and activity. Both hardware and software for a real-time fecal detection were tested at the pilot-scale poultry processing plant. The run-time of the software including online calibration was fast enough to inspect carcasses on-line with an industry requirement. Based on the preliminary test at the pilot-scale processing line, the system was able to acquire poultry images in real-time. According to the test results, the imaging system is reliable for the harsh environments and UML based image processing software is flexible and easy to be updated when additional parameters are needed for in-plant trials. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP W3810 EP W3810 AR 63810W DI 10.1117/12.686379 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800031 ER PT S AU Kise, M Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, RW AF Kise, Michio Park, Bosoon Lawrence, Kurt C. Windham, Robert W. BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Two-port multispectral imaging system for contaminant detection on poultry carcasses - art. no. 63810X SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE poultry inspection; fecal contaminant detection; machine vision; spectral sensing; multispectral image; optical system design; two-port imaging system ID FECAL CONTAMINATION AB The objective of this research is to design and fabricate a compact, cost effective multispectral instrument and to collect and analyze spectra for real-time contaminant detection for poultry processing plants. It was revealed by our previous research that the fecal contamination on the surface of the poultry carcass could be detected by sensing the spectral reflectance of the carcass surface in two specific wavelengths, namely 517 nm and 565 nm. The prototype system developed in this research consists of a multispectral imaging system, illumination system and handheld PC. To develop the system cost-effectively, all components are selected from off-the-shelf products and manually assembled. The multispectral imaging sensor developed in this research is a two-port imaging system that consists of two identical monochrome cameras, optical system and two narrow bandpass filters whose center of the wavelength are 520 and 560 nm, respectively. A spectral reflectance from a chicken carcass is collected and split in two directions by an optical system including a bearnsplitter and lenses, and then two identical collimated lights are filtered by the narrow bandpass filters and delivered to the cameras. Lens distortions and geometric misalignment of the two cameras are mathematically compensated to register two images perfectly. The prototype system is tested in the real environment and shows that it can effectively detect feces and ingesta on the surface of poultry carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kise, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP X3810 EP X3810 AR 63810X DI 10.1117/12.686154 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800032 ER PT S AU Yang, CC Chan, DE Chao, KL Chen, YR Kim, MS AF Yang, Chun-Chieh Chan, Diane E. Chao, Kuanglin Chen, Yud-Ren Kim, Moon S. BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Development of online line-scan imaging system for chicken inspection and differentiation - art. no. 63810Y SO Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE food safety; hyperspectral image; multispectral image; poultry ID POULTRY CARCASSES; INGESTA AB An online line-scan imaging system was developed for differentiation of wholesome and systemically diseased chickens. The hyperspectral imaging system used in this research can be directly converted to multispectral operation and would provide the ideal implementation of essential features for data-efficient high-speed multispectral classification algorithms. The imaging system consisted of an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) camera and an imaging spectrograph for line-scan images. The system scanned the surfaces of chicken carcasses on an eviscerating line at a poultry processing plant in December 2005. A method was created to recognize birds entering and exiting the field of view, and to locate a Region of Interest on the chicken images from which useful spectra were extracted for analysis. From analysis of the difference spectra between wholesome and systemically diseased chickens, four wavelengths of 468 nm, 501 nm, 582 nm and 629 nm were selected as key wavelengths for differentiation. The method of locating the Region of Interest will also have practical application in multispectral operation of the line-scan imaging system for online chicken inspection. This line-scan imaging system makes possible the implementation of multispectral inspection using the key wavelengths determined in this study with minimal software adaptations and without the need for cross-system calibration. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 BP Y3810 EP Y3810 AR 63810Y DI 10.1117/12.686087 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800033 ER PT S AU Tu, SI Geng, T Uknalis, J Bhunia, A AF Tu, Shu-I Geng, Tao Uknalis, Joe Bhunia, Arun BE Chen, YR Meyer, GE Tu, SI TI Fiber optic biosensor employing Alexa-Fluor conjugated antibodies for detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Shiga-like toxins SO OPTICS FOR NATURAL RESOURCES, AGRICULTURE, AND FOODS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE E. coli O157 : H7; Shiga-like toxins; optical fiber sensor; antibody-based detection ID IN-GROUND BEEF AB We developed an antibody-based fiber-optic biosensor to rapidly detect low levels of Escherichia coli O15:H7 and shiga-like toxins (SLTs) in ground beef samples. The principle of the sensor is a sandwich immunoassay using an antibody which is specific for E. coli O157:H7 or toxins. A polyclonal antibody was first immobilized on polystyrene fiber waveguides through a biotin-streptavidin reaction that served as the bacteria and toxin capture entity. Alexa Fluor 647 dye-labeled antibodies against E. coli O157:H7 or SLTS incubated with the waveguides were used to detect cells or toxin and generate a specific fluorescent signal, which was acquired by launching a 635 nm laser-light from an Analyte2000. Fluorescent molecules within several hundred nanometers of the fiber were excited by an evanescent wave, and a portion of the emission light from fluorescent dye transmitted by the fiber and collected by a photodetector at wavelengths of 670 to 710 nm quantitatively. This immunosensor was specific for E. coli O157:H7 compared with multiple other foodborne bacteria. The approach was also able to detect -0.5 mu g/mL of pure SLTs and the the SLTs associated with 10(5) E. coli O157:H7 cells at stationary phase after olfoxacin induction. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Bhunia, Arun/0000-0003-3640-1554 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6479-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6381 AR 638106 DI 10.1117/12.686316 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Food Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BFW47 UT WOS:000245101800006 ER PT J AU Schatz, PF Ralph, J Lu, FC Guzei, IA Bunzel, M AF Schatz, Paul F. Ralph, John Lu, Fachuang Guzei, Ilia A. Bunzel, Mirko TI Synthesis and identification of 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, an unanticipated ferulate 8-8-coupling product acylating cereal plant cell walls SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; CHINESE WATER CHESTNUT; BRAN INSOLUBLE FIBER; MAIZE BRAN; DIETARY FIBER; RADICAL SYNTHESIS; DIFERULIC ACIDS; PHENOLIC DIMERS; DEHYDRODIMERS; TEXTURE AB A new product implicated in cereal grain polysaccharide cross-linking has been authenticated by independent synthesis. Saponification of cereal grain fiber releases the RRRS/SSSR-isomer of 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-dicarboxylic acid. The parent ester logically derives from 8 - 8-coupling of ferulate followed by water addition to one of the incipient quinone methide moieties and internal trapping of the other. The finding adds complexity to the analysis of plant cell wall cross-linking, but provides clues to important polysaccharide cross-linking pathways occurring in planta. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USA Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Lebensmittelchem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM schatz@chem.wisc.edu; jralph@wisc.edu; fachuanglu@wisc.edu; iguzei@chem.wisc.edu; Mirko.Bunzel@uni-hamburg.de NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 EI 1477-0539 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 14 BP 2801 EP 2806 DI 10.1039/b605918j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 061CX UT WOS:000238849900018 PM 16826306 ER PT J AU Holmgren, A Brunow, G Henriksson, G Zhang, LM Ralph, J AF Holmgren, Anders Brunow, Goesta Henriksson, Gunnar Zhang, Liming Ralph, John TI Non-enzymatic reduction of quinone methides during oxidative coupling of monolignols: implications for the origin of benzyl structures in lignins SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS; POLYMERIZATION; DEHYDROGENASE; GYMNOSPERMS; ANGIOSPERMS; CONIFERYL; MECHANISM; ALCOHOLS; MODELS AB Lignin is believed to be synthesized by oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids. In native lignin there are some types of reduced structures that cannot be explained solely by oxidative coupling. In the present work we showed via biomimetic model experiments that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NADH), in an uncatalyzed process, reduced a beta-aryl ether quinone methide to its benzyl derivative. A number of other biologically significant reductants, including the enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase, failed to produce the reduced structures. Synthetic dehydrogenation polymers of coniferyl alcohol synthesized ( under oxidative conditions) in the presence of the reductant NADH produced the same kind of reduced structures as in the model experiment, demonstrating that oxidative and reductive processes can occur in the same environment, and that reduction of the in situ-generated quinone methides was sufficiently competitive with water addition. In situ reduction of beta - beta-quinone methides was not achieved in this study. The origin of racemic benzyl structures in lignins therefore remains unknown, but the potential for simple chemical reduction is demonstrated here. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci, Dept Fiber & Polymer Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zhang, LM (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci, Dept Fiber & Polymer Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM liming@polymer.kth.se RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 18 BP 3456 EP 3461 DI 10.1039/b606369a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 079HP UT WOS:000240166800014 PM 17036140 ER PT J AU Fang, JS Chan, O Joeckel, RM Huang, YS Wang, Y Bazylinski, DA Moorman, TB Clement, BJA AF Fang, Jiasong Chan, Olivia Joeckel, R. M. Huang, Yongsong Wang, Yi Bazylinski, Dennis A. Moorman, Thomas B. Clement, Barbara J. Ang TI Biomarker analysis of microbial diversity in sediments of a saline groundwater seep of Salt Basin, Nebraska SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; CYANOBACTERIUM MICROCOLEUS-VAGINATUS; CARBON ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-PALUSTRIS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; HALOBACTERIUM-CUTIRUBRUM; CHLOROFLEXUS-AURANTIACUS; GEOCHEMICAL SIGNIFICANCE AB Lipids extracted from sediments in a saline seep in the Salt Basin of Lancaster County, Nebraska included alkanes, alkenes, alkanols, phytol, C27-30 sterols, C30-32 hopanoids, tetrahymanol, glycolipid and phospholipid fatty acids, and lipopolysaccharide hydroxyl fatty acids. Biomarker profiles suggest that the brine seeps of Salt Basin support a microbial ecosystem adapted to a relatively highly saline and sulfidic environment. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and lipopolysaccharide hydroxyl fatty acid profiles are consistent with the presence of large numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in black, sulfidic muds surrounding the seeps. In the context of field and laboratory observations, the presence of large amounts of glycolipid fatty acids is attributed to large populations of photosynthetic microorganisms (cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, and purple sulfur bacteria) that likely play important roles in the local cycling of carbon and sulfur. The sterol profile and the detection of polyunsaturated alkenes (C-21:6, C-21:7, C-30:4, and C-30:5) implicates microalgae as important contributors of organic matter at the site. Comparatively high concentrations of phytol (58.2 mu g g(-1) dry wt sediment) record the activity of photosynthetic organisms in the system. The delta C-13 of phytol (-37.1 parts per thousand) is compatible with a dominance of microalgae, cyanobacteria, or higher plants and a lesser contribution from phototrophic sulfur bacteria. The presence of various intermediate degradation products of phytol (phytenes and phytadienes) indicates that SRB likely mediate the chemical reduction of phytol in the anaerobic zone. The presence of C30-32 hopanols can be attributed to cyanobacteria and methanotrophs in oxic regions of the water column, whereas bacterivorous ciliates and phototrophic sulfur bacteria living at the chemocline are likely sources of tetrahymanol. The carbon isotopic composition of individual fatty acids and neutral lipids helps to identify source organisms. These microorganisms and others constitute a unique and integrated ecosystem prescribed by the geochemistry of the Salt Basin. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Doane Coll, Dept Biol, Crete, NE 68333 USA. RP Fang, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jsfang@iastate.edu NR 117 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 8 BP 912 EP 931 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.04.007 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 074OK UT WOS:000239821500004 ER PT J AU Engeman, R Whisson, D Quinn, J Cano, F Quinones, P White, TH AF Engeman, R Whisson, D Quinn, J Cano, F Quinones, P White, TH TI Monitoring invasive mammalian predator populations sharing habitat with the Critically Endangered Puerto Rican parrot Amazona vittata SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Amazona vittata; black rat; endangered species; exotic species; feral cat; invasive species; mongoose ID MANAGEMENT; ISLAND; EXTINCTION; MORTALITY; FOREST; RATTUS; CATS; RATS AB Critically Endangered Puerto Rican parrots Amazona vittata are one of the rarest birds in the world. Several exotic mammal species capable of preying on Puerto Rican parrots cohabit the Caribbean National Forest with the only wild population of these parrots. We used tracking plates, monitoring blocks and trapping to index black rats, small Indian mongooses and feral cats in parrot habitat and in public-use areas in the same habitat type. We had high trap Success for black rats at all sites (42% of all sites combined), among the highest reported in the world. Rat response to monitoring (nontoxic bait) blocks was universally high, regardless of ground or tree placement. Mongooses were present at all sites, with a greater proportion of plates tracked within the forest than at public-use sites. Cats were present at all forest sites and one of the public-use sites. Presence of the three species did not appear to be linked to human disturbance. Because only 30-40 Puerto Rican parrots survive in the wild, with as few as three pairs nesting in 2002, we concluded that the abundance and pervasiveness of exotic mammalian predators poses a greater threat to the parrots than has been generally acknowledged. This is evidenced by mammalian predation during recent parrot breeding seasons, including six fledglings taken by mongooses and one nest failure from rats during 2000-2003. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Caribbean Natl Forest Catalina Work Ctr, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Caribbean Natl Forest, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. JR US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. RP Engeman, R (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov RI Whisson, Desley/H-9578-2013 OI Whisson, Desley/0000-0002-4221-0706 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1017/S0030605305001286 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024IM UT WOS:000236188700023 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Blumberg, JB AF Chen, Chung-Yen Blumberg, Jeffrey B. BE Singh, KK TI Use of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Human Studies SO OXIDATIVE STRESS, DISEASE AND CANCER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HUMAN-LEUKOCYTE DNA; IN-VIVO; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PROTEIN OXIDATION; VITAMIN-C; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION C1 [Chen, Chung-Yen; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 142 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-86094-804-6 PY 2006 BP 1045 EP 1076 DI 10.1142/9781860948046_0038 PG 32 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Pathology GA BZB84 UT WOS:000301060300039 ER PT J AU Jones, GD Bryant, VM AF Jones, Gretchen D. Bryant, Vaughn M. TI Pollen analysis: A comparison of pollen counts using light vs. scanning electron microscopy SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Playnol Lab, TAMU 4352, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM g-jones@tamu.edu; vbryant@neo.tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2006 VL 30 BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 125BB UT WOS:000243415400027 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Goughnour, RB AF Yee, WL Goughnour, RB TI New host records for the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera : Tephritidae), in Washington State SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis ponionella; new hosts; Asian pear; bitter cherry; European pear; plum; cotoneaster AB A study was conducted to establish new host records for the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), 1867 (Diptera: Tephritidae), in southwestern Washington and to test the hypothesis that some new hosts are used consistently (annually) by this fly. Based on flies reared from fruit collected in 2001-2004, Asian pear, Pyrus serotina L., bitter cherry, Prunus emarginata (Doug. ex Hook.) D. Dietr., European pear, Pyrus communis L., garden plum, Prunus domestica L., and cranberry cotoneaster, Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehd. & Wils., were R. pomonella hosts, in addition to apple, hawthorns, and crabapple. All hosts belong to the Rosaceae. Asian pear has never been recorded as a host for R. pomonella. Different Asian pear trees were infested for three consecutive years, suggesting this host is used consistently. Bitter cherry is also a new host record for R. pomonella, but it was rarely infested. European pear, plum, and cotoneaster are new published host records for R. pomonella in Washington State. European pear and plum were infested four and three consecutive years, respectively, suggesting they also were used consistently. Only one C. apiculatus was found, so it is unknown if it was used consistently. If R. pomonella populations increase in or near the major apple-growing areas of central Washington, Asian pear, European pear, and plum may occasionally be attacked and may need to be monitored in a fly detection and suppression program. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 053AN UT WOS:000238275900006 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP AF Hoberg, EP TI Phylogeny of Taenia: Species definitions and origins of human parasites SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Taeniasis/Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis with Focus on Asia and the Pacific CY 2005 CL Asahikawa, JAPAN SP Minist Educ Japan DE phylogeny; evolution; biogeography; species concepts; Taenia tapeworms; Taenia asiatica; Taenia saginata ID TAPEWORMS; CESTODES; AFRICAN; CYCLOPHYLLIDEA; BIODIVERSITY; HYPOTHESIS; WORLDWIDE; ASIATICA; SEQUENCE; ECOLOGY AB Phylogeny is fundamental as it constrains explanations about history and forms our foundation for recognizing and diagnosing species. In the absence of such a framework taxonomists historically relied on intuitive processes, personal judgment and authority, often embracing a typological view of species that disregarded otherwise unequivocal historical and biological criteria. Species of Taenia are among the most characteristic tapeworms infecting carnivores and humans as definitive hosts and indeed Taemidae is unique among the Eucestoda in requiring 2 obligate mammalian hosts for transmission; a high percentage (>80%) of life cycles have been completely elucidated among the approximately 45 species and nominal subspecies of Taenia. Until recently there had been no comprehensive attempts at reconstruction of a phylogeny among these important parasites. Such analyses have allowed us to explore the origins and evolution of those independent species of Taenia that occur in humans (T saginata, T asiatica, and T solium) and to understand the ecological and historical processes serving as determinants of biogeography and host-association. These studies supported the status of T asiatica as a valid species and diagnosed a relationship as the sister-species of T saginata. These conclusions contrasted with a diversity of opinions that would subsume T asiatica as a subspecies. Recognition of a species constitutes a specific and testable hypothesis, is not an arbitrary decision and is most appropriately assessed in the context of phylogenetic or historical data. Considering macrospecies, a process has been outlined by Brooks and McLennan [Brooks DR, McLennan DA. The nature of diversity: an evolutionary voyage of discovery. University of Chicago Press: Chicago; 2002] as follows: (1) Discovery: a systematist describes the species; (2) Phylogenetic reconstruction; (3) Evaluation I: do sister-species show geographical overlap-are they sympatric or allopatric (use phylogeny+geographical distributions)? (4) Evaluation II: are sister-species reproductively isolated based on information from natural history, ecology and reproductive biology? Species may be viewed in the context of microevolutionary and macroevolutionary processes. For instance, microspecies are defined in ecological time and involve populations and contemporary process that are potentially reversible (reticulate). In contrast, macrospecies as exemplified by T saginata and T asiatica are divergent lineages resulting from processes in evolutionary time where an ancestor has undergone a permanent split that is non-reversible (non-reticulate). Applying these criteria in evaluation of T saginata and T asiatica, it becomes clear that in evolutionary time these represent historical lineages with independent spatial and temporal trajectories, having separated from a common ancestor near 0.78 to 1.71 MYBP in Africa, or Eurasia. In ecological time, sympatry, reproductive isolation, and differences in life history evident for T saginata and T asiatica as observed in China, and perhaps other regions of Southeast Asia, further serve to validate these taeniids. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 55 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PY 2006 VL 55 SU S BP S23 EP S30 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.049 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 017IO UT WOS:000235687500005 PM 16371252 ER PT J AU Eaton, RJ AF Eaton, Robert J. TI Collembola population levels 7 years after installation of the North Carolina Long Term Soil Productivity Study SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Collembola; forest soil; population dynamics; organic matter removal ID COMMUNITY; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; LITTER; FOREST AB Collembola are among the most abundant microarthropods in terrestrial ecosystems and have been shown to affect litter decomposition and nutrient release rates. Previous work on the Croatan National Forest Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) study indicated organic matter removal and vegetation control treatments affected collembolan populations. The present study isolated important factors within these treatments and determined if differences in collembolan populations by treatment persisted over time. Collembolans were extracted from litter and enumerated on both a per area and volume basis for 1 year. Litter volume, quality, and nutrient concentration, in addition to treatment effects of organic matter removal, soil compaction and vegetation control were tested against numbers of Collembola. Organic matter removal and vegetation control treatments had a significant negative effect on populations during the late spring, summer, and early fall. months, whereas compaction had no significant effect. Physical titter characteristics, nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon to nitrogen ratio were consistently significantly correlated to collembolan populations. Results indicate removal of the fermentation and humus (17, H) layers not only decrease the volume of living space but also make Collembola more susceptible to dry periods, and this effect continues even after reestablishment of the forest floor litter. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Eaton, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM beaton@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2006.03.002 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 093BA UT WOS:000241141000002 ER PT S AU Hoffmann, WC AF Hoffmann, W. Clint BE Salyani, M Lindner, G TI Field-collected and AGDISP-predicted spray flux from an aerial application SO Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems, 25th Volume: Advances in Crop Protection Technologies SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems CY OCT 05-07, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP ASTM Int Comm E35 DE spray deposition; drift; AGDISP; aerial application; canopy ID DRIFT; MODEL; PARAMETERS; AIRCRAFT; CANOPY; COTTON; SIZE AB As computer models are increasingly being integrated into modem agricultural operations, the comparison of field-collected data to the model prediction improves the confidence that aerial applicators, researchers, and regulators have in the model. The field-collected data were compared to the AGDISP model predictions for the tests conducted in soybeans and cotton and over a concrete runway on two different days. The meteorological effects on spray movement were then explored by analyzing individual replications in the spray trials. The effect of varying the surface roughness coefficient over the range of values for bare ground (i.e., runways) in the AGDISP model on downwind spray movement was determined. The final analyses presented showed the dramatic decrease in downwind spray movement as a result of increasing canopy height as predicted by the AGDISP model. The AGDISP model predicted 1-6 times higher levels of spray materials than that measured by field samplers. The model predictions were 1-3 times greater than the field collected data in the runway studies and 2-6 times greater in the canopy studies. Surface roughness coefficients over bare ground had minimal impacts as predicted by the AGDISP model. When the actual weather conditions of one of the treatments in this study were input into the AGDISP model; a 1.5 m/s increase in wind speed resulted in a 100 % increase in the spray flux at 50 m from the application site. When crop height inputs into the AGDISP model were changed from 0.3 m to 1.3 m, the spray flux decreased by 20-fold, demonstrating the dramatic filtering effect that a canopy can have on a spray cloud and will serve as a stimulus for future studies designed to fully characterize the effect of crop canopy on spray movement. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3496-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1470 BP 156 EP 167 DI 10.1520/STP37476S PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BEJ56 UT WOS:000237447500017 ER PT S AU Zhu, H Derksen, RC Krause, CR Fox, RD Brazee, RD Ozkan, HE AF Zhu, H. Derksen, R. C. Krause, C. R. Fox, R. D. Brazee, R. D. Ozkan, H. E. BE Salyani, M Lindner, G TI Fluorescent intensity of dye solutions under different pH conditions SO Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems, 25th Volume: Advances in Crop Protection Technologies SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems CY OCT 05-07, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP ASTM Int Comm E35 DE fluorescence tracer; spray drift; deposition; wash solution; pesticide ID SPRAY PENETRATION; CANOPY; DEPOSITION AB Fluorescent tracers are widely used for assessment of spray quantity in the field due to their relatively high sensitivity, low cost and user safety. However, many concerns have been raised over their measurement accuracy due to questions of stability of fluorescence during tests. Stable analysis of fluorescence is essential to ensure accurate evaluation of pesticide spray application efficiency. The objective of this research was to determine the stability of fluorescent intensity of five tracers dissolved in solutions with various pH conditions in an effort to minimize analytical errors in the measurement of spray deposition and drift. The fluorescent intensity of five fluorescent tracers commonly used for the quantitative assessment of spray deposition and off-target loss was investigated with wash solutions over pH conditions from 6.9-10.4. The tracers selected in the tests were Brilliant Sulfaflavine (BSF), Fluorescein, Pyranine, Tinopal, and Eosin. The fluorescence of Pyranine was the most sensitive to the solution pH conditions, followed by Fluorescein and Tinopal, while BSF and Eosin had a nearly constant fluorescent intensity over the pH range from 6.9-10.4. The fluorescence of Fluorescein increased 1.3 times, Tinopal 1.25 times, and Pyranine 3.0 times as the pH value increased from 6.9-8.4, but it became nearly constant when pH value was greater than 8.4. However, Pyranine, Fluorescein, and Tinopal showed much stronger fluorescence than BSF and Eosin. A solution containing Fluorescein at pH 8.4 and higher demonstrated 83 times greater fluorescent intensity than the solution containing the same amount of BSF. In conclusion, the fluorescence of tracers should be examined under various pH conditions during the selection of tracers for pesticide spray deposition and drift trials. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3496-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1470 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1520/STP37479S PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BEJ56 UT WOS:000237447500020 ER PT J AU Xu, YG Prather, JW Hampton, HM Aumack, EN Dickson, BG Sisk, TD AF Xu, YG Prather, JW Hampton, HM Aumack, EN Dickson, BG Sisk, TD TI Advanced exploratory data analysis for mapping regional canopy cover SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION IMAGERY; LANDSAT TM; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLASSIFICATION; SEPARATION; SAVANNA; HEIGHT AB USGS Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles (DoQs) are a form of inexpensive, high spatial resolution (1 m ground resolution) imagery available for most regions of the United States. Typically, DoQs have been used in the construction of "basemaps" or as training datasets. In this paper we present a technical approach that uses DoQs as the primary data source to map regional forest canopy cover. This approach, a form of advanced exploratory data analysis (AEDA), can separate areas of crown, shadow, and non-crown vegetation using a single value threshold and a "value range" threshold obtained by analyzing the statistical plots built on a multifractal model. By applying AEDA, we can distinguish the crown, crown boundary zone, shadow areas, and non-crown areas within a DOQ mosaic by their distinctive multifractul properties. Over a period of two years, we mapped canopy cover of 20,000 km(2) of ponderosa pine-dominated forest across northern Arizona using this technique. We used two hundred ground plot measurements from an independent source to assess the accuracy of the canopy cover map across an 8,000 km(2) region. C1 No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Xu, YG (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM yaguang.xu@nau.edu; dickson@cnr.colostate.edu NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 003JG UT WOS:000234677300020 ER PT J AU Renaut, J Hausman, JF Wisniewski, ME AF Renaut, J Hausman, JF Wisniewski, ME TI Proteomics and low-temperature studies: bridging the gap between gene expression and metabolism SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Review ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; COLD RESPONSE PATHWAY; PEACH PRUNUS-PERSICA; ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESSES; PUTATIVE FUNCTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Exposure of plants to low, non-freezing temperatures results in genetically programmed changes in the physiology and biochemistry of plants that are critical for low-temperature survival. While genomic and transcript-profiling studies have provided a wealth of information about the process of cold acclimation, there is growing recognition that the abundance of mRNA transcripts is not always representative of cognate protein levels and that mechanisms of post-translational regulation must also play an important role. Recent advances in proteomic technologies have greatly increased the utility of studying global changes in proteins and significantly increased the efficiency and reliability of bidimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). This has been accompanied by advances in mass spectrometry (MS) and in protein-sequence databases used in the identification of separated proteins. Although encumbered with its own constraints, proteomics has become a powerful method used to study the relationship between gene expression (transcriptomics) and metabolism (metabolomics). New techniques in gel-based approaches, such as difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), are now available to provide both qualitative and quantitative data about the differential expression of proteins. Following 2DE separation and analysis, selected spots are usually subjected to tryptic digestion and identified using electrospray ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-MS and/or tandem MS. In this review, the advantages of the DIGE technique over existing 2DE techniques will be presented, and the utility of 2DE techniques in low-temperature studies as a complement to transcriptomics, genomics and metabolomics will be discussed. Examples of proteomic studies utilizing different tissues or subcellular compartments in response to cold will also be presented. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. CREBS, L-4422 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. RP Renaut, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM renaut@lippmann.lu RI renaut, jenny/K-3216-2012; HAUSMAN, Jean-Francois/D-1356-2009 OI renaut, jenny/0000-0002-0450-3866; HAUSMAN, Jean-Francois/0000-0001-6103-7817 NR 83 TC 83 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 126 IS 1 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00617.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 003HL UT WOS:000234672300011 ER PT J AU Myburg, H Morse, AM Amerson, HV Kubisiak, TL Huber, D Osborne, JA Garcia, SA Nelson, CD Davis, JM Covert, SF van Zyl, LM AF Myburg, Henrietta Morse, Alison M. Amerson, Henry V. Kubisiak, Thomas L. Huber, Dudley Osborne, Jason A. Garcia, Saul A. Nelson, C. Dana Davis, John M. Covert, Sarah F. van Zyl, Leonel M. TI Differential gene expression in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) challenged with the fusiform rust fungus, Cronartium quercuum f.sp fusiforme SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cronartium quercuum f.sp fusiforme; fusiform rust; gene-for-gene interactions; microarray analysis ID F-SP FUSIFORME; ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; GALLS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION AB Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme is the pathogen that incites fusiform rust disease of southern pine species. To date, a number of host resistance genes have been mapped. Although genomic mapping studies have provided valuable information on the genetic basis of disease interactions in this pine-rust pathosystem, the interaction at the molecular level is poorly understood. To further our understanding of this interaction, we implemented a microarray study to examine the differential expression of genes in pathogen-challenged progeny of a full-sib loblolly pine family known to be segregating at a single dominant resistance gene (Fr1). Statistical analyses revealed shifts in gene expression that may reflect discrete stages of gall development. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Forest Biotechnol Grp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP van Zyl, LM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Forest Biotechnol Grp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lmvanzyl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2006.07.002 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108RG UT WOS:000242256300010 ER PT J AU During, A Harrison, EH AF During, Alexandrine Harrison, Earl H. BE Johnson, LR TI Digestion and Intestinal Absorption of Dietary Carotenoids and Vitamin A SO PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, VOLS 1 AND 2, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE; RICH LIPOPROTEIN FRACTION; PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR; II GENE-EXPRESSION; ADULT HUMAN-BEINGS; CACO-2 CELL-LINE; FATTY-ACIDS; ALL-TRANS C1 [During, Alexandrine] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Harrison, Earl H.] USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP During, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015; OI During, Alexandrine/0000-0002-6878-0870 NR 175 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-045615-7 PY 2006 BP 1735 EP 1752 PG 18 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA BCR99 UT WOS:000311229600070 ER PT J AU de Souza, JT Pomella, AWV Bowers, JH Pirovani, CP Loguercio, LL Hebbar, KP AF de Souza, JT Pomella, AWV Bowers, JH Pirovani, CP Loguercio, LL Hebbar, KP TI Genetic and biological diversity of Trichoderma stromaticum, a mycoparasite of the cacao witches'-broom pathogen SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fingerprinting; Theobroma cacao ID CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; DISEASE; COCOA; BRAZIL; BAHIA; AFLP AB The witches'-broom disease, caused by the basidiomycete Crinipellis perniciosa, is the most limiting factor for cacao cultivation in Brazil. Trichoderma stromaticum is a mycoparasite of the witches'-broom pathogen of cacao that is currently being applied in the field to manage the disease in Bahia State, Brazil. In this work, molecular and traditional methods were used to study the genetic and biological diversity of this mycoparasite. Ninety-one isolates, mostly collected from farms not sprayed with the fungus, were analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), which showed that two genetic groups (I and II) of T stromaticum occur in Bahia State. This classification of T stromaticum into two distinct AFLP groups was also in agreement with several other characteristics, including growth on agar media at different temperatures and sporulation on infected stem segments (broom pieces) and rice grains. Group II favors higher temperatures compared with group I. The genetic and biological differences of the isolates, however, were not evident in field experiments, where sporulation was evaluated on the surface of brooms under natural conditions. Our results show that there is considerable genetic and biological diversity within T stromaticum in Bahia and other cacao-growing regions of South America that are affected by the witches'-broom disease. This diversity could be explored in the development of efficient biological control agents against the disease. Factors that may affect the application and performance of this biocontrol agent in the field, such as sporulation on rice substrate and on the brooms and growth at various temperatures, are discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Almirante Cacau Agricola Comercio & Exportacao Lt, BR-45630000 Itajuipe, BA, Brazil. Bowers Consulting Serv, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, BR-45662000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. Masterfoods, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. RP de Souza, JT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. EM jorge@cepec.gov.br NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0061 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 999UT UT WOS:000234416800003 PM 18944205 ER PT J AU Larkin, RP Honeycutt, CW AF Larkin, RP Honeycutt, CW TI Effects of different 3-year cropping systems on soil microbial communities and rhizoctonia diseases of potato SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial community structure; soil microbiology; Solanum tuberosum ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; RHIZOSPHERE; TILLAGE; BIOMASS; WHEAT; DYNAMICS AB Eight different 3-year cropping systems, consisting of soybean-canola, soybean-barley, sweet corn-canola, sweet corn-soybean, green bean-sweet corn, canola-sweet corn, barley-clover, and continuous potato (non-rotation control) followed by potato as the third crop in all systems, were established in replicated field plots with two rotation entry points in Presque Isle, ME, in 1998. Cropping system effects on soil microbial community characteristics based on culturable soil microbial populations, single carbon source substrate utilization (SU) profiles, and whole-soil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles were evaluated in association with the development of soilborne diseases of potato in the 2000 and 2001 field seasons. Soil populations of culturable bacteria and overall microbial activity were highest following barley, canola, and sweet corn crops, and lowest following continuous potato. The SU profiles derived from BIOLOG ECO plates indicated higher substrate richness and diversity and greater utilization of certain carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids associated with barley, canola, and some sweet corn rotations, indicating distinct differences in functional attributes of microbial communities among cropping systems. Soil FAME profiles also demonstrated distinct differences among cropping systems in their relative composition of fatty acid types and classes, representing structural attributes of microbial communities. Fatty acids most responsible for differentiation among cropping systems included 12:0, 16:1 omega 5c, 16:1 omega 7c, 18:1 omega 9c, and 18:2 omega 6c. Based on FAME biomarkers, barley rotations resulted in higher fungi-to-bacteria ratios, sweet corn resulted in greater mycorrhizae populations, and continuous potato produced the lowest amounts of these and other biomarker traits. Incidence and severity of stem and stolon canker and black scurf of potato, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, were reduced for most rotations relative to the continuous potato control. Potato crops following canola, barley, or sweet corn provided the lowest levels of Rhizoctonia disease and best tuber quality, whereas potato crops following clover or soybean resulted in disease problems in some years. Both rotation crop and cropping sequence were important in shaping the microbial characteristics, soilborne disease, and tuber qualities. Several microbial parameters, including microbial populations and SU and FAME profile characteristics, were correlated with potato disease or yield measurements in one or both harvest years. In this study, we have demonstrated distinctive effects of specific rotation crops and cropping sequences on microbial communities and have begun to relate the implications of these changes to crop health and productivity. C1 ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Larkin, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM larkin@maine.edu NR 48 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 BP 68 EP 79 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0068 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 999UT UT WOS:000234416800004 PM 18944206 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Brown, RL Rajasekaran, K Damann, KE Cleveland, TE AF Chen, ZY Brown, RL Rajasekaran, K Damann, KE Cleveland, TE TI Identification of a maize kernel pathogenesis-related protein and evidence for its involvement in resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORN TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; FUNGAL-INFECTION; MAJOR ALLERGEN; GENE-PRODUCT; PR PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; RICE; CONTAMINATION; INDUCTION; STRESS AB Aflatoxins are carcinogens produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus during infection of susceptible crops such as maize. Several aflatoxin-resistant maize genotypes have been identified and kernel proteins have been suggested to play an important role in resistance. In the present study, one protein (#717), which was expressed fivefold higher in three resistant lines compared with three susceptible ones, was identified using proteomics. This protein was sequenced and identified as a pathogenesis-related protein (PR-10) based on its sequence homology. To assess the involvement of this PR-10 protein (ZmPR-10) in host resistance of maize against fungal infection and aflatoxin production, the corresponding cDNA (pr-10) was cloned. It encodes a protein of 160 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 16.9 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.38. The expression of pr-10 during kernel development increased fivefold between 7 and 22 days after pollination, and was induced upon A. flavus infection in the resistant but not in the susceptible genotype. The ZmPR-10 overexpressed in Escherichia coli exhibited a ribonucleolytic and antifungal activities. Leaf extracts of transgenic tobacco plants expressing maize pr-10 also demonstrated RNase activity and inhibited the growth of A. flavus. This evidence suggests that ZmPR-10 plays a role in kernel resistance by inhibiting fungal growth of A. flavus. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM rbrown@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 50 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0087 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 999UT UT WOS:000234416800006 PM 18944208 ER PT J AU Abebe, T Skadsen, R Patel, M Kaeppler, H AF Abebe, T Skadsen, R Patel, M Kaeppler, H TI The Lem2 gene promoter of barley directs cell- and development-specific expression of gfp in transgenic plants SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE barley; Fusarium graminearum; genetic transformation; gfp; Lem2 promoter; tissue-specific expression ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; RICE; ARABIDOPSIS; UPSTREAM; SEQUENCE; ELEMENTS; METHYLATION; ACTIVATION; COMPLEX; CLONING AB Transgenic approaches to combating fungal pathogens, such as Fusarium graminearum, require the targeting of antifungal gene expression in tissues of developing seed spikes of cereal grains, especially lemmas and epicarps. The Lem2 gene of barley encodes a lectin-like protein that is strongly up-regulated by salicylic acid and is preferentially expressed in lemmas, paleas (lemma/palea) and coleoptiles. Transient expression studies have indicated that the proximal -75/+70 region (relative to the transcription start site) determines organ specificity. In the present study, Golden Promise barley stably transformed with Morex Lem2 promoter/gfp reporter constructs displayed cell- and development-specific expression of gfp (green fluorescent protein gene). This expression corresponded to the expression seen in Northern blots of Morex organs. Under the full-length promoter, strong GFP fluorescence was observed in the lemma/palea, glumes, coleoptile, auricle and ligule. Weak GFP fluorescence was also observed in the rachis, tips of primary leaves and the leaf sheath. Unexpectedly, strong expression occurred in the epicarp, even though Lem2 is not expressed in this organ in Morex. Studies showed that the Lem2 promoter is more highly methylated in the epicarp than in the lemma of Morex. In the lemma/palea, gfp underwent a temporal shift in expression from the mesophyll to specialized epidermal cork cells. Similar to the lemma/palea, expression in the leaf sheath was localized in the cork cells. Progressive 5' deletions of the promoter to nucleotide -75 gradually reduced the level of gfp expression, but tissue- and cell-specific expression was retained. C1 ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Skadsen, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rskadsen@wisc.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00155.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 994KF UT WOS:000234030000005 PM 17177783 ER PT B AU Holland, JB AF Holland, J. B. BE Lamkey, KR Lee, M TI Theoretical and biological foundations of plant breeding SO PLANT BREEDING: ARNEL R HALLAUER INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Arnel Hallauer International Symposium on Plant Breeding CY AUG 17-22, 2003 CL Mexico City, MEXICO ID SYNTHETIC MAIZE POPULATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; RECURRENT SELECTION; REGULATORY NETWORKS; GENETIC VARIANCE; ZEA-MAYS; EPISTASIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROBABILITY; REDUNDANCY C1 [Holland, J. B.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 0-8138-2824-4 PY 2006 BP 127 EP + PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BEL80 UT WOS:000238039200009 ER PT B AU Darrigues, A Lamkey, KR Scott, MP AF Darrigues, Audrey Lamkey, Kendall R. Scott, M. Paul BE Lamkey, KR Lee, M TI Breeding for grain amino acid composition in maize SO PLANT BREEDING: ARNEL R HALLAUER INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Arnel Hallauer International Symposium on Plant Breeding CY AUG 17-22, 2003 CL Mexico City, MEXICO ID RECURRENT SELECTION; METHIONINE CONTENT; PROTEIN; GENE; POPULATIONS; ACCUMULATION; REGISTRATION; EXPRESSION; STRAINS; ENCODES C1 [Darrigues, Audrey; Lamkey, Kendall R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, M. Paul] USDA ARS, Com Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Darrigues, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 0-8138-2824-4 PY 2006 BP 335 EP + PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BEL80 UT WOS:000238039200024 ER PT S AU Gonsalves, D Vegas, A Prasartsee, V Drew, R Suzuki, JY Tripathi, S AF Gonsalves, Dennis Vegas, Ariadne Prasartsee, Vilai Drew, Rod Suzuki, Jon Y. Tripathi, Savarni BE Janick, J TI Developing Papaya to Control Papaya Ringspot Virus by Transgenic Resistance, Intergeneric Hybridization, and Tolerance Breeding SO PLANT BREEDING REVIEWS, VOL 26 SE Plant Breeding Reviews LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; MEDIATED TOSPOVIRUS RESISTANCE; YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; CARICA-PAPAYA; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; PLANT-REGENERATION; CROSS PROTECTION; FIELD-EVALUATION C1 [Gonsalves, Dennis; Suzuki, Jon Y.; Tripathi, Savarni] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Vegas, Ariadne] Ctr Nacl Invest Agropecuarias, Inst Nacl Invest Agr, Unidad Biotecnol Vegetal, Maracay 2101, Estado Aragna, Venezuela. [Prasartsee, Vilai] Off Agr Res & Dev, Hort Sect, Khon Kaen 40260, Thailand. [Drew, Rod] Griffith Univ, Sch Biomol & Biomed Sci, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. RP Gonsalves, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 99 Aupuni St,Suite 204, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM dgonsalves@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 103 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-2207 BN 978-0-470-65032-5 J9 PL BRED RE JI Plant Breed. Rev. PY 2006 VL 26 BP 35 EP 78 PG 44 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BYB31 UT WOS:000297810000002 ER PT S AU Ming, R Moore, PH Wu, KK D'Hont, A Glaszmann, JC Tew, TL Mirkov, TE da Silva, J Jifon, J Rai, M Schnell, RJ Brumbley, SM Lakshmanan, P Comstock, JC Paterson, AH AF Ming, Ray Moore, Paul H. Wu, Kuo-Kao D'Hont, Angelique Glaszmann, Jean C. Tew, Thomas L. Mirkov, T. Erik da Silva, Jorge Jifon, John Rai, Mamta Schnell, Raymond J. Brumbley, Stevens M. Lakshmanan, Prakash Comstock, Jack C. Paterson, Andrew H. BE Janick, J TI Sugarcane Improvement through Breeding and Biotechnology SO PLANT BREEDING REVIEWS, VOL 27 SE Plant Breeding Reviews LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; SACCHARUM-OFFICINARUM L.; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; MATURING INTERNODAL TISSUE; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS H16; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RUST RESISTANCE GENE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ZEA-MAYS L. C1 [Paterson, Andrew H.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Comstock, Jack C.] ARS, USDA, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Brumbley, Stevens M.; Lakshmanan, Prakash] BSES Ltd, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Schnell, Raymond J.] ARS, USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Mirkov, T. Erik; da Silva, Jorge; Jifon, John; Rai, Mamta] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Ming, Ray; Wu, Kuo-Kao] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Moore, Paul H.] ARS, USDA, PBARC, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [D'Hont, Angelique; Glaszmann, Jean C.] CIRAD, UMR1096, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Tew, Thomas L.] ARS, USDA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Paterson, AH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, 111 Riverbend Rd,Rm 228, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM paterson@plant-bio.uga.edu NR 344 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-2207 BN 978-0-470-65034-9; 978-0-471-73213-6 J9 PL BRED RE JI Plant Breed. Rev. PY 2006 VL 27 BP 15 EP 118 PG 104 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BYB46 UT WOS:000297816700002 ER PT S AU Howe, GT Jayawickrama, K Cherry, M Johnson, GR Wheeler, NC AF Howe, Glenn T. Jayawickrama, Keith Cherry, Marilyn Johnson, G. R. Wheeler, Nicholas C. BE Janick, J TI Breeding Douglas-fir SO PLANT BREEDING REVIEWS, VOL 27 SE Plant Breeding Reviews LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MENZIESII MIRB. FRANCO; CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; FALL COLD-HARDINESS; PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION; TREE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM; MARKER-AIDED SELECTION; VAR GLAUCA POPULATIONS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SEED-ORCHARD; GENETIC-VARIATION C1 [Howe, Glenn T.; Jayawickrama, Keith; Cherry, Marilyn] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, G. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Howe, GT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM glenn.howe@oregon-state.edu NR 268 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-2207 BN 978-0-470-65034-9 J9 PL BRED RE JI Plant Breed. Rev. PY 2006 VL 27 BP 245 EP 353 PG 109 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BYB46 UT WOS:000297816700006 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G Villalobos-Vega, R AF Domec, JC Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G Villalobos-Vega, R TI Diurnal and seasonal variation in root xylem embolism in neotropical savanna woody species: impact on stomatal control of plant water status SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cavitation; capacitance; hydraulic conductivity; water relations; xylem vulnerability ID LEAF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; SOIL-WATER; DOUGLAS-FIR; FUNCTIONAL CONVERGENCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; PREDAWN PLANT; CAVITATION; TREES; PRESSURE; TRANSPORT AB Vulnerability to water-stress-induced embolism and variation in the degree of native embolism were measured in lateral roots of four co-occurring neotropical savanna tree species. Root embolism varied diurnally and seasonally. Late in the dry season, loss of root xylem conductivity reached 80% in the afternoon when root water potential (Psi(root)) was about -2.6 MPa, and recovered to 25-40% loss of conductivity in the morning when Psi(root) was about -1.0 MPa. Daily variation in Psi(root) decreased, and root xylem vulnerability and capacitance increased with rooting depth. However, all species experienced seasonal minimum Psi(root) close to complete hydraulic failure independent of their rooting depth or resistance to embolism. Predawn Psi(root) was lower than Psi(soil) when Psi(soil) was relatively high (>-0.7 MPa) but became less negative than Psi(soil) later in the dry season, consistent with a transition from a disequilibrium between plant and soil Psi induced by nocturnal transpiration to one induced by hydraulic redistribution of water from deeper soil layers. Shallow longitudinal root incisions external to the xylem prevented reversal of embolism overnight, suggesting that root mechanical integrity was necessary for recovery, consistent with the hypothesis that if embolism is a function of tension, refilling may be a function of internal pressure imbalances. All species shared a common relationship in which maximum daily stomatal conductance declined linearly with increasing afternoon loss of root conductivity over the course of the dry season. Daily embolism and refilling in roots is a common occurrence and thus may be an inherent component of a hydraulic signaling mechanism enabling stomata to maintain the integrity of the hydraulic pipeline in long-lived structures such as stems. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Func, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jc.domec@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 52 TC 108 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01397.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991JA UT WOS:000233808100003 PM 17086750 ER PT J AU Ahn, YJ Zimmerman, JL AF Ahn, YJ Zimmerman, JL TI Introduction of the carrot HSP17.7 into potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) enhances cellular membrane stability and tuberization in vitro SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE genetic transformation; heat shock protein; heat stress; thermotolerance ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; INVITRO TUBERIZATION; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; STRESS TOLERANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; THERMOTOLERANCE; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION AB We have examined the ability of a carrot (Daucus carota L.) heat shock protein gene encoding HSP17.7 (DcHSP17.7) to confer enhanced heat tolerance to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a cool-season crop. The DcHSP17.7 gene was fused to a 6XHistidine (His) tag to distinguish the engineered protein from endogenous potato proteins and was introduced into the potato cultivar 'Desiree' under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Western analysis showed that engineered DcHSP17.7 was constitutively, but not abundantly, expressed in transgenic potato lines before heat stress. Leaves from multiple regenerated potato lines that contain the transgene exhibited significantly improved cellular membrane stability at high temperatures, compared with wild-type and vector control plants. Transgenic potato lines also exhibited enhanced tuberization in vitro: under a condition of constant heat stress, at 29 degrees C, nodal sections of the transgenic lines produced larger and heavier microtubers at higher rates, compared to the wild type and vector controls. The dry weight and percentages of microtubers that were longer than 5 mm were up to three times higher in the transgenic lines. Our results suggest that constitutive expression of carrot HSP17.7 can enhance thermotolerance in transgenic potato plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows that the thermotolerance of potato can be enhanced through gene transfer. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM yjahn@pw.usda.gov NR 44 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01403.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991JA UT WOS:000233808100009 PM 17086756 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Domec, JC Gartner, BL Warren, JM Woodruff, DR Bible, K Shaw, DC AF Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Domec, JC Gartner, BL Warren, JM Woodruff, DR Bible, K Shaw, DC TI Dynamics of water transport and storage in conifers studied with deuterium and heat tracing techniques SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; Tsuga heterophylla; capacitance; sap velocity; stable isotopes ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS TREES; SAP FLOW; TROPICAL FOREST; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; STORED WATER; PULSE METHOD AB The volume and complexity of their vascular systems make the dynamics of long-distance water transport in large trees difficult to study. We used heat and deuterated water (D2O) as tracers to characterize whole-tree water transport and storage properties in individual trees belonging to the coniferous species Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. The trees used in this study spanned a broad range of height (13.5-58 m) and diameter (0.14-1.43 m). Sap flow was monitored continuously with heat dissipation probes near the base of the trunk prior to, during and following injection of D2O. The transit time for D2O transport from the base of the trunk to the upper crown and the tracer residence time were determined by measuring hydrogen isotope ratios in water extracted from leaves sampled at regular intervals. Transit times for arrival of D2O in the upper crown ranged from 2.5 to 21 d and residence times ranged from 36 to 79 d. Estimates of maximum sap velocity derived from tracer transit times and path length ranged from 2.4 to 5.4 m d(-1). Tracer residence time and half-life increased as tree diameter increased, independent of species. Species-independent scaling of tracer velocity with sapwood-specific conductivity was also observed. When data from this study were combined with similar data from an earlier study of four tropical angiosperm trees, species-independent scaling of tracer velocity and residence time with sapwood hydraulic capacitance was observed. Sapwood capacitance is an intrinsic tissue-level property that appears to govern whole-tree water transport in a similar manner among both tracheid- and vessel-bearing species. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Wind River Canopy Crane Res Facil, Carson, WA 98610 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 43 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01404.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991JA UT WOS:000233808100010 PM 17086757 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Meinzer, FC Warren, JM Domec, JC Coulombe, R AF Brooks, JR Meinzer, FC Warren, JM Domec, JC Coulombe, R TI Hydraulic redistribution in a Douglas-fir forest: lessons from system manipulations SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; deuterium labelling; hydraulic lift; seasonal variation; soil water utilization; soil water potential; trenching; water transport ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; SOIL-WATER; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; PONDEROSA PINE; PREDAWN PLANT; DEEP ROOTS; SAP FLOW; LIFT; PATTERNS AB Hydraulic redistribution (HR) occurs in many ecosystems; however, key questions remain about its consequences at the ecosystem level. The objectives of the present study were to quantify seasonal variation in HR and its driving force, and to manipulate the soil-root system to elucidate physiological components controlling HR and utilization of redistributed water. In the upper soil layer of a young Douglas-fir forest, HR was negligible in early summer, but increased to 0.17 mm day(-1) (20-60 cm layer) by late August when soil water potential was approximately -1 MPa. When maximum HR rates were observed, redistributed water replenished approximately 40% of the water depleted from the upper soil on a daily basis. Manipulations to the soil or to the soil/plant water potential driving force altered the rate of observed HR indicating that the rate of HR is controlled by a complex interplay between competing soil and plant water potential gradients and pathway resistances. Separating roots from the transpiring tree resulted in increased HR, and sap flow measurements on connected and disconnected roots showed reversal of water flow, a prerequisite for HR. Irrigating a small plot with deuterated water demonstrated that redistributed water was taken up by small understorey plants as far as 5 m from the watering source, and potentially further, but the utilization pattern was patchy. HR in the upper soil layers near the watering plot was twice that of the control HR. This increase in HR also increased the amount of water utilized by plants from the upper soil. These results indicate that the seasonal timing and magnitude of HR was strongly governed by the development of water potential differences within the soil, and the competing demand for water by the above ground portion of the tree. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, KNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 NR 47 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 138 EP 150 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01409.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991JA UT WOS:000233808100013 PM 17086760 ER PT J AU Suarez, IE Schnell, RA Kuhn, DN Litz, RE AF Suarez, IE Schnell, RA Kuhn, DN Litz, RE TI Recovery and indexing of avocado plants (Persea americana) from embryogenic nucellar cultures of an avocado sunblotch viroid-infected tree SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE avocado; ASBVd; in vitro; nucellus; RT-PCR; somatic embryo ID CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN; POLARITY STRANDS; SEQUENCE; GENE; RNA; HYBRIDIZATION; REPLICATION; VARIANTS; SPINACH AB Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) plants were recovered from somatic embryos derived from the nucellus of an avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd)-infected tree ('Vero Beach' SE2). Embryogenic cultures were induced on semi solid medium consisting of B5 major salts, MS minor salts and organics, 45 g sucrose and 0.41 mu M picloram, and were maintained as suspension cultures in MS3:1N medium (MS containing 12 mg l(-1) NH4NO3, 30.3 mg l(-1) KNO3, 0.41 mu M picloram and (in mg l(-1)) thiamine HCl, (0.4), myo-inositol (100), and sucrose (45,000). Somatic embryos developed on semi solid MS medium without growth regulators. Plants were recovered from mature somatic embryos on semi solid MS supplemented with 4.44 mu M BA and 2.89 mu M GA(3), and thereafter were maintained on semi solid MS basal medium. RT-PCR indexing of embryogenic cultures, somatic embryos and leaf tissue of regenerants demonstrated that all developmental stages were ASBVd-positive. Variation in the viroid increased with developmental stage. Five ASBVd variants were isolated from embryogenic cultures, five ASBVd variants were isolated from somatic embryos and 33 ASBVd variants were isolated from leaves of regenerated plants. Nucellar culture cannot be considered a strategy for elimination of ASBVd from infected elite avocado material, and appears to stimulate variation in the viroid. C1 Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL USA. USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Litz, RE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, 18905 SW 280 St, Homestead, FL USA. EM rel@ifas.ufl.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s11240-005-7532-1 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 026VP UT WOS:000236371200003 ER PT J AU Rush, CM Liu, HY Lewellen, RT Acosta-Leal, R AF Rush, CM Liu, HY Lewellen, RT Acosta-Leal, R TI The continuing saga of rhizomania of sugar beets in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NECROTIC-YELLOW-VEIN; SOILBORNE-MOSAIC-VIRUS; RESISTANCE-BREAKING; PLANT-VIRUSES; BETA-MARITIMA; PCR PRODUCTS; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; GENE; ROOT C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. RP Rush, CM (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX USA. EM em-rush@tamu.edu NR 76 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0004 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996FO UT WOS:000234160000001 ER PT J AU Keith, LM Velasquez, ME Zee, FT AF Keith, LM Velasquez, ME Zee, FT TI Identification and characterization of Pestalotiopsis spp. causing scab disease of Guava, Psidium guajava, in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID 1ST REPORT; PLANTS; RESISTANCE; TEA AB Guava is one of the most widely grown plants in the tropics; however, it is affected by many fruit rot diseases. Fruit diseases decrease the marketability of fresh fruit and fruit for processing. A survey of scab disease was conducted at the USDA/ARS Tropical Plant Genetic Resource Management Unit in Hilo, HI, where more than 50 accessions of guava are grown. Symptoms observed were gray/light brown lesions surrounded by dark brown borders on leaves and brown, raised, corky, necrotic lesions on the exocarp of fruit which progressed as the fruits matured. Seventeen isolates from infected fruit, Six isolates from lesions on leaves, and nine isolates from additional crops surrounding the guava trees were collected. The main fungi consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves and fruit were Pestalotiopsis spp. Morphology, colony characteristics, and pathogenicity of the isolates were examined and potential sources of host resistance were identified for germplasm characterization studies. Molecular methods were used to identify four Pestalotiopsis taxa (P. clavispora, P. microspora, P. sp. GJ-1, and P. disseminata) on guava in Hawaii. To our knowledge, this is the first report of traditional and Molecular methods of identification and characterization being used for fungal pathogens of guava in Hawaii. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Keith, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM lkeith@pbarc.ars.usda.edu NR 40 TC 41 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0016 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996FO UT WOS:000234160000002 ER PT J AU Schwingle, BW Smith, JA Blanchette, RA Gould, S Blanchette, BL Pokorny, J Cohen, SD AF Schwingle, BW Smith, JA Blanchette, RA Gould, S Blanchette, BL Pokorny, J Cohen, SD TI First report of dieback and leaf lesions on Rhododendron sp caused by Phytophthora hedraiandra in the United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Privat Forestry, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPD, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Schwingle, BW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 109 EP 109 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0109A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996FO UT WOS:000234160000022 ER PT J AU Mullen, JM Sikora, EJ McKenny, JM Palm, ME AF Mullen, JM Sikora, EJ McKenny, JM Palm, ME TI First report of Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean in Alabama. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, NIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,NPGBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mullen, JM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 112 EP 112 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0112C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996FO UT WOS:000234160000033 ER PT J AU Reszka, E Arseniuk, E Maikus, A Chung, KR O'Neill, NR Song, QJ Ueng, PP AF Reszka, E Arseniuk, E Maikus, A Chung, KR O'Neill, NR Song, QJ Ueng, PP TI A new biotype of Phaeosphaeria sp of uncertain affinity causing Stagonospora leaf blotch disease in cereals in Poland. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID AVENARIA; NODORUM; GENE C1 Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reszka, E (reprint author), Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 113 EP 113 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0113B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996FO UT WOS:000234160000035 ER PT J AU Wanyera, R Kinyua, MG Jin, Y Singh, RP AF Wanyera, R Kinyua, MG Jin, Y Singh, RP TI The spread of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici, with virulence on Sr31 in wheat in Eastern Africa. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Kenya Agr Res Inst, Natl Plant Breeding Res Ctr, Njoro, Kenya. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Wanyera, R (reprint author), Kenya Agr Res Inst, Natl Plant Breeding Res Ctr, Njoro, Kenya. NR 3 TC 93 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 113 EP 113 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0113A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996FO UT WOS:000234160000034 ER PT J AU Chen, W Schatz, B Henson, B Mcphee, KE Muehlbauer, RJ AF Chen, W Schatz, B Henson, B Mcphee, KE Muehlbauer, RJ TI First report of Sclerotinia stem rot of chickpea caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in North Dakota and Washington. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Carrington Res Extens Ctr, Carrington, ND 58421 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 114 EP 114 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0114A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996FO UT WOS:000234160000037 ER PT J AU Rustad, LE AF Rustad, Lindsey E. TI From transient to steady-state response of ecosystems to atmospheric CO2-enrichment and global climate change: Conceptual challenges and need for an integrated approach SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Climate change; CO2-enrichment; ecosystem modeling; global change; temporal scaling ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LONG-TERM; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SOIL RESPIRATION; LEAF RESPIRATION; GROWTH-RESPONSE; TEMPERATURE-ACCLIMATION AB Evidence continues to accumulate that humans are significantly increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, resulting in unprecedented changes in the global climate system. Experimental manipulations of terrestrial ecosystems and their components have greatly increased our understanding of short-term responses to these global perturbations and have provided valuable input to ecosystem, dynamic vegetation, and global scale models. However, concerns exist that these initial experimental responses may be transitory, thereby limiting our ability to extrapolate short-term experimental responses to infer longer-term effects. To do these extrapolations, it will be necessary to understand changes in response patterns over time, including alterations in the magnitude, direction, and rate of change of the responses. These issues represent one of our largest challenges in accurately predicting longer-term changes in ecosystems and associated feedbacks to the climate system. Key issues that need to be considered when designing future experiments or refining models include: linear vs. non-linear responses, direct vs. indirect effects, lags in response, acclimation, resource limitation, homeostasis, buffers, thresholds, ecosystem stoichiometry, turnover rates and times, and alterations in species composition. Although experimental and landscape evidence for these response patterns exist, extrapolating longer-term response patterns from short-term experiments will ultimately require a unified multidisciplinary approach, including better communication and collaboration between theoreticists, experimentalists and modelers. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Rustad, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rustad@maine.edu NR 151 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s11258-005-9030-2 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 053ZF UT WOS:000238344200004 ER PT J AU Porch, TG Tseung, CW Schmelz, EA Settles, AM AF Porch, TG Tseung, CW Schmelz, EA Settles, AM TI The maize Viviparous10/Viviparous13 locus encodes the Cnx1 gene required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE abscisic acid; MoCo; seed dormancy; transposon; viviparous ID REDUCTASE-DEFICIENT MUTANTS; ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; ZEA-MAYS L.; NITRATE REDUCTASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ALDEHYDE OXIDASE; NICOTIANA-PLUMBAGINIFOLIA; SEED DEVELOPMENT AB Abscisic acid (ABA), auxin and nitrate are important signaling molecules that affect plant growth responses to the environment. The synthesis or metabolism of these compounds depends on the molybdenum cofactor (MoCo). We show that maize (Zea mays) viviparous10 (vp10) mutants have strong precocious germination and seedling lethal phenotypes that cannot be rescued with tissue culture. We devised a novel PCR-based method to clone a transposon-tagged allele of vp10, and show that Vp10 encodes the ortholog of Cnx1, which catalyzes the final common step of MoCo synthesis. The seedling phenotype of vp10 mutants is consistent with disruptions in ABA and auxin biosynthesis, as well as a disruption in nitrate metabolism. Levels of ABA and auxin are reduced in vp10 mutants, and vp10 seedlings lack MoCo-dependent enzyme activities that are repairable with exogenous molybdenum. vp10 and an Arabidopsis cnx1 mutant, chlorate6 (chl6), have similar defects in aldehyde oxidase (AO) enzyme activity, which is required for ABA synthesis. Surprisingly, chl6 mutants do not show defects in abiotic stress responses. These observations confirm an orthologous function for Cnx1 and Vp10, as well as defining a characteristic viviparous phenotype to identify other maize cnx mutants. Finally, the vp10 mutant phenotype suggests that cnx mutants can have auxin- as well as ABA-biosynthesis defects, while the chl6 mutant phenotype suggests that low levels of AO activity are sufficient for normal abiotic stress responses. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Settles, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM amsettles@ifas.ufl.edu OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X; Settles, A. Mark/0000-0002-5846-0996 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 250 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02621.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 995UL UT WOS:000234129600009 PM 16367968 ER PT J AU Suzuki, M Settles, AM Tseung, CW Li, QB Latshaw, S Wu, S Porch, TG Schmelz, EA James, MG McCarty, DR AF Suzuki, M Settles, AM Tseung, CW Li, QB Latshaw, S Wu, S Porch, TG Schmelz, EA James, MG McCarty, DR TI The maize viviparous15 locus encodes the molybdopterin synthase small subunit SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MoCo; MuTAIL; seed development; transposon; viviparous ID ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE; ALDEHYDE OXIDASE; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SEED DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC-CONTROL; MUTANTS AB A new Zea mays viviparous seed mutant, viviparous15 (vp15), was isolated from the UniformMu transposon-tagging population. In addition to precocious germination, vp15 has an early seedling lethal phenotype. Biochemical analysis showed reduced activities of several enzymes that require molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) in vp15 mutant seedlings. Because MoCo is required for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, the viviparous phenotype is probably caused by ABA deficiency. We cloned the vp15 mutant using a novel high-throughput strategy for analysis of high-copy Mu lines: We used MuTAIL PCR to extract genomic sequences flanking the Mu transposons in the vp15 line. The Mu insertions specific to the vp15 line were identified by in silico subtraction using a database of MuTAIL sequences from 90 UniformMu lines. Annotation of the vp15-specific sequences revealed a Mu insertion in a gene homologous to human MOCS2A, the small subunit of molybdopterin (MPT) synthase. Molecular analysis of two allelic mutations confirmed that Vp15 encodes a plant MPT synthase small subunit (ZmCNX7). Our results, and a related paper reporting the cloning of maize viviparous10, demonstrate robust cloning strategies based on MuTAIL-PCR. The Vp15/CNX7, together with other CNX genes, is expressed in both embryo and endosperm during seed maturation. Expression of Vp15 appears to be regulated independently of MoCo biosynthesis. Comparisons of Vp15 loci in genomes of three cereals and Arabidopsis thaliana identified a conserved sequence element in the 5'untranslated region as well as a micro-synteny among the cereals. C1 Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Suzuki, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM msuzuki@mail.ifas.ufl.edu OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X; Settles, A. Mark/0000-0002-5846-0996 NR 51 TC 18 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 264 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02620.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 995UL UT WOS:000234129600010 PM 16367969 ER PT J AU Shopinski, KL Iqbal, MJ Shultz, JL Jayaraman, D Lightfoot, DA AF Shopinski, Kay L. Iqbal, Muhammad J. Shultz, Jeffry L. Jayaraman, Dheepakkumaran Lightfoot, David A. TI Development of a pooled probe method for locating small gene families in a physical map of soybean using stress related paralogues and a BAC minimum tile path SO PLANT METHODS LA English DT Article AB Background: Genome analysis of soybean (Glycine max L.) has been complicated by its paleo-autopolyploid nature and conserved homeologous regions. Landmarks of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) located within a minimum tile path (MTP) of contiguous (contig) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones or radiation hybrid set can identify stress and defense related gene rich regions in the genome. A physical map of about 2,800 contigs and MTPs of 8,064 BAC clones encompass the soybean genome. That genome is being sequenced by whole genome shotgun methods so that reliable estimates of gene family size and gene locations will provide a useful tool for finishing. The aims here were to develop methods to anchor plant defense- and stress-related gene paralogues on the MTP derived from the soybean physical map, to identify gene rich regions and to correlate those with QTL for disease resistance. Results: The probes included 143 ESTs from a root library selected by subtractive hybridization from a multiply disease resistant soybean cultivar 'Forrest' 14 days after inoculation with Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (F. virguliforme). Another 166 probes were chosen from a root EST library (Gm-r1021) prepared from a non-inoculated soybean cultivar 'Williams 82' based on their homology to the known defense and stress related genes. Twelve and thirteen pooled EST probes were hybridized to high-density colony arrays of MTP BAC clones from the cv. 'Forrest' genome. The EST pools located 613 paralogues for 201 of the 309 probes used (range 1-13 per functional probe). One hundred BAC clones contained more than one kind of paralogue. Many more BACs (246) contained a single paralogue of one of the 201 probes detectable gene families. ESTs were anchored on soybean linkage groups A1, B1, C2, E, D1a+Q, G, I, M, H, and O. Conclusion: Estimates of gene family sizes were more similar to those made by Southern hybridization than by bioinformatics inferences from EST collections. When compared to Arabidopsis thaliana there were more 2 and 4 member paralogue families reflecting the diploidized-tetraploid nature of the soybean genome. However there were fewer families with 5 or more genes and the same number of single genes. Therefore the method can identify evolutionary patterns such as massively extensive selective gene loss or rapid divergence to regenerate the unique genes in some families. C1 [Shopinski, Kay L.; Shultz, Jeffry L.; Jayaraman, Dheepakkumaran; Lightfoot, David A.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Iqbal, Muhammad J.] IALR, ISRR, Danville, VA 24540 USA. [Shopinski, Kay L.] USDA, Dept Plant Mol Biol, Peoria, IL USA. [Shultz, Jeffry L.] USDA, Dept Soybean Genet, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lightfoot, DA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Room 176,Agr Bldg,MC 4415, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM shopinskik@ncaur.usda.gov; Muhammad.Iqbal@ialr.org; jshultz@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; gurunama@siu.edu; ga4082@siu.edu OI Lightfoot, David/0000-0002-5725-4381 FU United Soybean Board [2228, 3218]; National Science Foundation [9872635] FX The research was funded in part by grants from United Soybean Board to MJI and DAL projects 2228 and 3218. Any opinions and findings were of authors and USB is not responsible for the contents. Authors also thank A. J. Afzal and Rubina Ahsan for technical assistance in the project. The physical map was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9872635. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The continued support of SIUC, College of Agriculture and Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research to JI, JA and DAL was appreciated. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-4811 J9 PLANT METHODS JI Plant Methods PY 2006 VL 2 AR 20 DI 10.1186/1746-4811-2-20 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA V23NN UT WOS:000208349600020 PM 17156445 ER PT J AU Shultz, JL Yesudas, C Yaegashi, S Afzal, AJ Kazi, S Lightfoot, DA AF Shultz, J. L. Yesudas, C. Yaegashi, S. Afzal, A. J. Kazi, S. Lightfoot, D. A. TI Three minimum tile paths from bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of the soybean (Glycine max cv. 'Forrest'): tools for structural and functional genomics SO PLANT METHODS LA English DT Article AB Background: The creation of minimally redundant tile paths (hereafter MTP) from contiguous sets of overlapping clones (hereafter contigs) in physical maps is a critical step for structural and functional genomics. Build 4 of the physical map of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. 'Forrest') showed the 1 Gbp haploid genome was composed of 0.7 Gbp diploid, 0.1 Gbp tetraploid and 0.2 Gbp octoploid regions. Therefore, the size of the unique genome was about 0.8 Gbp. The aim here was to create MTP sub-libraries from the soybean cv. Forrest physical map builds 2 to 4. Results: The first MTP, named MTP2, was 14,208 clones (of mean insert size 140 kbp) picked from the 5,597 contigs of build 2. MTP2 was constructed from three BAC libraries (BamHI (B), HindIII (H) and EcoRI (E) inserts). MTP2 encompassed the contigs of build 3 that derived from build 2 by a series of contig merges. MTP2 encompassed 2 Gbp compared to the soybean haploid genome of 1 Gbp and does not distinguish regions by ploidy. The second and third MTPs, called MTP4BH and MTP4E, were each based on build 4. Each was semi-automatically selected from 2,854 contigs. MTP4BH was 4,608 B and H insert clones of mean size 173 kbp in the large (27.6 kbp) T-DNA vector pCLD04541. MTP4BH was suitable for plant transformation and functional genomics. MTP4E was 4,608 BAC clones with large inserts (mean 175 kbp) in the small (7.5 kbp) pECBAC1 vector. MTP4E was suitable for DNA sequencing. MTP4BH and MTP4E clones each encompassed about 0.8 Gbp, the 0.7 Gbp diploid regions and 0.05 Gbp each from the tetraploid and octoploid regions. MTP2 and MTP4BH were used for BAC-end sequencing, EST integration, micro-satellite integration into the physical map and high information content fingerprinting. MTP4E will be used for genome sequence by pooled genomic clone index. Conclusion: Each MTP and associated BES will be useful to deconvolute and ultimately finish the whole genome shotgun sequence of soybean. C1 [Shultz, J. L.; Yesudas, C.; Afzal, A. J.; Lightfoot, D. A.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Excellence Soybean Res, Genom & Biotechnol Facil, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Shultz, J. L.; Yaegashi, S.] USDA, Dept Soybean Genet, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Yaegashi, S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Bioinformat, Tokyo, Japan. RP Lightfoot, DA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Ctr Excellence Soybean Res, Genom & Biotechnol Facil, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM jshultz@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; zionita@siu.edu; sy59@hotmail.com; ajafzal@siu.edu; samreenk@siu.edu; ga4082@siu.edu OI Lightfoot, David/0000-0002-5725-4381 FU NSF [9872635]; ISPOB [95-122-04, 98-122-02, 02-127-03]; USB [2228-6228] FX This research was funded in part by grants from the NSF 9872635, ISPOB 95-122-04; 98-122-02 and 02-127-03 and USB 2228-6228. The physical map was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9872635. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The continued support of SIUC, College of Agriculture and Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research to JA, SK and DAL is appreciated. The authors thank Dr. M. C. Luo as well as Dr. Q. Tao Dr. C. Wu and Dr, H. B. Zhang for assistance with fingerprinting. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-4811 J9 PLANT METHODS JI Plant Methods PY 2006 VL 2 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1746-4811-2-9 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA V23NN UT WOS:000208349600009 PM 16725032 ER PT J AU Yang, XH Scheffler, BE Weston, LA AF Yang, Xiaohan Scheffler, Brian E. Weston, Leslie A. TI Recent developments in primer design for DNA polymorphism and mRNA profiling in higher plants SO PLANT METHODS LA English DT Review AB Primer design is a critical step in the application of PCR-based technologies in gene expression and genetic diversity analysis. As more plant genomes have been sequenced in recent years, the emphasis of primer design strategy has shifted to genome-wide and high-throughput direction. This paper summarizes recent advances in primer design for profiling of DNA polymorphism and mRNA in higher plants, as well as new primer systems developed for animals that can be adapted for plants. C1 [Yang, Xiaohan; Weston, Leslie A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yang, Xiaohan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS CGRU, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Yang, XH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM xyang6@utk.edu; bscheffler@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; law20@cornell.edu RI Yang, Xiaohan/A-6975-2011; Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015; OI Yang, Xiaohan/0000-0001-5207-4210; Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-4811 J9 PLANT METHODS JI Plant Methods PY 2006 VL 2 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1746-4811-2-4 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA V23NN UT WOS:000208349600004 PM 16509990 ER PT J AU Robinson, AF Perry, RN AF Robinson, A. Forest Perry, Roland N. BE Perry, RN Moens, M TI Behaviour and Sensory Perception SO PLANT NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Robinson, A. Forest] USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Perry, Roland N.] Rothamsted Res, Plant Pathogen Interact Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Perry, Roland N.] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Robinson, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM frobinson@cpru.usda.gov; roland.perry@bbsrc.ac.uk; roland.perry@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 0 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-056-1 PY 2006 BP 210 EP 233 DI 10.1079/9781845930561.0210 D2 10.1079/9781845930561.0000 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Parasitology SC Plant Sciences; Parasitology GA BVW88 UT WOS:000293005700011 ER PT J AU Hockland, S Inserra, RN Millar, L Lehman, PS AF Hockland, Sue Inserra, Renato N. Millar, Leah Lehman, Paul S. BE Perry, RN Moens, M TI International Plant Health - Putting Legislation into Practice SO PLANT NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hockland, Sue] Cent Sci Lab, Plant Hlth Grp, Pest & Dis Identificat Team, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Inserra, Renato N.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Millar, Leah] USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Lehman, Paul S.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Boswell, PA 15531 USA. RP Hockland, S (reprint author), Cent Sci Lab, Plant Hlth Grp, Pest & Dis Identificat Team, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. EM s.hockland@csl.gov.uk; inserrr@doacs.state.fl.us; leah.c.millar@aphis.usda.gov; paul-marylehman@earthlink.net NR 0 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-056-1 PY 2006 BP 327 EP 345 DI 10.1079/9781845930561.0327 D2 10.1079/9781845930561.0000 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Parasitology SC Plant Sciences; Parasitology GA BVW88 UT WOS:000293005700017 ER PT J AU Lohar, DP Sharopova, N Endre, G Penuela, S Samac, D Town, C Silverstein, KAT VandenBosch, KA AF Lohar, DP Sharopova, N Endre, G Penuela, S Samac, D Town, C Silverstein, KAT VandenBosch, KA TI Transcript analysis of early nodulation events in Medicago truncatula SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; GENE-EXPRESSION; NOD FACTORS; CALCIUM SPIKING; REACTIVE OXYGEN; ROOT HAIRS; TRANSGENIC ALFALFA; MICROARRAY DATA; PLANT DEFENSE; WHITE CLOVER AB Within the first 72 h of the interaction between rhizobia and their host plants, nodule primordium induction and infection occur. We predicted that transcription profiling of early stages of the symbiosis between Medicago truncatula roots and Sinorhizobium meliloti would identify regulated plant genes that likely condition key events in nodule initiation. Therefore, using a microarray with about 6,000 cDNAs, we compared transcripts from inoculated and uninoculated roots corresponding to defined stages between 1 and 72 h post inoculation (hpi). Hundreds of genes of both known and unknown function were significantly regulated at these time points. Four stages of the interaction were recognized based on gene expression profiles, and potential marker genes for these stages were identified. Some genes that were regulated differentially during stages I (1 hpi) and II (6 - 12 hpi) of the interaction belong to families encoding proteins involved in calcium transport and binding, reactive oxygen metabolism, and cytoskeleton and cell wall functions. Genes involved in cell proliferation were found to be upregulated during stages III (24 - 48 hpi) and IV (72 hpi). Many genes that are homologs of defense response genes were upregulated during stage I but down-regulated later, likely facilitating infection thread progression into the root cortex. Additionally, genes putatively involved in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation were found to be differentially regulated in the inoculated roots at each time point. The findings shed light on the complexity of coordinated gene regulation and will be useful for continued dissection of the early steps in symbiosis. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Microbial & Plant Genom Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Genet, Biol Res Ctr, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP VandenBosch, KA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vande102@umn.edu RI Penuela, Silvia/A-6961-2010 OI Penuela, Silvia/0000-0003-4829-5517 NR 81 TC 142 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 140 IS 1 BP 221 EP 234 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 000WC UT WOS:000234492100021 PM 16377745 ER PT J AU Maul, P Bausher, M McCollum, G Mozoruk, J Niedz, R AF Maul, P Bausher, M McCollum, G Mozoruk, J Niedz, R TI CsHPt1, a putative histidine-containing phosphotransmitter protein induced during early somatic embryogenesis in Valencia sweet orange SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrus sinensis; somatic embryogenesis; differential display; histidine-containing phosphotransmitter protein; signal transduction ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT EMBRYOGENESIS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ASP PHOSPHORELAY; CALLUS-CULTURES; NUCELLAR CALLUS; CITRUS-CALLUS; HPT DOMAIN; ARABIDOPSIS AB A cDNA named CsHPt1 (for Citrus sinensis histidine phosphotransmitter protein I) containing a conserved domain characteristic of a two-component phosphorelay intermediate associated with signal transduction mechanisms, was isolated from globular embryos of C. sinensis sweet orange cv. 'Valencia' by differential display RT-PCR. The corresponding full-length cDNA, subsequently obtained by RACE-PCR, is 772 bp with a 450 bp open reading frame encoding a 150 amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of CsHPt1 is approximately 60% similar to five AHP histidine-containing phosphotransmitter (HPt) proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and contains the 12 amino acid motif characteristic of all known HPt domains. RT-PCR analyses showed higher CsHPt1 transcript abundance in embryogenic callus when compared to non-embryogenic callus, leaves, phloem, roots, and flavedo (rind). Immature fruits and mature flowers, both of which contain tissues with embryogenic potential, also showed increased CsHPt1 expression. Furthermore, CsHPt1 gene expression levels in globular embryos were higher than in embryogenic callus in three of the five cell lines we analyzed. Results of this study provide insight on signal transduction mechanisms that may be active during early plant embryogenesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bausher, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, USHRL, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM mbausher@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.07.024 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 984XN UT WOS:000233340800006 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, S Sardesai, N Puthoff, DP Meyer, JM Nemacheck, JA Gonzalo, M Williams, CE AF Subramanyam, S Sardesai, N Puthoff, DP Meyer, JM Nemacheck, JA Gonzalo, M Williams, CE TI Expression of two wheat defense-response genes, Hfr-1 and Wci-1, under biotic and abiotic stresses SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)]; Triticum aestivum L. em Thell; quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); methyl jasmonate (MeJa); lectin; resistance ID HESSIAN FLY DIPTERA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; PLANT DEFENSE; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; SALIVARY-GLANDS; SALICYLIC-ACID; JASMONIC ACID AB Wheat plants respond to attack by Hessian fly in a gene-for-gene manner resulting in either a compatible or an incompatible interaction depending on the genotype of the infesting larvae. We previously reported a Hessian fly-responsive wheat gene (Hfr-1), up-regulated during incompatible interactions, that showed high sequence identity to a wheat gene (Wci-1) known to be induced by benzothiadiazole (BTH). Here, we analyze the temporal expression of these genes under biotic (Hessian fly/aphid/virus) and abiotic (mechanical wounding/water-deficit) stresses, as well as during treatments with the global signaling molecules, salicylic acid (SA), BTH, methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and abscisic acid (ABA) using northern hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR. Virulent Hessian fly infestation increased the expression of both Hfr-1 and Wci-1 in the crown tissue, while low systemic induction was observed in the leaf blade tissue. Although both genes were up-regulated to higher levels during incompatible interactions in multiple wheat genotypes, Hfr-1 transcripts accumulated to a higher level than Wci-1 transcripts. In response to infestation by non-viruliferous and viruliferous bird cherry-oat aphids, Wci-1 was up-regulated, while Hfr-1 was not. SA and BTH treatments up-regulated both genes, whereas MeJa and ABA up-regulated only Wci-1. When leaves were mechanically wounded, Wci-1 mRNA was up-regulated but Hfr-1 was not, while water-deficit stress up-regulated Hfr-1, but not Wci-1. Our results show that despite high sequence identity, Hfr-1 and Wci-1 exhibit differential expression profiles in response to various stresses and are regulated through separate signaling pathways. Hfr-1 responds to defense mechanisms elicited by feeding of Hessian fly larvae and water stress, while Wci-1 shows characteristics of a general defense-response gene in most of the biotic and abiotic stresses we investigated. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cwilliams@purdue.edu NR 58 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1 BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.08.006 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 984XN UT WOS:000233340800011 ER PT S AU Gonsalves, D AF Gonsalves, Dennis BE Thresh, JM TI Transgenic papaya: Development, release, impact and challenges SO PLANT VIRUS EPIDEMIOLOGY SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID RINGSPOT-VIRUS; RESISTANCE; PROTECTION C1 USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Gonsalves, D (reprint author), USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 99 Aupuni St,Suite 204, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 0-12-039866-4 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2006 VL 67 BP 317 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)67009-7 PG 38 WC Virology SC Virology GA BFH01 UT WOS:000241822500009 PM 17027684 ER PT J AU Jesse, TW Pittenger-Alley, LG Englen, MD AF Jesse, TW Pittenger-Alley, LG Englen, MD TI Sequence analysis of two cryptic plasmids from an agricultural isolate of Campylobacter coli SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; plasmids; sequence ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; JEJUNI; IDENTIFICATION; PROFILES; SEARCH AB As part of a study identifying plasmids in Campylobacter, we isolated and sequenced two novel cryptic plasmids from an agricultural isolate of Campylobacter coli. The larger of the two plasmids, p3384, is 3316 by in length and has a G+C content of 31.18%. A typical origin of replication consisting of five iterons was observed directly upstream of the first of three putative ORFs. The smaller plasmid, p3386, is 2426 by in length and has a G+C content of 26.22%. Of the three putative ORFs detected on p3386, one shared homology with a putative protein from Campylobacter upsaliensis. The unique sequence of p3386 makes it attractive for further study concerning the evolutionary relationship of this plasmid to other Campylobacter plasmids, and to other Campylobacter isolates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Englen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM menglen@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JAN PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2005.06.001 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 001GJ UT WOS:000234521300006 PM 16120460 ER PT J AU Dardick, C Ronald, P AF Dardick, Christopher Ronald, Pamela TI Plant and animal pathogen recognition receptors signal through non-RD kinases SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Review AB Plants and animals mediate early steps of the innate immune response through pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs commonly associate with or contain members of a monophyletic group of kinases called the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family that include Drosophila Pelle, human IRAKs, rice XA21 and Arabidopsis FLS2. In mammals, PRRs can also associate with members of the receptor-interacting protein ( RIP) kinase family, distant relatives to the IRAK family. Some IRAK and RIP family kinases fall into a small functional class of kinases termed non-RD, many of which do not autophosphorylate the activation loop. We surveyed the yeast, fly, worm, human, Arabidopsis, and rice kinomes (3,723 kinases) and found that despite the small number of non-RD kinases in these genomes (9%-29%), 12 of 15 kinases known or predicted to function in PRR signaling fall into the non-RD class. These data indicate that kinases associated with PRRs can largely be predicted by the lack of a single conserved residue and reveal new potential plant PRR subfamilies. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dardick, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cdardick@afrs.ars.usda.gov; pcronald@ucdavis.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59962, K12 GM000679, K12GM00679] NR 0 TC 125 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 14 EP 28 AR e2 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020002 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA V42VD UT WOS:000202894100003 PM 16424920 ER PT B AU Offutt, S AF Offutt, Susan BE Blandford, D Hill, B TI Policy Reform and Adjustment in the Agricultural Sectors of Developed Countries Foreword SO POLICY REFORM AND ADJUSTMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Offutt, S (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-033-2 PY 2006 BP XVII EP XVIII PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWG42 UT WOS:000293845900001 ER PT J AU MacDonald, JM Hoppe, R Banker, D AF MacDonald, James M. Hoppe, Robert Banker, David BE Blandford, D Hill, B TI Structural Change in US Agriculture SO POLICY REFORM AND ADJUSTMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [MacDonald, James M.; Hoppe, Robert] Econ Res Serv, Agr Struct & Prod Branch, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP MacDonald, JM (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Agr Struct & Prod Branch, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-033-2 PY 2006 BP 23 EP 41 DI 10.1079/9781845930332.0023 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWG42 UT WOS:000293845900004 ER PT B AU Burfisher, ME Hanson, K Hopkins, J Somwaru, A AF Burfisher, Mary E. Hanson, Kenneth Hopkins, Jeffrey Somwaru, Agapi BE Blandford, D Hill, B TI Policy Reform and US Agricultural Adjustment Capacity SO POLICY REFORM AND ADJUSTMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burfisher, Mary E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hanson, Kenneth; Somwaru, Agapi] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Hopkins, Jeffrey] US House Representatives, Budget Comm, US Congress, Washington, DC 20515 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-033-2 PY 2006 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1079/9781845930332.0069 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWG42 UT WOS:000293845900007 ER PT B AU Dohlman, E Hoffman, L Young, E McBride, W AF Dohlman, Erik Hoffman, Linwood Young, Edwin McBride, William BE Blandford, D Hill, B TI The US Peanut Quota Buyout: Sectoral Adjustment to Policy Change Under the 2002 Farm Act SO POLICY REFORM AND ADJUSTMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dohlman, Erik; Hoffman, Linwood; Young, Edwin; McBride, William] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Dohlman, E (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-033-2 PY 2006 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1079/9781845930332.0175 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWG42 UT WOS:000293845900013 ER PT B AU Hopkins, J Morehart, M Johnson, J AF Hopkins, Jeffrey Morehart, Mitch Johnson, James BE Blandford, D Hill, B TI What Affects Farmers' Ability to Adjust: Evidence from the United States SO POLICY REFORM AND ADJUSTMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hopkins, Jeffrey] US House Representatives, Budget Comm, US Congress, Washington, DC 20515 USA. [Morehart, Mitch; Johnson, James] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Hopkins, J (reprint author), US House Representatives, Budget Comm, US Congress, Washington, DC 20515 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-033-2 PY 2006 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1079/9781845930332.0189 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWG42 UT WOS:000293845900014 ER PT S AU Breksa, AP Manners, GP Jacob, RA Hasegawa, S AF Breksa, Andrew P., III Manners, Gary P. Jacob, Robert A. Hasegawa, Shin BA Brodbelt, JS BF Brodbelt, JS BE Patil, BS Turner, ND Miller, EG TI Citrus limonoid bioavailability in humans SO POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS OF CITRUS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Fuel Chem Div, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Chem Div ID A-RING LACTONES; ORANGE JUICE; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INHIBITION; CARCINOGENESIS; RATS; INGESTION; MICE AB The absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of citrus limonoids in human subjects administered high doses of pure limonin glucoside has been reported (1). In this chapter, the results from this study are compared to the bioavailability results of other citrus secondary metabolites, and future research directions presented. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3957-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 936 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BFO81 UT WOS:000243504600007 ER PT S AU Manthey, JA Kurowska, EM AF Manthey, John A. Kurowska, Elzbieta M. BA Brodbelt, JS BF Brodbelt, JS BE Patil, BS Turner, ND Miller, EG TI Modulation of cholesterol and triacylglycerol biosynthesis by citrus polymethoxylated flavones - Cholesterol-lowering properties of citrus flavonoids SO POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS OF CITRUS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Fuel Chem Div, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Chem Div ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HEPATOCYTE APO-B; NARINGIN SUPPLEMENTATION; MOUSE MACROPHAGES; ALPHA EXPRESSION; ACETYLATED LDL; FED RATS; METABOLISM; ADENOSINE AB Citrus polymethoxylated flavones modulate the biosynthesis of cholesterol and triacylglycerols via multiple mechanisms. Tangeretin inhibits the activities of diacylglycerol acyltransferase and of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, as well as activates the membrane peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. These modulatory effects subsequently inhibit the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, such as the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Nobiletin, but not tangeretin, inhibited macrophage acetylated LDL metabolism linked to the action of the specific class A scavenger receptor. This inhibitory effect blocked the formation of macrophage foam-cells, which are essential to atherosclerotic plaque formation. In hamster feeding trials the polymethoxylated flavones dramatically lowered serum total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL cholesterol, as well as the levels of serum triacylglycerols. Total liver concentrations of tangeretin derivatives corresponded to hypolipidemic concentrations of intact tangeretin in earlier in vitro studies. If similar actions occur in humans, these compounds may be viable alternatives to the statin drugs to combat elevated cholesterol and triacylglycerols. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, SAA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, SAA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3957-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 936 BP 186 EP 198 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BFO81 UT WOS:000243504600014 ER PT J AU Hester, PY Alvarado, CZ Bilgili, SF Denton, JH Donoghue, AM Giesen, A Hargis, BM Kessler, JW Madison, FN Malone, GW Mavrolas, P Noll, SL Pescatore, AJ Ricks, CA Robinson, FE Shirley, RB Sifri, M Smith, MO Stonerock, RH Wilson, JL Wineland, MJ Beck, MM Saylor, WW AF Hester, PY Alvarado, CZ Bilgili, SF Denton, JH Donoghue, AM Giesen, A Hargis, BM Kessler, JW Madison, FN Malone, GW Mavrolas, P Noll, SL Pescatore, AJ Ricks, CA Robinson, FE Shirley, RB Sifri, M Smith, MO Stonerock, RH Wilson, JL Wineland, MJ Beck, MM Saylor, WW TI The 2006-2010 strategic plan for the Poultry Science Association SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Poultry Science Association; strategic plan 2006-2010 AB The Poultry Science Association (PSA) leadership has created its first comprehensive 5-year strategic plan (2006 to 2010) as a guide to the organization's growth and development. As societal concerns about animal agriculture increase and as changes in the poultry industry and in universities reduce the numbers of poultry scientists and thus membership in PSA, it became apparent that, to maintain relevance, the PSA needed to undertake a more rigorous and comprehensive review of its assets, areas of weakness, and reasons for being. The strategic planning process provided the lens for organizational analysis and planning. Our new mission for the PSA is to be a global scientific society dedicated to discovery and dissemination of knowledge, generated by poultry research that enhances human and animal health and well-being and provides for the ethical, sustainable production of food. The Association's vision is to be a preeminent global organization of poultry scientists and industry leaders, firmly grounded in scientific endeavors related to the biology and production of poultry. Increased membership diversity will be pursued by recruiting people of varied geographic, gender, cultural, and scientific backgrounds-including health and medicine-leading to a diverse leadership. The PSA will serve as the clearinghouse for poultry science information and provide through its Foundation significant financial support to students and young scientists engaged in poultry science research, teaching, and outreach education. The PSA, in partnership with the Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS), will be a highly credible, well-respected, powerful force that is able to influence policy makers at governmental levels for the benefit of animal agriculture by delivering sound scientific information. The strategic plan highlights strategic directions to be implemented as well as assessment of progress. It will take the vision, energy, and dedication of PSA leaders and members to ensure that the strategic plan is well implemented, monitored, and altered appropriately, keeping it a living plan of action. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA,ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Novus Int Inc, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. Poultry Sci Assoc, Savoy, IL 61874 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Inst Conservat Leadership, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Embrex Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Archer Daniels Midland Co, Anim Hlth Nutr, Quincy, IL 62301 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Akey Inc, Marysville, OH 43040 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30605 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Hester, PY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM phester@purdue.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 996RB UT WOS:000234190900001 ER PT J AU Lillehoj, H AF Lillehoj, H. TI Application of macrophage and intestinal cDNA microarrays to study innate mucosal immunity in avian coccidiosis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE coccidiosis; global gene expression; innate mucosal immunity C1 [Lillehoj, H.] USDA, Anim & Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600005 ER PT J AU Richards, MP AF Richards, M. P. TI Genetic mechanisms regulating feed intake, energy balance and body weight in poultry SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE feed intake; energy balance; gene expression C1 [Richards, M. P.] USDA ARS, ANRI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600004 ER PT J AU Reynnells, RD AF Reynnells, R. D. TI Washington update SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE recognition award; animal welfare; National Poultry Waste Management Symposium C1 [Reynnells, R. D.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600010 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Rosebrough, RW AF Mitchell, A. D. Rosebrough, R. W. TI Impact of dictary protein levels on growth and body composition of broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broilers; body composition; DXA C1 [Mitchell, A. D.; Rosebrough, R. W.] USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600021 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RV Mitchell, AD Russell, BA Poch, SM Richards, MP AF Rosebrough, R. V. Mitchell, A. D. Russell, B. A. Poch, S. M. Richards, M. P. TI An examination of the role of dietary protein in regulation metabolism during the broiler finisher period SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE metabolism; gene expression; finisher C1 [Rosebrough, R. V.; Mitchell, A. D.; Russell, B. A.; Poch, S. M.; Richards, M. P.] USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600026 ER PT J AU Angel, R Ward, N Mitchell, AD AF Angel, R. Ward, N. Mitchell, A. D. TI Effect of pelleting temperature and phytase type on phytase survivability and broiler performance SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE phytase; pelleting; broiler C1 [Angel, R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ward, N.] DSM Nutr Prod Inc, Parsippany, NJ USA. [Mitchell, A. D.] USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600029 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Donalson, LM Mitchell, AD Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kim, WK Donalson, LM Mitchell, AD Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Effects of alfalfa and fructooligosaccharide on molting parameters and bone qualities using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and conventional bone assays SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE skeletal quality; bone density; alfalfa; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; bone breaking strength ID DENSITY IN-VIVO; LAYING HENS; MINERAL DENSITY; LARGE-INTESTINE; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; DIETARY CALCIUM; EGG INDUSTRY; RATS; INDUCTION; FEED AB The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of alfalfa and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on molting performance and bone parameters compared with the conventional feed withdrawal molting procedure. A total of 36 Single Comb White Leghorn hens (84 wk of age) were used for this experiment. The hens were divided into 6 treatment groups with 6 birds per treatment: pretrial control (PC), full fed (FF), feed withdrawal (FW), 100% alfalfa (A100), A100 + 0.375% FOS (A100L), and A100 + 0.75% FOS (A100H). At the end of the 9-d molt period, hens were euthanized, and tibia and femurs were collected to evaluate bone qualities using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Instron (Model 1011 Instron Universal Testing Machine, Instron Corp., Canton. MA), and conventional bone assays. Egg production was recorded during the molting period to evaluate first day out of production, and ovary was also collected to measure ovary weight. Alfalfa molting diets had comparable molting parameters, such as percentage of BW loss, ovary weight, and first day out of egg production, to the conventional feed withdrawal molting procedure, and FOS supplementation did not have any detrimental effects on molting performance. Conventional bone assay and DXA results suggest that hens lose a considerable amount of bone minerals during a molting period. The tibia and femur bone strengths of the FF, FW, A100, and A100L hens were significantly lower than the PC hens, whereas hens fed A100H had similar tibia bone breaking strength to that of the PC hens. The bone parameters measured by conventional assays, bone breaking strength measured by Instron, and bone density and mineral content measured by DXA were highly correlated to each other. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 38 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 996RB UT WOS:000234190900003 PM 16493940 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Richardson, LJ Cason, JA Cox, NA AF Buhr, R. J. Richardson, L. J. Cason, J. A. Cox, N. A. TI Improving drag swab detection of Salmonella in broiler litter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella detection; litter sampling; drag swabs C1 [Buhr, R. J.; Richardson, L. J.; Cason, J. A.; Cox, N. A.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600055 ER PT J AU Lilburn, MS Mitchell, A Anderson, J AF Lilburn, M. S. Mitchell, A. Anderson, J. TI The relationship between growth of commercial toms and linear skeletal development SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE turkeys; femur; tibia C1 [Lilburn, M. S.; Anderson, J.] Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH USA. [Mitchell, A.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600092 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Kidd, MT Pharr, GT Dozier, WA Koutsos, EA AF Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Pharr, G. T. Dozier, W. A., III Koutsos, E. A. TI Immune, growth and carcass responses to dietary threonine of broilers raised in different litter conditions SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE litter; threonine; immunity C1 [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.; Pharr, G. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Koutsos, E. A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600096 ER PT J AU Sapp, RL Rekaya, R Wing, T AF Sapp, R. L. Rekaya, R. Wing, T. TI Joint analysis of health and production traits SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE body weight; breast meat; feed conversion C1 [Sapp, R. L.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT USA. [Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wing, T.] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600110 ER PT J AU Higgins, JP Higgins, SE Torres-Rodriguez, A Salvador, V Henderson, SN Wolfenden, AD Pixley, CM Donoghue, AM Tellez, G Bottje, WG Hargis, BM AF Higgins, J. P. Higgins, S. E. Torres-Rodriguez, A. Salvador, V. Henderson, S. N. Wolfenden, A. D. Pixley, C. M. Donoghue, A. M. Tellez, G. Bottje, W. G. Hargis, B. M. TI Use of a lactobacillus-based probiotic culture to reduce Salmonella in day of hatch broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE probiotic; Salmonella C1 [Higgins, J. P.; Higgins, S. E.; Torres-Rodriguez, A.; Salvador, V.; Henderson, S. N.; Wolfenden, A. D.; Pixley, C. M.; Tellez, G.; Bottje, W. G.; Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, USDA, PP&PSRU, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600116 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Vaughn, LE Moore, RW Gast, RK AF Holt, P. S. Vaughn, L. E. Moore, R. W. Gast, R. K. TI Comparison of S-enterica serovar Enteritidis levels in crops of fed or fasted infected liens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fasting; induced molt; Salmonella C1 [Holt, P. S.; Vaughn, L. E.; Moore, R. W.; Gast, R. K.] ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600119 ER PT J AU Park, SW Peebles, ED Branton, SL Kidd, MT Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD AF Park, S. W. Peebles, E. D. Branton, S. L. Kidd, M. T. Whitmarsh, S. K. Gerard, P. D. TI Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallispticum inoculation at twelve or twenty two weeks of age and diet supplementation on the digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial egg laying liens housed in a caged layer facility SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE layer; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; poultry fit C1 [Park, S. W.; Peebles, E. D.; Kidd, M. T.; Whitmarsh, S. K.; Gerard, P. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600120 ER PT J AU Viscione, KA Peebles, ED Branton, SL Vance, AM Whitmarsh, SK Keirs, RW Gerard, PD AF Viscione, K. A. Peebles, E. D. Branton, S. L. Vance, A. M. Whitmarsh, S. K. Keirs, R. W. Gerard, P. D. TI Effects of pre-lay 6/85 strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation on the digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial laying hens when given alone or in conjunction with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculations during lay SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE layer; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; reproductive organ C1 [Viscione, K. A.; Peebles, E. D.; Whitmarsh, S. K.; Keirs, R. W.; Gerard, P. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.; Vance, A. M.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600121 ER PT J AU Bakken, T Kang, SW Thayananuphat, A Proudman, JA El Halawani, ME AF Bakken, T. Kang, S. W. Thayananuphat, A. Proudman, J. A. El Halawani, M. E. TI Expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors in the hypothalamus during (he turkey reproductive cycle: Colocalization with tyrosine hvdroxylase SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE prolactin; 5-HT1A receptor; 5-HT2C receptor C1 [Bakken, T.; Kang, S. W.; Thayananuphat, A.; El Halawani, M. E.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Proudman, J. A.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600128 ER PT J AU Li, H Proudman, JA Kuenzel, WJ AF Li, H. Proudman, J. A. Kuenzel, W. J. TI Effect of sulfamethazine and photostimulation on gene expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and phosphodiesterase in the lateral septal organ (LSO) and pituitary gonadotropin content in the chick SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE encephalic photoreceptors; photoneuroendocrine system; real time PCR C1 [Li, H.; Kuenzel, W. J.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Proudman, J. A.] ARS, USDA, BGPL, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600134 ER PT J AU Kannan, L Liyanage, R Lay, J Rath, N AF Kannan, L. Liyanage, R. Lay, J. Rath, N. TI Identification and characterization of thymosin beta 4 in chicken macrophages SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE macrophage; mass spectrometry; thymosin beta 4 C1 [Kannan, L.; Liyanage, R.; Lay, J.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kannan, L.; Rath, N.] USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600144 ER PT J AU McReynolds, JL Genovese, KJ He, H Byrd, JA Ricke, SC Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH AF McReynolds, J. L. Genovese, K. J. He, H. Byrd, J. A. Ricke, S. C. Nisbet, D. J. Kogut, M. H. TI Evaluation of heterophil function in molting hens fed an alfallfa diet SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE chicken; hecterophil; molting C1 [McReynolds, J. L.; Genovese, K. J.; He, H.; Byrd, J. A.; Nisbet, D. J.; Kogut, M. H.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Ricke, S. C.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 50 EP 50 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600151 ER PT J AU Pelaez, J Long, J AF Pelaez, J. Long, J. TI Storage of turkey semen at 4 degrees C for 24h alters the sperm glycocalyx SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE turkey; sperm; glycocalyx C1 [Pelaez, J.; Long, J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600166 ER PT J AU Funderburk, SL Christensen, VL Campbell, GG Wineland, MJ Grimes, JL Mann, KM Neely, ER Ort, DT Rives, DV McMurry, JP AF Funderburk, S. L. Christensen, V. L. Campbell, G. G. Wineland, M. J. Grimes, J. L. Mann, K. M. Neely, E. R. Ort, D. T. Rives, D. V. McMurry, J. P. TI Incubation temperature and eggshell conductance effects oil the intestinal maturation and thyroid function in commercial turkey poults hatching from a first cycle flock SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE conductance; maltase; thyroid C1 [Funderburk, S. L.; Christensen, V. L.; Wineland, M. J.; Grimes, J. L.; Mann, K. M.; Neely, E. R.; Ort, D. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. [Campbell, G. G.; Rives, D. V.] Prestage Farms, Clinton, NC USA. [McMurry, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600173 ER PT J AU Funderburk, SL Christensen, VL Campbell, GG Wineland, MJ Grimes, JL Mann, KM Neely, ER Ort, DT Rives, DV McMurtry, JP AF Funderburk, S. L. Christensen, V. L. Campbell, G. G. Wineland, M. J. Grimes, J. L. Mann, K. M. Neely, E. R. Ort, D. T. Rives, D. V. McMurtry, J. P. TI Incubation temperature and eggshell conductance effects on intestinal maturation and thyroid function in commercial turkey poults hatching, from an induced molted flock SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE conductance; maltase; thyroid C1 [Funderburk, S. L.; Christensen, V. L.; Campbell, G. G.; Wineland, M. J.; Grimes, J. L.; Mann, K. M.; Neely, E. R.; Ort, D. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. [Campbell, G. G.; Rives, D. V.] Prestage Farms, Clinton, NC USA. [McMurtry, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600174 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Thaxton, JP Branton, SL AF Purswell, J. L. Thaxton, J. P. Branton, S. L. TI Identifying process variables for a loin atmospheric pressure stun/kill system SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE gas stunning; slaughter C1 [Purswell, J. L.; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Thaxton, J. P.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600176 ER PT J AU Thaxton, J Purswell, J Branton, S AF Thaxton, J. Purswell, J. Branton, S. TI Physiology of low atmospheric pressure as a stunning/killing system in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE electroencephlogram; electrocardiogram; stunning/killing C1 [Thaxton, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Purswell, J.; Branton, S.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600177 ER PT J AU Brinson, DL Buhr, RJ Northcutt, JK AF Brinson, D. L. Buhr, R. J. Northcutt, J. K. TI Bleed-out and mechanical carecass washing impact on chiller water color, pH, chlorine level and carcass bacteria SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bleed-out; carcasss wash; chiller wate color C1 [Brinson, D. L.; Buhr, R. J.; Northcutt, J. K.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Brinson, D. L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600212 ER PT J AU de los Saritos, FS Farnell, MB Donoghue, AM Huff, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Donoghue, DJ AF de los Saritos, F. Solis Farnell, M. B. Donoghue, A. M. Huff, G. R. Huff, W. E. Rath, N. C. Donoghue, D. J. TI Gastrointestinal maturation is accelerated in turkey poults supplemented with a mannan-oligosaccharide yeast extract (Alphamune (TM)) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Alphamune (TM); gastrointestinal tract; yeast extract C1 [de los Saritos, F. Solis; Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Farnell, M. B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Donoghue, A. M.; Huff, G. R.; Huff, W. E.; Rath, N. C.] USDA, Poul Produ Agr Res Serv, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600230 ER PT J AU Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Richards, MP Poch, SM AF Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M. Richards, M. P. Poch, S. M. TI Cloning and expression of chicken AMP-activated protein kinase subunit genes SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE AMP-activated protein kinase; gene structure; chicken C1 [Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M.; Richards, M. P.; Poch, S. M.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600229 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Buhr, RJ Musgrove, MT Richardson, LJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Cox, N. A. Buhr, R. J. Musgrove, M. T. Richardson, L. J. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Natural presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in the spleen, liver/gallbladder and reproductive tract of commercial Leghorn laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE campylobacter; Salmonella; lymphoid organs C1 [Cox, N. A.; Buhr, R. J.; Richardson, L. J.] ARS, USDA, PMSRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, USDA, ESQRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. ARS, USDA, BEAR, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600237 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, H Park, DW Dalloui, R Hong, YH Lillehoj, E Lin, J AF Lee, S-H Lillehoj, H. Park, D-W. Dalloui, R. Hong, Y-H Lillehoj, E. Lin, J. TI Supplementation of the probiotic MitoMax enhances immune responses to coccidiosis in broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE probiotic; broiler; coccidiosis C1 [Lee, S-H; Lillehoj, H.; Park, D-W.; Dalloui, R.; Hong, Y-H] ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lin, J.] Imagilin Technol, Frederick, MD USA. [Lillehoj, E.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600243 ER PT J AU Mitran, L Harter-Dennis, J Timmons, J Meisinger, J AF Mitran, L. Harter-Dennis, J. Timmons, J. Meisinger, J. TI Determination of the nitrogen budget of commercial broilers raised from 0 to 42 days of age SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broilers; nitrogen; ammonia C1 [Mitran, L.; Harter-Dennis, J.; Timmons, J.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD USA. [Meisinger, J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600246 ER PT J AU de Beer, M Coon, CN Rosebrough, RW Russel, BA Poch, SM Richards, MP AF de Beer, M. Coon, C. N. Rosebrough, R. W. Russel, B. A. Poch, S. M. Richards, M. P. TI An examination of the role of feeding regimens in regulating metabolism during the broiler breeder grower period SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE breeder; restriction; lipogenesis C1 [de Beer, M.; Coon, C. N.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Rosebrough, R. W.; Russel, B. A.; Poch, S. M.; Richards, M. P.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600270 ER PT J AU Plumstead, PW Leytem, AB Maguire, RO Oviedo, E Brake, JT AF Plumstead, P. W. Leytem, A. B. Maguire, R. O. Oviedo, E. Brake, J. T. TI Manipulation of dietary calcium, phosphorus, and phytase in broilers. 1. Effects on performance SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE poultry; broiler; phosphorus C1 [Plumstead, P. W.; Leytem, A. B.; Maguire, R. O.; Oviedo, E.; Brake, J. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600273 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Plumstead, PW Maguire, RO Oviedo, E Brake, JT AF Leytem, A. B. Plumstead, P. W. Maguire, R. O. Oviedo, E. Brake, J. T. TI Manipulation of dietary calcium, phosphorus, and phytase in broilers. 2. Effects on total and soluble phosphorus excretion SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE poultry; broiler; phosphorus C1 [Leytem, A. B.; Plumstead, P. W.; Maguire, R. O.; Oviedo, E.; Brake, J. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. [Leytem, A. B.] ARS, USDA, Kimberly, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600280 ER PT J AU Proudman, JA Siopes, TD AF Proudman, J. A. Siopes, T. D. TI Can a novel lighting program for turkey breeder hens delay the expression of photorefractoriness and boost law-season egg production? SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE turkey; photorefractoriness; photoperiod C1 [Proudman, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Siopes, T. D.] Univ N Carolina, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600285 ER PT J AU Rathinam, T Obara, Y Proudman, JA Kuenzel, WJ AF Rathinam, T. Obara, Y. Proudman, J. A. Kuenzel, W. J. TI Effect of eyes oil reproduction in Formoguanamine injected male chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE reproduction; photoreceptor; sulfamethazine C1 [Rathinam, T.; Kuenzel, W. J.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Obara, Y.] Meijo Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Proudman, J. A.] ARS, USDA, BGPL, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600287 ER PT J AU Bartenfeld, LN Fletcher, DL Northcutt, JK AF Bartenfeld, L. N. Fletcher, D. L. Northcutt, J. K. TI Effect of a high level chlorine rinse on the recovery of Salmonella and enumeration of bacteria from broiler carcasses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broiler carcasses; carcass microbiology; chlorine C1 [Bartenfeld, L. N.; Fletcher, D. L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Northcutt, J. K.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600301 ER PT J AU Stevens, SM Byrd, JA McElroy, AP Anderson, SM Nisbet, DJ Caldwell, DJ AF Stevens, S. M. Byrd, J. A. McElroy, A. P. Anderson, S. M. Nisbet, D. J. Caldwell, D. J. TI Effect of alkaline scald conditions on Salmonella or Campylobacter recovery during commercial turkey processing SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE turkey processing; bacterial recovery; scald conditions C1 [Stevens, S. M.; Anderson, S. M.; Caldwell, D. J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Byrd, J. A.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX USA. [McElroy, A. P.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600300 ER PT J AU Caudill, AB Curtis, PA Jones, DR Musgrove, MT Anderson, KE Kerth, LK AF Caudill, A. B. Curtis, P. A. Jones, D. R. Musgrove, M. T. Anderson, K. E. Kerth, L. K. TI Effects of cool water washing of shell eggs on Haugh unit, vitelline membrane strength, aerobic bacteria, yeast, and mold SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE shell egg; cool wash; egg quality C1 [Caudill, A. B.; Curtis, P. A.; Kerth, L. K.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Jones, D. R.; Musgrove, M. T.] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600307 ER PT J AU Fahey, AG Marchant-Forde, RM Cheng, HW AF Fahey, A. G. Marchant-Forde, R. M. Cheng, H. W. TI Relationship between body weight and beak characteristics in 1 d old layer chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fahey, A. G.; Cheng, H. W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fahey, A. G.; Marchant-Forde, R. M.] USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600320 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, RM Cheng, HW AF Marchant-Forde, R. M. Cheng, H. W. TI Infrared beak treatment: Part II, Comparative effects of infrared and 1/3 hot-blade trimming on behavior and feeding ability SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marchant-Forde, R. M.; Cheng, H. W.] USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 104 EP 105 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600322 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, RM Cheng, HW AF Marchant-Forde, R. M. Cheng, H. W. TI Infrared beak treatment: Part I, Comparative effects of infrared and hot-blade trimming on beak topography and growth SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marchant-Forde, R. M.; Cheng, H. W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600321 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW Marchant-Forde, RM AF Cheng, H. W. Marchant-Forde, R. M. TI Infrared beak treatment: Part III, Comparative effects of infrared and 1/2 hot-blade trimming on beak topography and growth SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cheng, H. W.; Marchant-Forde, R. M.] USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600323 ER PT J AU Anderson, PN Hume, ME Byrd, JA Stevens, SM Caldwell, DJ AF Anderson, P. N. Hume, M. E. Byrd, J. A. Stevens, S. M. Caldwell, D. J. TI Molecular analysis of Salmonella serotypes at different stages of commercial turkey processing SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella serotype; genotype; PCR C1 [Anderson, P. N.; Hume, M. E.; Byrd, J. A.; Stevens, S. M.; Caldwell, D. J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Hume, M. E.; Byrd, J. A.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 114 EP 114 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600350 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, H Park, DW Dalloul, R Hong, YH Lin, J AF Lee, S. -H. Lillehoj, H. Park, D. -W. Dalloul, R. Hong, Y. -H. Lin, J. TI Influence of pediococcus-based probiotic on coccidiosis in broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pediococcus; broiler; coccidiosis C1 [Lee, S. -H.; Lillehoj, H.; Park, D. -W.; Dalloul, R.; Hong, Y. -H.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lin, J.] Imagilin Technol, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600379 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Pesti, GM AF Cason, J. A. Pesti, G. M. TI Mean separation procedures used in Poultry Science SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE multiple range tests; mean separation; statistical analysis C1 [Cason, J. A.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Pesti, G. M.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600385 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Purswell, JL Corzo, A Kidd, MT Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A. Purswell, J. L. Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Branton, S. L. TI Dietary energy needs of broilers from 2.0 to 4.0 kg as influenced by ambient temperature SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broiler; dietary energy; temperature C1 [Dozier, W. A.; Purswell, J. L.; Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600391 ER PT J AU Guard-Bouldin, J Buhr, RJ AF Guard-Bouldin, J Buhr, RJ TI Evaluation of eggshell quality of hens infected with Salmonella enteritidis by application of compression SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg quality; laying hen; Salmonella; food safety; bacteria ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; LAYING HENS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CALCIUM; CHICKEN; BIOLOGY; AGE; EGG AB Eggs collected from hens of different ages and that differed in infection status with Salmonella enteritidis were evaluated for the ability to resist cracking following application of maximum compression load from an Instron materials testing machine. Orally infected 24-wk-old hens that were prepeak produced eggs with significantly lower hardness units (HU) of shells compared with a paired control group (P <= 0.01). However, 1 of 3 additional infection trials in hens at peak (29 wk) and older hens postpeak (58 wk) showed an increase in HU in one trial and no difference in the other 2 trials. Thus, Salmonella enteritidis may be able to alter HU in a manner that is influenced by multiple factors, which include the age of the hen and the strain used for infection. Hardness was overall a sensitive physiological barometer of age, because readings correlated positively (all R > 0.50) with hens entering peak production, regardless of infection status. Detection of a very low HU reading (<1.0) was indicative of a hairline crack in the egg, which increased in incidence from 0.01% preinfection to 0.08% postinfection. Two other clinical signs noted postinfection in hens were that i) daily egg production significantly increased in older hens, and ii) emaciation was evident in a few hens that were infected by contact. These results suggest that there may be supportive approaches to achieve reduction of S. enteritidis in table eggs that do not rely on culturing. C1 ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Poultry Microbiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Guard-Bouldin, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jbouldin@seprl.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 996RB UT WOS:000234190900019 PM 16493956 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Northcutt, JK Cason, A Hinton, A Buhr, RJ Ingram, KD AF Smith, D. P. Northcutt, J. K. Cason, A. Hinton, A., Jr. Buhr, R. J. Ingram, K. D. TI Effect of internal versus external fecal contamination on broiler carcass microbiology SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fecal contamination; inside-outside bird washer; Campylobacter C1 [Smith, D. P.; Northcutt, J. K.; Cason, A.; Hinton, A., Jr.; Buhr, R. J.; Ingram, K. D.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600410 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Hinton, A AF Cason, J. A. Hinton, A., Jr. TI Coliforms, E-coli, Campylobacter, and Salmonella in a counterflow broiller scalder with a dip tank SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE scalding; bacteria; Salmonella C1 [Cason, J. A.; Hinton, A., Jr.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600413 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Guraya, R Guard-Bouldin, J Holt, PS Moore, RW AF Gast, R. K. Guraya, R. Guard-Bouldin, J. Holt, P. S. Moore, R. W. TI Colonization of the reproductive tract and deposition inside eggs laid by liens infected with Salmonella enteritidis or S. heidelberg SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; reproductive tract; eggs C1 [Gast, R. K.; Guraya, R.; Guard-Bouldin, J.; Holt, P. S.; Moore, R. W.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600414 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT AF Jones, D. R. Musgrove, M. T. TI Prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter and listeria on the surface of vacuum loaders in shell egg processing plants SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE egg processing; vaccum loaders; pathogens C1 [Jones, D. R.; Musgrove, M. T.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600415 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Cason, JA Ingram, KD Smith, DP Buhr, RJ Hinton, A AF Northcutt, J. K. Cason, J. A. Ingram, K. D. Smith, D. P. Buhr, R. J. Hinton, A., Jr. TI Recovery of bacteria from broiler carcasses after immersion chilling in different volumes of water, Part 2 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE poultry; immersion chilling; chiller water C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Northcutt, J. K.; Cason, J. A.; Ingram, K. D.; Smith, D. P.; Buhr, R. J.; Hinton, A., Jr.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600412 ER PT J AU Musgrove, DT Jones, DR AF Musgrove, D. T. Jones, D. R. TI Microbiological survey of seven types retail shell eggs SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE shell eggs; microbiology; retail C1 [Musgrove, D. T.; Jones, D. R.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600417 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR AF Musgrove, M. T. Jones, D. R. TI Enterobacteriaceae and related organisms isolated from shell eggs washed in cooler wash water SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE shell eggs; processing; Emerobacteriaceae C1 [Musgrove, M. T.; Jones, D. R.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600416 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, SL May, SB Gracey, MI Hawkins, DL Peebles, ED Park, SW Branton, SL AF Westmoreland, S. L. May, S. B. Gracey, M. I. Hawkins, D. L. Peebles, E. D. Park, S. W. Branton, S. L. TI Determination of eggshell microstructural characteristics and associated physiological profiles in MG-vaccinated egg-laying chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; commercial layer C1 [Westmoreland, S. L.; May, S. B.; Gracey, M. I.; Hawkins, D. L.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Peebles, E. D.; Park, S. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600428 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Berrang, ME AF Smith, DP Berrang, ME TI Prevalence and numbers of bacteria in broiler crop and gizzard contents SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crop; gizzard; ingesta; Escherichia coli; Campylobacter ID PRESLAUGHTER FEED WITHDRAWAL; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; MANUAL EVISCERATION; EXTRACTION LOAD; POULTRY GIBLETS; DRINKING-WATER; SALMONELLA; CHICKENS; CECA; CONTAMINATION AB Crops or gizzards in broiler carcasses are frequently damaged during processing. The contents from either organ, defined by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service as ingesta, may contaminate the carcass. Previous research has shown crop contents are a source of Salmonella contamination on processed carcasses, although less information is available on gizzard contents. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and numbers of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter in ingesta collected from the crop and gizzard. In each of 3 replicate trials, 10 uneviscerated broiler carcasses were obtained from a processor at the shackle transfer point just prior to evisceration. Liquid crop contents and solid gizzard contents were aseptically collected from each carcass and quantitatively cultured. Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, E. coli, and Campylobacter were determined for contents from both organs. Crop contents (log cfu/mL), compared with gizzard contents (log cfu/g), contained significantly (P < 0.05) higher numbers of total aerobic bacteria (5.6 vs. 2.9), coliforms (4.2 vs. 2.3), E. coli (3.9 vs. 2.2), and Campylobacter (4.6 vs. 2.2). Escherichia coli prevalence was higher in crop samples (28 of 29) than gizzard samples (19 of 30). Campylobacter prevalence was also higher for crop vs. gizzard samples (29 of 29 vs. 12 of 30). An average of 2.4 g of crop contents and 8.4 g of gizzard contents were recovered. Crop contents contain more bacteria than gizzard contents and contained a higher incidence of E. coli and Campylobacter contamination. However, because of the numbers of bacteria and amount of material in the crop and gizzard, it is unlikely that ingesta contamination would increase overall bacterial counts of prechill broiler carcasses. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dpsmith@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 144 EP 147 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 996RB UT WOS:000234190900021 PM 16493958 ER PT J AU de los Santos, FS Farnell, MB Donoghue, AM Huff, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Donoghue, DJ AF de los Santos, F. Solis Farnell, M. B. Donoghue, A. M. Huff, G. R. Huff, W. E. Rath, N. C. Donoghue, D. J. TI Yeast extract (Alphamune (TM)) supplementation enhances early gut, development in turkey poults SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Alphamune (TM); gastrointestinal tract; turkeys; poults; yeast extract C1 [de los Santos, F. Solis; Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Farnell, M. B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Donoghue, A. M.; Huff, G. R.; Huff, W. E.; Rath, N. C.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 146 EP 147 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600452 ER PT J AU Basenko, H Peebles, E Branton, S Whitmarsh, S Gerard, P AF Basenko, H. Peebles, E. Branton, S. Whitmarsh, S. Gerard, P. TI Digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial egg laying hens inoculated with S6-Strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum at either 10, 22, or 45 weeks of age SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Basenko, H.; Peebles, E.; Whitmarsh, S.; Gerard, P.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600458 ER PT J AU Vance, A Peebles, E Branton, S Whitmarsh, S Gerard, P AF Vance, A. Peebles, E. Branton, S. Whitmarsh, S. Gerard, P. TI Effects of time specific F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation overlays on pre-lay ts-11-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation on performance characteristics of commercial laying liens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE egg quality; inoculation; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; performance; vaccine C1 [Peebles, E.; Whitmarsh, S.; Gerard, P.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Vance, A.; Branton, S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600457 ER PT J AU Viscione, K Peebles, E Branton, S Vance, A Whitmarsh, S Gerard, P AF Viscione, K. Peebles, E. Branton, S. Vance, A. Whitmarsh, S. Gerard, P. TI Effects of pre-lay 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation on performance characteristics of commercial laying hens when given alone or in conjuinction with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculations during lay SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE egg; egg production; inoculation; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; performance C1 [Viscione, K.; Peebles, E.; Whitmarsh, S.; Gerard, P.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S.; Vance, A.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 148 EP 149 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600459 ER PT J AU Wongpichet, S Thaxton, J Collier, S AF Wongpichet, S. Thaxton, J. Collier, S. TI Comparison of radioimmunoassay and Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay methods for determination of corticosterone concentration in poultry plasma SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE EIA; RIA; corticosterone; broiler C1 [Wongpichet, S.; Thaxton, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Collier, S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600456 ER PT J AU Adedokun, S Powers, W Angel, R Mitchell, A Applegate, T AF Adedokun, S. Powers, W. Angel, R. Mitchell, A. Applegate, T. TI Determination of nutrient mass balance in turkeys SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE excretion; mass balance; nitrogen; phosphorus; turkey C1 [Adedokun, S.; Applegate, T.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Powers, W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Angel, R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mitchell, A.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600480 ER PT J AU Mendoza-Reilley, A Davis, AJ Zavala, G Dozier, WA Wilson, JL AF Mendoza-Reilley, A. Davis, A. J. Zavala, G. Dozier, W. A., III Wilson, J. L. TI Influence of feeding level and body weight on reproductive performance, mortality and morbidity of slow feathering broiler breeder hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broiler breeder hen; body weight; feed amount; mortality; morbidity C1 [Mendoza-Reilley, A.; Davis, A. J.; Zavala, G.; Wilson, J. L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Southcent Poultry Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600483 ER PT J AU Volkova, V Dazo, KBRC Bailey, RH Byrd, JA Wills, RW AF Volkova, V. Dazo, K. B. R. C. Bailey, R. H. Byrd, J. A. Wills, R. W. TI Intraflock dynamics of Salmonella contamination in broilers throughout the production and processing continuum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; food safety; epidemiology; broilers; poultry C1 [Volkova, V.; Dazo, K. B. R. C.; Bailey, R. H.; Wills, R. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Byrd, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600490 ER PT J AU Shaw, J Musgrove, M Sheppard, M Jones, D AF Shaw, J. Musgrove, M. Sheppard, M. Jones, D. TI Survey of Enterobacteriaceae contamination of nest run egg carts in shell egg processing facilities SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shaw, J.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sheppard, M.] Claflin Univ, Orangeburg, NY USA. [Musgrove, M.; Jones, D.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600499 ER PT J AU Musgrove, M Cox, N Richardson, J Jones, D Northcutt, J AF Musgrove, M. Cox, N. Richardson, J. Jones, D. Northcutt, J. TI Comparison of shell egg sanitizers and application methods SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Musgrove, M.; Jones, D.] ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. [Cox, N.; Richardson, J.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. [Northcutt, J.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Proc Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600500 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Leigh, SL Collier, SD Branton, SL AF Evans, J. D. Leigh, S. L. Collier, S. D. Branton, S. L. TI Serological response and in vivo persistence of Mcoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strain 6/85 in layers and broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE poultry; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; vaccine; mycoplasmosis C1 [Evans, J. D.; Leigh, S. L.; Collier, S. D.; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 164 EP 165 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600508 ER PT J AU de Leon, AC Corzo, A Roush, WB Kidd, MT AF de Leon, A. C. Corzo, A. Roush, W. B. Kidd, M. T. TI Limiting dietary amino acid response surface estimates for growing broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE response surface; box behnken; lys; met; thr C1 [de Leon, A. C.; Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Roush, W. B.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600514 ER PT J AU Putsakum, M Vizzier-Thaxton, Y Thaxton, JP Anderson, S Olowanju, H AF Putsakum, M. Vizzier-Thaxton, Y. Thaxton, J. P. Anderson, S. Olowanju, H. TI The nitric oxide level in ceca of stressed broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE nitric oxide; cecum; stress; broiler C1 [Putsakum, M.; Vizzier-Thaxton, Y.; Thaxton, J. P.; Anderson, S.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS USA. [Olowanju, H.] USDA ARS, Starkville, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600523 ER PT J AU Dunkley, C McReynolds, J Dunkley, K Kim, W Friend, T Kubena, L Nisbet, D Ricke, S AF Dunkley, C. McReynolds, J. Dunkley, K. Kim, W. Friend, T. Kubena, L. Nisbet, D. Ricke, S. TI The behavior of laying hens on an alfalfa crumble molt diet SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE molting; welfare; behavior; laying hens C1 [Dunkley, C.; Dunkley, K.; Kim, W.; Friend, T.; Ricke, S.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [McReynolds, J.; Kubena, L.; Nisbet, D.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600529 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Northcutt, J Smith, D Musgrove, M Ingram, K AF Hinton, A. Northcutt, J. Smith, D. Musgrove, M. Ingram, K. TI Psychrotrophic bacteria and yeasts on broiler carcasses washed with electrolyzed oxidizing water or chlorinated water using an inside-outside bird washer SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE spoilage microflora; broiler carcasses; electrolyzed water; chlorinated water; inside-outside bird washer C1 [Hinton, A.; Northcutt, J.; Smith, D.; Musgrove, M.; Ingram, K.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600530 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Berrang, ME Cox, JM AF Bailey, J. S. Berrang, M. E. Cox, J. M. TI Detection of Salmonella from naturally contaminated chicken carcass rinse samples using the automated BAX PCR system SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; BAX; carcass rinse; broiler C1 [Bailey, J. S.; Berrang, M. E.] USDA ARS BEAR, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Cox, J. M.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600532 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Smith, DP Hinton, A AF Berrang, M. E. Smith, D. P. Hinton, A., Jr. TI Organic acids placed in the cloaca to reduce Campylobacter contamination of broiler skin during defeathering SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broiler; Campylobacter; defeathering C1 [Berrang, M. E.; Smith, D. P.; Hinton, A., Jr.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600531 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, M Spackman, E AF Pantin-Jackwood, M. Spackman, E. TI Molecular characterization of chicken and turkey astroviruses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE astrovirus; chicken; turkey; sequence C1 [Pantin-Jackwood, M.; Spackman, E.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600544 ER PT J AU Garcia, M Winkelmann, E Jackwood, M Das, A Suarez, D AF Garcia, M. Winkelmann, E. Jackwood, M. Das, A. Suarez, D. TI S-Pecificity of an avian influenza (AI) North America Lineage Neuraminidase-2 (N2) based ELISA and its application for differentiating vaccinated from infected animals (DIVA) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE avian influenza; neuraminidase; ELISA; DIVA C1 [Garcia, M.; Jackwood, M.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Winkelmann, E.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Das, A.; Suarez, D.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600550 ER PT J AU Toro, H Tang, D van Kampen, K Suarez, D Gao, P AF Toro, H. Tang, D. van Kampen, K. Suarez, D. Gao, P. TI A replication-defective adenovirus vaccine carrying the H5 gene of avian influenza virus induced high antibody levels SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE avian influenza; recombinant vaccine; adenovirus; chicken C1 [Toro, H.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tang, D.; van Kampen, K.; Gao, P.] Vaxin, Birmingham, AL USA. [Suarez, D.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600549 ER PT J AU Xu, J Suarez, D Gottfried, D AF Xu, J. Suarez, D. Gottfried, D. TI An optical interferometer for detection of avian influenza virus SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE biosensor; avian influenza; immunoassay; hemagglutinin; optical waveguide C1 [Xu, J.; Gottfried, D.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Suarez, D.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600548 ER PT J AU Dozier, W Behnke, K Kidd, M Branton, S AF Dozier, W. Behnke, K. Kidd, M. Branton, S. TI Examination of broiler performance as affected fly roller mill-ground corn addition to incomplete-pelleted feed SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broiler; corn; feed processing C1 [Dozier, W.; Branton, S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Kidd, M.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Behnke, K.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600565 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Roush, WB Dozier, WA Branton, SL AF Purswell, J. L. Roush, W. B. Dozier, W. A., III Branton, S. L. TI Estimating weight of broilers through digital imaging SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE body weight; weight measurement; imaging C1 [Purswell, J. L.; Roush, W. B.; Dozier, W. A., III; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 182 EP 183 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600566 ER PT J AU Thaxton, JP Vizzier-Thaxton, Y Christensen, K White, P Stuckey, R Wongpichet, S Anderson, S Putskum, M Radhakrishnan, VJ Schilling, MW AF Thaxton, J. P. Vizzier-Thaxton, Y. Christensen, K. White, P. Stuckey, R. Wongpichet, S. Anderson, S. Putskum, M. Radhakrishnan, V. J. Schilling, M. W. TI Physiology of catching and loading broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE catching; broilers; corticosterone; stress; welfare C1 [Thaxton, J. P.; Vizzier-Thaxton, Y.; Wongpichet, S.; Anderson, S.; Putskum, M.; Radhakrishnan, V. J.; Schilling, M. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Christensen, K.] OK Foods Inc, Ft Smith, AR USA. [White, P.; Stuckey, R.] TechnoCatch Inc, Koscuisco, MS USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600568 ER PT J AU Vizzier-Thaxton, Y Thaxton, JP Christensen, K White, P Stuckey, R Wongpichet, S Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Anderson, S Putskum, M Radhakrishnan, VJ AF Vizzier-Thaxton, Y. Thaxton, J. P. Christensen, K. White, P. Stuckey, R. Wongpichet, S. Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Anderson, S. Putskum, M. Radhakrishnan, V. J. TI Hand vs. mechanical catching and loading of broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE catching; broilers; microbiology C1 [Vizzier-Thaxton, Y.; Thaxton, J. P.; Wongpichet, S.; Anderson, S.; Putskum, M.; Radhakrishnan, V. J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Christensen, K.] OK Farms Inc, Ft Smith, AR USA. [White, P.; Stuckey, R.] TechnoCatch Inc, Koscuisco, MS USA. [Richardson, L. J.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600567 ER PT J AU Patterson, P Adrizal, A Hulet, M Bates, R Myers, C Martin, G Shockey, R van der Grinten, M AF Patterson, P. Adrizal, A. Hulet, M. Bates, R. Myers, C. Martin, G. Shockey, R. van der Grinten, M. TI Plant foliar N and temperature on commercial poulltry farms in Pennsylvania SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE commercial poultry farms; temperature; trees; foliar N C1 [Patterson, P.; Adrizal, A.; Hulet, M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Myers, C.] Berks Co Coop Ext, University Pk, PA USA. [Shockey, R.] USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Harrisburg, PA USA. [van der Grinten, M.] USDA, NRCS Big Flats Plant Mat Ctr, Corning, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600572 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Owens, PL Rowe, DE Moore, PA AF Miles, D. M. Owens, P. L. Rowe, D. E. Moore, P. A., Jr. TI Ammonia volatilization from broiler litter and cake via laboratory acid trap system SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ammonia; broiler; cake; litter; management C1 [Miles, D. M.; Rowe, D. E.; Moore, P. A., Jr.] USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Owens, P. L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 185 EP 185 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600573 ER PT J AU Branton, S Evans, J Leigh, S Dozier, W Roush, W Collier, S Purswell, J Olanrewaju, H AF Branton, S. Evans, J. Leigh, S. Dozier, W. Roush, W. Collier, S. Purswell, J. Olanrewaju, H. TI Effect of pressurization on aerosol application of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE poultry; egg production; layer C1 [Branton, S.; Evans, J.; Leigh, S.; Dozier, W.; Roush, W.; Collier, S.; Purswell, J.; Olanrewaju, H.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600578 ER PT J AU Byrd, JA Bailey, RH Wills, RW Nisbet, DJ AF Byrd, J. A. Bailey, R. H. Wills, R. W. Nisbet, D. J. TI Presence of Campylobacter in day-of-hatch broiler chicks from commercial hatcheries SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Campylobacter; hatchery; trayliner; broiler; method C1 [Byrd, J. A.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Bailey, R. H.; Wills, R. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600579 ER PT J AU Dozier, W Kidd, M Corzo, A Anderson, J Branton, S AF Dozier, W. Kidd, M. Corzo, A. Anderson, J. Branton, S. TI Growth performance and meat yield responses of Ross x Ross 708 broilers provided diets varying in amino acid density from 36 to 59 of of age SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE amino acid; broiler; lysine; nutrient density C1 [Dozier, W.; Branton, S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Kidd, M.; Corzo, A.; Anderson, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 188 EP 188 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600584 ER PT J AU Dozier, W Corzo, A Kidd, M Anderson, J Branton, S AF Dozier, W. Corzo, A. Kidd, M. Anderson, J. Branton, S. TI Growth performance and meat yield responses of Ross x Ross 708 broilers provided diets varying in energy and amino acid density from 42 to 56 days of age SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE AME; amino acid; broiler; lysine; nutrient density C1 [Dozier, W.; Branton, S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M.; Anderson, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 188 EP 188 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600585 ER PT J AU Collier, SD Pharr, GT Branton, SL Evans, JD Leigh, SA AF Collier, S. D. Pharr, G. T. Branton, S. L. Evans, J. D. Leigh, S. A. TI Initial proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins from ts-11 and F strain detected by Western blotting SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE western blotting; proteomics; MG; ts-11; F strain C1 [Collier, S. D.; Branton, S. L.; Evans, J. D.; Leigh, S. A.] ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Pharr, G. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600596 ER PT J AU Murry, A Hinton, A AF Murry, A. Hinton, A. TI Comparison of in vitro inhibition of growth of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli on broiler feed media by two sources of Bacillus subtilis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; Escherichia coli; Bacillus subtilis; in vitro; inhibition C1 [Murry, A.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hinton, A.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 192 EP 193 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600598 ER PT J AU Olanrewaju, H Wongpichet, S Thaxton, J Dozier, W Branton, S AF Olanrewaju, H. Wongpichet, S. Thaxton, J. Dozier, W. Branton, S. TI Effects of ACTH-infusion on blood physiological variables and acid-base balance in broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE acid-base balance; stress; ACTH; broiler C1 [Olanrewaju, H.; Dozier, W.; Branton, S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Wongpichet, S.; Thaxton, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600600 ER PT J AU Perozo, F Villegas, P Estevez, C Alvarado, I Purvis, L AF Perozo, F. Villegas, P. Estevez, C. Alvarado, I. Purvis, L. TI Use of FTA (R) filter paper for the molecular detection of newcastle disease virus SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Perozo, F.; Villegas, P.; Alvarado, I.; Purvis, L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Estevez, C.] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600604 ER PT J AU Leigh, SA Evans, JE Branton, SL Collier, SD AF Leigh, S. A. Evans, J. E. Branton, S. L. Collier, S. D. TI Effects of salt concentration on Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine FVAX-MG survival in solution SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; FVAX-MG; ionic strength C1 [Leigh, S. A.; Evans, J. E.; Branton, S. L.; Collier, S. D.] USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 196 EP 197 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600612 ER PT J AU Cox, JM Richardson, LJ Fedorka-Cray, P Baileys, JS Cox, NA AF Cox, J. M. Richardson, L. J. Fedorka-Cray, P. Baileys, J. S. Cox, N. A. TI Detection of Campylobacter from broiler carcass rinse samples using the Tecra Visual Immunoassay (VIA) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Campylobacter; immunoassay; Tectra VIA; carcass rinses; broiler C1 [Cox, J. M.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Richardson, L. J.; Cox, N. A.] USDA ARS, MSRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Fedorka-Cray, P.; Baileys, J. S.] USDA ARS, BEAR, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600617 ER PT J AU Ingram, K Northcutt, J Cason, J Hinton, A AF Ingram, K. Northcutt, J. Cason, J. Hinton, A., Jr. TI Microbiological efficacy of spray washing broiler carcasses using Fresh F (TM) on E.coli, total coliforms and Salmonella SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; coliforms; spray washing; antimicrobial; broiler carcasses C1 [Ingram, K.; Northcutt, J.; Cason, J.; Hinton, A., Jr.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600616 ER PT J AU Huff, G Huff, W Rath, N Farnell, M de los Santos, FS Donoghue, A AF Huff, G. Huff, W. Rath, N. Farnell, M. de los Santos, F. Solis Donoghue, A. TI Influence of hen age on response of turkey poults challenged with cold stress and Escherichia coli to Alphamune (TM), a dietary yeast extract antibiotic alternative. SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE turkeys; hen age; Alphamune (TM); cold stress; Escherichia coli C1 [Huff, G.; Huff, W.; Rath, N.; Donoghue, A.] ARS, USDA, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR USA. [de los Santos, F. Solis] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Farnell, M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 203 EP 203 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600632 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Kidd, MT Dozier, WA Miller, ER Fancher, BI AF Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Dozier, W. A., III Miller, E. R. Fancher, B. I. TI Effect of apparent metabolizable energy regimes on growth and carcass traits of broilers varying in strain cross and gender SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE metabolizable energy; caloric efficiency; broiler C1 [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Miller, E. R.] Mountaire Farms, Selbyville, DE USA. [Fancher, B. I.] Aviagen N Amer, Albertville, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 204 EP 204 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600636 ER PT J AU Roush, W Dozier, W Branton, S AF Roush, W. Dozier, W. Branton, S. TI Comparison of Gompertz and neural network models of broiler growth SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE growth equation; Gompertz; neural network C1 [Roush, W.; Dozier, W.; Branton, S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 207 EP 207 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600647 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Bailey, JS Cray, PF AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Bailey, J. S. Cray, P. F. TI Presence of naturally occurring Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. in the internal organs of 6 and 8 week old commercial broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Campylobacter; Salmonella; lymphoid organs; broilers; ceca C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Buhr, R. J.] ARS, USDA, PMSRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Bailey, J. S.; Cray, P. F.] ARS, USDA, BEAR, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 208 EP 209 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600651 ER PT J AU Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Buhr, RJ Bailey, JS Harrison, MA AF Richardson, L. J. Cox, N. A. Buhr, R. J. Bailey, J. S. Harrison, M. A. TI Ethanol immersion method for the collection of separate external and internal microbiological spleen samples of baby broiler chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broilers Campylobacter; ethanol immersion; Spleen; ceca C1 [Richardson, L. J.; Cox, N. A.; Buhr, R. J.] USDA ARS PMSRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Bailey, J. S.] USDA ARS BEAR, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Harrison, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600650 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Richardson, LJ Cason, JA Cox, NA AF Buhr, R. J. Richardson, L. J. Cason, J. A. Cox, N. A. TI Comparison of four sampling methods for the detection of Salmonella in broiler fitter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella detection; litter sampling; broilers; drag swabs; ceca C1 [Buhr, R. J.; Richardson, L. J.; Cason, J. A.; Cox, N. A.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2006 VL 85 SU 1 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50KQ UT WOS:000203407600653 ER PT J AU McVicker, JK Tabatabai, LB AF McVicker, Jerry K. Tabatabai, Louisa B. TI Isolation and characterization of the P5 adhesin protein of Haemophilus parasuis serotype 5 SO PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus parasuis; P5 outer membrane protein; adhesin ID INFLUENZAE; SWINE; CEACAM1; EPITOPE; GENE AB Haemophilus parasuis is a Gram-negative respiratory pathogen of young pigs that colonizes the upper respiratory tract and produces a number of symptoms collectiviely described as Glansser's disease. Recently, an H. parasuis P5-like outer membrane adhesin protein homologous to H. influenzae P5 was identified. The P5 adhesin was partially purified by anion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Final purification for functional studies was performed by elution of the protein from a polyacrylamide gel. Identification of the protein as a P5 adhesin homolog of H. influenzae was confirmed by N-terminal sequencing. The P5 protein had a molecular mass of 32,000 and a pI of 5.5. Unlike the H. influenzae P5 adhesin, the H. parasuis P5 protein did not bind carcinoembryonic antigen. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Tabatabai, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ltabatab@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6068 J9 PREP BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol. PY 2006 VL 36 IS 4 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1080/10826060600912658 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 083XG UT WOS:000240490900007 PM 16971306 ER PT S AU Borrone, JW Violi, HA Ploetz, R Schnell, RJ AF Borrone, James W. Violi, Helen A. Ploetz, Randy Schnell, Raymond J. GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI The development of microsatellite markers for Persea americana (avocado) SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE Persea americana; expressed sequence tag libraries; simple sequence repeat; marker assisted selection; unigene ID PLANTS AB Because of their relative abundance, distribution across the genome, hypervariability and co-dominance, microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats, are cost effective and efficient molecular genetic markers for parentage analysis, linkage mapping, association studies, and genetic fingerprinting of cultivars. Currently, there is a small set of microsatellite markers available for Persea americana Miller. We are increasing the number by screening pre-existing avocado expressed sequence tag libraries. To date over 6183 sequences have been screened and 100 have been selected for marker development based upon size, location, and type of microsatellite identified. The development of an additional 100 simple microsatellite markers, along with the currently available microsatellite markers, should provide suitable coverage of the avocado genome for association studies and linkage mapping. These are the first steps to devise a marker-assisted selection program for avocado. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700012 ER PT S AU Violi, HA Borrone, JW Ploetz, R Schnell, RJ Olano, CT AF Violi, Helen A. Borrone, James W. Ploetz, Randy Schnell, Raymond J. Olano, Cecile T. GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI Development of Phytophthora root rot-resistant avocado rootstocks for the Caribbean SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE Phytophthora cinnamomi; Persea Americana; avocado; Phytophthora root rot; marker assisted selection; germplasm ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AB Phytophtora root rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, poses the greatest limitation to avocado production worldwide. Through a collaborative effort between researchers at the USDA-ARS facility in Miami and the University of Florida in Homestead, PRR-resistant avocado (Persea americana) rootstocks are being developed for the Caribbean. Avocado breeding presents several challenges. These include a long regeneration time (4-15 years) and the low efficiency of controlled pollinations. To overcome these challenges we will: i) increase the number of accessions from the Caribbean in breeding blocks; ii) screen large numbers of half-sib and full-sib seedling progeny in controlled greenhouse and field trials; iii) genetically characterize parents of PRR-tolerant and -susceptible progeny with molecular markers and iv) with the identified markers, develop marker-assisted selection protocols for resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700013 ER PT S AU Bowman, KD Mccollum, G AF Bowman, Kim D. Mccollum, Gregory GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI Performance of 'Hamlin' orange trees on 14 rootstocks in central Florida SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE Citrus sinensis; sweet orange; citrumelo; rootstock improvement AB Fourteen selections consisting of twelve new numbered hybrids, and two named rootstock cultivars were tested as rootstocks for 'Hamlin' orange trees (Citrus sinensis L. Os-beck) at the Whitmore Foundation Farm in Lake County, Florida. The test included four single-tree replications on each rootstock planted in randomized complete blocks on Astatula fine sand soil. Rootstock effects on five-year cumulative fruit production, fruit quality, tree growth, and tree health were compared. The standard rootstocks Carrizo citrange and Swingle citrumelo were intermediate to good in their effect on fruit productivity, while the new numbered hybrid selections ranged from high productivity to very low productivity. Cumulative production over the five year period (2001-2005) ranged from 817 kg of fruit per tree for US-1209 rootstock to 535 kg of fruit per tree for US-1211 rootstock. The rootstocks also differed significantly in their effect on tree size, as well as fruit brix and other fruit quality traits. The rootstocks Swingle citrumelo, US-1203, and US-1205 typically produced fruit with low brix values, while the rootstocks US-1213 and US-1210 produced fruit with higher soluble solids concentrations. Some of the new hybrid rootstocks appeared promising for more widespread commercial trials. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bowman, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700030 ER PT S AU Ryan-Bohac, J Jackson, DM Olczyk, TA Simonne, E Nagata, R AF Ryan-Bohac, Janice Jackson, D. Michael Olczyk, Teresa A. Simonne, Eric Nagata, Russell GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI Development of multiple pest resistant sweetpotatoes for organic production and new uses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 119TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE Ipomoea batatas; Cylas formicarius; boniato; host plant resistance; genetic improvement ID PERIDERM; REGAL AB The highly nutritious sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.], is heat tolerant and productive throughout Florida. Both the sweet, orange-fleshed, and dry-fleshed, 'Boniato' types of varieties are grown. There are many insect pests and diseases that limit production of the crop and several sweetpotato genotypes with multiple resistances to these pests suitable for organic production developed by scientists from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS). A laboratory bioassay was developed with the important insect pest Diabrotica balteata (Le Conte), which was shown to correlate with field insect resistance. Some of the biochemical compounds that confer resistance have also been identified. Based on field trials in South Carolina and Florida, researchers from ARS and University of Florida have released 'Liberty', the first multiple pest-resistant sweetpotato cultivar released for new uses. 'Liberty' has excellent quality as a dry-fleshed Boniato type and has roots with superior storage and processing potential for chips and ethanol. In 2005 and 2006, field trials in Homestead, Florida were conducted to evaluate sweetpotato germplasm for resistance to the sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius (Fab). Preliminary data from these trials showed some sweetpotato genotypes were highly resistant. C1 USDA, ARS, Us Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Ryan-Bohac, J (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Us Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM jbohac@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC JI Proc. Fla. State Horticult. Soc. PY 2006 VL 119 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700063 ER PT S AU Plotto, A Chandler, CK AF Plotto, Anne Chandler, Craig K. GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI Taste panels evaluate quality of five university of Florida strawberry selections SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc ID ATTRIBUTES AB Five promising selections from the University of Florida's strawberry breeding program were compared with the industry standard 'Festival' in consumer panels on 2 February and 9 March 2006. Several of the selections were rated equal to, but not higher than, 'Festival' for appearance and/or flavor on the February date. However, on the March date, FL 00-51 exceeded 'Festival' for appearance and flavor; FL 01-116 exceeded 'Festival' for appearance but was not significantly different than 'Festival' for flavor; and FL 99-164 equaled 'Festival' for both appearance and flavor. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, 600 Ave S ,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 308 EP 311 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700076 ER PT S AU Plotto, A Narciso, J Baldwin, EA Rattanapanone, N AF Plotto, Anne Narciso, Jan Baldwin, Elizabeth A. Rattanapanone, Nithiya GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI Edible coatings and other surface treatments to maintain color of lychee fruit in storage SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc ID LITCHI-CHINENSIS SONN; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; ANTHOCYANIN DEGRADATION; PERICARP; PEROXIDASE; PHYSIOLOGY; CHITOSAN; ACID AB The bright red pericarp of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit quickly turns brown after harvest due to peel dehydration, anthocyanin degradation, and fungal growth on the fruit surface. Lychee fruit, cv. 'Brewster' and 'Mauritius' in Florida, and 'Juckapat' in Thailand, were dipped in acidic treatments (2-2.5% citric acid, 2% ascorbic acid, 2% acetic acid, 1% isoascorbic acid), antioxidants (0.5% acetylcysteine, 0.02% hexylresorcinol), antimicrobial treatments (peroxyacetic acid [Storox], 5 or 20% ethanol) and various coatings (carrageenan, hydroxypropylcellulose [HPC], sucrose fatty acid esters [Sem-perfresh], pectin oligomers, and a carnauba wax emulsion), alone or in combination. Combinations of acid solutions with antioxidants gave better results than acid solutions alone. in particular, the mixture of isoascorbic acid with acetylcysteine and hexylresorcinol gave higher chroma readings with the L*a*b* color measuring system, indicating higher color intensity. This treatment also had better decay control and reduced browning. Ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, and acetylcysteine alone resulted in higher chroma in one experiment. Visual quality was higher for these treatments after 15 and 21 days storage at 5 degrees C, as well as for the sucrose fatty acid ester. HPC performed well on the Thai fruit, but not on the Floridian fruit. Finally, among the antimicrobial treatments, ethanol at 5% had lower browning and better decay control, and resulted in higher visual quality of 'Mauritius' lychee after 2 weeks. Future efforts will also aim at reducing pathogen pressure in the field, as well as after harvest. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700080 ER PT S AU Pinnavaia, S Baldwin, EA Plotto, A Narciso, J Senesi, E AF Pinnavaia, Simona Baldwin, Elizabeth A. Plotto, Anne Narciso, Jan Senesi, Emilio GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI Enzyme-peeling of valencia oranges for fresh-cut slices SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE citrus sinensis; fresh cut fruit; enzyme peeling ID SHELF-LIFE; OPTIMIZATION; GRAPEFRUIT; QUALITY AB In spite of the booming market for fresh cut fruit, fresh cut citrus products have not been successfully commercialized due to technical difficulties in peeling the fruit and concerns over microbial contamination and juice leakage. The USDA and the Florida Department of Citrus have developed processes using enzyme infiltration under vacuum as well as water infusion to facilitate citrus peeling. However, the enzymes (cellulase and/or pectinase) continue their lytic action on the slices after the peeling process, reportedly degrading the slices during storage, and likely contributing to objectionable softening and juice leakage. There is also a perceived fear of microbial contamination in the process of enzyme infiltration or water infusion. The objective of the present study was to investigate low level enzyme concentrations and use of an acid solution (0.1 N HCl) rinse and cold conditioning (2 degrees C for 24 hours) to slow down enzymatic activity after peeling of 'Valencia'oranges. In addition, the infiltration system was used to compare two commercial enzymes and water infusion for efficacy of peeling and effect on microbial contamination. Quality factors including juice leakage, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, and surface microbial counts were evaluated over three different harvests. Water infusion resulted in less attractive slices and a tougher texture compared to enzyme-treated fruit slices. Microbial counts were highest in water-infused fruit compared to those treated with enzymes or manually peeled, which in both cases were very low. Of the two enzymes tested, Ultrazym resulted in firmer slices and generally less juice leakage, although leakage was minimal for both enzymes within a two-week storage period at the enzyme concentrations used. Juice leakage, however, was not affected by the acid treatment or temperature conditioning. C1 Ist Sperimentale Valorizzaz Tecnol Prodotti Agr, Milan, Italy. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700082 ER PT S AU Manthey, JA Myung, K Mertens-Talcott, S Derendorf, H Butterweck, V Widmer, WW AF Manthey, John A. Myung, Kyung Mertens-Talcott, Susanne Derendorf, Hartmut Butterweck, Veronika Widmer, Wilbur W. GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI The isolation of minor-occurring furanocoumarins in grapefruit and analysis of their inhibition of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein transport of talinolol from CACO-2 cells SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc ID CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4; JUICE COMPONENTS; ORANGE JUICE; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION; DERIVATIVES; DIMERS; P450; BERGAMOTTIN; COUMARINS AB The effects of grapefruit juice on the disposition of certain prescription drugs in humans have been mainly attributed to the inhibition of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) by linear furanocoumarins. A number of the main furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice have been identified and analyzed for their inhibition of CYP 3A4; yet many of the minor constituents in grapefruit juice remain uncharacterized. In this paper the isolation of eleven of these minor-occurring furanocournarins is reported, and their diverse chemical structures are analyzed by UV and mass spectroscopy (MS). Most of these compounds are derivatives of bergamottin. These compounds were further tested for their inhibition of P-glycoprotein inhibition of talinolol transport out of Caco-2 cells, and for their in vitro inhibition of CYP 3A4. Inhibition of the P-glycoprotein transport occurred with four of eight compounds tested, with 2 compounds exhibiting significant inhibition of the Pglycoprotein transport at 1 ppm. Many of these compounds were also potent inhibitors of CYP 3A4 compared to the known compounds, bergamottin, 6', 7'-dihydroxybergamottin, and 6', 7'-epoxybergamottin. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RI Mertens, Thomas/E-9826-2013; Derendorf, Hartmut/B-4628-2012 OI Derendorf, Hartmut/0000-0003-4016-1370 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700089 ER PT S AU Jaitrong, S Rattanapanone, N Manthey, JA AF Jaitrong, Somkit Rattanapanone, Nithiya Manthey, John A. GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI Analysis of the phenolic compounds in longan (Dimocarpus longan lour.) peel SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc ID FRUIT AB Longan fruit are susceptible to chilling injury, where the injured peel exhibits discoloration due to water-soaking and enzymatic browning. This peel discoloration is dependent to a large degree on the composition of the phenolic compounds. Yet, the main classes of phenols in longan peel remain largely uncharacterized. In order to further characterize these classes of compounds, and to begin investigating the differences in these compounds resulting from chilling injury, two varieties ('Daw' and 'Biew Kiew') were subjected to cold storage. Peels of the stored fruit were freeze-dried and extracted with 80% aqueous methanol. HPLC, coupled with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectral (MS) analysis, provided evidence of a large number of UV-absorbing compounds in longan peel, the majority of which are phenolic compounds. Subsequent fractionation of these compounds by size-exclusion chromatography effectively separated several main classes of phenolic compounds, including ellagic acid conjugates, flavone glycosides, and a set of other phenols with unknown structures, but which were grouped together because of their similar MS, UV and IR spectra. HPLC analysis of acid hydrolyzed extracts of longan peel showed that the majority of the flavones were glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. Similar analyses also showed evidence of ellagic acid glycosides. The spectral properties of these compounds are reported, and several of the main classes of phenols in longan peel are described. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Postharvest Technol Inst, Chiang Mai, Thailand. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700091 ER PT S AU Goodner, KL Bai, JH AF Goodner, Kevin L. Bai, Jinhe GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI The use of stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) for analytical food analysis SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ORANGE JUICE; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; OPTIMIZATION; VOLATILES; SPME AB Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is a relatively new technique which employs an adsorptive coating on a magnetic stir bar. The technique is similar to solid phase microextraction (SPME) in theory, but in practice is considerably different due to the difference in physical design. Three experiments were conducted to explore aspects of using SBSE for food analysis. First is a basic examination of calibration curves using SBSE versus SPME. SBSE behaved similarly to SPME in terms of accuracy and precision. The best results were obtained by one stir bar to sample each calibrating solution instead of using the same stir bar to sample all of the calibration solutions. Second, the viability of using SBSE to simplify long distance collaboration was examined by exposing six SBSEs to pineapple juice and analyzing three immediately and then another three 24 hours later to simulate over night shipping of the stir bars. Qualitatively, the chromatograms were identical, and quantitatively, only two of the twenty peaks examined were statistically significantly different. Lastly, the possibility of inserting the stir bars inside of immature fruit, allowing the fruit to grow around the stir bar, extracting the stir bar, and determining fruit maturity markers was examined. This sampling method was found to be not practical due to the lack of mobility of compounds inside fruit and the resulting chromatogram intensities were too weak for normal analysis with only methyl tridecanoate exhibiting any correlation with ripening (r = -0.8 for both 'Bartlett' and 'D'Anjou' varieties). C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 379 EP 382 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700093 ER PT S AU Goodner, KL Kinton, VR AF Goodner, Kevin L. Kinton, Vanessa R. GP Florida State Horticultural Society TI Using a mass spectrometer library matching system to identify citrus and other food/non-food products SO Proceedings of the 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 04-06, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc ID IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHMS AB A method that identifies products based on a composite mass spectrum using standard chemical library searching functions is presented. Composite mass spectra were collected by sampling the headspace of a product directly without separation prior to analysis by a mass spectrometer. A library of spectra for 51 products (5 soaps, 2 hand lotions, 4 potato chips, 4 ketchups, 2 peanut butters, 4 breath mints/ gums, 13 citrus juices, 1 bourbon, 3 onions, 5 colas, 3 coffees, 5 peppers) was generated, and 7 unknowns samples (17 runs total with replicates) were tested against the library. Eleven of the 17 unknown sample runs were correctly identified with the top rated library match, four were identified as the second best match, and 2 were not identified in the top two matches. This level of correct matching (15 of 17 as best or second best match) is encouraging, suggesting that this technique could be used on a larger scale for product identification. This technique requires fewer analyses, doesn't require advanced statistical knowledge, and uses widely known mass spectral library tools. A SIMCA model identified all 9 citrus product samples in a validation data set. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Products Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2006 VL 119 BP 383 EP 387 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGJ01 UT WOS:000247372700094 ER PT B AU Absher, JD Kyle, GT AF Absher, James D. Kyle, Gerard T. BE Burns, R Robinson, K TI A deconstruction of the I-M-L commitment segmentation of forest recreationists SO Proceedings of the 2006 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium SE USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station General Technical Report GTR-NRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 09-11, 2006 CL Bolton Landing, NY SP USDA Forest Serv, Venture Publishing AB Previous work has established the general utility of segmenting forest recreationists according to their commitment profiles into Indifferents, Moderates, and Loyalists (IML) groups. Observed differences between these segments suggest that place identity and affect are more central to management than previously thought. This study extends this finding through the use of deconstruction analysis across common activity groupings that encapsulate use and lifestyle factors, namely visitor centers, trailheads, off highway vehicle (OHV) areas and developed sites. Results again show strong consistency in the IML segmentation itself, with only value congruence substantially not conforming. This analysis finds little evidence that alternative cultural values or social power issues are significant factors in the segmentation, and further reinforces the finding that the commitment profile segmentation is robust and stable. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE PI NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 11 CAMPUS BLVD, STE 200, NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073-3294 USA J9 USDA FOR SERV NRS GT PY 2006 IS P-14 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry; Management; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Business & Economics; Sociology GA BGU44 UT WOS:000250664700006 ER PT B AU More, TA AF More, Thomas A. BE Burns, R Robinson, K TI The privatization of public lands SO Proceedings of the 2006 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium SE USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station General Technical Report GTR-NRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 09-11, 2006 CL Bolton Landing, NY SP USDA Forest Serv, Venture Publishing C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE PI NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 11 CAMPUS BLVD, STE 200, NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073-3294 USA J9 USDA FOR SERV NRS GT PY 2006 IS P-14 BP 135 EP 141 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry; Management; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Business & Economics; Sociology GA BGU44 UT WOS:000250664700018 ER PT B AU Dennis, DE Twery, MJ AF Dennis, Donald E. Twery, Mark J. BE Burns, R Robinson, K TI Choice modeling: Public preferences for enhancing benefits from private forests in the adirondacks SO Proceedings of the 2006 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium SE USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station General Technical Report GTR-NRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 09-11, 2006 CL Bolton Landing, NY SP USDA Forest Serv, Venture Publishing AB Recognizing the importance of private land in meeting society's needs for forest-related benefits, public agencies fund programs that provide aid to private landowners to enhance public benefits derived from these lands. This may include technical help, education, tax incentives, and cost-share programs for various management activities. It is important that program goals be aligned with underlying public values and preferences. A random utility model provides the theoretical construct for a choice model in which respondents rank alternatives displaying varying levels of cost and public efforts to improve timber production, wildlife habitats, and recreational opportunities on private forest land. Personal interviews were conducted at the Adirondack Visitor Interpretive Center located in Paul Smiths, NY. Participants completed a conjoint ranking survey and a series of demographic and attitudinal questions. Most respondents believed the availability of forest-related recreation is important to society and that landowners should be permitted to restrict access to their land. However, less than half of the respondents thought landowners should receive incentives to permit public recreation. A nonmetric conjoint analysis (SAS) estimated the parameters of the choice model. Results provide the relative preferences and acceptable tradeoffs between cost and the different program goals (timber, wildlife habitat, and recreational opportunities) of respondents. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE PI NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 11 CAMPUS BLVD, STE 200, NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073-3294 USA J9 USDA FOR SERV NRS GT PY 2006 IS P-14 BP 362 EP 366 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry; Management; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Business & Economics; Sociology GA BGU44 UT WOS:000250664700048 ER PT S AU Griesbach, R Beck, R Hammond, J AF Griesbach, R. Beck, R. Hammond, J. BE Schiva, T TI Regulatory genes in creating flower color patterns SO Proceedings of the 22nd International Eucarpia Symposium Section Ornamentals: Breeding for Beauty SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Eucarpia Symposium Section Ornamentals - Breeding for Beauty CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL San Remo, ITALY DE anthocyanin; virus; tobacco etch virus; Petunia ID PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; BIOSYNTHESIS; R2R3-MYB; PROTEIN AB Differences in structural gene expression are responsible for a wide range of responses from human cancer to patterned flowers. Gene silencing is one of the ways in which gene expression is controlled. We have developed a model system to study gene silencing using a gene silencing mutation in Petunia (Star mutation) and the ability of certain viruses to reverse the silencing mutation. This model system was used to characterize how the Star flower color pattern was controlled. C1 USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Griesbach, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-549-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 714 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFJ81 UT WOS:000242403400019 ER PT B AU Klepzig, K Hofstetter, R Ayres, M Taerum, S AF Klepzig, K. Hofstetter, R. Ayres, M. Taerum, S. BE Meyer, W Pearce, C TI Interactions of fungi and tree killing bark beetles: Geographic variation and interspecific competition SO Proceedings of the 8th International Mycological Congress LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Mycological Congress of the International-Mycological-Association (IMC8) CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Australasian Mycol Soc, Int Mycol Assoc ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; SCOLYTIDAE AB We have described in detail the complex interactions of Dendroctonus frontalis with its fungi. We also recently described the first occurrence of Dendroctonus mexicanus in the US. Nothing was known about the fungi associated with this insect. We isolated fungi from beetles collected in southern Mexico, southern Arizona and Mississippi. We identified individual isolates of fungi and compared their competitive abilities. We have identified new fungi associated with both of these tree killing bark beetles. While stain fungi appear to be less prevalent in association with D. mexicanus than with D. frontalis. Fungi associated with D. mexicanus are capable of effectively competing with D. frontalis associated fungi. Despite the close association between these beetles, there are significant differences in the composition and function of their fungal associates. Effective management will depend on accurate characterization of these closely related symbiotic systems. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Klepzig, K (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 978-88-7587-276-2 PY 2006 BP 205 EP 207 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA BFP29 UT WOS:000243577800035 ER PT S AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Rowland, LJ AF Ehlenfeldt, M. K. Rowland, L. J. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Cold-hardiness of Vaccinium ashei and V constablaei germplasm and the potential for northern-adapted rabbiteye cultivars SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE V. ashei; V. constablaei; cold-hardiness; winter-hardiness; deacclimation AB Cold hardiness evaluations were recently completed on a range of blueberry germplasm. Two notable determinations were the extreme cold-hardiness of V. constablaei Gray populations, and the exceptional cold-hardiness of 'Little Giant', a V. constablaei x V. ashei Reade hybrid. In recent years, the USDA has generated V ashei - V. constablaei derivatives to provide late-flowering, early-ripening rabbiteye (V. ashei) germplasm for the southern U.S.; however, this germplasm has also performed well in New Jersey, and could potentially provide northern-adapted rabbiteye types. Rabbiteye has great vigor, heat adaptation, and excellent fruit quality (however, some cultivars may be seedy or gritty); it is early flowering, and late ripening. V. constablaei is very slow to flower, relatively early ripening, and also has good fruit quality. When combined, these germplasms complement each other in many respects. Particularly notable is the elimination of the objectionable grittiness in hybrid fruit. Hybrids are late flowering, mid- to late-ripening, and tend to be both dark- and small-fruited. It is expected that with further recombination and hybridization, it will be possible to select hybrids improved for critical commercial characteristics, and to derive selections suitable to locations ranging from the far northern U.S. to the far southern U.S. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry, Res & Extens Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry, Res & Extens Ctr, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300008 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE Sabitov, A Cherbukin, P Vorsa, N AF Hummer, Kim E. Sabitov, Andrey Cherbukin, Pavel Vorsa, Nicholi BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Vaccinium from Primorsky, Khabarovsk, Amursky and the Sakhalin Territories, Russia SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE blueberries; lingonberries; cranberries; bog bilberries; Russian Far East; Siberia AB During 2001, 2002, and 2003, three U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) sponsored plant expeditions collected Vaccinium L. native to the Primorsky, Khabarovsk, Amursky and Sakhalin Territories, Russia. These expeditions were a collaborative effort between the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, the N.. Vavilov, All-Union Research Institute, Far East Experiment Station, Vladivostok, Russia, and The Rutgers University, in New Jersey. During these expeditions 136 seedlots of seven Vaccinium species were obtained. Most of the samples were from the dark-fruited V. smallii A. Gray, V. axilare Nakai (syn. = V. ovalifolium Smith), and V. uliginosum L. In addition, the collection included the little-leaf cranberry, V. oxycoccos f. microphylla syn. = V. microcarpon (Turcz.), and the larger-leaf form [V. oxycoccos L. subsp. paulustris = Oxycoccus quadripetalus (Turcz.)]. Red-fruited types, including lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea L.), and the pungent, low-growing V. praestans Lamb., were also collected. Wild collected berries comprised a significant part of the food of local peoples. Vaccinium praestans, V. axilare, and late in the season, V. smallii and V. oxycoccos, were commonly sold in markets. Sakhalin Island and the coastal region of Khabarovsk supported diverse Vaccinium genetic resources. Population samples of open pollinated seed were collected and shared between the sponsoring agencies. Seeds can be obtained by request from the Curator of the USDA ARS NCGR-Corvallis. These expeditions are part of a long-term plan for ex situ preservation of Vaccinium taxa from the temperate regions of the Pacific Rim, including the Pacific Northwestern United States, Canada, Alaska, Russia, China, Hawaii, Japan, and Korea. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300011 ER PT S AU Stringer, SJ Smith, BJ Spiers, JM Draper, A AF Stringer, Stephen J. Smith, Barbara J. Spiers, James M. Draper, Arlen BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI 'DeSoto' a new semi-dwarf rabbiteye (V. asheii, Reade) blueberry SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE rabbiteye blueberry; Vaccinium asheii; semi-dwarf AB 'DeSoto' rabbiteye blueberry is a new cultivar developed and being increased for release by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture breeding programs in Poplarville, MS. 'DeSotol, tested as MS 63 resulted from a cross between T110 and T107. Plants of 'DeSoto' are vigorous but semi-dwarf, upright, and spreading. Its unique semi-dwarf growth habit results in bushes that attain a height of approximately 2 meters upon maturity, eliminating the necessity of top-pruning that is required for all other rabbiteye blueberry cultivars. Although plants are semi-dwarf, they are highly productive. Fruit of 'DeSoto' are medium to large, have excellent color, flavor and firmness with a small picking sear and ripen about 14 to 21 days after 'Climax', one of the earliest bearing rabbiteye blueberry cultivars. 'DeSoto' is recommended for local fresh market, pick-your-own and dooryard / garden plantings. 'DeSotol was named in honor of the Spanish explorer Hernando DeSoto who entered Mississippi in 1541. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS USA. RP Stringer, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300012 ER PT S AU Marshall, DA Spiers, JM Smith, BJ AF Marshall, Donna A. Spiers, J. M. Smith, B. J. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Spring freeze damage to rabbiteye blueberry buds and berries SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE Vaccinium ashei Reade; rabbiteye blueberry; freeze damage AB A spring freeze on March 31, 2003 with a low temperature of -1.9 degrees C provided an opportunity to evaluate freeze tolerance of 11 rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei) blueberry cultivars over a range of bloom maturity. On April 4, three flower buds at bloom maturity stages of 4, 5, and 6 along with 3 small fruit (<= 4 mm) and 3 large fruit (>= 5 mm - all still green) were tagged and labeled with stage of bloom and number of individual flowers present or number of fruit present. On April 25, flower bud, flowers, and fruit were rated for survival and viable flowers and fruit were counted. Rate of survival was calculated from the number of potential fruit present (flower buds and green fruit) and the number of fruit alive after freeze. Over all cultivars, flower buds, regardless of stage, had a higher survival rate than did fruit. There were differences between cultivars. 'Austin', 'Centurion', and 'Yadkin' sustained more freeze damage to smaller fruit compared to larger fruit. The large fruit of 'Yadkin' and 'Centurion' had equal damage resistance as flower buds. Overall, 'Powderblue', 'Ira', and 'Centurion' had the greatest freeze damage resistance while 'Climax', 'Montgomery', 'Tifblue', and 'Premier' were more susceptible to spring freeze damage. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Marshall, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 101 EP 103 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300013 ER PT S AU Spiers, JM Marshall, DA Smith, BJ Braswell, JH AF Spiers, J. M. Marshall, D. A. Smith, B. J. Braswell, J. H. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Method to determine chilling requirement in blueberries SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE rabbiteye blueberry; Vaccinium ashei Reade; southern highbush blueberry; Vaccinium corymbosum L.; chill hour requirement ID RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY AB A chilling study was initiated in January 1998 on 'Tifblue' rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and blueberry plants that had received > 500 chilling hours (< 7 degrees C). The terminal 2 flower buds from both excised stems and paired stems on plants were forced in a greenhouse and rated for floral bud development. After 23 days of forcing, flower buds from all treatments had reached stage 3, an easily recognizable stage of development. Excised stems did not differ from matching intact stems for the first 3.5 weeks of forcing, but after >= 4.5 weeks of forcing in the greenhouse floral bud development ratings on excised stems were significantly lower than those on intact stems. Another study was started in October 1999 to determine the accuracy and efficiency of using cuttings from plants to determine the sufficient accumulation of chilling for bloom. In this study 2 rabbiteye (Tifblue and Climax) and 3 southern highbush (V. corymbosum x) (Jubilee, Pearl River and Biloxi) cultivars were naturally chilled. At 100 chilling hour (< 7 degrees C) intervals, plants. and cuttings were placed in a greenhouse and floral development was rated weekly. In this study the rate of floral development generally did not significantly differ between buds on excised stems and stems on intact plants for the first 3 weeks of forcing. We have found that for 3.5 weeks, buds on excised stems develop the same as those on intact plants. We therefore propose that chilling requirements of a plant are satisfied if a floral bud reaches stage 3, an easily identifiable stage of flowering in which the floral apices are visible, within a 3 week period of forcing. Using this method to determine chilling hours required to break dormancy, data indicated that 'Biloxi' required 200 hours <= 7 degrees C, 'Climax' - 300 hours, 'Tifblue', 'Jubilee', and 'Pearl River' - 400 hours. These data approximate field observations on blooming sequence of these cultivars. These studies indicate that floral bud development in excised stems approximate that of intact plants for a period of 3 1/2 weeks and with sufficient chilling reach a stage of at least 3 within this period of forcing. These studies indicate that cuttings from blueberry plants can be used to determine approximate chill hour requirements. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Spiers, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300014 ER PT S AU Boches, PS Bassil, NV Hummer, K Rowland, J AF Boches, P. S. Bassil, N. V. Hummer, K. Rowland, J. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Cross-species amplification of SSRs in the genus Vaccinium SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE blueberry; genetics; DNA; microsatellites; EST ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; MARKERS AB Primers were designed to amplify 36 simple sequence repeat (SSR) sequences identified in an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) library derived from Vaccinium corymbosum. They were tested for amplification in other species of the genus Vaccinium. Two representatives each from the species V. ovatum, V. arboreum, V. elliottii, V. tenellum, V. darrowii, V. bracteatum, V. oldhaniii (one representative only), V. macrocarpon, V. vitis-idea, V. parvifolium, V. crassifolium and diploid V. corymbosum were tested. Sixteen SSRs were amplified in all genotypes tested. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences between species in the number of loci that were amplified. EST-SSR loci developed in tetraploid V corymbosum were most easily transferable to other members of section () Cyanococcus and least easily transferable to sections Oxycoccos, Herpothamnus, Myrtillus, and Batodendron in descending order. Several loci amplified exclusively in sections Cyanoccus, Batodendron, Bracteatum and Ciliata, possibly indicating a genetic link between Vaccinium in the southeastern United States and those present in Asia. C1 USDA ARS, NCGE, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Boches, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGE, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 119 EP 127 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300016 ER PT S AU Finn, CE Mackey, T AF Finn, C. E. Mackey, T. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Growth, yield, and fruit quality of 10 lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) cultivars and selections in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE titratable acidity; soluble solids; pH AB Lingonberry (Vaccinium vids- idaea L.) has a long history of commercial harvest in Europe and parts of northern North America, but is considered a new crop in the Pacific Northwest region (PNW) of the United States. 'Koralle' and, to a lesser extent, 'Red Pearl' are the standard cultivars for the PNW industry. Three Swedish advanced selections (87102-3, 8723-10, 8724-49) from the now closed Balsgfird Research Station, and seven cultivars ('Ida', 'Korallel, 'Linnea', 'Red Pearl', 'Sanna', 'Splendor', and 'Sussi') were compared in a replicated trial at the USDA-ARS in Corvallis, Ore. (USA). Genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design in autumn 2000 on raised beds. Prior to planting, the soil pH was adjusted to 4.5 and sawdust was incorporated into the planting row. Vigorous genotypes filled their beds by late 2002. In 2002, vigor and full bloom date for the first cropping season were recorded. In 2003 most of the genotypes had two crops and some had a third fall bloom, therefore Is bloom, full bloom, first fully colored ("ripe") and 50% of fruit fully colored for each crop were recorded along with plant vigor. Fruit were harvested in both years and berry weight determined. Soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and total anthocyanins were determined from frozen samples. While 'Linnea' and 'Sussi' had a single crop that ripened in late July-early August, the other genotypes had two crops the first ripened in mid-July and the second in late September-early October. 'Ida' had the largest fruit and the greatest yield even though it was in the middle of the group for vigor scores. 'Ida's fruit were over 40% heavier than the second largest genotype (8723-10), and nearly twice as heavy with almost twice the yield as Woralle'. 'Red Pearl', which is also grown commercially in the PNW, had a very poor yield and was similar to'Koralle' in fruit size. Those cultivars that had a significant crop in mid-summer would be of value to small farms selling to local farmers markets but the poorer fruit quality under these conditions would mean this fruit would not be valuable for harvest for the processing market or the valuable American Thanksgiving holiday market. 'Sussi' and 'Linnea's single, August harvest is too early while the environmental conditions are still somewhat unfavorable. 'Ida', 8724-49, 'Koralle','Linnea', and 'Red Pearl' had 80-100% of their crop ripen in September. Of these, 'Ida' and Woralle', and perhaps 8723-10, appear to have the best overall horticultural characteristics and fruit characteristics. C1 USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, HCRL, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300042 ER PT S AU Bryla, DR Strik, BC AF Bryla, David R. Strik, Bernadine C. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Variation in plant and soil water relations among irrigated blueberry cultivars planted at two distinct in-row spacings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE Vaccinium corymbosum; soil water content; stem water potential; stomatal conductance; root water uptake AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of in-row spacing on plant and soil water relations in 'Duke', 'Bluecrop', and 'Elliott' highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and to identify possible mechanisms that may enhance the ability of these cultivars to tolerate short-term soil water deficits. Changes in soil water content, stem water potential, and leaf stomatal conductance were measured 4 years after planting on well-irrigated plants of each cultivar spaced 0.5 or 1.2 m within rows on raised beds (similar to 0.3 in high) and 3.0 in between rows. Irrigation (711 mm) was applied equally to all treatments by overhead sprinklers during the dry summer months from mid-May to early-September. Close spacing significantly reduced individual shoot dry weight, but also significantly increased crop light interception and water uptake from 0-0.6 in soil depth compared to plants spaced further apart. Spacing had little effect, however, on plant water relations. Independent of cultivar and spacing, stomatal conductance decreased rapidly as stem water potential approached -0.6 to -0.8 MPa. Among cultivars, 'Bluccrop' had the lowest root mass and root:shoot dry weight ratio at either spacing, while 'Elliott' had the highest. 'Duke', however, produced the deepest root system, extracting a significant amount of water below 0.6 in when plants were closely spaced. 'Duke' also maintained, on average, higher stem water potentials and greater stomatal conductance than the other cultivars as soil water was depleted. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orcard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM brylad@onid.orst.edu; Strikb@science.oregonstate.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300043 ER PT S AU Starr, GC Yarborough, DE AF Starr, G. C. Yarborough, D. E. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Influence of vapor deposition on wild blueberry water requirements in a humid coastal climate SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE Vaccinium augustifolium; evapotranspiration; water management; irrigation ID ADSORPTION; SOIL AB Growers need recommendations to improve both the timing and amount of irrigation water applied to wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) in the humid coastal region of Maine where direct vapor deposition may also supply water to the crop. This study was initiated to quantify the rates and timing of vapor deposition in relation to rates of evapotranspiration (ET). Weighing lysimeters were used to determine rates of net water vapor deposition (VD) or vapor uptake (VU) during hours when rainfall and drainage were not occurring. Vapor deposition occurred throughout the evening, night, and early morning during the fruit bearing year of a two year cropping cycle for the period June 11 to October 8, 2003. The mean values of daily VD, VU, and ET were 0.075 cm/d, 0.335 cm/d, and 0.27 cm/d with a coefficient of variability of 71%, 44%, and 71%, respectively. Thus, VD accounted for around 22% of total water taken up by the plants and amounted to 28% of ET. Under these conditions, classical approaches to irrigation scheduling based solely on rainfall measurements may result in over application of water by failing to account for vapor deposition. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Starr, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300048 ER PT S AU Martin, RR Bristow, PR Wegener, LA AF Martin, R. R. Bristow, P. R. Wegener, L. A. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Scorch and shock: Emerging virus diseases of highbush blueberry and other Vaccinium species SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN ID 1ST REPORT; FIELD SPREAD; TRANSMISSION; ILARVIRUS AB Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV) was first characterized in 1988 and subsequently it was shown that Sheep Pen Hill Disease of blueberry in New Jersey was caused by a strain of BlScV. There was not much interest in the virus until the mid 1990's when blueberry scorch disease became increasingly important in New Jersey. In 2000, BlScV was detected for the first time in British Columbia, Canada and has since been found to be widespread in blueberry plantings there. The virus can be transmitted by several different aphids under experimental conditions but the vector(s) that are important for transmission in the field are not known. In 2003, it was discovered that cranberry is a symptomless host for BlScV. It appears that there are significant biological differences between some strains of BlScV especially with respect to symptoms in many cultivars. The NW type strains do not produce visible symptoms in many cultivars, whereas the EC strains cause leaf and flower blighting in most cultivars other than 'Jersey'. Blueberry shock virus (BlShV) was first reported in 1991 in Washington and Oregon and has continued to spread in Oregon, Washington and British Columbia since that time. It has not been reported from other blueberry production areas. It is pollen-borne and plants show a severe shock (dieback of flowers and leaves) reaction the first one or two years after infection but do not show any symptoms in subsequent years and the recovered plants produce a full crop. Other viruses of importance in blueberry include Tomato ringspot, Tobacco ringspot, Blueberry shoestring and Blueberry leaf mottle along with a few viruses of minor importance. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 463 EP 467 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300070 ER PT S AU Smith, BJ AF Smith, Barbara J. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Phytophthora root rot and Botryosphaeria stem blight: Important diseases of southern highbush blueberries in the southern United States SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE Vaccinium corymbosum; Rabbiteye blueberry; V. ashei; Botryosphaeria dothidea; Phytophthora cinnamomi ID DOTHIDEA AB Southern highbush cultivars are extending the range of commercial blueberry production further south in the U.S. due to their low winter chill requirement, late spring bloom, and early fruit production; however, little is known about their susceptibility to diseases. These studies are part of a series whose objective is to compare the susceptibility of southern highbush blueberry cultivars to two diseases common to the southern U. S.: stem blight, caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Phytophthora root rot caused by the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi. The susceptibility of southern highbush cultivars to root rot was determined by growing the plants in soil infested with A cinnamomi. 'Star', 'Bluecrisp', 'O'Neal', 'Jewel', 'Jubilee', 'Southmoon', and 'Misty' were more vigorous than other cultivars in at least two of three separate trials. The susceptibility of 20 southern highbush blueberry cultivars to stem blight was evaluated using a detached stem assay. Cultivars that developed lesions shorter than those on the susceptible rabbiteye, 'Tifblue', were classified as resistant and included 'Pearl River', 'Southmoon', 'Marimba', 'Star', 'Sebring', 'Ozarkblue', Georgiagem', 'Sapphire', 'Bluecrisp', 'Misty', and 'Emerald'. Those with lesions as long or longer than 'Tifblue' were classified as susceptible and included 'O'Neal', 'Legacy', 'Cooper', 'Bladen', 'Jubilee', 'Magnolia', 'Biloxi', 'Gulf Coast', and 'Reveille'. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 473 EP 479 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300072 ER PT S AU Polashock, JJ AF Polashock, James J. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI Screening for resistance to botryosphaeria stem blight and phomopsis twig blight in blueberry SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE Botryosphaeria dothidea; Phomopsis vaccinii; Vaccinium spp.; stem diseases AB Stem diseases of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) can cause significant crop loss as well as loss of entire bushes. Stem diseases also tend to be more difficult to control with fungicides than foliar or fruit diseases. We have initiated a program to screen blueberry cultivars for resistance to two important stem diseases, Botryosphaeria stem blight and Phomopsis twig blight. An attached stem assay was used to screen for resistance/susceptibility to both pathogens. Resistance/susceptibility was measured by comparison of stem lesion lengths after inoculation. Final measurements were taken at 4 weeks (stem blight) and 6 weeks (twig blight). Whole potted plants representing 52 cultivars were used for the study. For Botryosphaeria stem blight, lesion length varied from about 10 mm in resistant cultivars to about 140 mm in susceptible cultivars. Phomopsis twig blight lesions ranged in length from about 18 mm to about 98 mm. Cultivars that were resistant to one pathogen were not necessarily resistant to the other. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Polashock, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, 125A Lake Oswega Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 493 EP 495 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300075 ER PT S AU Martin, RR Tzanetakis, IE Sweeney, M Wegener, L AF Martin, R. R. Tzanetakis, I. E. Sweeney, M. Wegener, L. BE DaFonseca, LL Munoz, FR TI A virus associated with blueberry fruit drop disease SO Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY MAY 03-08, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN DE fruit drop; 'Bluecrop'; dsRNA; virus; detection ID CULTIVARS AB During the past few years a fruit drop symptom has been observed in several blueberry fields in Oregon, Washington and B.C. The plants flower normally, though the young leaves and flowers have a transient red coloration that is absent in healthy plants. The fruit develops to 3-5 mm in diameter and then aborts so that affected bushes mature virtually no fruit. The incidence within fields increases year to year suggesting that a pathogen is involved. Virus purification and mechanical transmissions to herbaceous hosts has been unsuccessful. Only one of more than 40 attempts at dsRNA purification was successful. Thus far, approximately 1700 nucleotides of the dsRNA template have been sequenced and two sets of primers for detection were developed. In RT-PCR assays, amplicons were obtained from symptomatic bushes with both sets of primers but not from asymptomatic bushes. The sequence obtained shows homology with fungal and vertebrate rather than plant viruses. The most closely related virus in a BLAST search was a Totivirus from Zygosaccharomyces. The possibility of a systemic virus-infected fungal pathogen can not be ruled out at this time. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-569-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 715 BP 497 EP 501 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BFL12 UT WOS:000242574300076 ER PT B AU Kenefic, LS Nyland, RD AF Kenefic, Laura S. Nyland, Ralph D. BE Kenefic, LS Nyland, RD TI Facilitating a dialogue about diameter-limit cutting SO Proceedings of the Conference on Diameter-Limit Cutting in Northeastern Forests SE USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN RESEARCH STATION GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diameter-Limit Cutting in Northeastern Forests CY MAY 23-24, 2005 CL Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA SP UMass Extens, UMass, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Soc Amer Foresters, Yankee Div HO Univ Massachusetts ID SILVICULTURE C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Bradley, ME USA. RP Kenefic, LS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Bradley, ME USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA FS NE RES ST GT PY 2006 VL 342 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BEI58 UT WOS:000237344600001 ER PT B AU Kenefic, LS Brissette, JC Sendak, PE AF Kenefic, Laura S. Brissette, John C. Sendak, Paul E. BE Kenefic, LS Nyland, RD TI Overview of USDA Forest Service research on diameter-limit cutting in northern conifers SO Proceedings of the Conference on Diameter-Limit Cutting in Northeastern Forests SE USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN RESEARCH STATION GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diameter-Limit Cutting in Northeastern Forests CY MAY 23-24, 2005 CL Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA SP UMass Extens, UMass, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Soc Amer Foresters, Yankee Div HO Univ Massachusetts ID STANDS; SILVICULTURE; MAINE C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Bradley, ME USA. RP Kenefic, LS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Bradley, ME USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA FS NE RES ST GT PY 2006 VL 342 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BEI58 UT WOS:000237344600004 ER PT B AU Fajvan, MA AF Fajvan, Mary Ann BE Kenefic, LS Nyland, RD TI Research on diameter-limit cutting in Central Appalachian forests SO Proceedings of the Conference on Diameter-Limit Cutting in Northeastern Forests SE USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN RESEARCH STATION GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diameter-Limit Cutting in Northeastern Forests CY MAY 23-24, 2005 CL Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA SP UMass Extens, UMass, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Soc Amer Foresters, Yankee Div HO Univ Massachusetts ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; HARDWOODS C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Fajvan, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA FS NE RES ST GT PY 2006 VL 342 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BEI58 UT WOS:000237344600005 ER PT J AU Wheeler, AG Henry, TJ AF Wheeler, AG Henry, TJ TI Gampsocoris decorus (Uhler) and Metacanthus tenellus Stal (Hemiptera : Berytidae): Neotropical stilt bugs as colonists of an African grass, Urochloa mutica (Poaceae), in Florida, with a review of berytid-grass associations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Lygaeoidea; Berytidae; Gampsocorinae; Metacanthinae; Para grass; host plants; new records; grass feeding ID JALYSUS-SPINOSUS HETEROPTERA; HOST PLANTS AB Host plants of the Neotropical stilt bugs Gampsocoris decorus (Uhler) (subfamily Gampsocorinae) and Metacanthus tenellus Stal (subfamily Metacanthinae), whose U.S. distributions are limited to Southern Texas and peninsular Florida, have been un-known or little known. In Florida, both berytids have colonized Pari grass (Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T Q. Nguyen; Poaceae), an invasive plant native to Africa. We collected G. decorus on Pari grass in 20 Counties and M. tenellus in 17 counties. Para grass is the first host plant recorded for G. decorus and first grass documented as a host for M. tenellus. Grass-feeding habits have evolved in three berytid clades and have been demonstrated for certain gampsocorines and metacanthines; grass feeding needs to be verified for bery-tine stilt bugs. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soil & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wheeler, AG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soil & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM awhlr@clemson.edu; thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 001WA UT WOS:000234572200001 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI Review of the cypress and juniper sawflies of the genus Susana Rohwer and Middleton (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Susaninae; sawflies; Cupressus; Juniperus; British Columbia; Oregon; Idaho; Nevada; California; Utah; Arizona; New Mexico AB Species of Susana Rohwer and Middleton Occur in western North America from British Columbia South to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Food plants are Cupressus spp. and Juniperus spp. (Cupressaceae). Ten species are known, including S. bakeri, n. sp., from Idaho, and S. marin, n. sp., and S. diablo, n. sp., from California. The males of S. oregonensis Smith and S. juniperi (Rohwer) are described for the first time. A key to species is presented, new distributions records are given, and a food plant summary is presented. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 62 EP 75 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 001WA UT WOS:000234572200008 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Solberg, VB Cyr, TL AF Carroll, JF Solberg, VB Cyr, TL TI Development of a bioassay for evaluating tick (Acari : Ixodidae) attractants in the field SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE lone star tick; Amblyomma americanum; carbon dioxide; dry ice ID CO2-BAITED TRAPS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; IXODES-DAMMINI; DRY-ICE; POPULATION; MOVEMENT AB A method for testing tick attractants under field conditions is described. The uneven distribution of host-seeking ticks, even within habitat types, can compromise evaluations of experimental baits and necessitate extensive testing. This problem can be remedied by releasing known numbers of ticks at predetermined locations and distances from an experimental bait. Lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), nymphs were released directly downwind of dry ice baits on 2.25 X 2.25 m cotton sheets that had been placed on the ground. Each sheet was aligned with the direction of the wind and edged with a masking tape barrier. Best results in discriminating between dry ice baits and untreated controls were with nymphs released 1.5 and 2 m from the bait and recaptured after 1 h in a zone <= 1 rn from the bait. The success of this method depends on the wind not stopping for prolonged periods and not radically changing direction. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 001WA UT WOS:000234572200010 ER PT J AU Zack, RS Ruiter, DE Strenge, DL Landour, PJ AF Zack, RS Ruiter, DE Strenge, DL Landour, PJ TI Adult caddisfly (Trichoptera) phenology at the Hanford Reach National Monument, Washington State SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Trichoptera; Hanford; survey; Washington state; caddisflies ID STREAMS AB Adult caddisflies were sampled on the Wahluke Wildlife Area and Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Subunits of the newly created (2000) Hanford Reach National Monument using 15-watt "black lights" from April 2002 through April 2003. A diverse fauna consisting of nine families,, 21 genera, and 33 species were collected. Protoptila coloma Ross, Agraylea multipunctata Curtis, Hydroptila xera Ross, Ceraclea alagma (Ross), Nectopsyche lahontanensis Haddock, Oecetis cinerascens (Hagen), and Ylodes reuteri (MacLachlan) represent new records for Washington State. Species composition and phenology are presented in tabular form. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, James Entomol Collect, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Zack, RS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, James Entomol Collect, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM zack@wsu.edu; druiter@msn.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 001WA UT WOS:000234572200015 ER PT S AU Browne, GT McLaughlin, ST Hacket, WP McGranahan, GH Leslie, CA AF Browne, G. T. McLaughlin, S. T. Hacket, W. P. McGranahan, G. H. Leslie, C. A. BE Malvolti, ME Avanzato, D TI Evaluation of resistance to Phytophthora citricola among diverse clones of Paradox hybrid rootstocks SO Proceedings of the Fifth International Walnut Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Walnut Symposium CY NOV 09-13, 2004 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE J. california; J. hindsii; J. major; J. microcarpa; J. nigra; Juglans regia x J. hindsii; Phytophthora crown rot; Phytophthora citricola; resistance; rootstock ID WALNUT AB In two 2004 experiments, 10 clones of diverse walnut hybrids from black (maternal, M) and English (paternal) parents were evaluated for resistance to Phytophthora citricola, a virulent and prevalent crown and root pathogen affecting California walnuts. The clones were selected from seed families for one or more traits, including putative tolerance to P citricola, Cherry Leaf Roll Virus, or Pratylenchus vulnus; or unique parentage. The selections were propagated as microshoots, rooted, acclimatized and grown in a greenhouse in 4 x 20 cm cones (3 months), subjected to dormant chilling (6 degrees C, 3 to 5 months), and allowed to resume growth in a greenhouse (2 to 3 months) before inoculation with P citricola. The plants were transferred from the cones into 2-liter pots filled with non-infested soil (6 plants per clone) or soil artificially infested with R citricola (12 per clone). Starting 2 weeks after transplanting, all plants received biweekly 48-h periods of soil flooding. Three months after transplanting, each plant was washed free from soil and rated for severity of root and crown rot. Severity of crown rot was affected by interactions of inoculation x clone (P < 0.0001) and experiment x inoculation x clone (P=0.05). Across experiments, non-inoculated controls developed little disease (means 0 to 5% crown length rotted), but inoculated clones developed moderate to severe crown rot. Highly susceptible clones (means 52 to 90% of crown length rotted) included AX-1 (M=J. californica); GZ-1 and PX-1 (M=J. hindsii); and WIP3 (M=J. hindsii x regia). Moderately tolerant clones (20 to 43% crown length rotted) included AZ-2, AZ-3, and NZ-1 (M=[J. major x hindsii] x nigra); JX-2 and VX-211 (M=J hindsii); and RX-1 (M=J. microcarpa). The results, obtained under conditions highly conducive to the disease, suggest that the moderately tolerant clones have potential as improved Paradox rootstocks in orchards infested with P citricold. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS,CPGRU, Davis, CA USA. RP Browne, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS,CPGRU, Davis, CA USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-426-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 705 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BEP74 UT WOS:000238772700056 ER PT S AU Hasey, J Browne, GT Ramos, DE AF Hasey, J. Browne, G. T. Ramos, D. E. BE Malvolti, ME Avanzato, D TI Interaction of Juglans species with Phytophthora citricola SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL WALNUT SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Walnut Symposium CY NOV 09-13, 2004 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE J. hindsii; J. regia; J. hindsii x J. regia; own-rooted; micropropagated; Northern California Black; Paradox hybrid AB Due to commercial interest in cultivating English walnut cultivars on their own roots rather than on typical rootstocks, we evaluated relative susceptibility to Phytophthora citricola on own-rooted cultivars Chandler and Vina and seedling rootstocks Northern California Black (NCB) and Paradox hybrid. In March 2003, dormant 1-year-old rootings of Vina and Chandler (originally from tissue culture) and comparable seedlings of NCB and Paradox hybrid were dug from a nursery and transplanted into 2-liter pots (one plant per pot) in a greenhouse. On May 15 and 28 (Experiments I and 2, respectively) 10 plants per walnut selection were inoculated with P citricola (90 ml of V8 juice-vermiculite-oat substrate colonized by the pathogen was placed in the soil of each pot), and 10 plants per selection received sterile substrate as a control. All of the plants were flooded for 48 hours at biweekly intervals to facilitate disease development. Two to three months after inoculating, the plant root systems were washed free from soil to determine disease incidence and severity. There was no significant interaction between experiment and the treatment factors. The combined means for percent of crown length rotted by R citricola on NCB, Paradox, Vina and Chandler was 89, 30, 59, and 82, respectively; whereas that on noninoculated plants was 0 to 5. Percent of crown circumference rotted by P citricola averaged 93, 24, 65, and 83 on NCB, Paradox, Vina and Chandler, respectively; but that on the controls was 0 to 6. For the crown rot variables, interaction between inoculation treatment and walnut selection was highly significant (P=0.0001 to 0.0005). The results suggest that under conditions highly conducive to disease, own-rooted 'Chandler' and 'Vina' and Northern California Black rootstock are highly susceptible to P citricola, whereas Paradox offers marginal tolerance to the pathogen. C1 [Hasey, J.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Sutter & Yuba Counties, Yuba, CA USA. [Browne, G. T.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Ramos, D. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. RP Hasey, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Sutter & Yuba Counties, Yuba, CA USA. EM jkhasey@ucdavis.edu; gtbrowne@ucdavis.edu; deramos@ucdavis.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-426-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 705 BP 429 EP + PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BEP74 UT WOS:000238772700061 ER PT S AU Fan, X Sommers, CH Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, X. Sommers, C. H. Sokorai, K. J. B. BE HavkinFrenkel, D Frenkel, C Dudai, N TI Reduction of irradiation-induced quality changes by rosemary extract in ready-to-eat turkey meat product SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NATURAL PRESERVATIVES IN FOOD SYSTEMS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Natural Preservatives in Food Systems CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Princeton, NJ SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE volatile sulfur compounds; color; ionizing radiation; lipid oxidation; antioxidant ID VOLATILE SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; LIPID OXIDATION; NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS; COLOR; BREAST AB Ionizing radiation can effectively inactivate food borne pathogens in meat and meat products. However, at high doses, it may induce an undesirable color change and an off-odor which is partially due to production of volatile sulfur compounds. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rosemary extract applied either in formulation or as a post manufacture dip on irradiation-induced volatile sulfur compounds as well as changes in color and lipid oxidation in turkey bologna. Turkey bologna was prepared from ground turkey emulsions with or without rosemary extraction at a final concentration of 0.075%. After cooking, bologna was sliced, sealed in gas impermeable bags, exposed to 0, 1.5 and 3.0 kGy gamma rays, and then stored at 5 degrees C for up to 8 weeks. In the second experiment, slices of turkey bologna were dipped in water or 0.75% of rosemary extract for 2 min followed by irradiation at 3.0 kGy. Results showed that rosemary extract applied in formulation inhibited lipid oxidation in both irradiated and non-irradiated samples. Irradiation increased redness and lightness while reduced yellowness of samples. Rosemary extract was able to inhibit the irradiation-induced color changes. Irradiation induced production of volatile sulfur compounds, such as methanethiol and dimethyl disulfide. Rosemary extract applied either in formulation or as a dip, however, did not significantly reduce the formation of the volatile sulfur compounds. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Fan, X (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-509-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 709 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BES99 UT WOS:000239374400007 ER PT S AU Lester, G AF Lester, G. BE Purvis, AC McGlasson, WB Kanlayanarat, S TI Consumer preference quality attributes of melon fruits SO Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Managing Quality in Chains, Vols 1 and 2: THE INTEGRATED VIEW ON FRUITS AND VEGETABLES QUALITY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Managing Quality in Chains CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Bangkok, THAILAND DE Cucumis melo L.; ascorbic acid; beta-carotene; fruit quality; folic acid; modified atmosphere packaging; potassium; preharvest; postharvest; sensory attributes; soils ID SOIL TYPE; MUSKMELONS; CULTIVAR; SIZE AB Sweet melons (Cucumis melo L. plus Citrullus lanatus L.) are the most popular fresh fruit, based on per capita consumption, in the U.S.A. Cucumis melo (muskmelons) are the only fruits in the U.S.A. to have a 2.3 fold increase in consumer demand over the past 35 years. Preference attributes expressed by consumer panelists of whole, fully mature muskmelon cultivars, following harvest and commercial storage, evaluated for appearance, color, flavor, odor, sweetness, texture, and overall acceptability are highly discernable for specific sensory attributes. Muskmelon attributes that correlated most strongly with overall fruit acceptability were flavor (r = 0.97**) coupled with fruit sweetness (r = 0.97**) followed closely by fruit texture (r = 0.95**). Flavor was highly correlated with fruit sweetness (r = 0.99**) and fruit sweetness was highly correlated with soluble solids concentration (r = 0.61**). Fruit flavor is the first quality attributes to be altered during whole muskmelon fruit storage, and in the now popular fresh-cut product. Maintaining desirable muskmelon fruit sensory attributes along with microbial safety and human wellness compounds (e.g. beta-carotene, folic acid, vitamin C, and potassium) in whole as well as fresh-cut fruit throughout distribution and marketing is a challenge. But these attributes can be managed through cultivar selection (orange-flesh honey dew better than orange-fleshed netted melon), production location (clay better than sandy soil), enclosed in plastic, and storage temperatures (4 degrees C better than 10 degrees C). C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-539-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 712 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFB09 UT WOS:000240595100017 ER PT S AU Wang, CY AF Wang, C. Y. BE Purvis, AC McGlasson, WB Kanlayanarat, S TI Reducing chilling injury and maintaining quality of horticultural crops with natural products and their derivatives SO Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Managing Quality in Chains, Vols 1 and 2: THE INTEGRATED VIEW ON FRUITS AND VEGETABLES QUALITY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Managing Quality in Chains CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Bangkok, THAILAND DE quality; chilling injury; fruits; vegetables; natural products ID METHYL JASMONATE; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; POSTHARVEST DECAY; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; TOMATO FRUIT; VAPOR; ISOTHIOCYANATE; GRAPEFRUIT; SALICYLATE AB Most tropical and subtropical crops are susceptible to chilling injury. They can not take the advantage of refrigeration to lengthen their storage and shelf lives because of the development of chilling injury symptoms when exposed to low temperatures. Therefore, how to reduce chilling injury and maintain quality of these crops after harvest becomes an important task. We have found that certain natural products and their derivatives seem to be effective in delaying the onset and reducing the severity of chilling injury symptoms. Of many natural products that we have tested, methyl jasmonate (MJ) and methyl salicylate (MS) were the most beneficial. These two natural volatile compounds consistently reduced chilling injury in mangoes, papayas, peppers, tomatoes, and zucchini squashes. MJ and MS were also found to enhance the resistance of tissues to chilling injury by increasing the gene expression of heat shock proteins, pathogenesis-related proteins, and alternative oxidase. Recent results also showed that MJ increased antioxidant capacities, antioxidant enzyme activities, and free radical scavenging capacities in the tissues. These results indicate that MJ can act to prevent chilling injury by a mechanism which involves protecting tissues from free radical injury. C1 USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-539-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 712 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFB09 UT WOS:000240595100031 ER PT S AU Wang, SY AF Wang, S. Y. BE Purvis, AC McGlasson, WB Kanlayanarat, S TI Effect of pre-harvest conditions on antioxidant capacity in fruits SO Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Managing Quality in Chains, Vols 1 and 2: THE INTEGRATED VIEW ON FRUITS AND VEGETABLES QUALITY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Managing Quality in Chains CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Bangkok, THAILAND DE antioxidant; free radical; oxidative stress ID VITAMIN-C CONTENTS; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PHENOLIC COMPOSITION; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; ASCORBIC-ACID; UNITED-STATES; STRAWBERRY; CULTIVAR; L.; PRODUCTS AB Public interest on the impact of food quality on human health has been increasing. In the past, the agricultural industry was focused on maximizing the quantity of fruits produced for commercial markets. Modern consumers are now interested in optimizing the nutritional composition of foods in order to promote health. Therefore, much attention has now been placed on the agricultural practices which will enhance the nutritional content of horticultural crops being produced today. Fruits have been shown to contain high levels of antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, vitamins, phenols, flavonoids, dietary glutathione, and endogenous metabolites. These antioxidants can act as free radical scavengers, peroxide decomposers, singlet and triplet oxygen quenchers, enzyme inhibitors, and synergists. The various antioxidant components found in fruits may provide protection against cancer and heart disease, in addition to a number of other health benefits. We found that preharvest conditions such as climate, temperature, light intensity, soil type, compost, mulching, fertilization, increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, and application of naturally occurring compounds, all can affect the antioxidant content and antioxidant activity of the harvested fruits. Many attractive opportunities exist for enhancing the quantity and quality of essential antioxidants present in fruit crops. Discussion will also be made on some strategies for establishing a new research and production paradigm on improving preharvest conditions for enhancing nutritional quality in fruits. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-539-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 712 BP 299 EP 305 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFB09 UT WOS:000240595100033 ER PT S AU Paterson, AH Bowers, JE Estill, JC Osborn, TC Pires, JC Amasino, R Quiros, CF Farnham, M AF Paterson, A. H. Bowers, J. E. Estill, J. C. Osborn, Thomas C. Pires, J. C. Amasino, R. Quiros, C. F. Farnham, M. BE Lim, YP TI Evolutionary history of the angiosperms and its relevance to Brassica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE JOINT MEETING OF THE FOURTEENTH CRUCIFER GENETICS WORKSHOP AND FOURTH ISHS SYMPOSIUM ON BRASSICAS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 14th Crucifer Genetics Workshop/4th Symposium on Brassicas CY OCT 24-28, 2004 CL Chungnam Natl Univ, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Minist Sci & Technol, Minist Agr & Forestry, Rural Dev Adm, Chungcheon Nam Do Agr Res & Serv, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Biogreen 21 Program, Rural Dev Adm, Crop Funct Genom Ctr, MOST, Plant Divers Res Ctr, MOST, Gyensang, Natl Univ, Environm Biotech, Natl Core Res Ctr HO Chungnam Natl Univ DE Arabidopsis; paleopolyploid; comparative genomics; phylogenomics; physical map; bacterial artificial chromosome ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRIBE BRASSICEAE; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; SUBTRIBE BRASSICINAE; DUPLICATION EVENTS; OLERACEA; GENOME; CAULIFLOWER; CHROMOSOMES; DIVERGENCE AB One of the more surprising discoveries in the sequences of Arabidopsis and rice has been that both are ancient polyploids, in the case of Arabidopsis involving at least two and perhaps three duplications of most of the genome. Ancient whole-genome duplication and subsequent loss of many of the duplicated gene copies appears to contribute substantially to deviations from co-linearity and/or synteny that are observed in many angiosperm lineages. The Brassica genomes are shaped not only by these ancient polyploidization events shared with Arabidopsis, but by 1-2 additional events in the 'diploid' Brassicas and the recent formation of new polyploid species. An important dimension in clarifying the evolutionary history of the Brassica genus is the better resolution of the timing and consequences of polyploidizations since the Brassica-Arabidopsis divergence. Early efforts to assess the predictive value of Arabidopsis data for determining fates of duplicated Brassica genes will be discussed. C1 [Paterson, A. H.; Bowers, J. E.; Estill, J. C.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Osborn, Thomas C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Amasino, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI USA. [Quiros, C. F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA USA. [Farnham, M.] USDA Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Paterson, AH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM paterson@uga.edu RI Bowers, John/B-9245-2009; OI Pires, J Chris/0000-0001-9682-2639; Estill, James/0000-0003-1020-2928 FU US Department of Agriculture FX We (R.A., TO.. A.l l.P., C.F.Q.) thank the US Department of Agriculture for financial support of our work. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-445-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 706 BP 49 EP + PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BEO04 UT WOS:000238386200002 ER PT B AU Heathman, GC Larose, M AF Heathman, Gary C. Larose, Myriam BE Tian, H TI Modeling stream flow using swat with different soil and land cover geospatial datasets SO Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Environmental Modelling and Simulation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IASTED International Conference on Environmental Modelling and Simulation CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2006 CL St Thomas, VI SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, TCMS DE SWAT; hydrologic modeling; GIS; SSURGO; STATSGO; NASS; GAP ID WATERSHEDS; AREA AB The integration of geographical information systems (GIS) and hydrologic models provides the user the ability to simulate watershed scale processes within a spatially digitized computer based environment. Soil type and land cover data are essential GIS data layers used in a wide array of government and private sector activities, including inventory, management, monitoring, and modeling. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the use of SSURGO and STATSGO soil classification systems and the National Agricultural Statistics Survey (NASS) and Gap Analysis Project (GAP) land cover geographic data sets in the watershed scale model referred to as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Performance of the model was tested on the Cedar Creek Watershed in northeastern Indiana, one of twelve benchmark watersheds in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) national Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). Model performance of the annual and monthly stream flow response in SWAT was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R-2) and the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (ENS). Results of this study show that the estimation of stream flow by the SWAT model is most sensitive to land cover input data sets. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 978-0-88986-617-1 PY 2006 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGE86 UT WOS:000246359900003 ER PT S AU Scorza, R Miller, S Glenn, DM Okie, WR Tworkoski, T AF Scorza, R. Miller, S. Glenn, D. M. Okie, W. R. Tworkoski, T. BE Infante, R TI Developing peach cultivars with novel tree growth habits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE VITH INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Peach Symposium CY JAN 09-14, 2005 CL Santiago, CHILE SP Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agronom, Dow Agrosci, Bayer CropSci, Unitec, Anasac, Estudio Federico Villaseca, Andes Nursery Assoc, Viveros Requinoa, Chiquita Chile, Consorcio Viveros Chile, ASOEX, Fedefruta DE columnar; compact; dwarf; pillar; Prunus persica; semi-dwarf; semi-pillar; upright; varieties; weeping AB Peach germplasm is rich in diversity for plant growth habit. Most of the growth habits in peach are the result of single gene changes and can be readily manipulated by breeders. In spite of this fact, there has been relatively little effort to genetically alter peach tree growth habit. The peach industry suffers from low productivity and lacks efficient high-density production systems as exist for apple. Alternate tree growth habits could be at least part of the solution for increasing peach productivity while maintaining high fruit quality. The characteristics of various novel peach tree growth habits have been demonstrated. Columnar and upright trees are particularly promising growth types for high-density production systems and several new cultivars have been recently released for grower test. Narrow-leaf trees that allow increased light penetration into the canopy and are more water use efficient also appear promising. Spur-type trees could change the way that peaches are grown and drastically reduce pruning. In the future, growers may have available an array of high quality and productive peach varieties with growth habits such as columnar, upright, spur, semi-dwarf, or narrow-leaf, suited to their particular needs and capabilities. C1 [Scorza, R.; Miller, S.; Glenn, D. M.; Okie, W. R.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Tworkoski, T.] USDA ARS, SouthEast Fruit & Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-529-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 713 BP 61 EP + PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFJ84 UT WOS:000242404500004 ER PT S AU Beckman, TG Nyczepir, AP Myers, SC AF Beckman, T. G. Nyczepir, A. P. Myers, S. C. BE Infante, R TI Performance of peach rootstocks propagated as seedlings vs. cuttings SO Proceedings of the VIth International Peach Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Peach Symposium CY JAN 09-14, 2005 CL Santiago, CHILE SP Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agronom, Dow Agrosci, Bayer CropSci, Unitec, Anasac, Estudio Federico Villaseca, Andes Nursery Assoc, Viveros Requinoa, Chiquita Chile, Consorcio Viveros Chile, ASOEX, Fedefruta DE Prunus persica; clonal propagation; peach tree short life; PTSL AB Following the release of 'Guardian'(TM) (BY520-9) peach rootstock in 1993, nurseries experienced significant problems with seed germination when fall-planted directly into the nursery. Rooted cuttings were proposed as a possible alternative. 'Cresthaven' peach trees budded onto 'Nemaguard' seedlings, 'Guardian' cuttings and seedlings, and 'Lovell' cuttings and seedlings were established in 1997 in a high density orchard and trained to a 2-arm open center system. Through 2003, trees on 'Nemaguard' seedlings displayed the highest vigor when measured as trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). Trees on 'Lovell' seedlings displayed the smallest TCSA. There was no significant difference in the TCSA observed in trees propagated on 'Guardian' cuttings vs. 'Guardian' seedlings. Through three harvest seasons, trees on 'Guardian' cuttings produced the largest cumulative yield but were not significantly different from that observed on 'Guardian' or 'Lovell' seedlings. Trees on 'Lovell' cuttings had the smallest cumulative yield. Trees on 'Lovell' seedlings displayed significantly higher cumulative yield efficiency than all other rootstock treatments. Trees on 'Nemaguard' seedlings displayed significantly lower cumulative yield efficiency than all other rootstock treatments except 'Lovell' cuttings. There was no significant difference in the cumulative yield efficiency of trees on 'Guardian' cuttings and those on 'Guardian' seedlings. There appears to be no clear horticultural advantage or disadvantage to the use of 'Guardian' cuttings over 'Guardian' seedlings at this time. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-529-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 713 BP 289 EP 293 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFJ84 UT WOS:000242404500042 ER PT S AU Nyczepir, AP Beckman, TG Reighard, GL AF Nyczepir, A. P. Beckman, T. G. Reighard, G. L. BE Infante, R TI Field evaluation of 'Guardian'(TM) peach rootstock to different root-knot nematode species SO Proceedings of the VIth International Peach Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Peach Symposium CY JAN 09-14, 2005 CL Santiago, CHILE SP Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agronom, Dow Agrosci, Bayer CropSci, Unitec, Anasac, Estudio Federico Villaseca, Andes Nursery Assoc, Viveros Requinoa, Chiquita Chile, Consorcio Viveros Chile, ASOEX, Fedefruta DE Meloidogyne incognita; M. floridensis; M. javanica; pathogenicity; peach; Prunus persica; resistance ID MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA AB Advanced lines of 'Guardian'(TM) (i.e., SL2891 and SC 3-17-7) and 'Lovell' peach rootstocks were evaluated for their susceptibility and growth response to Meloidogne incognita (GA-peach isolate) and M. javanica (NC-tobacco isolate) 23 months after inoculation in field microplots. Results indicate that there was a significant interaction between nematode and rootstock for above-ground tree growth. Growth suppression, as measured by trunk diameter and fresh shoot weight of SC 3-17-7 was greater (P <= 0.05) in the presence of M. javanica as compared to the presence of M. incognita or to the uninoculated plots. 'Guardian'(TM) line SL2891 growth was not affected by either nematode when compared to the uninoculated plots. Tree growth of 'Lovell' was suppressed by both M. incognita and M. javanica when compared to the uninoculated plots. Below-ground growth suppression, as measured by dry root weight, was greater in 'Lovell' than in either SC 3-17-7 or SL2891 regardless of nematode species. No difference in dry root weight was detected between the two 'Guardian'(TM) lines. Root galling occurred on all rootstocks tested with either M. incognita or M. javanica. Root galling was more abundant on 'Lovell', intermediate on SL2891 and least abundant on SC 3-17-7. Similar results were also detected for number of eggs per gram dry root weight regardless of nematode species. In another microplot study, M. floridensis and M. incognita did not suppress tree growth of SC 3-17-7, 'Nemaguard', or 'Flordaguard' rootstocks as compared to the uninoculated control. Meloidogyne floridensis reproduced on all 3 rootstocks, with greatest number of eggs per gram dry root being produced on 'Guardian'(TM) and 'Nemaguard'. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-529-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 713 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFJ84 UT WOS:000242404500044 ER PT S AU Takeda, F Perkins-Veazie, P Swartz, HJ Hokanson, S AF Takeda, Fumiomi Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Swartz, Harry Jan Hokanson, Stan BE Waite, G TI Strawberry transplant production and performance in annual plasticulture system in the eastern united states SO Proceedings of the Vth International Strawberry Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Strawberry Symposium CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Coolum Beach, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Strawberry Culture & Management Working Grp DE fragaria x ananassa; plug tray; propagation; runner tip; stolon; ethylene; carbon dioxide; cold storage AB Tissue-cultured 'Chandler' strawberry plants were grown in a greenhouse to produce stolons. Plantlet size and position on the stolon affected rooting and quality of transplants. Cold stored plantlets developed fewer roots than plantlets plugged fresh in July or August. In the field, fewer transplants that were cold stored survived, but those that did survive developed more stolons than transplants harvested in July and August and plugged immediately. Plants that were plugged in July and grown in the greenhouse until field planting, bloomed in November. Plants that were plugged in July produced 703 g/plant, while those plants plugged in August produced 521 g/plant. Greenhouse soilless systems can be used to grow 'Chandler' mother plants for generating plantlets for annual plasticulture, but storing rooted transplants or runner tips one month or more at low temperature with lights, or at 3 degrees C under low CO2 concentrations, reduced field survival and propagation efficiency. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-499-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 708 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BES97 UT WOS:000239371600034 ER PT S AU Black, BL AF Black, B. L. BE Waite, G TI Strawberry runner suppression with prohexadione-calcium SO Proceedings of the Vth International Strawberry Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Strawberry Symposium CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Coolum Beach, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Strawberry Culture & Management Working Grp DE fragaria x ananassa; plant growth regulator; GA; gibberellin synthesis; inhibitor; stolon ID PACLOBUTRAZOL; GROWTH AB Foliar applications of the gibberellin synthesis inhibitor prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) were tested for suppressing runners of cold-stored dormant plants of the day-neutral cultivars Seascape and Selva in a spring-planted production system. P-Ca was applied as a foliar spray at an active ingredient concentration of 240 mg/L, either as a single application, or twice at a 1-week interval just after pre-initiated flower bloom. P-Ca treatments reduced runner number by 50% when applied either singly or in multiple applications, and resulted in an increase in crown number. Although yields for 'Selva' were increased by P-Ca treatment, all treatments yielded below commercially acceptable levels during 2003. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Black, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-499-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 708 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BES97 UT WOS:000239371600041 ER PT S AU Smith, BJ AF Smith, Barbara J. BE Waite, G TI USDA-ARS strawberry anthracnose resistance breeding program SO Proceedings of the Vth International Strawberry Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Strawberry Symposium CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Coolum Beach, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Strawberry Culture & Management Working Grp DE colletotrichum acutatum; colletotrichum fragariae; fragaria x ananassa; disease control; fungicides ID COLLETOTRICHUM-FRAGARIAE; CROWN ROT; UNITED-STATES; ACUTATUM AB Following an epidemic of anthracnose crown rot caused by Colletotrichum fragariae, the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) initiated a breeding program in 1976 to develop anthracnose-resistant strawberry cultivars adapted to the southeastern USA. A standardized anthracnose screening protocol was developed and used to evaluate over 160,000 progeny from 448 crosses. These crosses were made at the Fruit Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, and the resultant seedlings were screened for anthracnose resistance in the greenhouse at the Small Fruit Research Station, Poplarville, MS. Among the resistant seedlings field-tested in Mississippi, 1515 selections were made based on yield, fruit quality, plant habit, and resistance to leaf scorch, common leaf spot, powdery mildew, and two-spotted spider mites. Four anthracnose-resistant breeding lines and one cultivar have been released from this program, and 96 elite anthracnose-resistant selections are currently maintained. Anthracnose-resistant selections from the USDA-ARS breeding program have been used as parents in breeding programs worldwide. Research conducted at Poplarville while developing the anthracnose resistant lines has resulted in a broad range of accomplishments including the first report in the USA of the anthracnose fruit rot pathogen, C. acutatum, on strawberry. Differences in the cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics, the infection processes, and the pathogenicity of the three causal Colletotrichum species have been documented. Studies of the effect of cultural practices on the severity and spread of anthracnose in the field demonstrated that strawberries grown in soils with high nitrogen levels are more susceptible than plants grown in soils with lower nitrogen levels or those amended with calcium nitrate. It was also determined that the use of overhead irrigation and plastic mulch in strawberry fields resulted in more severe anthracnose than when drip irrigation and straw mulch were used. Fungicide efficacy was determined by in vitro, greenhouse, and field studies, and pathogen resistance to some fungicides was detected. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-499-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 708 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BES97 UT WOS:000239371600082 ER PT S AU Wood, BW Reilly, CC Nyczepir, AP AF Wood, B. W. Reilly, C. C. Nyczepir, A. P. BE Retamales, JB TI Field deficiency of nickel in trees: Symptoms and causes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE VTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MINERAL NUTRITION OF FRUIT PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Plants CY JAN 16-21, 2005 CL Talca, CHILE SP Agricola Trallay, Agrolab Ltda, Bayer CropSci Chile, New Ag Int, SQM Commercial Chile, Univ Talca DE micronutrients; trace elements; metals; nutrition; yield; over fertilization; zinc ID MOUSE-EAR; MICROBIAL UREASES; HIGHER-PLANTS; GROWTH; PECAN; NUTRIENT; METABOLISM; ELEMENTS; TISSUES; ROLES AB This communication reports that the mouse-ear or little-leaf disorder and the associated replant disease of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], is a Ni deficiency and is cured by timely foliar application of Ni (at 100 mg L-1); thus documenting the first known example of Ni deficiency in orchard crops. Deficiency is inducible on soils with adequate Ni content by a) excessively high soil Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ca, or Mg; b) root damage by root-knot nematodes; or c) dry and or cool soils at time of bud break. Symptoms associated with Ni deficiency, but varying with severity of deficiency, include early-season leaf chlorosis, dwarfing of foliage, blunting of leaf/leaflet tips, necrosis of leaf or leaflet tips, curled leaf/leaflet margins, dwarfed internodes, distorted bud shape, brittle shoots, cold-injury-like death of over-wintering shoots, diminished root system with dead fibrous roots, failure of foliar lamina to develop, rosetting and loss of apical dominance, dwarfed trees, and tree death. In addition to pecan, Ni deficiency is exhibited by river birch; and based on symptoms and soil characteristics; it also appears to occur in other woody perennial crops (e.g. plum, peach and Pyracantha sp., and citrus). Its occurrence in two prominent ureide transporting hydrophiles, raises the possibility that such species are most likely to experience Ni associated disorders than are other species. Observations implicate excessive soil accumulation of light metals from long-term fertilizer usage as a primary cause of Ni deficiency. These results raise the possibility that Ni is a contributing factor in certain recalcitrant maladies and replant disorders of certain woody perennial crops and support the role of Ni as an essential nutrient element for higher plants. Ni deficiency in field situations appears to be far more common than generally recognized; thus, meriting greater attention in horticultural production strategies and greater awareness by horticulturalists. C1 [Wood, B. W.; Reilly, C. C.; Nyczepir, A. P.] USDA ARS, Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-639-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 721 BP 83 EP + PG 5 WC Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BFP36 UT WOS:000243587100010 ER PT S AU Swietlik, D AF Swietlik, D. BE Retamales, JB TI The interaction between calcium chloride and ammonium-nitrogen on growth, nitrogen uptake and translocation in apple and sour orange SO Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Plants SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Plants CY JAN 16-21, 2005 CL Talca, CHILE SP Agricola Trallay, Agrolab Ltda, Bayer CropSci Chile, New Ag Int, SQM Commercial Chile, Univ Talca DE Ca/N interaction; foliar N absorption; foliar urea; calcium chloride sprays; CaCl2 : NH4 soil ratios ID NUTRIENT SOLUTION; VARIABLE CALCIUM; STIMULATION; ABSORPTION AB There are reports indicating that Ca enhances N uptake and the growth of plants when N is supplied in the form of ammonium ion or as urea. The purpose of the present studies was to elucidate the effect of Ca on foliar N absorption and growth of 'Red Delicious' (RD) apple seedlings (Malus x domestica Borkh.), which were foliar-sprayed with urea. Also, the effect of Ca: NH4 ratio in the rhizosphere of hydroponically-grown sour orange seedlings (SO) (Citrus aurantium L.) was studied in relation to the plants' vegetative growth and N uptake. Eight applications of 83 mM urea containing 0, 10.4, 20.8, or 41.5 mM CaCl2 were applied as a foliar spray to RD seedlings at 10 d intervals. Control plants were sprayed with nanopure water. Although foliar treatments with urea resulted in increased total leaf area, and leaf, stem, and root dry weight, the addition of CaCl2 did not increase the response. However, the presence of CaCl2 in the spray solution significantly increased concentrations of N in stems and roots suggesting that CaCl2 enhanced translocation of foliar-applied nitrogen to these tissues. The calculation of total N uptake by plants provided no evidence, however, of stimulated N uptake due to CaCl2 presence in the foliar spray solution. SO seedlings were grown for six weeks in nutrient solutions in which all N was exclusively provided as ammonium ion with CaCl2:NH4 molar ratios of 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 2.2 and 2.5. The level of Ca:H-4 ratio had no effect on SO vegetative growth as measured by total leaf area, as well as leaf, stem, and root dry weight. At the Ca: NH4 ratio of 1.3, however, the plants tended to have higher N concentrations in lateral and tap roots compared to those exposed to Ca:NH4 ratios of 1:1, 1.6, 1.9, 2.2, or 2.5. Since the growth of these plants was equal to that in the other treatments, this result may also suggest the enhanced N uptake. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Swietlik, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-639-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 721 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BFP36 UT WOS:000243587100020 ER PT S AU Lawson, R Hsu, HT AF Lawson, Roger Hsu, Hei-Ti BE Chang, CA Cheng, YH TI Quarantine viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas that affect movement of ornamental plants SO Proceedings of the XIth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAR 09-14, 2004 CL Taichung, TAIWAN SP Council Agr, Execut Yuan, Bur Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect & Quarantine, Council Agr, Agr Res Inst, Council Agr, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Taiwan Phytopathol Soc, Wellbond Sci, Bion Tech, Tekfa Sci, Unimed Healthcare, Taiwan Cymbidium Assoc, Keybond Technol, Sun Kuan Instruments Co Sunrise, Biotechnology Co, Taida Hort Co DE quarantine regulations; quarantine pathogens; certification standards ID PETUNIA-X-HYBRIDA; MOTTLE VIRUS; INFECTING PETUNIA; DISEASE; LISIANTHUS; POTYVIRUS C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lawson, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-649-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 722 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFP37 UT WOS:000243587800001 ER PT S AU Adkins, S Kamenova, I Chiemsombat, P Baker, CA Lewandowski, DJ AF Adkins, Scott Kamenova, Ivanka Chiemsombat, Pissawan Baker, Carlye A. Lewandowski, Dennis J. BE Chang, CA Cheng, YH TI Tobamoviruses from hibiscus in Florida and beyond SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAR 09-14, 2004 CL Taichung, TAIWAN SP Council Agr, Execut Yuan, Bur Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect & Quarantine, Council Agr, Agr Res Inst, Council Agr, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Taiwan Phytopathol Soc, Wellbond Sci, Bion Tech, Tekfa Sci, Unimed Healthcare, Taiwan Cymbidium Assoc, Keybond Technol, Sun Kuan Instruments Co Sunrise, Biotechnology Co, Taida Hort Co DE Malvaceae; Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; Hibiscus latent Fort Pierce virus; HLFPV ID MOTTLE-MOSAIC-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; COAT PROTEIN; EVOLUTION; GENE AB Malvaceous plants have not been known as hosts for any of the recognized tobamovirus species until quite recently. Three sub-groups of tobamoviruses have been described that infect solanaceous plants, brassicas, and cucurbits or legumes. We recently isolated a new tobamovirus species, Hibiscus latent Fort Pierce virus (HLFPV) from landscape plantings of the malvaceous plant hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in Florida, and a related hibiscus-infecting tobamovirus, Hibiscus latent Singapore virus (HLSV), has been reported from Singapore. The experimental host range of HLFPV is mostly limited to the Malvaceae, which includes fiber and food crops such as cotton, kenaf and okra, in addition to economically important ornamental crops like hibiscus. Serological and molecular methods were compared to evaluate their usefulness for diagnosis of HLFPV. An initial survey by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HLFPV in landscape hibiscus plants in Florida has shown a high level (56%) of incidence. Subsequent analysis of related malvaceous species has identified HLFPV infection of Turk's cap (Malvaviscus arboreus), rose of Sharon (H. syriacus), scarlet rosemallow (H. coccineus) and common rosemallow (H. moscheutos). A similar virus has been detected in H. rosa-sinensis in Thailand by tissue-blot immunoassay. Cloning of the coat protein gene of Thai virus isolates and subsequent analysis showed the nucleotide and amino acid sequences to be nearly identical to HLFPV. Dixie rosemallow (H. matabilis) and H. rosa-sinensis plants have been found in Florida infected with tobamoviruses that are serologically distinct from HLFPV but related to HLSV. Cloning and sequencing of the HLFPV genome indicate that it is distinct from but related to HLSV. However, the coat protein genes and deduced proteins of HLFPV and HLSV are only 37-53% identical to all other tobamovirus species, suggesting the existence of a malvaceous-infecting subgroup of tobamoviruses. C1 [Adkins, Scott; Kamenova, Ivanka] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Chiemsombat, Pissawan] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Kamphaeng Phet 73140, Thailand. [Baker, Carlye A.] Div Plant Ind, Florida Dept Ag & Consumer Serv, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Lewandowski, Dennis J.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM SAdkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-649-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 722 BP 65 EP + PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFP37 UT WOS:000243587800007 ER PT S AU Hammond, J Reinsel, MD Maroon-Lango, CJ AF Hammond, John Reinsel, Michael D. Maroon-Lango, Clarissa J. BE Chang, CA Cheng, YH TI Identification of potexvirus isolates from creeping phlox and trailing portulaca as strains of Alternanthera mosaic virus, and comparison of the 3 '-terminal portion of the viral genomes SO Proceedings of the XIth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAR 09-14, 2004 CL Taichung, TAIWAN SP Council Agr, Execut Yuan, Bur Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect & Quarantine, Council Agr, Agr Res Inst, Council Agr, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Taiwan Phytopathol Soc, Wellbond Sci, Bion Tech, Tekfa Sci, Unimed Healthcare, Taiwan Cymbidium Assoc, Keybond Technol, Sun Kuan Instruments Co Sunrise, Biotechnology Co, Taida Hort Co DE Phlox stolonifera; Portulaca grandiora; Papaya mosaic virus AB Potexvirus isolates from creeping phlox (Phlox stolonifera) and trailing portulaca (Portulaca grandiflora) obtained from commercial nurseries were found to react strongly with polyclonal antiserum against Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV). Cloning and sequencing of a phlox isolate from Pennsylvania revealed that the coat protein (CP) gene was c.97% identical at the amino acid level to the CP gene sequence of Alternanthera mosaic virus (Geering and Thomas, 1999), and only c.75% to the CP of PapMV. The full genomic sequence of the phlox isolate was then determined. The regions to the 5' of the CP gene were found to be more closely related to (but distinct from) PapMV than to any other characterized potexvirus. This phlox potexvirus isolate was therefore named AltMV-PA. The host range of AltMV-PA was found to be similar to that of the Australian isolate, AltMV-Au. The 3'-terminal portion of the genome of the portulaca potexvirus isolate, and of additional potexvirus isolates from two phlox cultivars from commercial nurseries in Maryland, were also cloned and sequenced. The sequences of these isolates were similar to those of AltMV-Au and AltMV-PA, and the isolates were designated AltMV-Po (Portulaca), AltMV-SP (creeping phlox 'Sherwood Purple'), and AltMV-BR (creeping phlox 'Blue Ridge'). Each of the phlox and portulaca isolates reacted strongly with antiserum to AltMV-Au, and also with anti-PapMV antiserum. The host range of AltMV includes several ornamentals; these findings suggest that AltMV may be quite widespread, and may be mis-diagnosed as PapMV. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-649-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 722 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFP37 UT WOS:000243587800008 ER PT S AU Hammond, J AF Hammond, John BE Chang, CA Cheng, YH TI Current status of genetically modified ornamentals SO Proceedings of the XIth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAR 09-14, 2004 CL Taichung, TAIWAN SP Council Agr, Execut Yuan, Bur Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect & Quarantine, Council Agr, Agr Res Inst, Council Agr, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Taiwan Phytopathol Soc, Wellbond Sci, Bion Tech, Tekfa Sci, Unimed Healthcare, Taiwan Cymbidium Assoc, Keybond Technol, Sun Kuan Instruments Co Sunrise, Biotechnology Co, Taida Hort Co DE virus resistance; disease resistance; transgenic plants; flower color ID CUCUMBER-MOSAIC-VIRUS; TOMATO SPOTTED WILT; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; COAT PROTEIN GENE; ROSA-HYBRIDA L; FLOWER COLOR; BIOLISTIC TRANSFORMATION; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; STABLE TRANSFORMATION AB Biotechnology offers new means of improving ornamental crops by the addition of desirable traits to existing horticulturally-adapted cultivars. Traditional plant breeding involves the exchange of many hundreds or thousands of genes between related species to create novel combinations, and improved genotypes must be selected from thousands of segregating progeny over multiple cycles of selection. Introgression of a single desirable new character, such as disease resistance, from an unadapted relative of a crop species may require multiple backcross generations to regain the horticultural or ornamental qualities of the original cultivar, often resulting in reduced intensity of expression of the back-crossed character. In the case of many ornamental species, related germplasm with the desired disease resistance has not been identified. This is particularly true in the case of viruses, where few sources of resistance are known among ornamentals and related species. However, it has been demonstrated that effective resistance against many plant viruses can be obtained, in model systems and in some field crops, by introduction of virus-derived sequences or various anti-viral genes. Viral infection is a significant problem in many ornamentals, and especially floral crops, because so many ornamentals are vegetatively propagated. Virus infection frequently reduces floral quality and value as well as yield. Transformation of crop species with one or more gene constructs can lead to addition of desirable traits, typically with minimal effects on other desirable characteristics. Transformation systems have currently been developed for over 30 species of herbaceous ornamentals and several woody species, and efforts continue in many laboratories around the world. Several groups are working to introduce virus resistance into various ornamentals, including lilies, gladiolus, chrysanthemums, and various orchids. Other traits of interest include plant architecture, floral longevity, flower color, and resistance to other environmental stresses including drought, pests, and fungal and bacterial diseases. A few genetically modified ornamental crops have been commercialized, notably carnations with altered flower color, and there is future expectation of the introduction of effective virus resistance into commercial floral crops. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-649-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 722 BP 117 EP 128 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFP37 UT WOS:000243587800015 ER PT S AU Guaragna, MA Ndum, O Jordan, R AF Guaragna, Mary Ann Ndum, Obinna Jordan, Ramon BE Chang, CA Cheng, YH TI Detection and characterization of two previously undescribed potyviruses in the terrestrial orchid Spiranthes cernua SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAR 09-14, 2004 CL Taichung, TAIWAN SP Council Agr, Execut Yuan, Bur Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect & Quarantine, Council Agr, Agr Res Inst, Council Agr, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Taiwan Phytopathol Soc, Wellbond Sci, Bion Tech, Tekfa Sci, Unimed Healthcare, Taiwan Cymbidium Assoc, Keybond Technol, Sun Kuan Instruments Co Sunrise, Biotechnology Co, Taida Hort Co DE Spiranthes mosaic virus; Dasheen mosaic virus; PCR; monoclonal antibody ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DASHEEN MOSAIC-VIRUS; POTYVIRIDAE; PRIMERS AB Spiranthes cernua is a terrestrial orchid that grows in moist areas in the southeastern US. Cultivated varieties are now also being used as flowering perennials. We have previously reported Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV-Sc) infection in commercially-grown plants exhibiting chlorotic blotching and/or mosaic symptoms. Other similarly symptomatic plants were, however, ELISA negative using DsMV polyclonal antisera, yet gave a positive reaction with the broadspectrum potyvirus monoclonal antibody PTY 1, an antibody specific for a highly conserved site in the potyviral coat protein. Total RNA extracts from infected leaves were used in RT-PCR assays with generic potyvirus-specific primers which amplify various highly conserved 335, c.700, or c.1600bp fragments from the 3' terminus of most polyviruses which includes the 3' non-coding region (3'NCR) and the potyviral coat protein (CP). The PCR amplified fragments were subsequently cloned and sequenced and compared to the corresponding regions of other polyviruses. This analysis revealed the presence of two unique sets of potyviral sequences, neither of which had any significant identity with each other (56% CP identity and 39% YNCR identity), nor with DsMV (49-53% CP, 33-43% YNCR), nor with any other potyvirus sequence (< 64% CP identity and < 57% YNCR identity) currently in the GenBank database, including other orchid-infecting polyviruses. Pairwise alignments and Clustal W analysis of the coat protein amino acid sequences and 3' NCR regions confirm the classification of these two viruses as new potyvirus members. We have tentatively named these two new potyviruses Spiranthes mosaic virus (SpiMV) 2 and SpiMV 3. This is only the second report of any virus infection in the genus Spiranthes and the first report of two new potyviruses infecting a member of the Orchidaceae. C1 [Guaragna, Mary Ann; Ndum, Obinna; Jordan, Ramon] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A,Room 238,10300 Balitmore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guaragna, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A,Room 238,10300 Balitmore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jordan@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-649-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 722 BP 209 EP + PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFP37 UT WOS:000243587800026 ER PT S AU Kamenova, I Adkins, S Achor, D AF Kamenova, Ivanka Adkins, Scott Achor, Diann BE Chang, CA Cheng, YH TI Identification of Tomato mosaic virus infection in jasmine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAR 09-14, 2004 CL Taichung, TAIWAN SP Council Agr, Execut Yuan, Bur Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect & Quarantine, Council Agr, Agr Res Inst, Council Agr, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Taiwan Phytopathol Soc, Wellbond Sci, Bion Tech, Tekfa Sci, Unimed Healthcare, Taiwan Cymbidium Assoc, Keybond Technol, Sun Kuan Instruments Co Sunrise, Biotechnology Co, Taida Hort Co DE tobamovirus; Jasminum; Oleraceae ID TOBAMOVIRUS; RNA AB Virus-like symptoms were recently observed on leaves of landscape and nursery downy and star jasmine (Jasminum multiforum) and wax jasmine (J. gracile) in southeast Florida. Foliar symptoms included mottling, chlorotic ring spots and chlorotic line patterns. An agent was mechanically transmitted with difficulty from symptomatic leaves of downy jasmine to Nicotiana debneyi and N. tabacum 'Xanthi' and subsequently from these hosts to Chenopodium quinoa and other herbaceous test plants. Virions were isolated from N. tabacum `Xanthi.' Rod-shaped particles (297 x 18 nm) similar to tobamoviruses were observed in partially purified virus preparations, and in leaf dips from symptomatic star jasmine and indicator plants. Extraction of viral-associated double-stranded (ds) RNA revealed a profile consistent with that of a tobamovirus. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the virus contained one polypeptide with an approximate molecular weight (Mr) of 18 kDa. The virus reacted specifically with IgG for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and related tobamoviruses [including Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)] in double antibody sandwich, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No reaction was observed with TMV specific IgG. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with total RNA isolated from symptomatic jasmine leaves and infected N. tabacum 'Xanthi' using ToMV coat protein specific primers amplified the expected product from downy and star (but not wax) jasmine and N. tabacum 'Xanthi.' The nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the products were 100% identical to the corresponding fragment of a Brazilian isolate of ToMV from Impatiens. To our knowledge, this the first report of ToMV in jasmine in the USA. C1 [Kamenova, Ivanka; Adkins, Scott] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Achor, Diann] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Kamenova, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM SAdkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-649-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 722 BP 277 EP + PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFP37 UT WOS:000243587800034 ER PT S AU Guaragna, MA Jordan, R Putnam, ML AF Guaragna, Mary Ann Jordan, Ramon Putnam, Melodic L. BE Chang, CA Cheng, YH TI First molecular evidence of the occurrence of a pea mosaic strain of Bean yellow mosaic virus in verbena x hybrida SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAR 09-14, 2004 CL Taichung, TAIWAN SP Council Agr, Execut Yuan, Bur Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect & Quarantine, Council Agr, Agr Res Inst, Council Agr, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Taiwan Phytopathol Soc, Wellbond Sci, Bion Tech, Tekfa Sci, Unimed Healthcare, Taiwan Cymbidium Assoc, Keybond Technol, Sun Kuan Instruments Co Sunrise, Biotechnology Co, Taida Hort Co DE potyvirus; RT-PCR; monoclonal antibody ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PCR PRIMER; POTYVIRIDAE; FLORIDA AB Verbena X hybrida is an ornamental annual used in rock gardens, as an edging plant, and in hanging baskets. It comes in a variety of colors and grows approximately 6 to 10 inches tall. Verbena 'Lavender Shades' plants from California showing leaf mosaic symptoms tested positive for potyvirus in an antigen-coated plate ELISA using our potyvirus broad spectrum reacting PTY-1 monoclonal as the detecting antibody. The virus was transmitted mechanically to Nicotiana benthamiana from infected verbena plants by sap inoculation. Further serological analysis with our panel of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV)-specific, BYMV-subgroup, and potyvirus cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies suggested that the verbena potyvirus might be a member of the BYMV subgroup. Total RNA extractions from infected verbena and tobacco leaves were used in RT-PCR assays with generic potyvirus-specific primers, which amplify highly conserved 700bp or 1600bp fragments from the 3' terminus of most potyviruses. This region includes the potyviral coat protein (CP) and the 3' non-coding region (3'NCR). The PCR amplified fragments were cloned using standard 'TA cloning' procedures and sequenced using dye-terminator chemistry. The cloned nucleotide and putative coat protein amino acid sequences from the infected verbena and tobacco plants were compared to the corresponding regions of other potyviruses. Amino acid comparison of the CP region of the verbena potyvirus showed 95-96% identity to four pea mosaic strains (PMV) of BYMV, 85-89% identity to 20 other strains of BYMV, 74-76% identity with six strains of Clover yellow vein virus (CYVV), and only 50-64% identity with 28 other potyviruses. Additionally, similar pairwise analysis of the YNCR of the verbena potyvirus showed 98-99% identity to PMV strains, 81-94% to other BYMVs, 68-75% to CYVVs, and 52-64% with other potyviruses. These and other phylogenetic analysis of the CP and YNCR sequences of PMV, BYMV, CYVV and other potyviruses confirmed the designation of the verbena potyvirus isolate as a pea mosaic strain of BYMV. C1 USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guaragna, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jordanr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-649-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 722 BP 305 EP 311 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFP37 UT WOS:000243587800038 ER PT S AU Curry, EA AF Curry, E. A. BE Webster, AD Ramirez, H TI Changes in ripening physiology of 'Delicious' and 'Fuji' apples treated preharvest with NAA SO Proceedings of the Xth International Symposium on Plant Bioregulators in Fruit Production SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Plant Bioregulators in Fruit Production CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Saltillo, MEXICO SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, SAGARPA, Gobierno Coahuila, Fdn Produce Coahuila AC, Biocampo SA CV, Valent Biosci Corp, Labs Agroenzymas SA CV DE Malus x domestica; 1-naphthyleneacetic acid; ethylene; maturity; fruit quality ID FRUIT; ETHYLENE; GROWTH; TISSUE; ACID AB I-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is used in apple crop management to promote fruitlet abscission when applied during the first few weeks after anthesis. In contrast, when applied to maturing fruit several weeks before harvest, NAA delays abscission. Because the physiological responses are opposed, it is reasonable to investigate whether the mechanisms of action of NAA applied in the spring vs. the fall, are also different. A number of experiments were conducted over several years, the results of which indicate, on late-season apple cultivars, NAA applied preharvest suppresses ethylene production and delays loss of firmness after harvest. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Curry, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-699-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 727 BP 481 EP 488 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFX90 UT WOS:000245352700059 ER PT S AU Norelli, JL Brandl, MT AF Norelli, J. L. Brandl, M. T. BE Bazzi, C Mazzucchi, U TI Survival and growth of Erwinia amylovora on apple leaves SO Proceedings of the Xth International Workshop on Fire Blight SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY JUL 05-09, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Fac Agr DE Malus x domestica; fire blight; shoot blight; hydathode; glandular trichome AB Populations of Erwinia amylovora dropped from 10(4)/leaf to below detectable limits within 48 hrs on 'Royal Gala' apple shoots inoculated with E. amylovora and incubated in a growth chamber at 24 degrees C and high relative humidity (80-95%). Low E. amylovora populations (< 10/leaf) were detected 6 and 14 days after inoculation. Under orchard conditions in June 2002 and in 2003, E. amylovora was detected on leaves after rain events but was short lived. However, in July 2002 E. amylovora populations recovered from leaves significantly increased following a thunderstorm that occurred on a hot day (35 degrees C). The day after the storm, on 10 July, low numbers of E. amylovora were detected. On 15 July, higher numbers of E. amylovora were detected in leaf washings plated on media but E. amylovora was not detected in leaf prints on media, suggesting that bacteria were within the leaf. Following 4 cm of rain on 16 July, E. amylovora was detected in both washes and prints. The effect of high temperature and rapid temperature change during inoculation were studied under controlled environmental conditions on both 'Royal Gala' and 'M.26' shoots. A post-inoculation incubation temperature of 35 degrees C resulted in more shoot infection than incubation at 24 degrees C. Pre-inoculation incubation temperature did not have a significant effect on shoot infection. Inoculating plants with bacteria at 4 degrees C resulted in more shoot infection than with bacteria at 24 degrees C. When plants were inoculated with cold bacteria (4 degrees C) and incubated at high temperature (35 degrees C), E. amylovora quickly became established within young leaves but rapidly declined on the surface of older leaves. Microscopic observation indicated that under these conditions E. amylovora would colonize hydathodes and glandular trichomes of young leaves. These results suggest that rapid temperature changes during summer storms can lead to the establishment of E. amylovora within the leaf. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Norelli, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-407-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 704 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BEO69 UT WOS:000238489000014 ER PT S AU Pusey, PL Smith, TJ AF Pusey, P. L. Smith, T. J. BE Bazzi, C Mazzucchi, U TI Relation of pomaceous flower age to infection by Erwinia amylovora SO Proceedings of the Xth International Workshop on Fire Blight SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY JUL 05-09, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Fac Agr DE fire blight; Malus; apple; crab apple ID FIRE BLIGHT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; APPLE; COLONIZATION; BLOSSOMS; MODEL; PEAR AB Potential infection of flowers by Erwinia amylovora in relation to flower age has not been established, but is relevant to fire blight risk assessment. This was investigated in conjunction with studies on stigma age and bacterial colonization. Crab apple flowers were collected daily from greenhouse trees, maintained by immersing cut pedicels in 10% sucrose, and incubated at 14 or 24 degrees C and 90% relative humidity. Half of the flowers were pollinated by hand. At 10 days, each flower was inoculated on stigmas (0.1-0.2 mu l of 10(8) CFU/ml) or hypanthium (2.5 mu l of 10(9) CFU/mL) and incubated at 24 degrees C. Stigma-inoculated flowers were evaluated for population size after 24 hours, and hypanthium-inoculated flowers were evaluated for disease after 5 days. A similar experiment was performed with mature 'Gala' apple trees in polyethylene enclosures. Flowers and buds were removed, leaving only newly opened flowers. Every 2 days, flowers were sampled, inoculated, and incubated, as described. Concurrently, additional flowers left on the tree were hypanthium inoculated, enclosed in polyethylene bag with added moisture for 48 hours, and evaluated for disease after 6 days. As reported previously, flower stigmas supported bacterial growth when inoculated at maximum ages from 4 to 10 days, depending on temperature and pollination. Disease incidence, however, was relatively high (60 to 100%) only when flower hypanthia were inoculated at ages 0 to 4 days; beyond 4 days, incidence declined rapidly. This was demonstrated with detached crab apple flowers held at a constant 14 degrees C and intact apple flowers at a mean of 15 degrees C. At a constant 24 degrees C, which is unrealistically high as a daily mean, disease incidence declined sharply when flowers were inoculated after the age of 2 days. Results support the four-day degree hour accumulation used in the Cougarblight risk assessment model. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-407-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 704 BP 127 EP 129 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BEO69 UT WOS:000238489000015 ER PT S AU Norelli, JL Miller, SS AF Norelli, J. L. Miller, S. S. BE Bazzi, C Mazzucchi, U TI Using prohexadione-calcium to control fire blight in young apple trees SO Proceedings of the Xth International Workshop on Fire Blight SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY JUL 05-09, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Fac Agr DE Malus x domestica; Erwinia amylovora; shoot blight; Apogee; Regalis ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; GROWTH AB Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) is a plant growth regulator that suppresses shoot growth and fire blight in apple. In mature orchards Phd-Ca is effective in managing fire blight. However, in young apple orchards where there is a need to control fire blight and allow sufficient tree growth for tree establishment, the utility of Phd-Ca was unclear. When Phd-Ca (Apogee) was applied to orchard-grown apple trees ranging in age from newly planted to fifth season of growth (4-year-old orchards) it was found that two applications of 125 mg/L Phd-Ca provided a better balance between fire blight control and growth in young orchards than three or more applications of 63 or 30 mg/L. Although the high rate of Phd-Ca suppressed early season shoot growth more than the lower rates, trees that received the high rate of Phd-Ca tended to grow more in the latter part of the season resulting in little or no difference in total seasonal growth between trees that received two high or three low rate applications of Phd-Ca. Fire blight control with Phd-Ca required shoot growth suppression early in the growing season and 125 mg/L Phd-Ca often provided significantly better fire blight control than treatment at lower rates. Poor fire blight control occurred when the rate of Phd-Ca was lowered sufficiently to allow greater early season growth. The results indicate that one to two Phd-Ca applications at 125 mg/L can be used to manage fire blight in the fourth to sixth season of growth when there is a high risk of shoot blight. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Norelli, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-407-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 704 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BEO69 UT WOS:000238489000029 ER PT S AU Fazio, G Aldwinckle, HS McQuinn, RP Robinson, TL AF Fazio, G. Aldwinckle, H. S. McQuinn, R. P. Robinson, T. L. BE Bazzi, C Mazzucchi, U TI Differential susceptibility to fire blight in commercial and experimental apple rootstock cultivars SO Proceedings of the Xth International Workshop on Fire Blight SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY JUL 05-09, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Fac Agr DE breeding; resistance; Erwinia amylovora ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; GENEVA; RESISTANCE AB The Geneva rootstock breeding program has developed several new rootstocks that exhibit disease resistance to Erwinia amylovora. Utilization of disease resistant apple rootstocks increases the survivability of young trees infected by fire blight. The goal of this experiment was to further investigate the possibility of differential susceptibility of numerous commercial and experimental apple rootstock varieties to four diversely virulent strains of E. amylovora (E2002a, E4001a, E2017, and Ea273). Ungrafted potted rootstock liners were inoculated with the bacteria and the resultant necrotic lesions were used as an indication of susceptibility. Results showed that the E. amylovora strain E2002a was the most aggressive, followed by E4001a. E2017a and Ea273 were similar and less aggressive. The six rootstocks with greatest severity of infection in descending order were 'MM.106', 'Supporter 4', 'M.9', 'M.26', '13.118', and '13.9'. In this experiment B.9 had less severe infection than 'M.9' and 'M.26', in contrast with a previous experiment by Norelli et al. (2000). Most selections from the Geneva breeding program had little infection by strains E2017 and Ea273 and moderate infection by strains E2002a and E4001a. Most screenings for fire blight resistance in the seedling progenies of the Geneva (R) rootstocks employed only strain Ea273. 'Geneva (R) 3041', '7707', and '5179' and 'Geneva (R)', had least severe infections. Significant rootstock by strain interactions were identified through mixed models analysis. We are utilizing this information to breed for durable rootstock resistance to fire blight. However, since it is known that a limited number of apple rootstock genotypes react significantly differently to E. amylovora infection as ungrafted potted liners and as rootstocks of flowering orchard trees, the results reported here must be extrapolated to performance in the field with caution. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Fazio, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-407-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2006 IS 704 BP 527 EP 530 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BEO69 UT WOS:000238489000083 ER PT B AU Stackebrandt, E Hespell, RB AF Stackebrandt, Erko Hespell, Robert B. BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI The Family Succinivibrionaceae SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 3, THIRD EDITION: ARCHAEA. BACTERIA: FIRMICUTES, ACTINOMYCETES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUCCINICIPRODUCENS PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE; NOV SP-NOV; BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES HUNGATE; KINASE-LIKE ACTIVITIES; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; ANAEROBIOSPIRILLUM-SUCCINICIPRODUCENS; SUCCINIC ACID; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; BOVINE RUMEN C1 [Stackebrandt, Erko] Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Hespell, Robert B.] ARS, No Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Stackebrandt, E (reprint author), Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25493-7 PY 2006 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1007/0-387-30743-5_20 D2 10.1007/0-387-30743-5 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKJ67 UT WOS:000268326100020 ER PT B AU Labeda, DP AF Labeda, David P. BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI The Family Actinosynnemataceae SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 3, THIRD EDITION: ARCHAEA. BACTERIA: FIRMICUTES, ACTINOMYCETES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SP-NOV; GEN-NOV; ORDER ACTINOMYCETALES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SELECTIVE ISOLATION; NUMERICAL TAXONOMY; PLANT LITTER; SUBSP-NOV; SACCHAROTHRIX C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25493-7 PY 2006 BP 654 EP 668 DI 10.1007/0-387-30743-5_25 D2 10.1007/0-387-30743-5 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKJ67 UT WOS:000268326100025 ER PT B AU Hespell, RB Paster, BJ Dewhirst, FE AF Hespell, Robert B. Paster, Bruce J. Dewhirst, Floyd E. BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI The Genus Selenomonas SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 4, THIRD EDITION: BACTERIA: FIRMICUTES, CYANOBACTERIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANAEROBIC RUMEN BACTERIA; NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; SP-NOV; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; BOVINE RUMEN; RUMINANTIUM; GROWTH; GLUCOSE; FERMENTATION C1 [Hespell, Robert B.] ARS, USDA, No Reg Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Paster, Bruce J.] Forsyth Inst, Dept Mol Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dewhirst, Floyd E.] Forsyth Dent Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hespell, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Reg Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25494-4 PY 2006 BP 982 EP 990 DI 10.1007/0-387-30744-3_33 D2 10.1007/0-387-30744-3 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKJ68 UT WOS:000268326600033 ER PT B AU Cotta, M Forster, R AF Cotta, Michael Forster, Robert BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI The Family Lachnospiraceae, Including the Genera Butyrivibrio, Lachnospira and Roseburia SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 4, THIRD EDITION: BACTERIA: FIRMICUTES, CYANOBACTERIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OBLIGATELY ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; RANGIFER-TARANDUS-PLATYRHYNCHUS; ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; CINNAMOYL ESTER HYDROLASE; SMALL CRYPTIC PLASMID; HUMAN FECAL FLORA; RUMINAL BACTERIA; RUMEN BACTERIA; BOVINE RUMEN; EXTRACELLULAR-POLYSACCHARIDE C1 [Cotta, Michael] ARS, USDA, N Reg Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Forster, Robert] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Bioprod & Bioproc Program, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Cotta, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Reg Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 161 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25494-4 PY 2006 BP 1002 EP 1021 DI 10.1007/0-387-30744-3_35 D2 10.1007/0-387-30744-3 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKJ68 UT WOS:000268326600035 ER PT B AU Hespell, RB AF Hespell, Robert B. BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI Serpens flexibilis: An Unusually Flexible Bacterium SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 6, THIRD EDITION: PROTEOBACTERIA: GAMMA SUBCLASS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 ARS, No Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hespell, RB (reprint author), ARS, No Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25496-8 PY 2006 BP 916 EP 919 DI 10.1007/0-387-30746-x_34 D2 10.1007/0-387-30746-X PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKK09 UT WOS:000268343700034 ER PT S AU Butte, NF AF Butte, Nancy F. BE Rigo, J Ziegler, EE TI Energy requirements of infants and children SO Protein and Energy Requirements in Infancy and Childhood SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES PEDIATRIC PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Nestle Nutrition Pediatric Workshop CY NOV 04-24, 2005 CL Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM ID LABELED WATER METHOD; FORMULA-FED INFANTS; 1ST 2 YEARS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; (H2O)-H-2-O-18 METHOD; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; PRETERM INFANTS; FOOD-ENERGY; EXPENDITURE AB The energy requirements of infants and children are defined as the amount of food energy needed to balance total energy expenditure (TEE) at a desirable level of physical activity, and to support optimal growth and development. New TEE data from doubly labeled water and heart rate monitoring are available to derive the energy requirements. Compared with the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations, the 2004 FAO/WHO/UNU and 2002 IOM recommendations are similar to 12-20% lower during infancy. The 2004 FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations are on average 18% lower for boys and 20% lower for girls < 7 years of age, and 12% lower for boys and 5% lower for girls 7-11 years of age. From 12 to 18 years of age, the requirements are 12% higher for boys and girls. The 2002 IOM recommendations are 8% lower for children < 7 years of age, 2% lower for children 7-11 years of age, and 8% higher for children 12-18 years of age. Although the basic principles underlying energy requirements have not changed, the recommendations for energy intake have been decreased in infancy and early childhood, and increased in adolescence based on newly available TEE data. Copyright (c) 2006 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0742-2806 BN 3-8055-8081-9 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 2006 VL 58 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1159/000094842 PG 19 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BFC69 UT WOS:000241005000002 PM 16902323 ER PT J AU Chen, HZ Li, XL Xu, HY Ljungdahl, LG Cerniglia, CE AF Chen, Huizhong Li, Xin-Liang Xu, Haiyan Ljungdahl, Lars G. Cerniglia, Carl E. TI High level expression and characterization of the cyclophilin B gene from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp strain PC-2 SO PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cyclophilin B; PPIase; Orpinomyces sp strain PC-2; characterization; introns; gene analysis ID PROLYL CIS/TRANS ISOMERASES; CIS-TRANS-ISOMERASE; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; NEOCALLIMASTIX-FRONTALIS; RUMINAL FUNGI; ISOMERIZATION; PROTEINS; ENCODES; FK506; DNA AB Cyclophilins are an evolutionarily conserved family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases). A cyclophilin B (cypB) gene from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. It was expressed as an amino-terminal 6 x His-tagged recombinant protein to facilitate purification. Highly purified protein (26.5 kDa) was isolated by two chromatographic steps involving affinity and gel filtration for biochemical studies of the enzyme. The recombinant CypB displayed PPIase activity with a k(cat)/K(m) of 8.9 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1) at 10 degrees C and pH 7.8. It was inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA) with an IC(50) of 23.5 nM, similar to those of the native protein and other cyclophilin B enzymes from animals. Genomic DNA analysis of cypB revealed that it was present as a single copy in Orpinomyces PC-2 and contained two introns, indicating it has a eukaryotic origin. It is one of the most heavily interrupted genes with intron sequences found in anaerobic fungi. The three-dimensional model of Orpinomyces PC-2 CypB was predicted with a homology modeling approach using the Swiss-Model Protein Modeling Server and three dimensional structure of human CypB as a template. The overall architecture of the CypB molecule is very similar to that of human CypB. C1 US FDA, Div Microbiol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Biol Resource Recovery, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Chen, HZ (reprint author), US FDA, Div Microbiol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM huizhong.chen@fda.hhs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 0929-8665 J9 PROTEIN PEPTIDE LETT JI Protein Pept. Lett. PY 2006 VL 13 IS 7 BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.2174/092986606777790511 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 060EZ UT WOS:000238786500013 PM 17018017 ER PT J AU Pivik, RT Jing, H Gilchrist, JM Badger, TM AF Pivik, R. T. Jing, H. Gilchrist, J. M. Badger, T. M. TI Early infant diet: Effects on resting cardiovascular activity during the first half-year of life SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research CY OCT 24-29, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Psychophysiol Res DE cardiovascular; infants; diet C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PY 2006 VL 43 SU 1 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 076NQ UT WOS:000239965400358 ER PT J AU Roossinck, MJ Schneider, WL AF Roossinck, MJ Schneider, WL TI Mutant clouds and occupation of sequence space in plant RNA viruses SO QUASISPECIES: CONCEPT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR VIROLOGY SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PROTEIN GENE; HOST-RANGE; POPULATION; VARIABILITY; BOTTLENECKS; EVOLUTION; INFECTION AB In nature, RNA viruses of plants often must adapt to ever-changing environments in the form of frequent host switches. This would favor a highly diverse population for transmission. However, most viruses that have been studied have been viruses of monocultural crops. In crop viruses, the mutation frequency of individual viral quasispecies varies greatly, both in experiment evolution studies and in populations of viruses within single field plants. There is some correlation between host range and mutation frequency in experimental evolution studies, but few viruses have been examined at the individual quasispecies level. Many questions about the nature of plant RNA virus populations and factors that affect the effective population sizes, such as genetic bottlenecks and postive and negative selection, have only begun to be studied. Many more analyses are required before generalized patterns can be determined. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Roossinck, MJ (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, POB 2180, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. EM mroossinck@noble.org NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2006 VL 299 BP 337 EP 348 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Virology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Virology GA BEC50 UT WOS:000236797900012 PM 16568905 ER PT J AU Leavitt, SW Panyushkina, IP Lange, T Wiedenhoeft, A Cheng, L Hunter, RD Hughes, J Pranschke, F Schneider, AF Moran, J Stieglitz, R AF Leavitt, Steven W. Panyushkina, Irina P. Lange, Todd Wiedenhoeft, Alex Cheng, Li Hunter, R. Douglas Hughes, John Pranschke, Frank Schneider, Allan F. Moran, Joseph Stieglitz, Ron TI Climate in the great lakes region between 14,000 and 4000 years ago from isotopic composition of conifer wood SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID STABLE-CARBON-ISOTOPE; TREE-RING CELLULOSE; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; HOLOCENE; RATIOS; CALIBRATION; HYDROGEN; DELTA-C-13; FOREST AB The isotopic composition of ancient wood has the potential to provide information about past environments. We analyzed the delta C-13, delta O-18, and delta H-2 of cellulose of conifer trees from several cross-sections at each of 9 sites around the Great Lakes region ranging from similar to 4000 to 14,000 cal BP. Isotopic values of Picea, Pinus, and Thuja species seem interchangeable for delta O-18 and delta H-2 comparisons, but Thuja appears distinctly different from the other 2 in its delta C-13 composition. isotopic results suggest that the 2 sites of near-Younger Dryas age experienced the coldest conditions, although the Gribben Basin site near the Laurentide ice sheet was relatively dry, whereas the Liverpool site 500 km south was moister. The spatial isotopic variability of 3 of the 4 sites of Two Creeks age shows evidence of an elevation effect, perhaps related to sites farther inland from the Lake Michigan shoreline experiencing warmer daytime growing season temperatures. Thus, despite floristic similarity across sites (wood samples at 7 of the sites being Picea), the isotopes appear to reflect environmental differences that might not be readily evident from a purely floristic interpretation of macrofossil or pollen identification. C1 Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, Ctr Wood Anat Res, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. No Michigan Univ, Dept Geog Earth Sci Conservat & Planning, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. NE Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. Univ Wisconsin Parkside, Dept Geol, Kenosha, WI 53141 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. RP Leavitt, SW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sleavitt@u.arizona.edu NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 205 EP 217 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 067SX UT WOS:000239324000004 ER PT J AU Getachew, G Kim, SH Burri, BJ Kelly, PB Haack, KW Ognibene, TJ Buchholz, BA Vogel, JS Modrow, J Clifford, AJ AF Getachew, Girma Kim, Seung-Hyun Burri, Betty J. Kelly, Peter B. Haack, Kurt W. Ognibene, Ted J. Buchholz, Bruce A. Vogel, John S. Modrow, Jonathan Clifford, Andrew J. TI How to convert biological carbon into graphite for AMS SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE; C-14; SAMPLES AB Isotope tracer studies, particularly radiocarbon measurements, play a key role in biological, nutritional, and environmental research. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is now the most sensitive detection method for C-14, but AMS is not widely used in kinetic studies of humans. Part of the reason is the expense, but costs would decrease if AMS were used more widely. One component in the cost is sample preparation for AMS. Biological and environmental samples are commonly reduced to graphite before they are analyzed by AMS. Improvements and mechanization of this multistep procedure is slowed by a lack of organized educational materials for AMS sample preparation that would allow new investigators to work with the technique without a substantial outlay of time and effort. We present a detailed sample preparation protocol for graphitizing biological samples for AMS and include examples of nutrition studies that have used this procedure. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clifford, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajclifford@ucdavis.edu RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2006 VL 48 IS 3 BP 325 EP 336 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 121GN UT WOS:000243146200003 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Miyake, BA AF Hunt, ER Miyake, BA TI Comparison of stocking rates from remote sensing and geospatial data SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE advanced very high resolution radiometer; geographic information systems; net primary production; normalized difference vegetation index ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; RANGELAND MANAGEMENT; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; CARBON EXCHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; MODEL; NDVI; PRECIPITATION AB Remote sensing data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) have coarse spatial resolution (1 km(2) pixel size) and high temporal resolution, which can be used to estimate net primary production regionally. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to determine the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, which is sensitive to differences in growth caused by a large year-to-year variation in precipitation. The 12-year average of net primary production was used to calculate stocking rates in animal-unit months per acre for the state of Wyoming. Stocking rates were also calculated for Wyoming from 1:500 000 scale soil and climate geospatial data layers based on stocking rates from the US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Technician Guide to Range Sites and Range Condition. In a pixel-by-pixel comparison, there was a weak but significant correlation between the 2 methods based on the spatial distribution of precipitation. There were classes of vegetation type for which the AVHRR data predicted either touch lower or much higher stocking rates. More work needs to be done to reduce geospatial data uncertainties for the determination of stocking rates from both NDVI and stocking rate tables. Remote sensing indicates the actual condition of vegetation, so this is an important step in the development of regional forecasting of range condition, trend, and projected stocking rates for decision Support tools. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ValueCAD Inc, Portland, OR 97214 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 59 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.2111/04-177R.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006NV UT WOS:000234905100002 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Fletcher, RS Drawe, DL AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Fletcher, RS Drawe, DL TI Evaluation of high-resolution satellite imagery for assessing rangeland resources in South Texas SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE QuickBird satellite imagery; light reflectance; image analysis; accuracy assessment ID CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT AB QuickBird satellite imagery was evaluated for differentiating among rangeland cover types on the Welder Wildlife Refuge in south Texas. The satellite imagery had a spatial resolution of 2.8 m and contained 11-bit data. Four subsets of the satellite image were extracted and used as study sites. Field spectral measurements made among the dominant vegetation types showed significant differences in visible and near-infrared reflectance. Unsupervised classification techniques were used to classify false color composite (green, red, and near-infrared bands) images of each study site. Accuracy assessments performed on the classification maps of the 4 sites had overall accuracies ranging from 79% to 89%. These results indicate that QuickBird imagery can be a useful tool for identifying rangeland cover types at a regional level. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Agr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Welder Wildlife Fdn, Sinton, TX 78387 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Agr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 59 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.2111/04-093.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006NV UT WOS:000234905100004 ER PT J AU Nichols, MH AF Nichols, MH TI Measured sediment yield rates from semiarid rangeland watersheds SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sediment measurement; ponds; soil erosion; southeastern Arizona; watershed runoff AB Data describing long-term sediment yield rates on semiarid rangeland watersheds are relatively rare. To augment existing data and gain a better understanding of the controlling variables, sediment yields from 8 subwatersheds within the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona were computed from stock pond sediment accumulation measurements, water level records, and estimates of sediment transported in pond overflows. Sediment accumulation records ranging from 30 to 47 years were evaluated for subwatersheds ranging in size from 35.2 to 159.5 ha. Sediment yield ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 m(3) . ha(-1) . y(-1), with a mean of 1.4 m(3) . ha(-1) . y(-1) and a standard deviation of 1.0 m(3) . ha(-1) . y(-1). As expected, runoff volume was a significant factor (P = 0.005) in explaining the variability in sediment yield, but regression analysis demonstrated other variables are important. For example, the ratio of watershed area to main channel length significantly described (P = 0.06) sediment yield, suggesting that more detailed measurements are needed to characterize channel networks to relate internal watershed sediment transport and deposition processes to sediment delivery at the outlets. To generalize sediment yield rates across rangeland regions, additional research is necessary to determine the relative influence of rainfall and runoff patterns, and watershed physiographic and geomorphic characteristics on sediment transport. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nichols, MH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnichols@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 59 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.2111/05-075R1.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006NV UT WOS:000234905100007 ER PT J AU Dwire, KA Parks, CG McInnis, ML Naylor, BJ AF Dwire, KA Parks, CG McInnis, ML Naylor, BJ TI Seed production and dispersal of sulfur cinquefoil in Northeast Oregon SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Potentilla recta L.; invasive species; regenerative strategy ID POTENTILLA-RECTA; EXOTIC PLANT; DIVERSITY; ROADS AB Sulfur cinquefoil (family Rosaceae) is an invasive, herbaceous perennial, native to Eurasia. It has wide ecological amplitude and has become established throughout North America in numerous habitat types. Sulfur cinquefoil reproduces only by seed (achenes); however, little is known about its regenerative strategy or reproductive biology. To improve understanding of the mechanisms of expansion for sulfur cinquefoil, we quantified seed production and measured seed dispersal at sites infested with sulfur cinquefoil in different habitats in northeast Oregon. Seed dispersal was measured by using sticky traps (30 X 100 cm, replaced every 2 weeks) radiating in 4 cardinal directions from individual source plants. Estimated seed production for 2 years (2001 and 2002) was nearly 4 times higher than previously reported (approximate to 6000 seeds per plant; range approximate to 2620-15150 seeds per plant). For most sites, seed production was similar in both years. However, site, year, and their interaction (site X year) had significant influence on flower and stem production. Seeds were dispersed from July through mid-October 2001, although almost 40% of the seeds were captured between mid-July and mid-August. Dispersal followed a classic decay function; approximately 83% of the seeds were captured within 60 cm of the source plants. Once sulfur cinquefoil reaches a site, it appears to spread and persist by releasing numerous seeds near the parent plants, thereby forming increasingly dense stands. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dwire, KA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kadwire@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 59 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.2111/05-033R1.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006NV UT WOS:000234905100008 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Miller, RF Davies, KW AF Bates, JD Miller, RF Davies, KW TI Restoration of quaking aspen woodlands invaded by western juniper SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire; disturbance; diversity; Juniperus occidentalis; Populus tremuloides; succession ID COMMUNITIES FOLLOWING FIRE; EARLY SUCCESSION; UTAH AB Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) woodlands are rapidly replacing lower elevation (< 2100 m) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands throughout the northern Great Basin. Aspen restoration is important because these communities provide critical habitat for many wildlife species and contain a high diversity of understory shrubs and herbaceous species. We studied two juniper removal treatments to restore aspen woodlands. Treatments included cutting one-third of the juniper trees followed by early fall burning (FALL) or early spring burning (SPRING). Selective cutting of juniper was performed to increase cured surface (0-2 m) fuel levels to carry fire through the woodlands. We tested treatment effectiveness at removing juniper from seedlings to mature trees, measured aspen sucker recruitment, and evaluated the response to treatment of shrub and herbaceous cover and diversity. In the FALL treatment, burning eliminated all remaining juniper trees and seedlings, stimulated a 6-fold increase in aspen suckering (10 000 ha(-1)), but initially resulted in a significant reduction in herbaceous cover. Spring burning removed 80% of the mature juniper trees that remained after cutting. However, 50% of juniper juveniles survived the SPRING treatment, which will permit juniper to redominate these stands in less than 80 years. Aspen suckering in the SPRING increased only 2.5-fold to 5 300 stems ha(-1) by the third year after fire. In the SPRING, herbaceous cover increased 330% and the number of species observed doubled by the third year after fire. If the management objective is to eliminate western juniper with minimal cutting and stimulate greater aspen suckering, we recommend that woodlands be burned in the fall. If the objective is to maintain shrub and herbaceous cover and moderately increase aspen suckering, spring burning is recommended. With spring burning it appears follow-up management will be necessary to remove juniper that are missed in initial treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 57826 A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 59 IS 1 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.2111/04-162R2.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006NV UT WOS:000234905100011 ER PT J AU White, CS Pendleton, RL Pendleton, BK AF White, CS Pendleton, RL Pendleton, BK TI Response of two semiarid grasslands to a second fire application SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE shrub control; prescribed fire; wildfire; vegetation cover; soil mineralizable N; islands of fertility; soil erosion bridge; drought ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SHRUBLAND; DESERTIFICATION; EROSION; RUNOFF; DROUGHT; DESERT AB Prescribed fire was used in two semiarid grasslands to reduce shrub cover, promote grass production, and reduce erosional loss that represents a potential non-point-source of sediment to degrade water quality. This study measured transported soil sediment, dynamics in soil surface microtopography, cover of the woody shrub, grass, and bare ground cover classes, and soil fertility measured by nitrogen-mineralization potentials for the respective cover classes over a 9-year period during which 2 fires occurred. In general, the effects of two drought periods were equal to or greater than the effects of fire on the measured parameters. Following the second fire at the grama grass-dominated site, the number of live junipers was significantly lowered (P < 0.001). Fire consumed grass and shrub cover, which created the potential for greater transport of sediment and loss in soil surface elevation. Soil fertility under shrubs was significantly higher than soil fertility under grasses in both grassland sites before and after the first fire; however, that highly significant pattern was not present after the second fire for about 2 years at both sites. This suggests that the reestablishment of a natural fire frequency would likely dampen the well-documented pattern of greater soil fertility under shrub islands relative to grass islands. Repeat use of prescribed fire may keep shrub cover in check and promote fundamental changes in soil processes within semiarid grasslands, but its value must be weighed against the increased potential for erosion following fire. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP White, CS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cswhite@sevilleta.unm.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 59 IS 1 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.2111/04-153R2.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006NV UT WOS:000234905100012 ER PT J AU Marini, JC Attene-Ramos, MS AF Marini, Juan C. Attene-Ramos, Matias Sebastian TI An improved analytical method for the determination of urea nitrogen isotopomers in biological samples utilizing continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SHEEP; METABOLISM; N-15; ENRICHMENTS; PRECISION; AMMONIA; STORAGE; PLASMA; OXYGEN; C-13 AB Over the past few years numerous dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) applications have been adapted to continuous flow systems which allow the automation of sample admission and a higher throughput. The isotopomer analysis of urea nitrogen by IRMS requires the offline conversion of urea into nitrogen gas before analysis. The oxidation of urea with LiOBr results in the monomolecular degradation of urea, which preserves the identity of the parent urea molecule, and has to be conducted under vacuum to prevent contamination with atmospheric nitrogen. We have developed an offline system of urea degradation utilizing disposable Exetainers, in which atmospheric nitrogen is displaced by helium. Recovery of urea nitrogen was linear within the range of the standards tested (0 to 420 mu g nitrogen) and standard curves for (NN)-N-15-N-15-urea standards showed high coefficients of determination (R-2 > 0.9998). A small portion of urea degrades in a non-monomolecular fashion and has been shown to depend on the concentration of urea in the sample. Long-term storage of prepared samples showed a decline in (NN)-N-15-N-15 enrichment, suggesting air contamination. However, samples were stable for 24 h, which allows for the analysis of large sample batches. Interest in urea metabolism, particularly in ruminant species, has increased recently due to the environmental implications of urea and nitrogen excretion by farm animals. This novel analytical method will allow for accurate measurements and the rapid throughput needed in order to support these field studies. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat Nutr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Anim Sci Dept, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Marini, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat Nutr, 1100 Bates St,Mail Stop BCM320, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM marini@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK54450] NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 24 BP 3736 EP 3740 DI 10.1002/rcm.2788 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 118IQ UT WOS:000242936400016 PM 17099932 ER PT S AU Wang, XL Gao, W Slusser, JR Davis, J Gao, ZQ Scott, G Olson, B Krotkov, N Xu, M Liang, XZ AF Wang, Xinli Gao, Wei Slusser, James R. Davis, John Gao, Zhiqiang Scott, Gwen Olson, Becky Krotkov, Nickolay Xu, Min Liang, Xin-Zhong BE Gao, W Ustin, SL TI Spectral distribution of UV-B irradiance derived by synthetic model compared with simulation results of TUV and ground measurements - art. no. 62980L SO Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability III CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE UV-B radiation; spectrum retrieval; synthetic model; TUV ID DISCRETE FILTER MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; BAND RADIOMETERS; BROAD-BAND; OZONE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES; SKYLIGHT; CLOUDS AB Multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers are deployed in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand by the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) UV-B (ultraviolet-B) Monitoring and Research Program to measure UV-B irradiances at seven discrete wavelengths. A synthetic model is used to construct the continuous spectral distribution, from which irradiance integrals can be performed for various purposes. The derived spectral data are posted for public use through a web accessible database. Although the synthetic model has been validated with a certain data set, few works have been seen to compare the results of the synthetic model with simulations of other widely accepted models such as TUV. Through this comparison the validation of the synthetic model can be further confirmed and alternative techniques for constructing spectral irradiances from discrete narrowband measurements can also be explored. In this study the data from the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program are used to evaluate the synthetic model and to explore the capability of the TUV model for constructing continuous spectra from discrete measurements. Simulations of the TUV model are compared with discrete measurements, erythema-weighted broadband measurements, and the results of the synthetic model. Good agreements between derived results by using TUV model and the synthetic model with measurements in general further confirm the validation of the synthetic model. Generally, the spectral irradiances constructed by using synthetic model are lower than those by using the TUV model at very shorter wavelengths (< 301 nm) and at the wavelengths of 315-342 nm, but are higher at other wavelengths. The ratio of erythemal doses derived by using the TUV simulation to broadband measurements varies between 0.87-1.02. Constructed erythemal doses by using the TUV simulation are closer to broadband measurements than those obtained by using the synthetic model. These results suggest that the TUV model may be a good alternative to accurately estimate continuous spectral distributions from discrete measurements. C1 Colorado State Univ, Natl Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Natl Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6377-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6298 BP L2980 EP L2980 AR 62980L DI 10.1117/12.681464 PG 9 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BFM14 UT WOS:000243026400015 ER PT S AU Wang, XL Gao, W Reddy, KR Slusser, J Xu, M AF Wang, Xinli Gao, Wei Reddy, K. Raja Slusser, James Xu, Min BE Gao, W Ustin, SL TI Preliminary results of a UV-B effect incorporated GOSSYM model - art. no. 62980O SO Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability III CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE UV-B radiation; cotton; GOSSYM model; crop model ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; COTTON CROP MANAGEMENT; CERES-WHEAT MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; GENETIC FEASIBILITY; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; CO2 CONCENTRATION; FRUIT ABSCISSION; SIMULATION-MODEL AB Field experiments and laboratory tests have shown multiple effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on cotton growth, development, and yield. Adverse effects include development of chlorotic and necrotic patches on leaves, reductions in total leaf area, plant height, photosynthesis, and yield. However, little work has been carried out to incorporate these experimental results into a simulation model and to estimate the effects of UV-B radiation under field conditions with varied environments and management practices. This study incorporates experimental results of UV-B effects on cotton crop into a cotton simulation model, GOSSYM, which is being used widely in various applications. In this work, first modules were modified to incorporate the effects of UV-B radiation on canopy photosynthesis, leaf area expansion, and stem and branch elongation. Then, the modified model was used to test the validity of model assumptions and algorithms on independent experimental data sets. Finally, preliminary studies were performed to simulate the effects of UV-B radiation in the field conditions at Stoneville, Mississippi using 30-year (1964-1993) climate data. Simulation results agreed well with experimental measurements, proving the validation of the model. Our results suggest that cotton lint yield declined with increased UV-B radiation. The reductions were 20% when UV-13 irradiance was 12 kJ m(-2) under irrigated conditions. Similar reductions in yield were predicted at lower UV-13 radiation (I 1 0 m-2) under rain-fed conditions. The modified model will be useful to simulate the impacts of UV-13 radiation on cotton growth and yield under current and future climatic conditions and to suggest management options to mitigate the adverse effects. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6377-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6298 BP O2980 EP O2980 AR 62980O DI 10.1117/12.681446 PG 10 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BFM14 UT WOS:000243026400017 ER PT S AU Taylor, TE Slusser, J Hernandez, A Grutter, M Lefer, B AF Taylor, Thomas E. Slusser, James Hernandez, Andres Grutter, Michel Lefer, Barry BE Slusser, JR Schafer, K Comeron, A TI Ultra-violet aerosol optical properties retrieved during the 2006 MIRAGE-Mex experiment: Initial results SO Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XI CY SEP 11-14, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP SPIE Europe DE ultraviolet radiation; aerosol optical depth; actinic flux; UV-MFRSR; MIRAGE-Mex ID BAND RADIOMETERS; UV AB Values for aerosol optical properties in the ultra-violet (UV) spectral range, including total ozone column (TOC), asymmetry factor (g) and seven wavelength channel (300-, 305-, 311-. 317-, 325-, 332- and 368nin) aerosol optical depths (AOD) and aerosol single scattering albedos (SSA), were obtained via an optimal estimation algorithm from direct and diffuse ground-based irradiance measurements made by UV-MultiFilter Rotating ShadowBand Radiometers (UV-MFRSR), owned and operated by the United States Department of Agriculture's UV Monitoring and Research Program (USDA UVMRP). These instruments were deployed at three different sites during the 2006 Megacities Impact on Regional And Global Environment. Mexico City Pollution Outflow Experiement (MIRAGE-MEX) field campaign. The Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) radiative transfer model was utilized as the forward model in the retrieval algorithm. Initial results of the aerosol optical properties at one site were analyzed and intercompared to results obtained from independent methods. Actinic fluxes were modeled using the retrieved atmospheric properties as inputs and the results compared to independent measurements. This data set, in conjunction with many others collected during the campaign, will help to address MIRAGE-MEX science objectives related to the aging of air pollution and the evolution of the radiative properties of gases and aerosols. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ultraviolet Monitoring & Res Program, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Taylor, TE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ultraviolet Monitoring & Res Program, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6457-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6362 BP U43 EP U53 DI 10.1117/12.687942 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BFQ80 UT WOS:000243894900003 ER PT B AU Wagner, W Steinzor, R AF Wagner, Wendy Steinzor, Rena BE Wagner, W Steinzor, R TI Rescuing Science from Politics REGULATION AND THE DISTORTION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Introduction SO RESCUING SCIENCE FROM POLITICS: REGULATION AND THE DISTORTION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Wagner, Wendy] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Law, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wagner, Wendy] Univ Texas Sch Law, Austin, TX USA. [Wagner, Wendy] US Dept Justice, Environm & Nat Resources Div, Environm Enforcement Sect, Washington, DC 20530 USA. [Wagner, Wendy] USDA, Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC USA. [Wagner, Wendy] Amer Bar Assoc, Council Adm & Regulatory Law Sect, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Steinzor, Rena] Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Steinzor, Rena] Spiegel & McDiarmid, Washington, DC USA. RP Wagner, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Sch Law, Austin, TX USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-54009-4 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511751776.002 D2 10.2277/ 0521855209 PG 20 WC Law; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYI23 UT WOS:000298914400002 ER PT B AU Wagner, W Steinzor, R AF Wagner, Wendy Steinzor, Rena BE Wagner, W Steinzor, R TI The Imperative of the Principles Conclusion SO RESCUING SCIENCE FROM POLITICS: REGULATION AND THE DISTORTION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SCIENCE; DISCLOSURE C1 [Wagner, Wendy] Univ Texas Sch Law, Austin, TX USA. [Wagner, Wendy] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Law, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wagner, Wendy] US Dept Justice, Environm & Nat Resources Div, Environm Enforcement Sect, Washington, DC 20530 USA. [Wagner, Wendy] USDA, Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC USA. [Wagner, Wendy] Amer Bar Assoc, Council Adm & Regulatory Law Sect, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Steinzor, Rena] Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Steinzor, Rena] Spiegel & McDiarmid, Washington, DC USA. RP Wagner, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Sch Law, Austin, TX USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-54009-4 PY 2006 BP 281 EP 298 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511751776.018 D2 10.2277/ 0521855209 PG 18 WC Law; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYI23 UT WOS:000298914400018 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO TI Near-field measurements of dielectric properties of granular materials with microstrip antennas for microwave-sensing applications SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE bulk density; dielectric properties; far field; microstrip; microwaves; moisture content; near field ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; DENSITY; SENSORS; WHEAT AB Feasibility of measurement of the dielectric properties for bulk density and moisture-content determination in cereal grain and oilseed with inexpensive microstrip, antennas in the near field is discussed. Results obtained for wheat and soybeans with a pair of single-patch microstrip antennas operating at 5.8 GHz and 24 degrees C are compared to those taken in the far field with a pair of focused-beam horn/lens antennas. The standard errors of calibration calculated for bulk density and moisture-content prediction from measurement of the dielectric properties in the near field arc slightly higher than those corresponding to far-field measurements but remain Within an acceptable error range. C1 USDA ARS, QARU, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, QARU, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM strabelsi@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1080/09349840600582050 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 024ZV UT WOS:000236236000001 ER PT B AU Zhu, JY Scott, CT Scallon, KL Myers, GC AF Zhu J. Y. Scott, C. T. Scallon, K. L. Myers, G. C. BE Beihai, H Shiya, F Fangeng, C TI Using ring width correlations to study the effects of plantation density on wood density and anatomical properties of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) SO Research Progress in Pulping and Papermaking, 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Emerging Technologies of Pulping and Papermaking CY NOV 08-10, 2006 CL Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, S China Univ Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind DE wood density; tracheid; red pines; plantation ID NORWAY SPRUCE; TRANSVERSE DIMENSIONS; RAPID MEASUREMENT; TRACHEID LENGTH; STAND DENSITY; JUVENILE WOOD; GROWTH-RATE; JACK PINE; FIBER; TREE AB This study demonstrated that average ring width (or average annual radial growth rate) is a reliable parameter to quantify the effects of tree plantation density (growth suppression) on wood density and tracheid anatomical properties. The average ring width successfully correlated wood density and tracheid anatomical properties of red pines (Pinus resinosa Ait.) from a never thinned experimental plantation forest with five different initial plantation densities. The results indicate that plantation density has a pronounced effect on earlywood growth which resulted in increased latewood volumetric fraction, and uniform tracheid radial and wall thickness distribution. A similar approach of average ring width correlations may be applied to study wood and tracheid properties of trees growing in the densely populated natural forests. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTH CHINA UNIV TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA GUANGZHOU 510641, GUANGDONG, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-5623-2514-7 PY 2006 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFR65 UT WOS:000244038600013 ER PT B AU Zhu, JY Fleischmann, M Gleisner, R AF Zhu J. Y. Fleischmann, M. Gleisner, R. BE Beihai, H Shiya, F Fangeng, C TI Froth conductivity for in situ monitoring of fiber (solid) and wet rejects in flotation deinking SO Research Progress in Pulping and Papermaking, 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Emerging Technologies of Pulping and Papermaking CY NOV 08-10, 2006 CL Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, S China Univ Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind DE flotation deinking; situ monitoring; MOW; rejection ID SPRAY; TONER; FOAM AB Reduced fiber rejection in flotation deinking is very important to reduce the cost of secondary fibers in paper recycling and to conserve natural resources. Online monitoring of fiber rejection is a prerequisite to achieving process control for the reduction of fiber rejection in flotation deinking. It also can improve understanding of the effects of various operating parameters on fiber rejection in flotation for process optimization. This study demonstrates in situ monitoring of wet (liquid) and solid (mainly fiber) rejections during froth flotation of waste pulp suspensions by means of conductivity measurements of the rejected froth. Laboratory flotation deinking experiments were conducted using mixed office wastepaper (MOW) supplied by a recycling paper mill. It was found that both the total wet rejection and the solid consistency in the rejection stream correlate well to the measured relative conductivity of the rejected froth. The immediate application of the conductivity technique described is to monitor wet and fiber/solid rejection in industrial flotation deinking operations. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTH CHINA UNIV TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA GUANGZHOU 510641, GUANGDONG, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-5623-2514-7 PY 2006 BP 138 EP 143 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFR65 UT WOS:000244038600027 ER PT J AU Siman, EM Massiotti, RA Meneses, JAC Villanueva, LB Kunz, SE AF Siman, EM Massiotti, RA Meneses, JAC Villanueva, LB Kunz, SE TI Preliminary observations on the seasonal fluctuation of Haematobia irritans in Central Mexico SO REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS LA Spanish DT Article DE horn fly; dairy cattle; fluctuation; Haematobia irritans ID HORN FLIES; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; CATTLE AB The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal fluctuation of Haematobia irritans (L) in a temperate area of Mexico. It was carried out by weekly counts of horn flies on grazing Holstein cows from September 6, 1997 to August 29, 1998. Horn fly counts were correlated with seven weather variables for the four previous weeks to counts. Flies were recorded at a density of more than two flies per cow through the year, with the exception of the second and third week of January. Adult flies never disappeared from the cows indicating that if diapause occurs at this latitude, it does not affect the whole fly population. The highest level of abundance (392 flies/cow) was registered on May, 1998. A clear decrease in fly numbers took place between November 15, 1997 and January 3, 1998, and fly numbers clearly increased between March 14, and May 23, 1998. The weather variable that best correlated with fly counts throughout the year was minimum outdoors temperature (r=0.76). Fly numbers were better correlated with weather data from one week prior to counts. It may be concluded that high values in pest population might be registered, whilst minimum outdoor temperature lower than 0 degrees C performed best as weather variable to be used as predictor in horn fly population changes in this area located in the highlands of Central Mexico. C1 Univ Autonoma Chapingo, UACH, Dept Zootecnia, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, UACH, Dept Parasitol Agr, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Lab, Kerrville, TX 78029 USA. RP Siman, EM (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Chapingo, UACH, Dept Zootecnia, Km 38-5 Carr Mexico Texcoco, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. EM emamaldonado@correo.chapingo.mx; r_amendola@yahoo.com; cadena@taurus1.chapingo.mx; sekunz@ktc.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ZULIA, FACULTAD CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI MARACAIBO PA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA SN 0798-2259 J9 REV CIENT-FAC CIEN V JI Rev. Cient.-Fac. Cienc. Vet. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 015UL UT WOS:000235576500005 ER PT J AU Merritt, DM Wohl, EE AF Merritt, DM Wohl, EE TI Plant dispersal along rivers fragmented by dams SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dams; fragmentation; hydrochory; riparian vegetation; river corridors; river regulation; seed dispersal; South Platte River basin ID SEED DISPERSAL; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; MARGIN VEGETATION; FLOW REGULATION; BOREAL RIVERS; LIFE-HISTORY; HYDROCHORY; PATTERNS; WATER; STREAM AB To understand the influence of dams on connectivity of riparian plant communities along rivers, we examined plant dispersal by water (hydrochory) and riparian plant community attributes upstream and downstream from dams on two rivers in the southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Drifting plant propagules were collected from the water column along reaches upstream and downstream from dams to examine the longitudinal and temporal variation in seed-pool species composition and concentration of water-transported seeds. Similarities between species composition of the hydrochoric seed pool and local standing riparian vegetation were used to evaluate the degree of longitudinal connectivity along river corridors and to isolate the relative contributions of local versus regional species pools to hydrochoric species composition. Furthermore, several synthetic attributes (longevity, origin, life-form and dispersal mode) and species composition of riparian plant communities were examined to explore the effects of interrupted propagule dispersal on standing vegetation. We estimated that as many as 120 million seeds were transported via hydrochory along free-flowing reaches of the Rocky Mountain streams in a single growing season. Seed concentration (seeds/m(3)) in the water column was reduced by 70-94% along reaches downstream from dams compared to free-flowing reaches. The similarity in species composition of hydrochoric seeds and local standing vegetation was nearly two times greater downstream from reservoirs compared to upstream. This suggests that hydrochory complements local species pools by importing seeds from throughout the upstream catchment area along freeflowing river reaches, but that hydrochoric seeds are derived primarily from local sources along regulated river reaches. Species richness recovers as a function of downstream distance from contributions of standing vegetation and seeds from tributary streams. Hydrochory may extend the period over which viable seeds of a parent population are dispersed. Even after dispersal of parent populations has terminated, seeds may continue to be available due to residence time in water transport. This extension of the 'effective dispersal window' of some species may exceed two weeks or more and may influence the likelihood of successful establishment. In this study, synthetic attributes of riparian vegetation did not differ significantly between free-flowing and regulated reaches, whereas formal statistical comparisons of community composition upstream and downstream from reservoirs indicate that there are differences in community composition upstream and downstream from dams. These findings suggest that the consequences of 50 to 100 years of fragmentation result in community-wide effects along Rocky Mountain streams and that these effects may be partially explained by dam-caused disruption in connectivity of plant populations. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Merritt, DM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Suite 368, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dmmerritt@fs.fed.us NR 72 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 44 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1002/rra.890 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 006NS UT WOS:000234904800001 ER PT J AU Staley, DM Wasklewicz, TA AF Staley, DM Wasklewicz, TA TI Expanding the analytical potential of channel locational probability maps using cellular statistics SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Lower Mississippi River; locational probability; alluvial river; channel change; stability; instability ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; INSTABILITY; USA AB The planimetric shifts in channel location of large alluvial rivers are a critical component in the creation of diverse structures and functions in riverine habitats. Engineered management schemes must also compensate for this type of channel change to protect resources and maintain navigation channels. The stability of the Lower Mississippi River channel was assessed through an analysis of historical records of channel position produced and archived by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Channel location was recorded for the years 1765, 1820, 1881, 19157 1930, 1937, 1960 and 1970. Channel stability was measured by two introduced metrics on a cell-by-cell basis: (1) the standard deviation of Euclidean distance to a channel cell for the entire period of record, and (2) the rate of Euclidean distance change between years in the period of record. At a coarse spatial scale, channel instability increased in the downstream direction. The variability of channel stability also increased in the downstream direction. Analysis of this variability identified alternating areas of high and low stability occurring with greater frequency as distance downstream increased. These findings are validated by past studies of channel stability along the Lower Mississippi River. As a result, the proposed metrics provide a consistent, quantitative, efficient and cost-effective means of identifying areas of channel instability at several spatial scales. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci Geog, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Staley, DM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 740 Simms St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dmstaley@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1002/rra.886 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 006NS UT WOS:000234904800002 ER PT B AU Peters, DPC Yao, J Huenneke, LF Gibbens, RP Havstad, KM Herrick, JE Rango, A Schlesinger, WH AF Peters, Debra P. C. Yao, Jin Huenneke, Laura F. Gibbens, Robert P. Havstad, Kris M. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Rango, Albert Schlesinger, William H. BE Wu, J Jones, KB Li, H Loucks, OL TI A framework and methods for simplifying complex landscapes to reduce uncertainty in predictions SO SCALING AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS IN ECOLOGY: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology CY SEP 17-19, 2002 CL Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ HO Arizona State Univ ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; US CARBON SINK; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NEW-MEXICO; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; UNITED-STATES; ARID LANDS C1 [Peters, Debra P. C.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4662-6 PY 2006 BP 131 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4663-4_7 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEJ04 UT WOS:000237411700007 ER PT S AU Smith, DR Warnemuende, EA Haggard, BE Huang, C AF Smith, D. R. Warnemuende, E. A. Haggard, B. E. Huang, C. BE Rowan, JS Duck, RW Werritty, A TI Sediment phosphorus dynamics in tile-fed drainage ditches SO Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Dundee, SCOTLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros DE artificial drainage networks; phosphorus; sediment dredging; water quality ID PHOSPHATE; RELEASE AB Stream sediments may regulate aqueous phase phosphorus (P) concentrations. The objectives of this work were to study the equilibrium P concentrations between the aqueous phase and sediments in tile-fed drainage ditches. Sediments from three ditches in Indiana, USA, were sampled and evaluated as P sources or sinks. Sediments that potentially release P to aqueous solutions could be chemically amended to sequester labile P. Sediment deposition from episodic storm events could increase the P buffering capacity of drainage ditches. In fluvarium studies (initial concentration of 0.55 mM P), aqueous P concentrations after 120 h were 0.075 mM and 0.111 mM for predredged and dredged sediments, respectively. Phosphorus release from sediments to the aqueous solution was greater from the dredged sediments. These studies are expanding our understanding of the dynamic nature of P in agricultural ditches, and aiding in the development of ditch management practices to reduce downstream P transport. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-901502-68-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2006 VL 306 BP 507 EP 513 PG 7 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BGM80 UT WOS:000248525200058 ER PT J AU Kovach, DA McClurg, SG Widrlechner, MP Brenner, DM Gardner, CAC AF Kovach, D. A. McClurg, S. G. Widrlechner, M. P. Brenner, D. M. Gardner, C. A. C. TI Liquid nitrogen controls seed-borne chalcids without reducing germination in coriander seeds SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EURYTOMA-ONOBRYCHIDIS HYMENOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM HERBST; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES; WESTERN CANADA; COLEOPTERA; ISOPTERA AB Coriander seeds are susceptible to infestation by chalcid wasps which often render the seeds inviable. Control of chalcids in seeds is a prerequisite for supplying coriander germplasm to requestors throughout the world. Levels of chalcid infestation in coriander seed samples produced at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, in Ames, 1A, mandated the need to develop an effective control strategy without harming the seeds. Storing the seeds above liquid nitrogen for 16 hours proved effective in killing chalcids at all life stages without reducing seed germination. Results were based on germination tests, seed dissection, chalcid emergence, and digital x-ray images. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kovach, DA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dkovach@ars-grin.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ISTA-INT SEED TESTING ASSOC PI BASSERSDORF PA ZUERICHSTR 50, PO BOX 308, CH-8303 BASSERSDORF, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 669 EP 679 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 112RY UT WOS:000242545900013 ER PT J AU Wiese, AH Zalesny, JA Donner, DM Zalesny, RS AF Wiese, A. H. Zalesny, J. A. Donner, D. M. Zalesny, R. S., Jr. TI Bud removal affects shoot, root, and callus development of hardwood Populus cuttings SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE adventitious rooting; hybrid poplar; preplanting treatment; vegetative propagation; Populus deltoides; P. nigra; P. maximowiczii; P. trichocarpa ID EASTERN COTTONWOOD; HYBRID POPLAR; DELTOIDES; GROWTH; STEMS; PRIMORDIA; FORESTS; YIELD; US AB The inadvertent removal and/or damage of buds during processing and planting of hardwood poplar (Populus spp.) cuttings are a concern because of their potential impact on shoot and root development during establishment. The objective of the current study was to test for differences in shoot dry mass, root dry mass, number of roots, length of the longest root, and callus dry mass among ten poplar clones subjected to three pre-planting bud removal intensities (0%, 50%, 100%). The ten clones and their genomic groups were: DM115 (P. del-toides Bartr. ex Marsh x P. maximowiczii A. Henry); DN34, 145-51 (P. deltoides x P. nigra L.); NC13446, NC13563, NC13649, NC13685, NC13747 [(P. trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x R deltoides) x P. deltoides]; and NM2, NM6 (P. nigra x R maximowiczii). Cuttings, 20 cm. long, were processed from shoots collected January 2005 from stool beds established at Hugo Sauer Nursery in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, U.S.A. (45.6 degrees N, 89.4 degrees W). We measured the traits from harvested cuttings after 14 d of growth. The treatment x clone interaction governed shoot dry mass (P < 0.0001). In general, the top four clones (DM115, DN34, NM2, NM6) exhibited the best shoot dry mass with 0% and 50% of buds removed, while differences among treatments for the remaining clones were negligible. Clones differed for root dry mass (P < 0.0001), while the treatment and clone main effects governed number of roots (P = 0.0126, P < 0.0001, respectively) and length of the longest root (P = 0.0077, P < 0.0001, respectively). Cuttings subjected to the 0% treatment exhibited the greatest number of roots, while cuttings of the 0% and 50% treatment exhibited the greatest length of the longest root. The treatment x clone interaction governed the presence of callus (P = 0.0161), while clones differed for callus dry mass (P < 0.0001). Bud removal did not affect root biomass but it did impact root initiation. Unlike shoot dry mass, the response to removing buds for all rooting traits was not clone-specific. From a practical standpoint, inadvertently damaging and/or removing <= 50% of the buds during processing and planting should not be a concern for establishment. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Mangement, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 062LM UT WOS:000238945900007 ER PT J AU Zalesny, RS Wiese, AH AF Zalesny, R. S., Jr. Wiese, A. H. TI Date of shoot collection, genotype, and original shoot position affect early rooting of dormant hardwood cuttings of Populus SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Populus genomic groups; hybrid poplar; adventitious rooting; genotype x environment interaction; whip; stool bed ID HYBRID POPLAR CLONES; EASTERN COTTONWOOD; BALSAM POPLAR; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; STEM CUTTINGS; EARLY GROWTH; DELTOIDES; SOIL; POPULATIONS; PHYSIOLOGY AB Identifying superior combinations among date of dormant-season shoot collection, genotype, and original shoot position can increase the rooting potential of Populus cuttings. Thus, the objectives of our study were to: 1) evaluate variation among clones in early rooting from hardwood cuttings processed every three weeks from shoots collected throughout the dormant season and 2) evaluate variation among genomic groups in early rooting of the same cuttings while testing for differences among three parental shoot positions (apical, middle, basal). We tested 22 clones belonging to six genomic groups ([R trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x R deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh] x R deltoides 'BC', R deltoides 'D', R deltoides x R maximowiczii A. Henry 'DM', R deltoides x R nigra L. 'DN', R nigra x R maximowiczii 'NM', R trichocarpa 'T'). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were processed from hoots collected every three weeks beginning 1 Dec. 2003 until 9 Apr. 2004 from stool beds established at Hugo Sauer Nursery in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA (45.6 degrees N, 89.4 degrees W). We measured number of roots and root dry weight from harvested cuttings after 14 days of growth. The interaction between date of shoot collection and clone governed both traits (P < 0.0001). In general, clones exhibited the best rooting when cuttings were processed from shoots collected on or after 23 Feb. 2004. The interaction between date of shoot collection, genomic group, and shoot position governed number of roots (P = 0.0348) and root dry weight (P = 0.0262). There was broad variation in number of roots and root dry weight of apical, middle, and basal cuttings within and among genomic groups across dates of shoot collection, with 15 Mar. 2004 being an important date because differences among positions began to develop or changed relative to earlier dates. Thus, for increased plantation establishment potential with similar genotypes, we recommend collecting stool shoots no sooner than the end of February and matching cuttings of specific shoot positions to each genomic group. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 66 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2006 VL 55 IS 4-5 BP 169 EP 182 PG 14 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 087GB UT WOS:000240729800004 ER PT S AU Kandala, CV Butts, CL AF Kandala, Chari V. Butts, Chris L. BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V TI Capacitance and phase angle measurement for estimating moisture content in nuts and grain nondestructively - art. no. 617420 SO Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical , and Aerospace Systems, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2006 Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE capacitance; phase angle; grain; peanuts; moisture content ID SINGLE KERNELS; CORN AB The design and performance of an electrical instrument that would be useful in estimating the moisture content (me) of agricultural products such as grain and nuts nondestructively and rapidly is described here. The instrument, here after called the impedance meter, determines the capacitance and phase angle of a sample of the produce (about 100 g), filling the space between two parallel-plate electrodes, at two frequencies I and 5 MHz. The measured values were used in a semi-empirical equation to obtain the me of the sample. In this paper, capacitance and phase angle were determined for in-shell peanuts in the moisture range between 6 and 25% by the impedance meter, and their moisture contents were calculated. The calculated values were compared with the me values obtained by the standard air-oven method. The estimated values were in good agreement with the standard values. This method is applicable to produce such as corn, wheat and pecans also. C1 USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Kandala, CV (reprint author), USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr,POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6227-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6174 BP 17420 EP 17420 AR 617420 DI 10.1117/12.657702 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications GA BEO67 UT WOS:000238486200064 ER PT J AU Siniscalchi, JM Pierskalla, CD Selin, SW Palmer, D AF Siniscalchi, JM Pierskalla, CD Selin, SW Palmer, D TI Mapping social change: A visualization method used in the Monongahela National Forest SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE GIS; isopleth mapping; social assessment; social change ID MANAGEMENT; SURFACE; CENSUS AB Many communities in and around national forests are experiencing social change. It is important for public land managers to keep abreast of this change to provide appropriate forest uses while considering resource impacts, conflict management, and potential partnerships with local communities. The social assessment is one tool used to follow sociodemographic trends, but it can be difficult to wade through the volumes of tables and visual displays to make informed management decisions. To improve decision making, literature suggests presenting information in a usable manner, such as the weather (color isopleth) map. By creating an index of overall social change and presenting the results in the form of an isopleth, social assessments can be made more usable by reducing multiple variables into one composite map. A method is described to compute an overall index and map of social change, followed by a discussion of management implications, limitations, and avenues of future research. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Recreat Pk & Tourism Program, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Elkins, WV USA. RP Siniscalchi, JM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Recreat Pk & Tourism Program, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jsinisca@mix.wvu.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1080/08941920500323336 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 986HK UT WOS:000233440500006 ER PT J AU Siderhurst, MS James, DM Bjostad, LB AF Siderhurst, MS James, DM Bjostad, LB TI Ultraviolet light induced autophototoxicity and negative phototaxis in Reticulitermes termites (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-CARBOLINE ALKALOIDS; EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; FAT-BODY; PEROXYOXALATE CHEMILUMINESCENCE; EXTRAOCULAR PHOTORECEPTORS; MEGOURA-VICIAE; HEAD CAPSULE; INSECT; NORHARMANE AB Reticulitermes tibialis Banks, R. flavipes (Kollar) and R. virginicus (Banks) termites contain the phototoxic alkaloid norharmane, and ultraviolet light exposure experiments (60 and/or 30 W/m(2)) caused high autophototoxic mortality in all three species. This may be the first known instance of autophototoxicity in nature. Norharmane has been previously reported as a phototoxin when fed to other insects, and this termite endosymbiont-produced beta-carboline may be the causal agent in Reticulitermes spp. autophototoxic mortality. Regardless of mechanism, the observed UV-induced termite mortality suggests novel pest control possibilities. UV exposure bioassays with half-covered arenas showed that Reticulitermes termites are negatively phototactic to ultraviolet light. Additionally, mortality was significantly reduced in half-covered arenas compared to uncovered controls and this may be a mechanism by which the termites avoid autophototoxicity. Norharmane transfer between trophic levels was observed in saprophagous Tyrophagus sp. mites, associated with laboratory colonies of Reticulitermes, which become fluorescent after ingesting norharmane from termite cadavers. In contrast to termites, these mites showed no mortality when exposed to UV light. No UV-mediated mortality was observed in pavement ants, Tetramorium caespitum L., fed on sucrose and norharmane, discounting the hypothesis that norharmane may play a role in predation protection. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Siderhurst, MS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Logan, Micheal/H-3632-2012 NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 27 EP 49 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 056UP UT WOS:000238550900004 ER PT J AU Mulrooney, JE Wagner, TL Kard, BM Gerard, PD AF Mulrooney, JE Wagner, TL Kard, BM Gerard, PD TI Persistence of termiticides in soil inside and outside miniature concrete foundations (Isoptera) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE termites; termiticide residue; termite mortality ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; CHLORPYRIFOS DEGRADATION; RHINOTERMITIDAE AB A cooperative study of termiticide longevity was initiated in 1990 between the Association of Structural Pest Control Regulatory Officials (ASPCRO), termiticide manufacturers, and the USDA Forest Service. By-the-label applications of seven termiticides were made to soil in trenches inside and outside miniature concrete foundations, and soil samples were collected at 1, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 734, 1057, 1420, 3650, and 4380 d after application. Termiticide residues were fitted using a logistic dose-response model. Half-lives of termiticides in soil in trenches inside and outside foundations (combined data) were: chlorpyrifos, Dursban(R) TC (1,254 d); fenvalerate, Tribute(R) (831 d); permethrin, Dragnet(R) FT (747 d); cypermethrin, Prevail(R) FT (488 d); cypermethrin, Demon(R) TC (399 d); isofenfos, Pryfon 6 (301 d); and permethrin, Torpedo(R) (138 d). Laboratory bioassays conducted 12 y after initial termiticide application showed that chlorpyrifos, applied at 1.0% AI, elicited the greatest termite mortality compared with the other termiticides. Combining inside and outside trench data for each termiticide, termites penetrated to a depth of 26.0 +/- 6.3 mm through Dursban(R)-treated soil. Fenvalerate applied at 0.5% was the most effective pyrethroid at preventing penetration, restricting termite penetration to a depth of 16.1 +/- 5.5 mm of the treated soil. C1 US Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, USDA, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Mulrooney, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, USDA, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 117 EP 133 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 056UP UT WOS:000238550900009 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Sittertz-Bhatkar, H AF Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Sittertz-Bhatkar, H TI Effects of diflubenzuron on the peritrophic matrix and fat body of formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) workers SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; chitin synthesis inhibitor; benzoylphenyl urea; internal organs ID CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MEMBRANES; DIMILIN; ADULT; MODE AB The effects of diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on the peritrophic matrix of workers of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) were studied. Groups of 1,000 C. formosanus workers were fed with a diet containing 250 ppm of diflubenzuron. Control groups of similar size were fed with the same diet without diflubenzuron. All groups were kept at 27 +/- 1 degrees C and 93 +/- 5% RH for 30 days. A sample of 20 workers was removed from each of the groups at the end of this period. Termites were decapitated, fixed in a mixture of paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde, embedded in epoxy, and sectioned at 1 mu m thickness. Sections were stained in a methylene blue-azure II, counter-stained in basic fuchsin and inspected in a compound optical microscope. Diflubenzuron produced changes in the structure of peritrophic matrix and fat body. Termites treated with diflubenzuron had peritrophic matrices damaged or absent. Fat body cells in untreated termites were pink to red in color, while fit body cells in diflubenzuron treated termites were violet to gray and showed large empty spaces in their cytoplasm. The presence or absence of glycogen stained by basic fuchsin may have been responsible for the coloration differences of diflubenzuron treated and untreated termite fat bodies. Implications of diflubenzuron effect on internal organs arc discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Image Anal Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 667 EP 676 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042AH UT WOS:000237498800001 ER PT S AU Sajwan, KS Paramasivam, S Alva, AK Sahi, SV AF Sajwan, Kenneth S. Paramasivam, Siva Alva, Ashok K. Sahi, Shivendra V. BE Twardowska, I Allen, HE Haggblom, MM Stefaniak, S TI FLY ASH-ORGANIC BYPRODUCT MIXTURE AS SOIL AMENDMENT SO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION MONITORING, PROTECTION AND REMEDIATION SE NATO Science Series IV-Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Viable Methods of Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Cracow, POLAND SP NATO DE sorghum sudangrass; collard greens; fly ash; sewage sludge; soil amendments ID QUALITY; RATES AB Greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the potential of fly ash-organic waste co-disposal to enhance crop production. Two pot experiments, one using sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum vulgaris) and other using collard greens ( Brassica olreraceae) were conducted under greenhouse conditions. In addition, a leaching experiment was also conducted to assess the leaching potential of selected heavy metals from fly ash (FA)-sewage sludge (SS) amended soils. The results indicated that biomass production of sorghum sudangrass was significantly increased up to 250 Mg/ha FA: SS mixture amendment, regardless of various ratios of FA: SS mixed amendment. Similarly, the collard greens biomass significantly increased up to 50 Mg/ha. The elemental uptake showed a similar pattern for both sorghum sudangrass and collard greens. The leaching study indicated that increased application rates of amendments ( either alone or as mixtures) resulted in increa(sed leaching of metals. Therefore, low to moderate rates of FA: SS mixture (1:1 ratio) could be successfully used as soil amendments. C1 [Sajwan, Kenneth S.; Paramasivam, Siva] Savannah State Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, 3219 Coll St,POB 20600, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Alva, Ashok K.] USDA ARS, Vegetables & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Sahi, Shivendra V.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP Sajwan, KS (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, 3219 Coll St,POB 20600, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. FU United States Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency [DEFG09-96SR18558] FX This research was performed under the auspices of contract number DEFG09-96SR18558, United States Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency. The authors express their gratitude to Dr. Domy C. Adriano for his helpful suggestions, review and comments in the preparation for this manuscript. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 978-1-4020-4728-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2006 VL 69 BP 387 EP 399 PG 13 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BLV70 UT WOS:000271186900025 ER PT J AU Nearing, MA AF Nearing, M. A. BE Owens, PN Collins, AJ TI Can Soil Erosion be Predicted? SO SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT REDISTRIBUTION IN RIVER CATCHMENTS: MEASUREMENT, MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RUNOFF; PLOTS C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-050-7 PY 2006 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1079/9780851990507.0145 D2 10.1079/9780851990507.0000 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BVW81 UT WOS:000293004000014 ER PT J AU Elliot, WJ AF Elliot, W. J. BE Owens, PN Collins, AJ TI The Roles of Natural and Human Disturbances in Forest Soil Erosion SO SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT REDISTRIBUTION IN RIVER CATCHMENTS: MEASUREMENT, MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Elliot, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-050-7 PY 2006 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1079/9780851990507.0177 D2 10.1079/9780851990507.0000 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BVW81 UT WOS:000293004000018 ER PT J AU Licciardello, F Amore, E Nearing, MA Zimbone, SM AF Licciardello, F. Amore, E. Nearing, M. A. Zimbone, S. M. BE Owens, PN Collins, AJ TI Runoff and Erosion Modelling by WEPP in an Experimental Mediterranean Watershed SO SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT REDISTRIBUTION IN RIVER CATCHMENTS: MEASUREMENT, MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL LOSS PREDICTIONS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; PLOT DATA; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT C1 [Licciardello, F.] Univ Catania, Dept Agr Engn, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Amore, E.] Univ Catania, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [Nearing, M. A.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Zimbone, S. M.] Mediterranean Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Agroforestry & Environm Sci & Technol, I-89061 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. RP Licciardello, F (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dept Agr Engn, Via Santa Sofia 100, I-95123 Catania, Italy. OI LICCIARDELLO, Feliciana/0000-0003-3316-7731; Zimbone, Santo Marcello/0000-0003-2725-2438 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-050-7 PY 2006 BP 186 EP 194 DI 10.1079/9780851990507.0186 D2 10.1079/9780851990507.0000 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BVW81 UT WOS:000293004000019 ER PT B AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Stuedemann, John A. BE Horn, R Fleige, H Peth, S Peng, XH TI Soil physical and biological responses to cattle grazing of cover crops SO Soil Management for Sustainability SE ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference of the International-Soil-Tillage-Research-Organisation CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2006 CL Christian Albrechts Univ, Kiel, GERMANY SP Int Soil Tillage Res Org, Inst Plant Nutr & Soil Sci, Minist Agr, Environm & Rural Landscape HO Christian Albrechts Univ DE bulk density; infiltration; microbial biomass; organic carbon; soil water content ID NITROGEN; BIOMASS; CARBON AB Integration of crops and livestock could be either detrimental or beneficial to soil properties, depending upon timing and intensity of animal traffic and residue cover of the soil surface. We determined surface-soil properties of a Typic Kanhapludult in northeastern Georgia USA during the first three years of an experiment evaluating the effect of tillage [conventional (CT), conservation (NT)], cropping system (summer grain-winter cover, winter grain-summer cover), and cover crop utilization (grazed, ungrazed) variables. With initially high soil organic C due to previous pasture management, depth distribution of total and microbial biomass C became widely divergent between CT and NT following cropping management. Soil bulk density was reduced at a depth of 312 cm with CT, but soil became reconsolidated below 12 cm, similar to that under NT. Ponded water infiltration tended to be lower under grazed than under ungrazed cover crop management, especially at higher antecedent soil water contents. The interaction of cover crop management with antecedent soil water content on water infiltration indicates that long-term cropping system effects on soil physical quality will be partly influenced by timing and intensity of cattle traffic. Although CT management could initially alleviate compaction with periodic tillage, NT management may also have an advantage in pasture - crop rotation systems by preserving the organic matter-enriched surface soil to buffer against compactive forces. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CATENA VERLAG PI REISKIRCHEN PA ARMELGASSE 11, 35447 REISKIRCHEN, GERMANY BN 1-59326-246-9 J9 ADV GEOECOL PY 2006 VL 38 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture GA BFJ45 UT WOS:000242339000015 ER PT B AU Norton, LD Mamedov, AI Huang, CH Levy, GJ AF Norton, Lloyd D. Mamedov, Amrakh I. Huang, Chi-hua Levy, Guy J. BE Horn, R Fleige, H Peth, S Peng, XH TI Soil aggregate stability as affected by long-term tillage and clay mineralogy SO Soil Management for Sustainability SE ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference of the International-Soil-Tillage-Research-Organisation CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2006 CL Christian Albrechts Univ, Kiel, GERMANY SP Int Soil Tillage Res Org, Inst Plant Nutr & Soil Sci, Minist Agr, Environm & Rural Landscape HO Christian Albrechts Univ DE aggregate stability; texture; clay mineralogy; hydraulic properties; HEMC methods ID SEAL FORMATION; INFILTRATION; DISPERSION; EROSION; RAIN AB Soil aggregate breakdown and dispersibility under rain depends on clay mineralogy. Little is known about effects of mineralogy on aggregate stability for long-term cultivated soil which was the objective of our study. Soil samples representing a range of agricultural soils (no-till and tilled) of humid and semi-and zones with predominantly kaolinitic, smectitic, and/or illitic clays were studied. Aggregate stability was determined using high-energy moisture characteristic methods (HEMC), where the destructive force used to break down aggregates was accurately controlled by wetting rate. Stability ratio was calculated based on the differences in pore size distribution after fast and slow wetting. Aggregates from minimum tilled or virgin soils, and soils with predominantly kaolinitic type of mineralogy, were more stable. Long-term tillage significantly decreased organic matter, drainable porosity and aggregate stability of illitic and smectitic soils. No-till significantly increased aggregate stability of the clayey soils with a predominance of 2:1 minerals. In these soils stability ratio correlated well with clay content and erosion data. For humid zone with predominantly kaolinitic soils, clay dispersibility and associated minerals related better to soil loss. The mechanisms describing the effects of soil mineralogy, texture and tillage on aggregate stability, runoff and erosion are discussed. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Norton, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU CATENA VERLAG PI REISKIRCHEN PA ARMELGASSE 11, 35447 REISKIRCHEN, GERMANY BN 1-59326-246-9 J9 ADV GEOECOL PY 2006 VL 38 BP 422 EP 429 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture GA BFJ45 UT WOS:000242339000050 ER PT J AU Seyboldl, CA Grossman, RB AF Seyboldl, CA Grossman, RB TI Prediction of effective cation exchange capacity in low pH soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE effective cation exchange capacity; soil taxonomy; general linear models; prediction AB In soil survey, there is a need to estimate effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) for low pH soil horizons (< 5.5) where measured data are not available. The objectives were to determine if ECEC prediction equations could be developed from readily available soil properties and to test different data stratification approaches to improve predictability. Measured data in the National Soil Survey Characterization database were used for model development. Data stratification by Andisol and non-Andisol soil orders provided the best-fit models for the high organic C (> 8%) soil layers. Total C and pH (CaCl2) explained 44% and 48% of the variation in ECEC for the Andisol and non-Andisol data, respectively. For soil layers with <= 8% organic C, stratifying the data by taxonomic order produced overall better-fitting models than by stratifying by taxonomic mineralogy. The eight taxonomic order equations developed (Andisols, Alfisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, Spodosols, and Ultisols) explained between 22% and 75% of the variation in ECEC, with the Oxisol and Andisol orders having the lowest predictability. Of the mineralogy class equations developed, only three (parasesquic, smectitic, and isotic) produced an R-2 > 0.5. The four CEC-activity class strata, as a group, produced equations with the overall highest R-2 and lowest root-mean-square errors. The CEC-activity classes explained between 62% and 88% of the variation in ECEC. Validation of the best-fitting models with an independent data set showed significant differences from unit one slope and zero intercept, except for the smectitic model. Predicting ECEC from readily available soil properties resulted in mostly moderate to a few strong ECEC prediction equations; weak predictions resulted for the Oxisol and Andisol strata. C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Seyboldl, CA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N,Fed Bldg,Rm 152, Lincoln, NE USA. EM cathy.seybold@lin.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000187360.92976.b2 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009DK UT WOS:000235091300001 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Fisher, DS Schomberg, HH AF Endale, DM Fisher, DS Schomberg, HH TI Soil water regime in space and time in a small Georgia piedmont catchment under pasture SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE; HILLSLOPE; MODEL; GENERATION; TARRAWARRA; HYDROLOGY AB Soil water influences hydrological, biological, and biogeochemical processes that determine on- and off-site response of landscapes tinder different agricultural uses. There are relatively little detailed spatial and temporal soil water measurements to validate current representations of spatial and temporal soil water variability. Soil water was measured over 3 yr at 12 sites to a 1.2-m depth in a 7.8-ha pasture catchment in the Georgia Piedmont in southeastern USA. The Mahalanobis statistical difference was estimated between all pairs of measurement sites for soil water. Multidimensional scaling of the Mahalanobis differences showed that only a single statistical dimension was separating the observed soil water variations at measurement sites (r = 0.99). This statistical dimension was then found to he most closely correlated with the depth to the Bt and the depth of the Ap horizons for explaining the observed variation in soil water between sampling sites (r = 0.69 and r = 0.8, respectively). Those sites where the Bt, an argillic horizon, was close to the surface, even when higher tip the landscape, were generally wetter than those in which the Bt was deeper, even in the lower part of the landscape. The depth to the Bt horizon may serve as an indicator of the portions of the watershed most likely to be primary sources of runoff in association with the depth of overlying coarse-textured soil. Volumetric soil water content was generally greatest in winter (22 to 30% average) and least in summer (8 to 12% except when influenced by intense summer storms). To fully understand the soil water dynamics of Piedmont or similar landscapes, it is important to know the spatial distribution of the depth to the Bt horizon. Improved understanding of the soil water dynamics could lead to improved land use decisions, erosion control, and management of water resources. This should be of interest to many researchers across many disciplines. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dendale@uga.edu NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0106 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009CH UT WOS:000235088200001 ER PT J AU Williams, CF Letey, J Farmer, WJ AF Williams, CF Letey, J Farmer, WJ TI Estimating the potential for facilitated transport of napropamide by dissolved organic matter SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SOIL COLLOIDS; PESTICIDES; IRRIGATION; STABILITY; CHEMICALS; MOVEMENT; ATRAZINE; COLUMNS AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been found to significantly affect the soil sorption/desorption of napropamide [2-(alpha-naphthoxy-N, N-diethylpropionamide] and to enhance its transport through soil columns. A method to qualitatively predict if DOM will enhance the transport of napropamide based on easily determined sorptive characteristics is investigated. Batch sorption experiments were specifically designed to simulate field application of napropamide. The formation of a napropamide-DOM complex was enhanced by pretreating soils with pesticide and allowing the carrier solvent to evaporate prior to preparing a water extract of the soil (K1). A second adsorption coefficient was measured by equilibrating K1 with untreated soil (K2). Column transport studies using the same soils as the batch equilibrium studies were performed. After allowing napropamide to dry, columns were leached. Initial leachate from all soils contained napropamide indicating that the collected napropamide had been transported through the column without adsorption. However, the amount leached was dependant on soil type and in general soils with higher organic matter content had higher concentrations of napropamide in the initial 30 mL of leachate when compared with lower organic matter (OM) soils. The ratio of the K1 and K2 solutions from the batch equilibrium studies were found to be positively correlated with the mass of napropamide in the initial leachate. Therefore the ratio of K1 to K2 provided a better qualitative predictor of the potential for facilitated transport of napropmamide than soil OM content. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM cwillims@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.2136/sssaj2001.0063 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009CH UT WOS:000235088200003 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Martens, DA Forster, HS Herbel, MJ AF Goldberg, S Martens, DA Forster, HS Herbel, MJ TI Speciation of selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) using coupled ion chromatography - Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SELENATE; SELENITE; SOILS AB A simple method was developed to speciate inorganic Se in the mu g L-1 range using coupled ion chromatography-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Because of the differences in toxicity and adsorption behavior, determination of the redox states selenite, Se(IV), and selenate, Se(VI), is important. We used anion exchange chromatography to separate Se(IV) and Se(VI) based on differences in retention times. Samples were then mixed with concentrated HCI and passed through a 130 degrees C sand bath to reduce Se(VI) to Se(IV) for Se determination as the hydride. Detection limits were 0.68 mu g L-1 for Se(IV) and 0.55 mu g L-1 for Se(VI). Spiking of actual sample solutions with Se(IV) and Se(VI) showed the procedure to be accurate for solutions with Se(IV)/Se(VI) ratios ranging from 1:4 to 4:1. Average recovery was 93.1% for Se(IV) and 108% for Se(VI). The technique was used to determine Se(IV) and Se(Vi) in deionized water and actual and synthetic irrigation waters. C1 USDA ARS, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0141 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009CH UT WOS:000235088200005 ER PT J AU Franklin, DH Cabrera, ML Calvert, VH AF Franklin, DH Cabrera, ML Calvert, VH TI Fertilizer source and soil aeration effects on runoff volume and quality SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; SURFACE WATERS; BROILER LITTER; PHOSPHORUS; PASTURES; AMMONIUM; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Minimizing runoff losses from grasslands may benefit the producer and abate potential eutrophication of aquatic systems. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fertilizer source and soil aeration on the volume and quality of runoff from grassed plots. Sixteen tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.]-bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L.] plots were established on Altavista sandy-loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults) in Georgia, USA. Two fertilizer sources (inorganic fertilizer [IF] and broiler litter [BL]) and two aeration treatments (aerated and nonaerated) were factorially combined to generate four experimental treatments. Broiler litter was applied at 1765 kg dry matter ha(-1) and IF was applied to match nutrient rates applied with BL (36 kg available N ha(-1), 39 kg P ha(-1), 60 kg K ha(-1)). Simulated rainfall was applied immediately after fertilizer application and 1 mo later. Runoff samples were analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total Kieldahl phosphorus (TKP), and ammonium (NH4-N). In the first runoff event, plots fertilized with IF lost more TKP than plots fertilized with BL (3.4 vs. 1.1 kg P ha(-1)). In contrast, plots fertilized with BL lost more NH4-N than plots fertilized with IF (1.4 vs. 0.6 kg N ha(-1)). These results support the use of different weighting factors for BL and IF when assessing their potential for contaminating surface runoff. Aeration numerically reduced runoff volume by 27%, though not significantly, in the first runoff event (P = 0.16), but did not affect runoff volume 1 mo later. Aeration did not affect the mass losses of DRP, TKN, and NH4-N. These results indicate that aeration or bayed grasslands on these soils would not he expected to significantly affect the volume and quality of surface runoff. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Cent Georgia Res & Educ Ctr, Eatonton, GA 31024 USA. RP Franklin, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dfrankln@uga.edu NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009CH UT WOS:000235088200011 ER PT J AU Terra, JA Shaw, JN Reeves, DW Raper, RL van Santen, E Schwab, EB Mask, PL AF Terra, JA Shaw, JN Reeves, DW Raper, RL van Santen, E Schwab, EB Mask, PL TI Soil management and landscape variability affects field-scale cotton productivity SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; YIELD VARIABILITY; LINT YIELD; WATER; DELINEATION; TECHNOLOGY; FERTILIZER; CORN AB A better understanding of interactions between soil management and landscape variability and their effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) productivity is needed for precision management. We assessed management practices and landscape variability effects on seed cotton yield in a 9-ha, Alabama field (Typic and Aquic Palendults) during 2001-2003. We hypothesize that landscapes have major effects on cotton productivity, but these effects vary based on management and climate. Treatments were established in replicated strips traversing the landscape in a corn (Zea mays L.)-cotton rotation. Treatments included a conventional system with or without 10 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) dairy manure (CTmanure or CT), and a conservation system with and without manure (NTmanure or NT). Conventional systems consisted of chisel plowing/disking + in-row subsoiling without cover crops. Conservation systems combined no surface tillage with in-row subsoiling and winter cover crops. A soil survey, topographic survey, and interpolated surfaces of soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and surface soil texture were used to delineate five zones using fuzzy k-means clustering. Overall (2001-2003), conservation systems improved cotton yield compared with conventional systems (2710 vs. 2380 kg ha(-1)); neither manure nor treatment X year interactions were significant. The conservation system was more productive than the conventional system in 87% of the cluster X year combinations. Slope, EC, SOC, and clay content were correlated with yield in all treatments. Soil and terrain attributes explained 16 to 64% of yield variation, however, their significance fluctuated between years and treatments. In dry years, factor analyses suggested variables related with soil quality and field-scale water dynamics had greater impacts on CT yields than NT yields. Our results indicate that management zones developed using relatively static soil-landscape data are relatively more suitable for conservation systems, and these zones are affected by soil management. In addition, the impact of NT on yields is most apparent on degraded soils in dry years. C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Shaw, JN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jnshaw@acesag.auburn.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0179 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009CH UT WOS:000235088200013 ER PT J AU Cruz-Guzman, M Celis, R Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Nater, EA Cornejo, J AF Cruz-Guzman, M Celis, R Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Nater, EA Cornejo, J TI Heavy metal adsorption by montmorillonites modified with natural organic cations SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SORPTION; CLAYS; DESORPTION; CHLOROBENZENE; PESTICIDE; SURFACE; SILICA; HG(II); CHARGE; WATER AB Agricultural and industrial pollution release large amounts of heavy metals into the atmosphere, surface water, soil, and plants. The protection and restoration of soils and water contaminated with heavy metals generate a great need to develop efficient adsorbents for these pollutants. This study reports the adsorption of Ph(II) and Fig(H) by two reference montmorillonites, Wyoming (SWy-2) and Arizona (SAz-1), that were pretreated with various natural organic cations containing different functional groups (L-carnitine, L-cysteine ethyl ester, L-cystine dimethyl ester, and thiamine cations) and with synthetic, nonfunctionalized organic cations (hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium [HDTMA] and phenyltrimethylammonium [PTMA] cations). Most of the organoclays adsorbed less Pb(II) than the untreated montmorillonites, with the exception of the L-carnitine-treated montmorillonites. The carboxyl functional group on L-carnitine was apparently effective for complexing Ph. In contrast, Hg(II) adsorption was greatly increased by several of the organic cation pretreatments. Sulfur-containing organic functional groups enhanced Hg(II) adsorption. The synthetic organic cations PTMA and HDTMA suppressed adsorption of Pb(II) and Hg(II) because these organic cations competed with the metals for adsorption sites on the clay surfaces and lack organic functional groups capable of interacting with the heavy metals. These findings are consistent with prior understanding of organic functional group-metal complexation reactions but go further by demonstrating that organoclays can be selectively functionalized with natural organic cations to enhance their affinity for heavy metals. C1 CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cornejo, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, POB 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM cornejo@irnase.csic.es RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; Cruz-Guzman, Marta/B-5175-2017; OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Cruz-Guzman, Marta/0000-0003-0018-3620; Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 29 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 37 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0131 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009CH UT WOS:000235088200024 ER PT J AU Russell, AE Laird, DA Mallarino, AP AF Russell, AE Laird, DA Mallarino, AP TI Nitrogen fertilization and cropping system impacts on soil quality in midwestern mollisols SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIRECT EXTRACTION METHOD; ORGANIC-CARBON; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MINERALIZATION; SEQUESTRATION; ACIDIFICATION; AGRICULTURE; FIXATION; ALFALFA AB High grain production of corn (Zea mays L.) can be maintained by adding inorganic N fertilizer, and also by using crop rotations that include alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but the relative impact of these management practices on soil quality is uncertain. We examined the effects on soil of N fertilization rate (0, 90,180,270 kg ha(-1), corn phase only) in four cropping systems: CC, continuous corn; CS, corn-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]; CCOA, corn-corn-oat (Avena sativa L.)alfalfa; and corn-oat-alfalfa-alfalfa (COAA). The 23- and 48-yr-old experimental sites, situated in northeast (Nashua) and north central (Kanawha) Iowa, were in a replicated split-plot design and managed with conventional tillage. At Nashua, we measured available N, potential net N mineralization and microbial biomass C (MBC) throughout the growing season; all were significantly higher in the CCOA system. At both sites, post-harvest N stocks, and soil organic C (SOC) concentrations were significantly higher in systems containing alfalfa. Grain yield was most strongly correlated with soil N properties. At Nashua, N fertilizer additions resulted in significantly lower soil pH (0- to 15-cm depth) and lower exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the CC and CCOA systems. In an undisturbed prairie reference site for Nashua, low available N, low pH, and high CEC suggested a strong influence of the vegetation on nutrient cycling. In terms of management of soil fertility, inclusion of alfalfa in the rotation differed fundamentally from addition of N fertilizer because high yield was maintained with fewer adverse effects on soil quality. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Russell, AE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM arussell@iastate.edu RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 42 TC 39 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 35 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0058 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009CH UT WOS:000235088200027 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Owens, LB AF Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Owens, LB TI Corn stover impacts on near-surface soil properties of no-till corn in Ohio SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BULK-DENSITY; CONE INDEX; REMOVAL; INFILTRATION; STRENGTH AB Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is a primary biofuel feedstock and its expanded use could help reduce reliance on fossil fuels and net CO2 emissions. Excessive stover removal may, however, negatively impact near-surface soil properties within a short period after removal. We assessed changes in soil crust strength, bulk density (rho(b)), and water content over a 1-yr period following a systematic removal or addition of stover from three no-till soils under corn in Ohio. Soils from ongoing experiments at the North Appalachian, Experimental Watershed (NAEW), Western Agricultural Experiment Station (WAES), and Northwestern Agricultural Experiment Station (NWAES) of Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) were studied. Six stover treatments of 0 (TO), 25 (T25), 50 (T50), 75 (T75), 100 (T100), and 200 (T200)% were imposed on 3 by 3 m plots corresponding to 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 10.00 Mg ha(-1) of stover, respectively. Cone index (CI), shear strength (SHEAR), rho(b), and volumetric water content (theta(v)) were measured monthly from June through December 2004 and in May 2005. Effects of stover removal on increasing Cl and SHEAR were soil-specific. Stover removal consistently increased rho(b) and decreased 0, across soils (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal stover treatment (T100), doubling the amount of stover (T200) did not significantly affect soil properties except 0, where, after 1 yr, T200 increased 0, by 1.3 to 1.6 times compared with T100 across all sites (P < 0.05). After 1 yr, complete stover removal (TO) increased Cl by 1.4 times and SHEAR by 1.3 times at NAEW compared with T100 and 175, but Cl increases at other sites were nonsignificant. At NWAES, TO increased SHEAR by 26% compared with T100 (P < 0.05). The TO decreased 0, by two to four times except in winter months and increased rho(b) by about 10% compared with T100 (P < 0.05). In a short-term test, stover removal resulted in increased soil crust strength and reduced soil water content. C1 Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES, OARDC,Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES, OARDC,Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 45 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 266 EP 278 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0137 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009CH UT WOS:000235088200029 ER PT J AU Fu, GB Chen, SL McCool, DK AF Fu, GB Chen, SL McCool, DK TI Modeling the impacts of no-till practice on soil erosion and sediment yield with RUSLE, SEDD, and ArcView GIS SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; sediment yield; RUSLE; no-tillage practices; Pataha Creek Watershed; ArcView GIS ID LOSS EQUATION; UPLAND EROSION; DELIVERY; RUNOFF; SLOPE; UNITS AB The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), the sediment delivery distributed (SEDD) model, and ArcView GIS were used to estimate the impacts of no-till practice on soil erosion and sediment yield in Pataha Creek Watershed, a typical dryland agricultural watershed in southeastern Washington. The results showed that the average cell soil loss decreased from 11.09 to 3.10 t/ha yr for the whole watershed and from 17.67 to 3.89 t/ha yr for the croplands under the no-till scenario. Likewise, the average cell sediment yield decreased from 4.71 to 1.49 t/ha yr for the entire watershed and from 7.11 to 1.55 t/ha yr for the croplands under no-till practices. The major reason why no-till practice can significantly reduce the soil erosion and sediment yield is that it prevents rill generation which through rill erosion ultimately contributes up to 90% of the soil erosion in the Inland Pacific Northwest region. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, PWA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fu, GB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM guobin_fu@wsu.edu RI Fu, Guobin/A-3243-2008; OI Fu, Guobin/0000-0002-3968-4871 NR 46 TC 61 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.11.009 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 996AL UT WOS:000234146700004 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ Frederick, JR AF Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ Frederick, JR TI Deep tillage management for high strength southeastern USA Coastal Plain soils SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE deep tillage; reduced tillage; soil strength; hardpan; rotation ID SUBSOIL COMPACTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CROP; GROWTH; YIELD; MACHINERY; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; MODEL; WHEAT AB Southeastern USA production is limited in Acrisols (Paleudults and Kandiudults) because they have high strengths and low water holding capacities. Production systems with crop rotations or deep tillage before planting were compared with less intensive management. Production systems included double-crop wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) that were drilled in 0.19 m-row widths and grown in 15 m wide, 150 m long plots with soils of varying hardpan depths. Treatments included surface tillage (disked or none), deep tillage (paratilled or none), deep tillage with winter fallow and maize (Zea mays L.) in rotation, and disked/deep tillage with an in-row subsoiler where soybean was planted in conventional 0.76 m-wide rows. Cone indices were measured near the ends of each plot (120 m apart) to assess soil strength differences among soil types and among treatments. Cone indices were 1.50 MPa higher for non-deep tilled treatments than for deep tilled treatments and 0.44 MPa higher in wheel-track mid rows than in non-wheel-track mid rows. Cone indices were also 0.28 MPa higher for soils with shallower Bt horizons. Cone indices were not significantly different for subsoiled treatments and paratilled treatments. Rainfall was erratic throughout the 5-year experiment with dry periods lasting more than 2 weeks at a time and with annual totals ranging from 520 to 1110 mm. Wheat yields were 0.67 Mg ha(-1) greater for deep-tilled soils (subsoiled and paratilled) than for non-deep-tilled soils. Soybean yields were 0.36 Mg ha(-1) greater for paratilled than for subsoiled or non-deep-tilled treatments partly as a result of the more complete disruption of the paratill and partly because paratilled treatments were managed with narrow rows. Yields did not vary significantly among the soil types despite the fact that they had different cone indices. Tillage was a more dominant factor than soil type. For wheat, lower cone indices from tillage led to higher yields. For soybean, management of uniform loosening from deep tillage and narrow rows led to higher yields. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM busscher@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.01.013 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 996AL UT WOS:000234146700016 ER PT J AU Rosen, DJ Carter, R Bryson, CT AF Rosen, David J. Carter, Richard Bryson, Charles T. TI The recent spread of Cyperus entrerianus (Cyperaceae) in the Southeastern United States and its invasive potential in bottomland hardwood forests SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Cyperus entrerianus, a native of temperate South America, has become a tenacious weed in the southeastern United States. Herbarium and field studies revealed records of C. entrerianus from an additional 39 counties in the southeastern United States, increasing the number of counties where it is known by 118%. Vegetation sampling at two southeast Texas bottomland hardwood stands showed that C. entrerianits is capable of invading the understory of a mature forest with old-growth characteristics and that native herbaceous species richness and aerial cover are negatively correlated with increasing aerial cover of C. entrerianus. Life-history characteristics of C. entrerianus suggest it will continue to spread and could alter both herbaceous and woody plant dynamics in bottomland forests of the southeastern United States. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Herbarium, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. RP Rosen, DJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 17629 El Camino Real,Suite 211, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM david_rosen@fws.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[333:TRSOCE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068YB UT WOS:000239409700014 ER PT J AU Rudolph, DC Burgdorf, SJ Schaefer, RR Conner, RN Maxey, RW AF Rudolph, D. Craig Burgdorf, Shirley J. Schaefer, Richard R. Conner, Richard N. Maxey, Ricky W. TI Status of Pituophis ruthveni (Louisiana Pine Snake) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MELANOLEUCUS-RUTHVENI AB Extensive trapping surveys across the historical range of Pituophis ruthveni (Louisiana Pine Snake) suggest that extant populations are extremely small and limited to remnant patches of suitable habitat in a highly fragmented landscape. Evaluation of habitat at all known historical localities of P. ruthveni documents the widespread degradation of the fire-maintained pine ecosystem throughout the historical range of the species. The primary factors leading to degradation of P. ruthveni habitat are intensive pine silviculture and alteration of the pre-European fire regime. Habitat restoration on public lands is feasible and could potentially restore populations of this critically rare species. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn,Wildlife Habita & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. SFASU, Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Rudolph, DC (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn,Wildlife Habita & Silviculture Lab, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM crudolph01@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 463 EP 472 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[463:SOPRLP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096FU UT WOS:000241363800008 ER PT J AU van Rensburg, JCJ Lamprecht, SC Groenewald, JZ Castlebury, LA Crous, PW AF van Rensburg, Johan C. Janse Lamprecht, Sandra C. Groenewald, Johannes Z. Castlebury, Lisa A. Crous, Pedro W. TI Characterisation of Phomopsis spp. associated with die-back of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) in South Africa SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elongation factor 1-alpha gene; Diaporthe; endophytes; ITS; pathogenicity; Phomopsis die-back; systematics ID GRAPEVINES AB Die-back of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) causes substantial losses in commercial Aspalathus plantations in South Africa. In the past, the disease has been attributed to Phomopsis phaseoli (teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum). Isolates obtained from diseased plants, however, were highly variable with regard to morphology and pathogenicity. The aim of the present study was thus to identify the Phomopsis species associated with die-back of rooibos. Isolates were subjected to DNA sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) and partial sequences of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene. Furthermore, isolates were also compared in glasshouse inoculation trials on 8-mo-old potted plants to evaluate their pathogenicity. Five species were identified, of which D. aspalathi (formerly identified as D. phaseolorum or D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis) proved to be the most virulent, followed by D. ambigua, Phomopsis theicola, one species of Libertella and Phomopsis, respectively, and a newly described species, P cuppatea. A description is also provided for D. ambigua based on a newly designated epitype specimen. C1 ARC, Res Inst Plant Protect, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lamprecht, SC (reprint author), ARC, Res Inst Plant Protect, P Bag X5017, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM lamprechts@arc.agric.za RI Groenewald, Johannes/F-4667-2011; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 6 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI BAARN PA PO BOX 273, 3740 AG BAARN, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PY 2006 IS 55 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 065LO UT WOS:000239161600006 ER PT J AU Samuels, GJ Dodd, S Lu, BS Petrini, O Schroers, HJ Druzhinina, IS AF Samuels, Gary J. Dodd, Sarah Lu, Bing-Sheng Petrini, Orlando Schroers, Hans-Josef Druzhinina, Irina S. TI The Trichoderma koningii aggregate species SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE actin; barcode; Bayesian phylogeny; local BLAST; biogeography; biological control; cacao; calmodulin; endophytes; GCPSR; Hypocrea; Hypocreales; Hypocreaceae; ISTH; ITS1 and 2; molecular identification; morphological key; nomenclature; rDNA; RNA polymerase; sequence similarity search; species identification; systematics; translation elongation factor 1-alpha ID GENUS TRICHODERMA; HYPOCREA; COMPLEX; SYSTEMATICS; TELEOMORPH; PHYLOGENY; AUSTRALIS; DIVERSITY AB The morphological concept of Trichoderma koningii is found to include several species that differ from each other in details of phenotype (including conidium morphology, growth rate) and biogeography. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing partial sequences of the translation-elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), as well as fragments of actin and calmodulin genes, indicate that phenotypic characters typical of T. koningii evolved independently in three well-separated main lineages. Combined molecular and phenotype data lead to the development of a taxonomy with the recognition of twelve taxonomic species and one variety within the three lineages. These lineages include: (1) T. koningii and T. ovalisporum and the new species T. caribbaeum var. caribbaeum, T. caribbaeum var. aequatoriale, T. dorotheae, T. dingleyae, T. intricatum, T. koningiopsis, T. petersenii and T. taiwanense; (2) the new species T. rogersonii and T. austrokoningii, and (3) the new anamorph T. stilbohypoxyli. Trichoderma koningii s. stir. is an uncommon species restricted to Europe and eastern North America; T. caribbaeum var. aequatoriale, T. koningiopsis, and T. ovalisporum were isolated as endophytes of trunks of Theobroma species in tropical America, and T. ovalisporum from the woody liana Banisteropsis caapi in Ecuador; T. koningiopsis is common in tropical America but was isolated also from natural substrata in East Africa, Europe and Canada, and from ascospores in eastern North America, and as an endophyte in Theobroma species; T. stilbohypoxyli, originally described as a parasite of Stilbohypoxylon species in Puerto Rico, is found to be more common in the tropics, besides an endophytic isolate from Fagus in U.K. The additional new species are known almost exclusively from their teleomorphs. Isolates of T. ovalisporum and T. koningiopsis may have biological control potential. A morphophenetic key and a set of tools for molecular species identification were developed. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Tech Univ Vienna, Abt Mikrobielle Biochem, Inst Biochem Technol & Mikrobiol, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gary@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 57 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 8 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI BAARN PA PO BOX 273, 3740 AG BAARN, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PY 2006 IS 56 BP 67 EP 133 PG 67 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 109KS UT WOS:000242307500005 ER PT J AU Jaklitsch, WM Samuels, GJ Dodd, SL Lu, BS Druzhinina, IS AF Jaklitsch, Walter M. Samuels, Gary J. Dodd, Sarah L. Lu, Bing-Sheng Druzhinina, Irina S. TI Hypocrea rufa/Trichoderma viride: a reassessment, and description of five closely related species with and without warted conidia SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian phylogeny; biogeography; biological control; cacao; endophytes; Hypocrea; Hypocreales; Hypocreaceae; molecular identification; morphological key; nomenclature; species identification; systematics; translation elongation factor 1-alpha ID TRICHODERMA-VIRIDE; GENUS TRICHODERMA; SP NOV.; SYSTEMATICS; REVISION; ISOLATE; CACAO; SPP. AB The type species of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi), H. rufa, is re-defined and epitypified using a combination of phenotype (morphology of teleomorphs and anamorphs, and characteristics in culture) and phylogenetic analyses of the translation-elongation factor 1 alpha gene. Its anamorph, T. viride, the type species of Trichoderma, is re-described and epitypified. Eidamia viridescens is combined as Trichoderma viridescens and is recognised as one of the most morphologically and phylogenetically similar relatives of T. viride. Its teleomorph is newly described as Hypocrea viridescens. Contrary to frequent citations of H. rufa and T. viride in the literature, this species is relatively rare. Although both T. viride and T. viridescens have a wide geographic distribution, their greatest genetic diversity appears to be in Europe and North America. Hypocrea vinosa is characterised and its anamorph, T. vinosum sp. nov., is described. Conidia of T. vinosum are subglobose and warted. The new species T. gamsii is proposed. It shares eidamia-like morphology of conidiophores with T. viridescens, but it has smooth, ellipsoidal conidia that have the longest L/W ratio that we have seen in Trichoderma. Trichoderma scalesiae, an endophyte of trunks of Scalesia pedunculata in the Galapagos Islands, is described as new. It only produces conidia on a low-nutrient agar to which filter paper has been added. Additional phylogenetically distinct clades are recognised and provisionally delimited from the species here described. Trichoderma neokoningii, a T. koningii-like species, is described from a collection made in Peru on a fruit of Theobroma cacao infected with Moniliophthora roreri. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Res Area Gene Technol & Appl Biochem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gary@nt.ars-grin.gov RI Jaklitsch, Walter/B-4970-2013 NR 60 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI BAARN PA PO BOX 273, 3740 AG BAARN, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PY 2006 IS 56 BP 135 EP 177 PG 43 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 109KS UT WOS:000242307500006 ER PT S AU Goldberg, S Suarez, DL AF Goldberg, S. Suarez, D. L. BE Lutzenkirchen, J TI Prediction of anion adsorption and transport in soil systems using the constant capacitance model SO SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELLING SE Interface Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BORON ADSORPTION; MOLYBDENUM ADSORPTION; CHEMICAL-PARAMETERS; SOLUTION INTERFACE; ISOTHERMS; MINERALS; SORPTION C1 [Goldberg, S.; Suarez, D. L.] USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1573-4285 BN 978-0-08-046778-8; 978-0-12-372572-1 J9 INTERFACE SCI TECHNO PY 2006 VL 11 BP 491 EP 517 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCU32 UT WOS:000311431200019 ER PT J AU Park, HY Driskell, JD Kwarta, KM Lipert, RJ Porter, MD Schoen, C Neill, JD Ridpath, JF AF Park, Hye-Young Driskell, Jeremy D. Kwarta, Karen M. Lipert, Robert J. Porter, Marc D. Schoen, Christian Neill, John D. Ridpath, Julia F. TI Ultrasensitive immunoassays based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering by immunogold labels SO SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE TOPICS IN APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHOTOTHERMAL DEFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE SILVER NANOPARTICLES; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PLASMON RESONANCE; COLLOIDAL GOLD; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MOLECULES C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Inst Combinatoria Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Concurrent Analyt Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Park, HY (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Inst Combinatoria Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; OI Driskell, Jeremy/0000-0001-5082-898X NR 85 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS PY 2006 VL 103 BP 427 EP 446 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFD05 UT WOS:000241099100023 ER PT J AU Leary, JK Singleton, PW Scowcroft, PG Borthakur, D AF Leary, James K. Singleton, Paul W. Scowcroft, Paul G. Borthakur, Dulal TI Symbiotic diversity in the cosmopolitan genus Acacia SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Review DE Acacia; subg. Acacia; subg. Aculeiferum; subg. Phyllodineae; Bradyrhizobium; Mesorhizobium; Rhizobium; Sinorhizobium; flavonoid; nod factor; taxonomy ID ROOT-NODULE BACTERIA; OLIGOSACCHARIDE NODULATION SIGNALS; INTRON SPACER REGIONS; MATK CODING SEQUENCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; LEGUMINOUS TREES; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; PHYTOCHEMICAL SURVEY; TRNK INTRON AB Acacia is the second largest genus within the Leguminosae, with 1352 species identified. This genus is now known to be polyphyletic and the international scientific community will presumably split Acacia into five new genera. This review examines the diversity of biological nitrogen fixation symbiosis within Acacia as a single genus. Due to its global importance, an extensive body of scientific literature is available on Acacia, particularly in the area of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Most significantly, Acacia can be separated into nodulating and non-nodulating species. The nodulating Acacia species are symbiotically compatible with a wide range of soil rhizobia. Four different genera of rhizobia are known to nodulate with species of Acacia, while most other legumes nodulate with only a single species of rhizobia. The diversity of symbiotic interactions in Acacia also corresponds to a wide range of flavonoid inducers produced by the different species. Corresponding to the chemical inducers produced by the host Acacia, the nodulating rhizobia also produce a wide range of lipo-chito-oligosaccharide inducers, called Nod factors. The symbiotic diversity we describe for Acacia helps to explain the adaptability of different species within this genus to a wide. range of extreme environments. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Borthakur, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, 1955 E W Rd,Agr Sci 218, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dulal@hawaii.edu NR 115 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 107 EP 117 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 108ZC UT WOS:000242276700001 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, Richard J. TI Preparation and deprotection of aldehyde dimethylhydrazones SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aldehyde dimethylhydrazones; aqueous glyoxylic acid; deprotection; N,N-dimethylhydrazine; prepartion ID CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; HYDRAZONES; ALKYLATION AB Aldehydes were conveniently protected as dimethylhydrazones by stirring a mixture of the aldehyde, N,N-dimethylhydrazine, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and dichloromethane at room temperature. Azeotropic removal of water, formed during the course of the reaction, was not required because anhydrous magnesium sulfate functions as a water scavenger. Deprotection of aldehyde dimethylhydrazones was accomplished by stirring a mixture of the aldehyde dimethylhydrazone and aqueous glyoxylic acid at room temperature. The reaction time for the preparation and deprotection of aldehyde dimethylhydrazones varied with the structure of the aldehyde. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM petrosrj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2006 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1727 EP 1734 DI 10.1080/00397910600616776 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 041TW UT WOS:000237480000012 ER PT J AU Jones, JB Lacy, GH Bouzar, H Stall, RE Schaad, NW AF Jones, JB Lacy, GH Bouzar, H Stall, RE Schaad, NW TI "Reclassification of the xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper" (vol 27, pg 755, 2004) SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, FDWSRU1301, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Jones, JB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM JBJones@ifas.ufl.edu NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.05.002 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 013EZ UT WOS:000235393900012 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Francisco-Ortega, J Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ AF Meerow, AW Francisco-Ortega, J Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ TI Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography within the Eurasian clade of Amaryllidaceae based on plastid ndhF and nrDNA ITS sequences: Lineage sorting in a reticulate area? SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Review ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; NONCODING DNA-SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR-DATA SETS; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR; INCONGRUENCE AB The monophyletic Eurasian clade of Amaryllidaceae was analyzed using plastid ndhF and rDNA ITS sequences for 33 and 29 taxa, respectively; all genera were represented by at least one species. Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis were used on each data set and the combined data. Both sequence matrices resolve the Central and East Asian tribe Lycorideae as sister to the Mediterranean-centered genera of the clade, and recognize two large subclades within the greater Mediterranean region: Galantheae, consisting of Acis, Galanthus and Leucojum; and Narcisseae (Narcissus and Sternbergia)/Pancratium. However, there are areas of incongruence between the ndhF and ITS trees. When three predominantly monotypic genera, Hannonia, Lapiedra, and Vagaria, centered in North Africa, are removed from the alignments, the two sequence matrices produce fully congruent topologies with increased support at many of the nodes, with ILD between partitions rising from P = 0.07 to 0.96. We hypothesize that lineage sorting took place after the divergence of Galantheae and Narcisseae/Pancratium from a common genepool with Hannonia, Lapiedra, and Vagaria retaining a mosaic of the ancestral haplotypes. We also performed dispersal-vicariance analysis to reconstruct biogeographic scenarios on several of the generic level phylogenies found with and without these three genera included, as well as on a species-level phylogeny of Galantheae. After the vicariant divergence of the Asian Lycorideae, North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula are the most likely areas of origin for the rest of the clade. The results of the dispersal-vicariance analysis are discussed in the context of the complex biogeographic history of the Mediterranean basin. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM ameerow@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 116 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 42 EP 60 DI 10.1600/036364406775971787 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 023IE UT WOS:000236119500006 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Damert, WC AF Cardamone, JM Damert, WC TI Low-temperature dyeing of wool processed for shrinkage control SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE wool; low-temperature dyeing; shrinkagecontrol; ARS process ID HAIR; FABRICS AB Wool fabrics treated for shrinkage control by applying a novel two-step ARS process involving an activated peroxide bleach followed by enzyme treatment were dyed at lower temperatures within shorter dyeing times than conventional dyeing with acid dyes which require 90 degrees C or higher for 60 minutes or longer. The shrinkage control process involved bleaching pretreatment with dicyandiamide in alkaline hydrogen peroxide and with gluconic acid additive at 30 degrees C (86 degrees F) for 30 minutes followed by sulfite-assisted serine protease treatment for biopolishing and shrinkage prevention at 45 degrees C (113 degrees F) for 40 minutes. Dye uptake with time over the temperature range of dyeing showed that untreated fabrics and pretreated fabrics exhibited sigmoidal dyeing behavior with exhaustion within 55-70 minutes at 55-60 degrees C. Fabrics pretreated and subsequently treated with enzyme exhibited exponential dyeing behavior with exhaustion within 20-30 minutes at 30-55 degrees C. We attributed low temperature dyeing with reduced dyeing times to changes in wool morphology and chemical structure as documented by both scanning electron and confocal fluorescent microscopy. The ARS process provides shrinkage control with greater ease of bleaching and dyeing. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. EM jcardamone@errc.ars.usda NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1177/0040517506057956 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 030RC UT WOS:000236651000012 ER PT J AU Klein, RR Klein, PE Mullet, JE Minx, P Rooney, WL Schertz, KF AF Klein, RR Klein, PE Mullet, JE Minx, P Rooney, WL Schertz, KF TI Fertility restorer locus Rf1 of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein not present in the colinear region of rice chromosome 12 (vol 111, pg 994, 2005) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Klein, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rklein@tamu.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 112 IS 2 BP 388 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0134-9 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 994IV UT WOS:000234026000020 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Liu, J Anderson, SP Dunn, C Miller, JD Owen, JR Riley, RT Bacon, CW Corton, JC AF Voss, KA Liu, J Anderson, SP Dunn, C Miller, JD Owen, JR Riley, RT Bacon, CW Corton, JC TI Toxic effects of fumonisin in mouse liver are independent of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; hepatotoxicity ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; IN-VIVO; PPAR-ALPHA; RAT-LIVER; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; INCREASED EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; RISK-FACTOR; B-1 AB Fumonisin mycotoxins occur worldwide in corn and corn-based foods. Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is a rodent liver carcinogen and suspected human carcinogen. It inhibits ceramide synthase and increases tissue sphinganine (Sa) and sphingosine (So) concentrations. Events linking disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and fumonisin toxicity are not fully understood; however, Sa and So were shown to bind mouse recombinant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) in vitro. To investigate the role of PPAR alpha in fumonisin hepatotoxicity in vivo, wild-type (WT) and PPAR alpha-null mice were fed control diets or diets containing 300 ppm FB1, Fusarium verticillioides culture material (CM) providing 300 ppm FB1, or 500 ppm of the peroxisome proliferator WY-14,643 (WY) for 1 week. WY-fed WT mice exhibited hepatomegaly, an effect not found in WY-fed PPAR alpha-null mice, and WY did not change liver sphingoid base concentrations in either strain. Hepatotoxicity found in FB1- and CM-fed WT and PPAR alpha-null mice was similar, qualitatively different from that found in WY-treated animals, and characterized by increased Sa concentration, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Transcript profiling using oligonucleotide arrays showed that CM and FB1 elicited similar expression patterns of genes involved in cell proliferation, signal transduction, and glutathione metabolism that were different from that altered by WY. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of gene expression demonstrated PPAR alpha-dependence of lipid metabolism gene expression in WY-treated mice, whereas PPAR alpha-independent alterations of genes in lipid metabolism, and other categories, were found in CM- and FB1-fed mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that FB1- and CM-induced hepatotoxicity in mice does not require PPAR alpha. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NIEHS, NCI, LCC, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. ToxicoGenom, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM kvoss@saa.ars.usda.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj019 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993XN UT WOS:000233991000011 PM 16221962 ER PT J AU Chung, SO Sudduth, KA Hummel, JW AF Chung, SO Sudduth, KA Hummel, JW TI Design and validation of an on-the-go soil strength profile sensor SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ASAE DE cone penetrometer; precision agriculture; sensor; soil compaction; soil strength ID MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; TILLAGE; TOOL AB Soil strength has traditionally been determined using the cone penetrometer, an instrument that provides highly variable discrete point measurements, making it difficult to detect statistically significant differences in the soil strength profile among treatments or locations. Generally, this problem has been addressed by obtaining a large number of measurements, a process that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Our objective was to develop a soil strength profile sensor (SSPS) that could take measurements continuously and more efficiently while traveling across the field. The on-the-go SSPS was designed and fabricated using an array of load cells, each of which was interfaced with a soil-cutting tip. These multiple prismatic tips were extended forward from the leading edge of a vertical blade and spaced apart to minimize interference from the main blade and adjacent sensing tips. Prismatic soil strength index (PSSI, MPa) was defined as the force divided by the base area of the sensing tip. The sensing tip had a 60 cutting or apex angle and a base area of 361 mm(2). The design maximum operating depth was 0.5 m, and the upper limit and resolution of soil strength were 19.4 and 0.14 MPa, respectively. Field tests determined that the optimum extension and spacing of the cutting tips were 5.1 and 10 cm, respectively. A significant (a = 0.01) linear relationship between PSSI and penetrometer cone index (CI), with a slope of approximately 0.6, was found for field data collected at a 30 cm depth. The ability to develop such relationships comparing penetrometer and SSPS data will allow SSPS data to be interpreted with respect to the available body of penetrometer literature. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Inst Agr Engn, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sudduthk@missouri.edu NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200001 ER PT J AU Richardson, B Thistle, HW AF Richardson, B. Thistle, H. W. TI Measured and predicted aerial spray interception by a young Pinus radiata canopy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ASAE DE aerial application; AGDISP canopy deposition; pesticides; simulation model AB Plant canopies are often the direct or indirect target during aerial spraying. Therefore, there are benefits from understanding and being able to model the factors influencing spray deposition in canopies. Potential benefits from having models that simulate spray interception by canopies include the ability to define application methods and conditions necessary to maximize spray efficiency (i.e., achieve the biological objective with a minimum dose) and to minimize off-target environmental impacts. An experimental study was undertaken to measure spray interception by a discontinuous radiata pine canopy. Two droplet size treatments (volume median diameters of 596 versus 295 mu m) were applied using a Jet Ranger helicopter, with eight replications of each treatment. Spray deposition was measured on horizontally oriented plastic tubes, which were threaded onto strings located at different layers through a 3 m high canopy. Other measurements included leaf area distribution within the plot and meteorological conditions, with helicopter flight line location and release height determined from a global positioning system. Spray attenuation through the canopy was greater with the smaller droplet size, with only 34% of the spray reaching the lowest sampling level compared to 46% with the larger droplets. Predictions of spray attenuation by the optical canopy model in AGDISP did not closely match measured attenuation. C1 Ensis, Forest Biosecur & Protect, Rotorua, New Zealand. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Richardson, B (reprint author), Ensis, Forest Biosecur & Protect, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. EM brian.richardson@ensisjv.com RI Richardson, Brian/B-9822-2013 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200002 ER PT J AU Wang, X Harmel, RD Williams, JR Harman, WL AF Wang, X Harmel, RD Williams, JR Harman, WL TI Evaluation of epic for assessing crop yield, runoff, sediment and nutrient losses from watersheds with poultry litter fertilization SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE animal manure; crop yield; EPIC model; nutrient loss; runoff; sediment loss; water quality ID IMPACTS; EROSION; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; MANURE; FLOW; UNCERTAINTY; POLLUTION; VERTISOL AB Faced with limited comprehensive data on the economic, agronomic, and environment effects of land-applying animal wastes, water quality models are increasingly used to explore management and policy alternatives. However, thorough evaluation of these models is needed to assess their predictive ability for this resource issue. The EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) model version 3060 was evaluated using data collected from six cultivated small watersheds (4.0 to 8.4 ha) near Riesel, Texas. The study watersheds were fallow in 2001, cropped with corn (Zea mays L.) in 2002 and 2003, and planted to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2004. A target poultry litter application rate from 0 to 13.4 Mg ha(-1) was randomly assigned to each of the watersheds. Monthly data of runoff, sediment, and soluble P for 2001-2002 from one watershed (Y13) were used to calibrate the initial CN2, erosion control practice factor, RUSLE C factor coefficient, and phosphorus sorption ratio. The modeling efficiency (EF) for the calibrated period was 0.90 for runoff, 0.65 for sediment, and 0.94 for soluble P. EPIC was validated using the 2001-2004 measured data for the other five watersheds and the remaining data for Y13. It successfully predicted surface runoff on an annual, monthly, and daily basis for all watersheds, with EF values larger than 0.5 and R-2 larger than 0.7. The sediment, organic N and P, soluble P, and NO3-N losses simulated by EPIC were satisfactory, with EF values ranging from 0.59 to 0.87 based on annual comparisons and larger than 0.4 (in 25 out of 30 tests) based on monthly comparisons. EF was 0.96 for crop yields. Paired t-tests based on monthly comparisons of runoff, sediment and nutrient losses, and annual crop yields indicated that the differences between predicted and observed values were not significantly different from zero at the significance level of a = 0.05, except for soluble P losses for the control watershed. Both parametric and nonparametric statistical tests for EF values of monthly comparisons of runoff, sediment and nutrient losses, and percent errors of crop yields indicated that the reliability of the model was not significantly different among the poultry litter application watersheds and the control watershed, with the exception of soluble P losses for the control watershed. These statistical tests indicate that EPIC was able to replicate the runoff, water quality, and crop yield impacts of poultry litter application. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA, ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM swang@brc.tamus.edu RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200005 ER PT J AU Williams, JR Harman, WL Magre, M Kizil, U Lindley, JA Padmanabhan, G Wang, E AF Williams, JR Harman, WL Magre, M Kizil, U Lindley, JA Padmanabhan, G Wang, E TI Apex feedlot water quality simulation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE APEX model; feedlot; filter strips; manure erosion; nutrient runoff; water quality ID FILTER STRIPS; RUNOFF; EVAPORATION; MODEL; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; NUTRIENT; LOSSES; LENGTH; AREAS AB A manure erosion equation was developed and added to the APEX model for use in estimating nutrient losses from feedlots and manure application fields. The modified APEX was validated with data from feedlots near Bushland, Texas, and Carrington, North Dakota. The model was used to investigate feedlot management options on a hypothetical feedlot with realistic data. Vegetative filter strip (VFS) characteristics including 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% FLRs (flow length ratios, i.e., filter flow length/feedlot flow length) and slopes of 1%, 5%, and 10% were considered. Combinations of these VFS characteristics were compared on two soil types: clay loam and fine sandy loam. Management options included three stocking rates (10, 15, and 20 m(2) head(-1)) and two clean-out intervals (90 and 180 d). Additionally, two climatic conditions (precipitation of 440 and 825 mm year(-1)) were simulated. Results from 50-year simulations indicate that a VFS downslope of the feedlot can greatly reduce nutrient loads. All three VFS characteristics (FLR, slope, and soil) were important in controlling organic N and P losses. The best organic N and P control was obtained from a VFS with maximum FLR (100%), minimum slope (1%), and a sandy loam soil. Results were similar for soluble N and P control except that VFS slope had little effect. The simulated management options (clean-out interval and stocking rate) were also effective in controlling nutrient losses. The climatic variable (annual precipitation) gave higher nutrient losses from the feedlot and the VFS with 825 mm than with 440 mm. Nutrient control efficiencies, CEs, 100.* (1.0 - nutrient loss from VFS/nutrient loss from feedlot) were calculated for all scenarios considered. The VFSs on sandy loam soil with FLRs equal to or greater than 50% gave the highest CEs for both soluble and organic nutrients. Other factors including VFS slope, clean-out interval, and stocking rate had marginal impacts on CE. For soluble nutrients, CE is inversely related to annual precipitation. Thus, it is important to locate feedlots in areas with low precipitation and to provide a well designed VFS. The APEX model with the new manure erosion equation provides a tool for designing VFSs for controlling nutrient losses from feedlots. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, USDA, ARS, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dickinson Res Extens Ctr, Dickinson, ND USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Tarleton State Univ, Dept Agribusiness, Stephenville, TX USA. RP Williams, JR (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, USDA, ARS, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM williams@brc.tamus.edu RI Kizil, Unal/C-8833-2013 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 61 EP 73 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200006 ER PT J AU Igathinathane, C Womac, AR Sokhansanj, S Pordesimo, LO AF Igathinathane, C Womac, AR Sokhansanj, S Pordesimo, LO TI Mass and moisture distribution in aboveground components of standing corn plants SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; biomass; corn stover; harvest; size reduction; storage; transport ID STOVER; MATURITY; YIELD AB Corn stover mass and moisture properties were identified to aid decisions regarding collection of standing corn stover dry matter with least moisture, and to aid development of moisture prediction tools for applications including harvest, transport, size reduction, and storage. Vertical distributions of mass and moisture in standing stalks and aboveground components such as leaf, husk, and ear in standing corn plants were evaluated over time. Stalks were cut into 254 mm long sections to facilitate analysis, and to correspond with billet length collected for cane-type crops. Stalks had the greatest wet mass (72.6%) followed by leaf (20.7%) and husk (6.8%) during the normal harvest period. Moisture profile in aboveground plant components exhibited two separate, sequential linear relationships when plotted with time. The first zone was rapid moisture reduction prior to the normal harvest period. The second zone, corresponding with but not the result of grain harvest, had slow, gradual moisture reduction and stabilization. Geometrical analyses of stalk cross-sectional area, volume, and lateral surface area to volume ratio documented physical properties for future moisture prediction tools. Considering stalks only, the bottom 1 to 4 stalk sections had 60.6% of total dry matter, although that was the last portion of the stalk to dry, thereby increasing the liability of added moisture on transportation and storage. An apparent drying front moved downward through the plant over time and may be explained by reduced the lateral surface area to volume ratio from stalk top to stalk bottom. Dry matter and moisture content of stalks were not significantly influenced by the observed soil and environmental parameters, including rainfall. It was hypothesized that standing stalks readily shed rainfall and allowed less opportunity for moisture penetration. Mass and moisture content of discrete stalk sections were normalized using plant height to facilitate multiple regression equations applicable to other crop heights. Results pertain to assessment of mass and moisture status of standing stalks in the field before and after grain harvest, identity of moisture factors related to the supply of uniform-quality feedstock, and discovery of relevant biomass properties needed for design and management of efficient biomass processes and equipment. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, ARS, Instrument & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Womac, AR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, 2506 E J Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM awomac@utk.edu OI Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200010 ER PT J AU Lu, R Srivastava, AK Ababneh, HAA AF Lu, R Srivastava, AK Ababneh, HAA TI Finite element analysis and experimental evaluation of bioyield probes for measuring apple fruit firmness SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE apples; bioyield; firmness; fruit; nondestructive measurement ID TESTER AB The bioyield phenomenon occurs during compression of an apple fruit by a mechanical probe, which results in cell failure without tissue rupture. Because of its minimal damage to the fruit, the bioyield phenomenon can be used for nondestructive or minimally destructive evaluation of fruit firmness. The objective of this research was to develop a probe for better measurement of the bioyield point for apple fruit to assess their firmness. The research was based on the premise that the soft-tipped probe would produce constant contact and a uniform pressure distribution over the contact area of the fruit and thus enhance the detection of the bioyield point. The finite element method was used to analyze the contact stress distribution in the apple fruit resulting from the compression of soft bioyield probes of different sizes, thicknesses, and elastic moduli. The modeling results showed that to achieve uniform contact pressure, the bioyield probe should have a soft tip with an elastic modulus comparable to or less than that of the fruit and a thickness greater than 2 mm. Six bioyield probes, along with the standard destructive Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness tester, were tested on four apple cultivars ('Gala,' 'Golden Delicious,' 'Fuji,' and 'Red Delicious'). Probe size (between 6.4 mm and 11.1 mm) did not affect the correlation between force at the bioyield point and MT firmness. The probe with a 1.6 mm thick tip, which was undesirable based on the finite element modeling, had a high missing rate (13%) of detecting the bioyield point, compared to that (2%) for the other five probes with thicker soft tips. The 6.4 mm probe with a 3.2 mm thick rubber tip and an elastic modulus of 3.27 MPa had a good correlation (r = 0.828) with MT firmness measurement. Since the smaller probe causes minimal damage to the fruit, it is a better choice for the bioyield measurement. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 20 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200013 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP Park, B Feldner, PW AF Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP Park, B Feldner, PW TI Effect of broiler carcass washing on fecal contaminant imaging SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ASAE DE feces; food safety; hyperspectral; imaging; imaging spectrometry; multispectral; poultry ID POULTRY CARCASSES; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; SYSTEM; INSPECTION AB The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service has mandated that there be no fecal contaminants on poultry carcasses when the carcasses enter the chiller tank because of a risk of cross-contamination of pathogens. Since the inception of the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) mandate, the poultry industry has increased the amount of water used per bird to ensure compliance with this mandate. This article reports on research to develop a method to identify fecal contaminants on poultry carcasses with a hyperspectral imaging system and to evaluate the effectiveness of this system for detecting contaminant residues and stains on mechanically washed carcasses. The imaging system easily identified fecal contaminants (98%) prior to mechanical washing but also incorrectly identified 196 carcass features that were not contaminants (false positives). However, almost half of the false positives came from only five carcasses. Results confirm the feasibility of using such a system for detecting fecal contaminants. For washed carcasses, the hyperspectral imaging system significantly detected about 45% of the cecal stains and 34% of the duodenum stains. Contaminant wash times of 8 or 12 s did not significantly affect either the observation of visible stains or the hyperspectral detection of those stains. However, the hyperspectral imaging system detected significantly more cecal stains at the longer contaminant exposure time of 12 min than at the shorter exposure time of 2 min. For hyperspectral contaminant detection, no other contaminant exposure-time effects were observed. Based on the interpretation of the FSIS regulation of fecal contaminants, fecal stains are not normally considered contaminants. Therefore, to comply with the FSIS regulation while not adversely affecting processing plants' production, the hyperspectral imaging system should be modified to prevent detection of fecal stains. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM klawrence@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 133 EP 140 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200014 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Gates, RS Lawrence, LM Jacob, JD Stombaugh, TS Coleman, RJ AF Purswell, JL Gates, RS Lawrence, LM Jacob, JD Stombaugh, TS Coleman, RJ TI Air exchange rate in a horse trailer during road transport SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE animal transport; tracer gas; ventilation ID RESPONSES; STRESS; PATHOLOGY; DESIGN AB Horses traveling by road commonly experience heat stress conditions and poor air quality, which may be caused by insufficient ventilation; however, there are few estimates of air exchange in a horse trailer during transport. Air exchange rate was measured at ten locations within a four-horse trailer (internal volume 18.5 m(3)) using tracer gas decay measurement to assess the adequacy of ventilation. Three vehicle speeds (13, 48, and 97 km h(-1)) and three window configurations (all windows and roof vents closed, all windows open, all windows open and roof vents open forward) were tested with and without animals present in the trailer. External air temperature ranged from 22.3 degrees C to 28.3 degrees C with an average of 25.3 degrees C, and internal air temperature ranged from 29.9 degrees C to 34.8 degrees C with an average of 31.3 degrees C with animals present. Air exchange rate increased with vehicle speed and open window and vent area. The average air exchange rate over all vehicle speeds and ventilation configurations was 0.52 min(-1) with animals present and 0.76 min(-1) without animals. Without animals present, the maximum mean exchange rate was 1.42 min(-1) at 97 km h(-1) at the rear left window with all windows and vents open; the lowest mean exchange rate was 0.12 min(-1) at 13 km h(-1) with all windows and vents closed at the lower position of the rearmost stall divider. With animals present, the maximum air exchange rate observed was 0.84 min(-1) with all windows and vents open and traveling at 97 km h(-1). Ventilation in the trailer was not adequate when compared to recommendations for stabled horses for any combination of vehicle speed or ventilation configuration. Increasing open vent area, either by increasing the number and size of roof vents or the size of windows in the sidewall, would be the most cost-effective means of increasing air exchange in a horse trailer. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. Univ Kentucky, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dept, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Anim Sci Dept, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY USA. RP Purswell, JL (reprint author), POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jpurswell@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200021 ER EF