FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Maddur, AA Liu, X Zhu, YC Fellers, JP Oppert, B Park, Y Bai, J Wilde, GE Chen, MS AF Maddur, A. A. Liu, X. Zhu, Y. C. Fellers, J. P. Oppert, B. Park, Y. Bai, J. Wilde, G. E. Chen, M. -S. TI Cloning and characterization of protease inhibitor-like cDNAs from the Hessian fly mayetiola destructor (SAY) SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protease inhibitors; wheat; Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor ID ASCARIS TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; APOPTOSIS PROTEIN; SALIVARY-GLANDS; REACTIVE-SITE; BOMBYX-MORI; HEMOLYMPH; PURIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Analysis of transcriptomes from the salivary glands and midgut of Hessian fly larvae Mayetiola destructor (say) identified a set of diverse cDNAs that encode proteins with a relatively high percentage (over 10%) of cysteinyl residues. Structural comparison of these putative proteins with known sequences in GENBANK revealed that the positions of the cysteinyl residues in the identified proteins were highly conserved within a family of proteinase inhibitors despite very little overall sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis sorted this set of cDNAs into five different groups. To determine if these cDNAs indeed encode proteinase inhibitors, recombinant proteins were generated with two cDNAs from two different groups. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant proteins against commercial and insect gut proteinases demonstrated that the recombinant proteins are strong proteinase inhibitors with different specificities. Northern blot and real-time PCR analysis revealed that the different genes were expressed at different developmental stages and in different tissues. The overall results indicated that M. destructor contains a complex of genes that code for proteinase inhibitors which may regulate proteinase activities in different regulatory pathways. The GENBANK accession numbers for the cDNAs in this paper were DQ232690 to DQ232718. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, GMPRC, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Biol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, GMPRC, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mchen@ksu.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 485 EP 496 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00660.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 069ND UT WOS:000239453700010 PM 16907835 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Buick, R Elliott, CT AF Friedman, Mendel Buick, Robert Elliott, Christopher T. TI Antimicrobial activities of plant compounds against antibiotic-resistant Micrococcus luteus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Letter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; BACILLUS-CEREUS; ESSENTIAL OILS C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD AUG PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 156 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.05.023 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 082FT UT WOS:000240372800016 PM 16844351 ER PT J AU Whiting, RC Rainosek, A Buchanan, RL Miliotis, M LaBarre, D Long, W Ruple, A Schaub, S AF Whiting, R. C. Rainosek, A. Buchanan, R. L. Miliotis, M. LaBarre, D. Long, W. Ruple, A. Schaub, S. TI Determining the microbiological criteria for lot rejection from the performance objective or food safety objective SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE risk analysis; risk assessment; attribute testing AB The Microbiological Criteria (MC) is a set of parameters used to determine whether a specific lot of food is acceptable or not. These parameters are the microbial test protocol and its sensitivity, the confidence level that an unacceptable lot will be detected, the number of samples to be taken and the number of positive samples that are allowed before rejecting the lot. Determining the microbiological criteria begins with knowledge of the distribution of contamination from samples within a lot, particularly within a lot that is just at the unacceptable level of the microbial hazard. The just unacceptable lot can be defined by the Food Safety Objective (FSO) or Performance Objectives (PO), the small fraction of samples that can exceed these values and the standard deviation of the samples from the lot. With this information, a microbial test protocol is chosen to have a sensitivity level that would detect between approximately 15% and 45% of the samples. A confidence level for the MC and the number of positive samples that would be acceptable (c value which is usually zero) are also chosen. With this information the number of samples (n) required can be calculated. A critical factor in setting the microbiological criteria is the sensitivity of the microbiological test (m value). The sample size (weight) and sampling procedure can affect the standard deviation of the samples, particularly foods with non-homogeneous distribution and low numbers of microorganisms. Sampling, sample preparation and analytical procedures that reduce the variation between the samples will affect the choice of m value and maximum lot mean that meets the MC. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Math & Stat, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20520 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM chard.whiting@fda.hhs.gov NR 9 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.038 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 076DE UT WOS:000239936400009 PM 16784791 ER PT J AU Collins, JK Davis, AR Adams, A Manness, N Perkins-Veazie, PM AF Collins, Julie K. Davis, Angela R. Adams, Arin Manness, Niels Perkins-Veazie, Penelope M. TI Consumer acceptability of low-sugar watermelon sweetened with non-calorie sweetener by a Native American community SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE low sugar; glycemic index; lycopene; watermelon ID GLYCEMIC INDEX; DIABETES-MELLITUS; VEGETABLE INTAKE; HEART-DISEASE; RISK; LYCOPENE; DIETARY; CANCER; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ASSOCIATION AB Watermelons are a good source of lycopene, a carotenoid that exhibits antioxidant activity and may protect against some cancers. However, intake of watermelon may be restricted for individuals who have diabetes or those who limit carbohydrate intake. A low-sugar watermelon was developed at Lane, Oklahoma using traditional plant breeding techniques. The objective of this study was to determine whether the artificially sweetened low-sugar watermelon was acceptable with Native Americans, a group with a high incidence of diabetes. The red flesh from a low-sugar watermelon and a commercial variety of watermelon was removed and cut into cubes. Low and high levels of artificial sweetener were added to the low-sugar watermelon. Students at a Native American school (Grades 1-12) and adults at a Native American Feeding Center were asked to rate how much they liked or disliked the watermelon using a seven-point hedonic scale. Sugar composition, pH, lycopene and other carotenoids were analyzed from samples using established methods. The pH, lycopene, beta-carotene and total carotenoid levels were similar among fruit. Artificially sweetened fruit were rated slightly more acceptable in taste than the commercial control watermelons by both age groups. The low-sugar watermelons were lower in sugar composition but were comparable with conventional melons in all other quality factors and were found acceptable in taste by a broad age group of Native American consumers. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Choctaw Nat Hlth Care, Talihina, OK USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Collins, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM jcollins-usda@lane-ag.org NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0963-7486 J9 INT J FOOD SCI NUTR JI Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 57 IS 5-6 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1080/09637480600807628 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 122CW UT WOS:000243204300008 PM 17135026 ER PT J AU Zetterberg, M Zhang, XY Taylor, A Liu, BF Liang, JJ Shang, F AF Zetterberg, Madeleine Zhang, Xinyu Taylor, Allen Liu, Bingfen Liang, Jack J. Shang, Fu TI Glutathiolation enhances the degradation of gamma C-crystallin in lens and reticulocyte lysates, partially via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-DISULFIDE FORMATION; CATARACTOUS HUMAN LENSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; CONJUGATING ENZYMES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SULFHYDRYL-GROUPS; REDOX REGULATION; B-CRYSTALLINS; ALPHA AB PURPOSE. S-glutathiolated proteins are formed in the lens during aging and cataractogenesis. The objective of this work was to explore the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in eliminating S-glutathiolated gamma C-crystallin. METHODS. Recombinant human gamma C-crystallin was mixed with various concentrations of glutathione ( GSH) and diamide at 25 degrees C for 1 hour. The extent of glutathiolation of the gamma C-crystallin was determined by mass spectrometry. Native and S-glutathiolated gamma C-crystallins were labeled with I-125, and proteolytic degradation was determined using both lens fiber lysate and reticulocyte lysate as sources of ubiquitinating and proteolytic enzymes. Far UV circular dichroism, tryptophan fluorescence intensity, and binding to the hydrophobic fluorescence probe 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthalene-5,5'-disulfonic acid (Bis-ANS), were used to characterize the native and glutathiolated gamma C-crystallins. RESULTS. On average, two and five of the eight cysteines in gamma C-crystallin were glutathiolated when molar ratios of gamma C-crystallin-GSH- diamide were 1: 2: 5 and 1: 10: 25, respectively. Native gamma C-crystallin was resistant to degradation in both lens fiber lysate and reticulocyte lysate. However, glutathiolated gamma C-crystallin showed a significant increase in proteolytic degradation in both lens fiber and reticulocyte lysates. Proteolysis was stimulated by addition of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) and Ubc4 and was substantially inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and a dominant negative form of ubiquitin, indicating that at least part of the proteolysis was mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Spectroscopic analyses of glutathiolated gamma C-crystallin revealed conformational changes and partial unfolding, which may provide a signal for the ubiquitin- dependent degradation. CONCLUSIONS. The present data demonstrate that oxidative modification by glutathiolation can render lens proteins more susceptible to degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Together with previous results, these data support the concept that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway serves as a general protein quality-control mechanism. C1 Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Ophthalmol, Inst Clin Neurosci, Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY011717-07, R01 EY011717-08, EY13968, EY13250, EY11717, R01 EY011717, R29 EY011717, R03 EY014183, R01 EY013968, R01 EY013250, R01 EY011717-09] NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 8 BP 3467 EP 3473 DI 10.1167/iovs.05-1664 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 069JC UT WOS:000239441200034 PM 16877417 ER PT J AU Sheaffer, CC Halgerson, JL Jung, HG AF Sheaffer, C. C. Halgerson, J. L. Jung, H. G. TI Hybrid and N fertilization affect corn silage yield and quality SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brown midrib hybrids; Corn (Zea mays L; green chop nutritive value; silage nutritive value ID DAIRY-COWS; NITROGEN; GRAIN AB We determined the effect of N fertilization on dry matter (DM) yield, predicted milk yield, and forage quality of fresh (green chopped) and ensiled forage of two brown midrib (BMR) hybrids, a leafy hybrid, and a conventional silage hybrid. Increasing N rates from 0 to 200 kg ha(-1) increased corn grain, stover and whole plant DM yield and milk yield. The forage yield and quality response to N was similar for all hybrids. Nitrogen fertilization increased forage crude protein (CP) concentration but had little effect on other forage quality components. BMR hybrids, F377 and F657, had the lowest grain, stover and whole plant yield but had the highest digestibility and predicted milk yield Mg-1 of forage. Predicted milk yield ha(-1) was similar for the BMR, leafy and conventional hybrids. Ensiling reduced starch concentration compared with green chopped forage, but effects on other forage quality variables were less consistent. Hybrid and N fertilization affects were similar for green chopped and ensiled corn forage. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sheaffer, CC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sheaf001@umn.edu NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 192 IS 4 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00210.x PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 064VN UT WOS:000239118000005 ER PT J AU Troen, AM Shukitt-Hale, B Chao, WH Albuquerque, B Smith, DE Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Troen, Aron M. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Chao, Wei-Hsun Albuquerque, Bina Smith, Donald E. Selhub, Jacob Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI The cognitive impact of nutritional homocysteinemia in Apolipoprotein-E deficient mice SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ApoE; folate; homocysteine; methionine; nutrition; behavior; cognition; model; dementia; neurodegeneration ID E KNOCKOUT MICE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; MORRIS WATER MAZE; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; MEMORY DEFICITS; INDUCED HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; CHOLINERGIC IMPAIRMENTS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE AB Homocysteinemia is associated with cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ranging from subtle cognitive decline to dementia. Homocysteine is generated from methionine as a product of biological methylation reactions and is disposed of through reactions that require folate and vitamins B12 and B6. While different disruptions in these reactions can result in homocysteinemia, it is unclear if they will also result in homocysteine-mediated cognitive dysfunction. Young ApoE-deficient mice were fed one of four diets with differing methionine and B-vitamin content for eight weeks, before undergoing psychomotor tests, the Morris Water Maze test of spatial memory and learning, and measurement of home-cage activity. B-vitamin deficiency induced homocysteinemia and selectively impaired Morris Water Maze performance without affecting other behavioral measures. The cognitive deficits occurred in the absence of overt histologic neurodegeneration but in association with moderate impairments of brain methylation potential. Diets that yielded cognitive deficits were different from those that exacerbated aortic pathology. These findings are inconsistent with a single mechanism linking homocysteinemia to neurological dysfunctions mediated by homocysteine vasotoxicity. Instead, they indicate that different "types" of homocysteinemia, or in other words different impairments of nutritional metabolism affecting homocysteine levels, may lead to different end organ dysfunctions and/or diseases. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Troen, AM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aron.troen@tufts.edu NR 80 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 381 EP 392 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 097JZ UT WOS:000241444800003 PM 16917146 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD Cundiff, LV Bennett, GL AF Snowder, G. D. Van Vleck, L. D. Cundiff, L. V. Bennett, G. L. TI Bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle: Environmental, genetic, and economic factors SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; breed; disease resistance; growth; heritability; shipping fever ID PRODUCER-RECORDED DATA; BEEF-CATTLE; COMPOSITE POPULATIONS; MANNHEIMIA-HAEMOLYTICA; ADVANCED GENERATIONS; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; RETAINED HETEROSIS; NASAL SECRETIONS; CARCASS TRAITS; TRACT DISEASE AB The objective of this study was to characterize genetic, environmental, and economic factors related to the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot calves. Records from 18,112 calves representing 9 breeds (Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Simmental) and 3 composite types (MARC I, MARC II, and MARC III) over a 15-yr period (1987 to 2001) were evaluated. Disease incidence was observed and recorded by station veterinary and technical staff. The incidence of BRD varied across years, with the annual observed incidence ranging from 5 to 44%. From 1987 to 1992, the annual average incidence generally exceeded 20%. However, in later years the annual incidence did not exceed 14%. The epidemiological pattern indicated that BRD infection increased dramatically after 5 d on feed and remained high until approximately 80 d on feed. Previous BRD infection during the preweaning period did not influence subsequent BRD infection in the feedlot. Steers were more likely to become sick with BRD than heifers; castration before entry in the feedlot may be a predisposing cause. Few significant differences among breeds were detected for BRD incidence. Adjusted solutions from mixed model analyses indicated that Herefords were generally more susceptible to BRD infection (P < 0.05) than MARC I and III composite types. Composite breed types had similar susceptibility compared with other purebred breeds. Mortality associated with BRD was greatest in Red Poll calves (9%) compared with the average over all breeds (4%). Estimates of heritability for resistance to BRD ranged from 0.04 to 0.08 +/- 0.01. When the observed heritability was transformed to an underlying continuous scale, the estimate increased to 0.18. Selection for resistance to BRD could be effective if phenotypes for BRD resistance were known. Thus, development of an inexpensive and humane method of challenging animals with BRD to determine resistance would be an important step in reducing the incidence of BRD. This study also demonstrated that producer-collected field data could be used for selection against this disease. The economic loss associated with lower gains and treatment costs for BRD infection in a 1,000-cattle feedlot was estimated as $13.90 per animal, not including labor and associated handling costs. C1 USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM snowder@email.marc.usda.gov NR 39 TC 136 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1999 EP 2008 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-046 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 069KK UT WOS:000239444700002 PM 16864858 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Vonnahme, KA Green, JA Ford, SP AF Echternkamp, S. E. Vonnahme, K. A. Green, J. A. Ford, S. P. TI Increased vascular endothelial growth factor and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, but not insulin-like growth factor-I, in maternal blood of cows gestating twin fetuses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood; cattle; gestation; pregnancy-associated glycoprotein; twin; vascular endothelial growth factor ID SOMATOTROPIC AXIS; EXPRESSION; UTERINE; CATTLE; SERUM; ANGIOGENESIS; OVULATIONS; PLACENTA; HORMONE; HEIFERS AB Differences in placental mass and vascularity exist between cows gestating single vs. multiple fetuses. Therefore, the association between fetal number and placental development or function was assessed by comparing concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG), IGF-I, and progesterone in the maternal blood of cattle selected for twin births and gestating 1 (n = 23) vs. 2 (n = 17) fetuses. Samples of jugular venous blood were collected serially at a mean of 57, 121, 192, and 234 d (range within groups was 20 d) after AI. Plasma concentrations of VEGF, IGF-I, and progesterone were measured by double-antibody RIA, and of PAG by an indirect sandwich ELISA. Concentrations of VEGF and progesterone were greater (P < 0.05) in dams with twin vs. single fetuses. Maternal VEGF concentrations did not differ among collection times, but progesterone concentrations increased (P < 0.01) between d 192 and 234. Conversely, PAG concentrations were low at d 57 and 121 and did not differ between dams carrying singles or twins. However, the subsequent increase (P < 0.01) in PAG was greater in dams with twins, resulting in greater (P < 0.01) PAG concentrations for dams with twins at d 192 and 234 (type of birth x time; P < 0.01). Maternal IGF-I concentrations were unaffected by fetal number. Because corpora lutea persisted for the duration of the evaluation period, maternal progesterone concentrations were likely related to the number of corpora lutea rather than the number of fetuses. It is postulated that the greater PAG and VEGF concentrations in the blood of dams gestating twins are the result of a larger uteroplacental mass, including increased numbers of binucleate cells and increased angiogenesis and vasculogenesis associated with a twin pregnancy. Although PAG and VEGF were elevated in dams gestating twins, variability within and among birth groups limits the use of PAG or VEGF measurements for the diagnosis of twins. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Echternkamp, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM echternkamp@email.marc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 8 BP 2057 EP 2064 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-714 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 069KK UT WOS:000239444700009 PM 16864865 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR AF Guthrie, H. D. Welch, G. R. TI Determination of intracellular reactive oxygen species and high mitochondrial membrane potential in Percoll-treated viable boar sperm using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 5,5 ',6,6 '-tetrachloro-1,1 ',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide; cryopreservation; flow cytometry; hydroethidine; motility ID HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT; ACROSOMAL INTEGRITY; BOVINE SPERMATOZOA; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; LIQUID STORAGE; VIABILITY; MOTILITY AB The use of frozen semen in the swine industry is limited by problems with viability and fertility compared with liquid semen. Part of the reduction in sperm motility and fertility associated with cryopreservation may be due to oxidative damage from excessive or inappropriate formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chemiluminescence measurements of ROS are not possible in live cells and are problematic because of poor specificity. An alternative approach, flow cytometry, was developed to identify viable boar sperm containing ROS utilizing the dyes hydroethidine and 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate as oxidizable substrates and impermeant DNA dyes to exclude dead sperm. The percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial transmembrane potential was determined by flow cytometry using the mitochondrial probe 5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylearbocyanine iodide with propidium iodide staining to exclude nonviable cells. Sperm were incubated with and without ROS generators and free radical scavengers. Basal ROS formation was low (less than 4%) and did not differ (P = 0.26) between viable fresh and frozen-thawed boar sperm. In addition, fresh and frozen-thawed viable sperm were equally susceptible (P = 0.20) to intracellular formation of ROS produced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase (94.4 and 87.9% of sperm, respectively). Menadione increased (P < 0.05) ROS formation, decreased (P < 0.05) JC-1-aggregate fluorescence intensity, and decreased (P < 0.05) motion variables by 25 to 60%. The mechanism of inhibition of motility by ROS formation may be related to a decrease in mitochondrial charge potential below a critical threshold. Catalase and superoxide dismutase treatment in the presence of xanthine/xanthine oxidase indicated that hydrogen peroxide was the primary intracellular ROS measured. Further, catalase, but not superoxide dismutase, was capable of attenuating ROS-induced inhibition of motility. Whereas basal intracellular hydrogen peroxide formation was low in viable fresh and frozen-thawed boar sperm, both were quite susceptible to external sources of hydrogen peroxide. C1 USDA, ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dave@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 44 TC 116 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 8 BP 2089 EP 2100 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-766 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 069KK UT WOS:000239444700013 PM 16864869 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Nienaber, JA Brown-Brandl, T AF Freetly, H. C. Nienaber, J. A. Brown-Brandl, T. TI Partitioning of energy during lactation of primiparous beef cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cow; energy; heat production ID MILK-PRODUCTION; MAINTENANCE; EFFICIENCY; WEIGHT; CATTLE; BIRTH AB For a beef cow to continue in an annual production cycle, she must rebreed within 3 mo after calving. Malnutrition during this period frequently results in failure of the cow to become pregnant. The energetic needs of the cow are increased by lactation, and additional energy is required for growth of the primiparous cow. Determining energy expenditures during the first 40 to 60 d postpartum is critical to developing feed programs that will allow cows to become pregnant with a second calf. Sixty-seven balance trials were conducted on 25 MARC III cows (4-breed composite: (1)/(4) Hereford, (1)/(4) Angus, (1)/(4) Red Poll, and (1)/(4) Pinzgauer) that were between 3 and 53 d in milk. Cows' BW were 481 +/- 4 kg. Metabolizable energy intake ranged from 14.8 to 28.9 Mcal/d. Milk yields ranged from 4.7 to 13.3 kg/d. Recovered energy (RE) increased linearly with increased ME intake. Forty-seven observations were obtained with cows in negative tissue energy (TE) balance, and 20 observations were obtained with cows in positive TE balance. Estimated zero RE from regression analysis of RE on ME intake was 146 kcal of ME/kg of BW0.75. Efficiency of conversion of ME to lactation energy (LE) was 72%. The efficiency for conversion of ME to TE and the conversion of TE to LE was 78%. Our findings suggest that, even though their milk production is lower, the overall efficiency of energy retention in young beef cows is similar to that of dairy cows. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM freetly@email.marc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 8 BP 2157 EP 2162 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-534 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 069KK UT WOS:000239444700021 PM 16864877 ER PT J AU Guzik, AC Matthews, JO Kerr, BJ Bidner, TD Southern, LL AF Guzik, A. C. Matthews, J. O. Kerr, B. J. Bidner, T. D. Southern, L. L. TI Dietary tryptophan effects on plasma and salivary cortisol and meat quality in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cortisol; meat quality; swine; tryptophan ID GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; NEUROTRANSMITTER CONCENTRATIONS; SUPPLEMENTAL TRYPTOPHAN; HYPOTHALAMIC SEROTONIN; BEHAVIORAL TYPE; PORK QUALITY; AMINO-ACIDS; YOUNG-PIGS; STRESS; PROTEIN AB Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplemental Trp on meat quality, plasma and salivary cortisol, and plasma lactate. Experiment 1 was a preliminary study to measure plasma cortisol concentrations in 4 barrows (50 kg of BW) that were snared for 30 s at time 0 min. Pigs were bled at -60, -30, -15, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Plasma cortisol was near maximum 10 min after the pigs were snared. In Exp. 2, 20 barrows (50 kg of BW) were allotted to a basal corn-soybean meal diet or the basal diet with 0.5% supplemental L-Trp for 5 d. After the 5-d feeding period, pigs were snared for 30 s and bled at -10, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after snaring. Pigs fed the diet with supplemental Trp had a lower (P < 0.01) mean plasma cortisol than pigs fed the basal diet. Plasma lactate also was decreased (P < 0.07) by supplemental Trp. In Exp. 3, the same pigs and treatments were used as in Exp. 2, but 5 pigs were snared and 15 pigs adjacent to those being snared were bled to determine if pigs are stressed when they are adjacent to pigs being snared. For pigs adjacent to snared pigs, the area under the curve (P < 0.06) and mean for plasma cortisol was lower (P < 0.01) in pigs fed Trp relative to those fed the basal diet. In Exp. 4, 90 barrows (initial BW of 106 kg) were allotted to 6 treatments in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. Three diets with Trp (basal diet, basal supplemented with 0.5% Trp for 5 d, or pigs fed the basal diet with a 0.1 g/kg of BW Trp bolus given 2 h before slaughter) were combined with 2 handling methods (minimal and normal handling). Dressing percent, 24-h pH, and 24-h temperature were reduced in the minimally handled pigs (P < 0.10) compared with the normally handled pigs. Pigs fed Trp in the diet relative to those fed the basal diet had increased 45-min temperature, Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values, and drip and total losses (P < 0.10). Tryptophan in bolus form decreased 45-min pH in the minimally handled pigs but increased 45-min pH in the normally handled pigs (handling x Trp bolus interaction, P = 0.08). Tryptophan in the diet increased CIE lightness (L*) in minimally handled pigs but decreased CIE L* in the normally handled pigs (handling x Trp diet interaction, P = 06). No other response variables were affected by handling method or Trp. Results indicate that Trp decreases plasma cortisol but has no positive effect on meat quality. C1 USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Premium Stand Farms, Kansas City, MO 64105 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kerr@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 8 BP 2251 EP 2259 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-292 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 069KK UT WOS:000239444700031 PM 16864887 ER PT J AU Mudur, SV Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Mudur, Sanjay V. Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Sporminarins A and B: Antifungal metabolites from a fungicolous isolate of Sporormiella minimoides SO JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS LA English DT Article DE sporminarins; antifungal; Sporormiella minimoides ID POLYKETIDE; ANALOGS; ACID AB Cultures of a fungicolous isolate of Sporormiella minimoides afforded two new polyketide metabolites which we have named sporminarins A (1) and B (2). The planar structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by analysis of NMR and MS data, and by chemical methods. 1 exhibited significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin & Crop Bioprotect Res Units, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 60600] NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU JAPAN ANTIBIOTICS RESEARCH ASSOC PI TOKYO PA 2 20 8 KAMIOSAKI SHINAGAWA KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0021-8820 J9 J ANTIBIOT JI J. Antibiot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 59 IS 8 BP 500 EP 506 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 084GF UT WOS:000240519800009 PM 17080687 ER PT J AU Poole, TL McReynolds, JL Edrington, TS Byrd, JA Callaway, TR Nisbet, DJ AF Poole, T. L. McReynolds, J. L. Edrington, T. S. Byrd, J. A. Callaway, T. R. Nisbet, D. J. TI Effect of flavophospholipol on conjugation frequency between Escherichia coli donor and recipient pairs in vitro and in the chicken gastrointestinal tract SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE horizontal gene transfer; microbial drug resistance; growth promotion ID MULTIPLE-DRUG RESISTANCE; ENTEROCOCCI; INTEGRONS; ELEMENTS; TN21 AB Objectives: To examine the ability of flavophospholipol to inhibit bacterial conjugation between Escherichia coli donor and recipient pairs in vitro and in day-of-hatch chickens. Methods: In vitro donor cultures were incubated in the presence of 0, 2,4,8,16,32 and 64 mg/L flavophospholipol during primary overnight mono-cultures only, secondary conjugation cultures only, or throughout primary and secondary cultures. Transconjugants were selected using oxytetracycline and nalidixic acid. Treatment groups A-G (n = 20) of day-of-hatch broiler chickens received 0, 29 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 g/ton flavophospholipol, respectively, in their feed throughout the experiment. On day 4, all treatment groups were given 0.25 mL of donor and recipient E. coli at 7.0 and 9.0 log(10) cfu/mL, respectively. On day 10, the birds were euthanized and the caecal contents were cultured on selective medium (oxytetracycline and nalidixic acid). Results: A dose-dependent reduction in transconjugant populations was observed in vitro when flavophospholipol was present in the secondary conjugation culture. The susceptibility profiles of transconjugants obtained from in vitro studies were identical to the predicted profile of the donor and recipient combination. There was no significant difference (P >= 0.05) in the number of transconjugants isolated from chickens among any of the flavophospholipol treatment groups when compared with the controls. The susceptibility profiles of chicken transconjugants suggested acquisition of naturally occurring plasmids. Conclusions: Flavophospholipol strongly inhibited conjugation in vitro, but did not prevent recipient E. coli from acquiring resistance determinants in vivo. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Poole, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM poole@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 58 IS 2 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1093/jac/dkl249 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 074VU UT WOS:000239840700018 PM 16847028 ER PT J AU Van Berkum, P Elia, P Eardy, BD AF Van Berkum, Peter Elia, Patrick Eardy, Bertrand D. TI Multilocus sequence typing as an approach for population analysis of Medicago-nodulating rhizobia SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SOYBEAN BRADYRHIZOBIA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SOILS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; BACTERIA; STRAINS AB Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a sequence-based method to characterize bacterial genomes, was used to examine the genetic structure in a large collection of Medicago-nodulating rhizobial strains. This is the first study where MLST has been applied in conjunction with eBURST analysis to determine the population genetic structure of nonpathogenic bacteria recovered from the soil environment. Sequence variation was determined in 10 chromosomal loci of 231 strains that predominantly originated from southwest Asia. Genetic diversity for each locus ranged from 0.351 to 0.819, and the strains examined were allocated to 91 different allelic profiles or sequence types (STs). The genus Medicago is nodulated by at least two groups of rhizobia with divergent chromosomes that have been classified as Sinorhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium medicae. Evidence was obtained that the degree of genetic exchange among the chromosomes across these groups is limited. The symbiosis with Medicago polymorpha of nine strains placed in one of these groups, previously identified as S. medicae, ranged from ineffective to fully effective, indicating that there was no strong relationship between symbiotic phenotype and chromosomal genotype. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Berks Coll, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RP Van Berkum, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, HH-4,Bldg 010,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pberkum@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 188 IS 15 BP 5570 EP 5577 DI 10.1128/JB.00335-06 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 068IH UT WOS:000239366400026 PM 16855247 ER PT J AU Williams, CR Ritchie, SA Russell, RC Eiras, AE Kline, DL Geier, M AF Williams, Craig R. Ritchie, Scott A. Russell, Richard C. Eiras, Alvaro E. Kline, Daniel L. Geier, Martin TI Geographic variation in attraction to human odor compounds by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae): A laboratory study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; ammonia; caproic acid; host-seeking; lactic acid; y-olfactometer ID L-LACTIC ACID; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES; HOSTS AB Previous investigations of Aedes aegypti response to human odor components have revealed a number of compounds that attract host-seeking females. However, such studies have utilized only a small number of long-term laboratory Ae. aegypti colonies. Using laboratory y-olfactometers, we studied the attraction of four different Ae. aegypti populations (North Queensland, Australia; Florida, USA; Singapore; and Minas Gerais, Brazil) to a key attractant compound from human skin, lactic acid. Combinations of lactic acid with ammonia and a fatty acid (caproic acid) were also investigated. The aims were to determine the extent of variation in lactic acid dose response among populations and to see whether all four populations responded equally to combinations of human odor components. Although all Ae. aegypti populations were attracted to lactic acid, there were differences in the threshold dose: Florida 0.03 mu g/min, Singapore 0.17 mu g/min, North Queensland 1.92 mu g/min, and Brazil 10.27 mu g/min. Attraction to lactic acid alone (maximum < 40%) was significantly lower than for human odor (> 87% for all populations). Significant increases in attraction were observed when lactic acid was combined with ammonia or caproic acid, although not for all populations. In addition, the highest doses of caproic acid tested decreased attraction when combined with lactic acid. The divergent responses to host kairomones seen here may be evidence of adaptation to locally available hosts in different parts of the geographic range of Ae. aegypti. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. Queensland Hlth, Trop Publ Hlth Unit, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. Univ Sydney, Westmead Hosp, Dept Med Entomol, ICPMR, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Parasitol, BR-30000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Zool, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, POB 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. EM craig.williams1@jcu.edu.au RI Williams, Craig/A-1617-2011 OI Williams, Craig/0000-0002-4758-1506 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1625 EP 1634 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9097-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073DD UT WOS:000239722000003 PM 16868835 ER PT J AU Robbins, PS Zhang, AJ Averill, AL Linn, CE Roelofs, WL Sylvia, MM Villani, MG AF Robbins, Paul S. Zhang, Aijun Averill, Anne L. Linn, Charles E., Jr. Roelofs, Wendell L. Sylvia, Martha M. Villani, Michael G. TI Sex pheromone of the cranberry root grub Lichnanthe vulpina SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE (Z)-7-hexadecenol; (Z)-7-hexadecenal; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; electroantennogram; scarab beetle; glaphyridae ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HOPLIA-EQUINA; IDENTIFICATION; COLEOPTERA; SCARABAEIDAE; BEETLE AB The cranberry root grub Lichnanthe vulpina (Hentz) (Coleoptera: Glaphyridae) is a pest of cranberries in Massachusetts, reducing yield and vine density. (Z)-7-Hexadecenol and (Z)-7-hexadecenal were identified from the female effluvia collection by gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The double-bond position was confirmed by dimethyl disulfide derivatization. Both compounds were tested in the field, each alone and as blends of the two. Each compound alone captured males; however, (Z)-7-hexadecenol alone captured significantly more males than did (Z)-7-hexadecenal alone. The addition of varying amounts of (Z)-7-hexadecenal to (Z)-7-hexadecenol did not statistically affect male capture. Flight activity of the cranberry root grub may be monitored with traps baited with rubber septa containing 300 mu g of (Z)-7-hexadecenol. A test of trap vane colors indicated that traps with green or black vanes maximized target male catch while minimizing nontarget catch of important cranberry pollinators. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Cranberry Expt Stn, E Wareham, MA 02538 USA. RP Robbins, PS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM psr1@cornell.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1663 EP 1672 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9100-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073DD UT WOS:000239722000006 PM 16865533 ER PT J AU Cardoza, YJ Tumlinson, JH AF Cardoza, Yasmin J. Tumlinson, James H. TI Compatible and incompatible Xanthomonas infections differentially affect herbivore-induced volatile emission by pepper plants SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pepper; volatiles; methyl salicylate; insect feeding; beet armyworm; bacterial infection; induced defense ID LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; INDUCED RESISTANCE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; SIGNAL INTERACTIONS; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; FUNGAL-INFECTION AB Recent studies have alerted us to the potential for conflicts between pathogen- and herbivore-induced plant defenses. The lack of studies on the induced chemical changes that simultaneous insect and pathogen attacks have on the host plant has become apparent. In the present study, we found that pepper plant volatile profiles can be differentially induced by compatible and incompatible bacterial infection and beet armyworm (BAW) damage when applied alone or in combination upon the same host. We also found that plants under simultaneous compatible bacterial and BAW attack are able to produce volatiles in quantities greater than those produced by healthy plants in response to BAW feeding. In contrast, plants exposed to the incompatible pathogen challenge showed a total volatile release below the level of healthy plants exposed to BAW damage. This suppression of BAW-induced volatiles coincided with increased methyl salicylate production from incompatible bacteria-infected plants. Feeding choice experiments revealed that, when given a choice, BAW larvae fed significantly more on leaves of plants infected with the incompatible bacteria as soon as 2 d after inoculation, while a significant increase in insect feeding on the plants infected with the compatible bacterial strain was not seen until day 4 after inoculation. Additionally, survival for third instars to pupation was significantly higher when feeding on infected plants than on healthy plants, regardless of compatibility. These results are indicative of lowered herbivore defenses due to disease progression on the plants. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Chem Ecol Lab 111, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Cardoza, YJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cardoza@entomology.wisc.edu; jht2@psu.edu RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1755 EP 1768 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9107-y PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073DD UT WOS:000239722000013 PM 16900430 ER PT J AU Bar-Meir, M Sutton, DA Wickes, B Kurtzman, CP Goldman, S Zheng, XT AF Bar-Meir, Maskit Sutton, Deanna A. Wickes, Brian Kurtzman, Cletus P. Goldman, Stewart Zheng, Xiaotian TI Catheter-related fungemia due to Candida thermophila SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS AB We report a case of bloodstream infection caused by Candida thermophila, a yeast not previously associated with human disease. The infection occurred in a 13-year-old boy with medulloblastoma who presented with 1 day of fever. Multiple blood cultures were positive for yeast. Removal of the catheter resulted in prompt resolution of the fever and sterilization of the blood cultures. The species was identified by sequencing domains 1 and 2 of the large subunit rRNA gene. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also performed. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Zheng, XT (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, 2300 Childrens Plaza,Box 53, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM x-zheng@northwestern.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 3035 EP 3036 DI 10.1128/JCM.00620-06 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800060 PM 16891536 ER PT J AU Bowers, S Gandy, S Graves, K Eicher, S Willard, S AF Bowers, Susan Gandy, Scott Graves, Kenneth Eicher, Susan Willard, Scott TI Effects of prepartum milking on postpartum reproduction, udder health and production performance in first-calf dairy heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE prepartum milking; dairy heifers ID ESTROUS-CYCLE; LACTOGENESIS; PARTURITION; MASTITIS; GROWTH; UTERUS; TIME; COWS AB Postpartum production performance of dairy heifers may be enhanced by prepartum milking by alleviating the stress of the periparturient period. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of prepartum milking of dairy heifers on postpartum reproduction, udder health, milk production and other associated production characteristics. Pregnant heifers (Holstein, n=21; Jersey n=10) were assigned to either a prepartum milked (premilked, n=15) or control (n=16) group. Premilked heifers were milked twice daily starting 3 weeks prior to anticipated calving dates, and milk yield recorded at each milking. All heifers were evaluated on days 21, 14 and 7 before calving, and udder oedema scores and milk conductivity readings were recorded. Following calving, measurements were taken twice weekly to assess udder oedema, milk conductivity (indicative of udder infection), and reproductive health, which included palpation for uterine tone and uterine position, vaginal electrical impedance (VEI) and the quantification of cross-sectional area of the uterine horns (uterine difference) by transrectal ultrasonography. Uterine tone, uterine position, uterine difference, and VEI did not differ (P > 0.10) with treatment. Overall, up to week six inclusive, postpartum premilked heifers had lower (P < 0.01) udder oedema scores than control heifers and up to week five inclusive, had lower (P < 0.01) milk conductivity readings (indicative of fewer incidences of udder infections) than control heifers. The premilked heifers of both breeds produced more milk (P < 0.01) at calving and more milk overall from calving to day 60 postpartum than the control heifers. In summary, udder health and milk production were improved post calving in premilked heifers compared with controls. However, no overt differences in reproductive characteristics were observed between the premilked and control heifers. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Willard, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM swillard@ads.msstate.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1017/S0022029906001762 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 076EK UT WOS:000239939600001 PM 16569274 ER PT J AU Kaylegian, KE Houghton, GE Lynch, JM Fleming, JR Barbano, DM AF Kaylegian, K. E. Houghton, G. E. Lynch, J. M. Fleming, J. R. Barbano, D. M. TI Calibration of infrared milk analyzers: Modified milk versus producer milk SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infrared milk analyzer; calibration; modified milk ID PERFORMANCE; REGRESSION AB Mid-infrared ( MIR) milk analyzers are traditionally calibrated using sets of preserved raw individual producer milk samples. The goal of this study was to determine if the use of sets of preserved pasteurized modified milks improved calibration performance of MIR milk analyzers compared with calibration sets of producer milks. The preserved pasteurized modified milk sets exhibited more consistent day-to-day and set-to-set calibration slope and intercept values for all components compared with the preserved raw producer milk calibration sets. Pasteurized modified milk calibration samples achieved smaller confidence interval ( CI) around the regression line ( i.e., calibration uncertainty). Use of modified milk calibration sets with a larger component range, more even distribution of component concentrations within the ranges, and the lower correlation of fat and protein concentrations than producer milk calibration sets produced a smaller 95% CI for the regression line due to the elimination of moderate and high leverage samples. The CI for the producer calibration sets were about 2 to 12 times greater than the CI for the modified milk calibration sets, depending on the component. Modified milk calibration samples have the potential to produce MIR milk analyzer calibrations that will perform better in validation checks than producer milk-based calibrations by reducing the mean difference and standard deviation of the difference between instrument values and reference chemistry. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Kestrel Software Consulting, Berkshire, NY 13736 USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Texas Milk Mkt Area, Carrollton, TX 75011 USA. RP Barbano, DM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dmb37@cornell.edu NR 16 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2817 EP 2832 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 063NN UT WOS:000239026100001 PM 16840598 ER PT J AU Kaylegian, KE Lynch, JM Houghton, GE Fleming, JR Barbano, DM AF Kaylegian, K. E. Lynch, J. M. Houghton, G. E. Fleming, J. R. Barbano, D. M. TI Modified versus producer milk calibration: Mid-infrared analyzer performance validation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infrared milk analysis; validation; calibration ID ETHER EXTRACTION METHODS; KJELDAHL NITROGEN ANALYSIS; TOTAL SOLIDS; FAT-CONTENT; BABCOCK; BIAS AB Our objective was to determine the validation performance of mid-infrared ( MIR) milk analyzers, using the traditional fixed-filter approach, when the instruments were calibrated with producer milk calibration samples vs. modified milk calibration samples. Ten MIR analyzers were calibrated using producer milk calibration sample sets, and 9 MIR milk analyzers were calibrated using modified milk sample sets. Three sets of 12 validation milk samples with all-laboratory mean chemistry reference values were tested during a 3-mo period. Calibration of MIR milk analyzers using modified milk increased the accuracy ( i.e., better agreement with chemistry) and improved agreement between laboratories on validation milk samples compared with MIR analyzers calibrated with producer milk samples. Calibration of MIR analyzers using modified milk samples reduced overall mean Euclidian distance for all components for all 3 validation sets by at least 24% compared with MIR analyzers calibrated with producer milk sets. Calibration with modified milk sets reduced the average Euclidian distance from all-laboratory mean reference chemistry on validation samples by 40, 25, 36, and 27%, respectively for fat, anhydrous lactose, true protein, and total solids. Between-laboratory agreement was evaluated using reproducibility standard deviation ( s(R)). The number of single Grubbs statistical outliers in the validation data was much higher ( 53 vs. 7) for the instruments calibrated with producer milk than for instruments calibrated with modified milk sets. The sR for instruments calibrated with producer milks ( with statistical outliers removed) was similar to data collected in recent proficiency studies, whereas the sR for instruments calibrated with modified milks was lower than those calibrated with producer milks by 46, 52, 61, and 55%, respectively for fat, anhydrous lactose, true protein, and total solids. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Kestrel Software Consulting, Berkshire, NY 13736 USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Texas Milk Mkt Area, Carrollton, TX 75011 USA. RP Barbano, DM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dmb37@cornell.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2833 EP 2845 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 063NN UT WOS:000239026100002 PM 16840599 ER PT J AU Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Baldwin, RL Rice, CP Bialek, K Capuco, AV AF Bannerman, D. D. Paape, M. J. Baldwin, R. L. Rice, C. P. Bialek, K. Capuco, A. V. TI Effect of mastitis on milk perchlorate concentrations in dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; mastitis; milk; perchlorate ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI ENDOTOXIN; SODIUM-IODIDE SYMPORTER; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MAMMARY-GLAND; ACCUMULATION; BLOOD; INHIBITION; HEALTH; ANION; RIVER AB Recent surveys have identified the presence of perchlorate, a natural compound and environmental contaminant, in forages and dairy milk. The ingestion of perchlorate is of concern because of its ability to competitively inhibit iodide uptake by the thyroid and to impair synthesis of thyroid hormones. A recent study established that milk perchlorate concentrations in cattle highly correlate with perchlorate intake. However, there is evidence that up to 80% of dietary perchlorate is metabolized in clinically healthy cows, thereby restricting the available transfer of ingested perchlorate into milk. The influence of mastitis on milk perchlorate levels, where there is an increase in mammary vascular permeability and an influx of blood-derived components into milk, remains unknown. The present study examined the effect of experimentally induced mastitis on milk perchlorate levels in cows receiving normal and perchlorate-supplemented diets. Over a 12-d period, cows were ruminally infused with 1 L/d of water or water containing 8 mg of perchlorate. Five days after the initiation of ruminal infusions, experimental mastitis was induced by the intramammary infusion of 100 mu g of bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( LPS). Contralateral quarters infused with phosphate-buffered saline served as controls. A significant reduction in milk perchlorate concentration was observed in the LPS-challenged glands of animals ruminally infused with either water or perchlorate. In control glands, milk perchlorate concentrations remained constant throughout the study. A strong negative correlation was identified between mammary vascular permeability and milk perchlorate concentrations in LPS-infused glands. These findings, in the context of a recently published study, suggest that an active transport process is operative in the establishment of a perchlorate concentration gradient across the blood-mammary gland interface, and that increases in mammary epithelial and vascular endothelial permeability lead to a net outflow of milk perchlorate. The overall finding that mastitis results in lower milk perchlorate concentrations suggests that changes in udder health do not necessitate increased screening of milk for perchlorate. C1 USDA, ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Environm Management By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barcusda.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 BP 3011 EP 3019 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 063NN UT WOS:000239026100020 PM 16840617 ER PT J AU Eicher, SD Cheng, HW Sorrells, AD Schutz, MM AF Eicher, S. D. Cheng, H. W. Sorrells, A. D. Schutz, M. M. TI Short communication: Behavioral and physiological idicators of sensitivity or chronic pain following tail docking SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chronic pain; sensitivity; tail docking; thermography ID FLY-AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS; RESPONSES; CALVES; HEIFERS AB Docking the tails of dairy cattle causes mild to moderate behavior changes and physiological indicators of acute pain, but no studies have investigated the possibility that tail docking may lead to chronic pain. In human amputees, an incidence of increased limb surface temperature is associated with phantom limb pain, a central nervous system representation that survives peripheral loss. The objectives of this study were to assess indicators of sensitivity or chronic pain in heifers by using behavioral indicators and thermography. We tested 14 Holstein heifers, 7 docked and 7 intact, from a previous neonatal tail-docking experiment. All 14 animals were videotaped during a test sequence of alternating cold (-9 degrees C), hot ( 54 degrees C), and neutral packs applied to the underside of the tail. Packs were placed approximately 30.5 cm from the tail head on all animals. A thermal image of the tail was taken using infrared imagery prior to and after temperature sensitivity testing. Docked heifers tended to have greater changes in surface temperatures following the test sequence than did nondocked heifers. In docked heifers, temperatures on the underside of the tail were higher than those at the tip of the tail, both prior to and following the test sequence. Docked heifers also showed substantially higher stomping activity following application of the cold pack. Shifting increased in intact heifers after application of the hot pack, but shifting of the docked heifers did not change. Greater changes were observed in the tail surface temperatures of the docked heifers following temperature manipulation, similar to human amputees who are experiencing phantom limb pain, indicating that similar mechanisms are present in the stump of the docked tail. The behaviors of docked heifers indicated changes in their sensitivity to heat and cold. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 125 S Russell St,216 Poultry Bld, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM spruiett@purdue.edu NR 13 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 16 U2 57 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 BP 3047 EP 3051 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 063NN UT WOS:000239026100024 PM 16840621 ER PT J AU Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Thornton, LLM Wright, JR Druet, T AF Gengler, N. Wiggans, G. R. Thornton, L. L. M. Wright, J. R. Druet, T. TI Accounting for heterogeneous variances in multitrait evaluation of Jersey type traits SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous variance adjustment; type evaluation ID CANONICAL TRANSFORMATION; (CO)VARIANCE COMPONENTS; ANIMAL-MODELS; DAIRY-CATTLE; MISSING DATA; APPROXIMATION; CONFORMATION; ADJUSTMENT; VALUES AB The multitrait genetic evaluation system for type traits was modified to estimate adjustments for heterogeneous variance (HV) simultaneously with estimated breeding values (EBV) for final score and 14 linear traits. Each variance within herd, year, and parity was regressed toward a predicted variance, which was determined by fitting a model with fixed effects of the mean final score for herd, size of the contemporary group, appraisal month, and year-season and a random effect for herd-appraisal date. Herd-appraisal date was included as a random effect to regress the observed heterogeneity for a given herd-appraisal date toward the fixed effects. Method R was used to estimate variances for the heterogeneity model in each EBV iteration. To evaluate the effect of the adjustment, parent averages were calculated from evaluations with recent appraisals removed. The adjustment slightly improved correlations within birth year between those parent averages and EBV from current data on bulls for most traits, but did not improve correlations for final score, strength, dairy form, teat length, or foot angle. Annual trends for EBV were lower with HV adjustment than for unadjusted EBV for all traits except final score and rump angle for cows and rump width for bulls, which were essentially unchanged. Standard deviations of Mendelian sampling (evaluation minus mean of parent evaluations) declined less over time for HV-adjusted than for unadjusted evaluations. The slope at year 2000 of Mendelian-sampling standard deviations from HV-adjusted evaluations ranged from 10.0% for udder depth to 42.7% for teat length compared with the slope for unadjusted evaluations. This HV adjustment, which was implemented for USDA evaluations in May 2001 for Jerseys and in 2002 for other breeds, improves the accuracy of evaluations, particularly comparisons over time, by accounting for the change in variation. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Fund Sci Res, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Gembloux Agr Univ, Anim Sci Unit, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wiggans@aipl.arsusda.gov OI Gengler, Nicolas/0000-0002-5981-5509 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 BP 3143 EP 3151 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 063NN UT WOS:000239026100034 PM 16840631 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Dematawewa, CMB Pearson, RE Tooker, ME AF VanRaden, P. M. Dematawewa, C. M. B. Pearson, R. E. Tooker, M. E. TI Productive life including all lactations and longer lactations with diminishing credits SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE longevity; productive life; lactation length ID DAIRY-CATTLE; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; CURVES; HOLSTEINS; SURVIVAL; MODEL AB Alternative measures of productive life (PL) were compared, and life expectancy factors were updated to replace estimates from 1993. Alternatives were proposed with extra credits for lactations longer than 10 mo and beyond 84 mo of age and for each calving so that an extremely long lactation would not receive more credits than multiple shorter lactations with dry periods between. Maximum credits per lactation of 10 mo (original PL), 12 mo, and unlimited were compared. The unlimited credits option either included or excluded a calf value equal to 2 mo of production and had credits given for all days either uniformly or based on lactation curves (diminishing credits). Standard lactation curves (first, second, and greater lactations) were estimated based on the test-day yields of Holstein cows remaining in lactation from a set of 903,579 lactation records. For the diminishing credits alternative, credit for a given day of a parity was derived using the predicted yield of the day proportional to the average daily yield of the first 305 d of second parity. Daily yields were deviations from a baseline of 13.62 kg. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated by multitrait REML for alternative measures of PL, for longevity censored at various ages, and for yield traits and SCS in first parity. Data for REML analysis included records from 1,098,329 Holsteins born from 1994 through 1997 from 5,109 sires, and a relationship matrix among sires was included in the model. Lactations beyond 84 mo added little information. Heritability of PL was 0.073 with 10 mo, 0.069 with 12 mo, 0.068 and 0.067 with unlimited (uniform) lactation credits (with and without calf credits, respectively), and 0.070 with unlimited diminishing credits. Corresponding correlations among predicted transmitting abilities for PL and protein yield were 0.07, 0.06, 0.12, 0.23, and 0.09, all much lower than the 0.46 estimated in 1993. Heritability of PL with diminishing credits improved from 0.017 to 0.070 when censoring age increased from 36 to 96 mo. There was no further increase in heritability beyond 96 mo. Genetic correlation with the final PL was 0.87 when PL was censored at 36 mo, but the estimate increased steadily with the censoring age. The PL with diminishing credits, which was favorable in both economic and genetic aspects, was desirable in crediting cows for complete lactations. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM paul@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 BP 3213 EP 3220 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 063NN UT WOS:000239026100042 PM 16840639 ER PT J AU Grieshop, MJ Flinn, PW Nechols, JR AF Grieshop, Matthew J. Flinn, Paul W. Nechols, James R. TI Biological control of indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) on finished stored products using egg and larval parasitoids SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichogramma; Habrobracon; augmentation; packaging ID BRACON-HEBETOR HYMENOPTERA; TRICHOGRAMMA-PRETIOSUM HYMENOPTERA; PLANT STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; ALMOND MOTH; PEANUT STORAGES; EVANESCENS; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; PESTS AB Biological control using hymenopteran parasitoids presents an attractive alternative to insecticides for reducing infestations and damage from the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in retail and warehouse environments. We examined the potential for using combinations of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma Mon Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), and the larval parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for preventing infestations of P. interpunctella in coarse-ground cornmeal as well as the influence of packaging on parasitoid effectiveness. Treatments included one or both parasitoids and either cornmeal infested with P. interpunctella eggs or eggs deposited on the surface of plastic bags containing cornmeal. H. hebetor had a significant impact on the number of live P. interpunctella, suppressing populations by approximate to 71% in both unbagged and bagged cornmeal. In contrast, T. deion did not suppress P. interpunctella in unbagged cornmeal. However, when released on bagged cornmeal, T. Mon significantly increased the level of pest suppression (87%) over bagging alone (15%). When H. hebetor was added to bagged cornmeal, there was a significant reduction of live P. interpunctella compared with the control (70.6%), with a further reduction observed when T. deion was added (96.7%). These findings suggest that, in most situations, a combined release of both T. deion and H. hebetor would have the greatest impact; because even though packaging may protect most of the stored products, there are usually areas in the storage landscape where poor sanitation is present. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Res Prod Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Grieshop, MJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1080 EP 1084 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800006 PM 16937658 ER PT J AU Liu, HP Bauer, LS AF Liu, Houping Bauer, Leah S. TI Susceptibility of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera : Buprestidae) to Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; susceptibility; entomopatbogenic fungi; microbial control; bioassay ID TIME-DOSE-MORTALITY; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; EMERALD ASH BORER; APHID HOMOPTERA; STRAIN GHA; FUNGUS; PLUTELLIDAE; TEMPERATURE; BIOASSAY; PREDATOR AB The susceptibility of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to selected strains of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisophae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin was evaluated through bioassays with direct immersion or foliar exposure underlaboratory conditions. Results showed that A. planipennis adults were susceptible to B. bassiana and M. anisoplae. Significant time-mortality response was found for each isolates. Isolate B. bassiana GHA killed A. planipennis adults at a faster rate compared with other isolates tested, with the lowest average time-to-death values. The LC,, values estimated under direct immersion method ranged from 1.7 X 10(5) to 1.9 X 10(7) 3.5 X 10(4) to 5.3 X 10(5), and 4.1 X 10(3) to 2.9 X 10(5) conidia/ml for B. basissiana and from 3.2 X 10(6) to 1.1 X 10(7) 4.5 X 10(3) to 4.5 X 10(5), and 1.4 X 10(2) to 1.2 X 10(5) conidia/ ml for M. anisophae at 4, 5, and 6 d after treatment, respectively. By days 5 and 6, B. bassiana GRA outperformed all other isolates tested except ARSEF 7234, followed by ARSEF 7152, 6393, and 7180. Significant concentration-mortality response was also observed for two B. bassiana GRA formulations, BotaniGard ES and Mycotrol O, and M. anisopliae F52 when insects were treated through foliar exposure. The LC50 values ranged from 114.5 to 309.6, 18.4 to 797.3, and 345.3 to 362.0 conidia/cm(2) for BotaniGard, Mycotrol, and M. anisophae F52, respectively. Based on the results of these bioassays, the efficacy of both B. bassiana GRA formulations and M. anisophae F52 were similar against adult A. planipennis. The potential use of entomopathogenic fungi for management of A. planipennis in North America is discussed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Liu, HP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1096 EP 1103 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800008 PM 16937660 ER PT J AU Behle, RW AF Behle, Robert W. TI Importance of direct spray and spray residue contact for infection of Trichoplusia ni larvae by field applications of Beauveria bassiana SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Trichoplusia ni; direct spray contact; residual activity ID ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; LABORATORY COLONIES; SIMULATED SUNLIGHT; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; CONIDIA; FORMULATIONS AB Commercial formulations and unformulated conidia of Beauveria bassiana strain GHA were applied to field-grown plants and artificially infested with Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) larvae to compare the relative insecticidal activity resulting from direct spray contact with insecticidal activity due to contact with dry spray residue. In general, applications to cabbage, Brassica oleracea L., resulted in nearly equal mortalities when comparing insects exposed to direct spray contact with those exposed by spray residue, suggesting a potential benefit by improving formulations to extend residual activity. For applications to beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., direct spray contact provided significant insect mortality, but mortality due to residual contact was generally not different than the untreated control. In contrast to the differences observed for larvae exposed in the field, larvae exposed in laboratory bioassays to leaf disks collected from the same treated cabbage and bean plants (residual contact exposure) resulted in nearly identical mortalities. Field applications of Beauveria showed rapid loss of activity, expressed as a loss of conidia viability and loss of insecticidal activity during the first 8 h after application. Evidence of significant mortality by residual contact and the rapid loss of insecticidal activity with field exposure support additional research to improve formulations to extend the residual activity of fungal biopesticides. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM behlerw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1128 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800011 PM 16937663 ER PT J AU Follett, PA AF Follett, Peter A. TI Irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment for Aspidiotus destructor (Homoptera : Diaspididae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytosanitary treatment; quarantine pest; x-ray; coconut scale AB Coconut scale, Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Homoptera: Diaspididae), is a quarantine pest of banana (Musa spp.) and many tropical crops. irradiation was examined as a potential phytosanitary treatment to control coconut scale. Dose-response tests were conducted with second-stage nymphs, adult females without eggs, and adult females with eggs at a series of irradiation doses between 60 and 200 Gy to determine the most tolerant stage. The adult female with eggs was the most tolerant stage. In large-scale validation tests and dose-response tests, a total of 32,716 adult female scales with eggs irradiated with doses between 100 and 150 Gy produced no F, adults with eggs. Irradiation treatment with a minimum absorbed dose of 150 Gy should provide quarantine security for coconut scale on exported commodities. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1142 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800013 PM 16937665 ER PT J AU Showler, AT AF Showler, Allan T. TI Short-range dispersal and overwintering habitats of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) during and after harvest in the subtropics SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; dispersal; food; habitats; overwinter ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; PHEROMONE TRAPS; COTTON FRUIT; SOUTHERN TEXAS; HOST PLANTS; FIELD; EMERGENCE; MOVEMENT; SEASON AB Field experiments in the subtropical Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas were conducted to determine the extent of adult boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), dispersal from cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fields during harvest operations and the noncotton-growing ("overwinter') period between 1 September and 1 February. Using unbaited large capacity boll weevil traps placed at intervals extending outward from commercial field edges, boll weevils did not move in substantial numbers during harvest much beyond 30 m, primarily in the direction of prevailing winds. From traps placed in fallow cotton; citrus; lake edge; pasture; treeline; sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, and sugarcane, Saccharum, spp., habitats during the overwinter period, the most boll weevils were collected in the fallow cotton fields and adjacent treelines during the fall. However, the greatest abundances of boll weevils were found in citrus orchards in the spring, before newly planted cotton fields began to square. One of the three lake edges also harbored substantial populations in the spring. Egg development in females was not detected between November and April, but in cotton fields most females were gravid between May and August when cotton fruiting bodies were available. Mated females, as determined by discoloration of the spermatheca, made up 80-100% of the female population during November and December but declined to approximate to 50% in February. The lower incidence of mating indicates a reduction in physical activity, regardless of overwinter habitat, until percentages increased in March and April after cotton fields had been planted and squares were forming. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1152 EP 1160 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800015 PM 16937667 ER PT J AU Birke, A Aluja, M Greany, P Bigurra, E Perez-Staples, D McDonald, R AF Birke, Andrea Aluja, Martin Greany, Patrick Bigurra, Everardo Perez-Staples, Diana McDonald, Roy TI Long aculeus and behavior of Anastrepha ludens render gibberellic acid ineffective as an agent to reduce 'ruby red' grapefruit susceptibility to the attack of this pestiferous fruit fly in commercial groves SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; gibberellic acid; Citrus paradisi; trap crops; pest management ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; CITRUS; SUSPENSA; FLIES; INFESTATION; MEXICAN AB Treating Mexican grapefruit with gibberellic acid (CA(3)) before color break, significantly delayed peel color change and increased peel puncture resistance, but it did not reduce grapefruit susceptibility to Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) attack under natural conditions. Despite GA(3) treatments, larval infestation levels increased with higher fruit fly populations, which also increased as the season progressed. Late in the season, infestation levels were even higher in GA(3)-treated fruit compared with untreated fruit, possibly because treated fruit were in better condition at that stage. Egg clutch size was significantly greater in very unripe, hard, GA(3)-treated fruit at the beginning of the harvest season and in December, compared with control fruit. Under laboratory conditions, egg injection into different regions of the fruit suggested that A. ludens eggs are intoxicated by peel oil content in the flavedo, region. However, A. ludens' long aculeus allows females to oviposit eggs deeper into the peel (i.e., albedo), avoiding toxic essential oils in the flavedo. This makes A. ludens a particularly difficult species to control compared with other citrus-infesting species such as Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (fly species with significantly shorter aculei), which can be effectively managed with GA(3) sprays. We discuss our findings in light of their practical implications and with respect to the oviposition behavior of various fruit flies attacking citrus. C1 Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM alujam@ecologia.edu.mx RI Perez-Staples, Diana/C-1417-2011 OI Perez-Staples, Diana/0000-0002-6804-0346 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1184 EP 1193 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800019 PM 16937671 ER PT J AU Showler, AT AF Showler, Allan T. TI Boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) damage to cotton bolls under standard and proactive spraying SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; bolls; boll; carpel damage; cotton; insecticide ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; FIELD CONDITIONS; OVIPOSITION; FRUIT; ABSCISSION; SEASON; TEXAS AB In some parts of the boll weevil's, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) I distribution from the United States to Argentina, insecticides are applied after cut-out (end of square production) when bolls are the predominant stage of fruiting body. This study demonstrates that the standard spray regime in southern Texas, which involves insecticide applications after cut-out, did not result in more bolls than a nonsprayed control. An alternative "proactive" spray regime focusing on protecting large squares before cut-out resulted in 1.9- to 2.5-fold more bolls in the lower half of the canopies than the control. At one of two experimental field locations, the percentage of damaged boll carpels was 3-fold greater in the standard spray regime's lower canopy than in the proactive spray regime, and the percentage in the control was 1.6-fold greater than in the standard regime. At both experimental field locations, the upper canopy control had 2.1- to 2.3-fold greater percentages of carpel damage than the proactive spray regime. The standard spray regime resulted in 2.3-fold greater percentage of carpel damage than the proactive regime. In the control and the standard spray regime, percentages of upper canopy nondamaged bolls were mostly lower than or not different from percentages of bolls with one, two, three, or all four carpels damaged, but in the proactive regime, percentage of nondamaged bolls in the upper canopy was greater than percentages of bolls with one or more damaged carpels. Reasons for the ineffectiveness of the standard spray regime and the benefits observed in the proactive approach are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1257 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800027 PM 16937679 ER PT J AU Myers, CT Hull, LA Krawczyk, G AF Myers, Clayton T. Hull, Larry A. Krawczyk, Grzegorz TI Comparative survival rates of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) larvae on shoots and fruit of apple and peach SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oriental fruit moth; survival; apple; peach; population dynamics ID GRAPHOLITHA-MOLESTA LEPIDOPTERA; CODLING MOTH; NIAGARA PENINSULA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; OVIPOSITION; ONTARIO; POPULATIONS; INFESTATION; CULTIVAR; ORCHARDS AB Studies were designed to examine the effects of host plants on oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), survival. G. molesta larval survival in the orchard was comparable between apple (Malus spp.) and peach (Prunus spp.) shoots, indicating that both host species can harbor large larval populations during the early season. G. molesta larvae used multiple shoots for feeding and development on peaches but usually only damaged single shoots in apple. Survival differences were present between peach and apple fruit, but this survival was affected by fruit maturity level. Generally, larval survival higher was in ripening peach fruit than in green, immature apple fruit. Larval survival varied among several apple cultivars, indicating that cultivar-level variability needs to be considered. These host-associated effects may impact efforts to predictively model G. molesta populations in commercial orchards where multiple host plant species, or different cultivars of the same species are often grown in proximity. Thus, host-associated dynamics should be included into future population models that underlie management programs. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. RP Myers, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1309 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800033 PM 16937685 ER PT J AU Taylor, DB Berkebile, D AF Taylor, David B. Berkebile, Dennis TI Comparative efficiency of six stable fly (Diptera : Muscidae) traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traps; Nzi trap; Broce trap; Olson trap; stable fly ID STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS L; HOUSE-FLIES DIPTERA; EASTERN NEBRASKA; DEVELOPMENTAL SITES; BREEDING MEDIA; FACE FLY; RESPONSES; DAIRIES; FLORIDA; CATTLE AB Five adhesive traps and the Nzi cloth-target trap were compared to determine their trapping efficiency and biases for stable flies, Stomxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Two configurations of the BiteFree prototype trap, constructed of polyethylene terephthalate, were most efficient for trapping stable flies, whereas the EZ trap was least efficient. The two Alsynite traps, Broce and Olson, were intermediate to the BiteFree prototype and EZ traps. All adhesive traps collected a ratio of approximately two males for each female. Approximately 50% of the flies collected on the adhesive traps, both male and female, were blood fed, and 20% were vitellogenic. The Nzi trap collected an older component of the stable fly population, 81% blood fed and 62% vitellogenic, but it was much less efficient than the adhesive traps. The effectiveness of the BiteFree prototype trap indicates that materials other than Alsynite are attractive to stable flies. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Mid W Livestock Insects Res Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Taylor, DB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Mid W Livestock Insects Res Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dtaylor1@unl.edu RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1415 EP 1419 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800048 PM 16937700 ER PT J AU Ball, OJP Coudron, TA Tapper, BA Davies, E Trently, D Bush, LP Gwinn, KD Popay, AJ AF Ball, Olivier J. -P. Coudron, Thomas A. Tapper, Brian A. Davies, Elizabeth Trently, David Bush, Lowell P. Gwinn, Kimberly D. Popay, Alison J. TI Importance of host plant species, Neotyphodium endophyte isolate, and alkaloids on feeding by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect resistance; alkaloid; armyworm; fescue; ryegrass ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INFECTED PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; ARGENTINE STEM WEEVIL; TALL FESCUE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; LOLIUM-PERENNE; LOLITREM-B; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; MEDIATED RESISTANCE; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA AB Three grass host species-tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber; meadow fescue, Festuca pratensis Hudson; and perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.-eacb infected with a number of different Neotyphodium endophyte isolates, were investigated for their effects on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Alkaloid profiles varied among associations. Choice and no-choice tests comparing feeding and early development of S. frugiperda larvae on endophyte-infected and endophyte-free leaf blade material were performed. Endophyte-mediated resistance to S. frugiperda was greatest in meadow fescue and weakest in tall fescue. Some endophyte isolates, particularly in perennial ryegrass and meadow fescue, had a major effect on feeding and development of S.frugiperda, whereas others had no effect or were only weakly efficacious. In tall fescue, some associations deterred S. frugiperda from feeding in choice tests but had no effect on development, whereas larvae reared on other associations weighed significantly more than control larvae fed endophyte-free grass. It was concluded that the deleterious consequences of endophyte infection were easily masked by other factors in tall fescue. Relative leaf age had no effect on feeding preferences in the three host species, Chemical analysis of herbage from the plants used, and results from a no-choice study using spiked artificial diets, failed to individually implicate any of the major known alkaloids (peramine, lolitrem B, ergovaline, and lolines) in the observed effects on S. frugiperda. Hypotheses explaining these observations, and their impact on creating desirable grass-endophyte associations for use in pastures, are discussed. C1 AgResearch, Grassland Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. AgResearch, Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Ball, OJP (reprint author), Northland Polytech, Private Bag 9019, Whangarei, New Zealand. OI Popay, Alison/0000-0002-0201-5308 NR 63 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1462 EP 1473 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800053 PM 16937705 ER PT J AU Ranger, CM Johnson-Cicalese, J Polavarapu, S Vorsa, N AF Ranger, Christopher M. Johnson-Cicalese, Jennifer Polavarapu, Sridhar Vorsa, Nicholi TI Evaluation of Vaccinium spp. for Illinoia pepperi (Hemiptera : Aphididae) performance and phenolic content SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Illinoia pepperi; Vaccinium; blueberry; host suitability ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS; MUMMY BERRY DISEASE; MYZUS-PERSICAE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMBINING ABILITY; FIELD SPREAD; RESISTANCE; TRANSMISSION; HOMOPTERA AB Host acceptance and population parameters of the aphid Illinoia pepperi (MacGillivray) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were measured on highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Elliott', and the wild species Vaccinium boreale Hall and Aalders, Vaccinium tenellum Aiton, Vaccinium pallidum Aiton, Vaccinium hirsutum Buckley, Vaccinium myrsinites Lamarck, and Vaccinium darrowi Camp. After 24 h of exposure, significantly fewer aphids remained in contact with V. boreale and V. hirsutum compared with V. corymbosum Elliott, V. darrowi, and V. pallidum. Length of the prereproductive period of L pepperi was significantly longer on V. boreale and V. myrsinites, in contrast to V. corymbosum. Fecundity was also lower on V. boreale, V. hirsutum, V. myrsinites, and V. darrowi. Survivorship of L pepperi 42 d after birth was significantly lower on V. hirsutum compared with the remaining Vaccinium spp. Reduced I. pepperi performance resulted in significantly lower intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) values being associated with V. myrsinites, V. boreale, V. hirsutum, and V. darrowi compared with V. corymbosum. Net reproductive rate (R,), generation time (T), and doubling time (T-d) of I. pepperi also were affected by the Vaccinium spp. Total phenolic and flavonol content varied between Vaccinium spp., with some high phenolic content Vaccinium spp. having reduced aphid performance. However, no significant correlation between phenolics and L pepperi performance was detected. Results from this study identified several potential sources of aphid resistance traits in wild Vaccinium spp. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ranger, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1474 EP 1482 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800054 PM 16937706 ER PT J AU Mohandass, S Zhu, KY Throne, JE AF Mohandass, S. Zhu, K. Y. Throne, J. E. TI Hydroprene prolongs developmental time and increases mortality in wandering-phase Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) larvae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plodia interpunctella; Indianmeal moth; development; mortality; insect growth regulator ID GERMAN-COCKROACH DICTYOPTERA; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOGS; STORED-GRAIN INSECTS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; BLATTELLIDAE; METHOPRENE; COLEOPTERA; POPULATIONS; WHEAT AB Wandering phase Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), larvae were exposed to the label rate of hydroprene (1.9 x 10(-3) mg [AI]/cm(2)) sprayed on concreted petri dishes. Larvae were exposed for 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h and maintained at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 degrees C and 57% RH until adult emergence. Larval developmental time and mortality were significantly influenced by temperature and exposure intervals. Maximum developmental time (47.2 +/- 1.3 d) occurred at 16 degrees C, and the minimum developmental time (7.0 +/- 0.5 d) occurred at 32 degrees C. Larval mortality generally increased at all of the five tested temperatures as exposure period increased. The greatest mortality (82.0 +/- 0.1%) occurred when larvae were exposed for 30 h at 28 degrees C, and minimum mortality (0.0 +/- 0.5%) occurred at 16 degrees C when larvae were exposed for 1 h. The relationships between temperature, exposure period, and developmental time were described by polynomial models, based on lack-of-fit tests. Hydroprene has potential to be an effective alternative to conventional insecticides in surface treatments for Indianmeal moth management. Response-surface models derived from this study can be used in simulation models to estimate the potential consequences of hydroprene on Indianmeal moth population dynamics. C1 Kansas State Univ, Coll Architecture Planning & Design, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Mohandass, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Architecture Planning & Design, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1509 EP 1519 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070QG UT WOS:000239537800058 PM 16937710 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Hunt, PG Poach, ME AF Ro, K. S. Hunt, P. G. Poach, M. E. TI Wind-driven surficial oxygen transfer and dinitrogen gas emission from treatment lagoons SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE oxygen transfer; denitrification pathways; dinitrogen; treatment lagoons ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; WASTE-WATER; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; NITROGEN REMOVAL; SWINE LAGOONS; INHIBITION; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; BACTERIA; OXIDE AB Surficial oxygen transfer plays an important role, when analyzing the complex biochemical and physical processes responsible for ammonia and dinitrogen gas emission in animal waste treatment lagoons. This paper analyzes if currently known nitrogen biochemical pathways can explain the enigmatic dinitrogen gas emissions recently observed from the treatment lagoons, based on the amount of wind-driven oxygen that can be transferred through the air-water interface. The stoichiometric amounts of the maximum dinitrogen gas production potential per unit mass of O-2 transferred were calculated according to three most likely biochemical pathways for ammonia removal in the treatment lagoons - classical nitrification-denitrification, partial nitrification-denitrification, and partial nitrification-Anammox. Partial nitrification-Anammox pathway would produce the largest N-2 emission, followed by partial nitrification-denitrification pathway, then by classical nitrification-denitrification pathway. In order to estimate stoichiometric amount (i.e., maximum) of N-2 emission from these pathways, we assumed that heterotrophic respiration was substantially inhibited due to high levels of free ammonia prevalent in treatment lagoons. Most observed N-2 emission data were below the maximum N-2 emission potentials by the classical nitrification-denitrification pathway. However, one value of observed N-2 emission was much higher than that could be produced by even the partial nitrification-Anammox pathway. This finding suggests yet unknown biological processes and/or non-biological nitrogen processes such as chemodenitrification may also be important in these treatment lagoons. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM kyoung@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1627 EP 1638 DI 10.1080/10934520600754714 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062LR UT WOS:000238946800016 PM 16835116 ER PT J AU Niemi, K Sutela, S Haggman, H Scagel, C Vuosku, J Jokela, A Sarjala, T AF Niemi, Karoliina Sutela, Suvi Haggman, Hely Scagel, Carolyn Vuosku, Jaana Jokela, Anne Sarjala, Tytti TI Changes in polyamine content and localization of Pinus sylvestris ADC and Suillus variegatus ODC mRNA transcripts during the formation of mycorrhizal interaction in an in vitro cultivation system SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE arginine decarboxylase; ectomycorrhizas; ornithine decarboxylase; Pinus sylvestris; polyamines; Suillus variegatus ID ARGININE-DECARBOXYLASE; ORNITHINE-DECARBOXYLASE; SCOTS PINE; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; CONJUGATED POLYAMINES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PAXILLUS-INVOLUTUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS AB The involvement of polyamines (PAs) in the interaction between Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings and an ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus variegatus (Swatz: Fr.) O. Kunze was studied in an in vitro cultivation system. PA concentrations in seedlings were analysed after 1, 3, and 5 weeks in dual culture with S. variegatus, and changes in PA pools were compared with the growth of the seedlings. Pinus sylvestris arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and S. variegatus ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA transcripts were localized during the formation of mycorrhizas. During mycorrhiza formation, Suillus variegatus ODC transcripts were found in developing hyphal mantle and Hartig net, and P. sylvestris ADC transcripts in specific root parenchyma cells adjacent to tracheids and in mitotic cells of the root apical meristem. However, no unambiguous difference in ADC transcript localization between inoculated and non-inoculated roots was observed. Regardless of the unchanged distribution of ADC transcripts, inoculation with S. variegatus increased free putrescine, spermidine, and spermine concentrations in roots within the first week in dual culture. The concentration of free and conjugated putrescine and conjugated spermidine also increased in the needles due to the fungus. The fungus-induced lateral root formation and main root elongation were greatest between the first and third week in dual culture, coinciding with retarded accumulation or a decrease of free PAs. These results show that accumulation of PAs in the host plant is one of the first indicators of the establishment of ectomycorrhizal interaction between P. sylvestris and S. variegatus in the in vitro system. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Biol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, Oulu 90014, Finland. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Parkano Res Unit, Parkano 39700, Finland. RP Niemi, K (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Biol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM Karoliina.Niemi@helsinki.fi NR 52 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 57 IS 11 BP 2795 EP 2804 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl049 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 075QY UT WOS:000239901500031 PM 16868043 ER PT J AU Destefano-Beltran, L Knauber, D Huckle, L Suttle, J AF Destefano-Beltran, Luis Knauber, Donna Huckle, Linda Suttle, Jeffrey TI Chemically forced dormancy termination mimics natural dormancy progression in potato tuber meristems by reducing ABA content and modifying expression of genes involved in regulating ABA synthesis and metabolism SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ABA; bromoethane; dormancy; potato; qRT-PCR; Solanum tuberosum; tuber ID ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ACTIVATION PROCESSES; MICROTUBER DORMANCY; POSTHARVEST CHANGES; CATABOLISM; INDUCTION; VARIETIES; ETHYLENE; STORAGE AB The length of potato tuber dormancy depends on both the genotype and the environmental conditions during growth and storage. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to play a critical role in tuber dormancy control but the mechanisms regulating ABA content during dormancy, as well as the sites of ABA synthesis, and catabolism are unknown. Recently, a temporal correlation between changes in ABA content and certain ABA biosynthetic and catabolic genes has been reported in stored field tubers during physiological dormancy progression. However, the protracted length of natural dormancy progression complicated interpretation of these data. To address this issue, in this study the synthetic dormancy-terminating agent bromoethane (BE) was used to induce rapid and highly synchronous sprouting of dormant tubers. The endogenous ABA content of tuber meristems increased 2-fold 24 h after BE treatment and then declined dramatically. By 7 d post-treatment, meristem ABA content had declined by > 80%. Exogenous [H-3]ABA was readily metabolized by isolated meristems to phaseic and dihydrophaseic acids. BE treatment resulted in an almost 2-fold increase in the rate of ABA metabolism. A differential expression of both the StNCED and StCYP707A gene family members in meristems of BE-treated tubers is consistent with a regulatory role for StNCED2 and the StCYP707A1 and StCYP707A2 genes. The present results show that the changes in ABA content observed during tuber dormancy progression are the result of a dynamic equilibrium of ABA biosynthesis and degradation that increasingly favours catabolism as dormancy progresses. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, State Univ Stn, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM suttlej@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 57 IS 11 BP 2879 EP 2886 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl050 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 075QY UT WOS:000239901500038 PM 16831846 ER PT J AU Wall, MM AF Wall, MM TI Ascorbic acid, vitamin A, and mineral composition of banana (Musa sp.) and papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars grown in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE banana; papaya; carotenoids; beta-carotene; minerals; vitamin A; vitamin C ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CRYPTOXANTHIN ESTERS; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; CAROTENOID CONTENT; VEGETABLE INTAKE; C ACTIVITY; FRUITS; FOODS; HPLC; EMPHASIS AB Banana (Musa sp.) and papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars were harvested from different locations throughout Hawaii and analyzed for vitamin C (ascorbic acid), provitamin A (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin), and mineral composition. Dwarf Brazilian ('' apple '') bananas had almost three times more vitamin C (12.7 mg/100 g fresh weight) than Williams fruit (4.5 mg/100 g). Also, Dwarf Brazilian bananas had 96.9 mu g beta-carotene and 104.9 mu g alpha-carotene/100g, whereas Williams fruit averaged 55.7 mu g beta-carotene and 84.0 mu g alpha-carotene/ 100 g. Bananas contained higher concentrations of lutein than of the provitamin A pigments, alpha- and beta-carotene. Papaya vitamin C content was 51.2 mg/100 g, with no differences among cultivars. Papaya provitamin A carotenoids averaged 232.3 mu g beta-carotene and 594.3 mu g beta-cryptoxanthin/100 g, and vitamin A ranged from 18.7 to 74.0 mu g RAE/100 g. Lycopene was not detected in the yellow-fleshed cultivars, Kapoho, Laie Gold, and Rainbow, but the red-fleshed Sunrise and SunUp fruit contained 1350-3674 mu g lycopene/100 g. Dwarf Brazilian bananas had higher P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn contents than Williams fruit. The average K content for Hawaii's bananas was 330.6 mg/100 g. Papayas (100 g) contained 9% of the dietary reference intake (DRI) for Cu, 6-8% of the DRI for Mg, but less than 3% of the DRI for other minerals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI USA. EM mwall@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 99 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 434 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.002 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 051XZ UT WOS:000238196300005 ER PT J AU Kim, S Inglett, GE AF Kim, S Inglett, GE TI Molecular weight and ionic strength dependence of fluorescence intensity of the Calcofluor/beta-glucan complex in flow-injection analysis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE beta-glucan; flow-injection analysis; calcofluor; ionic strength ID ANALYSIS FIA METHOD; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CEREAL BETA-GLUCANS; DIRECT DYES; BARLEY; WORT AB The flow-injection analysis (FIA) method has long been used for the quantitative determination of beta-glucans. FIA makes use of the enhanced fluorescence produced when beta-glucan forms complexes with Calcofluor. For successful application of this analysis method, the lowest molecular weight (MW) in the sample has to be higher than a critical MW below which the fluorescence intensity of the complex becomes weaker. Fluorescence measurements reveal that the fluorescence intensity of the Calcofluor/beta-glucan complex is strongly dependent on the ionic strength of the solution. At high ionic strength, fluorescence intensity is high and critical MW is low. At low ionic strength, on the other hand, fluorescence intensity is low and critical MW is high. Turbidity measurement shows that Calcofluor/beta-glucan complex forms aggregates in the solution and the rate of aggregate formation depends on the MW of beta-glucan and concentration of Calcofluor. This study indicates that the FIA method has to be used with solutions of high ionic strength and a high Calcofluor to beta-glucan ratio to broaden the applicable MW range of beta-glucan analysis. Application of FIA method to the analysis of beta-glucan in oat products turns out to be successful as confirmed by comparison with conventional enzymatic analysis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kims@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 466 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.11.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 051XZ UT WOS:000238196300009 ER PT J AU Ahuja, JKC Goldman, JD Perloff, BP AF Ahuja, JKC Goldman, JD Perloff, BP TI The effect of improved food composition data on intake estimates in the United States of America SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, IA HO Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union DE food composition data; nutrient intakes; data improvements; trends analysis system; Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS); multi-year FNDDS; Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) ID NUTRIENT INTAKE; ANALYSIS PROGRAM AB The effect of improved food composition data on nutrient intake estimates was determined by re-analyzing dietary intake data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1096, 1998 with the multi-year version of the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) 1.0, wherein only the data improvements such as those due to new analytical data replaced the older values. Mean differences between the old and revised estimates were determined. Improved data resulted in minor but statistically significant (P = 0.001) differences in mean intake estimates for most nutrients. Nutrients or food components with greatest differences included vitamin C, riboflavin, magnesium, and caffeine. As a result of these changes, 4-7% more adults have inadequate intakes of vitamin C and magnesium. Caffeine intakes were lower by about 25%. Changes in the food composition values for fluid milk, tomatoes, coffee, and mixed dishes appear to have had the most impact. These artifactual changes require adjustments to the earlier intake estimates to improve comparability with more current intakes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ahuja, JKC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jahuja@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S7 EP S13 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.12.007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700003 ER PT J AU Anand, J Raper, NR Tong, A AF Anand, J Raper, NR Tong, A TI Quality assurance during data processing of food and nutrient intakes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, IA HO Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union DE food and nutrient intakes; quality control AB The Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) is responsible for methods of data collection and processing of dietary intake data, including the What We Eat in America Survey, which is the dietary interview component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Many measures have been implemented to ensure accuracy of the dietary data, such as a state-of-the-art data collection instrument and an extensive food and nutrient database. Also important, but usually receiving less public attention is the quality assurance taking place during data processing. A four-part quality assurance procedure is used for food intake data processed by FSRG. This includes (1) determination of overall acceptability of each 24-h recall, (2) resolution of new or unusual foods and amounts, (3) administration of data integrity checks, and (4) verification of 24-h recalls with extremely high nutrient intakes. Quality assurance not only contributes to the accuracy and validity of a specific set of dietary intake data, it also benefits future studies because findings help identify areas to target for interviewer training or for improvements in data collection and processing procedures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anand, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janand@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S86 EP S90 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.02.005 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700014 ER PT J AU Bodner-Montvllle, J Ahuja, JKC Ingwersen, LA Haggerty, ES Enns, CW Perloff, BP AF Bodner-Montvllle, J Ahuja, JKC Ingwersen, LA Haggerty, ES Enns, CW Perloff, BP TI USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies: Released on the web SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, IA HO Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union DE food and nutrient database; dietary studies; food consumption surveys; nutrient intake; food intake; food portion weights ID ENERGY-INTAKE; RECALL; TRENDS AB The USDA Survey Nutrient Database and other technical files used to code foods and calculate nutrient values for national food consumption surveys were updated, redesigned, and renamed the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS). This new database is now available over the internet from the Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG): Code numbers, food descriptions and food portion weights were added to accommodate the latest release of What We Eat in America, the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Food weights and portions were updated to reflect current fast food and other individually sized products. Nutrients were added and all nutrient values were updated based on the latest release of the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. The FNDDS can be downloaded from the FSRG website (http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg) in both ASCII and Microsoft Access((R)) formats. It contains descriptions for 13,500 foods, complete data for energy and 62 other nutrients, and over 30,000 weights for common food portions. The database may be used in conjunction with dietary data from What We Eat in America/NHANES, or applied to other dietary studies to provide comparability with national data. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bodner-Montvllle, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jbodner@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S100 EP S107 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.02.002 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700017 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Coates, PM Radimer, K Bindewald, B Sharpless, KE Holden, J Andrews, K Zhao, CW Harnly, J Wolff, WR Perry, CR AF Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Coates, PM Radimer, K Bindewald, B Sharpless, KE Holden, J Andrews, K Zhao, CW Harnly, J Wolff, WR Perry, CR TI Progress in development of an integrated dietary supplement ingredient database at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, IA HO Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union DE dietary supplements; analytical substantiation; dietary supplement composition; dietary supplement ingredient database; NHANES; DSID; dietary supplement labels; certified reference materials; standard reference materials ID AMERICA-NHANES; EAT; HEALTH; FOOD AB Several activities of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health involve enhancement of dietary supplement databases. These include an initiative with US Department of Agriculture to develop an analytically substantiated dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID) and collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics to enhance the dietary supplement label database in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The many challenges that must be dealt with in developing an analytically supported DSID include categorizing product types in the database, identifying nutrients, and other components of public health interest in these products and prioritizing which will be entered in the database first. Additional tasks include developing methods and reference materials for quantifying the constituents, finding qualified laboratories to measure the constituents, developing appropriate sample handling procedures, and finally developing representative sampling plans. Developing the NHANES dietary supplement label database has other challenges such as collecting information on dietary supplement use from NHANES respondents, constant updating and refining of information obtained, developing default values that can be used if the respondent cannot supply the exact supplement or strength that was consumed, and developing a publicly available label database. Federal partners and the research community are assisting in making an analytically supported dietary supplement database a reality. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Dietary Supplement Methods & Reference Mat Progra, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Div Res & Dev, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dwyerj1@od.nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S108 EP S114 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.09.001 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700018 PM 25309034 ER PT J AU Lemar, L Haytowitz, D Bingham, M Cutrufelli, R Thomas, R AF Lemar, L Haytowitz, D Bingham, M Cutrufelli, R Thomas, R TI The Nutrient Data Laboratory Web site gets a new look SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, IA HO Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union DE Nutrient Data Laboratory Web site AB The Nutrient Data Laboratory Web site, along with all Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Web sites, has a new look. The basic appearance is similar to the United States Department of Agriculture Web site, but with some navigational categories unique to ARS sites. The purpose of these changes is to make ARS Web sites more uniform in navigation, enhancing overall ease of use. Navigation tools now found on our Web site include links to: About Us, Research, Products & Services, People and Places, News and Events, Partnering, and Careers. Partnering, a section recently added to the Web site, includes information detailing our numerous research collaborations with scientists in educational institutions, research laboratories, the food industry and other federal agencies as well as our award-winning partnerships for technology transfer. The online search program, our most frequently accessed feature, remains prominently displayed on our Home Page, continuing to give users fast access to nutrient information on a specific food. This popular program has been upgraded, supporting enhanced search techniques and the capability to customize portion sizes for food component reports. The NDL Web site is the principal means of dissemination of food composition data from the National Nutrient Databank System and receives an average of over 110,000 visitors per month. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lemar, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 107 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lemarl@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S96 EP S99 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.008 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700016 ER PT J AU McCabe-Sellers, BJ Staggs, CG Bogle, ML AF McCabe-Sellers, BJ Staggs, CG Bogle, ML TI Tyramine in foods and monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs: A crossroad where medicine, nutrition, pharmacy, and food industry converge SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, IA HO Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union DE biogenic amines; tyramine; MAOI drugs; food-drug interactions ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOGENIC-AMINE CONTENT; HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS; MEAT-PRODUCTS; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; BIOACTIVE AMINES; STARTER CULTURE; PRESSOR AMINES; MAO INHIBITOR; DRY SAUSAGES AB Since identification of the "cheese reaction" hypertensive crisis induced by dietary tyramine with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) drugs, numerous articles have addressed the biogenic amine (BA) content of foods. The objective of this review is to explain why many published analyses are no longer valid. Clinically significant BA levels from literature published between 1945 and 2003 were reviewed and compiled and are presented in common units. Clinical recommendations based on newer reports about foods and drugs are offered. Reliance on case reports without chemical analyses led to unnecessary dietary restrictions. Extrapolation of analysis from one food to a similar food led to lengthy lists of banned foods. Early analyses are no longer valid for several reasons: better methods to accurately identify these amines, better packaging methods, recognition of critical processing points in prevention of BA formation, better storage and handling procedures, and substitution of cultures less likely to form amines have reduced the risks of these Food-drug interactions. New generations of MAOIs and different administration routes allow smaller effective dosage and lower risks for interactions. This review of BAs illustrates variability of food components over time, progress of food industry toward a safer food supply, development of better drugs, and the necessity for medicine, nutrition, pharmacy, and food industry to work together. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS Lower Mississppi Delta Nutr Intervent Re, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. RP McCabe-Sellers, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS Lower Mississppi Delta Nutr Intervent Re, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM beverlymccabe@sbcglobal.net NR 100 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S58 EP S65 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.12.008 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700010 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PR Perry, CR Cutrufelli, RC Patterson, KY Wilger, J Haytowitz, DB Holden, JM Day, CD Himes, JH Harnack, L Levy, S Wefel, J Heilman, J Phillips, KM Rasor, AS AF Pehrsson, PR Perry, CR Cutrufelli, RC Patterson, KY Wilger, J Haytowitz, DB Holden, JM Day, CD Himes, JH Harnack, L Levy, S Wefel, J Heilman, J Phillips, KM Rasor, AS TI Sampling and initial findings for a study of fluoride in drinking water in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, IA HO Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union DE fluoride; National Fluoride Database; dental caries AB The role of fluoride in reducing the risk of dental caries, especially among children, is well recognized and is the basis for current intake recommendations. The US Department of Agriculture, Nutrient Data Laboratory conducted a comprehensive study of the fluoride content of US drinking water, as part of the US National Fluoride Database and Intake Assessment Study, a collaborative effort with the University of Minnesota, the University of Iowa College of Dentistry, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The sampling method involved: serpentine ordering of the US population by census region, division, and county; dividing the population into 72 equal population size zones; and randomly selecting one county per zone and two residences per county. Participants were recruited by phone to provide two tap water samples, 3-4 months apart; samples (n = 288) were analyzed by the direct read method. Well water averaged < 20mcg fluoride/100g, municipal water averaged 100-110mcg fluoride/100g, and the national average across sources was 71mcg fluoride/100g. These nationally representative data for drinking water will support public health research on the impact of fluoride on bones and teeth and will provide a foundation for assessment tools in the dental and medical communities. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nutr Coordinating Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Pehrsson, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pehrssop@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S45 EP S52 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.11.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700008 ER PT J AU Spence, JT AF Spence, JT TI Challenges related to the composition of functional foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material DE functional foods; nutrients; food composition; nutrition monitoring ID HEALTH; LIFE AB There is a growing interest among producers and the public in functional foods or foods that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The availability of such foods highlights the changing nature of the food supply and the tremendous difficulty in trying to maintain accurate and timely food composition data. Key questions arise. How can and should we track and maintain a database of functional foods? What food components should we be measuring in order to meet the needs of users of the nutrient data? Do analytical techniques exist for some of these components and what effects do these components have on the measurement of other nutrients? We need to begin how to answer these and similar questions and the answers may vary depending on the nature of the variety of functional foods produced. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Spence, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave,GWCC 4-2188, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jts@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S4 EP S6 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.11.007 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700002 ER PT J AU Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP AF Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP TI Performance of hyperspectral imaging system for poultry surface fecal contaminant detection SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INSPECTION; CARCASSES AB A hyperspectral imaging system demonstrated potential to detect surface fecal and ingesta contaminants on poultry carcasses. Hyperspectral imagery were processed and analyzed with four pre-processing methods considering calibration and spectral smoothing approaches. A band-ratio image processing algorithm, using 2-wavelengths (I-565/I-517) and 3-wavelengths (I-576-I-616)/(I-529-I-616) equations, was then applied for each pre-processed method that included background masking for ratioed images, and fecal thresholding. Based on a high accuracy of 96.2% for predicting surface contaminants and significantly less false positives on the 64 birds measured, the method with calibrated and smoothed images was the best pre-processing method for fecal and ingesta contaminant detection. In conjunction with appropriate image processing algorithms, the hyperspectral imaging system is an effective technique for identifying fecal and ingesta contaminants on broiler carcasses. Specifically, band-ratio with 2-wavelength equation (I-565/I-517) performed very well with 96.4% accuracy and 147 false positives for detecting both feces (duodenum, ceca, colon) and ingesta contaminants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM bpark@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 340 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.060 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 028GZ UT WOS:000236476400006 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Elfving, DC Pusey, PL Kupferman, EM AF Drake, S. R. Elfving, D. C. Pusey, P. L. Kupferman, E. M. TI Fruit quality of "D'anjou" pears after bin storage and late-season packing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; ANJOU PEARS; APPLE FRUIT; ETHOXYQUIN; PENICILLIUM; DECAY AB Scald and decay control are problems associated with the long-term storage of "D'Anjou" pears. In this 3-year study, D'Anjou pears were treated with combinations of fungicides (Scholar [fludioxinil], Penbotec [pyrimethanil] and Mertect [thiabendazole]), and antiscald agents (ethoxyquin [ETH] and diphenylamine [DPA]). Little decay was evident with or without the use of fungicides, but scald was a major problem after long-term bin storage. ETH reduced scald incidence, but stimulated the severity of phytotoxicity. However, when fruits were evaluated by quality control personnel, phytotoxicity did not represent a major issue. ETH treatment enhanced sensory scores for finish and pedicel condition, improving fruit grade. In this study, scald control was better with ETH than DPH. However, DPH did produce acceptable scald control even though it aggravated phytotoxicity. D'Anjou pears packed in boxes with ETH and Cu paper wraps developed less decay and scald than pears in polyethylene bags. C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 North Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM drake@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 30 IS 4 BP 420 EP 432 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2006.0076.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 063GQ UT WOS:000239006700004 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP AF Onwulata, C. I. Konstance, R. P. TI Extruded corn meal and whey protein concentrate: Effect of particle size SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BLENDS; FLOUR AB Blends of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and corn meal, which were separated into four particle fractions (residual on a #30 screen, #40 screen, #60 screen and through a #60 screen), were extruded at two moisture conditions (23 and 28%) to determine the effects of particle size on the extrudate properties. Smaller particle size fractions exhibited increased solubility and significantly higher viscosity both with and without added protein. When WPC was added to the corn meal, a large reduction in paste viscosity was observed regardless of the particle size. The blend with similar particle size distributions of corn meal and WPC had a significantly higher viscosity than the other blends. The expansion ratio, porosity and breaking strength of this blend, when extruded at the lower moisture content, were improved to the extent that they behaved similarly to extrudate made from corn meal alone. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM conwulata@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 30 IS 4 BP 475 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2005.00082.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 063GQ UT WOS:000239006700008 ER PT J AU Wesley, IV Harbaugh, E Trampel, DW Rivera, F Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS AF Wesley, Irene V. Harbaugh, Ellen Trampel, Darrell W. Rivera, Fernando Rostagno, Marcos H. Hurd, H. Scott TI Effect of preslaughter events on the prevalence of Salmonella in market-weight turkeys SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BROILER-CHICKENS; PROCESSING PLANTS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; SWINE; CAMPYLOBACTER; ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; POULTRY; FLOCKS; CONTAMINATION AB The goal of this study was to determine if preslaughter events, such as transport to and holding at the slaughterhouse, affect Salmonella prevalence in turkeys. Floors of transport crates were swabbed after loading and prior to transport at the farm (time 1, n = 100 swabs per trial) and after transport to and holding at the abattoir (time 2, n = 100 swabs per trial). In addition, environmental samples were taken at each of the six premises (n = 25 per premises) as well as in the holding shed at the abattoir (n = 25 samples per trial). At slaughter, the crops, ceca, and spleens were cultured (n = 50 each per flock). As shown from the culture of the crate floor swabs collected pre- and posttransport, when individual farms were analyzed, samples from only one premises exhibited a statistically significant change, as seen by the decline in Salmonella prevalence posttransport (P < 0.01). When the data from all farms were combined, Salmonella was recovered more frequently from swabs collected pretransport at loading on-farm (time 1, 47.6%) than from swabs collected after transport (time 2, 39.7%, P < 0.01). This suggests that transport to and holding at the abattoir do not increase the prevalence of Salmonella in turkeys. This observation contrasts with the increase in Salmonella prevalence reported for hogs and some broilers. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. Univ Zuila, Coll Vet Med, Maracaibo 4002A, Venezuela. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM iwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1785 EP 1793 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 070RR UT WOS:000239541900003 PM 16924900 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Nou, XW Barkocy-Gallagher, GA Arthur, TM Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, Joseph M. Nou, Xiangwu Barkocy-Gallagher, Genevieve A. Arthur, Terrance M. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Treatments using hot water instead of lactic acid reduce levels of aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae and reduce the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on preevisceration beef carcasses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING PLANT; ANIMAL CARCASSES; SURFACE TISSUE; DECONTAMINATION; PATHOGENS; HIDES; STEAM; SALMONELLA; MICROFLORA; SYSTEMS AB Lactic acid has become the most commonly-used organic acid for treatment of postevisceration beef carcasses. Many processors have also implemented 2% lactic acid washes on preevisceration carcasses. We previously demonstrated that hot water washing and steam vacuuming are effective carcass interventions. Because of the effectiveness of hot water, we compared its use with that of lactic acid as a preevisceration wash in a commercial setting. A commercial hot water carcass wash cabinet applying 74 degrees C (165 degrees F) water for 5.5 s reduced both aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts by 2.7 log CFU/100 cm(2) on preevisceration carcasses. A commercial lactic acid spray cabinet that applied 2% L-lactic acid at approximately 42 degrees C (105 to 110 degrees F) to preevisceration carcasses reduced aerobic, plate counts by 1.6 log CFU/100 cm2 and Enterobacteriaceae counts by 1.0 log CFU/100 cm2. When the two cabinets were in use sequentially, i.e., hot water followed by lactic acid, aerobic plate counts were reduced by 2.2 log CFU/100 cm2 and Enterobacteriaceae counts were reduced by 2.5 log CFU/100 cm(2). Hot water treatments reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 prevalence by 81%, and lactic acid treatments reduced E. coli O157:H7 prevalence by 35%, but the two treatments in combination produced a 79% reduction in E. coli O157:117, a result that was no better than that achieved with hot water alone. These results suggest that hot water would be more beneficial than lactic acid for decontamination of preevisceration beef carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bosilevac@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1808 EP 1813 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 070RR UT WOS:000239541900006 PM 16924903 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Fett, WF AF Ukuku, Dike O. Fett, William F. TI Effects of cell surface charge and hydrophobicity on attachment of 16 Salmonella serovars to cantaloupe rind and decontamination with sanitizers SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; MICROBIAL QUALITY; BACTERIA; WHOLE; GROWTH; WATER AB Adherence of bacteria to cantaloupe rind is favored by surface irregularities such as roughness, crevices, and pits, thus reducing the ability of washing or sanitizer treatments to remove or inactivate attached cells. In this study, we compared the surface charge and hydrophobicity of two cantaloupe-related outbreak strains of Salmonella Poona (RM2350 and G-91-1595) to those of 14 additional Salmonella strains using electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The relative abilities of the 16 strains to attach to cantaloupe surfaces and resist removal by washing with water, chlorine (200 ppm), or hydrogen peroxide (2.5%) for 5 min after a storage period of up to 7 days at 5 to 20 degrees C also were determined. Whole cantaloupes were inoculated with each pathogen at 8.36 log CFU/ml, dried for I h inside a biosafety cabinet, stored, and then subjected to the washing treatments. Only the positive surface charge of the two cantaloupe-related strains of Salmonella Poona was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the other strains. Initial bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces ranged from 3.68 to 4.56 log CFU/cm(2) (highest values for Salmonella Michigan, Newport, Oranienburg, and Mbandaka). The average percentage of the total bacterial population strongly attached to the cantaloupe surface for the Salmonella serovars studied ranged from 0.893 to 0.946 at 5 degrees C and from 0.987 to 0.999 at 25 degrees C. Washing inoculated melons with water did not produce a significant reduction in the concentration of the pathogens (P > 0.05). Chlorine and hydrogen peroxide treatments caused an average 3-log reduction when applied 20 to 40 min postinoculation. However, sanitizer treatments applied 60 min or more postinoculation were less effective (approximately 2.5-log reduction). No significant differences were noted in sanitizer efficacy against the individual strains (P > 0.05). The two cantaloupe-related outbreak Salmonella Poona strains did not significantly differ from the other Salmonella strains tested in negative cell surface charge or hydrophobicity, were not more effective in attaching to whole melon surfaces, and were not more resistant to the various washing treatments when present on rinds. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1835 EP 1843 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 070RR UT WOS:000239541900010 PM 16924907 ER PT J AU Hill, AE Benedetto, SMC Coss, C McCrary, JL Fournet, VM Dubey, JP AF Hill, A. E. Benedetto, S. M. C. Coss, C. McCrary, J. L. Fournet, V. M. Dubey, J. P. TI Effects of time and temperature on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in enhanced pork loin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; UNITED-STATES; SODIUM LACTATE; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; SEROPREVALENCE; QUALITY; SAUSAGE; PIGS; MEAT AB Enhanced or pumped pork products represent a significant proportion (40 to 50%) of the commercially available pork cuts available to consumers at the retail level. In a previous study, pork loins containing viable Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts were pumped with solutions containing 2% sodium chloride or 1.4% or higher potassium or sodium lactate and stored at 4 degrees C for 7 days.-This treatment prevented transmission of T. gondii to cats. In the present study, enhanced pork loins were stored for 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, or 40 h at 4 degrees C and then fed to T gondii-seronegative cats to determine how quickly the loss of tissue cyst viability occurred. In a second experiment, pork loins collected from pigs experimentally infected with T gondii were stored at temperatures found in retail meat cases and then fed to T. gondii-seronegative cats to determine the effect of typical meat case storage temperatures on tissue cyst viability. In both experiments, cat feces were examined for 14 days after the infected meat meal to assess oocyst shedding. The results indicate that solutions containing 2% sodium chloride or 1.4% potassium or sodium lactate are effective within 8 h of injection for killing T gondii tissue cysts in pork loins and that storage at meat case temperatures at or below 0 degrees C (32 degrees F) for 7 days also killed T gondii tissue cysts in pork loins. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hill, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dhill@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1961 EP 1965 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 070RR UT WOS:000239541900027 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S AF Bhaduri, Saumya TI Enrichment, isolation, and virulence of freeze-stressed plasmid-bearing virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica on pork SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GROUND PORK; SWINE; PREVALENCE; MULTIPLEX; SEROTYPES; SURVIVAL; INFANTS; ASSAYS; O-3 AB The influence of freeze stress at -20 degrees C on the enrichment, isolation, detection, presence of virulence plasmid, and expression of virulence of plasmid-bearing Yersinia enterocolitica (YEP+) inoculated on pork chop medallions was assessed. Pork chop medallions (10 cm(2)) artificially contaminated with 10, 1, and 0.5 CFU/cm(2) of YEP+ strains (serotype O:3) were placed in sterile petri dishes at -20 degrees C for 24 h. The medallions were swabbed when frozen, after thawing at room temperature for 1.5 h and after thawing at 4 degrees C for 18 h. Swabs were enriched and YEP+ were detected and isolated using the Congo redbinding and low-calcium-response assays. The YEP+ were isolated under all conditions on pork chop medallions inoculated with 10 CFU/cm(2) and at a level of 1 CFU/cm(2) when thawed at room temperature and at 4 degrees C but not from frozen pork chop medallions. The YEP+ were not isolated from pork chop medallions inoculated with 0.5 CFU/cm(2) and then frozen, whereas YEP+ were recovered when inoculated at this level from pork chop medallions not subjected to freezing. Virulence of the strains isolated from frozen pork chop medallions was confirmed by PCR and the expression of plasmid-associated phenotypes. These results indicate that YEP+ subjected to freezing on pork are potentially capable of causing foodborne illness and that freezing is not a substitute for safe handling and proper cooking of pork. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sbhaduri@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1983 EP 1985 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 070RR UT WOS:000239541900031 PM 16924928 ER PT J AU Kays, SE Morris, JB Kim, Y AF Kays, Sandra E. Morris, J. B. Kim, Yookyung TI Total and soluble dietary fiber variation in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (Guar) genotypes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GUM; METABOLISM AB The endosperm of guar seed is the source of a soluble hydrophilic polysaccharide gum that is used as an emulsifier, thickener and stabilizer in a wide range of foods and is part of the seed total dietary fiber (TDF). This study examined the content and variation in TDF and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in seeds of guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub., accessions with diverse morphological traits. TDF and SDF, respectively, made up 52-58% (n = 9 accessions) and 26-32% (n = 8 accessions) of seed dry weight. Both TDF and SDF displayed significant genotypic variability. The magnitude of the variability indicates the possibility of improving these traits through plant breeding. Variability of protein, lipid, ash and dry matter content of seed was also observed. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Qual Assessment Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM sekays@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 383 EP 391 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2006.00080.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 070GX UT WOS:000239510300007 ER PT J AU Uhlich, GA Luchansky, JB Tamplin, ML Molina-Corral, FJ Anandan, S Porto-Fett, ACS AF Uhlich, Gaylen A. Luchansky, John B. Tamplin, Mark L. Molina-Corral, Francisco J. Anandan, Shivanthi Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. TI Effect of storage temperature on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on Queso Blanco slices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SOFT CHEESES; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; MEXICAN CHEESES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SURVIVAL; MODEL; PH; 30-DEGREES-C; 4-DEGREES-C AB A five-strain cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes (10(4) cfu/mL) was inoculated onto individual vacuum-packaged slices (ca. 50 g each) of a commercial, Hispanic-style cheese, that being Queso Blanco. Growth was determined at appropriate intervals during storage at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C. In general, as the incubation temperature increased, a shorter lag phase duration (LPD) and a faster growth rate (GR) were observed. The LPD values at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C were 65.3, 19.9, 2.1, 8.4 and 11.4 h, respectively. The GR values were 0.011, 0.036, 0.061, 0.090 and 0.099 log cfu/h at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in LPD at 10, 15, 20 and 25C. However, the LPD during growth at 5C was statistically (P <= 0.05) longer than at all other temperatures. The GR values at 20 and 25C were not significantly different from each other, whereas the GR values at 5, 10 and 15C were significantly different from each other as well as from the GR at 20 and 25C (P <= 0.05). The maximum population density (MPD) showed relatively little variation over the range of storage temperatures tested, with an average of 8.38 log cfu/g (SD = 0.33). The results of this study indicate that not even the lowest trial temperature of 5C prevented growth over time of the inoculated L. monocytogenes on this sliced product, and that proper storage and handling procedures are required to prevent the bacterium from contaminating the product and/or to control its growth. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, AC Cuauhtemoc, Chihuahua, Mexico. Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Uhlich, GA (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. EM guhlich@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 202 EP 214 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2006.00043.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 061QS UT WOS:000238888100003 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Levin, CE Choi, SH Kozukue, E Kozukue, N AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, Carol E. Choi, Suk-Hyun Kozukue, Etsuko Kozukue, Nobuyuki TI HPLC analysis of catechins, theaflavins, and alkaloids in commercial teas and green tea dietary supplements: Comparison of water and 80% ethanol/water extracts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; dietary supplements; flavonoids; HPLC; tea leaves ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BRAN EXTRACTS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL BENEFITS; UNITED-STATES; BLACK TEA; CAFFEINE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYPHENOLS; CONSUMPTION AB To help meet the needs of consumers, producers of dietary tea supplements, and researchers for information on health-promoting tea compounds, we compared the following conditions for the extraction of tea leaves and green tea-containing dietary supplements: 80% ethanol/water at 60 degrees C for 15 min and boiled water for 5 min. The following 7 catechins, 4 theaflavins, and 3 alkaloids were seperated in a 70-min single HPLC analysis(-)-epigallocatechin, (-)catechin, (+)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, (-)-catechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline. The following ranges of concentrations of flavonoids (catechins plus theaflavins) in the tea leaves extracted with 80% ethanol were observed (in mg/g): in 32 black teas, 19.8 to 115.1; in 24 green teas, 12.3 to 136.3; in 14 speciality teas, 4.9 to 118.5; in 7 herbal teas, 0 to 46.0. Total alkaloids in all teas ranged from 0 to 32.6 mg/g. Significantly greater amounts of flavonoids were extracted from the tea leaves with aqueous ethanol than with boiled water. Levels of tea catechins in 10 capsules sold as dietary supplements were about 50 to 75% lower than the amounts listed on the labels. Catechin content of 4 commercial green tea extracts ranged from 96 to 696 mg/g. The results make it possible to maximize the extraction of tea compounds to better relate the flavonoid and alkaloid content of teas and dietary tea supplements to their health-promoting effects. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 46 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP C328 EP C337 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00090.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800004 ER PT J AU Jhoo, JW Freeman, JP Ang, CYW Mihalov, JJ AF Jhoo, J. -W. Freeman, J. P. Ang, C. Y. W. Mihalov, J. J. TI Assessment of kavalactones in kava beverage products and aqueous infusions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aqueous infusion; functional beverages; kava; kavalactones; Piper methysticum ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PIPER-METHYSTICUM; EXTRACTS; LACTONES; PYRONES; ANXIETY AB Kava (Piper methysticum Forst.f.) is traditionally used as a beverage for relaxation in social occasions in South Pacific islands. This study was conducted to develop analytical methods for assessing kavalactone content hi functional beverage products containing kava, as well as beverages prepared from kava roots by a traditional method involving infusion (mild extraction) with water. Samples of fruit-flavored beverages were prepared by solid-phase or liquid-liquid extraction to remove interfering substances and the major kavalactones (methysticin, dihydromethysticin, kavain, dihydrokavain, yangonin, and desmethoxyyangonin) were separated and identified by GC-FID and GC/EI-MS. A difference in kavalactone content was observed between the 2 commercial beverage products (37.03 compared with 0.044 mg per serving in 240 mL). Kava beverages prepared fresh by water infusion contained much, higher levels of kavalactones than the commercial products as determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure. The results also demonstrated the isomerization of yangonin (Y) to an acidic aqueous solution, with exposure to light, with the presence of cis-Y in a fruit-flavored beverage containing kava. The implications of the isomerization, of Y on quality and safety aspects have yet to be evaluated. The analytical methods developed In this study are potentially applicable to kavalactone analysis in various nonalcoholic, noncarbonated beverages. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol Anim Resources, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon, South Korea. USDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Jhoo, JW (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM jjhoo@kangwon.ac.kr NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP C345 EP C351 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00102.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800006 ER PT J AU Lee, S Inglett, GE AF Lee, Suyong Inglett, George E. TI Functional characterization of steam jet-cooked beta-glucan-rich barley flour as an oil barrier in frying Batters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barley flour; frying; oil uptake; rheology; steam jet-cooking ID CHICKEN NUGGETS; FRIED FOODS; FAT UPTAKE; STARCH; INGREDIENTS; MECHANISM; QUALITY; COOKING AB The effect of steam jet-cooking on the hydration, pasting, and rheological properties of barley flour was investigated. The thermo-mechanical shear during steam jet-cooking led to significant increases in the water absorption, water solubility, and swelling power of the barley flour. Also, the pasting profile showed elevated initial viscosity and reduced final viscosity. In addition, the suspensions of the steam jet-cooked barley flour demonstrated typical shear thinning and dynamic viscoelastic responses of random coil polysaccharides with entanglements. The steam jet-cooked barley flour was also evaluated as an oil barrier in fried foods. It's incorporation into frying batters increased batter pickup and viscosity while the moisture loss of fried batters was reduced. These combined effects significantly lowered the oil uptake of batters. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM inglett@ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP E308 EP E313 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00121.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800017 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Thippareddi, H Bari, L Inatsu, Y Kawamoto, S Friedman, M AF Juneja, Viiay K. Thippareddi, Harsnavardhan Bari, Latiful Inatsu, Yasuhiro Kawamoto, Shinichi Friedman, Mendel TI Chitosan protects cooked ground beef and turkey against Clostridium perfringens spores during chilling SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; chilling; chitosan; Clostridium perfringens; growth inhibition; turkey ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NATIVE CHITOSAN; ROAST BEEF; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; CHITIN; MEAT; MICROORGANISMS; PRESERVATION; PATHOGENS AB We investigated the inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by the biopolymer chitosan during abusive chilling of cooked ground beef (25% fat) and turkey (7% fat) obtained from a retail store. Chitosan was mixed into the thawed beef or turkey at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, or 3.0% (w/w) along with a heat-activated 3-strain spore cocktail to obtain a final spore concentration of 2 to 3 log(10) CFU/g. Samples (5 g) of the ground beef or turkey mixtures were then vacuum-packaged and cooked to 60 degrees C in 1 h in an temperature-controlled water bath. Thereafter, the products were cooled from 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C in 12, 15, 18, or 21 h, resulting in 4.21, 4.51, 5.03, and 4.70 log(10) CFU/g increases, respectively, in C.perfringens populations in the ground beef control samples without chitosan. The corresponding increases for ground turkey were 5.27, 4.52, 5.11, and 5.38 log(10) CFU/g. Addition of chitosan to beef or turkey resulted in concentration- and time-dependent inhibition in the C.perfringens spore germination and outgrowth. At 3%, chitosan reduced by 4 to 5 log(10) CFU/g C.perfringens spore germination and outgrowth (P <= 0.05) during exponential cooling of the cooked beef or turkey in 12, 15, or 18 h. The reduction was significantly lower (P < 0.05) at a chilling time of 21 h, about 2 log(10) CFU/g, that is, 7.65 log(10) CFU/g (unsupplemented) compared with 5.59 log(10) CFU/g (3% chitosan). The results suggest that incorporation of 3% chitosan into ground beef or turkey may reduce the potential risk of C.perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during abusive cooling from 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C in 12, 15, or 18 h. C1 USDA ARS, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjuneia@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP M236 EP M240 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00109.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800033 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Feng, H Kushad, MM Fan, XT AF Kim, Hyun Jung Feng, Hao Kushad, Mosbah M. Fan, Xuetong TI Effects of ultrasound, irradiation, and acidic electrolyzed water on germination of alfalfa and broccoli seeds and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa seeds; broccoli seeds; electrolyzed water; irradiation; ultrasound ID CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; SALMONELLA; SPROUTS; QUALITY; REDUCTION; EFFICACY; OZONE; INACTIVATION AB The ability of power ultrasound, acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), and gamma irradiation to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated onto alfalfa and broccoli seeds was examined. The treatment conditons under which the alfalfa and broccoli seeds treated with sterile deionized water (SW), AEW, ultrasound cleaning tank (UST), untrasound probe (USP), and irradiation (IR) would retain a germination percentage of > 75% were first determined for each disinfection hurdle E.coli O157:H7 inactivation tests were then conducted with the experimental conditions determined in the germination tests to find out the maximum inactivation ability of each disinfection hurdle. AEW treatment at 55 degrees C for 10 min reduced E.coli O157:H7 population by 3.4 and 3.3 log CFU/g for the alfalfa and broccoli seeds, respectively. IR at 8 kGy resulted in a 5-log reduction with seed germination of > 85% for both seed types, but a reduction in the length and thickness of the sprouts was observed. None of the ultrasound treatments achieved over a 2-log reduction in E. coli O157:H7 population without lowering the germination to below 85%. The results of this study demonstrated that AEW and ultrasound, when applied individually or in combination with thermal treatment at 55 degrees C, were not able to deliver a satisfactory inactivation of E.coli O157:H7. A combination of several hurdles must be used to achieve a complete elimination of E.coli O157:H7 cells on alfalfa and broccoli seeds. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM haofeng@uiuc.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP M168 EP M173 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00064.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800022 ER PT J AU Zhou, B McEvoy, JL Luo, YG Saftner, RA Feng, H Beltran, T AF Zhou, Bin McEvoy, James L. Luo, Yaguang Saftner, Robert A. Feng, Hao Beltran, Tony TI 1-methylcyclopropene counteracts ethylene-induced microbial growth on fresh-cut watermelon SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1-methylcyclopropene; 1-MCP; Citrullus lanatus; ethylene; watermelon ID CITRULLUS-LANATUS FRUIT; QUALITY; IMMATURE; SOAKING; APPLE AB The effects of exogenous ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), or both on microbial growth on watermelon fruit and watermelon slices were investigated. Freshly harvested seedless watermelons (Citrullus lanatus, cv. Sugar Heart) were treated with 0.5 or 1.0 ppm 1-MCP, 10 ppm ethylene, 1-MCP + ethylene, or left untreated as controls. Fruits were processed into wedge-shaped slices, packaged into rigid trays sealed with a polyethylene film with a 29.2 pmol s(-1) m(-2) Pa-1 oxygen transmission rate. The slices were evaluated after 0-, 6-, and 12-d storages at 5 degrees C. Ethylene treatment alone increased the populations of aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts and molds on the packaged slices during storage compared to those on corresponding control slices and resulted in extensive juice leakage from the slices. The ethylene treatment also resulted in high aerobic bacterial counts throughout the flesh of whole melons compared to the controls. Treating watermelons with 0.5 or 1.0 ppm 1-MCP prior to ethylene exposure counteracted the deleterious effects of ethylene. Extending the time from harvest to 1-MCP treatment increased the population of aerobic bacteria, but had no detectable effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria or yeasts and molds. The results indicate that low concentrations (0.5 or 1.0 ppm) of 1-MCP can be used on whole watermelon to avoid deleterious effects of exogenous ethylene to which the melons could be exposed during shipping or storage. C1 USDA, ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab,Plant Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. AgroFresh Inc, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. RP Zhou, B (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab,Plant Sci Inst, Bldg 002,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcevoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP M180 EP M184 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00081.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800024 ER PT J AU Thayer, DW Boyd, G Fett, WF AF Thayer, Donald W. Boyd, Glenn Fett, William F. TI Synergy between irradiation and chlorination in killing of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157 : H7, and Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE chlorine; E. coli; gamma-radiation; L. monocytogenes; Salmonella ID SEEDS; IDENTIFICATION; SPROUTS AB The objectives of the studies were to determine if radiation and chlorine acted in a simple additive process or if a nonadditive increase in inactivation occurred when chlorination followed gamma-irradiation both in vitro and in situ. Separate studies evaluated the effects of gamma-irradiation (0.2 kGy at 20 degrees C), chlorination (0.5 ppm for 10 min), or irradiation followed by chlorination of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 Ent C9490, or Listeria monocytogenes cells suspended on membrane filters. Cocktails of Salmonella enterica serovars: Anatum, Infantis, Newport, and, Stanley or of L monocytogenes isolates: ATCC 7644, 15313, 43256, and 49594 (Scott A) were used. In each case, greater inactivation was observed from irradiation followed by chlorination than was predicted from the sum of the, inactivation of the 2 treatments when applied separately. Inactivation of Salmonella cells was determined also, with the pathogens adsorbed onto alfalfa seeds. Analysis of results of 3 sets of experiments with Salmonella adsorbed, onto alfalfa seeds also led to the conclusion that the combination treatments were synergistic and produced a greater inactivation than were expected from the sums of the treatments although experiments with larger number of seeds gave less evidence of synergy. The effectiveness of both interventions against Salmonella was significantly reduced when the pathogen was on alfalfa seeds. C1 USDA, ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Thayer, DW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dwscthaver@aol.com NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP R83 EP R87 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00062.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800001 ER PT J AU Bechtel, PJ Oliveira, ACM AF Bechtel, Peter J. Oliveira, Alexandra C. M. TI Chemical characterization of liver lipid and protein from cold-water fish species SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acids; fatty acid; fish byproducts; fish liver; liver lipid; liver protein ID FATTY-ACIDS; BY-PRODUCTS; OIL; COD; SEPARATION; VISCERA; SALMON; DIETS AB The largest US harvests of marine fish for human consumption are from Alaska waters. Livers from these fish are combined with other fish offal and made into fish meal and oil or discarded. The purpose of this study was to characterize liver lipids and proteins from important commercial species including walleye pollock (WP), pink salmon (PS), Pacific halibut (PH), flat head sole (FS), and spiny head rock fish (RF), and underutilized species including arrow tooth flounder (AF) and big mouth sculpin (BS). Liver lipid content ranged from 50.3% in WP to 3.3% in PS. Protein content ranged from 7.7% in WP to 18.4% in BS. PS livers had the highest content of omega-3 fatty acids at 336 mg/g of oil and AF had the lowest content at 110 mg/g of oil. There were significant differences in the content of 9 amino acids, respectively. Protein from the cold water marine fish livers was of high quality and the oils contained substantial quantities of omega-3 fatty acids, Fish livers had distinct chemical properties and can be used for the development of unique food ingredients. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99615 USA. RP Bechtel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bechtel@sfos.uaf.edu NR 26 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP S480 EP S485 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00076.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800044 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Hareland, GA Wu, YV AF Shogren, R. L. Hareland, G. A. Wu, Y. V. TI Sensory evaluation and composition of spaghetti fortified with soy flour SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flavor; pasta; soy flour; texture; wheat flour ID FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE; CORN GLUTEN MEAL; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; EDIBLE LEGUMES; SWEET-POTATO; PASTA; QUALITY; PRODUCTS; FOODS; FORTIFICATION AB Spaghetti was prepared from durum wheat supplemented with soy flour in order to make an inexpensive, highly nutritious food and to determine the effects of high levels of soy flour on taste and textural attributes. Up to 50% soy flour was incorporated into spaghetti, resulting in a protein content of 33.5% (compared with 15.4% for control without soy) and a lysine content of 1.75% (compared with 0.41% for control). Sensory analysis of enriched spaghetti containing up to 35% soy flour indicated no significant difference in flavor and texture compared with control without soy, in general. Spaghetti with 50% soy flour had slightly higher beany and bitter flavors compared with control. This study showed that a high-protein and high-lysine spaghetti can be made with 35% soy flour without adverse effect on flavor and texture and should result in greater acceptability of soy-based foods. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Wheat Qual Lab, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Agr Res Ctr, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shogrerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP S428 EP S432 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00061.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080ZK UT WOS:000240286800035 ER PT J AU Murthy, GS Singh, V Johnston, DB Rausch, KD Tumbleson, ME AF Murthy, Ganti S. Singh, Vijay Johnston, David B. Rausch, Kent D. Tumbleson, M. E. TI Improvement in fermentation characteristics of degermed ground corn by lipid supplementation SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE modified dry grind process; anaerobic fermentation; ethanol; lipid supplements; distillers dried grain with solubles ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FIBER; STRESS; GROWTH; OIL AB With rapid growth of fuel ethanol industry, and concomitant increase in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), new corn fractionation technologies that reduce DDGS volume and produce higher value co-products in dry grind ethanol process have been developed. One of the technologies, a dry degerm, defiber (3D) process (similar to conventional corn dry milling) was used to separate germ and pericarp fiber prior to the endosperm fraction fermentation. Recovery of germ and pericarp fiber in the 3D process results in removal of lipids from the fermentation medium. Biosynthesis of lipids, which is important for cell growth and viability, cannot proceed in strictly anaerobic fermentations. The effects of ten different lipid supplements on improving fermentation rates and ethanol yields were studied and compared to the conventional dry grind process. Endosperm fraction (from the 3D process) was mixed with water and liquefied by enzymatic hydrolysis and was fermented using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The highest ethanol concentration (13.7% v/v) was achieved with conventional dry grind process. Control treatment (endosperm fraction from 3D process without lipid supplementation) produced the lowest ethanol concentration (11.2% v/v). Three lipid treatments (fatty acid ester, alkylphenol, and ethoxylated sorbitan ester 1836) were most effective in improving final ethanol concentrations. Fatty acid ester treatment produced the highest final ethanol concentration (12.3% v/v) among all lipid supplementation treatments. Mean final ethanol concentrations of alkylphenol and ethoxylated sorbitan ester 1836 supplemented samples were 12.3 and 12.0% v/v, respectively. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 360G,AESB,1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu RI Murthy, Ganti/C-8993-2011; Murthy, Ganti /P-5272-2015 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 8 BP 655 EP 660 DI 10.1007/s10295-006-0109-0 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 072MQ UT WOS:000239677900003 PM 16550435 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Dietary fat, carbohydrate, and protein: effects on plasma lipoprotein patterns SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE macronutrients; kinetics; trans fatty acids; saturated fatty acids; monounsaturated fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; omega-3 fatty acids; cardiovascular disease; diet ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; NCEP EXPERT PANEL; WEIGHT-LOSS; SERUM-LIPIDS; FISH CONSUMPTION AB In general, under isoweight conditions, different types of dietary protein or individual amino acids have little effect on lipoprotein patterns. Dietary carbohydrate tends to increase plasma triglyceride when it displaces fat, accompanied by a decrease in HDL cholesterol concentrations. Potential differential effects of types of carbohydrate are difficult to assess because of differences in rates of absorption and confounding of dietary fiber. Saturated fatty acids increase LDL and HDL cholesterol, whereas trans fatty acids increase LDL but not HDL cholesterol. Unsaturated fatty acids decrease LDL and HDL cholesterol, polyunsaturated more so than monounsaturated. There has been considerable interest in the potential benefit of major shifts in dietary macronutrients on weight loss and lipoprotein patterns. Short-term data favor substituting protein and fat for carbohydrate, whereas long-term data have failed to show a benefit for weight loss. During an active weight loss period low carbohydrate diets more favorably affect triglyceride and HDL and less favorably affect LDL cholesterol concentrations. Additional efforts need to be focused on gaining a better understanding of the effect of dietary macronutrient profiles on established and emerging cardiovascular disease risk factors, mechanisms for changes observed and contributors to individual variability. Such data are needed to allow reassessment and, if necessary, modification of current recommendations. C1 Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54727] NR 96 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1661 EP 1667 DI 10.1194/jlr.R6000196-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 077IS UT WOS:000240023100007 PM 16738356 ER PT J AU Lee, HD Bae, H Kang, IK Byun, JK Kang, SG AF Lee, Dong Hoon Bae, Hanhong Kang, In-Kyu Byun, Jae-Kyun Kang, Sang Gu TI Characterization of an apple polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) that specifically inhibits an endopolygalacturonase (PG) purified from apple fruits infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP); polygalacturonase (PG); apple; Malus domestica; Glomerella cingulata; Botryosphaeria dothidea; enzyme assay ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FUNGAL POLYGALACTURONASES; CELL-WALLS; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; BARTLETT; ENZYMES; ACID AB An apple polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP), which specifically inhibits endopolygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15) from Botryosphaeria dothidea, was purified from Botryosphaeria dothidea-infected apple (Malus domestica cv. Fuji) fruits. The purified apple PGIP had a molecular mass of 40 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein showed high homologies to those of PGIP from pear (100%), tomato (70%), and bean (65%). We also purified polygalacturonase (PG) from B. dothidea. The PG hydrolyzes pectic components of plant cell walls. When the extracted apple pectic cell wall material was treated with purified apple PGIP and B. dothidea PG the amount of uronic acid released was lower than that treated with B. dothidea PG alone. This result demonstrates that PGIP functions specifically by inhibiting cell wall maceration of B. dothidea PG. Furthermore, we characterized the de novo function of the PGIP against PG on the solubilization and depolymerization of polyuronides from cell wall of apple fruits inoculated with B. dothidea. This result demonstrated that the PGIP of plants exhibits one of the direct defense mechanisms against pathogen attack by inhibiting PGs that are released from pathogens for hydrolysis of cell wall components of plants. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Yeungnam Univ, Dept Hort, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Sangju Natl Univ, Dept Environm Hort, Sangju, South Korea. Natl Inst Subrtrop Agr, Citrus Res Div, RDA, Jejudo, South Korea. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kang, SG (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM kangsg@ynu.ac.kr NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 EI 1738-8872 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1192 EP 1200 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 078NT UT WOS:000240111200005 ER PT J AU Gupte, SA Levine, RJ Gupte, RS Young, ME Lionetti, V Labinskyy, V Floyd, BC Qjaimi, C Bellomo, M Wolin, MS Recchia, FA AF Gupte, Sachin A. Levine, Robert J. Gupte, Rakhee S. Young, Martin E. Lionetti, Vincenzo Labinskyy, Volodymyr Floyd, Beverly C. Qjaimi, Caroline Bellomo, Michelle Wolin, Michael S. Recchia, Fabio A. TI Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-derived NADPH fuels superoxide production in the failing heart SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heart failure; NADPH oxidase; glucose-6-phosphate; pentose phosphate pathway ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; MYOCARDIAL FATTY-ACID; NAD(P)H OXIDASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CORONARY-ARTERIES; BOVINE CORONARY; ANGIOTENSIN-II; FAILURE; METABOLISM AB In the failing heart, NADPH oxidase and uncoupled NO synthase utilize cytosolic NADPH to form superoxide. NADPH is supplied principally by the pentose phosphate pathway, whose rate-limiting enzyme is glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Therefore, we hypothesized that cardiac G6PD activation drives part of the excessive superoxide production implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Pacing-induced heart failure was performed in eight chronically instrumented dogs. Seven normal dogs served as control. End-stage failure occurred after 28 +/- 1 days of pacing, when left ventricular end-diastolic pressure reached 25 mm Hg. In left ventricular tissue homogenates, spontaneous superoxide generation measured by lucigenin (5 mu M) chemiluminescence was markedly increased in heart failure (1338 +/- 419 vs. 419 +/- 102 AU/mg protein, P < 0.05), as were NADPH levels (15.4 +/- 1.5 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.5 mu mol/gww, P < 0.05). Superoxide production was further stimulated by the addition of NADPH. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91(ds-tat) (50 mu M) and the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (1 mM) both significantly lowered superoxide generation in failing heart homogenates by 80% and 76%, respectively. G6PD was upregulated and its activity higher in heart failure compared to control (0.61 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.03 nmol/min/mg protein, P < 0.05), while superoxide production decreased to normal levels in the presence of the G6PD inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide. We conclude that the activation of myocardial G6PD is a novel mechanism that enhances NADPH availability and fuels superoxide-generating enzymes in heart failure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 New York Med Coll, Dept Physiol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. Scuola Super Sant Anna, Sector Med, Pisa, Italy. RP Gupte, SA (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Dept Physiol, BSB Room 626, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. EM sachin_gupte@nymc.edu RI Recchia, Fabio/F-2315-2010; OI Lionetti, Vincenzo/0000-0002-0640-8651 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL-74237, HL-66331, HL-31069] NR 40 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2828 EI 1095-8584 J9 J MOL CELL CARDIOL JI J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.05.003 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Cell Biology GA 074WK UT WOS:000239842300017 PM 16828794 ER PT J AU Swain, JH Johnson, LK Hunt, JR AF Swain, James H. Johnson, LuAnn K. Hunt, Janet R. TI An irradiated electrolytic iron fortificant is poorly absorbed by humans and is less responsive than FeSO4 to the enhancing effect of ascorbic acid SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci ID TASK-FORCE REPORT; ELEMENTAL IRON; NONHEME-IRON; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; CARBONYL IRON; REDUCED IRON; BLOOD VOLUME; DOUBLE-BLIND; RED CELL; ABSORPTION AB Despite extensive use, information on the bioavailability of elemental iron powders to humans, as influenced by dose and other dietary constituents, is limited. Three experiments were conducted to assess the absorption of electrolytic iron powder relative to FeSO4, as affected by iron dose and by ascorbic or phytic acid. Iron absorption by 56 volunteers was measured from a farina cereal breakfast radiolabeled with (FeSO4)-Fe-59 or an electrolytic Fe-55 powder irradiated by neutron activation. Absorption was determined from whole-body counting (Fe-59) and blood isotope incorporation 2 wk later. Absorption of iron from the irradiated electrolytic powder was 5-15% that of FeSO4. Ascorbic acid (similar to 160 mg) enhanced iron absorption from FeSO4 by almost 4-fold but only doubled absorption from electrolytic iron (P for interaction < 0.01). Phytic acid from wheat bran inhibited iron absorption from FeSO4 and electrolytic iron by 73 and 50%, respectively (P for interaction, NS). Compared with 3 mg, a 20-mg dose reduced fractional absorption from FeSO4, but not electrolytic iron (P for interaction < 0.0001). Despite a much higher bioavailability (50% relative to FeSO4) of this same electrolytic iron when tested previously in a pig model, the bioavailability of the irradiated electrolytic iron was poor in humans. The diminished influence of ascorbic acid on the absorption of less soluble iron sources such as elemental iron powders may be an important consideration when choosing iron fortificants. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 136 IS 8 BP 2167 EP 2174 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 068IG UT WOS:000239366300009 PM 16857836 ER PT J AU Maziya-Dixon, BB Akinyele, IO Sanusi, RA Oguntona, TE Nokoe, SK Harris, EW AF Maziya-Dixon, Busie B. Akinyele, Isaac O. Sanusi, Rasaki A. Oguntona, Tunde E. Nokoe, Sagary K. Harris, Ellen W. TI Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent in children less than 5 y of age in Nigeria SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Internation-Vitamin-A-Consultative-Group Meeting CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Lima, PERU SP Int Vitamin A Consultat Grp ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; LEAFY VEGETABLES; BETA-CAROTENE; DARK-GREEN; SERUM; COMMUNITY; MORTALITY; RETINOL AB Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious and widespread public health problem in developing countries. We conducted a nationwide food consumption and nutrition survey in Nigeria to help fomulate strategies to address VAD, among other deficiencies. One objectives was to assess the vitamin A status of children < 5 y old. A total of 6480 households with a mother and child < 5 y old were randomly sampled. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture and processed to obtain serum for measurement of retinol concentration by HPLC. Nationwide, 29.5% of children < 5 y old were vitamin A deficient (serum retinol < 0.70 mu mol/L). The proportions of children with VAD differed among the agroecological zones; incidences were 31.3% in the dry savanna, 24.0% in the moist savanna, and 29.9% in the humid forest (P < 0.001). More children (P < 0.05) with severe deficiency (serum retinol < 0.35 mu mol/L) lived in the humid forest (7.1 %) than in the dry (3.1 %) or moist savanna (2.4 %). The distribution of VA in children < 5 y old was 25.6% in the rural sector, 32.6% in the medium, and 25.9% in the urban sector (P < 0.05). In conclusion, VAD is a severe public health problem in Nigeria. Although the proportion of children with low serum vitamin A levels varies agroecologically and across sectors, it is an important public health problem in all zones and sectors. C1 Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria. Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Dept Human Nutr, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria. Univ Agr Abeokuta, Dept Nutr, Abeoukuta, Ogun, Nigeria. Univ Dev Studies, Navrongo, Ghana. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Maziya-Dixon, BB (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria. EM bdixon@cgiar.org NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 136 IS 8 BP 2255 EP 2261 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 068IG UT WOS:000239366300023 PM 16857850 ER PT J AU Finch, D Hawksworth, D Galloway, J AF Finch, D. Hawksworth, D. Galloway, J. TI Avian responses to exotic woody plants and their removal along a river in and southwest USA SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM dfinch@fs.fed.us; Jgalloway@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200261 ER PT J AU Pidgeon, A Radeloff, V Lepezyk, C Flather, C Hammer, R AF Pidgeon, A. Radeloff, V Lepezyk, C. Flather, C. Hammer, R. TI Understanding the effects of rural sprawl on bird communities SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM apidgeon@wisc.edu; cflather@fs.fed.us; rhammer-@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200310 ER PT J AU Currie, D Wunderle, JM Ewert, DN AF Currie, D. Wunderle Jr, J. M. Ewert, D. N. TI The response of wintering Kirtland's Warblers to food patch dynamics in The Bahamas and its implications for conservation on the wintering grounds. SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Sabana Field Res Stn, Int Inst Trop Forestry,Puerto Rico Conservat Fdn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. EM kirtlands@coralwave.com; wunderle@coqui.net; dewert@tnc.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 98 EP 99 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200326 ER PT J AU Wunderle, JM Henriques, LMP Willig, MR AF Wunderle Jr, J. M. Henriques, L. M. P. Willig, M. R. TI Short-term responses of birds to reduced-impact logging in a lowland Amazon forest: Can reduced-impact methods help to retain avian biodiversity in tropical timber production forests? SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ecol Program, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM wunderle@coqui.net; Magalli@museu-goeldi.br; willig@ttu.edu NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 114 EP 115 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200379 ER PT J AU Cavalcante, GT Aguiar, DM Chiebao, D Dubey, JP Ruiz, VLA Dias, RA Camargo, LMA Labruna, MB Gennari, SM AF Cavalcante, G. T. Aguiar, D. M. Chiebao, D. Dubey, J. P. Ruiz, V. L. A. Dias, R. A. Camargo, L. M. A. Labruna, M. B. Gennari, S. M. TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats and pigs from rural Western Amazon, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC TESTS; TISSUE CYSTS; INFECTION; RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS; OOCYSTS; HUMANS AB Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 63 cats and 80 pigs from 71 farms located at Rondonia State, Western Amazon, Brazil, by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies (MAT >= 1:25) were found in 55 of 63 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 2, 1:100 in 7, 1:200 in 1, 1:400 in 2, 1:800 in 9, 1:1,600 in 6, and 1:3,200 or higher in 26 cats. By IFAT, antibodies were found in 55 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 1, 1:100 in 4, 1:200 in 4, 1: 400 in 1, 1:800 in 13, 1:1,600 in 12, and 1:3,200 or higher in 18 cats. In pig sera, by MAT. antibodies were found in 30 of 80 pigs (37.5%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 3, 1:100 in 2, 1:200 in 8, 1:400 in 3, 1:800 in 5, 1:1,600 in 3, and 1:3,200 or higher in 4 pigs. By using the IFAT (titers >= 1:64), antibodies were found in 35 (43.7%) pigs. The ingestion of undercooked tissues of infected pigs can be a source of T gondii infection for humans and cats. However, the high seroprevalence of T. gondii in cats from the Amazon seems most likely to be indicative of high contamination of the environment by oocysts. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed 5, Nucl Avancado Pesquisas, BR-78965000 Rondonia, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gennari, SM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed 5, Nucl Avancado Pesquisas, Rua Francisco Prestes 1234, BR-78965000 Rondonia, Brazil. EM sgennari@usp.br RI Camargo, Luis/B-4156-2009; Ruiz, Vera Letticie/F-8962-2012; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Labruna, Marcelo/B-6241-2013; Dias, Ricardo/D-5977-2013; Aguiar, Daniel/F-1268-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Labruna, Marcelo/0000-0002-9675-3132; Aguiar, Daniel/0000-0001-8631-522X NR 16 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 92 IS 4 BP 863 EP 864 DI 10.1645/GE-830R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 081MD UT WOS:000240320800028 PM 16995406 ER PT J AU Mattos, D Quaggio, JA Cantarella, H Alva, AK Graetz, DA AF Mattos, D., Jr. Quaggio, J. A. Cantarella, H. Alva, A. K. Graetz, D. A. TI Response of young citrus trees on selected rootstocks to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE orange; nutrient management; recommendation; fruit yield ID YIELD AB The majority of the citriculture in Brazil is located in the state of Sao Paulo, with a total production area of 700,000 ha. Trees are grafted mostly on 'Rangpur' lime (RL; Citrus limonia Osbeck) rootstock. Despite its good horticultural performance, use of other rootstocks has increased with the search for disease-tolerant varieties to improve grove productivity and longevity. Furthermore, there is a lack of information on young tree response to fertilization, and optimal nutrient requirements of different scion/rootstock combinations for maximum fruit yield. A network of field experiments was conducted to study the differential response of young sweet orange trees on selected rootstocks to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization. The application of soil and leaf analyses to develop optimal fertilizer recommendations was evaluated. Experiments were conducted in three locations using fractional factorial design of one-half (4 x 4 x 4) type with four rates of N, P, or K calculated to be applied for five years after tree planting. Fruit yield response was evaluated during the last two years and correlated with soil and leaf analyses data. The trees on RL rootstock demonstrated increased efficiency of nutrient use and fruit production compared with those on 'Cleopatra' mandarin (CL; C. reshni hort. ex Tanaka) or 'Swingle' citrumelo [SW; Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x C. x paradisi Macfad.] rootstocks. The trees on SW rootstock appeared to require greater N and K rates than those on RL rootstock. Phosphorus requirement was greater for 'Natal' or 'Valencia' trees on CL than on RL rootstock. These results will become the basis for revising current fertilizer recommendation guidelines for young trees in Brazil. C1 IAC, Ctr Citros Sylvio Moreira, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. IAC, Ctr Solos & Recursos Agroambient, Campinas, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop & Res Unit, Prosser, WA USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Mattos, D (reprint author), IAC, Ctr Citros Sylvio Moreira, Rod Anhanguera Km 158, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. EM ddm@centrodecitricultura.br RI Mattos Jr, Dirceu/F-3217-2012; OI Mattos Jr, Dirceu/0000-0002-6149-9189; Cantarella, Heitor/0000-0002-1894-3029 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1371 EP 1385 DI 10.1080/01904160600830159 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 073RI UT WOS:000239759900002 ER PT J AU James, WD Showler, AT Westbrook, JK Armstrong, JS AF James, W. D. Showler, A. T. Westbrook, J. K. Armstrong, J. S. TI Stable isotope tracer marking of individual boll weevils SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences (NAMLS-8) CY APR 17-22, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Soc Brasileira Metrol ID FLOW AB Stable isotope markers have been used to study animal nutrition for several decades and more recently to study the foraging and cultural habits of imported fire ants. In this work, we have extended that effort to evaluate the potential for marking boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with the rare earth element samarium to aid in studies of insect invasion and pest eradication protocols. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was performed on the marked boll weevils as well as plant material from the cotton squares on which the insects were fed. Samarium levels in non-dosed insects average about 20 ng/g or about 100 pg total element per insect. Our computed average determination limit was 36 pg samarium/weevil. The determination limit for cotton plant squares and leaves averaged 3.5 ng/g and 8.2 ng/g, respectively. These initial results indicate the NAA method is capable of identifying individual marked insects which have assimilated 1 ng of samarium, a ten-fold increase in content over average blank values. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Chem Characterizat & Anal, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. RP James, WD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Chem Characterizat & Anal, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wd-james@tamu.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 269 IS 2 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-0377-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 076LX UT WOS:000239960900004 ER PT J AU Schirack, AV Drake, M Sanders, TH Sandeep, KP AF Schirack, Andriana V. Drake, Maryanne Sanders, Timothy H. Sandeep, K. P. TI Impact of microwave blanching on the flavor of roasted peanuts SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID FREEZE DAMAGE; TEMPERATURE; VOLATILES; MATURITY AB Microwave blanching of peanuts was proposed as an attractive alternative to traditional techniques of blanching, because of energy and time savings. However, the occurrence of a processing-related off-flavor has been reported. This study examined the effect of processing factors during microwave blanching on the MC and sensory characteristics of the peanuts. The peanuts reached a range of internal temperatures during microwave blanching treatments between 4 and 11 min. A total offnote attribute was introduced to the peanut lexicon and was used successfully to differentiate the effects of microwave treatments. The microwave-associated off-flavor was related (but not identical) to cardboardy/stale flavor, and was related inversely to the positive flavor attributes roasted peanutty, sweet aromatic and sweet taste. Peanuts reaching the highest internal temperatures and greatest moisture losses during blanching exhibited the most total offnote flavor; however, temperatures as high as 113C did not produce significantly increased total offnote intensity. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mdrake@unity.ncsu.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0887-8250 J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 428 EP 440 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2006.00075.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 065WR UT WOS:000239191300003 ER PT J AU Camara, MD Allen, SK Carnegie, RB Reece, KS AF Camara, Mark D. Allen, Standish K., Jr. Carnegie, Ryan B. Reece, Kimberly S. TI Out-crossing among commercial strains of the Northern quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria: Survival, growth and implications for selective breeding SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mercenaria mercenaria; hard clam; Northern quahog; breeding; genetics; heterosis; inbreeding ID OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; JUVENILE GROWTH; PACIFIC OYSTER; GENETIC-VARIATION; HERITABILITY; GENOTYPE; TRAITS; LARVAL; STOCKS AB Because the accumulation of inbreeding within hatchery-propagated stocks of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), could result in reduced growth and survival, we studied the potential for improving performance through out-crossing among existing hatchery strains. We produced all 10 possible out-crossed combinations among 5 strains of clams as well as all 5 pure parental strains simultaneously in the hatchery and measured their size at the time of metamorphosis (the spat stage) and at the end of a nursery period in mesh bags at a single field site (the seed stage). We then planted replicate plots of all fifteen strains at five field sites in Virginia, USA encompassing the range of salinity conditions used by commercial growers, and monitored growth and survival for two growing seasons. We found significant phenotypic differences among strains at the spat and seed stage, but different strains performed best at each stage. In the field we found significant site effects, strain effects and strain-by-site interactions, but there was no evidence of negative correlations in performance among sites indicating strong trade-offs that would be problematic for selective breeding. Three different linear contrasts designed to compare out-crossed and pure strains for each parental stock, test for nonadditive genetic effects within each pairing of different parental strains, and estimate the general combining ability of parental strains reveal a complex pattern. We found both inbreeding and out-breeding depression depending on the developmental stage of the clams and the parental strain examined. Within strain crosses generally produced larger spat but smaller seed. Out-crossed progeny were generally smaller at the spat stage than the average of their parental lines but larger at the seed stage. The two best performing parental strains had significant, positive, general combining abilities, whereas this measure was negative for the two worst parental strains. In the field, inbreeding depression was restricted to lines that showed poor pure strain performance, and these strains also showed poor general combining ability, whereas strains with good pure line performance showed out-breeding depression and good general combining ability. Only the poorest performing pure parental lines showed non-additive effects when we compared each out-crossed strain to the mean of its parental strains, suggesting that heterotic effects are unlikely to be useful for selective breeding. Finally, there were significant correlations between seed measurements and field performance indicating that it may be possible, in the context of selective breeding programs, to weed out inferior strains or families early in the life cycle. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Camara, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Mark.Camara@oregonstate.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 403 EP 416 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2006)25[403:OACSOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 071OI UT WOS:000239611100007 ER PT J AU Singh, H Rockall, A Martin, CR Chung, OK Lookhart, GL AF Singh, H. Rockall, A. Martin, C. R. Chung, O. K. Lookhart, G. L. TI The analysis of stress relaxation data of some viscoelastic foods using a texture analyzer SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES LA English DT Article DE dough; stress relaxation; texture analysis; viscoelasticity ID SOLID FOODS AB Uniaxial compression test for dough and several commercial products like jello, mozzarella cheese, cheddar cheese, tofu and sausage (cooked and uncooked) was performed using a texture analyzer (TA). Percent stress relaxation (%SR ), k1 (initial rate of relaxation), k2 (extent of relaxation) and relaxation time (RT) were calculated and compared for different products. The TA software was used to convert the raw SR data into a linear form. Constants k1 and k2 were determined from the intercept and slope of the linear data. Higher values of %SR and k2 (90 and 9, respectively) indicated higher elasticity for jello, whereas wheat flour dough samples showed the lowest values (20-30) for %SR and 1 to 2 for k2. The RT and k1 values were not good indicators for differentiating different products based on their viscoelastic behavior. Measurement of RT was limited by the maximum time for which the data were collected, whereas k1, because of its mathematical form, needed careful interpretation. In this study, %SR was found to be a good measure to interpret viscoelasticity of different food samples. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Sch Kinesiol & Nutr Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Stable Micro Syst Ltd, Surrey GU7 1YL, England. ARS, Engn Res Unit, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. ARS, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Singh, H (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Sch Kinesiol & Nutr Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. EM hsingh2@calstatela.edu NR 10 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4901 J9 J TEXTURE STUD JI J. Texture Stud. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2006.00058.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 074SE UT WOS:000239831300003 ER PT J AU Dietrich, M Traber, MG Jacques, PF Cross, CE Hu, YQ Block, G AF Dietrich, Marion Traber, Maret G. Jacques, Paul F. Cross, Carroll E. Hu, Youqing Block, Gladys TI Does gamma-tocopherol play a role in the primary prevention of heart disease and cancer? A review SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE gamma-tocopherol; anti-inflammatory effects; dietary vitamin E; plasma gamma-tocopherol; human cardiovascular disease; cancer ID VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PROSTATE-CANCER; BIOMARKER F-2-ISOPROSTANES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SERUM MICRONUTRIENTS; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; RISK; PLASMA; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Vitamin E consists of a group of eight isomers, four tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-tocopherol) and four tocotrienols (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-tocotrienol). While extensive literature has been published on the potential health benefits of a-tocopherol, little is known about gamma-tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in food in the U.S. gamma-tocopherol has recently received more research attention based on findings from in vitro and animal studies indicating that it has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Based on these recent studies, it is important to investigate the possible health benefits of gamma-tocopherol in humans. In this article, we review publications on dietary gamma-tocopherol intake, plasma gamma-tocopherol levels, cardiovascular disease and cancer risk in humans. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Dept Nutr & Food Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dietrich, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Marion.Dietrich@tufts.edu RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07651-17]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES011985] NR 31 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 292 EP 299 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084YJ UT WOS:000240570000002 PM 16943450 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Han, SN Meydani, M Meydani, SN AF Wu, Dayong Han, Sung Nim Meydani, Mohsen Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Effect of concomitant consumption of fish oil and vitamin E on T cell mediated function in the elderly: A randomized double-blind trial SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; fish oil; n-3 fatty acids; immune function; aging ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; E SUPPLEMENTATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OLD MICE; PLASMA; WOMEN; DIETS; FAT; AGE AB Objectives: To, determine if concomitant consumption of fish oil and vitamin E would modify the vitamin E level needed for improving T cell mediated function in elderly. Methods: A randomized and double-blind study was conducted using 40 healthy male and female elderly subjects (> 65 y) who were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (n = 10/group). All the subjects received 5 g of fish oil daily containing 1.5 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and a capsule containing different doses of dl-alpha-tocopherol (0, 100, 200 or 400 mg/day) for 3 mo. Plasma vitamin E and fatty acid levels, and in vivo [delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response (DTH) and T cell sub-population analysis] and ex vivo [mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 production] immune functions were determined at baseline and after supplementation. Results: The control group (fish oil only) did not show a statistically significant change in either DTH or PBMC proliferation. DTH response, however, was significantly increased from baseline in all groups supplemented with fish oil plus vitamin E and a significant positive correlation between DTH response and plasma concentrations of a-tocopherol was observed. PBMC proliferation was only significantly increased in the group supplemented with fish oil plus 200 mg vitamin E. However, the changes caused by fish oil plus vitamin E in either DTH or PBMC proliferation were not significantly different from those observed in control group. Plasma levels of a-tocopherol were significantly increased in all three fish oil plus vitamin E groups and the increase in plasma a-tocopherol level was less profound than that previously reported when vitamin E was given alone. Conclusions: The immuno-enhancing effect of vitamin E in the elderly is dampened when it is concomitantly consumed with fish oil. This may be due to the smaller increase in plasma concentrations of vitamin E in the presence of fish oil. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG11020] NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0731-5724 EI 1541-1087 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 300 EP 306 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084YJ UT WOS:000240570000003 PM 16943451 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Kim, OY Koh, SJ Jang, Y Yun, SS Ordovas, JM Lee, JH AF Kim, Ji Young Kim, Oh Yoen Koh, Soo Jeong Jang, Yangsoo Yun, Sung-Seob Ordovas, Jose M. Lee, Jong Ho TI Comparison of low-fat meal and high-fat meal on postprandial lipemic response in non-obese men according to the-1131T > C polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene (randomized cross-over design) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE APOA5; C carrier; high fat meal; postprandial lipemic response ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY-FAT; PLASMA; LIPOPROTEIN; ACCUMULATION; REMNANTS; HUMANS AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare low-fat (LF) meal and high-fat (HF) meal on the postprandial lipemic responses according to the -1131T > C polymorphism of the APOA5 gene in a population usually consuming a LF diet and having a high frequency of the variant allele at the APOA5-113IT > C SNP. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-over design and 49 non-obese healthy men (42.8 +/- 0.7 yrs, 23.9 +/- 0.25 kg/m(2)) participated in the meal tolerance test. They were randomly assigned to consume one of two types of experimental enteral formulae (LF vs HF) with a seven-day interval. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 3, 4 and 6h after ingestion and analyzed for total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin and free fatty acid. Results: No differences were found in anthropometic parameter, calorie and macronutrient intakes and total energy expenditure between TT (n = 23) and TC + CC (n = 26) men. Fasting total TG were higher in TC + CC men than TT men, but fasting chylomicron TG were not significantly different between TT men and C carriers, TT subjects had no significant differences in postprandial responses of total TG and chylomicron TG and postprandial mean changes of chylomicron TG between LF and HF meal. On the other hand, C carriers had delayed peak time of total TG compared to TT subject and higher postprandial response and mean changes of chylomicron TG at HF meal compared to LF meal. Conclusion: the capacity to clear chylomicron-TG or hydrolyze TG might become a rate-limiting factor on HF diet in TC + CC men resulting in higher postprandial triglyceridemia. Therefore, HF diet for C carriers of the APOA5 gene may be one of important CVD risk factors. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci & Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Div Cardiol, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Yonsei Med Inst, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Maeil Dairy Ind Co Ltd, R&D Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, 134 Shinchon Ding, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 28 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 340 EP 347 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084YJ UT WOS:000240570000008 PM 16943456 ER PT J AU Newby, PK AF Newby, P. K. TI Examining energy density: Comments on diet quality dietary advice, and the cost of healthful eating SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID PORTION SIZE; FOOD-INTAKE; WEIGHT; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; PATTERNS; SATIETY; OBESITY; INDEX C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM pknewby@post.harvard.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 106 IS 8 BP 1166 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.06.022 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 068YV UT WOS:000239412200006 PM 16863710 ER PT J AU Godwin, S Chambers, E Cleveland, L Ingwersen, L AF Godwin, Sandria Chambers, Edgar Cleveland, Linda Ingwersen, Linda TI A new portion size estimation aid for wedge-shaped foods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY ASSESSMENT; ACCURACY; CONSUMPTION; OBESITY; MEAT AB Dietary surveys are important for understanding food consumption patterns in national studies, clinical research, and patient counseling. Portion size estimation aids usually increase accuracy of consumers' reports of the amount of food they ate in dietary surveys. However, wedge-shaped foods (eg, pie, cake, and pizza) pose special problems; this shape is not easily estimated by previously available portion size estimation aids. In focus groups, respondents indicate they need a portion size estimation aid that is easier to use than a ruler for portion estimation of wedge-shaped foods. An adjustable wedge was developed and tested with 320 respondents, ages 18 to 65 years, of various races and education levels, and both sexes, in four states using multiple sizes and types of wedge-shaped foods. The accuracy of portion size estimation with the two portion size estimation aids was assessed. The adjustable wedge gave similar results to the ruler for most portions tested, but was more accurate (P<0.05) than the ruler in approximately one third of comparisons. Both aids resulted in substantial misestimation, indicating that regardless of aid some people have difficulty estimating portions of wedge-shaped foods. The adjustable wedge was easy for people to use and can be recommended as an option for estimating portion size of wedge-shaped foods. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Godwin, S (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. EM sgodwin@tnstate.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 106 IS 8 BP 1246 EP 1250 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.05.006 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 068YV UT WOS:000239412200017 PM 16863721 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Levinson, WE AF Kuo, Tsung Min Levinson, William E. TI Biocatalytic production of 10-hydroxystearic acid, 10-ketostearic acid, and their primary fatty amides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus sphaericus; bioconversion; bioreactor; 10-hydroxystearic acid; 10-ketostearic acid; primary fatty amides; Sphingobacterium thalpophilum ID LIPASE-CATALYZED AMIDATION; OLEIC-ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CONVERSION AB The objective of this study was to develop scaleup bioprocesses for producing 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) and 10-ketostearic acid (10-KSA) as well as their primary amides for potential new uses. A reactor process was examined to obtain the mono-oxygenated FA using Sphingobacterium thalpophilum (NRRL B-1 4797) and Bacillus sphaericus (NRRL NRS-732), which solely produce 10-HSA and 10-KSA, respectively, from technical-grade oleic acid. By using an 8-h-old B-1 4797 culture grown in a manganese-containing WF6 medium, pH 7.3, at 28 degrees C under 350 rpm agitation and 0-50% dissolved oxygen concentrations provided by a controlled sparger aeration, the production of 10-HSA reached 7 g/L with a 40% yield in 4 d. In using a 12-h-old NRS-732 culture grown in a pyruvate-containing PF6 medium, pH 6.5, at 30 degrees C under 750 rpm agitation without any sparger aeration during the conversion reaction, 10-KSA production reached 7.9 g/L with a yield of more than 54% in 72 h. The scaleup reactor process provided crystalline 10-HSA and 10-KSA for producing new primary amides via a lipase-catalyzed amidation reaction with yields of 94 and 92%, respectively. The primary amides of 10-HSA and 10-KSA displayed m.p. of 115 and 120 degrees C, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 8 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5022-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 072XS UT WOS:000239707100002 ER PT J AU Hou, CT AF Hou, Ching T. TI Monooxygenase system of Bacillus megaterium ALA2: Studies on linoleic acid epoxidation products SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus megaterium ALA2; bioconversion; linoleic acid; 12,13-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid; monooxygenase system ID CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; STRAIN ALA2; OXIDATION; HYDROXYLATION AB Bacillus megaterium ALA2 produces many oxygenated FA from linoleic acid: 12,1 3-dihydroxy- 9(4-octadecenoic acid; 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(4-octadecenoic acid; 12,113,1 6-trihydroxy-9(4-octadecenoic acid; 12-hydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9(4-octadecenoic acid; and 12,17;13,17-diepoxy-16-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid. Recently, we studied the monooxygenase system of B. megaterium ALA2 by comparing its palmitic acid oxidation products with those of the well-studied catalytically self-sufficient P450 monooxygenase of B. megaterium ATCC 14581 (NRRL B-3712) and of B. subtilis strain 168 (NRRL B-4219). We found that their oxidation products are identical, indicating that their monooxygenase systems (hydroxylation) are similar. Now, we report that strain ALA2 epoxidizes linoleic acid to 12,11 3-epoxy-9(4-octadecenoic acid and 9,10-epoxy-1 2(4-octadecenoic acid, the initial products in the linoleic acid oxidation. The epoxidation enzyme did not oxidize specific double bond of the linoleic acid. The epoxidation activity of strain ALA2 was compared with the above-mentioned two Bacillus strains. These two Bacillus strain also produced 12,13-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid and 9,10-epoxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid, indicating that their epoxidation enzyme systems might be similar. The ratios of epoxy FA production by these three strains (ALA2, NRRL B-3712, and NRRL B-4219) were, respectively, 5.56:0.66:0.18 for 12,13-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid and 2.43:0.41:0.57 for 9,10-epoxy-1 2(Z)-octadecenoic acid per 50 mL medium per 48 h. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM houct@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 8 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5023-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 072XS UT WOS:000239707100003 ER PT J AU Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Evangelista, RL AF Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P. Evangelista, Roque L. TI Effects of cooking and screw-pressing on functional properties of Cuphea PSR23 seed proteins SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cuphea; Cuphea protein; functional properties; oil processing ID ULTRAFILTRATION AB This investigation determined the effects of oil processing conditions on some functional properties of Cuphea PSR23 seed proteins to evaluate their potential for value-added uses. Flaked Cuphea seeds were cooked at 82 degrees C (180 degrees F) for 30, 75, or 120 min in the seed conditioner and then screw-pressed to extract the oil. Cooked flakes and press cakes were analyzed for proximate composition and protein functional properties. Results were compared with those of unprocessed ground, defatted Cuphea seeds. Protein from unprocessed Cuphea seeds had excellent emulsifying properties, poor foaming properties, poor solubility (10%) at pH 4-7, and much greater solubility at pH 2 and 10 (57 and 88%, respectively). Solubility profiles showed that cooking the flaked seeds to 82 degrees C for 30 min resulted in a 50-60% reduction in soluble proteins. Cooking for 120 min gave < 6% soluble proteins at all pH levels. Cooking for 75 min gave good oil yields but also resulted in < 10% soluble proteins at pH 2-7 and 25% soluble proteins at pH 10. Seed cooking and screw pressing during oil extraction had significant detrimental effects on the solubility of Cuphea seed protein but generally improved its foaming capacity and emulsifying activity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hojilla-Evangelista, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM hojillmp@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 8 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5028-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 072XS UT WOS:000239707100008 ER PT J AU Jha, M Arnold, JG Gassman, PW Giorgi, F Gu, RR AF Jha, Manoj Arnold, Jeffrey G. Gassman, Philip W. Giorgi, Filippo Gu, Roy R. TI Climate change sensitivity assessment on Upper Mississippi River Basin streamflows using SWAT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; general circulation model (GCM); simulation; hydrologic cycle; streamflow; Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) ID ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION-MODEL; PLANT WATER RELATIONS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANGE SCENARIOS; COUPLED MODEL AB The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the effects of potential future climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). Calibration and validation of SWAT were performed using monthly stream flows for 1968-1987 and 1988-1997, respectively. The R-2 and Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency values computed for the monthly comparisons were 0.74 and 0.69 for the calibration period and 0.82 and 0.81 for the validation period. The effects of nine 30-year (1968 to 1997) sensitivity runs and six climate change scenarios were then analyzed, relative to a scenario baseline. A doubling of atmospheric CO2 to 660 ppmv (while holding other climate variables constant) resulted in a 36 percent increase in average annual streamflow while average annual flow changes of -49, -26, 28, and 58 percent were predicted for precipitation change scenarios of -20, -10, 10, and 20 percent, respectively. Mean annual streamflow changes of 51, 10, 2, -6, 38, and 27 percent were predicted by SWAT in response to climate change projections generated from the CISRO-RegCM2, CCC, CCSR, ClSRO-Mk2, GFDL, and HadCM3 general circulation model scenarios. High seasonal variability was also predicted within individual climate change scenarios and large variability was indicated between scenarios within specific months. Overall, the climate change scenarios reveal a large degree of uncertainty in current climate change forecasts for the region. The results also indicate that the simulated UMRB hydrology is very sensitive to current forecasted future climate changes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Phys Weather & Climate Sect, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jha, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pwgassma@iastate.edu RI Giorgi, Filippo/C-3169-2013 NR 86 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1015 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04510.x PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 086AC UT WOS:000240644500014 ER PT J AU Louie, R Seifers, DL Bradfute, OE AF Louie, Raymond Seifers, Dallas L. Bradfute, Oscar E. TI Isolation, transmission and purification of the High Plains virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE high plains disease; vascular puncture inoculation; maize ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; PLANT-VIRUSES; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; NATURAL INFECTION; VASCULAR PUNCTURE; MAIZE KERNELS; MITE-BORNE; CURL MITE; WHEAT; DISEASE AB The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) often simultaneously transmits the High Plains virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus under field conditions, resulting in doubly infected plants. In this study, a pure culture of the High Plains virus (isolate HPV95ID), which was infected with both High Plains virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus, was mechanically. transmitted from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to maize (Zea mays L.) by vascular puncture inoculation. Different water temperatures and durations for soaking kernels at pre-inoculation and different incubation temperatures and durations at post-inoculation on transmission of High Plains virus were studied. Transmissions of the High Plains virus were significantly different for post-inoculation incubations at 11, 21, or 30 degrees C after a 2h pre-inoculation soaking at 30 degrees C and post-inoculation incubations of kernels for 1 day versus 2 days. Use of Cs2SO4 in a partial purification protocol resulted in infectious final fractions. Bioassays, serological assays, analyses by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and examinations by electron microscopy confirmed isolation of a pure culture of High Plains virus from infectious final partially purified fractions. We demonstrate infectivity of the final fractions and associate it with the High Plains disease symptoms, the 32 kDa protein and double membrane bodies and discuss this evidence to support the viral nature of High Plains virus. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. USDA ARS, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Seifers, DL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM dseifers@ksu.edu NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 135 IS 2 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.023 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 062SW UT WOS:000238965800012 PM 16672165 ER PT J AU Mecham, JO AF Mecham, James O. TI Detection and titration of bluetongue virus in Culicoides insect cell culture by an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bluetongue virus; Culicoides; cell culture; ELISA ID VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA; CERATOPOGONIDAE; LINES AB Bluetongue virus (BTV) infects sheep, cattle and other ruminants and is transmitted by Culicoides spp. of biting midges. Virus is typically isolated and characterized by infection of susceptible vertebrate cells that undergo detectable and. measurable cytopathic effects. Cell lines derived from C. sonorensis may be useful for virus isolation and studies to better understand BTV replication in the insect vector. However, their use is hampered because BTV infection does not produce significant cytopathic effects in these insect cell cultures. Detection of virus, replication in these cells typically requires co-cultivation with susceptible vertebrate cell culture. This report describes the use of an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-Cap ELISA) for direct detection and titration of BTV in cultures of a Culicoides cell line. This assay should facilitate use of this cell line for virus isolation, titration and studies of BTV replication. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Mecham, JO (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jmecham@uwyo.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 135 IS 2 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.002 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 062SW UT WOS:000238965800020 PM 16672164 ER PT J AU Ylinen, LMJ Keckesova, Z Webb, BLJ Gifford, RJM Smith, TPL Towers, GJ AF Ylinen, Laura M. J. Keckesova, Zuzana Webb, Benjamin L. J. Gifford, Robert J. M. Smith, Timothy P. L. Towers, Greg J. TI Isolation of an active Lv1 gene from cattle indicates that tripartite motif protein-mediated innate immunity to retroviral infection is widespread among mammals SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; SPECIES-SPECIFIC TROPISM; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; MONKEY TRIM5-ALPHA; RESTRICTION FACTOR; CYCLOPHILIN-A; B30.2(SPRY) DOMAIN; HIV-1 INFECTION AB Lv1/TRIM5 alpha (tripartite motif 5 alpha) has recently emerged as an important factor influencing species-specific permissivity to retroviral infection in a range of primates, including humans. Old World monkey TRIM5 alpha blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectivity, and the human and New World monkey TRIM5 alpha proteins are inactive against HIV-1 but active against divergent murine (N-tropic marine leukemia virus [MLV-N]) and simian (simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaque [SIVmac]) retroviruses, respectively. Here we demonstrate antiviral activity of the first nonprimate TRIM protein, from cattle, active against divergent retroviruses, including HIV-1. The number of closely related human TRIM sequences makes assignment of the bovine sequence as a TRIM5 alpha ortholog uncertain, and we therefore refer to it as bovine Lv1. Bovine Lv1 is closely related to primate TRIN15 alpha proteins in the N-terminal RING and B-box 2 domains but significantly less homologous in the C-terminal B30.2 domain, particularly in the region shown to influence antiviral specificity. Intriguingly, some viruses restricted by bovine Lv1, including HIV-1 and MLV-N, are unable to synthesize viral DNA by reverse transcription, whereas restricted HIV-2 makes normal amounts of DNA. The data support the conclusion that TRIM protein-mediated restriction of retroviral infection is a more common attribute of mammals than previously appreciated. C1 UCL, Dept Infect, Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, London W1T 4JF, England. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Towers, GJ (reprint author), UCL, Dept Infect, Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Windeyer Bldg,46 Cleveland St, London W1T 4JF, England. EM g.towers@ucl.ac.uk RI Towers, Greg/H-8892-2012; OI Webb, Benjamin/0000-0001-7165-0308; Towers, Gregory/0000-0002-7707-0264 FU Wellcome Trust [, 076608] NR 47 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 80 IS 15 BP 7332 EP 7338 DI 10.1128/JVI.00516-06 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 065VX UT WOS:000239189100006 PM 16840314 ER PT J AU Spackman, E McCracken, KG Winker, K Swayne, DE AF Spackman, Erica McCracken, Kevin G. Winker, Kevin Swayne, David E. TI H7N3 avian influenza virus found in a South American wild duck is related to the Chilean 2002 poultry outbreak, contains genes from equine and north American wild bird lineages, and is adapted to domestic turkeys SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; CHICKENS AB An H7N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from a Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera) (A/ CinnamonTeal/Bolivia/4537/01) during a survey of wild waterfowl in Bolivia in 2001. The NA and M genes had the greatest identity with North American wild bird isolates, the NS was most closely related to an equine virus, and the remaining genes were most closely related to isolates from an outbreak of H7N3 in commercial poultry in Chile in 2002. The HA protein cleavage site and the results of pathogenesis studies in chickens were consistent with a low-pathogenicity virus, and the infective dose was 105 times higher for chickens than turkeys. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Alaska Museum, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Museum, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM espackman@seprl.usda.gov RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 9 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 80 IS 15 BP 7760 EP 7764 DI 10.1128/JVI.00445-06 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 065VX UT WOS:000239189100048 PM 16840356 ER PT J AU Fields, TL White, GC Gilgert, WC Rodgers, RD AF Fields, Tamara L. White, Gary C. Gilgert, Wendell C. Rodgers, Randy D. TI Nest and brood survival of lesser prairie-chickens in west central Kansas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brood survival; Conservation Reserve Program; greater prairie-chicken; Kansas; lesser prairie-chicken; nest survival; radiotelemetry; Tympanuchus cupido; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID LAGOPUS-LAGOPUS; WILD TURKEYS; WEATHER; GROUSE; THERMOREGULATION; REPRODUCTION; POPULATION; VEGETATION; BOBWHITES; SELECTION AB We evaluated the effect of habitat use and other sources of variation on survival of lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) and greater prairie-chicken (Trympanuchus cupido) nests and broods. Dailynest and brood-survival probabilities were a function ofa quadratic time trend, and both declined as the season progressed. Daily nest survival was negatively associated with nest age, and daily brood survival was positively associated with brood age. Lastly, broods tended by adult females had higher daily survival rates than broods reared by subadult females. The probability of a nest surviving from 10 May to 1 June was 0.72 (SE = 0.06). The probability ofa brood surviving from 1 June to 30 July (hatch to 60 days posthatch) was 0.49 (SE = 0. 19) and 0.05 (SE = 0.03) for broods reared by adults and subadults, respectively. Although nesting females and females with broods were using Conservation Reserve Program grasslands, there appeared to be no benefit to nest and brood survival during our study. Instead, age of the nest and brood, timing during the season, age of the brooding female, and precipitation during brooding were more important predictors of survival. Further experimentation is needed to determine the mechanisms responsible for decreased nest and brood survival throughout the season. Results from such research could be used to formulate management strategies to improve nest and brood survival. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Wildlife Habitat Management Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Kansas Wildlife & Parks, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Fields, TL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM antlf1@uaa.alaska.edu NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 931 EP 938 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[931:NABSOL]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800005 ER PT J AU Stubblefield, CH Vierling, KT Rumble, MA AF Stubblefield, Cynthia H. Vierling, Kerri T. Rumble, Mark A. TI Landscape-scale attributes of elk centers of activity in the central Black Hills of South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Black Hills National Forest; Cervus elaphus; dissected habitat; elk; habitat selection; high-use areas; landscape metrics; landscape-scale; road pattern ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT SELECTION; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; FOREST; DEER; RADIOTELEMETRY; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENTS; COLUMBIA AB We researched the environmental attributes (n = 28) associated with elk (n = 50) summer range (1 May-30 Sep) in the central Black Hills of South Dakota, USA, during 1998-2001. We defined high-use areas or centers of activity as landscapes underlying large concentrations of elk locations resulting from the shared fidelity of independently moving animals to specific regions on summer range. We divided the study area into 3-km grid cells to represent the distance elk travel in a 24-hour period. We computed mean elevation and slope, proportion and configuration of overstory canopy cover, proportion and configuration of dominant vegetation type, estimated biomass, road density, traffic rate, and amount of habitat not dissected by improved surface roads for each cell. We used a combination of multiple stepwise regression and likelihood ratio tests to develop spatially adjusted models with total number of elk locations per cell as the dependent variable. Environmental attributes varied in their significance based on their availability to different elk subpopulations. Collectively, the number of elk locations was positively associated (model r(2) = 0. 50, P < 0. 001) with elevation, proportion of non-road-dissected habitat, shape complexity of meadows, proportion of forest stands with < 40% overstoty canopy cover, and proportion of aspen (Populus tremuloides). Elk were responsive to a landscape structure emphasizing forage potential, and their selection was based on the composition and pattern of both biotic and abiotic variables. Defining the characteristics ofhigh-use areas allows management to manipulate landscapes so as to contain more of the habitats preferred by elk. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Atmospher Environm & Water Resources, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ctr Great Plains Ecosyst Res, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Stubblefield, CH (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Cindy.Holte@sdsmt.edu RI Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016 NR 70 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1069 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1060:LAOECO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800020 ER PT J AU Chavez, AS Giese, EM AF Chavez, Andreas S. Giese, Eric M. TI Landscape use and movements of wolves in relation to livestock in a wildland-agriculture matrix SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; depredations; livestock; Minnesota; movements; risk; wolves ID NORTHWESTERN MINNESOTA; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; RESOURCE SELECTION; GRAY WOLVES; HOME-RANGE; MOOSE; DEPREDATIONS AB Wolves (Canis lupus) have expanded their distribution into areas of the midwest United States that have not had wolves for several decades. With recolonization of wolves into agricultural areas, there is increasing concern of wolf-livestock conflicts. To assess the risk wolves may pose to livestock, we initiated a 3-year study investigating the activity patterns, movements, habitat use, visitation to livestock pastures by wolves, and the occurrence of depredation events in an agricultural-wildland matrix in northwestern Minnesota, USA. From June 1997 to November 1999, we captured 23 wolves, including pups, from 3 packs; we radiocollared 16 of these wolves. We tracked radioed wolves intensively on a 24-hour basis during the spring, summer, and autumn of 1998 and 1999. We found wolves passed directly through a pasture containing cattle on 28% of the nights of tracking; 58% and 95% of the wolf locations were <= 1 km and <= 5 km from a pasture, respectively. Space use of wolves showed that while they visited livestock pastures during the 24-hour tracking sessions, they apparently were passing through these pastures with cattle and not preying on livestock. When compared to random simulations of movements, wolves appeared to encounter livestock pastures randomly. Thirty percent of random movements passed directly through a pasture; 65% and 95% of random movements were within < 1 km and < 5 km of a pasture, respectively. Wolves were more active at night than during the day. Wolves avoided pastures during the day and visited pastures at night when depredations were most likely (i.e., human presence was low). Visitation of livestock pastures was not related to any discernible characteristics of the pastures (i.e., pasture size, cattle density, distance to human habitation, percent forest cover, index of deer abundance). However, pastures in which livestock were killed by wolves contained more cattle than pastures without depredations, but in 1998 only. While the risk of wolf predation on livestock was potentially high (wolves were within <= 1 km of a pasture on 58% of nights), few livestock were actually killed. During the 3-year study, only 8 animals (all young or vulnerable livestock) were depredated by wolves. Maintaining healthy wild prey populations, removing offending wolves that kill livestock, and encouraging effective and proper husbandry practices (e.g., disposal of carcasses) among livestock producers, should allow for the persistence of wolves in northwestern Minnesota, USA, while minimizing their impact to farmers in this agricudure-wildland matrix. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, USDA, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chavez, AS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. EM egese@cc.usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 13 U2 70 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1086 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1079:LUAMOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800022 ER PT J AU Blejwas, KM Williams, CL Shin, GT McCullough, DR Jaeger, MM AF Blejwas, Karen M. Williams, Christen L. Shin, Gary T. McCullough, Dale R. Jaeger, Michael M. TI Salivary DNA evidence convicts breeding male coyotes of killing sheep SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; Canis latrans; carnivore-livestock conflicts; coyote; microsatellite DNA; noninvasive genetic sampling; predation; saliva; wildlife damage management; wildlife forensics ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PREDATION; CALIFORNIA; IDENTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; CARNIVORES; LIVESTOCK; LYNX AB Resolving conflicts between predators and livestock producers depends on obtaining reliable information about the predators that kill livestock. We used salivary DNA obtained from attack wounds on domestic sheep carcasses to identify the species of predator responsible for the kill, as well as the sex and individual identity of coyotes (Canis latrans) that killed sheep. Coyotes killed 36 of 37 depredated sheep. Breeding pairs whose territories overlapped sheep grazing areas were the primary predators on domestic sheep, and only breeding pair's killed multiple sheep. Breeding males, acting alone or with their mate, were involved in 21 of 25 kills. Breeding females participated in 13 kills, but only 1 breeding female killed sheep on her own. Transient females did not kill sheep, and both kills by transient males occurred in territories with a breeding vacancy. Our results suggest that predator control should be targeted at breeding male coyotes. Salivary DNA is a potentially powerful means of both investigating predation patterns and evaluating the effectiveness of control at targeting individuals that kill livestock. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blejwas, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM karen_blejwas@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1093 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1087:SDECBM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800023 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JD Nislow, KH AF Armstrong, J. D. Nislow, K. H. TI Critical habitat during the transition from maternal provisioning in freshwater fish, with emphasis on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Wildlife Management Congress CY DEC, 2003 CL CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND DE early critical period; fisheries management; ontogeny; maternal effects; self-thinning; Salmo salar; Salmo trutta ID GRAYLING THYMALLUS-THYMALLUS; YOUNG MIGRATORY TROUT; POPULATION REGULATION; TERRITORY SIZE; SCOTTISH STREAM; CRITICAL-PERIOD; PREDATION RISK; BROOK TROUT; SEA-TROUT; EGG SIZE AB In freshwater fish, the transition from dependence on maternal yolk reserves to independent foraging can be an early critical period, with survival during this stage having a strong influence on population abundance and cohort strength. Information concerning Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta as model species is reviewed to show how population dynamics are influenced by habitat use during the transitional stage and illustrate the role of maternal provisioning along with density-dependent and -independent factors. The allocation of resources in yolk and timing and position of spawning strongly influence the biotic and abiotic environments of juveniles and their subsequent performance. Vulnerability to predators, adverse environmental conditions and restricted conditions over which they can successfully forage result in specific habitat requirements for newly independent juveniles. The availability of slow-flowing habitats at stream margins during the first month of independence is crucial. Alteration of natural flow regimes and physical habitat structure, associated with a wide range of anthropogenic influences, can have significant deleterious effects on the availability of critical juvenile habitat. A model combining habitat structure and the relationship between density-dependent and -independent mortality is presented to explore the range of conditions under which the transitional period would have a strong influence on population abundance. This model provides a framework for establishing thresholds or optima for habitat availability that will favour sufficient recruitment out of the transitional stage. Using the modelling framework, managers can make informed decisions on the utility and cost effectiveness of fisheries and habitat management activities designed to increase juvenile survival during the transition to independence. A range of management options is outlined for improving habitat quality and increasing juvenile survival during the transitional period, including restoration of structural complexity, provision of suitable flow regimes, and tailoring stocking and reintroduction strategies to mimic natural dynamics. C1 Fisheries Res Serv, Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA USA. RP Armstrong, JD (reprint author), Fisheries Res Serv, Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland. EM j.armstrong@marlab.ac.uk NR 94 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 43 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 269 IS 4 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00157.x PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063HP UT WOS:000239009600002 ER PT J AU King, DI Degraaf, RM Smith, ML Buonaccorsi, JP AF King, D. I. Degraaf, R. M. Smith, M. -L. Buonaccorsi, J. P. TI Habitat selection and habitat-specific survival of fledgling ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Wildlife Management Congress CY DEC, 2003 CL CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND DE birds; habitat; juvenile; landscape; nesting; Seiurus aurocapilla; post-fledging ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; POSTFLEDGING MOVEMENTS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; FOREST; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY; SUCCESS; TITS; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION AB Patterns of habitat use by some passerines change after the young leave the nest, and thus our understanding of habitat selection derived from counts of singing males earlier in the nesting cycle may not adequately represent the breeding habitat requirements of these species. Post-fledging changes in habitat use may have important conservation implications if the survival of fledglings is affected by characteristics of the habitat; however, there have been relatively few systematic studies of the post-fledging ecology of forest passerines and, of these, even fewer have incorporated analyses of the relationship between habitat characteristics and fledgling survival. We studied the post-fledging habitat selection and survival of ovenbirds Seiurus aurocapilla in northern New Hampshire, USA during two breeding seasons using radio telemetry. Habitat at sites used by radio-marked fledgling ovenbirds was characterized by fewer large trees and greater vertical structure 0-3 m above ground than ovenbird nest sites. Similarly, habitat at sites used by fledgling ovenbirds was characterized by fewer large trees and greater vertical structure than unused sites. Most (80%) of the 15 mortalities that we observed were due to predation. Nine (70%) of these occurred within the first 3 days of fledging, resulting in a significant drop in survival during this period. Fledgling survival increased significantly with increased vegetation structure. Our observations that fledgling ovenbirds are selective in their habitat use, that they select different habitat features than adult ovenbirds select for nesting and that fledgling survival is positively associated with these habitat features suggest that the use of habitat models based on counts of singing males before fledging does not adequately represent the habitat needs of this species. Conceivably, mortality during the post-fledging period could limit recruitment to levels insufficient to maintain the viability of ovenbird population even if adequate nesting habitat were available. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dking@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 269 IS 4 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00158.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063HP UT WOS:000239009600003 ER PT J AU Amacher, GS Malik, AS Haight, RG AF Amacher, Gregory S. Malik, Arun S. Haight, Robert G. TI Reducing social losses from forest fires SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATION; STAND; RISK AB We evaluate two financial incentives to encourage nonindustrial forest landowners to undertake activities that mitigate fire losses: sharing of fire suppression costs by the landowner and sharing of fuel reduction costs by the government. First and second best outcomes are identified and compared to assess the effectiveness of these incentives in reducing social losses and fire suppression costs, under various assumptions about landowner behavior and information. We find that while cost sharing of fire suppression by the landowner invariably reduces social losses, this is not always true for government cost sharing of landowner fuel reduction. However, cost sharing of fuel reduction can yield larger reductions in social losses when fire risk is high. Both policies tend to induce larger reductions in both social losses and fire suppression costs when landowners engage in fuel reduction. We find that improving a landowner's information about fire risk and fuel reduction can yield substantial reductions in social losses. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USDA, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN USA. RP Amacher, GS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 82 IS 3 BP 367 EP 383 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 067SE UT WOS:000239322100004 ER PT J AU Brown, K Hansen, AJ Keane, RE Graumlich, LJ AF Brown, Kathryn Hansen, Andrew J. Keane, Robert E. Graumlich, Lisa J. TI Complex interactions shaping aspen dynamics in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aspen; biophysical; gradient analysis; land cover change; Populus tremuloides ID NATIONAL-PARK; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; FIRE; COLORADO; ELK; PERSISTENCE; VEGETATION; HERBIVORY; PATTERNS; TERRAIN AB Loss of aspen (Populus tremuloides) has generated concern for aspen persistence across much of the western United States. However, most studies of aspen change have been at local scales and our understanding of aspen dynamics at broader scales is limited. At local scales, aspen loss has been attributed to fire exclusion, ungulate herbivory, and climate change. Understanding the links between biophysical setting and aspen presence, growth, and dynamics is necessary to develop a large-scale perspective on aspen dynamics. Specific objectives of this research were to (1) map aspen distribution and abundance across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), (2) measure aspen change in the GYE over the past 50 years (3) determine if aspen loss occurs in particular biophysical settings and (4) investigate the links between biophysical setting and aspen presence, growth, and change in canopy cover. We found that aspen is rare in the GYE, occupying 1.4% of the region. We found an average of 10% aspen loss overall, much lower than that suggested by smaller-scale studies. Aspen loss corresponded with biophysical settings with the lowest aspen growth rates, where aspen was most abundant. The highest aspen growth rates were at the margins of its current distribution, so most aspen occur in biophysical settings less favorable to their growth. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Big SKY Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 5775 W Hwy 10, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us RI Graumlich, Lisa/B-6830-2009; Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012 OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873 NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 933 EP 951 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-6190-3 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 069YA UT WOS:000239484200012 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. TI Temperature-dependent behaviour of dielectric properties of bound water in grain at microwave frequencies SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bound water; dielectric properties; microwaves; temperature ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; MOISTURE-CONTENT; CEREAL GRAIN; FREE-SPACE; WHEAT; DENSITY; CORN AB Dielectric behaviour of bound water in grain was investigated through measurement of the dielectric properties of hard red winter wheat at microwave frequencies over a wide temperature range between -80 degrees C and + 10 degrees C. Measurements were performed in free space between 2 and 18 GHz on two wheat samples of 15.7% and 23.6% moisture content, respectively. Cole - Cole plots reveal the existence of different distributions of relaxation times at different temperatures for the lower moisture sample. In contrast, the Cole - Cole plot of data corresponding to the higher moisture sample indicates the existence of a single distribution of relaxation times for all temperatures. Analysis of data obtained at a single frequency for each wheat sample shows that for both samples epsilon' and epsilon '' increase linearly with temperature with a characteristic slope change at around -20 degrees C, which might be interpreted as the freezing temperature of bound water in wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2289 EP 2293 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/17/8/033 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 073WV UT WOS:000239774300035 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S AF Nelson, Stuart O. Trabelsi, Samir TI Dielectric spectroscopy of wheat from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; hard red winter wheat; permittivity; dielectric spectroscopy; moisture content; temperature ID AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DEPENDENCE; GRAIN; DENSITY AB The dielectric properties ( components of the complex permittivity relative to free space) of ground hard red winter wheat of 11 - 25% moisture content were determined by dielectric spectroscopy measurements with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and impedance analyser over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz at temperatures from 5 to 95 degrees C. Both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor, over the stated range of variables, decreased with increasing frequency and increased with increasing moisture content and temperature. Plots of the dielectric constant and loss factor in the complex permittivity plane revealed a linear relationship between the two permittivity components at frequencies above 1 GHz, but they showed nonlinearity at lower frequencies due to the increasing influence of ionic conduction as confirmed by Cole - Cole plots of the permittivity data. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM sonelson@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2294 EP 2298 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/17/8/034 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 073WV UT WOS:000239774300036 ER PT J AU Copeland, CS Lewis, FA Brindley, PJ AF Copeland, Claudia S. Lewis, Fred A. Brindley, Paul J. TI Identification of the Boudicca and Sinbad retrotransposons in the genome of the human blood flut Schistosoma haematobium SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE schistosome; long terminal report retrotransposon; mobile genetic element; reverse transcriptase; Bulinus ID TERMINAL REPEAT RETROTRANSPOSON; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; REPETITIVE DNA; MANSONI; JAPONICUM; ELEMENTS; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY; REGION; PROBE AB Schistosomes have a comparatively large genome, estimated for Schistosoma mansoni to be about 270 megabase pairs (haploid genome). Recent findings have shown that mobile genetic elements constitute significant proportions of the genomes of S. mansoni and S. japonicum. Much less information is available on the genome of the third major human schistosome, S. haematobium. In order to investigate the possible evolutionary origins of the S. mansoni long terminal repeat retrotransposons Boudicca and Sinbad, several genomes were searched by Southern blot for the presence of these retrotransposons. These included three species of schistosomes, S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium, and three related platyhelminth genomes, the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna and the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala. In addition, Homo sapiens and three snail host genomes, Biomphalaria glabrata, Oncomelania hupensis, and Bulinus truncatus, were examined for possible indications of a horizontal origin for these retrotransposons. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that both Boudicca and Sinbad were present in the genome of S. haematobium. Furthermore, low stringency Southern hybridization analyses suggested that a Boudicca-like retrotransposon was present in the genome of B. truncatus, the snail host of S. haematobium. C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Biomed Res Inst, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Copeland, CS (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM ccopelan@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu FU PHS HHS [N01-A1-55270] NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD AUG PY 2006 VL 101 IS 5 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1590/S0074-02762006000500015 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 079SV UT WOS:000240199100015 PM 17072464 ER PT J AU Fraser, KR Tuite, NL Bhagwat, A O'Byrne, CP AF Fraser, Katy R. Tuite, Nina L. Bhagwat, Arvind O'Byrne, Conor P. TI Global effects of homocysteine on transcription in Escherichia coli: induction of the gene for the major cold-shock protein, CspA SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; STRESS; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; CYSTEINE; GROWTH AB Homocysteine (Hey) is a thiol-containing amino acid that is considered to be medically important because it is linked to the development of several life-threatening diseases in humans, including cardiovascular disease and stroke. It inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli when supplied in the growth medium. Growth inhibition is believed to arise as a result of partial starvation for isoleucine, which occurs because Hey perturbs the biosynthesis of this amino acid. This study attempted to further elucidate the inhibitory mode of action of Hey by examining the impact of exogenously supplied Hey on the transcriptome. Using gene macroarrays the transcript levels corresponding to 68 genes were found to be reproducibly altered in the presence of 0(.)5 mM Hey. Of these genes, the biggest functional groups affected were those involved in translation (25 genes) and in amino acid metabolism (119 genes). Genes involved in protection against oxidative stress were repressed in Hcy-treated cells and this correlated with a decrease in catalase activity. The gene showing the strongest induction by Hcy was cspA, which encodes the major cold-shock protein CspA. RT-PCR and reporter fusion experiments confirmed that cspA was induced by Hey. Induction of cspA by Hey was not caused by nutritional upshift, a stimulus known to induce C;spA expression, nor was it dependent on the presence of a functional CspA protein. The induction of cspA by Hey was suppressed when isoleucine was included in the growth medium. These data suggest that the induction of CspA expression in the presence of Hcy occurs because of a limitation for isoleucine. The possibility that Hcy-incluced cSPA expression is triggered by translational stalling that occurs when the cells are limited for isoleucine is discussed. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Microbiol, Galway, Ireland. Agr Res Serv, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP O'Byrne, CP (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Microbiol, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland. EM conor.obyrne@nuigalway.ie NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2006 VL 152 BP 2221 EP 2231 DI 10.1099/mic.0.28804-0 PN 8 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 074PF UT WOS:000239823600004 PM 16849789 ER PT J AU Djonovic, S Pozo, MJ Dangott, LJ Howell, CR Kenerley, CM AF Djonovic, Slavica Pozo, Maria J. Dangott, Lawrence J. Howell, Charles R. Kenerley, Charles M. TI Sm1, a proteinaceous elicitor secreted by the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma virens induces plant defense responses and systemic resistance SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review ID F-SP PLATANI; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; CERATO-PLATANIN; ENCODING GENE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; PISOLITHUS-MICROCARPUS; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS AB The soilborne filamentous fungus Trichoderma virens is a biocontrol agent with a well-known ability to produce antibiotics, parasitize pathogenic fungi, and induce systemic resistance in plants. Even though a plant-mediated response has been confirmed as a component of bioprotection by Trichoderma spp., the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Here, we report the identification, purification, and characterization of an elicitor secreted by T. virens, a small protein designated Sm1 (small protein 1). Sm1 lacks toxic activity against plants and microbes. Instead, native, purified Sm1 triggers production of reactive oxygen species in monocot and dicot seedlings, rice, and cotton, and induces the expression of defense-related genes both locally and systemically in cotton. Gene expression analysis revealed that SM1 is expressed throughout fungal development under different nutrient conditions and in the presence of a host plant. Using an axenic hydroponic system, we show that SM1 expression and secretion of the protein is significantly higher in the presence of the plant Pretreatment of cotton cotyledons with Sm1 provided high levels of protection to the foliar pathogen Colletotrichum sp. These results indicate that Sm1 is involved in the induction of resistance by Trichoderma spp. through the activation of plant defense mechanisms. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. CSIC, Dept Soil Microbiol & Symbiot Syst, Estac Expt Zaidin, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kenerley, CM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM c-kenerley@tamu.edu RI Pozo, Maria J./K-7775-2014 OI Pozo, Maria J./0000-0003-2780-9793 NR 113 TC 116 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 8 BP 838 EP 853 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-0838.02006 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 064XM UT WOS:000239124000002 PM 16903350 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, Robert G. TI A direct observation technique for evaluating sclerotium germination by Macrophomina phaseolina and effects of biocontrol materials on survival of sclerotia in soil SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Macrophomina phaseolina; sclerotium germination ID POPULATIONS; GROWTH; MANURE AB Germination of sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina was quantified by direct microscopic observation following application of experimental treatments in vitro and incubation of sclerotia in soil. To assay germination, pieces of agar containing sclerotia were macerated in dilute, liquid cornmeal agar on glass slides; thinly spread; and incubated in a saturated atmosphere for 18-22 h. Germinated sclerotia then were identified by morphological features of germ hyphae. Frequencies of germination were similar in three dilute agar media. Germination was not affected by air-drying sclerotia for 2 weeks, but it was significantly reduced after 4 weeks and greatly reduced or eliminated after 6 or 8 weeks. Survival of sclerotia for 14 days in soil was greatest at 50, 75, and 100% moisture-holding capacity, less at 0 and 25%, and least at 125% (flooded soil). Incorporation of ground poultry litter into soil at 5% by weight reduced survival of sclerotia after 13 days, and incorporation of litter at 10% nearly eliminated it. These results indicate that the direct-observation technique may be used to evaluate animal wastes and other agricultural byproducts for biocontrol activity against sclerotia of M. phaseolina in soil. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rpratt@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD AUG PY 2006 VL 162 IS 2 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0042-9 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 071HS UT WOS:000239591100008 PM 16897591 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, Robert G. TI Enhancement of sporulation in species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum by growth on cellulose-containing substrates SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bipolaris; cellulose substrates; Curvularia; Drechslera; Exserohilum; sporulation ID COMMON ROOT-ROT; SOROKINIANA; BERMUDAGRASS; WHEAT; INFECTION AB Nine species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum were compared for sporulation on agar media and for enhancement of sporulation by growth on four cellulose-containing substrates (index card, filter paper, cheesecloth, cotton fabric). On two natural and one synthetic agar media, sporulation varied from profuse to nonexistent among three isolates of each species. Growth of all species on cellulose substrates resulted in large and significant increases in sporulation. Growth on index card pieces often provided the greatest increases, but no single substrate was superior for all species, and significant substrate x isolate interactions were observed within species. Overlay of filter paper onto whole colonies in agar plates resulted in 2 to 18-fold increases in sporulation for eight of nine species and production of spores in sufficient quantity for most experimental purposes. Overlay of soil dilution plates with filter paper to promote sporulation of colonies enabled detection of B. spicifera, B. hawaiiensis, C. lunata, and E. rostratum at relatively low population levels (<= 1.3 x 10(3) colony-forming units per gram of soil) in samples of a naturally infested soil. Results indicate that enhancement of sporulation by growth of species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum on cellulose substrates may facilitate (i) their identification in culture, (ii) production of spores at relatively high concentrations, and (iii) detection and enumeration of these fungi in soil. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rpratt@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD AUG PY 2006 VL 162 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0043-8 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 071HS UT WOS:000239591100009 PM 16897592 ER PT J AU Manning, K Tor, M Poole, M Hong, Y Thompson, AJ King, GJ Giovannoni, JJ Seymour, GB AF Manning, Kenneth Tor, Mahmut Poole, Mervin Hong, Yiguo Thompson, Andrew J. King, Graham J. Giovannoni, James J. Seymour, Graham B. TI A naturally occurring epigenetic mutation in a gene encoding an SBP-box transcription factor inhibits tomato fruit ripening SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DNA METHYLATION; PLANT EVOLUTION; ARABIDOPSIS; CNR; INHERITANCE; MUTANT; LOCUS AB A major component in the regulatory network controlling fruit ripening is likely to be the gene at the tomato Colorless nonripening (Cnr) locus(1,2). The Cnr mutation results in colorless fruits with a substantial loss of cell-to-cell adhesion. The nature of the mutation and the identity of the Cnr gene were previously unknown. Using positional cloning and virus-induced gene silencing, here we demonstrate that an SBP-box (SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like) gene resides at the Cnr locus. Furthermore, the Cnr phenotype results from a spontaneous epigenetic change in the SBP-box promoter. The discovery that Cnr is an epimutation was unexpected, as very few spontaneous epimutations have been described in plants(3,4). This study demonstrates that an SBP-box gene is critical for normal ripening and highlights the likely importance of epialleles in plant development and the generation of natural variation. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Plant Sci Div, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. Univ Warwick, Warwick Hort Res Int, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Sci Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Seymour, GB (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Plant Sci Div, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. EM Graham.Seymour@nottingham.ac.uk RI tor, mahmut/C-1132-2009; Poole, Mervin/A-5639-2009; Seymour, Graham/N-4539-2014; OI Poole, Mervin/0000-0001-8624-5022; King, Graham/0000-0002-5975-6051; Seymour, Graham/0000-0001-8365-4947; Thompson, Andrew/0000-0002-7419-3402; Tor, Mahmut/0000-0002-4416-5048 NR 30 TC 404 Z9 448 U1 18 U2 107 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 8 BP 948 EP 952 DI 10.1038/ng1841 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 067TO UT WOS:000239325700027 PM 16832354 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Stukenbrock, EH Liu, ZH Meinhardt, S Ling, H Faris, JD Rasmussen, JB Solomon, PS McDonald, BA Oliver, RP AF Friesen, Timothy L. Stukenbrock, Eva H. Liu, Zhaohui Meinhardt, Steven Ling, Hua Faris, Justin D. Rasmussen, Jack B. Solomon, Peter S. McDonald, Bruce A. Oliver, Richard P. TI Emergence of a new disease as a result of interspecific virulence gene transfer SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; TAN SPOT; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; CAUSAL AGENT; WHEAT; EVOLUTION; TOXIN; SENSITIVITY AB New diseases of humans, animals and plants emerge regularly. Enhanced virulence on a new host can be facilitated by the acquisition of novel virulence factors. Interspecific gene transfer is known to be a source of such virulence factors in bacterial pathogens (often manifested as pathogenicity islands in the recipient organism(1)) and it has been speculated that interspecific transfer of virulence factors may occur in fungal pathogens(2). Until now, no direct support has been available for this hypothesis. Here we present evidence that a gene encoding a critical virulence factor was transferred from one species of fungal pathogen to another. This gene transfer probably occurred just before 1941, creating a pathogen population with significantly enhanced virulence and leading to the emergence of a new damaging disease of wheat. C1 Murdoch Univ, Div Hlth Sci, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Western Australian State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red Valley Agr Res Ctr, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Oliver, RP (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Div Hlth Sci, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Western Australian State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. EM roliver@murdoch.edu.au RI McDonald, Bruce/A-2748-2008; Oliver, Richard/D-1166-2009; Holtgrewe Stukenbrock, Eva/I-4333-2016; Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI McDonald, Bruce/0000-0002-5332-2172; Holtgrewe Stukenbrock, Eva/0000-0001-8590-3345; Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 NR 30 TC 312 Z9 324 U1 4 U2 64 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 8 BP 953 EP 956 DI 10.1038/ng1839 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 067TO UT WOS:000239325700028 PM 16832356 ER PT J AU Anthony, RM Urban, JF Alem, F Hamed, HA Rozo, CT Boucher, JL Van Rooijen, N Gause, WC AF Anthony, Robert M. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Alem, Farhang Hamed, Hossein A. Rozo, Cristina T. Boucher, Jean-Luc Van Rooijen, Nico Gause, William C. TI Memory T(H)2 cells induce alternatively activated macrophages to mediate protection against nematode parasites SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; INFECTION; MUSCLE; CHITINASE; EXPULSION; LARVAE; IL-13 AB Although primary and memory responses against bacteria and viruses have been studied extensively, T helper type 2 (T(H)2) effector mechanisms leading to host protection against helminthic parasites remain elusive(1). Examination of the intestinal epithelial submucosa of mice after primary and secondary infections by a natural gastrointestinal parasite revealed a distinct immune-cell infiltrate after challenge, featuring interleukin-4-expressing memory CD4(+) T cells that induced IL-4 receptor(hi) (IL-4R(hi)) CD206(+) alternatively activated macrophages(2). In turn, these alternatively activated macrophages (AAMacs) functioned as important effector cells of the protective memory response contributing to parasite elimination, demonstrating a previously unknown mechanism for host protection against intestinal helminths. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Paris 05, CNRS, Lab Chim & Biochim Pharmacol, UMR 8601, F-75270 Paris, France. Free Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Cell Biol, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM gausewc@umdnj.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031678-07, R01 AI031678, R01 AI031678-06, R01 AI031678-08, R01 AI031678-09, R01 AI031678-10, R01 AI031678-11, R01 AI031678-12, R01 AI031678-13] NR 30 TC 281 Z9 290 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 955 EP 960 DI 10.1038/nm1415 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 071TS UT WOS:000239626200028 PM 16892038 ER PT J AU Nakasone, KK AF Nakasone, Karen K. TI Dendrothele griseocana (Corticiaceae) and related taxa with hyphal pegs SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Article DE Odontia andina; Dendrothele; hyphal pegs; Tanzania AB Four Dendrothele (Corticiaceae, Polyporales) species with hyphal pegs are described and illustrated. Type specimens of Corticium griseocanum and Dendrothele papillosa were examined and found to be conspecific. Two new taxa, D. americana and D. tanzaniana, are described and illustrated, and the new combination, Dendrothele andina, is proposed. A key to D. griseocana and similar taxa with hyphal pegs is provided. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Mycol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Mycol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM knakasone@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PD AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1127/0029-5035/2006/0083-0099 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 076EB UT WOS:000239938700006 ER PT J AU Ortega, YK McKelvey, KS Six, DL AF Ortega, Yvette Katina McKelvey, Kevin Scot Six, Diana Lee TI Invasion of an exotic forb impacts reproductive success and site fidelity of a migratory songbird SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Centaurea maculosa; food availability; grasshoppers; Spizella passerina; timing of breeding ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; THROATED BLUE WARBLERS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BREEDING DISPERSAL; NEST PREDATION; DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; HABITAT QUALITY AB Although exotic plant invasions threaten natural systems worldwide, we know little about the specific ecological impacts of invaders, including the magnitude of effects and underlying mechanisms. Exotic plants are likely to impact higher trophic levels when they overrun native plant communities, affecting habitat quality for breeding songbirds by altering food availability and/or nest predation levels. We studied chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina) breeding in savannas that were either dominated by native vegetation or invaded by spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), an exotic forb that substantially reduces diversity and abundance of native herbaceous plant species. Chipping sparrows primarily nest in trees but forage on the ground, consuming seeds and arthropods. We found that predation rates did not differ between nests at knapweed and native sites. However, initiation of first nests was delayed at knapweed versus native sites, an effect frequently associated with low food availability. Our seasonal fecundity model indicated that breeding delays could translate to diminished fecundity, including dramatic declines in the incidence of double brooding. Site fidelity of breeding adults was also substantially reduced in knapweed compared to native habitats, as measured by return rates and shifts in territory locations between years. Declines in reproductive success and site fidelity were greater for yearling versus older birds, and knapweed invasion appeared to exacerbate differences between age classes. In addition, grasshoppers, which represent an important prey resource, were substantially reduced in knapweed versus native habitats. Our results strongly suggest that knapweed invasion can impact chipping sparrow populations by reducing food availability. Food chain effects may be an important mechanism by which strong plant invaders impact songbirds and other consumers. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Ortega, YK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM yortega@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2006 VL 149 IS 2 BP 340 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0438-8 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073ID UT WOS:000239735300015 PM 16685510 ER PT J AU Quan, B Chen, JF Qiu, HL Romkens, MJM Yang, XQ Jiang, SF Li, BC AF Quan Bin Chen Jian-Fei Qiu Hong-Lie Romkens, M. J. M. Yang Xiao-Qi Jiang Shi-Feng Li Bi-Cheng TI Spatial-temporal pattern and driving forces of land use changes in Xiamen SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE driving force; GIS; land use change; remote sensing; Xiamen AB Using Landsat TM data of 1988, 1998 and 2001, the dynamic process of the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in the special economic zone of Xiamen, China was analyzed to improve understanding and to find the driving forces of land use change so that sustainable land utilization could be practiced. During the 13 years cropland decreased remarkably by nearly 11304.95 ha. The areas of rural-urban construction and water body increased by 10152.24 ha and 848.94 ha, respectively. From 1988 to 2001, 52.5% of the lost cropland was converted into rural-urban industrial land. Rapid urbanization contributed to a great change in the rate of cropland land use during these years. Land-reclamation also contributed to a decrease in water body area as well as marine ecological and environmental destruction. In the study area 1) urbanization and industrialization, 2) infrastructure and agricultural intensification, 3) increased affluence of the farming community, and 4) policy factors have driven the land use changes. Possible sustainable land use measures included construction of a land management system, land planning, development of potential land resources, new technology applications, and marine ecological and environmental protection. C1 NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Soil & Water Conservat & Ecol Environm, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Minist Educ, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. Guangzhou Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Guangzhou 510405, Peoples R China. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geog & Urban Anal, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Jimei Univ, Sch Sci, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China. RP Quan, B (reprint author), NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Soil & Water Conservat & Ecol Environm, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. EM quanbin308@yahoo.com.cn NR 35 TC 23 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 16 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.1016/S1002-0160(06)60078-7 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 069KV UT WOS:000239446000009 ER PT J AU Musy, RF Wynne, RH Blinn, CE Scrivani, JA McRoberts, RE AF Musy, Rebecca F. Wynne, Randolph H. Blinn, Christine E. Scrivani, John A. McRoberts, Ronald E. TI Automated forest area estimation using iterative guided spectral class rejection SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL INVENTORY SYSTEM; SATELLITE IMAGERY; IMPROVE AB USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) forest area estimates were derived from 4 Landsat ETM+ images in Virginia and Minnesota classified using an automated hybrid classifier known as Iterative Guided Spectral Class Rejection (IGSCR). Training data were collected using region-growing initiated at random points within each image. The classified images were spatially post-processed using five different techniques. Image accuracy was assessed using the center land-use of all available FIA plots and subsets containing plots with 50, 75 and 100 percent homogeneity. Overall accuracy (81.9 to 95.4 percent) increased with homogeneity of validation plots and decreased with fragmentation (estimated by percent edge; r(2) = 0.932). Filtering effects were not consistently significant at the 95 percent level; however, the 3 X 3 majority filter significantly improved the accuracy of the most fragmented image. The now-automated IGSCR is a suitable candidate for operational forest area estimation, with strong potential for use in other application areas. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Forestry, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Dept Forestry, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Musy, RF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Forestry, Dept Forestry, 319 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rmusy@vt.edu; wynne@vt.edu; cblinn@vt.edu; scrivanij@dof.state.va.us; rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 72 IS 8 BP 949 EP 960 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 069AQ UT WOS:000239417400010 ER PT J AU Mccue, KF Allen, PV Shepherd, LVT Blake, A Whitworth, J Maccree, MM Rockhold, DR Stewart, D Davies, HV Belknap, WR AF McCue, Kent F. Allen, Paul V. Shepherd, Louise V. T. Blake, Alison Whitworth, Jonathan Maccree, M. Malendia Rockhold, David R. Stewart, Derek Davies, Howard V. Belknap, William R. TI The primary in vivo steroidal alkaloid glucosyltransferase from potato SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Solanaceae; potato; molecular genetics; steroidal glycoalkaloids; UDP-glucose; solanidine glucosyltransferase; chaconine; solanine; Sgt1; Sgt2 ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; UDP-GLUCOSE; SOLANIDINE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; ANTISENSE RNA; EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; GENE; GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; GLYCOALKALOIDS AB To provide tools for breeders to control the steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) pathway in potato, we have investigated the steroidal alkaloid glycosyltransferase (Sgt) gene family. The committed step in the SGA pathway is the glycosylation of solanidine by either UDPglucose or UDP-galactose leading to alpha-chaconine or alpha-solanine, respectively. The Sgt2 gene was identified by deduced protein sequence homology to the previously identified Sgt1 gene. SGT1 has glucosyltransferase activity in vitro, but in vivo serves as the UDP-galactose:solanidine galactosyltransferase. Two alleles of the Sgt2 gene were isolated and its function was established with antisense transgenic lines and in vitro assays of recombinant protein. In tubers of transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) cvs. Lenape and Desiree expressing an antisense Sgt2 gene construct, accumulation of alpha-solanine was increased and alpha-chaconine was reduced. Studies with recombinant SGT2 protein purified from yeast show that SGT2 glycosylation activity is highly specific for UDP-glucose as a sugar donor. This data establishes the function of the gene product (SGT2), as the primary UDP-glucose:solanidine glucosyltransferase in vivo. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Qual Hlth & Nutr Programme, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Mccue, KF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kmccue@pw.usda.gov RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009; McCue, Kent/A-8973-2009 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 2006 VL 67 IS 15 BP 1590 EP 1597 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.037 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 086AP UT WOS:000240645800006 PM 16298403 ER PT J AU da Costa, BMT Keasling, JD McMahan, CM Cornish, K AF da Costa, Bernardo M. T. Keasling, Jay D. McMahan, Colleen M. Cornish, Katrina TI Magnesium ion regulation of in vitro rubber biosynthesis by Parthenium argentatum Gray SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Parthenium argentattum; Compositae; Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.; Euphorbiaceae; regulation; rubber transferasel; cis-prenyltransferase; magnesium; FPP; IPP ID UNDECAPRENYL PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; NATURAL-RUBBER; CIS-1,4-POLYISOPRENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ISOPENTENYL PYROPHOSPHATE; TRANSFERASE-ACTIVITY; CROSS-REACTIVITY; GUAYULE; PARTICLES AB Natural rubber is produced by a rubber transferase (a cis-prenyltransferase). Rubber transferase uses allylic pyrophosphate to initiate the rubber molecule and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to form the polymer. Rubber biosynthesis also requires a divalent metal cation. Understanding how molecular weight is regulated is important because high molecular weight is required for high quality rubber. We characterized the in vitro effects of Mg2+ on the biosynthetic rate of rubber produced by an alternative natural rubber crop, Parthenium argentatum (guayule). The affinity of the rubber transferase from P. argentatum for IPP (.) Mg was shown to depend on the Mg2+ concentration in a similar fashion to the H. brasiliensis rubber transferase, although to a less extreme degree. Also, in vitro Mg2+ concentration significantly affects rubber molecular weight of both species, but molecular weight is less sensitive to Mg2+ concentration in P. argentatum than in H. brasiliensis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yulex Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), Yulex Corp, 1945 Camino Vida Roble,Suite C, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM kcornish@yulex.com RI McMahan, Colleen/B-2205-2009; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 2006 VL 67 IS 15 BP 1621 EP 1628 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.04.010 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 086AP UT WOS:000240645800009 PM 16780905 ER PT J AU Burrows, ME Caillaud, MC Smith, DM Benson, EC Gildow, FE Gray, SM AF Burrows, M. E. Caillaud, M. C. Smith, D. M. Benson, E. C. Gildow, F. E. Gray, S. M. TI Genetic regulation of polerovirus and luteovirus transmission in the aphid Schizaphis graminum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circulative; nonpropagative transmission; insect genetics; real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; BYDV-PAV TRANSMISSION; POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS; SITOBION-AVENAE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; MYZUS-PERSICAE; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; ORAL-SUSCEPTIBILITY; GEOGRAPHIC STRAINS AB Sexual forms of two genotypes of the aphid Schizaphis graminum, one a vector, the other a nonvector of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease (Barley yellow dwarf virus [BYDV]-SGV, luteovirus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, polerovirus), were mated to generate F1 and F2 populations. Segregation of the transmission phenotype for both viruses in the F1 and F2 populations indicated that the transmission phenotype is under genetic control and that the parents are heterozygous for genes involved in transmission. The ability to transmit both viruses was correlated within the F1 and F2 populations, suggesting that a major gene or linked genes regulate the transmission. However, individual hybrid genotypes differed significantly in their ability to transmit each virus, indicating that in addition to a major gene, minor genes can affect the transmission of each virus independently. Gut and salivary gland associated transmission barriers were identified in the nonvector parent and some progeny, while other progeny possessed only a gut barrier or a salivary gland barrier. Hemolymph factors do not appear to be involved in determining the transmission phenotype. These results provide direct evidence that aphid transmission of luteoviruses is genetically regulated in the insect and that the tissue-specific barriers to virus transmission are not genetically linked. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gray, SM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM SMG3@cornell.edu NR 57 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 96 IS 8 BP 828 EP 837 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0828 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 067UY UT WOS:000239329300004 PM 18943747 ER PT J AU Cowger, C Silva-Rojas, HV AF Cowger, Christina Silva-Rojas, Hilda Victoria TI Frequency of Phaeosphaeria nodorum, the sexual stage of Stagronospora nodorum, on winter wheat in North Carolina SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptosphaeria nodorum; pseudothecia; Septoria nodorum ID ANAMORPH STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; LEPTOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; SEPTORIA DISEASES; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; REPRODUCTION; RESISTANCE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Ascocarps of Phaeosphaeria nodorum, which causes Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) of wheat, have not been found by others in the eastern United States despite extensive searches. We sampled tissues from living wheat plants or wheat debris in Kinston, NC, each month except June from May to October 2003. Additional wheat samples were gathered in Kinston, Salisbury, and Plymouth, NC, in 2004 and 2005. For the 3 years, in all, 2,781 fruiting bodies were dissected from the wheat tissues and examined microscopically. Fruiting bodies were tallied as R nodorum pycnidia or ascocarps, "unknown" (not containing spores, potentially P. nodorum or other fungi), or "other fungi." In the 2003 sample, ascocarps of P. nodorum were present each month after May at a frequency of 0.8 to 5.4%, and comprised a significantly higher percentage of fruiting bodies from wheat spikes than of those from lower stems and leaves. Ascocarps also were found at frequencies < 10% in some wheat debris samples from 2004 and 2005. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of internally transcribed spacer regions of 18 genetically distinct North Carolina isolates from 2003 suggested that all were P. nodorum, not the morphologically similar P. avenaria f. sp. triticea. Neither the 18 isolates from 2003 nor a set of 77 isolates derived from 2004 Kinston leaf samples gave reason to suspect a mating-type imbalance in the larger P. nodorum population (P >= 0.4). We conclude that, in North Carolina, sexual reproduction plays a role in initiation of SNB epidemics and the creation of adaptively useful genetic variability, although its relative importance in structuring this population is uncertain. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Colegio Postgrad, Inst Recursos Genet & Prod, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Cowger, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM christina_cowger@ncsu.edu NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 96 IS 8 BP 860 EP 866 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0860 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 067UY UT WOS:000239329300008 PM 18943751 ER PT J AU Mckay, DL Blumberg, JB AF McKay, Diane L. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.) SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Mentha piperita; peppermint oil; menthol; herbal tea; tisane; dyspepsia ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; SHORT-TERM TOXICITY; SWISS ALBINO MICE; CANINE AIRWAY EPITHELIUM; SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-1; IN-VITRO; CARAWAY OIL; FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most widely consumed single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. Peppermint tea, brewed from the plant leaves, and the essential oil of peppermint are used in traditional medicines. Evidence-based research regarding the bioactivity of this herb is reviewed. The phenolic constituents of the leaves include rosmarinic acid and several flavonoids, primarily eriocitrin, luteolin and hesperidin. The main volatile components of the essential oil are menthol and menthone. In vitro, peppermint has significant antimicrobial and antiviral activities, strong antioxidant and antitumor actions, and some antiallergenic potential. Animal model studies demonstrate a relaxation effect on gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, analgesic and anesthetic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system, immunomodulating actions and chemopreventive potential. Human studies on the GI, respiratory tract and analgesic effects of peppermint oil and its constituents have been reported. Several clinical trials examining the effects of peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms have been conducted. However, human studies of peppermint leaf are limited and clinical trials of peppermint tea are absent. Adverse reactions to peppermint tea have not been reported, although caution has been urged for peppermint oil therapy in patients with GI reflux, hiatal hernia or kidney stones. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mckay, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM diane.mckay@tufts.edu RI Komsa, Ildiko/G-7751-2011 NR 195 TC 150 Z9 161 U1 14 U2 99 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 20 IS 8 BP 619 EP 633 DI 10.1002/ptr.1936 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 075BT UT WOS:000239857900001 PM 16767798 ER PT J AU Cohen, MF Mazzola, M AF Cohen, Michael F. Mazzola, Mark TI Resident bacteria, nitric oxide emission and particle size modulate the effect of Brassica napus seed meal on disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE apple; disease suppression; nitrification; Pythium; rhizoctonia root rot; Streptomyces ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; PLANT-PATHOGENS; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; ROOTS; PHYTOPHTHORA; SENSITIVITY; RESISTANCE; METALAXYL AB Amendment of orchard soil with low-glucosinolate Brassica napus (rape) seed meal (RSM) suppresses infection of apple roots by Rhizoctonia solani but increases incidence of Pythium spp. infection. Following incorporation of Brassica sp. seed meals, soils were monitored for changes in populations of selected saprophytic and plant pathogenic microorganisms. When conducted in pasteurized soil, which possessed high numbers of Bacillus spp. and lower than detectable numbers of Streptomyces spp., RSM amendment did not provide control of R. solani. Populations of streptomycetes in RSM-amended soil increased to stable levels > 20-fold higher than in non-amended soil. Disease suppressiveness was restored to pasteurized RSM-amended soil by adding any of several Streptomyces strains. Maximal rates of nitrification in orchard soil, determined by nitric oxide emission, were observed within two weeks following RSM amendment and inhibition of nitrification via application of nitrapyrin abolished the capacity of RSM to suppress R. solani infection of apple roots when seedlings were planted one day after soil amendment. Apple seedling mortality and Pythium spp. root infection were highest for seedlings planted immediately following incorporation of B. napus cv. Athena RSM, particularly when meal was added in a flake rather than powder form. Lower infection frequencies were observed for seedlings planted four weeks after RSM incorporation, even for soil in which densities of culturable Pythium spp. had not declined. Our results demonstrate that suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot in response to RSM amendment requires the activity of the resident soil microbiota and that initial disease control is associated with the generation of nitric oxide through the process of nitrification. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2006 VL 286 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-9027-1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 084SX UT WOS:000240555800007 ER PT J AU Wang, KH McSorley, R Kokalis-Burelle, N AF Wang, K. -H. McSorley, R. Kokalis-Burelle, N. TI Effects of cover cropping, solarization, and soil fumigation on nematode communities SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE cover crop; integrated management; methyl bromide alternatives; nematode ecology; solarization; structure index ID BROMIDE STERILIZED SOILS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; VEGETABLE CROPS; SOILBORNE PESTS; FEEDING-HABITS; HOST STATUS; AMENDMENT; PLANT; MANAGEMENT AB Impacts of sustainable soil-borne pest management strategies on the soil ecosystem were compared to that of methyl bromide fumigation using nematode community analysis. A field experiment was conducted in 2003 and repeated in 2004. Soil treatments carried out in summer months included methyl bromide (MB) fumigation, solarization (S) for 6 weeks, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cover cropping for 3 months (CP), combination of solarization and cowpea cover cropping (S + CP), and a weedy fallow throughout the summer used as a control (C). All treated plots were planted to pepper (Capsicum annuum) after the application of the treatments at the end of the summer. In general, responses of nematode communities to soil treatments were more obvious at pepper planting than at 4 months after planting. In 2003, initial population densities of bacterivores and fungivores at pepper planting followed a hypothesized pattern of MB > S > S + CP > CP > C. However, this perturbation did not persist after a cycle of vigorous growth of a pepper crop. Omnivorous nematodes were the most sensitive nematode trophic group, with impact from soil treatment lasting until the end of the pepper crop. Nematode community indices such as ratio of fungivores to fungivores plus bacterivores, richness, and structure index were especially useful in detecting impacts by the various soil treatments. While disturbance from MB on the nematode communities lasted at least until the end of the pepper crop, that from the solarization often reduced or disappeared at the end of the experiment. The CP treatment enhanced many of the beneficial nematodes but failed to suppress the final population densities of herbivorous nematodes at pepper harvest (Pf). However, CP + S consistently reduced the Pf of herbivores to levels equivalent to MB in both years, whereas, this level of suppression could not be achieved by either CP or solarization alone. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Wang, KH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM koonhui@ufl.edu NR 53 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2006 VL 286 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-9040-4 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 084SX UT WOS:000240555800019 ER PT J AU Halvorson, JJ Gonzalez, JM AF Halvorson, Jonathan J. Gonzalez, Javier M. TI Bradford reactive soil protein in Appalachian soils: distribution and response to incubation, extraction reagent and tannins SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE glomalin; Bradford reactive soil protein; BSRP; extractants; tannins; soil carbon; soil nitrogen ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; AGGREGATE STABILITY; GLOMALIN PRODUCTION; FLOODPLAIN SOILS; FOREST SOILS; CARBON; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; HYPHAE AB Bradford reactive soil protein (BRSP) is thought to correlate to glomalin, an important soil glycoprotein that promotes soil aggregate formation and may represent a significant pool of stable soil organic matter (SOM). However, more information is needed about its importance in Appalachian soils and its relationships with other soil properties. We measured BRSP in 0-20 cm soil from pastures, hayfields, cultivated fields or forest areas in southern West Virginia. Highest amounts of BRSP were found near the soil surface and decreased significantly with depth for all land uses except cultivated sites. Forest and pasture sites contained more BRSP than hayfields or cultivated fields but these differences occurred only in the 0-5 cm depth. Overall averages of C and N in BRSP represented about 4.0 and 6.5% of the total soil C and N respectively. During a 395 day soil incubation, we found CO2-C evolution rates comparable to other studies but only small changes in BRSP (< 10%) including some evidence for increases during incubation. Sodium citrate, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium oxalate recovered significantly more BRSP from soil than the other extractants we tested with highest extraction efficiencies observed for sodium citrate and pyrophosphate. Recovery of BRSP appears related to negative charge and buffering capacity of both the soil and extractant. Extractants with low negative charge had little buffering capacity and yielded little BRSP. Tannic acid appeared to increase extraction of BRSP but less soluble-N was recovered from tannin-treated samples than from untreated controls and E4/E6, the ratio of absorbance at 465 and 665 nm, decreased, evidence for the formation of larger or heavier molecules. Formation of dark-colored substances during extraction suggests the colorimetric Bradford assay may overestimate soil protein when tannins are present. Recovery of less soluble-N from soil extracts and lower E4/E6 ratios suggests tannins may bind with soil constituents themselves or form non-extractable N-containing complexes. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Halvorson, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Jonathan.Halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2006 VL 286 IS 1-2 BP 339 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-9047-x PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 084SX UT WOS:000240555800026 ER PT J AU Lubberstedt, T Ingvardsen, C Melchinger, AE Xing, Y Salomon, R Redinbaugh, MG AF Lubberstedt, T. Ingvardsen, C. Melchinger, A. E. Xing, Y. Salomon, R. Redinbaugh, M. G. TI Two chromosome segments confer multiple potyvirus resistance in maize SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; potyvirus resistance; sugarcane mosaic virus; maize dwarf mosaic virus; wheat streak mosaic virus; zea mosaic virus ID SUGARCANE MOSAIC-VIRUS; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; SCMV RESISTANCE; GENETIC-BASIS; AFLP MARKERS; DWARF VIRUS; GERMPLASM; IDENTIFICATION; MDMV; SSR AB Potyviruses cause serious yield losses in maize production worldwide. While the maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) predominates in the USA, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a major pathogen in China and Germany. In previous studies, inbred FAP1360A revealed complete resistance against both MDMV and SCMV. Two major SCMV resistance genes, Scmv1 and Scmv2, were located on chromosomes 6 and 3, respectively, in populations derived from crosses with the susceptible inbred line F7. For validation of these results obtained in segregating backcross- or F-2:3-populations, near-isogenic lines to F7 have been produced after one initial cross to FAP1360A by repeated backcrossing to F7, phenotypic selection for SCMV resistance, and marker-assisted selection for the Scmv1 and Scmv2 regions from FAP1360A. The near-isogenic line F7R has been studied in detail both at the genomic level and for resistance to different potyviruses. Based on 112 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers, F7R received genomic segments introgressed from FAP1360A exclusively in the Scmv1 and Scmv2 chromosomal regions. F7R conferred complete resistance to SCMV and MDMV, but also to zea mosaic virus and to systemic infection by wheat streak mosaic virus. FAP1360A, F7, F7R were not systemically infected by high plains virus. Thus, introgression of Scmv1 and Scmv2 from FAP1360A into F7 was sufficient to generate the first potyvirus multiresistant European Flint line reported so far. C1 Danish Inst Agr Sci, Res Ctr Flakkebjerg, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. Univ Hohenheim, Inst 350A, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA, ARS Corn & Soybean Res, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Lubberstedt, T (reprint author), Danish Inst Agr Sci, Res Ctr Flakkebjerg, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. EM thomas.luebberstedt@agrsci.dk RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 125 IS 4 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01244.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 075PS UT WOS:000239898300008 ER PT J AU Simko, I Costanzo, S Ramanjulu, V Christ, BJ Haynes, KG AF Simko, I. Costanzo, S. Ramanjulu, V. Christ, B. J. Haynes, K. G. TI Mapping polygenes for tuber resistance to late blight in a diploid Solanum phureja x S-stenotomum hybrid population SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Solanum spec.; tuber blight; resistance; maturity; polygene mapping ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS MONT.; GENETIC-LINKAGE; POTATO FAMILY; FOLIAGE; MATURITY; CULTIVARS; TESTS; BARY; QTL AB Potato tuber blight is a disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Due to the significant economic impact of this disease. introgression of durable resistance into the cultivated potato is one of the top priorities of breeding programmes worldwide. Though numerous resistance loci against this devastating disease have already been mapped, most of the detected loci are contributing towards foliar resistance while specific information on tuber resistance is limited. To identify the genetic components of tuber resistance and its relationship to foliar resistance and plant maturity we have investigated the host-pathogen interaction in a segregating diploid hybrid Solanum phureja x S. stenotomum family. Mature tubers from this mapping family were inoculated with a sporangial suspension of P. infestans (US-8 clonal lineage) and evaluated for lesion expansion. No significant correlation was detected between late blight resistance in foliage and tubers, and between plant maturity and tuber resistance. Four chromosomal regions were significantly associated with tuber resistance to the disease. The largest effect was detected near the marker locus PSC (LOD 10.7) located on chromosome 10. This locus explained about 63% of the total phenotypic variation of the trait. The other three resistance-related loci were mapped on chromosomes 8 (GP1282, LOD 4.4), 6 (CP18, LOD 4.0) and 2 (CP157, LOD 3.8). None of the four tuber resistance loci coincides with the foliage resistance loci detected in this same family. Tuber blight resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2, 8 and 10 are distinct from the maturity QTLs and have an additive effect on tuber resistance. These results indicate that different genes are involved in foliar and tuber resistance to P. infestans in the present family and that some of the resistance genes might be associated with late maturity. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM isimko@pw.ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 125 IS 4 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01232.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 075PS UT WOS:000239898300014 ER PT J AU Maier, CA Clinton, BD AF Maier, CA Clinton, BD TI Relationship between stem CO2 efflux, stem sap velocity and xylem CO2 concentration in young loblolly pine trees SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE chambers; CO2; microelectrode; Granier sensors; Pinus taeda; sap flow; stem respiration ID BRANCH MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; FLOW MEASUREMENTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; WOODY-PLANTS; WITHIN-TREE; LEAF-AREA; WATER-USE AB We measured diel patterns of stem surface CO2 efflux (E-s, mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), sap velocity (v(s), mm s(-1)) and xylem CO2 concetration ([CO2]) (X-s, %) in 8-year-old loblolly pine trees during the spring to determine how v(s) and X-s influence E-s. All trees showed a strong diel hysteresis between E-s and stem temperature, where at a given temperature, E-s was lower during the day than at night. Diel variations in temperature-independent E-s were correlated with v(s) (R-2 = 0.54), such that at maximum v(s), E-s was reduced between 18 and 40%. However, this correlation may not represent a cause-and-effect relationship. In a subset of trees, v(s) was artificially reduced by progressively removing the tree canopy. Reducing v(s) to near zero had no effect on E-s and did not change the diel hysteretic response to temperature. Diel X-s tended to decrease with v(s) and increase with E-s, however, in defoliated trees, large increases in X-s, when v(s) approximate to 0, had no effect on E-s. We conclude that at this time of the year, E-s is driven primarily by respiration of cambium and phloem tissues and that sap flow and xylem transport of CO2 had no direct influence on E-s. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Maier, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cmaier@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1471 EP 1483 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01511.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 057WC UT WOS:000238624900002 PM 16898011 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI How do leaf hydraulics limit stomatal conductance at high water vapour pressure deficits? SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide concentration; hydraulic conductance; leaf water potential; transpiration ID APPARENT FEEDFORWARD RESPONSE; VICIA-FABA L; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ABSCISIC-ACID; GAS-EXCHANGE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; XYLEM CAVITATION; OSMOTIC-STRESS; ABI2-1 MUTANTS; GUARD-CELLS AB A reduction in leaf stomatal conductance (g) with increasing leaf-to-air difference in water vapour pressure (D) is nearly ubiquitous. Ecological comparisons of sensitivity have led to the hypothesis that the reduction in g with increasing D serves to maintain leaf water potentials above those that would cause loss of hydraulic conductance. A reduction in leaf water potential is commonly hypothesized to cause stomatal closure at high D. The importance of these particular hydraulic factors was tested by exposing Abutilon theophrasti, Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum and Xanthium strumarium to D high enough to reduce g and then decreasing ambient carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), and observing the resulting changes in g, transpiration rate and leaf water potential, and their reversibility. Reducing the [CO2] at high D increased g and transpiration rate and lowered leaf water potential. The abnormally high transpiration rates did not result in reductions in hydraulic conductance. Results indicate that low water potential effects on g at high D could be overcome by low [CO2], and that even lower leaf water potentials did not cause a reduction in hydraulic conductance in these well-watered plants. Reduced g at high D in these species resulted primarily from increased stomatal sensitivity to [CO2] at high D, and this increased sensitivity may mediate stomatal responses to leaf hydraulics at high D. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM buncej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1644 EP 1650 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01541.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 057WC UT WOS:000238624900015 PM 16898024 ER PT J AU Rogers, A Gibon, Y Stitt, M Morgan, PB Bernacchi, CJ Ort, DR Long, SP AF Rogers, A Gibon, Y Stitt, M Morgan, PB Bernacchi, CJ Ort, DR Long, SP TI Increased C availability at elevated carbon dioxide concentration improves N assimilation in a legume SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE amino acids; carbohydrate; elevated CO2; free air CO2; enrichment (FACE); legumes; ureides ID SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLYCINE-MAX; RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; GROWTH; FIELD AB Plant growth is typically stimulated at elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), but a sustained and maximal stimulation of growth requires acquisition of additional N in proportion to the additional C fixed at elevated [CO2]. We hypothesized that legumes would be able to avoid N limitation at elevated [CO2]. Soybean was grown without N fertilizer from germination to final senescence at elevated [CO2] over two growing seasons under fully open-air conditions, providing a model legume system. Measurements of photosynthesis and foliar carbohydrate content showed that plants growing at elevated [CO2] had a c. 25% increase in the daily integral of photosynthesis and c. 58% increase in foliar carbohydrate content, suggesting that plants at elevated [CO2] had a surplus of photosynthate. Soybeans had a low leaf N content at the beginning of the season, which was a further c. 17% lower at elevated [CO2]. In the middle of the season, ureide, total amino acid and N content increased markedly, and the effect of elevated [CO2] on leaf N content disappeared. Analysis of individual amino acid levels supported the conclusion that plants at elevated [CO2] overcame an early-season N limitation. These soybean plants showed a c. 16% increase in dry mass at final harvest and showed no significant effect of elevated [CO2] on leaf N, protein or total amino acid content in the latter part of the season. One possible explanation for these findings is that N fixation had increased, and that these plants had acclimated to the increased N demand at elevated [CO2]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. USDA, ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Rogers, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM arogers@bnl.gov RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Gibon, Yves/B-9919-2011; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 47 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 52 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1651 EP 1658 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01549.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 057WC UT WOS:000238624900016 PM 16898025 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bottner, KD Munyaneza, JE Davis, RE Crosslin, JM du Toit, LJ Crosby, T AF Lee, Ing-Ming Bottner, Kristi D. Munyaneza, Joseph E. Davis, Robert E. Crosslin, James M. du Toit, Lindsey J. Crosby, Todd TI Carrot purple leaf: A new spiroplasmal disease associated with carrots in Washington state SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BLTVA ID TRANSMITTED VIRESCENCE AGENT; BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; BRITTLE ROOT; PHYTOPLASMAS; CICADELLIDAE; HORSERADISH; PLANTS; CITRI AB During the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004, a disease occurred in several carrot crops in south central Washington with symptoms suggestive of infection by phytopathogenic mollicutes (phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas). In the fall, many affected carrot plants exhibited extensive purple or yellow-purple leaf discoloration, general stunting of shoots and taproots, and formation of bunchy. fibrous secondary roots. For detection of the putative causal agents, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed using primers specific to phytoplasmas as well as primers specific to plant-pathogenic spiroplasmas. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences revealed that about 81% of affected plants showing dark purple or yellow-purple leaf symptoms tested positive for Spiroplasma citri. Of affected plants showing mild purple discoloration of leaf margins, 18% tested positive for a phytoplasma strain belonging to the clover proliferation group (16SrVI), subgroup 16SrVI-A, and 11% for another phytoplasma strain belonging to the aster yellows group (16Srl), subgroup 16SrI-A. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned 16S rDNA confirmed the phytoplasma group affiliations. Some symptomatic plants were co-infected with S. citri and either aster yellows phytoplasma or clover proliferation group phytoplasma. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of spiroplasma infection of carrot in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. Mercer Ranch, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 989 EP 993 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0989 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500002 ER PT J AU Malinowski, T Cambra, M Capote, N Zawadzka, B Gorris, MT Scorza, R Ravelonandro, M AF Malinowski, T. Cambra, M. Capote, N. Zawadzka, B. Gorris, M. T. Scorza, R. Ravelonandro, M. TI Field trials of plum clones transformed with the Plum pox virus coat protein (PPV-CP) gene SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE PDR; Sharka disease; transgenic plum ID PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; TRANSGENIC PLUM; RESISTANCE; POTYVIRUS; TREES; RNA AB Transgenic clones C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and PT-6, of plum (Prunus domestica L.) transformed with the coat protein (CP) gene of Plum pox virus (PPV), PT-23 transformed with marker genes only, and nontransgenic B70146 were evaluated for sharka resistance under high infection pressure in field trials in Poland and Spain. These sites differed in climatic conditions and virus isolates. Transgenic clone C5 showed high resistance to PPV at both sites. None of the C5 trees became naturally infected by aphids during seven (Spain) or eight (Poland) years of the test, although up to 100% of other plum trees (transgenic clones and nontransgenic control plants) grown in the same conditions showed disease symptoms and tested positively for PPV. Although highly resistant, C5 trees could be infected artificially by chip budding or via susceptible rootstock. Infected C5 trees showed only a few mild symptoms on single, isolated shoots, even up to 8 years post inoculation. These results clearly indicate the long-term nature and high level of resistance to PPV obtained through genetically engineered resistance. C1 Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Valencia, Spain. IVIA, Valencia, Spain. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. INRA, Inst Biol Vegetale Mol, Bordeaux, France. RP Malinowski, T (reprint author), Inst Sadownictwa & Kwiaciarstwa, Skierniewice, Poland. EM tmalin@insad.pl RI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/O-6367-2014; Capote, Nieves/C-5432-2016 OI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/0000-0003-2170-9521; Capote, Nieves/0000-0003-1819-2445 NR 27 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1012 EP 1018 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1012 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500006 ER PT J AU Gabler, FM Fassel, R Mercier, J Smilanick, JL AF Gabler, F. Mlikota Fassel, R. Mercier, J. Smilanick, J. L. TI Influence of temperature, inoculation interval, and dosage on biofumigation with Muscodor albus to control postharvest gray mold on grapes SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TABLE GRAPES; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; COLD-STORAGE; DECAY; ATMOSPHERES; ETHANOL; BICARBONATE; FUMIGATION; QUALITY; PEACHES AB Control of postharvest gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on Thompson Seedless grape by biofumigation with a rye grain formulation of Muscodor albus, a fungus that produces volatiles lethal to many microorganisms, was evaluated. The influences of temperature, biofumigant dosage, and interval between inoculation and treatment on disease incidence and severity on detached single berries were assessed. When biofumigation began within 24 h after inoculation, higher M. albus dosages (>= 50 a of the M. albus grain formulation per kilogram of grapes at 20 degrees C or 100 g/kg at 5 degrees C) stopped infections and control persisted after M. albus removal. Biofumigation was more effective at 20 than 5 degrees C. Among inoculated clusters inside clamshell boxes incubated for 7 days at 15 degrees C, gray mold incidence was reduced from 20.2% among untreated grape fruit to less than 1%. when >= 5 g of the formulation per kilogram of grapes was added. Among grape berries commercially packaged in ventilated polyethylene cluster bags incubated for 7 days at 15 degrees C. gray mold incidence was 40.5% among untreated fruit and 11.1 or 6.7% when the formulation at 5 or 20 g/kg, respectively, had been added. In the same packaging, among grape berries incubated for 28 days at 0.5 degrees C, gray mold incidence was 42.8% among untreated fruit and 4.8 or 4.0% when the formulation at 5 or 10 g/kg, respectively, had been added. Lower dosages (<= 20 g/kg) suppressed disease development while M. albus was present; however, after their removal. B. cinerea resumed growth and gray mold incidence increased. Placement of M. albits inside grape packages significantly controlled gray mold and may be a feasible approach to manage postharvest decay of table grape. C1 San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Inst Adriat Crops, Split 21000, Croatia. PACE Int, LLC, Visalia, CA 93291 USA. AgraQuest Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gabler, FM (reprint author), San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gabe@sti.net NR 33 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1019 EP 1025 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1019 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500007 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, L Sorrells, ME Gray, SM Bergstrom, GC AF Cadle-Davidson, L. Sorrells, M. E. Gray, S. M. Bergstrom, G. C. TI Identification of small grains genotypes resistant to Soilborne wheat mosaic virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; POLYMYXA-GRAMINIS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; TRANSMISSION; ENVIRONMENT; CULTIVARS; VECTOR; ASSAY; BAYMV AB Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) was detected in New York in 1998 for the first time and has been associated with yield loss where identified. We assessed 115 regionally adapted small grains genotypes for resistance to SBWMV over four growing seasons. Resistance to SBWMV reduces the percentage of plants that develop detectable viral titer and symptoms. Logistic regression was used to analyze disease incidence data and was compared with a general linear model for categorizing relative resistance to SBWMV. Logistic regression facilitated assessment of the effects of small sample size, low disease incidence, and nonuniform disease distribution. By increasing sample size from 20 to 30 stems per replicate, the number of resistance categories was increased through improved resolution of intermediate resistance classes. In environments with low disease incidence, the number of genotypes categorized as susceptible decreased while intermediate genotypes appeared to be resistant in the analysis. Inclusion of disease distribution data as covanates in a spatially balanced experiment did not increase the power of the logistic analysis. No genotype assessed in multiple years was immune to infection. However, 41 of the regionally adapted genotypes tested repeatedly expressed strong resistance to SBWMV, providing growers a choice of cultivars resistant to SBWMV. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Bergstrom, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gcb3@cornell.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1039 EP 1044 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1039 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500010 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, L Sorrells, ME Gray, SM Bergstrom, GC AF Cadle-Davidson, L. Sorrells, M. E. Gray, S. M. Bergstrom, G. C. TI Identification of small grains genotypes resistant to Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Bymovirus; disease gradient; logistic regression; Polymyxa graminis ID POLYMYXA-GRAMINIS; WINTER-WHEAT; NEW-YORK; VIRAL DISEASES; BYMOVIRUSES; VECTOR; BAYMV AB Once Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) becomes established in a field, the only available control strategy is the planting of resistant genotypes. In this study, we assessed 112 genotypes of winter wheat, rye, triticale, and barley for resistance to WSSMV in a 3-year trial in a field that had been used continuously for WSSMV evaluation for over 20 years. Because resistance to WSSMV reduces the percentage of plants that develop detectable virus titer and symptoms, we collected and analyzed disease incidence data. None of the genotypes was immune to infection. Sixty-two of the regionally adapted genotypes repeatedly expressed resistance to WSSMV. thus providing growers with a choice of cultivars resistant to WSSMV. Because of a significant interaction between genotypes and environment (year), genotypes should be assessed for incidence of symptomatic plants in multiple years, particularly when differentiating intermediate responses from highly susceptible and highly resistant responses. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Protect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bergstrom, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gcb3@cornell.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1045 EP 1050 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1045 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500011 ER PT J AU Cintas, NA Koike, ST Bunch, RA Bull, CT AF Cintas, N. A. Koike, S. T. Bunch, R. A. Bull, C. T. TI Holdover inoculum of Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis from broccoli raab causes disease in subsequent plantings SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE crop rotation; fallow; myxobacteria ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; NON-HOST PLANTS; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; XANTHOMONAS-PHASEOLI; COMMON BEANS; SURVIVAL; SOIL; GLYCINEA; DEBRIS AB Uniform plots of broccoli raab (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) seedlings were inoculated with a rifampicin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis, the causal agent of bacterial blight on crucifers. resulting in 100% disease incidence in mature plants. Diseased plants were incorporated into the soil at maturity and smaller replicated plots were replanted at various times after incorporation. Rifampicin-resistant fluorescent pseudomonads with rep-PCR profiles identical to P. syringae pv. alisalensis were isolated from lesions on plants grown in soil into which the first diseased crop was incorporated. Disease incidence declined in mature plants as the length of time between incorporation of the first planting and seeding of the replanted plots increased. Bacterial population levels in soil decreased over time and bacteria were no longer detectable 3 weeks after incorporation of the diseased crop. In laboratory tests, population levels of P. syringae pv. alisalensis decreased in untreated soil but not in autoclaved soil. Greenhouse studies demonstrated a direct correlation between population levels of P. syringae pv. alisatensis applied to soil and disease incidence in seedlings. However, the decline in bacterial populations in field soils did not wholly account for the decline in disease incidence with subsequent plantings. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif, Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. DArrigo Bros Co, Salinas, CA 93902 USA. RP Cintas, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, 1636 E Alisal Ave, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1077 EP 1084 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1077 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500017 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, R. G. TI Frequency and pathogenicity of dematiaceous hyphomycetes on annual ryegrass overseeded on bermudagrass in Mississippi SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Fungal diseases of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), a cool-season species grown for forage and turf in the southeastern United States, and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.). a warm-season perennial, usually are considered distinct. In May 2002 and 2004, symptoms of leaf and stem necrosis were observed simultaneously in forage bermudagrass and overseeded annual ryegrass on a swine waste application site in Mississippi. Sporulation by nine species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum was observed on symptomatic leaves of ryegrass that were surface disinfested and plated on agar each year, and axenic cultures were established by spore transfers. These isolations represent four new worldwide and two new North American records of occurrence of fungal pathogens on ryegrass, and three new records for the southeastern United States and Mississippi. Bipolaris cyllodontis, a common bermuda-grass pathogen. and Drechstera dictyoides were observed most frequently on ryegrass during both years. In excised leaves of ryegrass inoculated with infested agar discs, most isolates of B. cynodontis from ryegrass and bermudagrass were equally virulent and caused necrosis equal to or greater than that caused by D. dict),oides, an established ryegrass pathogen. Isolates of B. cynodontis from both hosts also caused similar symptoms in foliage of ryegrass and bermuda-grass following spore inoculations. Pathogenicity to ryegrass of five other species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes that represented new worldwide or North American records of occurrence also was demonstrated by foliar inoculations. All pathogens were reisolated from symptomatic tissues and grown in axenic culture for fulfillment of Koch's postulates. Results demonstrate that most of the same species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes infect both forage ryegrass and bermudagrass in Mississippi and indicate that B. cynodontis, in particular, may be a common and virulent pathogen of ryegrass in the southeastern United States. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rpratt@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1085 EP 1090 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1085 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500018 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Hamm, PB Hane, DC Jaeger, J Brown, CR Shiel, PJ Berger, PH Thornton, RE AF Crosslin, J. M. Hamm, P. B. Hane, D. C. Jaeger, J. Brown, C. R. Shiel, P. J. Berger, P. H. Thornton, R. E. TI The occurrence of PVYO, PVYN, and PVYN : O strains of Potato virus Y in certified potato seed lot trials in Washington and Oregon SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ELISA; monoclonal antibodies; potyvirus; RT-PCR ID MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RUSSET NORKOTAH; UNITED-STATES; 3-PRIMER PCR; DISEASE; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; CULTIVARS AB Totals of 960 and 286 certified potato seed lots from locations across North America were planted in trials in Washington and Oregon, respectively, in 2001 to 2003 and tested for strains of Potato virus Y (PVY). The incidence of PVYO-infected lots averaged 16.4 and 25.9% in the Washington and Oregon trials, respectively. There was a general trend of increasing incidence of the PVYO, PVYN:O, and PVYN strains during this period, as evidenced by more infected cultivars, sites of seed origin, and number of seed growers providing infected seed lots. In particular, there was a dramatic increase in seed lots with the PVYN:O strain from 2002 to 2003. PVYN:O, in contrast to PVYO, which only causes yield reduction, also causes internal and external damage to tubers, making them unmarketable. In 2003, PVYN:O occurred in seed lots originating in eight states and three Canadian provinces. The increased incidence of PVYN:O was likely due to the difficulty in differentiating this strain from PVYO. The prevalence of PVY in potato seed lots documented herein poses a threat to potato production in the United States and suggests that current measures to reduce the incidence of this virus are inadequate. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Hermiston, OR USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA, APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth & Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jcrosslin@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1102 EP 1105 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1102 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500021 ER PT J AU Avanzato, MV da Silveira, RMB Hernandez, JR AF Avanzato, M. V. Borges da Silveira, R. M. Hernandez, J. R. TI First report of Ravenelia spegazziniana on Acacia farnesiana from Brazil SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biodivers & Biol Expt, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. UFRGS, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Avanzato, MV (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biodivers & Biol Expt, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Silveira, Rosa Mara Borges da/D-8762-2013 OI Silveira, Rosa Mara Borges da/0000-0003-1578-5034 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1109 EP 1109 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1109B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500032 ER PT J AU Daughtrey, ML Holcomb, GE Eshenaur, B Palm, ME Belbahri, L Lefort, F AF Daughtrey, M. L. Holcomb, G. E. Eshenaur, B. Palm, M. E. Belbahri, L. Lefort, F. TI First report of downy mildew on greenhouse and landscape coleus caused by a Peronospora sp in Louisiana and New York SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Cornell Univ, Long Isl Hort Res & Extens Ctr, Riverhead, NY 11901 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Cornell Cooperat Extens Monroe Cty, Rochester, NY USA. USDA, APHIS, PPD, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Appl Sci Western Switzerland, Sch Engn Lullier, CH-1254 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Daughtrey, ML (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Long Isl Hort Res & Extens Ctr, Riverhead, NY 11901 USA. RI Belbahri, Lassaad/C-9718-2009 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1111 EP 1111 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1111B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500038 ER PT J AU Chen, YK Jan, FJ Chen, CC Hsu, HT AF Chen, Y. K. Jan, F. J. Chen, C. C. Hsu, H. T. TI A new natural host of Lisianthus necrosis virus in Taiwan SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Taichung Dist Agr Improvement Stn, Changhua 515, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YK (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1112 EP 1112 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1112C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500042 ER PT J AU Assis, FM Harness, A Tiffany, M Gera, A Spiegel, S Adkins, S AF Assis Filho, F. M. Harness, A. Tiffany, M. Gera, A. Spiegel, S. Adkins, S. TI Natural infection of verbena and phlox by a recently described member of the Carmovirus genus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Assis, FM (reprint author), Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1115 EP 1115 DI 10.1094/PD-1115B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066GU UT WOS:000239218500050 ER PT J AU Groover, AT Mansfield, SD DiFazio, SP Dupper, G Fontana, JR Millar, R Wang, Y AF Groover, Andrew T. Mansfield, Shawn D. DiFazio, Stephen P. Dupper, Gayle Fontana, Joseph R. Millar, Ryan Wang, Yvonne TI The Populus homeobox gene ARBORKNOX1 reveals overlapping mechanisms regulating the shoot apical meristem and the vascular cambium SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wood formation; forestry; stem cells; extracellular matrix; cell wall; lignin ID STEM-CELL FATE; ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS; ARABIDOPSIS; WUSCHEL; LIGNIN; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; BREVIPEDICELLUS; DIFFERENTIATION; DEPOSITION AB Secondary growth is supported by a dividing population of meristematic cells within the vascular cambium whose daughter cells are recruited to differentiate within secondary phloem and xylem tissues. We cloned a Populus Class 1 KNOX homeobox gene, ARBORKNOX1 (ARK1), which is orthologous to Arabidopsis SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). ARK1 is expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the vascular cambium, and is down-regulated in the terminally differentiated cells of leaves and secondary vascular tissues that are derived from these meristems. Transformation of Populus with either ARK1 or STM over-expression constructs results in similar morphological phenotypes characterized by inhibition of the differentiation of leaves, internode elongation, and secondary vascular cell types in stems. Microarray analysis showed that 41% of genes up-regulated in the stems of ARK1 over-expressing plants encode proteins involved in extracellular matrix synthesis or modification, including proteins involved in cell identity and signaling, cell adhesion, or cell differentiation. These gene expression differences are reflected in alterations of cell wall biochemistry and lignin composition in ARK1 over-expressing plants. Our results suggest that ARK1 has a complex mode of action that may include regulating cell fates through modification of the extracellular matrix. Our findings support the hypothesis that the SAM and vascular cambium are regulated by overlapping genetic programs. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Groover, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1100 W Chiles Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 61 IS 6 BP 917 EP 932 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-0059-y PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 077HH UT WOS:000240019400006 PM 16927204 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Gergerich, RC Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, I. E. Gergerich, R. C. Martin, R. R. TI A new Ilarvirus found in rose SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 4 BP 568 EP 568 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01410.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 064UV UT WOS:000239115700022 ER PT J AU Phillips-Mora, W Coutino, A Ortiz, CF Lopez, AP Hernandez, J Aime, MC AF Phillips-Mora, W. Coutino, A. Ortiz, C. F. Lopez, A. P. Hernandez, J. Aime, M. C. TI First report of Moniliophthora roreri causing frosty pod rot (moniliasis disease) of cocoa in Mexico SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Subsecretaria Desarrollo Rural Estado Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Colegio Posgrad, Tabasco, Mexico. INIFAP, Tabasco, Mexico. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips-Mora, W (reprint author), Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr, POB 7170 CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. EM wphillip@catie.ac.cr NR 3 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 4 BP 584 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01418.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 064UV UT WOS:000239115700054 ER PT J AU Phillips-Mora, W Cawich, J Garnett, W Aime, MC AF Phillips-Mora, W. Cawich, J. Garnett, W. Aime, M. C. TI First report of frosty pod rot (moniliasis disease) caused by Moniliophthora roreri on cacao in Belize SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr, Turrialba, Costa Rica. IICA, Belmopan, Belize. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips-Mora, W (reprint author), Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr, POB 7170 CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. EM wphillip@catie.ac.cr NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 4 BP 584 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01378.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 064UV UT WOS:000239115700053 ER PT J AU Filichkin, SA Wu, Q Busov, V Meilan, R Lanz-Garcia, C Groover, A Goldfarb, B Ma, CP Dharmawardhana, P Brunner, A Strauss, SH AF Filichkin, Sergei A. Wu, Qian Busov, Victor Meilan, Richard Lanz-Garcia, Carmen Groover, Andrew Goldfarb, Barry Ma, Caiping Dharmawardhana, Palitha Brunner, Amy Strauss, Steven H. TI Enhancer trapping in woody plants: Isolation of the ET304 gene encoding a putative AT-hook motif transcription factor and characterization of the expression patterns conferred by its promoter in transgenic Populus and Arabidopsis SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Populus; aspen; Arabidopsis; enhancer trap; AT-hook; lateral roots ID LATERAL ROOT INITIATION; AUXIN RESPONSE ELEMENTS; REGULATORY DNA ELEMENTS; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; BINARY VECTOR; THALIANA; TRANSFORMATION; BINDING; PROTEINS; GENOMICS AB Enhancer trapping is a useful tool in isolation of novel genes and functional characterization of promoters directing tissue-specific expression in trees. Using an enhancer trap approach we isolated a novel gene ET304 from Populus (Populus: aspens and cottonwoods). Both ET304 enhancer trap line and putative ET304 promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene conferred strongly root-predominant expression patterns and directed expression to specific root tissue and cell types. GUS activity was detected in lateral root primordia, root apical meristem, elongation zone and cortex. ET304 promoter sequence contained a canonic auxin response element (AuxRE) located upstream of the enhancer trap insertion site. In a synchronized lateral root induction system ET304 promoter conferred an auxin-responsive expression in newly emerging lateral roots of both poplar and Arabidopsis. A detailed histochemical examination of poplar transgenics showed that ET304 promoter was highly active in actively growing lateral roots, their primordia and to a lesser extent-in secondary meristems of aerial organs rich in free endogenous auxin. These results were consistent with the expression profiling of ET304 mRNA in various tissues of mature poplar trees. The analysis of Populus genomic sequence suggested that ET304 represents a large family of putative transcription factors containing a conserved AT-hook motif and DNA binding domain. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Strauss, SH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steve.strauss@oregonstate.edu RI Strauss, Steven/D-4183-2012 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 2 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.03.011 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 062CW UT WOS:000238923200003 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, AP Meyer, SE Fairbanks, DJ Coleman, CE AF Ramakrishnan, AP Meyer, SE Fairbanks, DJ Coleman, CE TI Ecological significance of microsatellite variation in western North American populations of Bromus tectorum SO PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; Bromus tectorum; ecology; genecology; genetics; microsatellite; selection; simple sequence repeat ID SEED-GERMINATION REGULATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; UNITED-STATES; F-ST; POACEAE; MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION; POLYMORPHISM; CHEATGRASS; VARIANCE AB Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass or downy brome) is an exotic annual weed that is abundant in western USA. We examined variation in six microsatellite loci for 17 populations representing a range of habitats in Utah, Idaho, Nevada and Colorado (USA) and then intensively sampled four representative populations, for a total sample size of approximately 1000 individuals. All loci were homozygous, indicating that the species is strongly selfing. Populations consisted of a few common genotypes and variable numbers of rare genotypes. Small sample sizes (n = 10 individuals) were adequate for distinguishing among populations, but larger sample sizes were needed to characterize more diverse populations, particularly in terms of genotype. Large populations contained more genetic diversity than small populations in terms of both number of alleles per locus and number of genotypes. Genetic distance among survey populations was much more strongly correlated with ecological distance (habitat) than with geographical distance, and was also strongly correlated with a suite of adaptively significant seed germination traits. This suggests that similar habitats across the range of B. tectorum in western USA select for specific self-pollinating lines from an array of widely distributed genotypes. Because all traits are effectively linked in this selfing organism, the distribution of adaptively significant genetic variation can be successfully inferred from an examination of microsatellite marker variation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0913-557X J9 PLANT SPEC BIOL JI Plant Spec. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2006.00152.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055PG UT WOS:000238462000001 ER PT J AU Schnurr, JA Storey, KK Jung, HJG Somers, DA Gronwald, JW AF Schnurr, Judy A. Storey, Kathleen K. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Somers, David A. Gronwald, John W. TI UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase is essential for pollen development in Arabidopsis SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; intine; pollen; Quartet; UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase; USP ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; GLUCURONIC ACID PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; GAMETOPHYTIC MUTANTS; PATTERN-FORMATION; PLANT PROTEIN; THALIANA; EXINE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (AtUSP) is a broad substrate enzyme that synthesizes nucleotide sugars. The products of the AtUSP reaction can act as precursors for the synthesis of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and cell wall components including pectin and hemicellulose. AtUSP has no close homologs in Arabidopsis and its biological function has not been clearly defined. We identified two T-DNA insertional mutant lines for AtUSP, usp-1 and usp-2. No homozygous individuals were identified and progeny from plants heterozygous for usp-1 or usp-2 showed a 1:1 segregation ratio under selection. Despite decreased levels of both AtUSP transcript and USP activity (UDP-GlcA -> GlcA-1-P), heterozygous plants were indistinguishable from wild type at all stages of development. Reciprocal test crosses indicated the source of the segregation distortion was lack of transmission through the male gametophyte. Analysis of pollen tetrads from usp-1 in the quartet background revealed a 2:2 ratio of normal:collapsed pollen grains. The collapsed pollen grains were not viable as determined by Alexander's viability and DAPI staining, and pollen germination tests. The pollen phenotype of usp-1 was complemented by transformation of usp-1 with the AtUSP cDNA sequence. Surface and ultrastructural analyses of pollen from wild-type and usp mutants demonstrated that the mutation had no apparent effect on the outer wall (exine) but prevented the synthesis of the pectocellulosic inner wall (intine). Evidence presented here shows that AtUSP has a critical role in pollen development. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gronw001@umn.edu NR 41 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 2006 VL 224 IS 3 BP 520 EP 532 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0240-1 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 071HZ UT WOS:000239591900004 PM 16557401 ER PT J AU Cazzonelli, CI Velten, J AF Cazzonelli, Christopher Ian Velten, Jeff TI An in vivo, luciferase-based, Agrobacterium-infiltration assay system: implications for post-transcriptional gene silencing SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium; luciferase; plant promoter; post-transcriptional gene silencing; tobacco; transient assay ID TRANSIENT EXPRESSION SYSTEM; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RENILLA-RENIFORMIS; TOBACCO-LEAVES; RNA; SUPPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; PROMOTER; VIRUS AB An in vivo assay system for analyzing transient luciferase expression in tobacco leaves infused with Agrobacterium tumefaciens is described. The system makes use of A. tumefaciens harboring T-DNA vectors containing either an intron-containing firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase (EC 1.13.12.7) gene or an intron-containing sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) luciferase (EC 1.13.12.5) gene. Single or mixed Agrobacterium lines were infiltrated into leaf tissues (Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana benthamiana) through stomatal openings and leaf disks from infused areas floated on reaction buffers specific to each enzyme. Photons emitted were then measured to determine reporter gene activity. Parameters affecting assay reliability and sensitivity were tested, including: buffer composition; bacterial density; infusion location; reaction kinetics; and environmental factors (light and temperature). The resulting in vivo assay system generates results comparable to those obtained using a commercially available in vitro dual-luciferase (R) reporter gene assay, and reports relative expression levels, as well as induction characteristics, analogous to those obtained using leaf tissue from stably transformed plants harboring the same promoter::gene constructs. Light and temperature were observed to markedly impact transient reporter activities. Co-expression of viral suppressors of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), HcPro, p19 and AC2, confirms the occurrence of PTGS within infused zones, and provides a convenient mechanism for PTGS analysis. The in vivo transient assay was used to examine the effect on PTGS of factors such as: promoter strength; incubation temperature and double-stranded RNA production. Results from these assays provide insight into the mechanism(s) used by plants to trigger and maintain PTGS. C1 USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Velten, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jvelten@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Cazzonelli, Christopher/A-5347-2010 OI Cazzonelli, Christopher/0000-0003-3096-3193 NR 56 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 2006 VL 224 IS 3 BP 582 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0250-z PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 071HZ UT WOS:000239591900009 PM 16523348 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Holt, PS AF Moore, R. W. Holt, P. S. TI The effect of feed deprivation on tissue invasion by Salmonella enteritidis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; molting; invasion ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; LAYING CHICKENS; CAGED LAYERS; INDUCED-MOLT; INFECTION; CORTICOSTERONE; PATHOGENESIS; SEVERITY; QUALITY AB A tissue culture procedure was utilized to compare tissue cell invasion by Salmonella enteritidis from molted and full feed hens. Three identical trials were performed in which 80-wk-old active laying hens were divided into 2 groups of 6 birds each. The molted hen group was subjected to a 14-d feed withdrawal, and the full-fed hen group was administered a standard layer ration. After feed treatment, crop, ileum, cecum, and ovary (small and large yellow follicles removed) were collected, rinsed in PBS, and placed into 50 mL of RPMI medium. The ends of intestine and crop tissues were tied to allow attachment of Salmonella only to the lumen surface. The RPMI medium containing 10(7) to 10(8) cfu of novobiocin and nalidixic acid-resistant phage type 13 Salmonella enteritidis was injected into the lumen of the intestine and crop tissues. Additionally, ovaries were incubated in 50 mL of RPMI medium containing 10(6) to 10(7) cfu of the Salmonella enteritidis. Tissues were incubated with Salmonella at 37 degrees C for 2 h, after which tissues were placed in 50 mL of fresh RPMI medium containing 500 mu g/mL of gentamicin and incubated for 5 h at 37 degrees C to remove any Salmonella that had not penetrated tissues. Tissues were rinsed, stomached in 10 mL of PBS, serially diluted, and plated onto brilliant green agar containing novobiocin and nalidixic acid for Salmonella enumeration. Salmonella invasion of ovaries was reduced in tissues from molted hens in trials 1 and 2 as compared with full-fed controls (> 1.2 log reduction) but not in trial 3. Salmonella invasion of ceca from molted hens was numerically increased in trials 1 and 2 and significantly increased in trial 3 as compared with controls (> 0.8 log increase). No significant differences in Salmonella invasion were detected for crops and ileum. These data suggest that molting may affect invasion of tissues by Salmonella enteritidis. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Moore, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rmoore@seprl.usda.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1333 EP 1337 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 067YS UT WOS:000239339300001 PM 16903461 ER PT J AU Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Donoghue, AM AF Huff, W. E. Huff, G. R. Rath, N. C. Donoghue, A. M. TI Evaluation of the influence of bacteriophage titer on the treatment of colibacillosis in broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage therapy; Escherichia coli; chicken; colibacillosis ID COLI RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; LYTIC BACTERIOPHAGES; AEROSOL SPRAY; MICE; CALVES; SALMONELLA; PREVENTION; DIARRHEA; THERAPY; PHAGE AB Two studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of bacteriophage SPR02 and DAF6 at varying titers to treat colibacillosis in chickens. In Study 1, the treatments consisted of a control, i.m. injection of bacteriophage SPR02 or DAF6, Escherichia coli airsac challenge, and E. coli challenge followed by treatment at different titers with bacteriophage SPR02 or DAF6. The E. coli-challenged birds were injected with 6 x 10(4) cfu into the left thoracic airsac at 7 d of age. Immediately after the birds were challenged with E. coli, they were treated by administration of bacteriophage SPR02 or DAF6 by i.m. injection into the left thigh with 4 x 10(8), 10(6), 10(4), or 10(2) pfu. Study 2 was identical to Study 1, with the exception that the E. coli challenge was increased to 9 x 10(4) cfu, and the titers of SPR02 and DAF6 were slightly less at 3 X 10(8), 10(6), 10(4), and 10(2) pfu. Both studies were concluded when the birds were 3 wk of age. Mortality in the birds challenged with E. coli in Studies 1 and 2 was 48 and 47%, respectively. The only consistently effective bacteriophage treatment was the highest titer (10(8) pfu) of bacteriophage SPR02, which significantly reduced mortality from 48 and 47% in the birds only challenged with E. coli (positive control) to 7% in both studies, which was not significantly different from the unchallenged negative control treatments. These studies indicate that an effective multiplicity of infection for i.m. treatment with SPR02 was 10(4) in this experimental model of colibacillosis. Bacteriophage administered at sufficient titers can be effective therapeutic agents and provide an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial diseases. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Huff, WE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM huff@uark.edu NR 23 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1373 EP 1377 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 067YS UT WOS:000239339300006 PM 16903466 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Bailey, JS Wilson, JL Hiett, KL AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Bailey, J. S. Wilson, J. L. Hiett, K. L. TI Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in various lymphoid organs of broiler breeder hens after oral or intravaginal inoculation SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; broiler breeder; thymus; liver and gallbladder; spleen ID COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; SALMONELLA; FABRICIUS; CHICKENS; SEGMENTS; POULTRY; BURSA; FRESH AB Two studies were conducted to determine whether Campylobacter jejuni could rapidly spread and reside in the internal organs of adult broiler breeder hens. In Study 1, university-housed broiler breeders at 22 wk of age were obtained and placed in individual cages. Each hen was intravaginally inoculated weekly from 23 to 32 wk of age with a characterized strain of C. jejuni. At wk 23, 27, and 32, 4 d postinoculation, the hens were euthanized, defeathered, and aseptically opened. In Study 2, university-housed broiler breeder hens were obtained at 42, 53, and 56 wk of age, placed in individual cages, and inoculated either orally or intravaginally with a characterized strain of C. jejuni. To reduce the possibility of cross-contamination among samples, the thymus, spleen, liver, and gallbladder were aseptically removed, prior to the ceca. In both studies, all samples were individually analyzed. In Study 1, at 23 wk of age, C. jejuni was recovered from 4/7 thymii, 2/7 spleens, 5/7 livers and gallbladders, and 6/7 ceca. At 27 wk of age, C. jejuni was recovered from 1/7 thymii and 1/7 ceca. At 32 wk of age, C. jejuni was recovered from 4/11 thymii, 1/11 livers and gallbladders, and 2/11 ceca. In Study 2, C. jejuni was recovered from 2/6 thymii and 5/6 ceca after oral inoculation and 1/6 spleens, 1/6 livers and gallbladders, and 4/6 ceca after vaginal inoculation of 43-wk-old hens. Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 2/5 thymii, 3/5 spleens, 3/5 livers and gallbladders, and 2/5 ceca after oral inoculation of 53-wk-old hens and 1/5 thymii and 1/5 livers and gallbladders after vaginal inoculation. Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 1/4 thymii, 2/4 livers and gallbladders, and 1/4 ceca and was not detected in any vaginally inoculated birds of 57-wk-old hens. This study provides evidence that C. jejuni can reside in the internal organs of broiler breeder hens following oral or intravaginal inoculation. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ncox@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1378 EP 1382 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 067YS UT WOS:000239339300007 PM 16903467 ER PT J AU Proudman, JA Siopes, TD AF Proudman, J. A. Siopes, T. D. TI Potential role of thyroid hormones and prolactin in the programming of photorefractoriness in turkey hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; photorefractoriness; prolactin; thyroid hormone ID AMERICAN TREE SPARROWS; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; SPIZELLA-ARBOREA; REPRODUCTIVE PHOTOREFRACTORINESS; EUROPEAN STARLINGS; BREEDING-SEASON; IOPANOIC ACID; LONG-DAY; THYROXINE; CYCLE AB The domestic turkey hen is a seasonal breeder, requiring a period of short days to establish photosensitivity and a long day length to initiate egg production. The reproductive season is then limited by the onset of photorefractoriness, (PR), which causes a decline, and then termination, of egg laying. In passerine birds, PR is programmed early in the reproductive season by the presence of thyroid hormones and a long photoperiod. High circulating prolactin (PRL) is thought to hasten the onset of PR. In a prior study, we reported that hens destined to have PR exhibited lower levels of thyroxine (T-4) and PRL at certain points (weeks) following photostimulation than did hens destined to remain photosensitive (PS), a result opposite to what might be expected. The present study was conducted to further explore the possible relationship between circulating hormone levels and subsequent PR in the commercial turkey hen at times (days) closer to photostimulation than our previous study. Plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T-3) T-4, and PRL were compared in 2 subpopulations of hens identified retrospectively after 50 wk of egg production: A group of 17 hens that exhibited PR (mean onset = 27 wk of photostimulation) and a group of "good" layers that remained PS (mean production = 210 eggs/50 wk). Results showed no differences between groups in plasma T3 or T-4 levels or in the T-3:T-4 ratio at -6, 0, 1, 3, and 7 d from photostimulation. Plasma PRL levels were significantly higher at 8 and 9 wk after photostimulation in hens that remained PS vs. those that became PR. We conclude that thyroid hormone levels around the time of photostimulation either are not actively related to programming of subsequent PR in turkeys or programming for PR in the turkey hen occurs later in the reproductive cycle than in passerine birds. We further conclude that hens that exhibit PR tend to have lower circulating PRL levels early in the reproductive season than hens that remain PS and lay at a relatively high rate. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Proudman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Bldg 200, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM johnp@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1457 EP 1461 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 067YS UT WOS:000239339300018 PM 16903478 ER PT J AU Cole, K Donoghue, AM Reyes-Herrera, I Rath, N Donoghue, DJ AF Cole, K. Donoghue, A. M. Reyes-Herrera, I. Rath, N. Donoghue, D. J. TI Efficacy of iron chelators on Campylobacter concentrations in turkey semen SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; iron; turkey; semen ID POULTRY SEMEN; SALMONELLA; GROWTH; JEJUNI; LIMITATION; EXPRESSION; AERATION; PROTEINS; ABILITY; TRACTS AB Campylobacter is a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne infections in the United States. Recent studies suggest that the organism is highly prevalent in poultry semen and may contribute to vertical transmission between the breeder hen and offspring. Because Campylobacter requires iron for its growth and survival, the objective of this study was to determine if the addition of natural and synthetic chelators such as ovotransferrin, desferrioxaime, EDTA, or 2,2'-dipyridyl could reduce or eliminate Campylobacter in turkey semen. In a preliminary study without semen, a commercial poultry semen extender was supplemented with various concentrations of ovotransferrin, desferrioxaime, EDTA, or 2,2'-dipyridyl and inoculated with an average of 10(8) cfu/mL of a wildtype Campylobacter coli turkey semen isolate. At 6 and 24 h of storage at 4 degrees C, a sample was taken from each treatment group and enumerated for Campylobacter. In all 3 trials, Campylobacter was undetectable (< 10(2)) in the commercial poultry semen extender supplemented with 20 mg/mL of 2,2'-dipyridyl. There were no differences observed in Campylobacter concentrations in the commercial poultry semen extender supplemented with ovotransferrin, desferrioxaime, or EDTA compared with unsupplemented controls. In a follow-up study, pooled semen samples were randomly collected from toms, diluted with a commercial poultry semen extender supplemented with 5, 10, or 20 mg/mL of 2,2'-dipyridyl and inoculated with an average of 10(8) cfu/mL of a wild-type C. coli turkey semen isolate. At 6 and 24 h of storage at 4 degrees C, samples were taken from each treatment group, enumerated for Campylobacter, and evaluated for sperm viability. In all 3 trials, supplementing the commercial poultry semen extender with 20 mg/mL of 2,2'-dipyryidyl significantly reduced (3 to 4 logs) Campylobacter concentrations when compared with the positive controls. Sperm viability was also reduced with this treatment, and, therefore, the use of 2,2'dipyridyl may not be a practical treatment for reducing Campylobacter in poultry semen. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1462 EP 1465 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 067YS UT WOS:000239339300019 PM 16903479 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Basenko, EY Branton, SL Whitmarsh, SK Maurice, DV Gerard, PD AF Peebles, E. D. Basenko, E. Y. Branton, S. L. Whitmarsh, S. K. Maurice, D. V. Gerard, P. D. TI Effects of S6-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at ten, twenty-two, or forty-five weeks of age on the egg yolk composition of commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fatty acid; layer; lipid; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; yolk ID REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS; F-STRAIN; S6 STRAIN; BROILER BREEDER; CHICKENS; LAYERS; PERFORMANCE; SALPINGITIS; CHALLENGE; INFECTION AB Commercial laying hens maintained under controlled conditions were experimentally inoculated with the S6 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (S6MG) at 45 wk of age. This resulted in depressed liver lipid concentration, and inoculations at 20 and 45 wk affected the size of various portions of the reproductive tract. In 2 consecutive trials of the current study, the effect of age of application of S6MG inoculation on the egg yolk characteristics of commercial layers similarly housed and maintained under controlled conditions was determined. The ages of inoculation compared were prior to lay at 10 wk of age, during onset of lay at 22 wk of age, and during postpeak lay at 45 wk of age. In each trial, yolk moisture and total lipid content were determined at 24, 32, 43, 47, and 58 wk of age. Yolk cholesterol concentration and yolk fatty acid profiles at wk 47 and 58 were also examined. Data from wk 24, 32, and 43 (effects of S6MG inoculations at 10 and 22 wk) and data from wk 47 and 58 (effects of S6MG inoculations at 10, 22, and 45 wk) were analyzed separately. The data of both trials were pooled then analyzed together. Across wk 47 and 58, percentage yolk lipid was significantly lower in eggs laid by birds inoculated at 10 wk compared with those inoculated at 45 wk. Sham-inoculated control and 22-wk inoculated groups had intermediate percentage yolk lipids. Compared with sham-control and 10-wk S6MG inoculation groups across wk 47 and 58, yolk myristic, oleic, and linolenic acid concentrations were reduced, whereas yolk stearic and arachidonic acid levels were increased by either 22- or 45-wk S6MG inoculations. In comparison with all other treatment groups at wk 47, yolk linoleic acid concentration was reduced by S6MG inoculation at 45 wk. Variable postpeak alterations in yolk total lipid and fatty acid content occur in response to the timing of S6MG inoculation in layers housed under controlled conditions. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Clemson, SC USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu RI Basenko, Evelina/G-8701-2014 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1502 EP 1508 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 067YS UT WOS:000239339300025 PM 16903485 ER PT J AU Miernyk, JA Johnston, ML AF Miernyk, JA Johnston, ML TI Chemical cross-linking immobilized concanavalin a for use in proteomic analyses SO PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical cross-linking; concanavalin-A; proteomic analysis ID DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEED STORAGE PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ABUNDANT PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; LECTINS; GLYCOSYLATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; GLYCOMICS AB Lectin affinity chromatography was used to reduce the amount of the abundant glycoprotein beta-conglycinin in total protein samples prepared from developing soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. Jack) seeds. Electrophoretic analysis of both the concanavalin A-Sepharose binding and non-binding fraction revealed an abundant protein band at Mr 26,000. The amount of this protein was greatly increased when concanavalin A-Sepharose was used with urea-containing buffers. Peptide mass fingerprint analysis of this abundant protein band unequivocally identified it as concanavalin A (con A). A simple and gentle method was used to chemically cross-link the con A subunits so that the lectin-Sepharose retained the ability to bind high-mannose type glycoproteins. The chemically cross-linked con A-Sepharose was stable in buffers that contained up to 8M urea, making this an affinity matrix suitable for use in electrophoresis-based proteomic analyses. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Interdisciplinary Plant Grp, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM miernykj@missouri.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6068 J9 PREP BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1080/10826060600716224 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 040NX UT WOS:000237386800001 PM 16707331 ER PT J AU Pena, HFJ Soares, RM Amaku, M Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF Pena, H. F. J. Soares, R. M. Amaku, M. Dubey, J. P. Gennari, S. M. TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats from Sao Paulo state, Brazil: Seroprevalence, oocyst shedding, isolation in mice, and biologic and molecular characterization SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; cats; seroprevalence; mouse bioassay; oocysts; genotypes; Brazil ID FREE-RANGING CHICKENS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SEXUAL RECOMBINATION; PREVALENCE; VIRULENCE; RESPONSES; GENOTYPE; PIGS AB Cats are the most important hosts in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infections in humans and animals. Serologic and parasitological prevalence of T gondii were determined in 237 cats from 15 counties in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Antibodies to T gondii were found in a 1:25 dilution of serum of 84 (35.4%) out of 237 cats by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Samples of brain, heart, tongue, and limb muscles (total 50 g) of 71 of the seropositive cats were pooled for each cat, digested in pepsin and bioassayed in mice. Faeces (I g) from the rectum of each cat were examined microscopically for T gondii-like oocysts and verified by bioassay in mice; T gondii oocysts were found in the faeces of three (1.3%) of 237 cats. T gondii was isolated from tissue homogenates of 47 cats. The DNA obtained from these 47 tissue isolates was characterized using the SAG2 locus: 34 (72.4%) isolates were type 1, 12 (25.5%) were type III and one (2.1%) was mixed with types I and III. No type II isolates were detected. Most (23/34) of the type I isolates killed all infected mice and 7 of 12 type III isolates did not kill infected mice. Characterization of the SAG2 locus directly from tissue homogenates from 37 of 46 cats was successful. Genotypes obtained from these primary samples were the same as those from the corresponding isolates obtained in mice. Genotyping of the three oocyst isolates revealed that two were type I and one was type III. Molecular and biologic characteristics of T gondii isolates from animals from Brazil are different from those from other parts of the world. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pena, HFJ (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Av Prof De Orlando Marques Paiva 87, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. EM hfpena@usp.br RI Amaku, Marcos/D-5252-2012; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; PENA, HILDA/K-4506-2012; Soares, Rodrigo/E-8747-2015 OI Amaku, Marcos/0000-0003-4752-6774; Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; NR 35 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.09.007 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 044PA UT WOS:000237683500010 PM 16289158 ER PT J AU Sylvia, DA Galloway, WE AF Sylvia, Dennis A. Galloway, William E. TI Morphology and stratigraphy of the late Quaternary lower Brazos valley: Implications for paleo-climate, discharge and sediment delivery SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brazos River; paleo-discharge; Quaternary; Texas coastal plain; valley fill ID GULF COASTAL-PLAIN; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CENTRAL TEXAS; EL-NINO; EDWARDS PLATEAU; COLORADO RIVER; BASIN; VARIABILITY; LOUISIANA; ARIZONA AB A shallow coring and geophysical logging program has recorded the sedimentary fill of the Brazos River valley in the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain. Thermoluminescence dates together with new and recalibrated published radiocarbon dates show the valley fill to include extensive, sandy, buried falling stage and lowstand Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 3 and 2 deposits. These alluvial deposits are punctuated by numerous paleosoil horizons that record alternating periods of cutting, bypass and accumulation. Maximum valley incision and two periods of terrace formation preceded marine lowstand conditions, suggesting significant discordance between preserved fluvial and classical marine system tracts. The latest Pleistocene incision and fill history appears related to cycles of increased discharge and incision, followed by system equilibration and terrace formation. Analysis of the Brazos River incised valley and its contained paleochannels indicates that latest Pleistocene mean annual discharge was as much as four times greater than that of today. This magnitude of discharge in the Brazos would require a two-fold increase in precipitation across the drainage basin. Such an increase is comparable to the present day measured positive El Niho winter precipitation anomaly across the region. Paleochannel geometries and the stratigraphic and sedimentologic data from this investigation support the hypothesis that periods of high-amplitude, El Nino-like climatic perturbations characterized the late Quaternary climate of the south-central and southwestem U.S. This period of high discharge coincides, at least in part, with late OIS 3 progradation of the Brazos delta to the shelf margin, OIS 3 and 2 valley incision across the Texas shelf, and concomitant sand bypass to intraslope basins beyond the shelf edge. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Sylvia, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. EM dennissylvia@fs.fed.us; galloway@mait.utexas.edu RI Galloway, William/A-1824-2009 NR 61 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 190 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 159 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.05.023 PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA 073NM UT WOS:000239749900010 ER PT J AU Geng, T Uknalis, J Tu, SI Bhunia, AK AF Geng, Tao Uknalis, Joe Tu, Su-I Bhunia, Arun K. TI Fiber-optic biosensor employing Alexa-Fluor conjugated antibody for detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 from ground beef in four hours SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; fiber-optic biosensor; antibodies; detection; ground beef ID EVANESCENT-WAVE BIOSENSOR; OPTIC-BASED BIOSENSOR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RAPID DETECTION; SALMONELLA; IMMUNOSENSOR; BACTERIA; SAMPLES; NUMBER; WATER AB Fiber optic biosensor has a great potential to meet the need for rapid, sensitive, and real-time microbial detection systems. We developed an antibody-based fiber-optic biosensor to rapidly detect low levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in ground beef. The principle of the sensor is a sandwich immunoassay using an antibody which is specific for E. coli O157: H7. A polyclonal antibody was first immobilized on polystyrene fiber waveguides through a biotin-streptavidin reaction that served as a capture antibody. An Alexa Fluor 647 dye-labeled antibody to E. coli O157: H7 was used to detect cells and generate a specific fluorescent signal, which was acquired by launching a 635 nm laser-light from an Analyte-2000. Fluorescent molecules within several hundred nanometers of the fiber were excited by an evanescent wave, and a portion of the emission light from fluorescent dye transmitted by the fiber and collected by a photodetector at wavelengths of 670 to 710 nm quantitatively. This immunosensor was specific for E. coli O157: H7 compared with multiple other foodborne bacteria. In addition, the biosensor was able to detect as low as 10(3) CFU/ml pure cultured E. coli O157: H7 cells grown in culture broth. Artificially inoculated E. coli O157: H7 at concentration of 1 CFU/ml in ground beef could be detected by this method after only 4 hours of enrichment. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Mol Food Microbiol Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, NAA Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhunia, AK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Mol Food Microbiol Lab, 745 Agr Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Bhunia@purdue.edu RI Bhunia, Arun/K-7639-2012; OI Bhunia, Arun/0000-0003-3640-1554 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD AUG PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 796 EP 807 DI 10.3390/s6080796 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 089QE UT WOS:000240894800003 ER PT J AU Kline, J AF Kline, J TI Public demand for preserving local open space SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; forest and farmland preservation; wildland-urban interface ID FARMLAND PRESERVATION PROGRAMS; PROTECTING OPEN SPACE; DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS; PREFERENCES; ENVIRONMENT; LANDSCAPE; INITIATIVES; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; SUPPORT AB Increased development results in the loss of forest, farm, range, and other open space lands that contribute to the quality of life of U. S. residents. I describe an economic rationale for growing public support for preserving local open space, based the growing scarcity of open space lands. I test the rationale empirically by correlating the prevalence of open space referenda in U. S. counties to socioeconomic variables, including population density, change in density, per capita income, education, and other factors. Data come from the Trust for Public Land LandVote database and the U. S. Bureau of the Census. The results suggest how key socioeconomic trends-most notably, population growth, rising incomes, development, and increasing open space scarcity-motivate interest and support for preserving open space, when open space lands remain unprotected. The analysis provides a context for discussing policy and management strategies for addressing urban sprawl and open space loss. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kline, J (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM JKline@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 7 BP 645 EP 659 DI 10.1080/08941920600742419 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 051WZ UT WOS:000238193700005 ER PT J AU Kandeler, E Mosier, AR Morgan, JA Milchunas, DG King, JY Rudolph, S Tscherko, D AF Kandeler, Ellen Mosier, Arvin R. Morgan, Jack A. Milchunas, Daniel G. King, Jennifer Y. Rudolph, Sabine Tscherko, Dagmar TI Response of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities to the transient elevation of carbon dioxide in a semi-arid grassland SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; climate change; soil enzymes; microbial biomass; shortgrass steppe; carbon cycling; below ground processes ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; PLANT WATER RELATIONS; TERM CO2 ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MODEL ECOSYSTEM; CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ROOT BIOMASS; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS AB Although elevation of CO2 has been reported to impact soil microbial functions, little information is available on the spatial and temporal variation of this effect. The objective of this study was to determine the microbial response in a northern Colorado shortgrass steppe to a 5-year elevation of atmospheric CO2 as well as the reversibility of the microbial response during a period of several months after shutting off the CO2 amendment. The experiment was comprised of nine experimental plots: three chambered plots maintained at ambient CO2 levels of 360 360 mu mol-l (ambient treatment), three chambered plots maintained at 720 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 (elevated treatment) and three unchambered plots of equal ground area used as controls to monitor the chamber effect. Elevated CO2 induced mainly an increase of enzyme activities (protease, xylanase, invertase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase) in the upper 5 cm of the soil and did not change microbial biomass in the soil profile. Since rhizodeposition and newly formed roots enlarged the pool of easily available substrates mainly in the upper soil layers, enzyme regulation (production and activity) rather than shifts in microbial abundance was the driving factor for higher enzyme activities in the upper soil. Repeated soil sampling during the third to fifth year of the experiment revealed an enhancement of enzyme activities which varied in the range of 20-80%. Discriminant analysis including all microbiological properties revealed that the enzyme pattern in 1999 and 2000 was dominated by the CO2 and chamber effect, while in 2001 the influence of elevated CO2 increased and the chamber effect decreased. Although microbial biomass did not show any response to elevated CO2 during the main experiment, a significant increase of soil microbial N was detected as a post-treatment effect probably due to lower nutrient (nitrogen) competition between microorganisms and plants in this N-limited ecosystem. Whereas most enzyme activities showed a significant POSt-CO2 effect in spring 2002 (following the conclusion of CO2 enrichment the previous autumn, 2001), selective depletion of substrates is speculated to be the cause for nonsignificant treatment effects of most enzyme activities later in summer and autumn, 2002. Therefore, additional belowground carbon input mainly entered the fast cycling carbon pool and contributed little to long-term carbon storage in the semi-arid grassland. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hohenheim, Inst Soil Sci, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kandeler, E (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Soil Sci, Emil Wolff Str 27, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. EM kandeler@uni-hohenheim.de RI Turan, Veysel/G-7722-2011; King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015 OI King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952 NR 54 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2448 EP 2460 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.021 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 079NP UT WOS:000240183900045 ER PT J AU Sims, GK AF Sims, G. K. TI Nitrogen starvation promotes biodegradation of N-heterocyclic compounds in soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atrazine; cloransulam-methyl; biodegradation; nitrogen; ammonium; morrow plots; heterocyclic compounds ID CLORANSULAM-METHYL; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PSEUDOMONAS SP; ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; METABOLISM; PRODUCTS; GENE AB Mineralization studies were performed to examine the impact of N deprivation on microbial utilization of the N-heterocyclic herbicides, atrazine and cloransulam-methyl (C-M). Soil depleted by 130 years of cropping to Zea mays without fertilization was contrasted to soil from the same site regularly receiving fertilizers. Long-term N deprivation promoted rapid degradation of atrazine and the C-M pyrimidine ring, whereas no significant effect was observed on degradation of the C-M phenyl ring. When a sandy soil naturally low in N was used, addition of 5 or more mu g NH4-N/g soil suppressed mineralization of the C-M pyrimidine ring. These findings provide insight into organic N availability and suggest broad implications for the effect of exogenous N in degradation of heterocyclic herbicides. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sims, GK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave,S-218 Turner Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gksims@uiuc.edu RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2478 EP 2480 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.006 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 079NP UT WOS:000240183900047 ER PT J AU Gollany, HT Allmaras, RR Copeland, SM Albrecht, SL Douglas, CL AF Gollany, Hero T. Allmaras, R. R. Copeland, S. M. Albrecht, S. L. Douglas, C. L., Jr. TI Incorporated source carbon and nitrogen fertilization effects on carbon storage and soluble silica in a haploxeroll SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; coarse organic matter; fine organic matter; water-soluble carbon; cemented siliceous pan ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; PALOUSE SILT LOAM; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER INFILTRATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CROP-ROTATION; WHEAT-FALLOW; DURIC SOILS AB Long-term field experiments with repeated additions of incorporated carbon sources are ideal to examine soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and its interaction with soil constituents. The objectives were to (i) determine the effect of crop residue management, N fertilizer, and organic amendments on SOC storage and (ii) evaluate the influence of source C on fine organic matter interaction with soluble silica (Si). A long-term wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow experiment with several crop residue management practices (NB, no burn; SB, spring burn; and FB, fall burn), three N rates (0, 45, and 90 kg N ha(-1)), and organic amendments (NB(M), 22.4 t ha-1 manure; and NBpv, 2.24 t ha-1 pea vines) was established in 1931 on a Walla Walla silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haploxeroll). Soil cores (2-cm depth increments) to 50-cm depth were analyzed for coarse organic matter, fine organic matter, pH, bulk density (Pb), water-soluble C (C(WS),), and water-soluble Si (Si(WS)). The SOC storage for the NBm (5.78 kg C m(-2)) was 25% higher than that for the FB(0) (4.62 kg C m(-2)) in 1 the 0- to 50-cm depth. Nitrogen fertilizer application (45 or 90 kg N ha(-1)) decreased Si(WS) by 17%, whereas applied manure or pea vines increased Si,, by 10%. Silica solubilization and movement in response to reduced pH was greater in the absence of organic amendments or reduced crop residue returns. Increased SOC storage derived from amendments or N fertilization with a retention of crop residues prevented siliceous pan, formation and associated impaired infiltration and internal drainage. Phytolith processes may enhance soil C sequestration and influence the chemistry of both Si and SOC. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM hero.gollany@oregonstate.edu NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 585 EP 597 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228042.10765.30 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 075HL UT WOS:000239875200002 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Grain, TS Honeycutt, CW AF He, Zhongqi Grain, Timothy S. Honeycutt, C. Wayne TI Soil phosphorus dynamics in response to dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer applications SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil P; sequential fractionation; labile P; bioavailable P ID NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SWINE MANURE; FRACTIONATION; TRANSFORMATIONS; MINERALIZATION; CULTIVATION; HYDROLYSIS; BIOSOLIDS; PATHWAYS AB In modem agriculture practices, the application of plant nutrients to soil is usually required for sustained high crop yields. Manure is generally applied to meet crop N needs. The impact of N-based manure application rates on soil P transformations should therefore be evaluated for efficient utilization of both manure N and P. In this study, 11 dairy manure and inorganic fertilizers were added to two Maine soils to supply 100 mg organic N kg(-1) soil. Our data showed that the general distribution patterns in manure-amended soils for three P species, inorganic P (Pi), enzymatically hydrolyzable organic P (Peo), and nonhydrolyzable organic P, basically followed the trend of changes for inorganic fertilizer amended (control) soils, indicating that soil properties played a major role in controlling P dynamics. In H2O and NaHCO3 fractions, soil bioAvailable P (Pi and P-eo) was linearly related to added P. However, NaOH-extractable soil P was not closely related to the P applied in the manure. This work confirmed that a single application of manure impacted soil bioavailable P in a manner similar to fertilizer and did not significantly impact soil P properties and environment. This means that growers converting from conventional to organic practices (i.e., where manure is the sole source of N and P) may estimate manure bioavailable P to meet their short-term P needs. Further studies need to be conducted to determine if similar results can be found under field conditions. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, 5713 Chadborne Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 598 EP 609 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228039.65023.20 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 075HL UT WOS:000239875200003 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Evans, RG Kim, Y Stevens, WB Iversen, WM AF Jabro, Jay David Evans, Robert G. Kim, Yunseup Stevens, William B. Iversen, William M. TI Characterization of spatial variability of soil electrical conductivity and cone index using coulter and penetrometer-type sensors SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE precision farming; cone index; electrical conductivity; geostatistics ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; IRRIGATED SANDY; COLORADO; FIELDS AB Assessment and management of spatial variability of soil chemical and physical properties (e.g., soil texture, organic matter, salinity, compaction, and nutrient content) are very important for precision farming. With current advances in sensing technology, soil electrical conductivity (EC) mapping is considered the most efficient and inexpensive method that can provide useful information about soil variability within agricultural fields. The objectives of this research study were to determine if coulter and penetrometer-type EC sensors produce similar descriptions of soil variability, and if EC and cone index (Cl) measured using a penetrometer-type sensor are correlated. The spatial variability of apparent EC (ECa) and penetration resistance expressed as CI for soil compaction were investigated with coulter and penetrometer sensing technologies. The study was conducted in April 2005 at the research farm located near Williston, North Dakota, on a Lihen sandy loam (sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplustoll). The ECa and Cl values generated by the penetrometer sensor were averaged over a 0- to 30-cm depth for comparison with values measured using the coulter sensor over the same 0- to 30-cm depth. Classical and spatial statistics were used to evaluate spatial dependency and assess the overall soil variability within the experimental site. The statistical results indicated that the ECa data from both coulter and penetrometer sensors exhibited similar spatial trends across the field that may be used to characterize the variability of soil for a variety of important physical and chemical properties. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of log-transformed ECa data from coulter and penetrometer sensors were 11.3% and 18.9%, respectively. The mean difference, M-d, of log-transformed ECa measurements between these two devices was also significantly different from zero (M-d = 0.44 mS/m; t = 31.5, n = 134; P < 0.01). Soil ECa and CI parameters were spatially distributed and presented strong to medium spatial dependency within the mapped field area. Results from this study indicate the effectiveness of the ECa and CI sensors for identifying spatial variability of soil properties, and thus, the sensors may be useful tools for managing spatial variability in agricultural fields. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jjabro@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 627 EP 637 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228037.80270.1d PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 075HL UT WOS:000239875200005 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Liebig, MA Tanaka, DL AF Frank, AB Liebig, MA Tanaka, DL TI Management effects on soil CO2 efflux in northern semiarid grassland and cropland SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil respiration; soil organic carbon; microbial biomass; no-till; wheat ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; TILLAGE; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; BALANCE AB Soil respiration is a process influenced by land use, management practices, and environmental conditions. Our objectives were to evaluate relationships between management-induced differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil CO2 efflux from continuous no-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spring wheat-fallow under no-till, and a native mixed-grass prairie with grazing near Mandan, ND. A Wemer-Sen-Chama soil complex (Entic Haplustoll, Typic Haplustoll, and Typic Calciustoll) was present at the grassland site and a Wilton silt loam (Pachic Haplustoll) at the cropping sites. Soil chambers were used to measure Soil CO2 effluxes about every 21 days starting 14 May 2001 to 1 April 2003. Soil water and soil temperature were measured at time of CO2 efflux measurements. Soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and above and belowground plant biomass were measured in mid-July each year. Root biomass to 0.3 m depth of the undisturbed grassland was significantly greater (12.3 Mg ha(-1)) than under continuous wheat (1.3 Mg ha-1) and wheat-fallow (0.3 Mg ha(-1)). Grassland SOC content of 84 Mg ha(-1) to 0.3 m soil depth was 1.2 times greater than continuous wheat and 1.3 times greater than wheat-fallow. The MBC of the grassland was 2.2 Mg ha(-1), or 3.6 times greater than continuous wheat and 7.2 times greater than wheat-fallow treatments. Soil CO2 efflux averaged 2.8 g CO2-C m(-2) day(-1) for grassland, compared to 1-9 9 CO2-C m(-2) day(-1) for wheat fallow and 1.6 g CO2-C m(-2) day(-1) for continuous wheat treatments. Although these CO, efflux rates were based on measurements made at intervals of about 21 days, the differences among treatments with time were rather consistent. Differences in Soil CO2 efflux among treatments could be attributed to differences in SOC and MBC, suggesting that land use plays a significant role in soil CO2 efflux from respiration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 31 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.06.009 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 050LC UT WOS:000238087900008 ER PT J AU Heitzman, E Grell, A AF Heitzman, Eric Grell, Adrian TI Planting oaks in group selection openings on upland sites: Two case studies from Arkansas SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE northern red oak; planting; power augers; seedlings; white oak ID NORTHERN RED OAK AB Two upland sites in Arkansas were studied to test the performance of 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and white oak Quercus alba L.) seedlings planted in group selection openings. Both red and white oak seedlings were planted at one location in the Ozark Mountains, and only red oak seedlings were planted at a second site along Crowleys Ridge. Holes were dug with power augers and seedlings were planted by hand. At the time of planting, the mean height of red oak and white oak seedlings at the Ozark site were 3.4 and 1.9ft, respectively. Red oak seedlings at Crowleys Ridge averaged 3.0 ft tall when planted. After 4 years at the Ozark site, 77% of red oak and 86% of white oak were alive. After 3 years at Crowleys Ridge, red oak survival was 80%. Seedlings at both sites grew slowly. Mean 4-year height increment at the Ozark site was 2.1 ft for red oak and 2.5 ft for white oak, and mean 3-year height increment for red oak at Crowleys Ridge was 1.6 ft. Three years after planting in the Ozark Mountains and 2 years after planting at Crowleys Ridge, naturally regenerating competition had suppressed over one-third of the red oak and about one-half of the white oak. This necessitated a release treatment around planted seedlings at both sites. Oaks that decreased in total height over a given growing season were common. Most seedlings that decreased in height had beet? pulled over or crushed by other vegetation or exhibited top dieback. C1 Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Appl Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Heitzman, E (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM eric.heitzman@mail.wvu.edu; agrell@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 30 IS 3 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 072PJ UT WOS:000239685000001 ER PT J AU Rudie, AW Hart, PW AF Rudie, Alan W. Hart, Peter W. TI Mineral scale management part III. Nonprocess elements in the paper industry SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION AB Efforts to comply with effluent standards have led to a situation where mills have little leeway in managing trace metals without developing mineral scale deposits. In most cases, the trace metals can be managed with minor process changes and suitable levels of process control. The principal tools available to the mill are pH and good washing in the first chlorine dioxide stage washer. In some cases, mills may need to change shower sources on washers or upgrade the D-0 washer. By determining the chemical equilibrium for critical points in the process and, in some cases modeling the chemical equilibrium-mass balance, it is possible to identify operating conditions that will eliminate mineral scale buildup in nearly all mill situations. This paper provides information on how trace metals enter the mill and how pulp ion exchange influences where the metals go in the bleach plant. It also demonstrates how how a fundamental chemical analysis of the effect of pH on anion speciation and solubility product on scale formation can be used to troubleshoot and prevent scale problems. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Rudie, AW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM arudie@ts.fed.us NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 8 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 076IZ UT WOS:000239951900001 ER PT J AU Farr, DF AF Farr, David F. TI On-line keys: more than just paper on the web SO TAXON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Smithsonian Botanical Symposium on Future of Floras - New Frameworks, New Technologies, New Uses CY APR 15-16, 2005 CL Dept Botany, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC SP US Botan Garden HO Dept Botany, Natl Museum Nat Hist DE databases; electronic media; interactive keys; internet; online publication AB The internet has opened new opportunities for the distribution of systematic information. Advantages such as immediate worldwide distribution, affordable presentation of color illustrations, ease of updating the information, and low cost all suggest that the web is an ideal medium for the publication of taxonomic keys, descriptions, illustrations, and catalogues. Using examples from on-line interactive keys published on the web and the interactive key projects developed at the USDA ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory (SBML), this paper presents important points to be considered in developing online interactive keys. These include the use of standard internet protocols, emphasis on images, and easy maintenance by scientists without intervention of IT staff. An additional technical point is that morphological data should be external to the key program. As a result, when data are changed or replaced, the system will automatically be updated. In addition, these data can be used for applications outside of the key. While the potential usefulness of internet keys and other on-line systematic information may be obvious, there are hurdles that must be overcome before there is any significant proliferation of on-line keys. Systematists must embrace the internet as a desirable publishing option, peer review and institutional reward systems must recognize the significance of non-paper publication, and systematists need to incorporate structured procedures for data collection. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farr, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM davef@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 088NI UT WOS:000240818000006 ER PT J AU Long, DB Campbell, TA Henke, SE AF Long, David B. Campbell, Tyler A. Henke, Scott E. TI Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda : Ascaridoidea) in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Duval County, Texas SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Texas A&I Univ, USDA, APHIS, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Texas A&I Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Long, DB (reprint author), Texas A&I Univ, USDA, APHIS, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM david.b.long@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 58 IS 3 BP 281 EP 285 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 087RO UT WOS:000240760100009 ER PT J AU Rousselle, MA Thibodeaux, DP AF Rousselle, Marie-Alice Thibodeaux, Devron P. TI Cotton fiber properties and moisture: Influence of variety area of growth, and crop year SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cotton; moisture; length; strength; HVI (high volume instrument) ID IMBIBITION AB Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC) is participating in a multi-year area of growth study of selected cotton cultivars. We report here the moisture data (water of imbibition and moisture regain) on cottons from the 2001 and 2002 crop years, and compare them in terms of maturity properties and micronaire. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Thibodeaux, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM devron@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 76 IS 8 BP 655 EP 659 DI 10.1177/0040517506067665 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 112JO UT WOS:000242522100008 ER PT J AU Andaya, VC Tai, TH AF Andaya, V. C. Tai, T. H. TI Fine mapping of the qCTS12 locus, a major QTL for seedling cold tolerance in rice SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; OVER-EXPRESSION; CHILLING INJURY; PROTEIN-KINASE; PLANTS; STRESS; STAGE; GERMINATION AB The temperate japonica rice cultivar M202 is the predominant variety grown in California due to its tolerance to low temperature stress, good grain quality and high yield. Earlier analysis of a recombinant inbred line mapping population derived from a cross between M202 and IR50, an indica cultivar that is highly sensitive to cold stress, resulted in the identification of a number of QTL conferring tolerance to cold-induced wilting and necrosis. A major QTL, qCTS12, located on the short arm of chromosome 12, contributes over 40% of the phenotypic variance. To identify the gene(s) underlying qCTS12, we have undertaken the fine mapping of this locus. Saturating the short arm of chromosome 12 with microsatellite markers revealed that qCTS12 is closest to RM7003. Using RM5746 and RM3103, which are immediately outside of RM7003, we screened 1,954 F-5-F-10 lines to find recombinants in the qCTS12 region. Additional microsatellite markers were identified from publicly available genomic sequence and used to fine map qCTS12 to a region of approximately 87 kb located on the BAC clone OSJNBb0071I17. This region contains ten open reading frames (ORFs) consisting of five hypothetical and expressed proteins of unknown function, a transposon protein, a putative NBS-LRR disease resistance protein, two zeta class glutathione S-transferases (OsGSTZ1 and OsGSTZ2), and a DAHP synthetase. Further fine mapping with markers developed from the ORFs delimited the QTL to a region of about 55 kb. The most likely candidates for the gene(s) underlying qCTS12 are OsGSTZ1 and OsGSTZ2. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tai, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM vcandaya@ucdavis.edu; thtai@ucdavis.edu NR 36 TC 66 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 113 IS 3 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0311-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 063FE UT WOS:000239002300009 PM 16741739 ER PT J AU Yan, GP Chen, XM AF Yan, G. P. Chen, X. M. TI Molecular mapping of a recessive gene for resistance to stripe rust in barley SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WHEAT CULTIVARS; LINKAGE MAP; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE AB Barley stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, is one of the most important barley (Hordeum vulgare) diseases in the United States. The disease is best controlled using resistant cultivars. Barley genotype Grannenlose Zweizeilige (GZ) has a recessive gene (rpsGZ) that is effective against all races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei identified so far in the USA. To develop a molecular map for mapping the gene, F-8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from the Steptoe X GZ cross through single-seed descent. Seedlings of the parents and RILs were evaluated for resistance to races PSH-14 and PSH-54 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei under controlled greenhouse conditions. Genomic DNA was extracted from the parents and 182 F-8 RILs and used for linkage analysis. The resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) technique was used to identify molecular markers for rpsGZ. A linkage group for the gene was constructed with 12 RGAP markers, of which two markers co-segregated with the resistance locus, and two markers were closely linked to the locus with a genetic distance of 0.9 and 2.0 cM, respectively. These four markers were present only in the susceptible parent. The closest marker to the resistance allele was 11.7 cM away. Analyses of two sets of barley chromosome addition lines of wheat with the two RGAP markers that were cosegregating with the susceptibility allele showed that rpsGZ and the markers were located on the long arm of barley chromosome 4H. Further, tests with four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers confirmed the chromosomal location of the rpsGZ gene and also integrated the RGAP markers into the known SSR-based linkage map of barley. The closest SSR marker EBmac0679 had a genetic distance of 7.5 cM with the gene in the integrated linkage map constructed with the 12 RGAP markers and 4 SSR markers. The information on chromosomal location and molecular markers for rpsGZ should be useful for incorporating this gene into commercial cultivars and combining it with other resistance genes for durable resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@mail.wsu.edu NR 40 TC 15 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 113 IS 3 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0319-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 063FE UT WOS:000239002300015 PM 16763858 ER PT J AU Wang, T Xu, SS Harris, MO Hu, JG Liu, LW Cai, XW AF Wang, Tao Xu, Steven S. Harris, Marion O. Hu, Jinguo Liu, Liwang Cai, Xiwen TI Genetic characterization and molecular mapping of Hessian fly resistance genes derived from Aegilops tauschii in synthetic wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; BREAD WHEAT; D-GENOME; CECIDOMYIIDAE POPULATIONS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; COMMON WHEAT; MARKERS; DIPTERA; MAP AB Two synthetic hexaploid wheat lines (xAegilotriticum spp., 2n = 6x = 42, genomes AABBDD), SW8 and SW34, developed from the crosses of the durum wheat cultivar Langdon (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AABB) with two Aegilops tauschii Cosson accessions (2n = 2x = 14, genome DD), were determined to carry Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] resistance genes derived from the Ae. tauschii parents. SW8 was resistant to the Hessian fly biotype Great Plains (GP) and strain vH13 (virulent to H13). SW34 was resistant to biotype GP, but susceptible to strain vH13. Allelism tests indicated that resistance genes in SW8 and SW34 may be allelic to H26 and H13 or correspond to paralogs at both loci, respectively. H26 and H13 were localized to chromosome 4D and 6D, respectively, in previous studies. Molecular mapping in the present study, however, assigned the H26 locus to chromosome 3D rather than 4D. On the other hand, mapping of the resistance gene in SW34 verified the previous assignment of the H13 locus to chromosome 6D. Linkage analysis and physical mapping positioned the H26 locus to the chromosomal deletion bin 3DL3-0.81-1.00. A linkage map for each of these two resistance genes was constructed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Cai, XW (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xiwen.cai@ndsu.edu NR 47 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 113 IS 4 BP 611 EP 618 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0325-z PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 067KQ UT WOS:000239301500005 PM 16775694 ER PT J AU Xiao, S Anderson, SP Swanson, C Bahnemann, R Voss, KA Stauber, AJ Corton, JC AF Xiao, Shen Anderson, Steven P. Swanson, Cynthia Bahnemann, Rainer Voss, Kenneth A. Stauber, Anja J. Corton, J. Christopher TI Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha enhances apoptosis in the mouse liver SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferators; liver tumor; hepatocyte proliferation; apoptosis; caspase ID CELLS IN-VITRO; BCL-2 FAMILY; PPAR-ALPHA; HEPATOCYTE APOPTOSIS; INDUCE APOPTOSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; PROSTATE-CANCER; RAT-LIVER; MCL-1; EXPRESSION AB Chronic exposure to peroxisome proliferators (PPs) leads to increased incidence of liver tumors in rodents. Liver tumor induction is thought to require increased hepatocyte proliferation and suppression of apoptosis. Transcript profiling showed increased expression of proapoptotic genes and decreased expression of antiapoptotic genes in the livers of mice exposed to the PP WY-14,643 (WY). We tested the hypothesis that prior exposure to WY would increase susceptibility to apoptosis inducers such as Jo2, an antibody which activates the Fas (Apo-1/CD95) death pathway. When compared to their untreated counterparts, wild-type mice pretreated with WY exhibited increased caspase-3 activation and hepatocyte apoptosis following challenge with Jo2. Livers from WY-treated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha)-null mice were resistant to the effects of Jo2. In the absence of Jo2 and detectable apoptosis, wild-type mice treated with WY exhibited increases in the activated form of caspase-9. As caspase-9 is a component of the apoptosome, we examined the expression of upstream effectors of apoptosome activity including members of the Bcl-2 family. The levels of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 transcript and protein were significantly decreased by PPs. PPAR alpha-null mice were also resistant to another treatment (concanavalin A) that induces hepatocyte apoptosis. These results (1) indicate that PPAR alpha activation increases sensitivity of the liver to apoptosis and (2) identify a mechanism by which PPAR alpha could serve as a pharmacological target in diseases where apoptosis is a contributing feature. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Res & Dev, Investigat Toxicol & Pathol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. BASF Aktiengesellsch, Dept Toxicol, Ludwigshafen, Germany. USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), US EPA, B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 92 IS 2 BP 368 EP 377 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl002 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 061XN UT WOS:000238907300004 PM 16687391 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Monserud, RA AF Marshall, John D. Monserud, Robert A. TI Co-occurring species differ in tree-ring delta O-18 trends SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulose; climate; conifers; Pinus monticola; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; stable oxygen isotope ratio; tree rings ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; LEAF WATER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FIELD CONDITIONS; RIPARIAN TREES; CELLULOSE; HYDROGEN; PRECIPITATION; DELTA-C-13; GROWTH AB The stable oxygen isotope ratio (delta O-18) of tree-ring cellulose is jointly determined by the delta O-18 of xylemwater, the 8180 of atmospheric water vapor, the humidity of the atmosphere and perhaps by species-specific differences in leaf structure and function. Atmospheric humidity and the delta O-18 of water vapor vary seasonally and annually, but if the canopy atmosphere is well mixed, atmospheric characteristics should be uniform among co-occuffing trees. In contrast, xylem water 8180 is determined by the delta O-18 of water being drawn from the soil, which varies with depth. If co-occuffing trees draw water from different soil depths, this soil-water delta O-18 signal would be manifest as differences in delta O-18 among the trees. We examined the variation in tree ring delta O-18, over eight decades during the 20th Century, among three species co-occurring in natural forest stands of the northern Rocky Mountains in the USA. We sampled 10 Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca), 10 ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and seven western white pines (Pinus monticola Dougl.). As expected, variation in atmospheric conditions was recorded in the delta O-18 of the cellulose produced in a given year, but observed climatic correlations with delta O-18 were weak. Significant correlations with June climate data included: daily maximum temperature (r = 0.29), daily minimum temperature (r=-0.25), mean temperature (r = 0.20), mean daily precipitation (r = -0.54), vaporpressure deficit (r = 0.32) and solar radiation (r = 0.44). Lagged effects were observed in Douglas-fir and western white pine. In these species, the delta O-18 of a given annual ring was correlated with the 8180 of the previous ring. Ponderosa pine showed no significant autocorrelation. Although the species means were correlated among years (r 0.67 to 0.76), ponderosa pine was consistently enriched in delta O-18 relative to the other species, differences were close to 2 parts per thousand and they are steadily increasing. Relative to the mean for the three species, ponderosa pine is becoming steadily more enriched (-1.0 parts per thousand). In contrast. Douglas-fir is being steadily depleted and western pine is intermediate, with an enrichment of 0.5 parts per thousand. Because all trees were exposed to the same atmospheric conditions, the differences in delta O-18 observed between species are likely due either to differences in the depth of water extraction or leaf function. If the former, presumably ponderosa pine has steadily taken up more water from near the soil surface and Douglas-fir has shifted uptake to a greater depth. If the latter, we suggest the pronounced changes in leaf-water delta O-18 are a result of changes in leaf structure and function with tree size and age. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Marshall, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jdm@uidaho.edu NR 57 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 28 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1055 EP 1066 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 067TW UT WOS:000239326500009 PM 16651255 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH Poss, JA Shouse, PJ Grieve, CM AF Skaggs, T. H. Poss, J. A. Shouse, P. J. Grieve, C. M. TI Irrigating forage crops with saline waters: 1. Volumetric lysimeter studies SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT; QUALITY; STRESS; SALT AB regions lacking outlets for agricultural drainage disposal, the recycling of drainage waters for irrigation is increasingly seen as a viable management option. Vadose zone modeling could potentially assist in the design of management practices for drainage reuse operations, but data are lacking about the accuracy of simulations of root water uptake under the dynamic, saline field conditions that are encountered in reuse systems. This study used a volumetric lysimeter system to examine, within the context of drainage reuse management systems, relationships between irrigation water salinity, irrigation depth, forage crop biomass production (alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.] and tall wheatgrass [Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv.]), ET (evapotranspiration), drainage depth, and drainage water quality. Findings include: (i) ET rates in the volumetric lysimeters were very high owing to clothesline and oasis effects; (ii) the relationship between ET and yield differed from what has been reported in the literature, possibly due to higher evaporation rates in abundantly watered, salt-stressed treatments that had reduced canopy cover; (iii) the salt tolerance exhibited by tall wheatgrass was significantly lower than what has been reported in the literature, whereas the salt tolerance of alfalfa was found to be in reasonably good agreement with reported values; (iv) leaching fractions varied greatly in response to both irrigation depth and irrigation water quality; and (v) drainage water quality and depth varied in response to temporal variations in evapotranspiration. In a companion study, the data were evaluated against a simulation model considered for use in the design of reuse management practices. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM tskaggs@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 815 EP 823 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0119 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600001 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH Shouse, PJ Poss, JA AF Skaggs, T. H. Shouse, P. J. Poss, J. A. TI Irrigating forage crops with saline waters: 2. Modeling root uptake and drainage SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB The recycling of agricultural drainage water for irrigation is increasingly viewed as a desirable management practice in areas with limited options for drainage disposal. Modeling is potentially a cost-effective approach to examining design and management options for drainage reuse systems, but questions exist about the accuracy of simulated root water uptake in dynamic, highly saline conditions such as those encountered in reuse operations. This study compares HYDRUS-1D simulations of root water uptake and drainage with lysimeter data collected during an experiment in which forage crops (alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.] and tall wheatgrass [Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv.]) were irrigated with synthetic drainage waters. A trial-and-error fitting procedure was used to determine uptake reduction parameters for each crop. Good agreement between the model simulations and data was achieved, a noteworthy result given the broad range of experimental conditions considered: irrigation waters with salinities ranging from 2.5 to 28 dS m(-1) and irrigation rates ranging from deficit to luxurious. The approximations required to derive uptake reduction parameters from published salt tolerance data are examined. Simulations are presented that attempt to account for the uncertainty in derived uptake reduction functions. Overall, we concluded that the general modeling approach captures many essential features of root water uptake under stressed conditions and it may be useful in designing and analyzing reuse operations. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM tskaggs@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 824 EP 837 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0120 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600002 ER PT J AU Boivin, A Simunek, J Schiavon, M van Genuchten, MT AF Boivin, Arnaud Simunek, Jirka Schiavon, Michel van Genuchten, Martinus Th. TI Comparison of pesticide transport processes in three tile-drained field soils using HYDRUS-2D SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLOOD-IRRIGATED FIELD; SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; MASS-TRANSFER; NONEQUILIBRIUM TRANSPORT; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; VADOSE ZONE AB The purpose of this study was to assess the transport of the herbicide bentazone [3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)one 2,2-dioxide] in three contrasting tile-drained cultivated field soils subject to otherwise similar experimental conditions. Observed drain discharge rates and chemical concentrations in the drainage water reflected the different transport processes at the three sites in the same area of northeastern France: a sandy loam site (Villey), a silt loam site (Bouzule-1), and a silty clay site (Bouzule-2). The sandy loam site showed very little tile drainage (240 m3 ha21) during the 100-d study in the spring of 2002, as well as low chemical losses in the drainage water (0.16% [v/v] of the applied amount). While little drainage was observed also for the silty clay soil (175 m3 ha21), observed pesticide losses were considerably larger (1.25% of the applied amount). The silt loam soil, in comparison, showed much more drainage (521 m3 ha21) and the highest chemical loads in the drainage water (2.7% of the applied amount). Numerical simulations of drain discharge with the HYDRUS-2D variably saturated flow and solute transport model compared well with the observed data for the relatively homogeneous sandy loam (Villey) and the silt loam (Bouzule- 1) soils. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the bottom layer in both cases was key to correctly predicting the drainage fluxes. Accurate predictions of the silty clay field data (Bouzule- 2) could be obtained only when the soil hydraulic functions were modified to account for preferential flow through drying cracks near the soil surface. Chemical concentrations could be better described using a dual-porosity (mobile-immobile water type) transport model for all three soils, including the sandy loam. Results indicate that water and pesticide transport in soils is governed by site-specific processes. Optimal use of the HYDRUS-2D flow and transport model allowed a reasonable description of the field-scale pesticide processes using only a limited number of adjustable parameters. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. INRA, ENSAIA, INPL, UMR,Lab Sols & Environm, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Boivin, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM arnaud.boivin@lyon.cemagref.fr RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 838 EP 849 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0089 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600003 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Evett, Steven R. Tolk, Judy A. Howell, Terry A. TI Soil profile water content determination: Sensor accuracy, axial response, calibration, temperature dependence, and precision SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; BULK ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM; LABORATORY CALIBRATION; PERMITTIVITY; FREQUENCY; DYNAMICS; DESIGN AB Although the neutron moisture meter (NMM) has served the need for accurate soil water content determinations well, increasing regulatory burdens, including the requirement that the NMM not be left unattended, limit the usefulness of the method. Newer methods, which respond to soil electromagnetic (EM) properties, typically allow data logging and unattended operation, but with uncertain precision, accuracy, and volume of sensitivity. In laboratory columns of three soils, we compared the Sentek EnviroSCAN and Diviner 2000 capacitance devices, the Delta-T PR1/6 Profiler capacitance probe, the Trime T3 tube-probe, all EM methods, with the NMM and conventional time domain reflectometry (TDR, also an EM method). All but conventional TDR can be used in access tubes. Measurements were made before, during, and after wetting to saturation in triplicate repacked columns of three soils ranging in total clay content from 17 to 48%. Each column was weighed continuously, and thermocouple determinations of temperature were made every 30 min throughout. All of the devices were sensitive to temperature except for the NMM, with conventional TDR being the least sensitive of the EM devices ( sensitivity 0.01 m(3) m(-3) for the Trime and Delta-T devices. Accuracy of the devices was judged by the root mean squared difference (RMSD) between column mean water contents determined by mass balance and those determined by the devices using factory calibrations. Smaller values of the RMSD metric indicated more accurate factory calibration. The Delta-T system was least accurate, with an RMSD of 1.299 m(3) m(-3) at saturation. At saturation, the Diviner, EnviroSCAN, NMM, and Trime devices all exhibited RMSD values > 0.05 m(3) m(-3), while TDR exhibited RMSD < 0.03 m(3) m(-3). Soil-specific calibrations determined in this study resulted in RMSE of regression values (an indicator of calibration accuracy) ranging from 0.010 to 0.058 m(3) m(-3). All of the devices would require separate calibrations for different soil horizons. Of the EM devices, only the Delta-T PR1/6 exhibited axial sensitivity appreciably larger than the axial height of the sensor, indicating small measurement volumes generally, and suggesting that these systems may be susceptible to small-scale variations in soil water content (at scales smaller than the representative elemental volume for water content) and to soil disturbance close to the access tube caused during installation. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 7 U2 47 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 894 EP 907 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0149 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600010 ER PT J AU Kung, KJS Kladivko, EJ Helling, CS Gish, TJ Steenhuis, TS Jaynes, DB AF Kung, K. -J. S. Kladivko, E. J. Helling, C. S. Gish, T. J. Steenhuis, T. S. Jaynes, D. B. TI Quantifying the pore size spectrum of macropore-type preferential pathways under transient flow SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; DEPENDENT TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MASS-TRANSFER; POROUS-MEDIA; FIELD SOILS; TRACERS; WATER; IMPACT AB It is well known that there is a spectrum of pores in a soil profile. The conventional use of a single lumped value of soil hydraulic conductivity to describe a spectrum of hydraulically active pores may have unintentionally impeded the development of field-scale chemical transport theory and perhaps indirectly hindered the development of management protocols for chemical application and waste disposal. In this study, three sets of four field-scale tracer mass flux breakthrough patterns measured under transient unsaturated flow conditions were used to evaluate the validity of an indirect method to quantify equivalent pore spectra of macropore-type preferential flow pathways. Results indicated that there were distinct trends in how pore spectra of macropore-type preferential flow pathways changed when a soil profile became wetter during a precipitation event. This suggests that the indirect method has predictive value and is perhaps a better alternative to the lumped soil hydraulic conductivity approach in accurately determining the impact of macropore-type preferential flow pathways on water movement and solute transport under transient unsaturated flow conditions. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, BARCW, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BARCW, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kung, KJS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kskung@wisc.edu NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 978 EP 989 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600016 ER PT J AU Simunek, J He, CM Pang, LP Bradford, SA AF Simunek, Jirka He, Changming Pang, Liping Bradford, S. A. TI Colloid-facilitated solute transport in variably saturated porous media: Numerical model and experimental verification SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALLUVIAL GRAVEL AQUIFER; DEEP-BED FILTRATION; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; LABORATORY COLUMN; ANION EXCLUSION; IONIC-STRENGTH; SAND COLUMNS; WATER; SOILS AB Strongly sorbing chemicals (e. g., heavy metals, radionuclides, pharmaceuticals, and explosives) in porous media are associated predominantly with the solid phase, which is commonly assumed to be stationary. However, recent field- and laboratory-scale observations have shown that in the presence of mobile colloidal particles (e.g., microbes, humic substances, clays, and metal oxides), colloids can act as pollutant carriers and thus provide a rapid transport pathway for strongly sorbing contaminants. To address this problem, we developed a one-dimensional numerical model based on the HYDRUS-1D software package that incorporates mechanisms associated with colloid and colloid-facilitated solute transport in variably saturated porous media. The model accounts for transient variably saturated water flow, and for both colloid and solute movement due to advection, diffusion, and dispersion, as well as for solute movement facilitated by colloid transport. The colloid transport module additionally considers the processes of attachment/detachment to/from the solid phase and/or the air-water interface, straining, and/or size exclusion. Various blocking and depth dependent functions can be used to modify the attachment and straining coefficients. The solute transport module uses the concept of two-site sorption to describe nonequilibrium adsorption-desorption reactions to the solid phase. The module further assumes that contaminants can be sorbed onto surfaces of both deposited and mobile colloids, fully accounting for the dynamics of colloid movement between different phases. Application of the model is demonstrated using selected experimental data from published saturated column experiments, conducted to investigate the transport of Cd in the presence of Bacillus subtilis spores in alluvial gravel aquifer media. Numerical results simulating bacteria transport, as well as the bacteria-facilitated Cd transport, are compared with experimental results. A sensitivity analysis of the model to various parameters is also presented. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Inst Envrionm Sci & Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Simunek, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Jiri.Simunek@ucr.edu RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 69 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 83 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 1035 EP 1047 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0151 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600020 ER PT J AU Schwank, M Green, TR Matzler, C Benedickter, H Fluhler, H AF Schwank, Mike Green, Timothy R. Maetzler, Christian Benedickter, Hansruedi Fluehler, Hannes TI Laboratory characterization of a commercial capacitance sensor for estimating permittivity and inferring soil water content SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY; PROBE SENSORS; CALIBRATION; TEMPERATURE; COATINGS; MODEL AB Ring-capacitor sensors are used widely for real-time estimation of volumetric soil water content theta from measured resonant frequency f(r), which is directly affected by the bulk soil permittivity e. However, the relationship fr( e) requires improved quantification. We conducted laboratory experiments to characterize the response of the Sentek EnviroSMART sensor system for a full range of e values from air to water and a range of temperatures. Water-dioxane mixtures were placed into a solvent-resistant container equipped with custom tools for heating and mixing the fluid, removing air bubbles from sensitive surfaces, measuring permittivity in situ, and creating an axisymmetric metal disturbance to the electric field. Total capacitance C was measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA) connected to one sensor, while four other sensors provided replicated fr readings. The measured temperature response of free water permittivity was linear with a negative slope, which is qualitatively consistent with theory. A precise nonlinear relationship between e and normalized fr was derived. The instrumental error in e was RMSE epsilon = 0.226 ( for < epsilon < 43), which corresponds to a measurement precision in theta(epsilon) derived from Topp's equation of RMSE theta= 0.0034 m(3) m(-3). Axisymmetric numerical simulations of the electric field supplemented the experimental results. The characteristic length scale for the distance measured radially from the access tube is 12.5 mm, meaning that 80 and 95% of the signal are sensed within approximately 20 and 37 mm of the access tube, respectively. The results are crucial for scientific applications of the investigated sensor type to environmental media. C1 ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terrestrial Ecosyst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ETHZ, Lab Electromagnet Fields & Microwave Elect, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Schwank, M (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terrestrial Ecosyst, CHN E29,Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM mike.schwank@env.ethz.ch RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011; Bihn, Jochen/I-3491-2012 OI Bihn, Jochen/0000-0002-6717-6786 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 1048 EP 1064 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0009 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600021 ER PT J AU Anthony, RG Forsman, ED Franklin, AB Anderson, DR Burnham, KP White, GC Schwarz, CJ Nichols, JD Hines, JE Olson, GS Ackers, SH Andrews, LS Biswell, BL Carlson, PC Diller, LV Dugger, KM Fehring, KE Fleming, TL Gerhardt, RP Gremel, SA Gutierrez, RJ Happe, PJ Herter, DR Higley, JM Horn, RB Irwin, LL Loschl, PJ Reid, JA Sovern, SG AF Anthony, Robert G. Forsman, Eric D. Franklin, Alan B. Anderson, David R. Burnham, Kenneth P. White, Gary C. Schwarz, Carl J. Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Olson, Gail S. Ackers, Steven H. Andrews, Lawrence S. Biswell, Brian L. Carlson, Peter C. Diller, Lowell V. Dugger, Katie M. Fehring, Katherine E. Fleming, Tracy L. Gerhardt, Richard P. Gremel, Scott A. Gutierrez, R. J. Happe, Patti J. Herter, Dale R. Higley, J. Mark Horn, Robert B. Irwin, Larry L. Loschl, Peter J. Reid, Janice A. Sovern, Stan G. TI Status and trends in demography of northern spotted owls, 1985-2003 SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE annual rate of population change; capture-resighting; demography; fecundity; northern spotted owls; Strix occidentalis caurina; survival rates ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SNOWSHOE HARE CYCLE; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GREAT HORNED OWLS; MODEL SELECTION; WESTERN OREGON; MARKED ANIMALS; BARRED OWLS AB We analyzed demographic data from northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) from 14 study areas in Washington, Oregon, and California for 1985-2003. The purpose of our analyses was to provide an assessment of the status and trends of northern spotted owl populations throughout most of their geographic range. The 14 study areas made up approximately 12% of the range of the subspecies and included federal, tribal, private, and mixed federal and private lands. The study areas also included all the major forest types that the subspecies inhabits. The analyses followed rigorous protocols that were developed a priori and were the result of extensive discussions and consensus among the authors. Our primary objectives were to estimate fecundity, apparent survival (phi), and annual rate of population change (lambda) and to determine if there were any temporal trends in these population parameters. In addition to analyses of data from individual study areas, we conducted 2 meta-analyses on each demographic parameter. One meta-analysis was conducted on all 14 areas, and the other was restricted to the 8 areas that constituted the Effectiveness Monitoring Plan for northern spotted owls under the Northwest Forest Plan. The average number of years of reproductive data per study area was 14 (range = 5-19), and the average number of recapture occasions per study area was 13 (range = 4-18). Only 1 study area had < 12 years of data. Our results were based on 32,054 captures and resightings of 11,432 banded individuals for estimation of survival and 10,902 instances in which we documented the number of young produced by territorial females. The number of young fledged (NYF) per territorial female was analyzed by testing a suite of a priori models that included (1) effects of age, (2) linear or quadratic time trends, (3) presence of barred owls (Strix varia) in spotted owl territories, and (4) an even-odd year effect. The NYF varied among years on most study areas with a biennial cycle of high reproduction in even-numbered years and low reproduction in odd-numbered years. These cyclic fluctuations did not occur on all study areas, and the even-odd year effect waned during the last 5 years of the study. Fecundity was highest for adults ((x) over bar = 0.372, SE = 0.029), lower for 2-year-olds ((x) over bar = 0.208, SE = 0.032), and very low for 1-year-olds ((x) over bar = 0.074, SE = 0.029). Fecundity was stable over time for 6 areas (Rainier, Olympic, Warm Springs, H. J. Andrews, Klamath, and Marin), declining for 6 areas (Wenatchee, Cie Elum, Oregon Coast Range, Southern Oregon Cascades, Northwest California, and Simpson), and slightly increasing for 2 areas (Tyee, Hoopa). We found little association between NYF and the proportion of northern spotted owl territories where barred owls were detected, although results were suggestive of a negative effect of barred owls on the Wenatchee and Olympic study areas. The meta-analysis on fecundity indicated substantial annual variability with no increasing or decreasing trends. Fecundity was highest in the mixed-conifer region of eastern Washington ((x) over bar = 0.560, SE = 0.041) and lowest in the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) region of the Oregon coast ((x) over bar = 0.306, SE = 0.039). We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber open population models and Program MARK to estimate apparent survival rates of owls > 1 year old. We found no differences in apparent survival rates between sexes except for 1 area (Marin), which had only 6 years of data. Estimates of apparent survival from individual study areas indicated that there were differences among age classes with adults generally having higher survival than 1 and 2-year-olds. Apparent survival rates ranged from 0.750 (SE = 0.026) to 0.886 (SE = 0.010) for adults, 0.626 (SE = 0.073) to 0.886 (SE = 0.010) for 2-year-olds, and 0.415 (SE = 0.111) to 0.860 (SE = 0.017) for 1-year-olds. These estimates were comparable to survival rates from previous studies on the subspecies. We found evidence for negative time trends in survival rates on 5 study areas (Wenatchee, Cie Elum, Rainier, Olympic, and Northwest California) and no trends in survival on the remaining areas. There was evidence for negative effects of barred owls on apparent survival on 3 study areas (Wenatchee, Cie Elum, and Olympic). Survival rates of adult owls on the 8 Monitoring Areas generally were high, ranging from 0.85 (SE = 0.009) to 0.89 (SE = 0.010), but were declining on the Cie Elum, Olympic, and Northwestern California study areas. The meta-analysis of apparent survival indicated differences among regions and changes over time with a downward trend in the mixed-conifer and Douglas-fir regions of Washington. The meta-analysis of apparent survival also indicated that there was a negative association between fecundity and survival the following year, suggesting a cost of reproduction on survival. This effect was limited to the Douglas-fir and mixed-conifer regions of Washington and the Douglas-fir region of the Oregon Cascade Mountains. We used the reparameterized Jolly-Seber method Q-RA to estimate annual rate of population change of territorial owls in the study areas. This estimate answers the question, Are these territorial owls being replaced in this geographically open population? Point estimates of lambda(RJS) were < 1.0 for 12 of 13 study areas. The analyses provided strong evidence that populations on the Wenatchee, Cie Elum, Rainier, Olympic, Warm Springs, H. J. Andrews, Oregon Coast Ranges, and Simpson study areas were declining during the study. The mean RJS for the 13 study areas was 0.963 (SE = 0.009), suggesting that populations over all the areas were declining about 3.7% per year during the study. The mean lambda(RJS) for the 8 monitoring areas for the Northwest Forest Plan was 0.976 (SE = 0.007) compared to a mean of 0.942 (SE = 0.016) for the other study areas, a 2.4-versus-5.8% decline per year. This suggested that owl populations on federal lands had higher demographic rates than elsewhere; thus, the Northwest Forest Plan appeared to have a positive effect on demography of northern spotted owls. Populations were doing poorest in Washington, where apparent survival rates and populations were declining on all 4 study areas. Our estimates of lambda(RJS) were generally lower than those reported in a previous analysis (lambda(RJS) = 0.997, SE = 0.003) for many of the same areas at an earlier date. The possible causes of population declines include but are not limited to habitat loss from timber harvest and fires, competition with barred owls, and weather patterns. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Hoopa Tribal Forestry, Hoopa, CA 95546 USA. Green Diamond Resource Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Brush Prairie, WA 98606 USA. Sage Sci, Madras, OR 97741 USA. USDI Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Raedeke Associates Inc, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. USID Bur Land Management, Roseburg Dist Off, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Roseburg Field Stn, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. RP Anthony, RG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 118 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2006 IS 163 BP 1 EP 48 PG 48 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 179GC UT WOS:000247276700001 ER PT J AU Pizarro, C Mulbry, W Blersch, D Kangas, P AF Pizarro, C. Mulbry, W. Blersch, D. Kangas, P. TI An economic assessment of algal turf scrubber technology for treatment of dairy manure effluent SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE algal turf scrubber; dairy manure; phytoremediation; algae; nitrogen; phosphorus; organic fertilizer ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; LOADING RATES; POND SYSTEMS; FARM; BIOMASS AB Controlling the input of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from dairies and other livestock operations into the surrounding air- and water-sheds poses both technical and economic challenges to the agricultural community The purpose of this paper is to assess the economics of algal turf scrubber treatment technology at the farm-scale for a hypothetical 1000-cow dairy. Costs were developed for farms with and without anaerobic pretreatment. The majority of capital costs were due to land preparation, installation of liner material, and engineering fees. The majority of operational costs were due to energy requirements for biomass drying, pumping water, and repayment of capital investment. on farms using anaerobic pretreatment, waste heat from burning of biogas could be used to offset the energy requirements of biomass drying. In addition, biogas combustion exhaust gas could then be recycled back to the algal system to supply dissolved inorganic carbon for optimal algal production and pH control. Under the best case (algal system coupled with anaerobic digestion pretreatment), the yearly operational costs per cow, per kg N, per kg P, and per kg of dried biomass were $454, $6.20, $31.10, and $0.70, respectively. Without anaerobic digestion pretreatment, the yearly operational costs were 36% higher, amounting to $631 per cow, $8.70 per kg N, $43.20 per kg P, and $0.97 per kg of dried biomass. For perspective, a recent survey of 36 Maryland dairy farms found long-term annual profits of about $500 per cow. As no market currently exists for manure grown algal biomass, our cost analysis does not include any value of the biomass generated during manure treatment. In addition, there are a variety of potential uses for the algal biomass from manure treatment that could defray treatment costs. Future opportunities for dairies to participate in nutrient trading approaches to watershed nutrient management may also become important. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Biol Resources Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mulbry, W (reprint author), ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, USDA, Bldg 306,Romm 109,BARC E,10,300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mulbryw@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Blersch, David/L-7490-2015 NR 35 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 7 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUL 31 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.12.009 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 070FK UT WOS:000239505500002 ER PT J AU Ekka, SA Hagard, BE Matlock, MD Chaubey, I AF Ekka, S. A. Hagard, B. E. Matlock, M. D. Chaubey, I. TI Dissolved phosphorus concentrations and sediment interactions in effluent-dominated Ozark streams SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; effluent discharge; wastewater treatment plant; stream sediment; Arkansas ID LOWLAND RIVER; NUTRIENT RETENTION; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; DYNAMICS; PHOSPHATE; WATER; LIMITATION; ECOSYSTEM; RELEASE; WETLAND AB Phosphorus (P) loads from point sources have a significant influence on dissolved P concentrations in streams and sediment-water column dynamics. The goal of this study was to quantify dissolved P concentrations and sediment-P interactions in Ozark (USA) headwater streams with high point source P loads. Specifically, the objectives were to: (1) compare soluble reactive P (SRP) upstream and downstream from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharges; (2) examine longitudinal gradients in SRP downstream from WWTPs; (3) evaluate the effect of WTTP P inputs on sediment-water column P equilibrium and sediment exchangeable P. Water and sediment samples were collected, extracted and analyzed from July 2002 through June 2003 at these Ozark streams. Mean SRP concentrations in the select Ozark streams were significantly greater downstream from effluent discharges (0.08-2.10 mg L-1) compared to upstream (0.02-0.12 mg L-1). Effluent discharge from the WWTPs increased equilibrium concentrations between stream sediments and the water column; mean sediment equilibrium P concentration (EPCO) was between 0.01-0.07 mg L-1 upstream from WWTP and the increase downstream was proportional to that observed in water column SRP. Sediment exchangeable P (EXP) was greater downstream from the effluent discharges (0.3-6.8 mg kg(-1)) compared to upstream (0.03-1.4 mg kg(-1)), representing a substantial transient storage of P inputs from WWTPs. Furthermore, P was generally not retained in these stream reaches when dilution was considered using a hydrologic tracer and was released in one stream reach where effluent P concentrations decreased over the study period. Thus, the effect of the WWTPs was profound in these streams increasing water column and sediment-bound P, and also reducing the ability of these stream reaches to retain P. In P-enriched streams, effluent P discharges likely regulate sediment and aqueous phase P equilibrium and sediment bioavailable P, not the sediments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Hagard, BE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM haggard@uark.edu NR 37 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUL 31 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 375 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.01.002 PG 17 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 070FK UT WOS:000239505500008 ER PT J AU Smith, WD Zarlenga, DS AF Smith, W. D. Zarlenga, D. S. TI Developments and hurdles in generating vaccines for controlling helminth parasites of grazing ruminants SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Novel Approaches to the Control of Helminth Parasites of Livestock CY JAN 10-12, 2005 CL Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Univ Cultural Ctr, Merida, MEXICO HO Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Univ Cultural Ctr DE helminths; vaccines; hidden antigens; ES antigens; formulation; delivery ID NEMATODE HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; FASCIOLA-HEPATICA INFECTION; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; GUT MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; INTESTINAL BRUSH-BORDER; CATHEPSIN-L PROTEINASES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM AB As a direct consequence of rising drug resistance among common nematodes of grazing animals, efforts toward state-of-the-art vaccine development have clearly intensified in recent years, fuelled primarily by the advent of newer technologies in gene discovery, by advancements in antigen identification, characterisation and production. In this regard, it is appropriate to review progress that has been made in generating helminth vaccines and in particular, vaccines against common nematodes of production animals for consumption. In like manner, it is prudent to evaluate barriers that have hindered progress in the past and continue to present obstacles that must be solved when utilizing and depending on host immunity to attenuate parasitic infections. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Moredun Res Inst, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, WD (reprint author), Moredun Res Inst, Pentlands Sci Pk,Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM smitd@mri.sari.ac.uk NR 81 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 31 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 4 SI SI BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.024 PG 13 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 067AQ UT WOS:000239272800008 PM 16750599 ER PT J AU Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Njoku, EG AF Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas J. Gasiewski, Albin J. Klein, Marian Njoku, Eni G. TI Soil moisture mapping and AMSR-E validation using the PSR in SMEX02 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE microwave remote sensing; soil moisture; AMSR; PSR ID MICROWAVE EMISSION; WATER-CONTENT; RETRIEVAL; SOYBEANS; CORN; GHZ AB Field experiments (SMEX02) were conducted to evaluate the effects of dense agricultural crop conditions on soil moisture retrieval using passive microwave remote sensing. Aircraft observations were collected using a new version of the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) that provided four C band and four X band frequencies. Observations were also available from the Aqua satellite Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) at these same frequencies. SMEX02 was conducted over a three-week period during the summer near Ames, Iowa. Corn and soybeans dominate the region. During the study period the corn was approaching its peak water content state and the soybeans were at the mid point of the growth cycle. Aircraft observations are compared to ground observations. Subsequently models are developed to describe the effects of corn and soybeans on soil moisture retrieval. Multiple altitude aircraft brightness temperatures were compared to AMSR-E observations to understand brightness temperature scaling and provide validation. The X-band observations from the two sensors were in reasonable agreement. The AMSR-E C-band observations were contaminated with anthropogenic RFI, which made comparison to the PSR invalid. Aircraft data along with ancillary data were used in a retrieval algorithm to map soil moisture. The PSR estimated soil moisture retrievals on a field-by-field comparison had a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 5.5%. The error reduced when high altitude soil moisture estimates were aggregated to 25 km resolution (same as AMSR-E EASE grid product resolution) (SEE similar to 2.85%). These soil moisture products provide a validation of the AMSR retrievals. PSR/CX soil moisture images show spatial and temporal patterns consistent with meteorological and soil conditions. The dynamic range of the PSR/CX observations indicates that reasonable soil moisture estimates can be obtained from AMSR, even in areas of high vegetation biomass content (similar to 4-8 kg/m2). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, SSAI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Bindlish, R (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SSAI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg,007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bindlish@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Xie, Xingmei/G-7311-2011 NR 20 TC 68 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 30 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 068ID UT WOS:000239366000001 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ AF Massman, W. J. TI Advective transport of CO2 in permeable media induced by atmospheric pressure fluctuations: 1. An analytical model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; MOLECULAR-DIFFUSION; VADOSE ZONE; AIR-FLOW; DISPERSION; SNOW; CONTAMINANT; NETWORK; SOIL; CLIMATOLOGY AB Advective flows within soils and snowpacks caused by pressure fluctuations at the upper surface of either medium can significantly influence the exchange rate of many trace gases from the underlying substrate to the atmosphere. Given the importance of many of these trace gases in understanding biogeochemical cycling and global change, it is crucial to quantify (as much as possible) any impact these flows can have on the transport of these gases. This study (part 1 of 2) details a new model describing the influence that naturally occurring, pressure-driven, oscillatory advective flows have on CO2 profiles within soils and snowpacks and on the associated CO2 fluxes emanating from the underlying source. This model, which consists of two layers with differing permeability and CO2 source strength, is developed for both a dispersive and a nondispersive medium. The pressure forcing and the CO2 response, modeled as plane waves in time and the horizontal direction, have amplitudes that vary in the vertical direction as described by analytical solutions to the diffusion equation (for pressure) and the advective-diffusive and dispersive-diffusive equations (for CO2). In the case of a dispersive medium, the dispersion coefficient is derived in terms of the horizontal wave number and amplitude of the pressure forcing at the upper surface and the vertical structure and dispersivity of the medium. Diffusive flux enhancement factors, developed for the dispersive and nondispersive models, are expressed as functions of the surface amplitude of the pressure forcing, the permeability and cross-sectional shape and dimension of the pore tubes of the medium, and the vertical structure of the medium. Results indicate that advective flows induced by naturally occurring atmospheric pressure fluctuations are likely to enhance diffusive fluxes more in a dispersive medium than a nondispersive medium. However, such pressure forcing can significantly enhance diffusive fluxes in either medium. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rockt Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rockt Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM wmassman@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G3 AR G03004 DI 10.1029/2006JG000163 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090YT UT WOS:000240992900001 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ Frank, JM AF Massman, W. J. Frank, J. M. TI Advective transport of CO2 in permeable media induced by atmospheric pressure fluctuations: 2. Observational evidence under snowpacks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; RADON TRANSPORT; SNOW; FLOW; SOIL; DIFFUSION AB Meadow and forest CO2 amounts sampled beneath an approximately meter deep (steady state) snowpack at a subalpine site in southern Rocky Mountains of Wyoming are observed to vary by nearly 200 ppm over periods ranging from 4 to 15 days. This work employs the model of periodic, pressure-induced, advective transport in permeable media developed in part 1 of this study to investigate these CO2 fluctuations. With the aid of this physically based model, inferences are made about the nature of the physical properties of both the forcing mechanism and the snowpack that contribute to these periodic variations in undersnow CO2. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the undersnow CO2 is being driven by advective flows induced by pressure fields created when the wind interacts with the local aerodynamic roughness elements (nearby mountain peaks, forest edges, snowdrifts). Nonharmonic spectral and cospectral techniques indicate that the wind modulates the low-frequency temporal dynamics of the undersnow CO2, whereas comparisons of the modeled and observed time lag between the surface forcing and the response of the undersnow CO2 suggest that site topography determines the horizontal structure of the wind (surface pressure) forcing. It is also suggested here that the snowpack is at most a weakly dispersive medium. Finally, because the model includes a CO2 source term in the soil underlying the snowpack, other findings suggest that both the wintertime CO2 fluxes emanating from the snowpack and the soil respiration rates may vary significantly between a meadow soil and a forest soil at this site. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rockt Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rockt Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wmassman@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G3 AR G03005 DI 10.1029/2006JG000164 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090YT UT WOS:000240992900002 ER PT J AU Gates, MW Metz, MA Schauff, ME AF Gates, M. W. Metz, M. A. Schauff, M. E. TI The circumscription of the generic concept of Aximopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea : Eurytomidae) with the description of seven new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Aximopsis; Chalcidoidea; Eurytomidae; systematics; leafminers; Buprestidae ID BUPRESTIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB The genus Aximopsis is redefined, an hypothesis of its phylogenetic placement within Eurytominae is presented, and seven species are described as new: A. anubis Gates, A. arietinis Gates, A. hespenheidei Gates, A. hippolytis Gates, A. lanceolepis Gates, A. pythmenis Gates, and A. vogti Gates. Three new combinations are proposed: Philolema javensis (Girault), 1917, n. comb., Philolema tephrosiae Girault, 1917, n. comb., and Eurytoma tricolor n. comb. Aximopsis elegans Masi (1917) is placed incertae sedis. Aximopsis ovi Girault and A. tumidiscapi Girault are nomina nuda. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. BARC WEST, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gates, MW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mgates@sel.barc.usda.gov; markmetz@sel.barc.usda.gov; schauff@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 27 PY 2006 IS 1273 BP 9 EP 54 PG 46 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 068BO UT WOS:000239346900002 ER PT J AU Shakya, R Navarre, DA AF Shakya, Roshani Navarre, Duroy A. TI Rapid screening of ascorbic acid, glycoalkaloids, and phenolics in potato using high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ascorbic acid; functional foods; flavonoids; kukoamines; potato; phenolics; plant disease resistance; glycoalkaloids; Solanum tuberosum ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM TUBERS; DIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHLOROGENIC ACID; LC-MSN; RESISTANCE; FOODS; PURIFICATION; POLYPHENOLS; EXTRACTION AB Evaluation of phenolic metabolism in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) would be facilitated by faster analytical methods. A high-throughput HPLC method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination in potato of numerous phenolic compounds, the sum of the glycoalkaloids chaconine and solanine, plus ascorbic acid. Following a fast extraction, HPLC run times of 12 min were achieved with the use of a monolithic RP C-18 column. UV and MS analyses were used to characterize the phenolic complement in extracts from two white-fleshed varieties. Over 30 compounds were identified, some of which are thought to possess either nutritional value or are involved in plant disease resistance. This method is expected to be useful for germplasm mining and for varietal development programs in which large numbers of lines are generated. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Navarre, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rnavarre@pars.ars.uda.gov NR 37 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 5253 EP 5260 DI 10.1021/jf0605300 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 064WH UT WOS:000239120200008 PM 16848503 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Dangaran, K Schmidt, WF AF Barone, Justin R. Dangaran, Kirsten Schmidt, Walter F. TI Blends of cysteine-containing proteins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE proteins; mechanical properties; permeability; birefringence ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; WHEAT GLUTEN FILMS; CARBOXYMETHYLATED FEATHER KERATINS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE FILMS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ZEIN FILMS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; EDIBLE FILMS; PLASTICIZERS AB Proteins such as keratin, lactalbumin, and gluten can be obtained from agricultural sources. These proteins contain the amino acid cysteine. Cysteine allows for the formation of inter- and intramolecular sulfur-sulfur bonds. It was found that cysteine-containing proteins have varied properties and can be blended together to form materials with the attributes of each polymer. The addition of wheat gluten to other proteins increases the strain to break or "toughness". The addition of lactalbumin increases the modulus and strength of blends. Birefringence shows that lactalbumin contains an added "structure" not found in the other proteins. Permeability studies reveal that one protein may dominate the transport of small molecules through the blend. Scanning electron microscopy shows that blends contain features of each protein and correlate with observed tensile properties. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baronej@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Dangaran, Kirsten/A-7947-2013 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 5393 EP 5399 DI 10.1021/jf053238l PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 064WH UT WOS:000239120200028 PM 16848523 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Natarajan, SS Mahmoud, AA Bennett, JO Krishnan, AH Prasad, BN AF Krishnan, Hari B. Natarajan, Savithiry S. Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Bennett, John O. Krishnan, Ammulu Hari Prasad, Braj Nandan TI Assessment of indigenous Nepalese soybean as a potential germplasm resource for improvement of protein in North American cultivars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE amino acid composition; beta-conglycinin; genetic diversity; glycinin; soybean; storage protein ID GENETIC DIVERSITY PATTERNS; SEED PROTEIN; ELECTROPHORESIS PROFILES; PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; ANCESTRAL LINES; GLYCININ GENE; CHINA; YIELD; COEFFICIENT; POPULATION AB Soybeans contain approximately 40% protein and 20% oil and represents an important source of protein in animal rations and human diets. Attempts are being made to increase further the overall protein content of soybeans by utilization of exotic germplasms. In this study, soybean cultivars from Nepal have been characterized and their potential as a germplasm resource for improvement of the protein content and quality of North American cultivars assessed. Soybean cultivars 'Sathia', 'Seti', 'Kavre', and 'Soida Chiny', indigenous to various regions of Nepal, contained 42-45% protein, which is significantly higher in comparison to that of the North American cultivar 'Williams 82' ( 39%). Fractionation of seed protein by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed differences in the protein profiles of these cultivars. Various isoelectric forms of glycinin and, beta-conglycinin were identified by comparing the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass fingerprinting data against the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant database. Nepalese cultivar Sathia was distinct, lacking some isoelectric forms of acidic and basic glycinin subunits while expressing other unique forms. The contribution of these unique protein spots present in either Sathia or Williams 82 to the total protein content was quantified using scanning laser densitometry. Distinct restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) for group 1 glycinin genes were observed among the tested Nepalese genotypes, indicating sequence variation among the cultivars. Conversely, evaluation of RFLP for the genes encoding group 2 glycinins beta-conglycinin, and Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors indicated a high degree of conservation in these genes. Determination of amino acid composition, a reflection of protein quality, indicated that the arginine content of the Nepalese soybeans ranged from 7.7 to 8.1%, which was 5-10% higher than the 7.4% expressed in Williams 82. Additionally, Karve and Seti contained significantly more cysteine than Williams 82. Nepalese high-protein soybeans having a desirable amino acid composition hold potential to increase the protein quality and diversity of North American cultivars. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Soybeam Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Tribhuvan Univ, Biotechnol Unit, Cent Dept Bot, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM krishnanh@missouri.edu NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 5489 EP 5497 DI 10.1021/jf0610559 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 064WH UT WOS:000239120200041 PM 16848536 ER PT J AU Matocha, MA Krutz, LJ Reddy, KN Senseman, SA Locke, MA Steinriede, RW Palmer, EW AF Matocha, Mark A. Krutz, L. Jason Reddy, Krishna N. Senseman, Scott A. Locke, Martin A. Steinriede, Robert W., Jr. Palmer, Eric W. TI Foliar washoff potential and simulated surface runoff losses of trifloxysulfuron in cotton SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE surface runoff; foliar washoff; sulfonylurea; sorption; mobility; cotton ID TILTED-BED SIMULATION; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; SORPTION-DESORPTION; CHEMICAL RUNOFF; RAINFALL; SOILS; ADSORPTION; TILLAGE; SULFONYLUREA; FORMULATION AB The surface runoff potential of trifloxysulfuron {N-[( 4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)carbamoyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoy)-pyridin-2-sulfonamide sodium salt} in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production systems has not been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine sorption/desorption coefficients for trifloxysulfuron; (ii) quantify foliar washoff of trifloxysulfuron when applied to cotton at the five-leaf stage; and (iii) determine the surface runoff potential of trifloxysulfuron when applied to cotton at the five-leaf stage and to bare soil. Freundlich sorption and desorption coefficients were 1.15 and 1.22, respectively. Sorption data indicated that trifloxysulfuron was moderately sorbed to soil and that it will be transported primarily in the dissolved phase of surface runoff. Foliar washoff studies revealed that approximately 91% of trifloxysulfuron applied to cotton at the five-leaf stage was available for washoff 72 h after application. Simulated rainfall (7.5 cm h(-1)) applied 1 day after herbicide application (7.9 g ha(-1)) resulted in average concentrations of trifloxysulfuron in surface runoff water of 0.8 mu g L-1 for bare plots and 1.3 Ag L-1 for cotton plots. Cumulative trifloxysulfuron losses in surface runoff from bare plots and cotton plots were 0.13 and 0.21 g ha(-1), respectively. These values correspond to fractional losses of 1.7% for bare plots and 2.7% for cotton plots. Greater runoff losses of trifloxysulfuron from cotton plots were attributed to foliar washoff. Trifloxysulfuron runoff losses may be curtailed if the herbicide is applied early postemergence when canopy coverage is minimal, thereby reducing the potential for foliar washoff. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas Cooperat Extens, Agr & Environm Safety, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Syngenta Crop Protect, Leland, MS 38756 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jkrutz@ars.usda.gov RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 5498 EP 5502 DI 10.1021/jf060511q PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 064WH UT WOS:000239120200042 PM 16848537 ER PT J AU Bondarenko, S Zheng, W Yates, SR Gan, J AF Bondarenko, S. Zheng, W. Yates, S. R. Gan, J. TI Dehalogenation of halogenated fumigants by polysulfide salts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE halogenated fumigants; polysulfide salts ID METHYL-BROMIDE; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; BISULFIDE HS; SOIL; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; TRANSFORMATION; SULFIDE; DISPROPORTIONATION; DETOXIFICATION AB Halogenated fumigants are among the most heavily used pesticides in agriculture. Because of their high mobility and toxicological characteristics, the contamination of air or groundwater by these compounds has been a great environmental concern. In this study, we investigated dehalogenation of several halogenated fumigants by polysulfides. The reaction of polysulfides and methyl iodide (Mel), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and chloropicrin (CP) was very rapid. When the initial fumigant and polysulfide concentrations were both 0.2 mM, the observed 50% disappearance time values (DT50) of Mel, cis-1,3-D, and trans-1,3-D were 27.2, 29.6, and 102 h, respectively. When the initial polysulfide concentration was 1.0 mM, the corresponding DT50 values were only 2.2, 1.6, and 3.8 h. Under similar conditions, the reaction with CP was even more rapid than with the other fumigants. In 0.2 mM polysulfide solution, more than 90% of the spiked CP disappeared in 1 h after the initiation of the reaction. The reaction between fumigants and polysulfides also progressed at enhanced rates when the polysulfide solution was initially purged with nitrogen. Analysis of reaction kinetics and initial products suggests that the reaction is S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution for Mel and 1,3-D but likely reductive dehalogenation for CP. Given the high reactivity of polysulfide salts toward halogenated fumigants, this reaction may be used as a pollution mitigation strategy, such as for disposal of fumigant wastes, treatment of fumigant-containing wastewater, and cleanup of fumigant residues in environmental media. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jgan@ucr.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 5503 EP 5508 DI 10.1021/jf0606914 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 064WH UT WOS:000239120200043 PM 16848538 ER PT J AU Williams, LD Glenn, AE Bacon, CW Smith, MA Riley, RT AF Williams, Lonnie D. Glenn, Anthony E. Bacon, Charles W. Smith, Mary A. Riley, Ronald T. TI Fumonisin production and Bioavailability to maize seedlings grown from seeds inoculated with Fusarium verticillioides and grown in natural soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Fusarium verticillioides; maize; seedling disease ID CORN; MONILIFORME; TOXIN; PHYTOTOXICITY; SPHINGANINE; BINDING; B1 AB The fungus Fusarium verticillioides infects maize and produces fumonisins. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of F. verticillioides to produce fumonisins in synthetic and natural soils and their biological availability to maize roots. Maize seeds were inoculated with a pathogenic strain of F. verticillioides( MRC826) and planted in synthetic and three different natural soils. There were statistically significant reductions in stalk weight and root mass and increased leaf lesions in the MRC826-treated seedlings in all soil types. Fumonisins were detected in all of the soils of seedlings grown from MRC826-inoculated seeds. The fumonisin produced in the soils was biologically available to seedlings as demonstrated by the statistically significant elevation of free sphingoid bases and sphingoid base 1-phosphates in their roots. These results indicate that F. verticillioides produced fumonisins in the autoclaved synthetic and natural soils and that the fumonisin produced is biologically available on the basis of evidence of inhibition of ceramide synthase. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rriley@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 15 BP 5694 EP 5700 DI 10.1021/jf0610209 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 064WH UT WOS:000239120200070 PM 16848565 ER PT J AU Ryu, SR Chen, JQ Zheng, DL Bresee, MK Crow, TR AF Ryu, Soung-Ryoul Chen, Jiquan Zheng, Daolan Bresee, Mary K. Crow, Thomas R. TI Simulating the effects of prescribed burning on fuel loading and timber production (EcoFL) in managed northern Wisconsin forests SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE fuel loading; harvesting; productivity; management ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FIRE; MODEL AB We developed a fuel loading prediction model (EcoFL), which quantified fuel loads at ecosystem level using a classical ecosystem productivity concept and aboveground biomass measurements. EcoFL predicted fuel loading with high precision (r(2) = 0.94), but the linear relationship between measured and predicted was slightly off from the 1:1 line (slope= 0.86-1.17). The study showed a possibility of developing landscape level fuel loading model. EcoFL indicated that carbon allocation had to be parameterized accurately to predict fuel loading precisely. Prescribed burning has been widely used to reduce fuel and promote ecosystem functions throughout the United States, but the long-term ecological impacts of prescribed burning are widely unknown. We evaluated the effect of alternative prescribed burning rotations (ROT), magnitude in productivity reduction by prescribed burning (MAG), and duration of productivity reduction (DUR) on fuel loading (Mg ha(-1)) and timber production (Mg ha(-1)) in managed northern hardwood, red pine (Pinus resinosa), and jack pine (P. banksiana) forests in northern Wisconsin. The results showed that DUR would be the most critical information when deciding ROT in order to preserve timber production and to maintain low fuel loading. The results implied that forest productivity could reduce timber production drastically, if ROT was shorter than DUR and ecosystem productivity was affected cumulatively by prescribed burning. Under a 5-year ROT, the harvested biomass was reduced up to 17.9, 30.4, and 25.5%, respectively, of controls in hardwood, red pine, and jack pine forests. For accurate long-term prediction of prescribed burning, substantial field data are still needed to identify productivity recovery pattern, carbon allocation after burning, and long-term effect of burning on productivity EcoFL has the potential to be used for evaluating the effect of various disturbances (e.g., thinning, harvesting) on fuel loading, and the output of EcoFL can be used as an input data for fire spread models. The results of this study will be fundamental for forest managers to balance the timber production and fuel reduction using prescribed burning. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. US Forest Serv, WFWAR, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ryu, SR (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM nickny@hotmail.com RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 196 IS 3-4 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.013 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063CY UT WOS:000238994800009 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Marcet, PL Graham, DH Dahl, ER Dubey, JP AF Lehmann, Tovi Marcet, Paula L. Graham, Doug H. Dahl, Erica R. Dubey, J. P. TI Globalization and the population structure of Toxoplasma gondii SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolutionary history; migration; pandemic genotype; protozoan parasite; trade ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; RECOMBINATION; INFERENCE; NETWORKS; LINEAGES; SURVIVAL; STRAINS; LOCI AB Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects nearly all mammal and bird species worldwide. Usually asymptomatic, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal to many hosts, including people. Elucidating the contribution of genetic variation among parasites to patterns of disease transmission and manifestations has been the goal of many studies. Focusing on the geographic component of this variation, we show that most genotypes are locale-specific, but some are found across continents and are closely related to each other, indicating a recent radiation of a pandemic genotype. Furthermore, we show that the geographic structure of T. gondii is extraordinary in having one population that is found in all continents except South America, whereas other populations are generally confined to South America, and yet another population is found worldwide. Our evidence suggests that South American and Eurasian populations have evolved separately until recently, when ships populated by rats, mice, and cats provided T. gondii with unprecedented migration opportunities, probably during the transatlantic slave trade. Our results explain several enigmatic features of the population structure of T. gondii and demonstrate how pervasive, prompt, and elusive the impact of human globalization is on nature. C1 NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy,Room 2W13A, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM tlehmann@niaid.nih.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 32 TC 203 Z9 211 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 30 BP 11423 EP 11428 DI 10.1073/pnas.0601438103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 068DZ UT WOS:000239353900057 PM 16849431 ER PT J AU Kelso, GK Solomon, AM AF Kelso, Gerald K. Solomon, Allen M. TI Applying modem analogs to understand the pollen content of coprolites SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Faeces Facies CY SEP 11-13, 2002 CL Univ Coll, London, ENGLAND SP Amer Assoc Stratig Palynologists, Micropalaeontol Soc, N Amer Paleontol Soc, Robertson Res, Strata Data, Time Trax, Shell Oil, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Unocal, Statoil HO Univ Coll DE coprolites; palynology; gastrointestional; pollen analysis; archaeology AB Most scientists working with coprolites from archaeological contexts assume that human fecal specimens reflect the mixing of the pollen ingested during the period in which the contribution to the coprolite, 19 to 37.5 h, was ingested, that the amount of pollen in a fecal sample directly reflects the amount of pollen originally ingested during that interval, and that differences between the amounts of pollen in different fecal specimens reflect differences in the quantities of pollen ingested at different times. These assumptions were tested and found wanting in an experiment in which two persons sequentially ate separate quantities of 15 pollen types in meals over a four-day interval. The pollen was retrieved and analyzed from feces produced during those four days and five days of subsequent fecal production. Pollen ingested first appeared in relatively small amounts, usually the day after it was ingested. Its concentration per gram of sample then increased rapidly and remained high over a one to three day interval relative to the amounts in previous and subsequent fecal specimens deposited. When pollen concentrations declined some pollen was retained in the gastrointestinal system and much lower concentrations per gram of sample of each type continued to appear in fecal samples for several days. These relatively low pollen concentrations appeared in fecal samples approximately twice as often as did higher concentrations. Our results indicate that comparatively high pollen concentrations can be used to determine that a given pollen type was ingested, but comparisons between pollen concentrations of the same pollen type in different fecal specimens or between different pollen types in the same fecal specimen, cannot be used to determine whether different amounts of pollen were ingested, or what was the relative amount of each ingested. Because pollen concentrations per gram of sample varied widely with time since ingestion, percentages of given pollen types did not occur in predictable patterns and could actually increase as the concentration of the pollen type decreases. Hence, percentages should not be used in coprolite pollen analysis. The experimental results also suggest that variations in the pollen content of different portions of a coprolite are meaningful only in terms of the overall pattern of a sequential group of coprolites. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85003 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Kelso, GK (reprint author), USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85003 USA. EM gerald.kelso@az.usda.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUL 21 PY 2006 VL 237 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.06 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 068ED UT WOS:000239354300008 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Paramasivam, S Fares, A Obreza, TA Schumann, AW AF Alva, A. K. Paramasivam, S. Fares, A. Obreza, T. A. Schumann, A. W. TI Nitrogen best management practice for citrus trees II. Nitrogen fate, transport, and components of N budget SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE groundwater quality; nitrogen leaching; optimal irrigation; soil water balance; soil solution nitrogen; nitrogen budget ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; GROUNDWATER QUALITY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; LEACHING LOSSES; ORANGE TREES; SANDY SOILS; NITRATE; YIELD; IRRIGATION AB Soils in central Florida citrus production region are very sandy. hence are vulnerable to leaching of soluble nutrients and chemicals. The objective of this study was to develop nitrogen (N) and irrigation best management practices for citrus in sandy soils to maintain optimal crop yield and quality, and to minimize N leaching below the rootzone. A replicated plot experiment was conducted in a highly productive 20+ year-old 'Hamlin' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees on 'Cleopatra mandarin' [(Citrus reticulata Blanco)] rootstock grove located on a well drained Tavares fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) in Highland County. FL. Nitrogen rates (112-280 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) were applied as fertigation (FRT), water soluble granular (WSG). a combination of 50% FRT and 50% WSG, and controlled release fertilizer (CRF). Tensiometers were used to monitor the soil moisture content at various depths in the soil profile as basis to optimize irrigation scheduling. Fruit yield and quality and nutritional status of the trees were reported in a companion paper. Soil solution was sampled at 60, 120, and 240 cm depths under the tree canopy using suction lysimeters. Concentrations of NO3-N in the soil solution at 240 cm deep, which is an indicator of NO3-N leaching below the tree rootzone, generally remained below the maximum contaminant limit (MCL) for drinking water quality (10 mg L-1) in most samples across all N sources and rates, but for few exceptions. Total N in the fruit was strongly correlated with fruit load. thus. at a given N rate N removal by the fruit was lower during years of low fruit yield as compared to that during the years of high fruit yield. Furthermore. there was a strong linear relation between N and K in the fruit. This supports the need to maintain 1:1 ratio between the rates of N and K applications. In a high fruit production condition, the N in the fruit accounted for about 45% of the total N input on an annual basis. Fifteen percent of the total N input at 280 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) was not accounted for in the citrus N budget. which could be due to leaching loss. This estimate of potential leaching was very close to that predicted by LEACHM simulation model. The improved N and irrigation management practices developed in this study contributed to an improved N uptake efficiency and a reduction in N losses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Savannah State Univ, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, NREM, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM aalva@pars.ars.usda.gov; siva@savstate.edu; afares@hawaii.edu; taob@mail.ifas.ufl.edu; awschumann@crec.ifas.ufl.edu NR 45 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL 21 PY 2006 VL 109 IS 3 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.04.011 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 064HT UT WOS:000239080500005 ER PT J AU Tovar, A Ameho, CK Blumberg, JB Peterson, JW Smith, D Booth, SL AF Tovar, Alison Ameho, Clement K. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Peterson, James W. Smith, Donald Booth, Sarah L. TI Extrahepatic tissue concentrations of vitamin K are lower in rats fed a high vitamin E diet SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID BETA-CAROTENE; PHYLLOQUINONE; MENAQUINONE-4; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; TOXICITY; ACETATE; CHICKS; HEALTH; ADULTS AB Background: An adverse hematological interaction between vitamins E and K has been reported, primarily in patients on anticoagulants. However, little is known regarding circulating levels or tissue concentrations of vitamin K in response to vitamin E supplementation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different levels of dietary alpha-tocopherol on phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 concentrations, while maintaining a constant intake of phylloquinone, in rat tissues. Methods: Male 4-wk old Fischer 344 rats (n = 33) were fed one of 3 diets for 12 wk: control ( n = 13) with 30 mg all-rac-alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg diet; vitamin E-supplemented ( n = 10) with 100 mg all- rac-alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg diet; and vitamin E-restricted ( n = 10) with < 10 mg total tocopherols/kg diet. All 3 diets contained 470 +/- 80 mu g phylloquinone/kg diet. Results: Phylloquinone concentrations were lower ( P = 0.05) in the vitamin E-supplemented compared to the vitamin E-restricted group ( mean +/- SD spleen: 531 +/- 58 vs. 735 +/- 77; kidney: 20 +/- 17 vs. 94 +/- 31, brain: 53 +/- 19 vs. 136 +/- 97 pmol/g protein respectively); no statistically significant differences between groups were found in plasma, liver or testis. Similar results were noted with menaquinone-4 concentrations in response to vitamin E supplementation. Conclusion: There appears to be a tissue-specific interaction between vitamins E and K when vitamin E is supplemented in rat diets. Future research is required to elucidate the mechanism for this nutrient-nutrient interaction. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Agr, Ruminant Nutr Lab, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alison.tovar@tufts.edu; clement.ameho@uky.edu; jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu; james.peterson@tufts.edu; donald.smith@tufts.edu; sarah.booth@tufts.edu NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METABOLISM JI Nutr. Metab. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 3 AR 29 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-3-29 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 074JS UT WOS:000239809100001 PM 16857056 ER PT J AU Dorshorst, NC Collins, MT Lombard, JE AF Dorshorst, NC Collins, MT Lombard, JE TI Decision analysis model for paratuberculosis control in commercial dairy herds SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; paratuberculosis; decision analysis; economics; diagnosis; control; MAP ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PASTEURIZED COWS MILK; CROHNS-DISEASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; JOHNES-DISEASE; BOVINE-PARATUBERCULOSIS; ECONOMIC-LOSSES; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION AB A previous economic test-and-cull decision analysis model has been strengthened and updated with current epiderniologic information. Created using Excel((R)) and PrecisionTree (R) software, the model incorporates costs and benefits of herd management changes, diagnostic testing, and different management actions based on test results to control paratuberculosis in commercial dairy herds. This novel "JD-Tree" model includes a herd management decision node (four options), a test/no test decision node (two options), a diagnostic test choice decision node (five options), test result chance nodes (four levels of possible results), and test action decision nodes (three options; cull, manage, no action). The model culminates in a chance node for true infection status. Outcomes are measured as a net cost-benefit value to the producer. The model demonstrates that improving herd management practices to control infection spread (hygiene) is often more cost-effective than testing; not all herds should test as part of a paratuberculosis control program. For many herds, low-cost tests are more useful than more sensitive, higher cost tests. The model also indicates that test-positive cows in early stages of infection may be retained in the herd to generate farm income, provided they are managed properly to limit infection transmission. JD-Tree is a useful instructional tool, helping veterinarians understand the complex interactions affecting the economics of paratuberculosis control and to define the accuracy and cost specifications of better diagnostic tests. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, APHIS, CEAH, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Collins, MT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mcollin5@wisc.edu NR 49 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 17 PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 92 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.02.002 PG 31 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 058JT UT WOS:000238662000009 PM 16564101 ER PT J AU Andales, A Wang, JM Sammis, TW Mexal, JG Simmons, LJ Miller, DR Gutschick, VP AF Andales, Allan Wang, Junming Sammis, Ted W. Mexal, John G. Simmons, Luke J. Miller, David R. Gutschick, Vince P. TI A model of pecan tree growth for the management of pruning and irrigation SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE pecan; alternate bearing; biennial bearing; biomass allocation; carbohydrate reserves; evapotranspiration; growth; irregular bearing; irrigation; model; object-oriented; pruning ID WATER-USE; CARBOHYDRATE CONCENTRATION; FALL DEFOLIATION; BEARING; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DIFFERENTIATION; INTENSITY; QUALITY; STRESS; ORGANS AB Pecans [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] are an important cash crop in and southwestern USA. The pecan is an alternate bearing tree and its water use is greater than that of most row crops. Irrigation, pruning amount, and timing must be effectively managed to reduce alternate bearing for maximum profits. A simulation model of pecan growth and yield is a potential tool for managing irrigation and pruning amounts and timing. An object-based pecan growth model was developed and validated to simulate daily pecan tree dry matter production, biomass allocation to leaves, nuts, trunk, and branches, and alternate bearing according to inputs of weather data, soil condition, irrigation, and pruning operations. Daily dry matter production per unit of evapotranspiration (water use efficiency) was calculated as a function of average vapor pressure deficit. Biomass allocation functions were derived from tree growth measurements at an orchard near Las Cruces, NM. Alternate bearing was simulated as a function of the level of root starch reserves. it was theorized that the setting of pistillate flowers and subsequent nut yields are proportional to the level of root starch reserves in the preceding dormant phase (winter). Mathematical functions for the effects of irrigation and pruning on tree growth and yield were derived from the literature and available data. The model was calibrated using 2002, historical, and literature data and validated against 2003 and 2004 data obtained from a mature pecan (Western Schley cultivar) orchard near Las Cruces, NM. Overall accuracy was above 89% for simulated total dry matter production, nut yield, tree height, and diameter at breast height (DBH). This model was found to adequately simulate the effects of climate, irrigation, and pruning on pecan tree growth, nut yield, and alternate bearing. It can potentially be used to schedule and estimate the amount of irrigation and pruning to optimize pecan nut yield. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Wang, JM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, MSC3Q BOX30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jwang@weather.nmsu.edu RI Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.02.012 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 061VM UT WOS:000238901100007 ER PT J AU Beretta, G Aldini, G Facino, RM Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Yeum, KJ AF Beretta, Giangiacomo Aldini, Giancarlo Facino, Roberto Maffei Russell, Robert M. Krinsky, Norman I. Yeum, Kyung-Jin TI Total antioxidant performance: A validated fluorescence assay for the measurement of plasma oxidizability SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE total antioxidant performance; antioxidant capacity; human plasma; oxidative stress; MeO-AMVN; BODIPY ID URIC-ACID; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREE-RADICALS; COMPARTMENTS; SOLUBILITY; MECHANISMS; CAPACITY AB The antioxidant capacity of human plasma was determined by following the oxidation kinetics of the lipid-soluble fluorescent marker BODIPY using 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (MeO-AMVN) as the lipophilic radical initiator. The results are expressed as a total antioxidant performance (TAP) value based on the inhibition of BODIPY oxidation, as determined by the appearance of green fluorescence, with respect to a control sample (phosphatidylcholine with or without delipidized human serum). The suitability of the assay was evaluated on the basis of its precision, reproducibility, and specificity. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation both were less than 5%. The addition of a representative substrate of plasma peroxidation, phosphatidylcholine, up to 750 mu g/ml did not induce significant changes in the TAP value. Also, BODIPY photooxidation was not observed during the experimental time course (220 min). The TAP values of 6 plasma samples from healthy donors were measured and correlated with the main plasma water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants (uric acid and ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoids) and lipid profiles. Significant correlations were found between TAP and uric acid (R = 0.97, P < 0.05) and cholesterol-adjusted alpha-tocopherol (R = 0.93, P < 0.01). The results confirm that the TAP assay is suitable to measure the antioxidant activity of plasma antioxidants localized in both the lipophilic and hydrophilic compartments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Milan, Fac Pharm, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, I-20143 Milan, Italy. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Beretta, G (reprint author), Univ Milan, Fac Pharm, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, I-20143 Milan, Italy. EM giangiacomo.beretta@unimi.it RI Beretta, Giangiacomo/D-3861-2011; OI aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744; Beretta, Giangiacomo/0000-0003-0987-0857 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 2 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2006.04.001 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 061RQ UT WOS:000238890500016 PM 16729959 ER PT J AU Goebel, PC Pregitzer, KS Palik, BJ AF Goebel, P. Charles Pregitzer, Kurt S. Palik, Brian J. TI Landscape hierarchies influence riparian ground-flora communities in Wisconsin, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE riparian areas; valley floor landforms; floodplains; streamside forests; diversity; ordination; Lake States ID NORTHWESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN; SPECIES RICHNESS; FOREST; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; FLOODPLAIN; ZONES; HERBS AB We examined the distribution of ground-flora species (herbaceous and woody species < 1 m tall) across riparian areas of northeastern Wisconsin in an effort to understand how hierarchical landscape properties, such as the physiographic system (ground moraine and outwash plain), valley system (constrained and unconstrained), and valley floor landforms influence distribution patterns of ground-flora species and functional plant guilds across riparian areas of small streams and rivers in a glacial landscape. A total of 162 species were recorded on 417 (1 m(2)) plots stratified by four different valley types that reflect the dominant physiographic system and valley system (constrained ground moraine, constrained outwash plain, unconstrained ground moraine, unconstrained outwash plain) and transverse geomorphic structure (valley floor landforms including floodplains, terraces, slopes, and adjacent uplands). Although distribution patterns of individual ground-flora species are highly variable among the four valley types, canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) of individual valley types indicate that ground-flora vegetation is related strongly to hierarchical landscape properties, including valley type and the transverse geomorphic structure of the stream valley. Vegetation ultimately reflects the influence of hydrogeomorphic processes that shape valley floor landforms. Constrained valley types tend to be characterized by diverse floodplain ground-flora communities dominated by graminoids and pteridophytes, while the terraces and slope plant communities are comprised of facultative upland and obligate upland perennial forb and woody species whose distribution appears to be a function of topographic features, such as aspect. However, ground-flora communities of unconstrained valley types appear to be responding not only to changes associated with the transverse geomorphic structure of the riparian ecotone, but also to more localized changes in environmental conditions associated with flooding and hydrologic regime. As a result, floodplain, terrace, and slope ground-flora communities tend to be diverse, dominated by a mixture of obligate wetland, facultative wetland, and facultative species. Thus, variation in riparian plant community characteristics can be explained using a nested, hierarchical landscape framework to organize and group different riparian settings based on the underlying geomorphic processes shaping stream valleys. Based on these results, we suggest that riparian management zones (RMZs) designed to maintain riparian function should be variable in width rather than fixed, encompassing variation in valley floor landforms and valley walls, regardless of the physiographic system. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Goebel, PC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM goebel.ll@osu.edu RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.035 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061HX UT WOS:000238863300004 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McMillin, JD Anhold, JA Hamud, SM Borys, RR Dabney, CP Seybold, SJ AF Fettig, Christopher J. McMillin, Joel D. Anhold, John A. Hamud, Shakeeb M. Borys, Robert R. Dabney, Christopher P. Seybold, Steven J. TI The effects of mechanical fuel reduction treatments on the activity of bark beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) infesting ponderosa pine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chipping; lop-and-scattering; slash management; monoterpenes; Pinus ponderosa; scolytidae; Dendroctonus valens; Dendroctonus brevicomis ID DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; RED TURPENTINE BEETLE; TRANS-VERBENOL; LODGEPOLE PINE; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; HOST KAIROMONES; FIELD RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; TREE VIGOR; FOREST AB Selective logging, fire suppression, forest succession and climatic changes have resulted in high fire hazards over large areas of the western USA. Federal and state hazardous fuel reduction programs have increased accordingly to reduce the risk, extent and severity of these events, particularly in the wildland-urban interface. In this study, we examined the effects of mechanical fuel reduction treatments on the activity of bark beetles in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws., forests located in Arizona and California, USA. Treatments were applied in both late spring (April-May) and late summer (August-September) and included: (1) thinned biomass chipped and randomly dispersed within each 0.4 ha plot; (2) thinned biomass chipped, randomly dispersed within each plot and raked 2 m from the base of residual trees; (3) thinned biomass lopped-and-scattered (thinned trees cut into 1-2 m lengths) within each plot; (4) an untreated control. The mean percentage of residual trees attacked by bark beetles ranged from 2.0% (untreated control) to 30.2% (plots thinned in spring with all biomass chipped). A three-fold increase in the percentage of trees attacked by bark beetles was observed in chipped versus lopped-and-scattered plots. Bark beetle colonization of residual trees was higher during spring treatments, which corresponded with peak adult beetle flight periods as measured by funnel trap captures. Raking chips away from the base of residual trees did not significantly affect attack rates. Several bark beetle species were present including the round-headed pine beetle, Dendroctonus adjunctus Blandford (AZ), western pine beetle, D. brevicomis LeConte (AZ and CA), mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins (CA), red turpentine beetle, D. valens Leconte (AZ and CA), Arizona fivespined ips, Ips lecontei Swaine (AZ), California fivespined ips, I. paraconfusus Lanier (CA) and pine engraver, I. pini (Say) (AZ). Dendroctonus valens was the most common bark beetle infesting residual trees. A significant correlation was found between the number of trees chipped per plot and the percentage of residual trees with D. valens attacks. A significantly higher percentage of residual trees was attacked by D. brevicomis in plots that were chipped in spring compared to the untreated control. In lopped-and-scattered treatments, engraver beetles produced substantial broods in logging debris, but few attacks were observed on standing trees. At present, no significant difference in tree mortality exists among treatments. A few trees appeared to have died solely from D. valens attacks, as no other scolytids were observed in the upper bole. In a laboratory study conducted to provide an explanation for the bark beetle responses observed in this study, monoterpene elution rates from chip piles declined sharply over time, but were relatively constant in lopped-and-piled treatments. The quantities of beta-pinene, 3-carene, alpha-pinene and myrcene eluting from chips exceeded those from lopped-and-piled slash during each of 15 sample periods. These laboratory results may, in part, explain the bark beetle response observed in chipping treatments. The implications of these results to sustainable forest management are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1107 Kennedy Pl,Suite 8, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 78 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.018 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061HX UT WOS:000238863300005 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Fredriksen, G Jamison, AE Wemple, BC Bailey, SW Shanley, JB Lawrence, GB AF Ross, Donald S. Fredriksen, Guinevere Jamison, Austin E. Wemple, Beverley C. Bailey, Scott W. Shanley, James B. Lawrence, Gregory B. TI One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest soil; nitrification; N mineralization; ammonification; N transformation rate measurements ID MINERALIZATION AB Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2-8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA forest soil surface horizons, we found that laboratory nitrification rates measured over 1 day related well to those measured over 4 weeks. Soil samples of Oa or A horizons were mixed by hand and the initial extraction of subsamples, using 2 mol L-1 KCl, occurred in the field as soon as feasible after sampling. Soils were kept near field temperature and subsampled again the following day in the laboratory. Rates measured by this method were about three times higher than the 4-week rates. Variability in measured rates was similar over either incubation period. Because NO3- concentrations were usually quite low in the field, average rates from 10 research watersheds could be estimated with only a single, 1-day extraction. Methodological studies showed that the concentration of NH4+ increased slowly during contact time with the KCl extractant and, thus, this contact time should be kept similar during the procedure. This method allows a large number of samples to be rapidly assessed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Forest Serv, HBEF, Campton, NH 03223 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 9 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061HX UT WOS:000238863300008 ER PT J AU Heyerdahl, EK Miller, RF Parsons, RA AF Heyerdahl, Emily K. Miller, Richard F. Parsons, Russell A. TI History of fire and Douglas-fir establishment in a savanna and sagebrush-grassland mosaic, southwestern Montana, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mountain big sagebrush; Douglas-fir; Montana; encroachment; fire history; dendochronology ID OCCIDENTALIS WESTERN JUNIPER; PONDEROSA PINE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SIMULATION APPROACH; SPATIAL SIMULATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UNITED-STATES; FOREST AB Over the past century, trees have encroached into grass- and shrublands across western North America. These include Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) encroaching into mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) from stable islands of savanna in southwestern Montana. Our objectives were to quantify the relative area occupied by mountain big sagebrush and grasslands versus Douglas-fir savanna in the Fleecer Mountains of southwestern Montana today and in the past, and to identify the historical role of fire and other factors in maintaining this distribution. To do this, we reconstructed a multicentury history of tree establishment and surface fires from 1120 trees sampled on a grid of 50 plots covering 1030 ha of a modern mosaic of sagebrush-grasslands and Douglas-fir trees. We compared these histories to time series of climate and land use, and to spatial variation in topography and soil moisture availability. Beginning in the mid-1800s, Douglas-fir trees established in areas in which trees did not persist historically. In 1855, less than half the plots (42%) had trees whereas today, most plots do (94%). This encroachment was synchronous with the cessation of frequent surface fires, likely caused by the advent of domestic livestock grazing, and perhaps by the start of several decades of relatively dry summers. Douglas-fir savannas historically occurred on fire-safe sites more often than did sagebrush-grass. Our inference that frequent fire excluded Douglas-fir in the past was supported by the results of a simulation model of fire and associated vegetation dynamics. In the continued absence of fire, mountain big sagebrush and grasslands in southwestern Montana are likely to become more homogeneous as Douglas-fir trees continue to encroach. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Heyerdahl, EK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 W Highway 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM eheyerdahl@fs.fed.us; richard.miller@orst.edu NR 92 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.024 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061HX UT WOS:000238863300010 ER PT J AU Kern, CC Palik, BJ Strong, TF AF Kern, Christel C. Palik, Brian J. Strong, Terry F. TI Ground-layer plant community responses to even-age and uneven-age silvicultural treatments in Wisconsin northern hardwood forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE herbaceous plant diversity; richness; evenness; uneven-age management; even-age management; northern hardwoods; Winter logging ID WESTERN UPPER MICHIGAN; DOMINATED ECOSYSTEM; HERBACEOUS-LAYER; POWER ANALYSIS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; USA AB We evaluated ground-layer plant diversity and community composition in northern hardwood forests among uncut controls and stands managed with even-age or uneven-age silvicultural systems. Even-age treatments included diameter-limit cuttings (20-cm diameter at 30-cm stem height) in 1952 and shelterwood removals in 1964. Uneven-age treatments included three intensities of selection harvest (light, 20.6 m(2)/ha residual basal area after harvest; medium, 17.2 m(2)/ha residual basal area; and heavy, 13.8 m(2)/ha residual basal area) that were applied in 1952, 1962, 1972, and 1982. All treatments were winter logged over snow pack. In 1991, plant diversity and community composition were examined. Species richness for spring ephemerals ranged from 1 to 6 species/150-m(2), spring ephemeral diversity (Shannon's Index of Diversity) averaged 0.57 +/- 0.04 and evenness averaged 0.45 +/- 0.03. Summer flowering species richness ranged from 1 to 18 species/1-m(2), with an average diversity of 0.71 +/- 0.07 and evenness of 0.42 +/- 0.03. We found no significant differences among treatments for any of these variables, although power to detect a difference (at p = 0.05) was low in all cases (0.15-0.55) due to high variance and low replication. Community composition was not significantly different among the treatments, for either spring (p = 0.09) or summer (p = 0.79) flora. Few exotic species were found in any treatment. Lack of exotic invasions and minimal differences in plant diversity or composition among treatments may be due, in part, to the negligible amount of soil disturbance that resulted from winter logging. While other (unmeasured) ecosystem components may differ among these silvicultural treatments, our results suggest that ground-layer plant communities in northern hardwood ecosystems are either resistant to change or have recovered within the 40 years since disturbance in the even-age treatments and within 10 years since disturbance in the uneven-age treatments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Kern, CC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM cckern@fs.fed.us RI Kern, Christel/B-4847-2012 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.034 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061HX UT WOS:000238863300014 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Thomas, RC Endale, DM Schroer, KL Samarkina, LP AF Washington, John W. Thomas, Robert C. Endale, Dinku M. Schroer, Katherine L. Samarkina, Lidia P. TI Groundwater N speciation and redox control of organic N mineralization by O-2 reduction to H2O2 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; DENITRIFICATION; OXIDATION; AQUIFER; NITRATE; WATERS; RATES; SOIL; DEGRADATION AB Excess N from agriculture induces eutrophication in major river systems and hypoxia in coastal waters throughout the world. Much of this N is from headwaters far up the watersheds. In turn, much of the N in these headwaters is from ground-water discharge. Consequently. the concentrations and forms of N in groundwater are important factors affecting major aquatic ecosystems; despite this, few data exist for several species of N in groundwater and controls on speciation are ill-defined. Herein, we report N speciation for a spring and well that were selected to reflect agricultural impacts, and a spring and well that show little to no agricultural-N impact. Samples were characterized for NO3-, NO2-, N2O, NH4+, urea, particulate organic N(N%rg), and dissolved organic N(N-org(d)). These analytes were monitored in the agricultural spring for up to two years along with other analytes that we reported upon previously. For all samples, when oxidized N was present, the dominant species was NO3- (88-98% of total fixed N pool) followed by N-org(d) (< 4-12%) and only trace fractions of the other N analytes. In the non-agriculturally impacted well sample, which had no quantifiable NO3 or dissolved O-2, N-org(d) comprised the dominant fraction (68%) followed by NH4+ (32%), with only a trace balance comprised of other N analytes. Water drawn from the well, spring and a wetland situated in the agricultural watershed also were analyzed for dissolved N, and found to have a fugacity in excess of that of the atmosphere. H2O2 was analyzed in the agricultural spring to evaluate the O-2/H2O2 redox potential and compare it to other calculated potentials. The potential of the O-2/H2O2 couple was close in value to the NO3-/NO2- couple suggesting the important role of H2O2 as an O-2-reduction intermediate product and that O-2 and NO3- are reduced concomitantly. The O-2/H2O2 and NO3-/NO2- couples also were close in value to a cluster of other inorganic N and Fe couples indicating near partial equilibrium among these species. Urea mineralization to NO2- was found to approach equilibrium with the reduction of O-2 to H2O2. By modeling N d as amide functional groups, as justified by recent analytical work, similar thermodynamic calculations support that N-org(d) mineralization to NO2- proceeds nearly to equilibrium with the reduction of O-2 to H2O2 as well. This near equilibration of redox couples for urea- and N-org(d)-oxidation with O-2-reduction places these two couples within the oxidized redox cluster that is shared among several other couples we cave reported previously. In the monitored agricultural spring, [NO3-] was lower in the summer than at other times, whereas [N2O] was higher in the summer than at other times, perhaps reflecting a seasonal variation in the degree of denitrification reaction progress. No other N analytes were observed to vary seasonally in our study. In the well having no agricultural-N impct, C-org/N-org close to the typical value for natural aqueous systems of about 6.6. In the agricultural watershed C-org/N-org varied widely from similar to 1.2 to greater than or similar to 9. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM washington.john@epa.gov NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 14 BP 3533 EP 3548 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.006 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 066TE UT WOS:000239252200003 ER PT J AU Gobron, N Pinty, B Aussedat, O Chen, JM Cohen, WB Fensholt, R Gond, V Huemmrich, KF Lavergne, T Melin, F Privette, JL Sandholt, I Taberner, M Turner, DP Verstraete, MM Widlowski, JL AF Gobron, Nadine Pinty, Bernard Aussedat, Ophelie Chen, Jing M. Cohen, Warren B. Fensholt, Rasmus Gond, Valery Huemmrich, Karl Fred Lavergne, Thomas Melin, Frederic Privette, Jeffrey L. Sandholt, Inge Taberner, Malcolm Turner, David P. Verstraete, Michel M. Widlowski, Jean-Luc TI Evaluation of fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation products for different canopy radiation transfer regimes: Methodology and results using Joint Research Center products derived from SeaWiFS against ground-based estimations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; OPTIMAL SPECTRAL INDEXES; MODIS LAI; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS; FOREST SITE; MISR DATA; VEGETATION; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM AB [ 1] This paper discusses the quality and the accuracy of the Joint Research Center (JRC) fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) products generated from an analysis of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data. The FAPAR value acts as an indicator of the presence and state of the vegetation and it can be estimated from remote sensing measurements using a physically based approach. The quality of the SeaWiFS FAPAR products assessed in this paper capitalizes on the availability of a 6-year FAPAR time series over the full globe. This evaluation exercise is performed in two phases involving, first, an analysis of the verisimilitude of the FAPAR products under documented environmental conditions and, second, a direct comparison of the FAPAR values with ground-based estimations where and when the latter are available. This second phase is conducted following a careful analysis of problems arising for performing such a comparison. This results in the grouping of available field information into broad categories representing different radiative transfer regimes. This strategy greatly helps the interpretation of the results since it recognizes the various levels of difficulty and sources of uncertainty associated with the radiative sampling of different types of vegetation canopies. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IES, Global Environm Monitoring Unit, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geog, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, Forest Dept, Cayenne 97323, French Guiana. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gobron, N (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IES, Global Environm Monitoring Unit, TP 440,Via E Fermi, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM nadine.gobron@jrc.it RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Fensholt, Rasmus/L-7951-2014; OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Fensholt, Rasmus/0000-0003-3067-4527; Verstraete, Michel/0000-0003-0968-8721 NR 50 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D13 AR D13110 DI 10.1029/2005JD006511 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 066GI UT WOS:000239217300005 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Shogren, RL Willett, JL Swift, G AF Doll, Kenneth M. Shogren, Randal L. Willett, J. L. Swift, Graham TI Solvent-free polymerization of citric acid and D-sorbitol SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE citrate; hydrogels; polyelectrolytes; polyesters; water-soluble polymers ID ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; STARCH; CITRATES; COPOLYESTERS; POLYESTERS; PRODUCTS; GLYCEROL; TRIOL AB Copolymers of citric acid and D-sorbitol were synthesized with a solvent-free vacuum-oven synthesis with molar ratios of citric acid to D-sorbitol ranging from 1/1 to 6/1. The extent of the reaction was followed by the monitoring of the residual acid content of the system. As expected, the reaction occurred much more rapidly at 150 than at 110 degrees C. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the products showed the expected FTIR bands at approximately 1735 and 1188 cm(-1), which were indicative of ester formation. Gel permeation chromatography showed a major product with a molecular weight of approximately 3500 Da. An insoluble material with a water-absorption index of up to 17 was also synthesized and could lead to possible applications as absorbers, thickeners, and biobased seed coatings. Additionally, the mono- and disodium salts of citric acid were also polymerized with D-sorbitol in a manner similar to that of the citric acid system. Soluble polymers were synthesized with a residual acid content of 5 mequiv/g of polymer. These materials showed Ca+2- sequestering ability (up to 0.56 mmol of Ca+2/g of the product). (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Folia Inc, Birmingham, AL 35211 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shogrerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 14 BP 4259 EP 4267 DI 10.1002/pola.201535 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 061UW UT WOS:000238899300002 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Norred, WP Meredith, FI Riley, RT Saunders, DS AF Voss, KA Norred, WP Meredith, FI Riley, RT Saunders, DS TI Fumonisin concentration and ceramide synthase inhibitory activity of corn, masa, and tortilla chips SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; IN-VIVO; B-1; TOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; MYCOTOXINS; PRODUCTS; LIVER AB Nixtamalization removes fumonisins from corn and reduces their amounts in masa and tortilla products. Fumonisin concentrations and potential toxicity could be underestimated, however, if unknown but biologically active fumonisins are present. Therefore, the relative amounts of fumonisins in extracts of fumonisin-contaminated corn and its masa and tortilla chip nixtamalization products were determined with an in vitro ceramide synthase inhibition bioassay using increased sphinganine (Sa) and sphinganine to sphingosine ratio (Sa/So) as endpoints. African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells ATCC CCL-81) were grown in 1-ml wells and exposed to 4 mu l of the concentrated extracts for 48 h. The corn extract inhibited ceramide synthase as Sa (mean = 132 pmol/well) and Sa/So (mean = 2.24) were high compared to vehicle controls (Sa = 9 pmol/well; Sa/So = 0.10). Inhibitory activity (mean Sa = 14-24 pmol/well; mean Sa/So = 0.17-0.28) of the masa and tortilla chip extracts were reduced >= 80% compared to the corn extract. Results were corroborated in a second experiment in which Sa and Sa/So of the wells treated with masa or tortilla chip extracts were reduced >= 89% compared to those treated with the corn extract. Masa and tortilla chip FB1 concentrations (4-7 ppm) were reduced about 80-90% compared to the corn (30 ppm) when the materials were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, nixtamalization reduced both the measured amount of FB1 and the ceramide synthase inhibitory activity of masa and tortilla chips extracts. The results further suggest that the masa and tortilla chip extracts did not contain significant amounts of unknown fumonisins having ceramide synthase inhibitory activity. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Frito Lay Inc, Dept Food Safety, Plano, TX USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kvoss@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 14 BP 1387 EP 1397 DI 10.1080/15287390500471260 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 051XB UT WOS:000238193900006 PM 16760143 ER PT J AU Schroeder, TA Cohen, WB Song, CH Canty, MJ Yang, ZQ AF Schroeder, Todd A. Cohen, Warren B. Song, Conghe Canty, Morton J. Yang, Zhiqiang TI Radiometric correction of multi-temporal Landsat data for characterization of early successional forest patterns in western Oregon SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric correction; relative normalization; multivariate alteration detection (MAD); landsat time-series; forest succession ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; TM DATA; REFLECTANCE; IMAGERY; NORMALIZATION; CALIBRATION; ETM+; CLASSIFICATION; REGRESSION; LANDSCAPE AB Detecting and characterizing continuous changes in early forest succession using multi-temporal satellite imagery requires atmospheric correction procedures that are both operationally reliable, and that result in comparable units (e.g., surface reflectance). This paper presents a comparison of five atmospheric correction methods (2 relative, 3 absolute) used to correct a nearly continuous 20-year Landsat TM/ETM+ image data set (19-images) covering western Oregon (path/row 46/29). In theory, full absolute correction of individual images in a time-series should effectively minimize atmospheric effects resulting in a series of images that appears more similar in spectral response than the same set of uncorrected images. Contradicting this theory, evidence is presented that demonstrates how absolute correction methods such as Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6 s), Modified Dense Dark Vegetation (MDDV), and Dark Object Subtraction (DOS) actually make images in a time-series somewhat less spectrally similar to one another. Since the development of meaningful spectral reflectance trajectories is more dependant on consistent measurement of surface reflectance rather than on accurate estimation of true surface reflectance, correction using image pairs is also tested. The relative methods tested are variants of an approach referred to as "absolute-normalization", which matches images in a time-series to an atmospherically corrected reference image using pseudo-invariant features and reduced major axis (RMA) regression. An advantage of "absolute-normalization" is that all images in the time-series are converted to units of surface reflectance while simultaneously being corrected for atmospheric effects. Of the two relative correction methods used for "absolute-normalization", the first employed an automated ordination algorithm called multivariate alteration detection (MAD) to statistically locate pseudo-invariant pixels between each subject and reference image, while the second used analyst selected pseudo-invariant features (PIF) common to the entire image set. Overall, relative correction employed in the "absolute-normalization" context produced the most consistent temporal reflectance response, with the automated MAD algorithm performing equally as well as the handpicked PIFs. Although both relative methods performed nearly equally in terms of observed errors, several reasons emerged for preferring the MAD algorithm. The paper concludes by demonstrating how "absolute-normalization" improves (i.e., reduces scatter in) spectral reflectance trajectory models used for characterizing patterns of early forest succession. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Julich Res Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Schroeder, TA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM todd.schroeder@oregonstate.edu RI Song, Conghe/E-3087-2016 OI Song, Conghe/0000-0002-4099-4906 NR 43 TC 174 Z9 191 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 1 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.03.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 061VL UT WOS:000238901000002 ER PT J AU Hu, KQ Liu, C Ernst, H Krinsky, NI Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Hu, Kang-Quan Liu, Chun Ernst, Hansgeorg Krinsky, Norman I. Russell, Robert M. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9 ', 10 '-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOIC ACID; OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE; EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE; VITAMIN-A; EXPRESSION; LYCOPENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CLONING; SMOKE AB Previous studies have shown that beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase catalyzes the cleavage of beta-carotene at the central carbon 15,15'-double bond but cleaves lycopene with much lower activity. However, expressing the mouse carotene 9', 10'-monooxygenase (CMO2) in beta-carotene/lycopene-synthesizing and -accumulating Escherichia coli strains leads to both a color shift and formation of apo-10'-carotenoids, suggesting the oxidative cleavage of both carotenoids at their 9', 10'-double bond. Here we provide information on the biochemical characterization of CMO2 of the ferret, a model for human carotenoid metabolism, in terms of the kinetic analysis of beta-carotene/lycopene cleavage into beta-apo-10'-carotenal/apo-10'-lycopenal in vitro and the formation of apo-10'-lycopenoids in ferrets in vivo. We demonstrate that the recombinant ferret CMO2 catalyzes the excentric cleavage of both all-trans-beta-carotene and the 5-cis- and 13-cis-isomers of lycopene at the 9', 10'-double bond but not all-trans-lycopene. The cleavage activity of ferret CMO2 was higher toward lycopene cis-isomers as compared with beta-carotene as substrate. Iron was an essential co-factor for the reaction. Furthermore, all-trans-lycopene supplementation in ferrets resulted in significant accumulation of cis-isomers of lycopene and the formation of apo-10'-lycopenol, as well as upregulation of the CMO2 expression in lung tissues. In addition, in vitro incubation of apo-10'-lycopenal with the post-nuclear fraction of hepatic homogenates of ferrets resulted in the production of both apo-10'-lycopenoic acid and apo-10'-lycopenol, respectively, depending upon the presence of NAD(+) or NADH as cofactors. Our finding of bioconversion of cis-isomers of lycopene into apo-10'-lycopenoids by CMO2 is significant because cis-isomers of lycopene are a predominant form of lycopene in mammalian tissues and apo-lycopenoids may have specific biological activities related to human health. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. BASF Inc, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA104932, R01 CA104932] NR 34 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 14 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 28 BP 19327 EP 19338 DI 10.1074/jbc.M512095200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 061BU UT WOS:000238847000048 PM 16672231 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA AF DiCarlo, David A. TI Quantitative network model predictions of saturation behind infiltration fronts and comparison with experiments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-DRIVEN FINGERS; POROUS-MEDIA; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; MULTIPHASE FLOW; UNSATURATED MATERIALS; WETTING FRONTS; SOILS; STABILITY; EQUATION; INSTABILITY AB Infiltrations with certain boundary and initial conditions show an anomalous behavior where the water saturation and pressure profile are inverted in the vertical direction. This occurs when the water at the infiltration front oversaturates the porous medium, causing drainage behind the front, and is most likely due to the front being sharp at the pore scale. Here we attempt to quantitatively model water flow at infiltration fronts by using a physically based network model that includes viscous effects. The network model includes pore and throat elements of different shapes and sizes, and a connection topology based on geologic media. Viscous effects are added quasi-statically through calculating the water pressure in each element for a particular applied flux. For media with a small initial saturation, the infiltration flux range for which saturation overshoot occurs is predicted by the network model. For initially dry media, the model predictions scale correctly with media size but require an independent parameter to predict the absolute transition flux. The predicted magnitude of the overshoot does not match particularly well with the measured magnitude for coarse media, although this may be the result of certain simplified assumptions in the model. The results suggest that pore-scale modeling can make certain quantitative predictions of saturation overshoot. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 14 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 7 AR W07408 DI 10.1029/2005WR004750 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 066IB UT WOS:000239221800002 ER PT J AU Perez-Gelabert, DE Thompson, FC AF Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. Thompson, F. Christian TI A new genus and species of Richardiidae (Diptera) from Hispaniola SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; Richardiidae; Neotropical Region AB A new genus and species of richardiid flies are described from the Neotropical biotic region (Johnrichardia Perez-Gelabert & Thompson, type species, vockerothi Perez-Gelabert & Thompson ( Dominican Republic)). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Perez-Gelabert, DE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM perezd@si.edu; cthompso@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 14 PY 2006 IS 1259 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 066XU UT WOS:000239264700002 ER PT J AU Krajewski, WF Anderson, MC Eichinger, WE Entekhabi, D Hornbuckle, BK Houser, PR Katul, GG Kustas, WP Norman, JM Peters-Lidard, C Wood, EF AF Krajewski, Witold F. Anderson, Martha C. Eichinger, William E. Entekhabi, Dara Hornbuckle, Brian K. Houser, Paul R. Katul, Gabriel G. Kustas, William P. Norman, John M. Peters-Lidard, Christa Wood, Eric F. TI A remote sensing observatory for hydrologic sciences: A genesis for scaling to continental hydrology SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; ENERGY FLUXES AB [ 1] Uncertainties in assessing the effects of global-scale perturbations on the climate system arise primarily from an inadequate understanding of the hydrological cycle: on land, in oceans, and in the atmosphere and biosphere. Because of this uncertainty, almost all science-based initiatives have expressed the need for continued advances in global observations and modeling of the Earth system. It is in this spirit that we advocate establishing a hydrologic remote sensing observatory (RSO) to advance sensing technologies and their use in scientific inquiry into hydrologic processes. There are two fundamental reasons why establishing such a RSO is timely. The first is operational: Developing assimilation techniques to estimate unobserved fluxes and uncertainties in hydrologic forecasts has sufficiently matured to take advantage of computing facilities and detailed hydrologic observations shaped by the RSO. The second is scientific: This RSO will permit us to refine knowledge from physical and hydrologic models that can then be converted to local and global strategies for water resources management and ecosystem health evaluation. The authors outline the conceptual design, scope, and functionality of a RSO and present four examples to illustrate how the hydrologic community can take advantage of such facility. C1 Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Res Environm & Water, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 21042 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Krajewski, WF (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM witold-krajewski@uiowa.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 102 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 13 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 7 AR W07301 DI 10.1029/2005WR004435 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 066HZ UT WOS:000239221600001 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, MB TI Development of a fluorescent latex microparticle immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE staphylococcal enterotoxins; fluorescent; immunoassay; SEB; drinking water; milk; latex particle ID AUREUS; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSENSOR; FOODS; MILK AB Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) is a highly heat resistant enteric toxin with a potential as a biothreat agent. A sensitive method for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins is needed for food safety and food defense monitoring. The objectives of this research were to develop a competitive fluorescent immunoassay with detection of SEB below toxic levels of 1 ng/mL and to minimize sample preparation. Anti-SEB was immobilized onto carboxylated polystyrene microparticles, and SEB was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The concentrations of these reagents were optimized for the detection of SEB below 1 part per billion (1 ng/mL), and other assay conditions (sample volumes and incubation periods) were optimized. Drinking water and milk samples were spiked with 0.125-10 ng/mL SEB and were equilibrated overnight prior to analysis. The water and milk samples were directly analyzed, but heating the milk samples for 10 min at 90 C improved the assay performance. SEB in samples bound with the anti-SEB linked to the latex followed by the competitive binding of SEB-FITC tracer. The excess, unbound tracer was separated by centrifugation, and the fluorescence density of the supernatant was measured. SEB was detected at levels as low as 0.125 ng/mL in drinking water and 0.5 ng/mL in whole milk. This fluorescent latex particle immunoassay will be utilized for the detection of SEB in various foods matrices. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mmedina@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 14 BP 4937 EP 4942 DI 10.1021/jf053253q PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 059IW UT WOS:000238727500004 PM 16819899 ER PT J AU Milbury, PE Chen, CY Dolnikowski, GG Blumberg, JB AF Milbury, PE Chen, CY Dolnikowski, GG Blumberg, JB TI Determination of flavonoids and phenolics and their distribution in almonds SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE almonds; flavonoids; phenols; HPLC; electrochemical array detection; LC/MS/MS ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; PRUNUS-AMYGDALUS BATSCH; ANTIOXIDANT; POLYPHENOLS; NUTS; FOODS; RISK; TOCOPHEROL; OXIDATION AB Limited information is available concerning the qualitative and quantitative composition of polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, in almonds. We determined total phenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in California almond (Prunus dulcis) skins and kernels among the principal almond varieties (Butte, Carmel, Fritz, Mission, Monterey, Nonpareil, Padre, and Price) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/electrochemical detection and UV detection. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry under identical HPLC conditions was utilized to verify identities of the predominant flavonoids and phenolic acids. Total phenols ranged from 127 (Fritz) to 241 (Padre) mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g of fresh weight. The analyses were compiled to produce a data set of 18 flavonoids and three phenolic acids. The predominant flavonoids were isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (in combination), catechin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, epicatechin, quercetin-3- O-galactoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside at 16.81, 1.93, 1.17, 0.85, 0.83, and 0.50 mg/100 g of fresh weight almonds, respectively. Using the existing approach of calculating only the aglycone form of flavonoids for use in the U. S. Department of Agriculture nutrient database, whole almonds would provide the most prevalent aglycones of isorhamnetin at 11.70 (3.32), kaempferol at 0.60 (0.17), catechin at 1.93 (0.55), quercetin at 0.72 (0.20), and epicatechin at 0.85 (0.24) mg/100 g of fresh weight (mg/oz serving), respectively. These data can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying the relationship between almond consumption and health-related outcomes and provide values for whole and blanched almonds suitable for inclusion in nutrient databases. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Milbury, PE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.milbury@tufts.edu NR 50 TC 107 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 14 BP 5027 EP 5033 DI 10.1021/jf0603937 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 059IW UT WOS:000238727500017 PM 16819912 ER PT J AU Li, CS Farahbakhshazad, N Jaynes, DB Dinnes, DL Salas, W McLaughlin, D AF Li, CS Farahbakhshazad, N Jaynes, DB Dinnes, DL Salas, W McLaughlin, D TI Modeling nitrate leaching with a biogeochemical model modified based on observations in a row-crop field in Iowa SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE agro-ecosystem modeling; drainage flow; nitrate leaching; DNDC model ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; GAS EMISSIONS; NO3-N LOSSES; NITRIC-OXIDE; DNDC MODEL; ROOT-ZONE; SOIL AB Prediction of nitrate leaching from cropland is crucial for preventing surface or ground water degradation. Accurate modeling of nitrate leaching requires simulations of both soil hydrological and biogeochemical processes. This paper reports an attempt to improve an existing biogeochemical model, Denitrification-Decomposition or DNDC, for estimation of nitrate leaching from crop fields with tile drainage system. DNDC was equipped with detailed biogeochemical processes of nitrogen turnover but a simple module for one-dimensional movement of soil water. Observations from nine drainage tiles with three different fertilizer treatments in 4 years (1996-1999) at an experimental field in Iowa were used for model modifications. Preliminary comparisons with observed tile discharge flow indicated that the original DNDC lacked the water leaching recession character. To correct this deviation, new water retention features were added to DNDC by: (1) adopting a recession curve to regulate the gravity drainage flow in the explicitly simulated soil profile (0-50 cm) and (2) introducing a virtual water pool for the space between the bottom of the modeled soil profile (50 cm) and the tile lines depth of placement (145 cm) to control the tile discharge flow. With these modifications, model prediction of water leaching fluxes from the tile drainage lines was improved. An adsorbed N pool was created in DNDC to simulate the buffering effect of soil on the amount of nitrate available for leaching. The Langmuir equation was adopted to simulate adsorption and desorption of ammonium ions on the soil absorbents. This modification enhanced the model capacity for simulating free ammonium dynamics, nitrification, and nitrate leaching. Sensitivity tests of the modified DNDC showed that the modeled impact of differences of precipitation, soil texture, soil organic carbon content, and fertilizer application rates on nitrate leaching rates were consistent with observations reported by other researchers. This study indicated that a biogeochemical model with limited modifications in hydrology could serve nitrate leaching prediction and be useful for sustainable agricultural management. C1 MIT, Ralph Parsons Lab Water Resources, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Appl Geosolut LLC, Durham, NH USA. RP Farahbakhshazad, N (reprint author), MIT, Ralph Parsons Lab Water Resources, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bldg 48-108, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM nedaf@alum.mit.edu RI Dinnes, Dana/A-7793-2009 NR 62 TC 80 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 196 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.007 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058BK UT WOS:000238638900008 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Marin, H Zimmerman, JK Rehner, SA Wcislo, WT AF Fernandez-Marin, H Zimmerman, JK Rehner, SA Wcislo, WT TI Active use of the metapleural glands by ants in controlling fungal infection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE metapleural gland; pathogens; antibiotics; hygiene; social evolution; ants ID LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; GROWING ANTS; HYMENOPTERA INSECTA; FORMICIDAE; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; SECRETION; ATTINI; PHYLOGENY; BEHAVIORS AB Insect societies face constant challenges from disease agents. Ants deploy diverse antimicrobial compounds against pathogens and the key sources are metapleural glands (MGs). Are MG products passively secreted and used indiscriminately or are they selectively used when ants are challenged by pathogens? In 26 species from five subfamilies, ants use foreleg movements to precisely groom the MG opening. In the absence of experimental infection, MG grooming rates are low and workers groom themselves after contacting the MGs. The derived leaf-cutter ants (Atta and Acromyrmex) also groom their fungal gardens, substrata (leaves), queens and nest-mates after MG grooming. Atta respond to a challenge by fungal conidia by increasing the rate of MG grooming, but do not do so when an inert powder is applied. This increase occurs in the first hour after a potential infection, after which it returns to baseline levels. Ants with open MGs produce more infrabuccal. pellets (IP) than ants with sealed MGs and conidia within pellets from the former are less likely to germinate. Thus, ants selectively groom their MGs when disease agents are present, suggesting that they also selectively use their MG secretions, which has important implications for understanding the evolution of hygienic behaviour in social groups. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. RP Wcislo, WT (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM wcislow@si.edu NR 47 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1594 BP 1689 EP 1695 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3492 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 056OZ UT WOS:000238536300016 PM 16769642 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Hein, GL French, R AF Stenger, DC Hein, GL French, R TI Nested deletion analysis of Wheat streak inosaic virus HC-Pro: Mapping of domains affecting polyprotein processing and eriophyid mite transmission SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tritimovirus; potyviridae; vector transmission; proteinase; deletion mutants ID POTYVIRUS HELPER COMPONENT; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; TOBACCO ETCH POTYVIRUS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; VIRAL SUPPRESSOR; GENOME AMPLIFICATION; ESSENTIAL RESIDUES; PLANT-VIRUSES AB A series of in-frame and nested deletion mutations which progressively removed 5 '-proximal sequences of the Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) HC-Pro coding region (1152 nucleotides) was constructed and evaluated for pathogenicity to wheat. WSMV HC-Pro mutants with 5 '-proximal deletions of 12 to 720 nucleotides systemically infected wheat. Boundary sequences flanking the deletions were stable and unaltered by passage through plants for all deletion mutants except HCD12 (lacking HC-Pro codons 3-6) that exhibited strong bias for G to A substitution at nucleotide 1190 in HC-Pro codon 2 (aspartic acid to asparagine). HC-Pro mutants with 5 '-proximal deletions Of LIP to 720 nucleotides retained autoproteolytic activity in vitro. In contrast, 5 '-proximal deletion of 852 nucleotides of the HC-Pro coding region (HCD852) abolished both infectivity and in vitro proteolytic activity, confirming that the proteolytic domain of WSMV HC-Pro resides within the carboxy-terminal third of the protein and includes the cysteine proteinase motif (GYCY) conserved among four genera of the family Potyviridae. Inoculation of wheat with HC-Pro deletion mutants also bearing the GUS reporter gene revealed that HCD852 was unable to establish primary infection foci in inoculated leaves, indicating that processing of the P3 amino-terminus was essential. Deletion of as few as 24 nucleotides of HC-Pro (codons 3-10) eliminated transmission by the eriophyid mite vector Aceria tosichella Keifer. Collectively. these results demonstrated similar organization of proteinase and vector transmission functional domains among divergent HC-Pro homologues encoded by potyviruses and tritimoviruses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Panhandle Res Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dstenger@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 2 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.015 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 060ET UT WOS:000238785900021 PM 16540139 ER PT J AU Takiya, DM Cavichioli, RR Mckamey, SH AF Takiya, Daniela M. Cavichioli, Rodney R. Mckamey, Stuart H. TI Brazilian sharpshooters of the genus Homalodisca Stal, 1869 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae): notes, new records, key to species, first description of the male of H-ignota Melichar, 1924, and a new Northeastern species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Auchenorrhyncha; Cicadellinae; Proconiini; new species; taxonomy; Citrus variegated chlorosis; vectors AB Four species of the sharpshooter genus Homalodisca Stal are known to occur in Brazil: H. ignota Melichar; H. ignorata Melichar; H. lucernaria (Linnaeus), a senior synonym of the type-species Cicada triangularis Fabricius; and the new species H. spottii sp. nov. described from Bahia and Sergipe states. H. spottii sp. nov. is probably involved in the transmission of Citrus variegated chlorosis in Northeastern Brazil and is easily distinguished from other Homalodisca species by the ( 1) dark dorsum mottled with yellow; ( 2) contrasting yellow mesoscutellum; ( 3) broadly concave female sternite VII; and ( 4) aedeagal atrium not expanded dorsally and with 2 pairs of straight spiniform processes. Males and the female genitalia of H. ignota are described and illustrated for the first time ( including an undistorted view of the female sternite VII). A sclerotized female internal sternite VIII in H. ignota and H. spottii sp. nov. is newly recorded for this genus. Homalodisca species are newly recorded for following Brazilian states: H. ignota from Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo; H. ignorata from Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina; and H. lucernaria from Para and Roraima. A taxonomic key and notes on Brazilian species are also given. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Takiya, DM (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM takiya@acd.ufrj.br; cavich@ufpr.br; smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov RI Takiya, Daniela/E-4062-2012; Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro /B-1565-2013 OI Takiya, Daniela/0000-0002-6233-3615; NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 3 PY 2006 IS 1249 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 066XD UT WOS:000239263000002 ER PT J AU Pullaro, TC Marino, PC Jackson, DM Harrison, HF Keinath, AP AF Pullaro, TC Marino, PC Jackson, DM Harrison, HF Keinath, AP TI Effects of killed cover crop mulch on weeds, weed seeds, and herbivores SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; Capsicum annuum; killed cover crop mulch; no-tillage; Solenopsis invicta; Vicia sativa; weed control ID BLACK POLYETHYLENE MULCH; GROUND COVER; PREDATION; SUPPRESSION; RESIDUES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; INVERTEBRATES; POPULATION; ARTHROPODS AB The feasibility of killed cover crop mulches as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation was investigated in spring bell pepper and fall collard production by examining post-dispersal predation on weed seed, predation on beet armyworm larvae and pupae, percent weed cover, invertebrate activity, activity of red imported fire ant, and crop yield. In three experiments, 5047 weed seeds were removed from cover crop mulch plots compared to 1860 seeds from standard production plots, and within treatments, predation increased significantly with decreasing seed size. Predation of beet armyworm pupae was 33% greater in cover crop mulch compared to conventional production plots. Fire ants were the main predator of weed seed and pest insects. In the two bell pepper experiments, weed cover per square meter was 31.8% less in standard production than in cover crop mulch plots. The mean number of invertebrates (other than fire ants) captured in pitfall traps was 5.8 +/- 0.1 plot(-1) versus 3.8 +/- 0.8 plot(-1) for cover crop and conventional treatments, respectively. There were 5734 fire ants captured in mulched cover crop plots compared to 1278 in conventional production plots. There was no significant difference in crop yield among treatments. The results suggest fire ants were more abundant where there was mulched cover and were important predators of weed seed and pest insects in killed cover crop plots and that cover crop mulches in summer pepper and fall collard production are potentially viable alternatives to black plastic mulch and soil fumigation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Marino, PC (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. EM pmarino@mun.ca NR 39 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 9 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 115 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.021 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040KU UT WOS:000237378200012 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Gross, J Kronberg, SL Hanson, JD Frank, AB Phillips, RL AF Liebig, MA Gross, J Kronberg, SL Hanson, JD Frank, AB Phillips, RL TI Soil response to long-term grazing in the northern Great Plains of North America SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE soil properties; soil organic carbon; acidification; nitrous oxide emission; Northern Great Plains ID NITROGEN; PASTURE; CARBON; FERTILIZATION; PARTICULATE; MATTER AB Grazing management affects ecosystem function through impacts on soil condition. We investigated the effects of long-term (over 70 years) grazing on soil properties and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission within a moderately grazed native vegetation pasture (MGP), heavily grazed native vegetation pasture (HGP), and a fertilized crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorinn (Fisch. ex. Link) Schult.) pasture (FCWP) near Mandan, ND, USA. Grazing-induced changes in species composition and N fertilizer application contributed to differences in soil properties and N2O emission between pastures. Soil organic C (SOC) was 5.7 Mg ha(-1) greater in FCWP and HGP than MGP at 0-5 cm, whereas HGP had 2.4 Mg ha(-1) more SOC than FCWP and MGP at 5-10 cm. At 30-60 cm, SOC in FCWP was 4.0 and 7.5 Mg ha(-1) greater than in HGP and MGP, respectively. Particulate organic matter (POM) C and N in the surface 5 cm of FCWP were three- and five-fold greater, respectively, than in HGP and MGP. Acidification from N fertilization in FCWP decreased soil pH and cation exchange capacity compared to HGP and MGP in the surface 5 cm. Annual N2O emission was over three-fold greater in FCWP compared to HGP and MGP, and was positively associated with POM-C across all pastures (P <= 0.0001; r(2) = 0.85). Results from this study suggest fertilized crested wheatgrass enhances deep storage of SOC, but contributes to surface acidification and greater N2O emission relative to native non-fertilized pastures in the northern Great Plains. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM liebigm@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009; Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 NR 33 TC 47 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 115 IS 1-4 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.015 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040KU UT WOS:000237378200028 ER PT J AU McAndrews, GM Liebman, M Cambardella, CA Richard, TL AF McAndrews, Gina M. Liebman, Matt Cambardella, Cynthia A. Richard, Tom L. TI Residual effects of composted and fresh solid swine (Sus scrofa L.) manure on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-BASED MANURE; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CORN PRODUCTION; MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENT; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZER; SYSTEMS; CARBON; IOWA AB Applying livestock manure to soil can enhance soil fertility and crop growth; however, little information is available on the residual effects of manure on crop growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the residual effect of fresh or composted hoop house swine manure on the growth and yield of soybean [Glvcine max (L.) Merr.]. During 2000 and 2001 near Boone, IA, research plots received applications of composted or fresh solid swine manure from hoop structures or one of four levels of area (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha(-1)) before planting maize (Zea mays L.). During the growing season following maize harvest, we evaluated the responses of soybean to the eight treatments applied the previous year. During both years, soybean plants from manure-amended plots were significantly taller and had a thicker stem diameter than plants from the other plots. The manure-treated plots produced 39% greater soybean leaf area than the control in 2001 and 11% greater leaf area than the urea-amended plots in 2002. There was a 21 to 34% greater K concentration in soybean plants grown in the manure-amended sites than in the other plots. Soybean grain yield was 0.2 to 0.5 Mg ha(-1) greater in the manure-treated plots than the control or urea-fertilized plots. Responses to manure were unaffected by the time of application (fall or spring) or the form of manure (composted or fresh). We have shown that fresh and composted swine manure application before growing maize resulted in detectable, positive residual effects on soybean growth and yield. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab 310, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McAndrews, GM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, 1126 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gina@iastate.edu RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 873 EP 882 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0078 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100001 ER PT J AU Rowe, DE Fairbrother, TE Sistani, KA AF Rowe, Dennis E. Fairbrother, Timothy E. Sistani, Karamat A. TI Winter cover crop and management effects on summer and annual nutrient yields SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS; EFFLUENT; GRASSES; FORAGES; SEASON AB Effluent from a swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) lagoon is often applied repeatedly to nearby fields because of logistical constraints and costs of transportation. To minimize accumulation of soil nutrients and sustain use of spray field, best management practices must maximize the rates of removal of manure nutrients. Research determined summer hay and nutrient yields of bermudagrass [Qynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] following winter cover crops 'Kenland' red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), 'Bigbee' berseem clover (T alexandrinum L.), or 'Marshall' annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) subjected to five harvesting systems. Also, summer and winter forage yields were combined and analyzed to find best annual performance. Nutrient yields of bermudagrass were statistically affected by winter cover crop species and harvest date. Summer production was maximized following berseem clover harvested on a two-harvest-day system of 15 May and 1 June. Harvesting the winter cover crop in addition to the bermudagrass increased extraction of N (82%), P (76%), K (90%), Mg (95%), Mn (67%), Ca (158%), Fe (80%), Zn (83%), and Cu (97%). For environmentally sensitive nutrients N, P, Cu, and Zn, annual yields were maximized with a two-harvest-day system of 15 April and I June of a cover crop, which was not the best harvest system for either the winter or the summer trials in isolation. Tests on summer performance and winter performance in isolation were informative and did indicate the best winter cover crop species, berseem clover, but did not indicate the best management system for annual production. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Rowe, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM drowe@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 946 EP 950 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0178 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100010 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Vigil, MF Benjamin, JG AF Nielsen, David C. Vigil, Merle F. Benjamin, Joseph G. TI Forage yield response to water use for dryland corn, millet, and triticale in the central Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; ANNUAL LEGUMES; PLANTING DATE; GRAIN-YIELD; AVAILABILITY; MIXTURES; QUALITY; IRRIGATION; CROPS AB Forages, with greater water use efficiency (WUE) than grain and seed crops, could be used to diversify reduced and no-till dryland cropping systems from the traditional wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)fallow system in the semiarid central Great Plains. However, farmers need a simple tool to evaluate forage productivity under widely varying precipitation conditions. The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify the relationship between crop water use and dry matter (DM) yield for corn (Zea mays L.), foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.), and winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack); and (ii) determine the range and distribution of expected DM yields for these three crops in the central Great Plains based on historical precipitation records. The three crops were grown in a dryland no-till corn-millet-triticale sequence from 1998 through 2004 at Akron, CO. Dry matter production was linearly correlated with water use for all three crops, with regression slopes ranging from 24.2 (corn) to 33.0 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) (millet). Water use efficiency varied widely from year to year (0-32.2 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)) for the three crops, as influenced by growing season precipitation and time of year in which the crops were grown. Millet and triticale produced similar amounts of DM for a given water use, while corn produced less. Precipitation use efficiency for the millet-triticale-corn forage system was 8.7 kg ha(-1) mm(-1), suggesting this as an efficient forage system for the region. C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 992 EP 998 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0356 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100016 ER PT J AU Franzen, DW Nanna, T Norvell, WA AF Franzen, D. W. Nanna, T. Norvell, W. A. TI A survey of soil attributes in North Dakota by landscape position SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CADMIUM; ZINC; GEOSTATISTICS; CHLORIDE; SELENIUM; COPPER; PLANTS; FIELD; GRAIN AB Land surveys of soil attributes can provide valuable information on the geographic distribution of important soil attributes and summarize the levels found. Landscape position can have a major influence on soil attributes. Consideration of field landscape variables in selecting sampling locations and interpreting results, even in large-scale surveys, should help to reduce unexplained variability in many soil attributes. We report the results of a survey of selected soil attributes in agricultural fields across North Dakota at sites selected within each field by landscape position. Our objective was to determine if this sampling design might contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of soil attributes. Soils from two or three fields within each of the 53 counties of North Dakota were sampled in 1996. Within each field, three samples of surface soil (0-15 cm) were obtained. One sample was collected from an upland position, one from a slope, and one from a depression. Each field was georeferenced using a differentially corrected GPS receiver. The samples were analyzed for DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-extractable Cu, Zn, and Cd; water soluble B and Se; and soil pH. Mapping and analysis showed distinct regional patterns of all soil factors. Some soil attributes, including pH and extractable Zn, Cu, and Cd, exhibited a strong relationship to field landscape position, while soluble B and Se were less related. The results suggest that separating field sampling locations into upland, sloping, and depressional areas will reduce the confounding effects of field landscape position on larger-scale spatial trends in soil attributes. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Franzen, DW (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM david.franzen@ndsu.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1022 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0283 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100019 ER PT J AU Blaser, BC Gibson, LR Singer, JW Jannink, JL AF Blaser, Brock C. Gibson, Lance R. Singer, Jeremy W. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Optimizing seeding rates for winter cereal grains and frost-seeded red clover intercrops SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD COMPONENTS; PLANTING DATE; COVER CROPS; DRY-MATTER; WHEAT; ALFALFA; ESTABLISHMENT; QUALITY AB Growing winter cereal grain/forage legume intercrops can provide multiple benefits to cropping systems in the North Central USA. Intercropping red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with winter cereal grains can provide forage and a green manure crop. Seeding rate recommendations for sole crops may not optimize intercrop system productivity if interactions exist. This study was conducted during the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 growing seasons to determine optimum cereal grain and red clover forage seeding rates for maximum returns using partial budget analyses. In March, red clover was frost-seeded at 0, 300, 600,900, 1200, and 1500 seeds m(-2) into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) seeded at 100, 200, 300, and 400 seeds m(-2) the previous October. Triticale and wheat maximized returns at seeding rates of 300 and 400 seeds m(-2). No cereal grain by red clover seeding rate interactions were detected for red clover dry matter production (DM). Red clover plant densities after cereal grain harvest were 10 to 22% of the original seeding rates. Red clover DM production and return was maximized at 3.49 Mg ha(-1) with 900 seeds m(-2) in 2003 and 6.67 Mg ha(-1) with 1200 seeds m(-2) in 2004. Winter cereal/red clover intercrops in the North Central USA can maximize return using a cereal grain seeding rate between 300 and 400 seeds m(-2) and red clover seeding rates between 900 and 1200 seeds m(-2). C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Blaser, BC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM blaserb@iastate.edu RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1049 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0340 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100022 ER PT J AU Read, JJ Brink, GE Oldham, JL Kingery, WL Sistani, KR AF Read, J. J. Brink, G. E. Oldham, J. L. Kingery, W. L. Sistani, K. R. TI Effects of broiler litter and nitrogen fertilization on uptake of major nutrients by coastal bermudagrass SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT; MANURE; FORAGE; RATES AB Land application of poultry litter provides essential nutrients for hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] production, but ammonia (NH3) volatilization and N mineralization influence the amount of litter N available for plant uptake. Our objective was to determine the combination of broiler litter and fertilizer N, which maximizes the yields of forage and N, P, and K by 'Coastal' bermudagrass. Studies were conducted for 3 yr (1999-2001) in pastures at Newton and Mize, MS that differed widely in soil test P (STP) due to history of litter application (0 vs. 30+ yr, respectively.). Litter rates of 0, 4.5, 8.9, 13.4, and 17.9 Mg ha(-1) were obtained by up to four monthly (April-July) applications of 4.5 Mg ha(-1) and were supplemented with ammonium nitrate (NH4-NO3) to provide the same total N in each treatment. At Newton, combining litter with fertilizer N increased forage yield by 10% in 1999, 25% in 2000, and 34% in 2001, as compared to fertilizer N. At Mize, K uptake increased as litter rate increased in 2001 only. These responses to litter were related to increased soil P and K at Newton, and increased soil N, P, and Ca at Mize. Averaged across years, maximum P uptake of about 40 kg ha(-1) was obtained by applying 8.9 Mg litter + 134 kg N ha(-1) at Newton and 4.5 Mg litter + 202 kg N ha(-1) at Mize. Safe and effective management of major plant nutrients in broiler litter may require the use of commercial N fertilizer. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Read, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jjread@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1072 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0221 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100025 ER PT J AU Busby, RR Gebhart, DL Torbert, HA AF Busby, Ryan R. Gebhart, Dick L. Torbert, H. Allen TI Effects of an uncomposted municipal waste processing by-product on prairie grass establishment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAPA VAR PERVIDIS; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; COMPOST MATURITY; NEUBAUER POT; PHYTOTOXICITY; SWITCHGRASS; SUCCESSION; GROWTH AB A garbage processing technology has been developed that sterilizes and separates inorganic and organic components of municipal solid waste. A study was initiated to evaluate the uncomposted organic by-product of this process as a soil amendment for establishing native prairie grasses on disturbed Army training lands. The waste was incorporated into sandy soils at Fort Benning Military Reservation on two sites: a moderately degraded and a highly degraded soil. The waste material was applied at rates of 0, 17.9, 35.8, 71.6, and 143 Mg ha(-1) land seeded with native prairie grasses to assess its effects on vegetation for two growing seasons, with an additional unseeded control treatment for comparison to natural recovery. The addition of uncomposted waste increased percent composition and basal cover of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) at both sites and percent composition of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) at one site. Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] was negatively affected by the addition of the waste material at both sites. Biomass in the 143 Mg ha(-1) treatment increased 4180% compared to the seeded control at the highly degraded site. Plant uptake of P and Na increased at both sites and an apparent Fe toxicity problem was alleviated at the highly disturbed site with increasing application rates. Because perennial grass establishment improved so dramatically with increasing application rates, land application of this uncomposted waste material could be considered a viable and beneficial alternative to current waste management practices for degraded Army lands. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Busby, RR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EM ryan.r.busby@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1073 EP 1080 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0003 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100026 ER PT J AU Bandaru, V Stewart, BA Baumhardt, RL Ambati, S Robinson, CA Schlegel, A AF Bandaru, Varaprasad Stewart, B. A. Baumhardt, R. L. Ambati, Satish Robinson, C. A. Schlegel, Alan TI Growing dryland grain sorghum in clumps to reduce vegetative growth and increase yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DENSITIES; LEAF TEMPERATURE; LIGHT QUALITY; WIDE-RANGE; STRESS; LOLIUM; PLANTS; FERTILITY; DYNAMICS AB Stored soil water and growing season precipitation generally support early season growth of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in dryland areas but are insufficient to prevent water stress during critical latter growth stages. The objective of this study was to determine if growing plants in clumps affected early season growth and subsequent grain yield compared to uniformly spaced plants. We hypothesized that growing grain sorghum plants in clumps would result in fewer tillers and less vegetative growth so that more soil water would be available during the grain-filling period. Results from 3 yr at Bushland, TX, and I yr at Tribune, KS, showed that planting grain sorghum in clumps of three to six plants reduced tiller formation to about one per plant compared to about three for uniformly spaced plants. Grain yields were increased by clump planting by as much as 100% when yields were in the 1000 kg ha(-1) range and 25 to 50% in the 2000 to 3000 kg ha(-1) range, but there was no increase or even a small decrease at yields above 5000 kg ha(-1). Our results suggest that planting grain sorghum in clumps rather than spaced uniformly conserves soil water use until later in the season and may enhance grain yield in semiarid dryland environments. C1 W Texas State Univ, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Kansas State Univ, SW Res Extens Ctr, Tribune, KS 67679 USA. RP Stewart, BA (reprint author), W Texas State Univ, POB 60278, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. EM bstewart@mail.wtamu.edu NR 38 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1109 EP 1120 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0166 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100030 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Post, WM Owens, LB AF Blanco-Canqui, Humberto Lal, R. Post, W. M. Owens, L. B. TI Changes in long-term no-till corn growth and yield under different rates of stover mulch SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP RESIDUES; GRAIN-YIELD; REMOVAL; EROSION; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCE; IMPACTS; BIOMASS; BELT AB Removal of corn (Zea mays L.) stover for biofuel production may affect crop yields by altering soil properties. A partial stover removal may be feasible, but information on appropriate rates of removal is unavailable. We assessed the short-term impacts of stover management on long-term no-till (NT) continuous corn grown on a Rayne silt loam (fine loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults) at Coshocton, Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) at Hoytville, and Celina silt loam (fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs) at South Charleston in Ohio, and predicted corn yield from soil properties using principal component analysis (PCA). The study was conducted in 2005 on the ongoing experiments started in May 2004 under 0 (TO), 25 (T25), 50 (T50), 75 (T75), 100 (T100), and 200 (T200)% of stover corresponding to 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 10.00 Mg ha(-1) of stover, respectively. Stover removal promoted early emergence and rapid seedling growth (P < 0.01). Early-emerging plants grew taller than late-emerging plants up to about 50 d, and then the heights reversed at Coshocton and were comparable at other two sites. Stover management affected corn yield only at the Coshocton site where average grain and stover yields in the T200, T100, T75, and T50 (10.8 and 10.3 Mg ha(-1)) were higher than those in the TO and T25 treatments (8.5 and 6.5 Mg ha(-1)) (P < 0.01), showing that stover removal at rates as low as 50% (2.5 Mg ha(-1)) decreased crop yields. Soil properties explained 71% of the variability in grain yield and 33% of the variability in stover yield for the Coshocton site. Seventeen months after the start of the experiment, effects of stover management on corn yield and soil properties were site-specific. C1 Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES, OARDC,Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES, OARDC,Sch Nat Resources, 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1136 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0005 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100032 ER PT J AU Kozak, JA Ma, LW Ahuja, LR Flerchinger, G Nielsen, DC AF Kozak, Joseph A. Ma, Liwang Ahuja, Lajpat R. Flerchinger, Gerald Nielsen, David C. TI Evaluating various water stress calculations in RZWQM and RZ-SHAW for corn and soybean production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CROPPING SYSTEM; QUALITY MODEL RZWQM; HYBRID MODEL; PLANT; MANAGEMENT; MAIZE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SIMULATION; COLORADO; NITROGEN AB Better understanding of water stress calculation is needed to improve crop production simulation. In this study, the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) and RZWQM-SHAW (Simultaneous Heat And Water) (RZ-SHAW) Hybrid Model were evaluated for simulating corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and water use under a range of water conditions in the Central Great Plains. In both models, a water stress index (WSI) was calculated as a nonlinear form of the ratio between actual transpiration (AT) and potential transpiration (PT) [WSI = (AT/PT)(alpha), 0 < alpha < 1]. Evapotranspiration (ET) was calculated using the Shuttleworth-Wallace approach on a daily basis (ETSW-DAY) in RZWQM and using either the Shuttleworth-Wallace approach on hourly basis (ETSW-HR) or the SHAW approach (ETSHAW) in RZ-SHAW. Results showed that RZWQM using ETSW-DAY provided similar simulation for both corn and soybean production as RZ-SHAW using the ETSW-HR option, given that the same plant parameters were used. However, RZ-SHAW with ETSHAW provided less accurate simulations for corn and soybean growth. This study demonstrated that, when RZ-SHAW is used for plant simulation, AT and PT should be calculated the same way as in RZWQM to preserve the plant parameters. Otherwise, recalibration of plant growth parameters is needed. This study also showed that the alpha value varied from crop to crop and among ET calculations. Based on the results, it is suggested to use alpha = 0.75 for corn and alpha = 0.5 for soybean in RZ-SHAW with the ETSW-HR option. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Ma, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1155 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0303 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100034 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, James H. TI The Logan beemail shelter: A practical, portable unit for managing cavity-nesting agricultural pollinators SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BEES AB An affordable, durable, portable nesting shelter will be useful to manage cavity-nesting bees for agricultural pollination. A design is described here that is assembled from commercially available components. It has been successfully used during field experiments with the alfalfa leaf-cutting bee and several species of Osmia bees. In a 4-year field study with commercial cane fruits pollinated by the bee Osmia aglaia, the shelters have proven to be quick to deploy, convenient to store, long-lasting, wind-resistant, and effective for excluding the frequent rains of northwest Oregon. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 146 IS 7 BP 611 EP 613 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 090SM UT WOS:000240971600021 ER PT J AU De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Frake, AM Tubbs, H Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D AF De Guzman, Lilia I. Rinderer, Thomas E. Frake, Amanda M. Tubbs, Hubert Elzen, Patti J. Westervelt, David TI Some observations on the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray in Russian honey bee colonies SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Russian honey bees; resistance; small hive beetle; colony survival ID MULTISTATE FIELD TRIALS; FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; APIS-MELLIFERA; VARROA DESTRUCTOR; ACARAPIS-WOODI; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR AB The response of Russian honey bees to adult small hive beetles (SHB) and their effect on colony survival were compared with Italian honey bees. In a study conducted near Titusville, FL using observation hives, both stocks removed significantly more dead beetles (Russian = 67%, Italian = 57%) than live beetles (Russian = 13%, Italian = 0). Russian honey bees also removed live beetles (4.01 +/- 1.96 min) as fast as the Italian bees removed dead beetles (4.30 +/- 1.11 min) suggesting heightened aggressiveness toward SHB adults by Russian bees. This behavior may have played an important role in the survival of field colonies monitored for five months near Lula, Mississippi. Results from this experiment showed that Italian bees were more susceptible to small hive beetle infestation, having significantly higher colony mortality (41%) observed in October (five months after colony establishment). Russian colonies suffered lower mortality (10%) during this time, which was similar to the colony loss recorded for Italian bees in June, one month after the colonies were made. It is possible that aggression to invading SHB; by Russian bees may have prevented oviposition of beetles in the colonies. Studies should be done to further assess beetle removal or aggression to beetles as a potential mechanism of resistance to SHB by this mite-resistant stock. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Tubbs Apiaries, Mize, MS 39116 USA. Florida State Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP De Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 146 IS 7 BP 618 EP 620 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 090SM UT WOS:000240971600023 ER PT J AU Wang, CC Harris, WS Chung, M Lichtenstein, AH Balk, EM Kupelnick, B Jordan, HS Lau, J AF Wang, Chenchen Harris, William S. Chung, Mei Lichtenstein, Alice H. Balk, Ethan M. Kupelnick, Bruce Jordan, Harmon S. Lau, Joseph TI n-3 fatty acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: a systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE n-3 Fatty acids; eicosapentaenoic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; fish oil; linolenic acid; cardiovascular disease; adverse events; systematic review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INDO-MEDITERRANEAN DIET; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ARTERY-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; DOUBLE-BLIND; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID INTAKE AB Studies on the relation between dietary n-3 fatty acids (FAs) and cardiovascular disease vary in quality, and the results are inconsistent. A systematic review of the literature on the effects of n-3 FAs (consumed as fish or fish oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid or as a-linolenic acid) on cardiovascular disease outcomes and adverse events was conducted. Studies from MEDLINE and other sources that were of >= 1 y in duration and that reported estimates of fish or n-3 FA intakes and cardiovascular disease outcomes were included. Secondary prevention was addressed in 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of fish-oil supplements or of diets high in n-3 FAs and in I prospective cohort study. Most trials reported that fish oil significantly reduced all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, cardiac and sudden death, or stroke. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease was reported in 1 RCT, in 25 prospective cohort studies, and in 7 case-control studies. No significant effect on overall deaths was reported in 3 RCTs that evaluated the effects of fish oil in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Most cohort studies reported that fish consumption was associated with lower rates of all-cause mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes. The effects on stroke were inconsistent. Evidence suggests that increased consumption of n-3 FAs from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not of a-linolenic acid, reduces the rates of all-cause mortality, cardiac and sudden death, and possibly stroke. The evidence for the benefits of fish oil is stronger in secondary-than in primary-prevention settings. Adverse effects appear to be minor. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. St Lukes Hosp, Mid Amer Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO 64111 USA. Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lau, J (reprint author), 750 Washington St,Box 63, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jlau1@tufts-nemc.org NR 91 TC 545 Z9 572 U1 5 U2 74 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900003 PM 16825676 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Giovannucci, E Willett, WC Dietrich, T Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. Giovannucci, Edward Willett, Walter C. Dietrich, Thomas Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D intake; bone density; lower-extremity strength; colorectal cancer ID VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PARATHYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; DIETARY CALCIUM INTAKE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; D ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; COLORECTAL-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; ELDERLY-WOMEN AB Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D intakes above current recommendations may be associated with better health outcomes. However, optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have not been defined. This review summarizes evidence from studies that evaluated thresholds for serum 25(OH)D concentrations in relation to bone mineral density (BMD), lower-extremity function, dental health, and risk of falls, fractures, and colorectal cancer. For all endpoints, the most advantageous serum concentrations of 25(OH)D begin at 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL), and the best are between 90 and 100 nmol/L (36-40 ng/mL). In most persons, these concentrations could not be reached with the currently recommended intakes of 200 and 600 IU vitamin D/d for younger and older adults, respectively. A comparison of vitamin D intakes with achieved serum concentrations of 25(OH)D for the purpose of estimating optimal intakes led us to suggest that, for bone health in younger adults and all studied outcomes in older adults, an increase in the currently recommended intake of vitamin D is warranted. An intake for all adults of >= 1000 IU (40 mu g) vitamin D (cholecalciferol)/d is needed to bring vitamin D concentrations in no less than 50% of the population up to 75 nmol/L. The implications of higher doses for the entire adult population should be addressed in future studies. C1 Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Dept Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, Dept Rheumatol, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM heike.bischoff@usz.ch OI Dietrich, Thomas/0000-0002-2557-7645 NR 153 TC 1202 Z9 1278 U1 6 U2 109 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900004 PM 16825677 ER PT J AU Vega-Lopez, S Ausman, LM Jalbert, SM Erkkila, AT Lichtenstein, AH AF Vega-Lopez, Sonia Ausman, Lynne M. Jalbert, Susan M. Erkkila, Arja T. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils adversely alter lipoprotein profiles compared with soybean and canola oils in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; trans fatty acids; lipoproteins; palm oil; partially hydrogenated soybean oil; LDL cholesterol; HDL cholesterol; insulin; glucose; cholesteryl ester transfer protein; phospholipid transfer protein ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; DIETARY-FAT; PLASMA-LIPIDS; HEALTHY-MEN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL AB Background: Partially hydrogenated fat has an unfavorable effect on cardiovascular disease risk. Palm oil is a potential substitute because of favorable physical characteristics. Objective: We assessed the effect of palm oil on lipoprotein profiles compared with the effects of both partially hydrogenated fat and oils high in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Design: Fifteen volunteers aged >= 50 y with LDL cholesterol >= 130 mg/dL were provided with food for each of 4 diets (35 d/phase) varying in type of fat (partially hydrogenated soybean, soybean, palm, or canola; two-thirds fat, 20% of energy). Plasma fatty acid profiles, lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein 13, lipoprotein(a), glucose, insulin, HDL subtractions, and indicators of lipoprotein metabolism (HDL-cholesterol fractional esterification rate, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, phospholipid transfer protein, and paraoxonase activities) were measured at the end of each phase. Results: Plasma fatty acid profiles reflected the main source of dietary fat. Partially hydrogenated soybean and palm oils resulted in higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations than did soybean (12% and 14%, respectively; P < 0.05) and canola (16% and 18%; P < 0.05) oils. Apolipoprotein B (P < 0.05) and A-I (P < 0.05) concentrations mirrored the pattern of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, respectively. No significant effect on the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio was observed for palm oil compared with the other dietary fats. HDL3 cholesterol was higher after palm oil than after partially hydrogenated and soybean oils (P < 0.05). Differences in measures of glucose and HDL intravascular processing attributable to dietary fat were small. Conclusion: Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils, compared with soybean and canola oils, adversely altered the lipoprotein profile in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects without significantly affecting HDL intravascular processing markers. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Clin Nutr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54727] NR 71 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900008 PM 16825681 ER PT J AU Hu, YQ Block, G Norkus, EP Morrow, JD Dietrich, M Hudes, M AF Hu, Youqing Block, Gladys Norkus, Edward P. Morrow, Jason D. Dietrich, Marion Hudes, Mark TI Relations of glycemic index and glycemic load with plasma oxidative stress markers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE glycemic index; glycemic load; oxidative stress; malondialdehyde; F-2-isoprostanes ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-C; BIOMARKER F-2-ISOPROSTANES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; WOMEN; DIET; QUESTIONNAIRE; ANTIOXIDANT; RECORDS AB Background: Recent data suggest that acute hyperglycemia may increase in vivo free radical production. This increased production has been implicated in many disease processes. Objective: The objective was to investigate whether a diet with a high glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) is associated with greater oxidative stress as measured by 2 lipid peroxidation markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and F-2-isoprostanes (IsoPs). Design: Plasma MDA and IsoP concentrations were measured in 292 healthy adults, and dietary GI and GL were assessed by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Cross-sectional associations between GI, GL, and the 2 markers were examined by using multiple regression techniques with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Results: Dietary GI was positively associated with both plasma MDA and IsoPs. The mean multivariate-adjusted MDA concentrations increased from 0.55 to 0.73 mu mol/L as GI increased from the lowest to the highest quartile (P for trend = 0.02); the corresponding lsoP concentrations increased from 0.034 to 0.040 ng/mL (P for trend = 0.03). GL was positively associated with both MDA and IsoPs, but the linear relation was significant only for MDA. In addition, a marginally significant interaction between overall GI and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) for plasma MDA was observed (P = 0.09). The positive association between overall GI and MDA was stronger in those with a BMI < 26.5 than for those with a BMI 26.5. Conclusions: Chronic consumption of high-GI foods may lead to chronically high oxidative stress. A low-GI diet, not a low-carbohydrate diet, appears to be beneficial in reducing oxidative stress. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxciol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Our Lady Mercy Med Ctr, Dept Med Res, Bronx, NY USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Nutr Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Block, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 426 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gblock@berkeley.edu RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA9561]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES01896] NR 41 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900010 PM 16825683 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Badaloo, A Reid, M Forrester, T AF Jahoor, Farook Badaloo, Asha Reid, Marvin Forrester, Terrence TI Glycine production in severe childhood undernutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE glycine kinetics; edematous severe childhood undernutrition; nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition ID URINARY-EXCRETION; CHILDREN; PROTEIN; MALNUTRITION; RECOVERY; KINETICS AB Background: Although nutritionally dispensable amino acids are not essential in the diet, from a biochemical standpoint, dispensable amino acids such as glycine are essential for life. This is especially true under unique circumstances, such as when the availability of labile nitro-en for dispensable amino acid synthesis is reduced, as in severe childhood undernutrition. Objective: We aimed to measure glycine production in children with edematous and nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition. Design: Glycine flux and splanchnic glycine extraction were measured in 2 groups of children with edematous (n = 8) and nonedematous (n = 9) severe childhood undernutrition when they were infected and malnourished (clinical phase 1), when they were still severely malnourished but no longer infected (clinical phase 2), and when they were recovered (clinical phase 3). Results: Total and endogenous glycine flux and splanchnic glycine uptake did not differ significantly between the edematous and nonedematous groups during any clinical phase. In both groups of subjects. none of the glycine kinetic parameters changed significantly from clinical phase I through phases 2 and 3. Compared with the value at clinical phase 3, plasma glycine concentrations were not significantly lower during clinical phase 1 or 2 in either group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that children with severe childhood undernutrition can increase their de novo glycine synthesis to compensate for the reduced contribution from chronic food deprivation. The maintenance of the plasma glycine concentration suggests that the rate of glycine production was sufficient to satisfy metabolic demands in these children when they were acutely undernourished and infected. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Res Inst Trop Med, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu OI Reid, Marvin/0000-0003-4005-9384 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [2R01 DK 056689] NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900015 PM 16825688 ER PT J AU Hadley, KB Johnson, LK Hunt, JR AF Hadley, Kevin B. Johnson, LuAnn K. Hunt, Janet R. TI Iron absorption by healthy women is not associated with either serum or urinary prohepcidin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron absorption; hepcidin; prohepcidin; iron status; serum ferritin; postmenopausal women ID HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; HEPCIDIN EXPRESSION; FERRITIN CONCENTRATION; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; CHRONIC DISEASE; BODY IRON; LIVER; ANEMIA; HFE AB Background: Although hepcidin is proposed as a regulator of iron absorption, this has not been assessed in humans. Objective: Our objective was to assess the relation between serum or urinary prohepcidin and iron absorption in healthy premenopausal women. Design: The subjects were 28 healthy women aged 22-51 y with normal hemoglobin concentrations (120-152 g/L). Absorption of 0.5 mg Fe with 0.2 mu Ci(59)Fe tracer, both as FeSO4, was measured by whole-body scintillation counting 13 d after oral administration. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected the day of and 16 wk after the absorption measurement. Serum and urinary prohepcidin concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using an antibody against amino acid residues 28 - 47 of the proregion. Results: Mean (+/- SD) iron absorption was 36 +/- 19% (range: 4-81%), and serum ferritin (geometric (x) over bar) was 27 mu g/L (range: 4-122 mu g/L), as commonly observed in healthy premenopausal women. Serum prohepcidin was 196 mu g/L (range: 99-376 mu g/L) and, in contrast with urinary prohepcidin, was relatively consistent for the women between 0 and 16 wk. Serum prohepcidin correlated directly with serum ferritin (R-2 = 0.28, P < 0.01) but was unrelated to Fe-59 absorption, in contrast to serum ferritin (R-2 = 0.33, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Serum prohepcidin concentrations were relatively stable within subjects and correlated with serum ferritin. However, unlike serum ferritin, neither serum nor urinary prohepcidin concentrations were related to iron absorption in healthy women. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 150 EP 155 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900016 PM 16825689 ER PT J AU Villalpando, S Gopal, J Balasubramanyam, A Bandi, VP Guntupalli, K Jahoor, F AF Villalpando, Salvador Gopal, Jayashree Balasubramanyam, Ashok Bandi, Venkata P. Guntupalli, Kalpalatha Jahoor, Farook TI In vivo arginine production and intravascular nitric oxide synthesis in hypotensive sepsis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hypotensive sepsis; arginine; nitric oxide; stable isotope; kinetics; renal function ID SEPTIC SHOCK; CRITICALLY-ILL; NITRATE BIOSYNTHESIS; SYNTHASE INHIBITORS; ORGAN FAILURE; AMINO-ACIDS; DIMETHYLARGININE; SUPPLEMENTATION; QUANTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY AB Background: Arginine is important in the response to infections and is a precursor for the synthesis of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Low plasma arginine is correlated with a worse prognosis in patients with sepsis, and increased NO has been implicated in the hypotension of sepsis. Data on in vivo arginine and NO kinetics are lacking in hypotensive septic adults. Objective: We aimed to measure in vivo arginine production and the intravascular NO synthesis rate in hypotensive septic patients. Design: Arginine flux and the fractional and absolute synthesis rates of plasma NO were measured in fasted healthy (n = 10) and hypotensive septic (it = 6) adults by using a 6-h constant infusion of [N-15(2)-guanidino]arginine. Urinary excretion of the NO metabolites nitrite and nitrate (NOx) and plasma concentrations of NOx, arginine. and creatinine were also measured. Results: All patients had hyperdynamic septic shock and impaired renal function. Compared with the control subjects, the patients had slower arginine flux (99 +/- 8 compared with 50 +/- 7 mu mol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.01), lower plasma arginine concentrations (75 8 compared with 40 +/- 11 mu mol/L; P < 0.01), higher plasma NOx concentrations (30 +/- 4 compared with 65 +/- 1.8 Amol/L), and a slower fractional synthesis rate of NOx. There was no significant difference in the absolute synthesis rate of NOx between groups. In patients with sepsis, the plasma NOx concentration correlated with the glomerular filtration rate and plasma creatinine but not with mean arterial pressure. Conclusions: Patients with septic shock have a shortage in the availability of arginine associated with a slower production. Impaired renal excretion of NOx is a contributor to the high plasma NOx in these patients. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Translat Metab Unit, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Med Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu OI Villalpando, Salvador/0000-0001-6429-3816 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00188] NR 35 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900023 PM 16825696 ER PT J AU D'Amico, S Shi, JJ Sekhar, RV Jahoor, F Ellis, KJ Rehman, K Willis, J Maldonado, M Balasubramanyam, A AF D'Amico, Susana Shi, Jianjian Sekhar, Rajagopal V. Jahoor, Farook Ellis, Kenneth J. Rehman, Khaleel Willis, James Maldonado, Mario Balasubramanyam, Ashok TI Physiologic growth hormone replacement improves fasting lipid kinetics in patients with HIV lipodystrophy syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dyslipidemia; insulin resistance; fat redistribution; adipocyte ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GH-DEFICIENT ADULTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INFECTED PATIENTS; FAT ACCUMULATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; CONTROLLED-TRIAL AB Background: HIV lipodystrophy syndrome (HLS) is characterized by accelerated lipolysis, inadequate fat oxidation, increased hepatic reesterification, and a high frequency of growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The effect of growth hormone (GH) replacement on these lipid kinetic abnormalities is unknown. Objective: We aimed to measure the effects of physiologic GH replacement on lipid kinetics in men with HLS and GHD. Design: Seven men with HLS and GHD were studied with the use of infusions of [C-13(1)]palmitate, [H-2(5)]glycerol, and [H-2(3)]leucine to quantify total and net lipolysis, palmitate and free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation, and VLDL apolipoprotein B-100 synthesis before and after 6 mo of GH replacement (maximum: 5 mu g . kg(-1) . d(-1)). Results: GH replacement decreased the rates of total lipolysis [FFA(total) rate of appearance (x +/- SE): from 4.80 +/- 1.24 to 3.32 +/- 0.76 mmol FFA . kg fat(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.051 and net lipolysis (FFA(net) rate of appearance: from 1.87 +/- 0.34 to 1.20 +/- 0.25 mmol FFA . kg fat(-1) h(-1); P < 0.05). Fat oxidation decreased (from 0.28 +/- 0.02 to 0.20 +/- 0.02 mmol FFA . kg lean body mass(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.002), as did the rate of appearance of FFAs available for intrahepatic reesterification (from 0.50 +/- 0.13 to 0.29 +/- 0.09 mmol FFA . kg fat(-1) - h(-1); P < 0.03). Fractional and absolute synthetic rates of VLDL apolipoprotein B-100 were unaltered. These kinetic changes were associated with a decrease in the waist-to-hip ratio but no significant change in fasting plasma lipid concentrations. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations increased after treatment (from 5.2 +/- 0.2 to 5.8 +/- 0.3 mmol/L; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Physiologic GH replacement has salutary effects on abnormal lipid kinetics in HLS. The effects are mediated by diminished lipolysis and hepatic reesterification rather than by increased fat oxidation. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Translat Metab Unit, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Endocrine Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Balasubramanyam, A (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Translat Metab Unit, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Room 700B,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ashokb@bcm.tmc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL73696]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59537] NR 49 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 204 EP 211 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900024 PM 16825697 ER PT J AU Mahabir, S Baer, DJ Giffen, C Clevidence, BA Campbell, WS Taylor, PR Hartman, TJ AF Mahabir, Somdat Baer, David J. Giffen, Carol Clevidence, Beverly A. Campbell, William S. Taylor, Philip R. Hartman, Terry J. TI Comparison of energy expenditure estimates from 4 physical activity questionnaires with doubly labeled water estimates in postmenopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE doubly labeled water; physical activity questionnaires; postmenopausal women ID CULTURAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION; ACTIVITY RECALL; CALORIMETRY; VALIDATION; EXERCISE; RISK AB Background: Physical activity energy expenditure (EE) is an important determinant of health, and epidemiologists have used various methods, such as physical activity and energy intake recalls and records, to estimate energy cost. However, most epidemiologic studies have not validated these methods against the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique for measuring EE. Objective: The aim was to compare EE estimated by 4 physical activity questionnaires with that obtained with the DLW technique in free-living postmenopausal women. Design: We measured EE in kcal/d using the DLW method, the Harvard Alumni questionnaire, the Five City Project questionnaire, the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study (CAPS) Four Week Activity Recall, and the CAPS Typical Week Activity Survey in 65 healthy postmenopausal women. Results: Compared with DLW, the Harvard Alumni questionnaire, the Five City Project questionnaire, and the CAPS Four Week Activity Recall overestimated (P < 0.05) daily EE by 62%, 16%, and 11%, respectively, whereas the CAPS Typical Week Activity Recall underestimated (P < 0.05) EE by 31%. Both the Harvard Alumni and Five City Project questionnaires overestimated EE in obese and overweight women. Conclusions: When using 3 of the 4 questionnaire methods, postmenopausal women overestimated EEs. Of all women, obese women overestimated daily EE the most. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIH, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Mahabir, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Unit 1340,CPB4-3247,1155 Pressler Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM smahabir@mdanderson.org RI Mahabir, Somdat/A-9788-2008 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 31 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 230 EP 236 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 064RD UT WOS:000239105900027 PM 16825700 ER PT J AU Loomis, J Ellingson, L Gonzalez-Caban, A Seidl, A AF Loomis, John Ellingson, Lindsey Gonzalez-Caban, Armando Seidl, Andy TI The role of ethnicity and language in contingent valuation analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED OWL; RESPONSES; BENEFITS; RACE AB In order to satisfy legal requirements, many federal agencies must assess the potential effects of their policies on the public. This is often done through surveys, but frequently those surveys are only administered in English. This paper tests whether there are differences in survey response rates, refusals to pay, and willingness to pay (WTP) across different ethnicities and language for forest fire reduction in the State of California. The ethnicities studied were Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic (half in Spanish, half in English). There was a statistical difference in survey response rates across all ethnicities, and no statistical difference among ethnicities for reasons of refusing to pay. The influence of ethnicity and language was tested using a logit model with ethnicity intercepts and bid slope interaction terms. The Hispanic-Spanish intercept shifter and the Hispanic-English dollar bid amount interaction terms were statistically significant and positive. There was a significant difference in the logit willingness to pay coefficients between Hispanics surveyed in Spanish with each of the other ethnicities. The annual willingness to pay of Hispanics taking the survey in Spanish was twice that of Caucasians, but no statistical difference in mean and median WTP between these two groups was found, due to large confidence intervals around each estimate. Nonetheless, the WTP of both Hispanics and Caucasians for the forest thinning program is substantial, and statistically different from zero, suggesting there may be broad support for this program in California. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside, CA USA. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jloomis@lamar.colostate.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9246 J9 AM J ECON SOCIOL JI Am. J. Econ. Sociol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 559 EP 586 DI 10.1111/j.1536-7150.2006.00477.x PG 28 WC Economics; Sociology SC Business & Economics; Sociology GA 077CB UT WOS:000240004200005 ER PT J AU Orellana, RA O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Suryawan, A Thivierge, MC Nguyen, HV Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA AF Orellana, RA O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Suryawan, A Thivierge, MC Nguyen, HV Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA TI Modulation of muscle protein synthesis by insulin is maintained during neonatal endotoxemia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE growth; amino acids; protein metabolism; insulin resistance; sepsis ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; 10-DAY-OLD RATS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS; ORGAN PROTEIN; PIGS; SEPSIS; METABOLISM AB Modulation of muscle protein synthesis by insulin is maintained during neonatal endotoxemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291: E159-E166, 2006. First published February 14, 2006; doi: 10.1152/ajpendo. 00595.2005.-Sepsis promotes insulin resistance and reduces protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of adults. The effect of sepsis on insulin-stimulated muscle protein synthesis has not been determined in neonates, a highly anabolic population that is uniquely sensitive to insulin. Overnight fasted neonatal pigs were infused for 8 h with endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 0 and 10 mu g(.)kg(-1 .) h(-1)]. Glucose and amino acids were maintained at fasting levels, insulin was clamped at either fasting or fed (2 or 10 mu U/ml) levels, and fractional protein synthesis rates were determined at the end of the infusion. LPS infusion induced a septic-like state, as indicated by a sustained elevation in body temperature, heart rate, and cortisol. At fasting insulin levels, LPS reduced fractional protein synthesis rates in gastrocnemius muscle (-26%) but had no effect on the masseter and heart. By contrast, LPS stimulated liver protein synthesis (+28%). Increasing insulin to fed levels accelerated protein synthesis rates in gastrocnemius (controls by +38%, LPS by +60%), masseter (controls by +50%, LPS by +43%), heart (controls by +34%, LPS by +40%), and diaphragm (controls by +54%, LPS by +29%), and the response to insulin was similar in LPS and controls. Insulin did not alter protein synthesis in liver, kidney, or jejunum in either group. These findings suggest that acute endotoxemia lowers basal fasting muscle protein synthesis in neonates but does not alter the response of protein synthesis to insulin. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Crit Care, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Our Ladys Hosp Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Univ Laval, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Suite 9064, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [K08-AR-51563-01A1, R01 AR046308, R01-AR-44474, R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32-HD-074451] NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 291 IS 1 BP E159 EP E166 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00595.2005 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 057FJ UT WOS:000238581400018 PM 16478773 ER PT J AU Reid, M Badaloo, A Forrester, T Jahoor, F AF Reid, M Badaloo, A Forrester, T Jahoor, F TI In vivo rates of erythrocyte glutathione synthesis in adults with sickle cell disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE cysteine; oxidative stress; antioxidant capacity ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; BETA-ACTIN; AMINO-ACID; CYSTEINE; CHILDREN; PLASMA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; MALNUTRITION; ANTIOXIDANTS AB Despite reports of lower GSH concentration in sickle cell disease (SCD), the in vivo kinetic mechanism(s) responsible for GSH deficiency is unknown. To determine whether suppressed synthesis was responsible for the lower erythrocyte GSH concentration, we used a primed intermittent infusion of [H-2(2)] glycine to measure erythrocyte GSH synthesis in vivo in 23 individuals with homozygous beta(s) SCD and 8 healthy controls. Erythrocyte cysteine concentration, the rate-limiting precursor for GSH synthesis, plasma markers of oxidant damage, and dietary intakes of energy and protein were also measured. Compared with values of controls, SCD subjects had significantly lower erythrocyte GSH (P < 0.04) and cysteine concentrations (P < 0.004) but significantly faster fractional rates of GSH synthesis (P < 0.02). The absolute rates of GSH synthesis in SCD subjects compared with control subjects was greater by similar to 57% (P = 0.062). However, the concentrations of markers of oxidative damage, plasma derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites, plasma nitrotyrosine, urinary isoprostane-to-creatinine ratio, and GSH-to-GSSG ratio, as well as dietary intakes of energy, protein, and GSH precursor amino acids, were not different between SCD subjects and controls. The findings of this study suggest that the lower erythrocyte GSH of SCD patients is not due to suppressed synthesis or impaired regeneration but rather to increased consumption. In addition, the lower erythrocyte cysteine concentration plus the faster rate of GSH synthesis strongly suggest that the endogenous cysteine supply is not sufficient to meet all anabolic demands; hence, cysteine may be a conditionally essential amino acid in individuals with SCD. C1 Univ W Indies, Res Inst Trop Med, Sickle Cell Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Univ W Indies, Res Inst Trop Med, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Reid, M (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Res Inst Trop Med, Sickle Cell Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM marvin.reid@uwimona.edu.jm FU PHS HHS [R03 TWO-5493] NR 48 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 291 IS 1 BP E73 EP E79 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00287.2005 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 057FJ UT WOS:000238581400008 PM 16434557 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA D-Seymour, M Brown, CR Alva, AK AF Boydston, R. A. D-Seymour, M. Brown, C. R. Alva, A. K. TI Freezing behavior of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers in soil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cold temperature; freezing point; freezing injury; groundkeepers; volunteer potato ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; ICE NUCLEATION; VOLUNTEER POTATOES; COLUMBIA BASIN; LEAFROLL VIRUS; WEED HOSTS; PLANTS; CULTIVATION; HERBICIDES; DISEASE AB Volunteer potatoes are a major weed problem in potato rotations in regions with mild winter soil temperatures. Freezing dynamics of potato tubers in air have been previously reported, but freezing dynamics of tubers in soil may differ due to ice nucleation sites and soil water associated with soil. Laboratory experiments conducted in hydrated and dry soil columns and field experiments were conducted to determine cold temperatures required to kill potato tubers in soil. Potato tubers in air-dried soil columns exposed to decreasing temperatures typically supercooled to -3 to -7 C before exhibiting a distinct exotherm, which stabilized at -1.4 to -1.5 C, representing the freezing point of tubers. Tubers that were supercooled and removed from the cold environment before experiencing this exotherm were able to sprout and had no visual symptoms of freezing injury, whereas tubers that experienced the exotherm were nonviable and unable to sprout. Tubers in soil columns hydrated to 7% SWC supercooled much less than tubers in dry soil and exhibited an exotherm that stabilized near -1.9 C. Tubers exposed to temperatures near the tuber-freezing point. (-1.4 to -1.9 C) for periods of 1 min to 24 h, but not undergoing an exotherm, exhibited varying degrees of injury, which increased with time of exposure. Tubers held at -1.0 C for 4 to 24 It were unharmed and able to sprout similar to controls. In field trials conducted from 1993 to 1099 in the Columbia Basin of Washington, tubers buried at shallow depths (5 cm) were much more likely to experience lethal cold temperatures than tubers buried deeper. In general, when minimum soil temperature at tuber depth reached -1.5 to -1.9 C or lower, some tuber mortality occurred and when soil temperature at tuber depth reached -2.8 C or lower, extensive tuber death occurred. Monitoring of winter soil temperatures by depth in potato-growing regions could be used to predict severity of volunteer potato for the subsequent growing season. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM boydston@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 9 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 305 EP 315 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 082ME UT WOS:000240390100003 ER PT J AU Thompson, AL Secor, GA Lorenzen, JH Farnsworth, BL Novy, RG Gudmestad, NC Holm, ET Preston, DA AF Thompson, A. L. Secor, G. A. Lorenzen, J. H. Farnsworth, B. L. Novy, R. G. Gudmestad, N. C. Holm, E. T. Preston, D. A. TI Dakota rose: A bright red tablestock potato cultivar that retains its skin color in storage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; cultivar; release; sensory evaluation ID VARIETY AB 'Dakota Rose' is a medium-maturing, white-fleshed, red-skinned cultivar that retains its bright red color in storage. Tubers have very smooth skin with an oblong shape. Yields are equivalent, or superior, to 'Red Norland', but lower than 'Red Pontiac', a late-maturing cultivar. Dakota Rose produces a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers and few oversized tubers. Sensory evaluation scores for baked, boiled, and microwaved potatoes are similar to Red Norland and Red Pontiac, standard red tablestock cultivars. The specific gravity averaged about 1.067 across irrigated and non-irrigated sites, a typical value for a red tablestock cultivar. Adequate skin set for handling has often been difficult to achieve; application of nitrogen early in the growing season, coupled with chemical vinekill 3 weeks prior to harvest aids in minimizing the problem. Dakota Rose was released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station on 17 November 2000. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, USDA ARS, Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, N Dakota State Univ Extens, E Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. RP Thompson, AL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM asunta.thompson@ndsu.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 317 EP 323 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 082ME UT WOS:000240390100004 ER PT J AU Valluru, R Christ, BJ Haynes, KG Vinyard, BT AF Valluru, Rarnailjulu Christ, Barbara J. Haynes, Kathleen G. Vinyard, Bryan T. TI Inheritance and stability of resistance to fusarium tuber rot in tetraploid potatoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broad-sense heritability; Fusarium sambuabaum; stability ID DRY ROT; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ROSEUM SAMBUCINUM; THIABENDAZOLE; HERITABILITY; CLONES AB Fusarium tuber rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most economically important diseases of stored potatoes. Dry rot is caused by several species of Fusaria, particularly Fusarium sambucinum in North America. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to Fusarium tuber rot. A highly resistant (B0172-22) and a highly susceptible (B0178-34) potato clone were crossed as female parents with two male parents. Tubers from varying numbers of progeny (28-37) from these four crosses were inoculated with Fusarium sambucinum in the laboratory. Three tubers from each progeny were inoculated at approximately monthly intervals six times in each of 2 years. The depth and diameter of the lesion were measured 40 days after inoculation. Estimates of broad-sense heritability (H) for lesion depth and a 95% confidence interval about these estimates were similar in 2000 and 2001: 0.84 (0.84, 0.91) and 0.77 (0.77, 0.87), respectively, as were the estimates for lesion diameter: 0.83 (0.83, 0.90) and 0.80 (0.80, 0.89), respectively. The differences in lesion depth for the female parents were significant the second year, but not the first year. The differences in lesion diameter for the female and male parents were significant both years. The female x male interactions were not significant for either lesion depth or lesion diameter. There were significant differences between clones in each of these four families for both traits both years. In 2000 and 2001, 24% and 38%, respectively, of the clones were unstable for resistance. In only one of the four families did instability increase as susceptibility increased, suggesting that there sometimes may be a genetic component to instability per se. These results indicate that resistance to Fusarium dry rot has a large genetic component. They also indicate that lesion diameter is more informative than lesion depth for evaluating resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM haynesk@ba.ars.usd.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 335 EP 341 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 082ME UT WOS:000240390100006 ER PT J AU Michael, DD Wagner, SK Ocon, OM Talbot, NC Rooke, JA Ealy, AD AF Michael, Donna D. Wagner, Sara K. Ocon, Olga M. Talbot, Neil C. Rooke, John A. Ealy, Alan D. TI Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor increases interferon-tau protein secretion in bovine trophectoderm cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokine; embryo; growth factor; placenta; pregnancy ID TROPHOBLAST INTERFERON; GM-CSF; EXPRESSION; EMBRYOS; ENHANCEMENT; PREGNANCY; CONCEPTUS; INVITRO; GENES; SHEEP AB Problem Uterine-derived factors are required for optimal conceptus development and secretion of the maternal recognition of pregnancy factor, interferon-tau (IFN-tau). Identifying these factors may lead to the development of schemes for increasing pregnancy success in cattle. Method of Study The objectives were to examine the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) on trophectoderm proliferation rates and IFN-tau production, and verify the appropriateness of using an in vitro model of bovine trophectoderm (CT-1 cell). Results Rate of [H-3]-thymidine incorporation into DNA was increased by supplementation of CT-1 medium with 10 or 100 ng/mL porcine (po) GM-CSF. GM-CSF supplementation to CT-1 medium also increased IFN-tau secretion. When results were normalized to account for number of CT-1 cells, 10 and 100 ng/mL poGM-CSF increased antiviral activity and IFN-tau concentrations (using an IFN-tau-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in CT-1 conditioned medium compared with controls. Conclusions These findings indicate that GM-CSF increases proliferation and IFN-tau production in bovine trophectoderm. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Scottish Agr Coll, Sustainable Livestock Syst, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Ealy, AD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, POB 110910, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ealy@ufl.edu NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1046-7408 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 SU S BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00390.x PG 5 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 067KA UT WOS:000239299500002 PM 16792532 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TB Brown, MS Larson, RL Kleiboeker, SB Olson, KC Keisler, D Carroll, JA Berg, EP AF Schmidt, TB Brown, MS Larson, RL Kleiboeker, SB Olson, KC Keisler, D Carroll, JA Berg, EP TI Effect of dietary lipoic acid on metabolic hormones and acute-phase proteins during challenge with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY 2004 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Animal Sci ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN-E; BODY-FAT MASS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; BEEF-CATTLE; LEPTIN; PERFORMANCE; FEEDLOT; STEERS; HEALTH AB Objective-To determine the effect of dietary supplemental lipoic acid (LA) on serum concentrations of metabolic hormones and acute-phase proteins of steers challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRW). Animals-32 steers. Procedures-Steers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: negative control (NC- no LA, no IBRV challenge), control (CON; no LA, IBR challenge), 16 mg of LA/kg of body weight (BW)/d plus IBRV challenge (LA16), and 32 mg of LA/kg of BW/d plus IBRV challenge (LA32). Following a 21-day adaptation period, CON, LA16, and LA32 steers received IBRV (2 mL/nostril [day 0]),- NC steers received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Blood samples, nasal swab specimens, BW, and rectal temperatures were obtained 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after challenge. Serum was analyzed for concentrations of haptoglobin, amyloid-A, leptin, and anti-IBRV antibodies. Results-Steers fed LA32 began gaining BW by day 7, whereas BW of CON and LA16 steers declined. Serum haptoglobin concentration of LA32 steers was lower than that of CON and LA16 steers on day 7 Serum neutralization titers for 30 of 32 steers were negative for anti-IBRV antibodies before challenge, however, all steers (including NCs) had antibodies on day 21. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that LA supplementation augmented certain aspects of the immune response; LA32 steers had a more rapid recovery from IBRV viral challenge than did others. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, Lubbock, TX 79424 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. RP Berg, EP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1192 EP 1198 DI 10.2460/ajvr.67.7.1192 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 059EQ UT WOS:000238716500016 PM 16817742 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Dibble, ED Schoenholtz, SH AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Dibble, Eric D. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. TI Spatial and temporal variation of goldstripe darter abundance in first-order streams in north-central Mississippi SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ETHEOSTOMA-PARVIPINNE; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY AB Little is known about the spatial and temporal dynamics of abundance and habitat use of the goldstripe darter (Etheostoma parvipinne). We assessed population dynamics, species associates and habitat use of this rarely studied darter in 14 first-order streams within pine plantations in north-central Mississippi. The pattern of goldstripe darter abundance among sampling periods differed among streams. Three streams with the greatest abundance of goldstripe darters exhibited significant differences in abundance among sampling periods, while the remaining 10 streams did not differ in abundance among sampling periods. Goldstripe darters exhibited the greatest associations with creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), brown madtom (Noturus phaeus) and least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera). Goldstripe darter abundance was positively correlated with canopy cover, water temperature and sand. Our results suggest that management plans designed to maintain and develop forested riparian zones adjacent to first-order streams would assist with the conservation of goldstripe darters. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM smiley.50@osu.edu NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 156 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)156[23:SATVOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071OP UT WOS:000239611800003 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, James H. TI An evaluation of pollination mechanisms for purple prairie-clover, Dalea purpurea (Fabaceae : Amorpheae) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Purple prairie-clover (Dalea purpurea Ventenat) is a common perennial forb that flowers during mid-summer throughout the Great Plains and adjacent biomes. Seed of D. purpurea is used for prairie restoration. This study characterizes the reproductive biology of D. purpurea. Manual pollination field trials showed that D. purpurea has a mixed pollination system. It is primarily xenogamous (45% of flowers manually pollinated with outcross pollen yielded plump seeds), but partially self-compatible (19% of selfed flowers yielded seeds). Flowers neither visited by bees nor manually pollinated rarely yielded mature seed (0-6% of flowers). A review of extensive bee community surveys from sites with prairie wildflower communities revealed that D. purpurea attracts a rich and diverse native bee fauna. Managed agricultural pollinators (Apis mellifera, Megachile rotundata) also work its flowers for pollen and nectar, yielding > 20,000 seeds per plant. These observations bode well both for pollinating D. purpurea in small commercial seed fields as well as for its value for sustaining native pollinator faunas in prairie restorations. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 156 IS 1 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)156[193:AEOPMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071OP UT WOS:000239611800019 ER PT J AU Williams, LR Williams, MG Crubh, AR Swinehart, EE AF Williams, Lance R. Williams, Marsha G. Crubh, Archis R. Swinehart, Elizabeth E. TI Food habits of the federally threatened leopard darter (Percina pantherina) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISH; OKLAHOMA; STREAM AB We examined food habits of the federally threatened leopard darter in six rivers in southeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Arkansas using guts collected from 1994 to 1997. The families Baetidae and Chironomidae were the most common food items selected by leopard darters. In general, leopard darters are selecting food items that are relatively common in the environment; thus, food availability may not be a factor limiting abundance. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ouachita Natl Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Williams, LR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Williams.2323@osu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 156 IS 1 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)156[208:FHOTFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071OP UT WOS:000239611800022 ER PT J AU Vander Wall, SB Briggs, JS Jenkins, SH Kuhn, KM Thayer, TC Beck, MJ AF Vander Wall, Stephen B. Briggs, Jennifer S. Jenkins, Stephen H. Kuhn, Kellie M. Thayer, Theodore C. Beck, Maurie J. TI Do food-hoarding animals have a cache recovery advantage? Determining recovery of stored food SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID YELLOW PINE CHIPMUNKS; MERRIAM KANGAROO RATS; TITS PARUS-PALUSTRIS; TERM SPATIAL MEMORY; CLARK NUTCRACKER; MARSH TITS; PILFERAGE; SEED; BEHAVIOR; FIELD AB Food stored by animals can either be recovered by the hoarder or pilfered, but it is very difficult to distinguish between these possibilities under natural conditions. We tested the hypothesis that yellow pine chipmunks, Tamias amoenus, have a recovery advantage (i.e. a greater probability of finding a cached item than does a naive forager). We allowed chipmunks to cache radiolabelled pine seeds and then established artificial caches nearby. Paired artificial and real caches were identical in number of seeds, depth and microsite. Caches (393 pairs at 10 sites) were monitored during autumn 1997, 1999 and 2002. Removal of real caches represented the activity of the hoarder, foraging using spatial memory, plus the activities of pilferers, whereas the removal of artificial caches represented the activities of pilferers. We used these two measures in a competing risks model, which estimated that seed-caching chipmunks retrieved 74% of the food they stored in 1997 and 56% of the food they stored in 1999-2002. Seed-hoarding chipmunks were removed at four of the 10 sites immediately after they prepared caches. Where the seed-hoarders remained, animals took real caches 3.4 to 6.5 times faster than artificial caches, an effect that we attribute to the activity of the hoarder. Where the caching chipmunk was removed, there were no significant differences in the rates of removal of real versus artificial caches. We suggest that artificial caches can be used to estimate the proportion of caches retrieved by a seed-hoarding animal versus the proportion discovered by pilferers. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV USA. Pasadena City Coll, Pasadena, CA USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Reg, S Lake Tahoe, CA USA. RP Vander Wall, SB (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM sv@unr.edu NR 40 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.01.004 PN 1 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 067AR UT WOS:000239272900020 ER PT J AU Takiya, DM Mckamey, SH Cavichioi, RR AF Takiya, Daniela M. Mckamey, Stuart H. Cavichioi, Rodney R. TI Validity of Homalodisca and of H-vitripennis as the name for glassy-winged sharpshooter (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Cicadellinae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca coagulata; glassy-winged sharpshooter; Xylella fastidiosa; Pierce's disease; Propetes ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; LEAFHOPPERS HEMIPTERA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; COSTA-RICA; TRANSMISSION; PROCONIINI; OLEANDER; MELICHAR; DISEASE AB A male of Tettigonia vitripennis Germar-deposited in the recently rediscovered Germar Hemiptera collection, in the Ivan Franko National University (Ukraine)-is designated as the lectotype and assumed to be erroneously labeled as from Brazil. Homalodisca vitripennis is considered a senior synonym of Tettigonia coagulata syn, nov. and therefore should be used as the scientific name for the glassy-winged sharpshooter, a major vector of the bacterial Pierce's disease of grapes, phony peach disease, plum leaf scald, and oleander leaf scorch in southern United States and northern Mexico. The previously designated type species of Homalodisca Stal, Cicada triquetra F., was found to be mistaken by Stal for C. triangularis F., which is herein fixed as the new type species of this economically important genus. Propetes triquetra comb. nov., previously known only from an unknown locality in South America, is newly recorded from Brazil (Mato Grosso and Pard states). C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Agr Res Serv,PSI, Washington, DC 20586 USA. Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Takiya, DM (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, 607 E Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RI Takiya, Daniela/E-4062-2012; Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro /B-1565-2013 OI Takiya, Daniela/0000-0002-6233-3615; NR 43 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[648:VOHAOH]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 060SV UT WOS:000238822800003 ER PT J AU Vanden Wymelenberg, A Sabat, G Mozuch, M Kersten, PJ Cullen, D Blanchette, RA AF Vanden Wymelenberg, Amber Sabat, Grzegorz Mozuch, Michael Kersten, Philip J. Cullen, Dan Blanchette, Robert A. TI Structure, organization, and transcriptional regulation of a family of copper radical oxidase genes in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OROTIDINE-5'-PHOSPHATE DECARBOXYLASE GENE; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SPOROTRICHUM-PULVERULENTUM; CELLOBIOSE DEHYDROGENASE; PEROXIDASE; ENZYME; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; TRANSFORMATION AB The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium produces an array of nonspecific extracellular enzymes thought to be involved in lignin degradation, including lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, and the H(2)O(2)-generating copper radical oxidase, glyoxal oxidase (GLX). Preliminary analysis of the P. chrysosporium draft genome had identified six sequences with significant similarity to GLX and designated crol through cro6. The predicted mature protein sequences diverge substantially from one another, but the residues coordinating copper and constituting the radical redox site are conserved. Transcript profiles, microscopic examination, and lignin analysis of inoculated thin wood sections are consistent with differential regulation as decay advances. The cro2-encoded protein was detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in defined medium. The cro2 cDNA was successfully expressed in Aspergillus nidulans under the control of the A. niger glucoamylase promoter and secretion signal. The recombinant CRO2 protein had a substantially different substrate preference than GLX. The role of structurally and functionally diverse cro genes in lignocellulose degradation remains to be established. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Genet & Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 4871 EP 4877 DI 10.1128/AEM.00375-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000046 PM 16820482 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA Tan, J Sharma, M Kothary, M Low, S Tall, BD Bhagwat, M AF Bhagwat, Arvind A. Tan, Jasmine Sharma, Manan Kothary, Mahendra Low, Sharon Tall, Ben D. Bhagwat, Medha TI Functional heterogeneity of RpoS in stress tolerance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-RESISTANCE SYSTEMS; STATIONARY-PHASE; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; ENTERIC BACTERIA; MUTATIONS; GLUTAMATE; O157-H7; SURVIVAL; GENES; EXPRESSION AB The stationary-phase sigma factor (RpoS) regulates many cellular responses to environmental stress conditions such as heat, acid, and alkali shocks. On the other hand, mutations at the rpoS locus have frequently been detected among pathogenic as well as commensal strains of Escherichia coli. The objective of this study was to perform a functional analysis of the RpoS-mediated stress responses of enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains from food-borne outbreaks. E. coli strains belonging to serotypes O157:H7, O111:H11, and O26:H11 exhibited polymorphisms for two phenotypes widely used to monitor rpoS mutations, heat tolerance and glycogen synthesis, as well as for two others, alkali tolerance and adherence to Caco-2 cells. However, these strains synthesized the oxidative acid resistance system through an rpoS-dependent pathway. During the transition from mildly acidic growth conditions (pH 5.5) to alkaline stress (pH 10.2), cell survival was dependent on rpoS functionality. Some strains were able to overcome negative regulation by RpoS and induced higher P-galactosidase activity without compromising their acid resistance. There were no major differences in the DNA sequences in the rpoS coding regions among the tested strains. The heterogeneity of rpoS-dependent phenotypes observed for stress-related phenotypes was also evident in the Caco-2 cell adherence assay. Wild-type O157:H7 strains with native rpoS were less adherent than rpoS-complemented counterpart strains, suggesting that rpoS functionality is needed. These results show that some pathogenic E. coli strains can maintain their acid tolerance capability while compromising other RpoS-dependent stress responses. Such adaptation processes may have significant impact on a pathogen's survival in food processing environments, as well in the host's stomach and intestine. C1 USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, Div Virulence Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. RP Bhagwat, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Tall, Ben/0000-0003-0399-3629 NR 57 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 4978 EP 4986 DI 10.1128/AEM.02842-05 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000060 PM 16820496 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Liu, Y Zhang, Y Cripe, J Conway, W Meng, J Hall, G Bhagwat, AA AF Shen, Yuelian Liu, Yan Zhang, Yifan Cripe, Jennifer Conway, William Meng, Jianghong Hall, Grace Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat foods in Florida SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; BACTERIOPHAGES; IDENTIFICATION; BIOCONTROL; SURVIVAL; PCR AB Of 3,063 ready-to-eat food samples tested, 91 (2.97%) were positive for Listeria monocytogenes, and lineage 1 strains outnumbered lineage 2 strains 57 to 34. Seventy-one isolates (78%) exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance, and an L. monocytogenes-specific bacteriophage cocktail lysed 65 of 91 (71%) isolates. Determining phage, acid, and antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes enabled us to identify differences among strains which were otherwise indistinguishable by conventional methods. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Florida State Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, BARCW, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 5073 EP 5076 DI 10.1128/AEM.00435-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000072 PM 16820508 ER PT J AU Donovan, DM Foster-Frey, J Dong, S Rousseau, GM Moineau, S Pritchard, DG AF Donovan, David M. Foster-Frey, Juli Dong, Shengli Rousseau, Genevive M. Moineau, Sylvain Pritchard, David G. TI The cell lysis activity of the Streptococcus agalactiae bacteriophage B30 endolysin relies on the cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase domain SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; BOVINE MASTITIS; SEQUENCE; AMIDASE; DISEASE; FAMILY; COWS AB The Streptococcus agalactiae bacteriophage B30 endolysin contains three domains: cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP), Acm glycosidase, and the SH3b cell wall binding domain. Truncations and point mutations indicated that the Acm domain requires the SH3b domain for activity, while the CHAP domain is responsible for nearly all the cell lysis activity. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Laval, Felix Herelle Refernce Ctr Bacterial Viruses, Fac Med Dent, GREB,Fac Sci & Genie,Dept Biochim & Microbiol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Bldg 230,Room 104,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ddonovan@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Moineau, Sylvain/N-3578-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI054897, R21 AI054897] NR 23 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 5108 EP 5112 DI 10.1128/AEM.03065-05 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000081 PM 16820517 ER PT J AU Farahani, HJ Shaner, DL Buchleiter, GW Bartlett, GA AF Farahani, H. J. Shaner, D. L. Buchleiter, G. W. Bartlett, G. A. TI Evaluation of a low volume agro-chemical application system for center pivot irrigation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE application technology; irrigation; center pivot; chemigation ID CHEMIGATION AB A low volume agro-chemical application system, called Accu-Pulse Precision Applicator was recently introduced. Accu-Pulse features an independently operated spray boom attached to a center pivot or a linear move irrigation system. The unique spray applicators have adjustable discharge volumes [from 8 to 31 mL per pulse (0.27 to 1.05 oz)] and enable applications at low rates similar to ground sprayers and much lower than chemigation and pivot-attached sprayer systems. The low rates are achieved by periodic pulsing of the chemical solution through the applicators on a span-by-span basis. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the engineering performance of the Accu-Pulse system. Entrapped air caused the most discharge variability, affecting isolated applicators on a branch line. In the absence of entrapped air the discharge variability (CV) was less than 15% for medium to high discharge settings [19 to 31 mL (0.64 to 1.05 oz)] and varied from 13% to 34% at lower settings [below 19 mL (0.64 oz)]. Uniformity of applicator discharge is not synonymous with application uniformity as the wetting coverage tests show. Based on stained water-sensitive papers, much larger droplets were detected under Accu-Pulse than a ground rig sprayer suggesting a greater potential to reduce spray drift. However percent wetting coverage was about one-third to one-half smaller under Accu-Pulse than the ground sprayer For a commercial Accu-Pulse on an eight-tower center pivot, wetting coverage values were in the 40% range as compared to coverage values of about 60% for a ground sprayer From growers' perspective, the uniformity of applied chemical is an important performance criterion. This study does not address uniformity in chemical application, efficacy, or cost but advances the basic understanding of spray pattern, overlap, wetting coverage, discharge uniformity, droplet size, and pulse time characteristics of the Accu-Pulse system. Additional studies are needed to evaluate and compare the performance and efficacy of Accu-Pulse with other agro-chemical systems. C1 ICARDA, Water Management & Drought Mitigat, Aleppo, Syria. ARS Water Management Res, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Valmont Ind, Valley, NE USA. RP Farahani, HJ (reprint author), ICARDA, Water Management & Drought Mitigat, POB 5466, Aleppo, Syria. EM h.farahani@cgiar.org OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 517 EP 528 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 070FY UT WOS:000239506900005 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Evans, RG AF Jabro, J. D. Evans, R. G. TI Discrepancies between analytical solutions of two borehole permeameters for estimating field-saturated hydraulic conductivity SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; permeameter; constant head; solution; water flow ID HEAD WELL PERMEAMETER; GUELPH PERMEAMETER; VADOSE ZONE; SOIL AB Field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(fs)) is considered the most important parameter for water flow and chemical transport phenomena in soils. The Richards' and Laplace's solutions of the Guelph Permeameter (GP) and the Glover's solution of the Compact Constant Head Permeameter (CCHP) for calculating K(fs) were compared. Steady-state flow rates of water into soil at a single constant head infiltration (H = 20 cm) from a borehole measured with the Guelph permeameter method were used to estimate K(fs) values using these solutions. The geometric mean values of K(fs) calculated using Richards', Laplace's, and Glover's solutions were 0.112, 0.185, and 0.224 cm h(-1), respectively, for a Duffield silt loam soil. The Glover's and Laplace's solutions, neither of which takes into account the effect of unsaturated capillary flow, produce K(fs) values approximately 1.5 to 2 times larger than the K(fs) values calculated using Richards' solution. While the Glover's solution gives K(fs) values nearly 1.4 times larger than those estimated by the Laplace's solution. The student t-test showed that the mean difference (M(d)) among Richards' Laplace's, and Glover's solutions were significantly different from zero at p < 0.01. Thus, statistical analyses indicated that the three analytical methods result in dissimilar estimates of K(fs) values. Negative K(fs) values are often obtained using simultaneous equations of Richards' solution approach in heterogeneous soils and the Richards' solution can only be used at one constant water depth when an a value must be estimated or assigned based on the soil texture and structure. Both Glover's and Laplace's solutions can be used in coarse textured soils where the capillarity effect is minimal and initial water content in the soil is near the field capacity level. This indicates that the variability in K(fs) estimates depend not only on soil structure, texture, and other soil characteristics, but also on the method of estimation imposed by the borehole analytical solution. C1 ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jjabro@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 070FY UT WOS:000239506900008 ER PT J AU Anthony, WS AF Anthony, W. S. TI Technology to separate rubber crumb from fiber SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Annual Meeting CY 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP ASAE DE tires; rubber; fiber; fluff; waste; separation; recycling AB Tests at a research laboratory and field evaluation at a commercial tire recycling facility demonstrated the reliability and economic value of a new machine to separate the waste fluff produced by tire recycling plants into marketable products such as crumb rubber and fiber Two new fluff recycling machines were designed, constructed, patented, and tested in the lab (prototype and improved), and one (prototype) was tested in a commercial plant. Processing the fluff from several recycling plants with the prototype machine yielded from 34% to 87% crumb and from 1% to 26% fiber. The crumb was mostly 300 microns or smaller The quantity of un-ground rubber in the fluff ranged from 2% to 64% and greatly impacted the amount of recoverable crumb and fiber Field tests at a commercial tire recycling facility were successful and the prototype machine yielded 70% crumb, 13% clean fiber 9% partially cleaned fiber 5% large pieces of un-ground rubber and 3% cyclone waste. Evaluation of the improved machine with fluff from five recycling plants produced 40% to 67% crumb, mostly 300 microns or smaller The highly variable raw material yielded from 1% to 21% clean fiber 9% to 30% rough fiber and 3% to 48% un-ground rubber. Economic evaluation for three tire recycling plants that processed between 2 and 5 million tires annually indicated that their gross income could be increased from $0.67 to $1.94 million per year depending on the quantity of tires processed and the landfill costs. The machines process about 1490 kg/h/m (1000 lb/h/ft) of width and cost about $100,000. C1 ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38756 USA. EM santhony@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 563 EP 570 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 070FY UT WOS:000239506900010 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA AF Rosentrater, K. A. TI Some physical properties of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE characterization; coproducts; corn; distillers grains; distillers dried grains with solubles; DDGS; ethanol; evaluation; physical properties AB With the rapid growth in the fuel ethanol industry in recent years, considerable research is being devoted to determining distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) nutritional properties and to optimizing their inclusion in livestock diets; physical properties of these materials, however have been largely ignored. Using standard laboratory methods, several physical properties for typical DDGS streams were determined, including moisture content, water activity, thermal properties (conductivity, resistivity, and dififusivity), bulk density, angle of repose, and color The DDGS samples in this study were golden-brown in color and exhibited physical properties similar to other dry feed ingredients, such as hominy feed, corn gluten feed, and other corn-based materials. As a first step, the numerical data generated during this study will help fill a current void in design information for the ethanol and livestock industries. C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 26 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 589 EP 595 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 070FY UT WOS:000239506900014 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DM Muck, RE Shinners, KJ Weimer, PJ AF Stevenson, DM Muck, RE Shinners, KJ Weimer, PJ TI Use of real time PCR to determine population profiles of individual species of lactic acid bacteria in alfalfa silage and stored corn stover SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; MULTIPLEX PCR; LACTOBACILLUS; PRIMERS; FERMENTATION; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; INOCULATION AB Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify seven species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in alfalfa silage prepared in the presence or absence of four commercial inoculants and in uninoculated corn stover harvested and stored under a variety of field conditions. Species-specific PCR primers were designed based on recA gene sequences. Commercial inoculants improved the quality of alfalfa silage, but species corresponding to those in the inoculants displayed variations in persistence over the next 96 h. Lactobacillus brevis was the most abundant LAB (12 to 32% of total sample DNA) in all of the alfalfa silages by 96 h. Modest populations (up to 10%) of Lactobacillus plantarum were also observed in inoculated silages. Pediococcus pentosaceus populations increased over time but did not exceed 2% of the total. Small populations (0.1 to 1%) of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactococcus lactis were observed in all silages, while Lactobacillus pentosus and Enterococcus faecium were near or below detection limits. Corn stover generally displayed higher populations of L. plantarum and L. brevis and lower populations of other LAB species. The data illustrate the utility of RT-PCR for quantifying individual species of LAB in conserved forages prepared under a wide variety of conditions. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Muck, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM remuck@wisc.edu NR 23 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 71 IS 3 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-0170-z PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 056NI UT WOS:000238530400010 PM 16205920 ER PT J AU Gorsich, SW Dien, BS Nichols, NN Slininger, PJ Liu, ZL Skory, CD AF Gorsich, SW Dien, BS Nichols, NN Slininger, PJ Liu, ZL Skory, CD TI Tolerance to furfural-induced stress is associated with pentose phosphate pathway genes ZWF1, GND1, RPE1, and TKL1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE-STRESS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FUEL ETHANOL; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; XYLOSE FERMENTATION; YEAST; INHIBITION; ACID; PROTECTION; BIOMASS AB Engineering yeast to be more tolerant to fermentation inhibitors, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), will lead to more efficient lignocellulose to ethanol bioconversion. To identify target genes involved in furfural tolerance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene disruption library was screened for mutants with growth deficiencies in the presence of furfural. It was hypothesized that overexpression of these genes would provide a growth benefit in the presence of furfural. Sixty two mutants were identified whose corresponding genes function in a wide spectrum of physiological pathways, suggesting that furfural tolerance is a complex process. We focused on four mutants, zwf1, gnd1, rpe1, and tkl1, which represent genes encoding pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes. At various concentrations of furfural and HMF, a clear association with higher sensitivity to these inhibitors was demonstrated in these mutants. PPP mutants were inefficient at reducing furfural to the less toxic furfuryl alcohol, which we propose is a result of an overall decreased abundance of reducing equivalents or to NADPH's role in stress tolerance. Overexpression of ZWF1 in S. cerevisiae allowed growth at furfural concentrations that are normally toxic. These results demonstrate a strong relationship between PPP genes and furfural tolerance and provide additional putative target genes involved in furfural tolerance. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gorsich, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gorsichs@ncaur.usda.gov OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 44 TC 132 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 71 IS 3 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-0142-3 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 056NI UT WOS:000238530400011 PM 16222531 ER PT J AU Danielson, TL Obeidat, S Rayson, GD Anderson, DM Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE AF Danielson, Timothy L. Obeidat, Safwan Rayson, Gary D. Anderson, Dean M. Fredrickson, Ed L. Estell, Rick E. TI Photoluminescent distinction among plant life forms using phosphate buffered saline extract solutions SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE photoluminescence; principal component analysis; PCA; plant life forms; standing crop; botanical composition ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMOMETRICS; SPECTRA; PREDICTION; QUALITY; STRESS; GREEN; DIETS AB Photoluminescence of plant extract solutions has been investigated for discrimination of plant life forms (grasses, forbs, and shrubs) using principal component analysis (PCA). Clippings from each of six plant species representing three different plant life forms potentially found in the diets of free-ranging herbivores in the Chihuahuan Desert of North America were investigated for possible discernment. These plants included Sporobolus flexuosus (mesa dropseed, a grass), Pleuraphis mutica (tobosa, a grass), Dimorphocarpa wislizenii (spectacle pod, a forb), Sphaeralcea incana (pale globemallow, a forb), Flourensia cernua leaves (tarbush, a shrub), and Atriplex canescens leaves and stems (fourwing saltbush, a shrub). Emission spectra (370-600 nm) from phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extract solutions (pH 2.2, 7.5 and 12.5) were recorded for each plant with excitation at 365 nm. Use of PBS minimized chlorophyll interference. Discernment among plant life forms within these plant species was achieved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Rayson, GD (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM garayson@nmsu.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 7 BP 800 EP 807 DI 10.1366/000370206777887116 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 063UW UT WOS:000239046400013 PM 16854269 ER PT J AU Vanden Broeck, J Stanley, D AF Vanden Broeck, J Stanley, D TI Preface - Insect signal transduction systems: Corrent knowledge and future directions SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Inst Zool, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Proteom, Dept Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Vanden Broeck, J (reprint author), Inst Zool, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Proteom, Dept Biol, Naamsestr 59, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM Jozef.VandenBroeck@bio.kuleuven.be; stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3 BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.1002/arch.20126 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 059JM UT WOS:000238729100001 ER PT J AU Taneja-Bageshwar, S Strey, A Zubrzak, P Pietrantonio, PV Nachman, RJ AF Taneja-Bageshwar, Suparna Strey, Allison Zubrzak, Pawel Pietrantonio, Patricia V. Nachman, Ronald J. TI Comparative structure-activity analysis of insect kinin core analogs on recombinant kinin receptors from southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) and mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress of Entomology CY 2004 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE kinin receptor; Ala replacement series; calcium bioluminescence plate assay; insect G protein; coupled receptor ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; CIS-PEPTIDE BOND; NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; DIURETIC ACTIVITY; LEUCOKININ RECEPTOR; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; CONFORMATION; HORMONES AB The systematic analysis of structure-activity relationships of insect kinins on two heterologous receptor-expressing systems is described. Previously, kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Conestrini) [Holmes et al., Insect Mal Biol 9:457-465 (2000); Holmes et al., Insect Mal Biol 12:27-38 (2003)], and the dengue vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) [Pietrantonio et al., Insect Mol Biol 14:55-67 (2005)], were functionally and stably expressed in CHO-KI cells. In order to determine which kinin residues are critical for the peptide-feceptor interaction, kinin core analogs were synthesized as an Ala-replacement series of the peptide FFSWGa and tested by a calcium hioluminescence plate assay. The amino acids Phe(1) and Trp(4) were essential for activity of the insect kinins in both receptors. It was confirmed that the pentapepticle kinin (ore is the minimum sequence required for activity and that the C-terminal amide is also essential. In contrast to the tick receptor, a large increase in efficacy is observed in the mosquito receptor when the C-terminal pentapeptide is N-terminally extended to a hexapeptide. The aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)-containing analog, FF[Aib]WGa, was as active as superagonist FFFSWGa on the mosquito receptor in contrast to the tick receptor where it was statistically more active than FFFSWGa by an order of magnitude. This restricted conformation A analog provides information on the conformation associated with the interaction of the insect kinins with these two receptors. Furthermore, the analog FF[Aib]WGa has been previously shown to resist degradation by the peptidases ACE and nelphrilysin and represents an important lead in the development of hiostable insect kinin analogs that ticks and mosquitoes cannot readily deactivate. C1 USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM p-pietrantonio@tamu.edu; nachman@tamu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [5R01AI046447] NR 33 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3 BP 128 EP 140 DI 10.1002/arch.20129 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 059JM UT WOS:000238729100004 PM 16783824 ER PT J AU Mertens, JA Skory, CD Ibrahim, AS AF Mertens, Jeffrey A. Skory, Christopher D. Ibrahim, Ashraf S. TI Plasmids for expression of heterologous proteins in Rhizopus oryzae SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizopus oryzae; green fluorescent protein; heterologous protein expression; gene copy number; RT-PCR ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; ZYGOMYCETE ABSIDIA-GLAUCA; MUCOR-CIRCINELLOIDES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ASPERGILLUS-AWAMORI; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; SELECTABLE MARKER; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; GLUCOAMYLASE AB Rhizopus oryzae has long been used for enzyme production (e.g., glucoamylase and lipase), organic acid synthesis, and various fermented food applications. In this work, we describe a set of plasmid-based expression vectors that can be used for the production of heterologous proteins in R. oryzae. Three plasmid vectors have been created using either the glucoamylase A (amyA), pyruvate decarboxylase (pdcA), or phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk1) promoters to drive expression of heterologous proteins. All three plasmids use the pdcA terminator for transcription termination, the pyrG gene for restoration of uracil prototrophy, and an ampicillin resistance gene and origin of replication for maintenance in Escherichia coli. We have expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) and compared transcription and protein accumulation for each of the expression vectors. Accumulation of GFP transcript and protein was directly correlated with the choice of promoter with pdcA > amyA > pgk1. Transcript level appears to parallel GFP protein accumulation. Plasmid copy number had little impact on transcription or protein accumulation. These vectors should be useful for overexpression of heterologous proteins and potentially, metabolic engineering of Rhizopus strains. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst Harbor, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. RP Mertens, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mertensj@ncaur.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R56 AI063503-01A1, R01 AI063503] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 186 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00203-006-0121-9 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 061GC UT WOS:000238858300005 PM 16804680 ER PT J AU Natilla, A Hammond, RW Nemchinov, LG AF Natilla, A Hammond, RW Nemchinov, LG TI Epitope presentation system based on cucumber mosaic virus coat protein expressed from a potato virus X-based vector SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE-VIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION AB The Cucumber mosaic virus Ixora isolate (CMV) coat protein gene (CP) was placed under the transcriptional control of the duplicated subgenomic CP promoter of a Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector. In vitro RNA transcripts were inoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana plants and recombinant CMV capsid proteins were identified on Western blots probed with CMV antibodies 5-7 days post-inoculation. PVX-produced CMV CP subunits were capable of assembling into virus-like particles (VLPs), which were visualized by electron microscopy. We further used the PVX/CMVCP system for transient expression of recombinant CMV CP constructs containing different neutralizing epitopes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) engineered into the internal beta H-beta I (motif 5) loop. Both crude plant extracts and purified VLPs were immunoreactive with CMV antibodies as well as with epitope-specific antibodies to NDV, thus confirming the surface display of the engineered NDV epitope. Our study demonstrates the potential of PVX/CMVCP as an expression tool and as a presentation system for promising epitopes. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nemchinov, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nemchinl@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 151 IS 7 BP 1373 EP 1386 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0711-x PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 056NM UT WOS:000238530800011 PM 16489509 ER PT J AU Niikura, M Dodgson, JB Cheng, HH AF Niikura, M Dodgson, JB Cheng, HH TI Stability of Marek's disease virus 132-bp repeats during serial in vitro passages SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID H GENE FAMILY; DNA-REPLICATION; INVITRO PASSAGE; UNIQUE REGION; GENOME; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCE; HERPESVIRUS; EXPANSION; VACCINES AB The Marek's disease virus (MDV) genome contains 2 sets of 132-bp tandem repeat sequences. An increase in 132-bp repeat units has been associated with attenuation of oncogenicity during in vitro passage. By cloning entire genomes, we demonstrated that the copy number of 132-bp repeats can differ within an individual MDV genome. The stability of the 132-bp repeats during cell passage depended on the initial copy number. When both sets of repeats contained 2 copies, the copy number remained stable, while if even 1 set of repeats contained 6 copies, repeat expansion occurred relatively quickly. This expansion did not affect the in vitro growth curve. However, when MDV clones with low and high copy numbers were passed together, genomes with expanded repeats rapidly predominated, mimicking the behavior of naturally-occurring MDV. These results suggest that the preponderance of high-copy repeats after passage reflects intracellular copy number within individual infected cells rather than an influence on the spread of the virus. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 151 IS 7 BP 1431 EP 1438 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0724-0 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 056NM UT WOS:000238530800016 PM 16489507 ER PT J AU Hild, AL Schuman, GE Vicklund, LE Williams, MI AF Hild, Ann L. Schuman, Gerald E. Vicklund, Laurel E. Williams, Mary I. TI Canopy growth and density of Wyoming big sagebrush sown with cool-season perennial grasses SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis; coal mine reclamation; seeding rates; shrub; structural diversity; structure ID COMPETITION; SEEDLINGS; LANDS; RATES AB Post-mining revegetation efforts often require grass seeding and mulch applications to stabilize the soils at the same time as shrub seeding, creating intraspecific competition between seeded shrubs and grasses that is not well understood. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle and Young) (Wyoming big sagebrush) is the dominant premining shrub oil many Wyoming mines. The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Land Quality Division requires reestablishment of I shrub m(-2) on 20% of post-mined lands in Wyoming. Reclamationists seldom document the impacts of grass competition on shrub canopy size after reclamation plantings become established even though shrub canopy development is important to vegetative structural diversity. In 1999, we initiated a study at the Belle Ayr Coal Mine near Gillette, Wyoming, to evaluate the influence of grass competition oil establishment and growth of Wyoming big sagebrush. Combinations of three sagebrush seeding rates (1, 2, and 4 kg pls ha(-1)) and seven cool-season perennial grass mixture seeding rates (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14 kg pls ha-1) were seeded during winter 1998-1999. Shrub density and grass cover were assessed from 1999 to 2004. We monitored sagebrush canopy size in 2001, 2002, and 2004. All sagebrush seeding rates provided shrub densities >= 1 shrub M after six growing seasons. Grass production >= 75 g m(-2) was achieved by seeding grasses at 6 to 8 kg pls ha(-1). Canopy growth of individual sagebrush plants was least in the heaviest grass seeding rate. Reduced grass seeding rates can aid in achieving Wyoming big sagebrush density standards and enhance shrub canopy growth. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. Fdn Coal West Inc, Belle Ayr coal Mind, Gillette, WY USA. RP Hild, AL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM annhild@uwyo.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1080/15324980600705586 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 059WR UT WOS:000238763400001 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Collins, D Robins, SJ O'Connor, JJ Bloomfield, HE Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ Brousseau, ME AF Tai, E. Shyong Collins, Dorothea Robins, Sander J. O'Connor, John J., Jr. Bloomfield, Hanna E. Ordovas, Jose M. Schaefer, Ernst J. Brousseau, Margaret E. TI The L162V polymorphism at the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha locus modulates the risk of cardiovascular events associated with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus: The Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE fibrate; HDL; insulin resistance; PPARA; polymorphism ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PPAR-ALPHA; SECONDARY PREVENTION; HEART-DISEASE; LIPID-LEVELS; IN-VITRO; KAPPA-B; GENE AB Background: The Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT) showed that gemfibrozil, which activates peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha (PPAR alpha), significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in men with low HDL cholesterol (< 40 mg/dl) and established coronary heart disease. Treatment was particularly beneficial in those with insulin resistance (IR) or diabetes mellitus (DM). We hypothesized that the association between a functional polymorphism at the PPARA locus (L162V) and the risk of a CV event, as well as response to fibrate therapy, might be greatest in those with either IR or DM (DMAR) in VA-HIT. Methods and results: A total of 827 men (placebo, n =413; gemfibrozil, n =414) from the VA-HIT were genotyped. This population included a high proportion of subjects with DMAR. In VA-HIT, the PPARA V 162 allele was associated with reduced levels of HDL cholesterol and the presence of DM/IR at baseline. It was also associated with reduced risk of CV events in those with DM/IR but not in those with neither (DMAR *PPARA genotype, P=0.005). Among subjects with DM/IR, treatment with gemfibrozil reduced CV events in non-carriers from 29.9 to 17.8% and carriers of the V162 allele from 14.7 to 4.8%. In contrast, carriers of the V162 allele with no DM/IR who were treated with gemfibrozil experienced significantly more CV events than did those who received placebo (20.6% versus 13.6%; P = 0.01). Conclusions: The effect of the L162V polymorphism at the PPARA locus on CV risk depends on the presence of DMAR. Among subjects treated with gemfibrozil, the V162 allele was associated not only with reduced CV risk in subjects with DM/IR, but also with significantly increased CV risk in the absence of these traits, identifying this genetic variant as a potential marker for predicting which subjects may have a favorable response to fibrate therapy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Unit, USDA, Boston, MA USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Cooperat Studies Program, Coordinating Ctr, West Haven, CT USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. VAMC, Ctr Chron Dis Outcomes Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Brousseau, ME (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Unit, USDA, Boston, MA USA. EM margaret.brousseau@tufts.edu OI bloomfield, hanna/0000-0002-0756-7064; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 187 IS 1 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.034 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 064FA UT WOS:000239073400019 PM 16221474 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Howe, FP James, FC Johnson, DH Reed, ET Sauer, JR Thompson, FR AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Howe, Frank P. James, Frances C. Johnson, Douglas H. Reed, Eric T. Sauer, John R. Thompson, Frank R., III TI A review of the population estimation approach of the North American landbird conservation plan SO AUK LA English DT Review ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; CERULEAN WARBLERS; POINT COUNTS; ABUNDANCE; ROADS C1 US Geol Survey Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. US Geol Survey No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Migratory Birds Conservat Div, Quebec City, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada. US Geol Survey Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Missouri, N Cent Res Stn, US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Columbus, MS USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2006 VL 123 IS 3 BP 892 EP 904 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[892:AROTPE]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 065SR UT WOS:000239180100024 ER PT J AU Karraker, NE Welsh, HH AF Karraker, N. E. Welsh, H. H., Jr. TI Long-term impacts of even-aged timber management on abundance and body condition of terrestrial amphibians in Northwestern California SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE amphibians; Ensatina eschscholtzii; Plethodon elongatus; clearcutting; thinning; silvicultural edges; body condition index; movements ID NORTHERN REDBACK SALAMANDERS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; CLEAR-CUT EDGES; SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES; PLETHODON-ELONGATUS; FRAGMENTED FORESTS; GROWTH FORESTS; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; POPULATIONS AB Conservation needs for amphibians in managed timberlands may differ based upon the species present and the timber harvesting methods employed. Clearcuts have been documented to be detrimental to amphibians but the impacts of associated silvicultural edges and alternative harvesting treatments are not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to determine if amphibian abundances and body condition differed in thinned forests and intact forests, and in clearcuts and associated silvicultural edges. We also examined which environmental attributes were important in explaining observed differences. We sampled clearcuts, silvicultural edges, and adjacent late-seral forests at 10 sites in northwestern California from October 1999 to July 2002. Clearcuts at these sites ranged in age from 6 to 25 years. Five of these forest stands were intact and five had been commercially thinned at least 10 years prior to our study. Amphibian abundances were similar in thinned and unthinned forests, but body condition of the most common species was lower in thinned forests. Abundances of amphibians were nearly twice as high in forests and at silvicultural edges than in clearcuts. Clearcutting at these sites appears to have affected amphibian numbers up to 25 years post-harvest, however, silvicultural edges were suitable habitats for amphibians. While commercial thinning did not reduce amphibian numbers, it is an intermediate treatment followed by clearcutting. Where conservation of amphibians is a concern, even-aged silvicultural systems may not provide the most appropriate method for maintaining viable populations on managed forestlands in the northwestern US. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Karraker, NE (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, 250 Illick Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM nekarrak@syr.edu NR 53 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YF UT WOS:000238699800012 ER PT J AU Adams, BJ Fodor, A Koppenhofer, HS Stackebrandt, E Stock, SP Klein, MG AF Adams, Byron J. Fodor, Andras Koppenhofer, Heather S. Stackebrandt, Erko Stock, S. Patricia Klein, Michael G. TI Biodiversity and systematics of nematode-bacterium entomopathogens (vol 37, pg 32-49, 2006) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Reprint DE biodiversity; Heterorhabditis; Steinernema; Photorhabdus; Xenorhabdus; taxonomy; systematics; evolution; entomopathogenic nematodes; mutualism; symbiosis ID N-SP RHABDITIDA; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE NEMATODES; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; INSECT PATHOGENIC NEMATODES; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA LARVAE; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; DNA REPEAT UNIT; PHOTORHABDUS-LUMINESCENS; XENORHABDUS-NEMATOPHILUS AB Nematodes are one of the most abundant animals on earth, and bacteria comprise the most biologically and phylogenetically diverse domains of organisms. On at least two separate occasions a soil dwelling nematode and a bacterium have entered into a mutualistic, insecticidal association. From such origins arose two distinct lineages of nematode-bacterium entomopathogens, Steinernema-Xenorhabdus and Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus. Herein, we present a summary and discussion of the known evolutionary diversity and systematics of these two groups relative to other nematodes and bacteria, and their shared evolutionary history. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Evolut Ecol Labs, Micorbiol & Mol Biol Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Genet, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Florida, Entomol & Nematol Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganism Zellkultur GmbH, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Adams, BJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Evolut Ecol Labs, Micorbiol & Mol Biol Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bjadams@byu.edu RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009 OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352 NR 207 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 4 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(06)00126-5 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 057LF UT WOS:000238596600002 ER PT J AU Lewis, EE Campbell, J Griffin, C Kaya, H Peters, A AF Lewis, EE Campbell, J Griffin, C Kaya, H Peters, A TI Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Symbiotic Bacteria CY 2003 CL Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH HO Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr DE behavior; ecology; entomopathogenic nematode; infection; host; parasite; insect; Steinernema; Heterorhabditis ID PARASITOID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; STEINERNEMA-GLASERI NEMATODA; POPILLIA-JAPONICA COLEOPTERA; HOST RECOGNITION BEHAVIOR; JAPANESE-BEETLE LARVAE; PAUSE-TRAVEL PREDATOR; GIVING-UP TIMES; INFECTIVE-STAGE; INSECT HOST; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA AB We discuss the behavior and ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes in relation to their successes and failures as biological control agents. Four categories of studies have been reviewed herein; infective juvenile foraging strategies, recognition and evaluation of the host by infective juveniles, the actual behaviors of infective juveniles that result in infection, and the protective role of the symbiotic bacteria during nematode reproduction in the cadaver. This constitutes a chronological order of events. Two challenges are suggested. First, the data on entomopathogenic nematode behavioral ecology, while very extensive for some species, are almost completely lacking for most described species. We need to approach future studies paying more attention to phylogenetic origins of the traits that we study. Second, there is little consensus on exactly what are the traits that are worth studying. By reviewing and synthesizing current work, we make some suggestions about where future research should be directed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Nalt Univ Ireland, Dept Biol, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. Nalt Univ Ireland, Inst Bioengn & Agroecol, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. E Nema GmbH, D-24223 Raisdorf, Germany. RP Lewis, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM eelewis@ucdavis.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 130 TC 123 Z9 135 U1 3 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 66 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.11.007 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 057LF UT WOS:000238596600006 ER PT J AU Georgis, R Koppenhofer, AM Lacey, LA Belair, G Duncan, LW Grewal, PS Samish, M Tan, L Torr, P van Tol, RWHM AF Georgis, R. Koppenhofer, A. M. Lacey, L. A. Belair, G. Duncan, L. W. Grewal, P. S. Samish, M. Tan, L. Torr, P. van Tol, R. W. H. M. TI Successes and failures in the use of parasitic nematodes for pest control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Symbiotic Bacteria CY 2003 CL Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH HO Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr DE entomopathogenic nematodes; Steinernema; Heterorhabditis; Phasmarhabditis; slug nematode; field efficacy; commercialization ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; ROOT WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA POINAR; STEINERNEMA-SCAPTERISCI RHABDITIDA; CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS BOUCHE; CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; SLUG DEROCERAS-RETICULATUM; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA AB Advances in mass-production and formulation technology of entomopathogenic nematodes, the discovery of numerous isolates/strains and the desirability of reducing pesticide usage have resulted in a surge of scientific and commercial interest in these nematodes. The lessons learned from earlier problems have encouraged scientists and leading. commercial companies to increase their efforts toward improving cost efficiency and better product positioning in the market within the confines of product capabilities. The successes or failures of the nematodes against 24 arthropod pest species of agriculture and animals and against a major slug pest in agriculture are discussed in this review. Commercial successes are documented in markets such as citrus (Diaprepes root weevil), greenhouses and glasshouses (black vine weevil, fungus gnats, thrips, and certain borers), turf (white grubs, billbugs, and mote crickets), and mushrooms (sciarid flies). In addition, the successful commercialization of a nematode (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita) against slugs in agricultural systems is presented. Despite this progress, the reality is that nematode-based products have limited market share. Limited share is attributed to higher product cost compared to standard insecticides, low efficacy under unfavorable conditions, application timing and conditions, limited data and cost benefit in IPM programs, refrigeration requirements and limited room temperature shelf life (product quality), use of suboptimum nematode species, and lack of detail application directions. One or more of these factors affected the market introduction of the nematodes despite promising field efficacy against insects such as black cutworm in turf, sugar beet weevil in sugar beet, sweet potato weevil in sweet potato, and house fly adult in animal-rearing farms. Insects such as cabbage root maggots, carrot root weevil, and Colorado potato beetle are listed on the label of certain commercial products despite low efficacy data, due to insect susceptibility, biology, and/or behavior. To make entomopathogenic nematodes more successful, realistic strategies through genetic engineering, IPM programs, and new delivery systems and/or training programs to overcome their inherent cost, formulation instability, and limited field efficacy toward certain insects are needed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 AgroSci LLC, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, St Jean, PQ, Canada. Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH 44641 USA. Kimron Vet Inst, Bet Dagan, Israel. Kimron Vet Inst, Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. Plant Res Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Georgis, R (reprint author), AgroSci LLC, 580 Arastradero Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. EM agrosci@aol.com NR 156 TC 153 Z9 181 U1 19 U2 117 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 103 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.11.005 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 057LF UT WOS:000238596600008 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gouge, DH Piggott, SJ Fife, JP AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Gouge, Dawn H. Piggott, Simon J. Fife, Jane Patterson TI Application technology and environmental considerations for use of entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Symbiotic Bacteria CY 2003 CL Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH HO Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr DE application technology; biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis; Steinernema ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE RHABDITIDA; JAPANESE-BEETLE COLEOPTERA; WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS THYSANOPTERA; BLACK CUTWORM LEPIDOPTERA; MOLE CRICKETS ORTHOPTERA; ROOT WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA AB A wide range of technology is available for application of entomopathogenic, nematodes including various irrigation systems and spray equipment. The choice of application equipment, and manner in which the nematodes are applied, can have substantial impact on pest control efficacy. For example, nozzle or pumping system types are some of the parameters that can affect nematode performance following spray applications. Operating pressures for some nematode species may reach up to 2000 kPa without notable damage, whereas other species may require lower pressure limits, e.g., 1380 kPa for Heterorhabditis megidis. In addition to application equipment, a variety of other abiotic and biotic factors must be considered. In general, a rate of 25 infective juvenile nematodes/cm(2) is required for successful pest suppression. Critical environmental factors include avoidance of ultraviolet radiation, adequate soil moisture, and appropriate temperature. Certain fertilizers and chemical pesticides can have positive effects on entomopathogenic nematode efficacy, whereas other agents may have neutral or negative effects. Similarly, certain biotic agents present during soil applications can be expected to be detrimental to nematode applications (e.g., nematophagous mites and fungi), whereas other organisms may be beneficial (e.g., some combinations with Bacillus thuringiensis); With some exceptions foliar applications have been less successful than soil applications due to nematode susceptibility to desiccation and UV; recent research, however, indicates that frequent low-rate applications of nematodes to foliage can result in substantial suppression of greenhouse pests such as thrips. Further innovation in application technology will undoubtedly contribute to the expansion of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SAA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Becker Underwood, Littlehampton, W Sussex, England. Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 120 TC 98 Z9 109 U1 10 U2 57 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 057LF UT WOS:000238596600009 ER PT J AU Kashian, DM Romme, WH Tinker, DB Turner, MG Ryan, MG AF Kashian, Daniel M. Romme, William H. Tinker, Daniel B. Turner, Monica G. Ryan, Michael G. TI Carbon storage on landscapes with stand-replacing fires SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; climate change; dead wood; decomposition; net ecosystem production ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; POSTFIRE LODGEPOLE PINE; NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; SOIL BURN SEVERITY; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; CO2 FLUX; TREE AB Many conifer forests experience stand-replacing wildfires, and these fires and subsequent recovery can change the amount of carbon released to the atmosphere because conifer forests contain large carbon stores. Stand-replacing fires switch ecosystems to being a net source of carbon as decomposition exceeds photosynthesis-a short-term effect (years to decades) that maybe important over the next century in fire frequency increases. Over the long term (many centuries), net carbon storage through afire cycle is zero if stands replace themselves. Therefore, equilibrium response of landscape carbon storage to changes in fire frequency will depend on how stand age distribution changes, on the carbon storage of different stand ages, and on postfire regeneration. In a case study of Yellowstone National Park, equilibrium values of landscape carbon storage were resistant to large changes in fire frequency because theseforests regenerate quickly, the current fire interval is very long, the most rapid changes in carbon storage occur in the first century, and carbon storage is similar for stands of different ages. The conversion of forest to meadow or to sparser forest can have a large impact on landscape carbon storage, and this process is likely to be important for many coniferforests. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kashian, DM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dank@lamar.colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; Romme, William/C-7317-2016 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; NR 53 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 7 U2 40 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 56 IS 7 BP 598 EP 606 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[598:CSOLWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 063KT UT WOS:000239017800011 ER PT J AU Fife, JP Ozkan, HE Derksen, RC Grewal, PS AF Fife, J. P. Ozkan, H. E. Derksen, R. C. Grewal, P. S. TI Using computational fluid dynamics to predict damage of a biological pesticide during passage through a hydraulic nozzle SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PEST-CONTROL AGENT; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; EXTENSIONAL FLOW; VIABILITY AB The wide variety of agricultural spray equipment commercially available makes it difficult to test equipment components for compatibility with biological pesticides under varying operating conditions. One approach to this problem is to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool to numerically simulate the complex flow conditions within different equipment components. From the numerical simulations, the flow-field parameter energy dissipation rate is used to characterise local hydrodynamic conditions potentially resulting in organism damage. Experimental tests measured damage to a benchmark biological pesticide, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), after being passed through a standard flat fan nozzle (Spraying Systems XR8001VS) and hollow cone nozzle (Spraying Systems TXA8001VK) at varying flow rates. Numerical simulations of the internal flow for each nozzle were performed for the experimental flow conditions. An empirical model relating EPN damage as a function of the computed average energy dissipation rate was developed using data from a previous study. The model was validated using experimental and numerical results from the nozzles. Overall, the model was able to predict EPN damage well, in many cases within 5% of observed rates of damage. The results from this study show that CFD is a feasible method to evaluate spray equipment and operating conditions for delivery of biopesticides. (c) 2006 IAgrE. All rights reserved Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Fife, JP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM fifej@battelle.org; ozkan.2@osu.edu; derksen.2@osu.edu; grewal.1@osu.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 94 IS 3 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.04.008 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 061BK UT WOS:000238846000007 ER PT J AU Shchelkunov, SN Salyaev, RK Pozdnyakov, SG Rekoslavskaya, NI Nesterov, AE Ryzhova, TS Sumtsova, VM Pakova, NV Mishutina, UO Kopytina, TV Hammond, RW AF Shchelkunov, Sergei N. Salyaev, Rurik K. Pozdnyakov, Sergei G. Rekoslavskaya, Natalia I. Nesterov, Andrei E. Ryzhova, Tatiana S. Sumtsova, Valentina M. Pakova, Natalia V. Mishutina, Uliana O. Kopytina, Tatiana V. Hammond, Rosemarie W. TI Immunogenicity of a novel, bivalent, plant-based oral vaccine against hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency viruses SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B virus; human immunodeficiency virus; oral plant-based vaccine; transgenic tomato ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; EDIBLE VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; PEPTIDE; ANTIBODIES; CANDIDATE; MUCOSAL; PROTEIN AB A synthetic chimeric gene, TBI-HBS, encoding the immunogenic ENV and GAG epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and the surface protein antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), was expressed in tomato plants. Tomato fruits containing the TBI-HBS antigen were fed to experimental mice and, on days 14 and 28 post-feeding, high levels of HIV- and HBV-specific antibodies were present in the serum and feces of the test animals. Intraperitoneal injection of a DNA vaccine directing synthesis of the same TBI-HBsAg antigen boosted the antibody response to HIV in the blood serum; however, it had no effect on the high level of antibodies produced to HBV. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Chem Biol & Fundamental Med, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Siberian Inst Plant Physiol & Biochem, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM hammondr@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Pozdnyakov, Sergey/H-1133-2013 NR 31 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 28 IS 13 BP 959 EP 967 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-9028-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 060AS UT WOS:000238774200003 PM 16794774 ER PT J AU Slotta, TAB Porter, DM AF Slotta, TAB Porter, DM TI Genetic variation within and between Iliamna corei and I-remota (Malvaceae): implications for species delimitation SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ISSRs; Kankakee Mallow; Peters Mountain Mallow; population genetics ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; ENDANGERED ILIAMNA; ISSR MARKERS; RAPD; DIVERSITY; RARE; CONSERVATION; VIOLACEAE; SEQUENCES; VIRGINIA AB Iliamna corei and I. remota are classified as endangered species; however, their designation as separate species has been questioned. In order to address this problem, intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) data were generated to examine patterns of genetic differentiation within and between these two taxa. ISSRs were used to screen individuals for genetic diversity of I. corei from the single known natural population and two garden populations, and individuals of I. remota from the six natural populations and four garden populations. Using ten primers, 140 informative markers were generated. Ninety-four percent of loci detected revealed polymorphisms. Cluster analysis (neighbour-joining, NJ) revealed that the two species are genetically distinct and that the Illinois populations of I. remota were genetically distinct from the Virginia populations of I. remota. Ordination by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) supported the findings of the NJ, with a separation of I. corei and I. remota. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed that the majority of variation detected was within populations, which is consistent with other self-incompatible plants. The results indicate a correlation between the geographical distributions of the species and gene flow. (c) 2006 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Slotta, TAB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM tslotta@vt.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4074 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 151 IS 3 BP 345 EP 354 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 057ER UT WOS:000238579600004 ER PT J AU Liu, HP Randerson, JT Lindfors, J Massman, WJ Foken, T AF Liu, Heping Randerson, James T. Lindfors, Jamie Massman, William J. Foken, Thomas TI Consequences of incomplete surface energy balance closure for CO2 fluxes from open-path CO2/H2O infrared gas analysers SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide flux; eddy covariance; error analysis; open-path CO2/H2O infrared gas analysers (IRGA); surface energy imbalance; WPL algorithm ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; WATER-VAPOR TRANSFER; EDDY-COVARIANCE; SONIC ANEMOMETER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LAND-SURFACE; LONG-TERM; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; TALL VEGETATION; WEBB CORRECTION AB We present an approach for assessing the impact of systematic biases in measured energy fluxes on CO2 flux estimates obtained from open-path eddy-covariance systems. In our analysis, we present equations to analyse the propagation of errors through the Webb, Pearman, and Leuning (WPL) algorithm [Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 106, 85-100, 1980] that is widely used to account for density fluctuations on CO2 flux measurements. Our results suggest that incomplete energy balance closure does not necessarily lead to an underestimation of CO2 fluxes despite the existence of surface energy imbalance; either an overestimation or underestimation of CO2 fluxes is possible depending on local atmospheric conditions and measurement errors in the sensible heat, latent heat, and CO2 fluxes. We use open-path eddy-covariance fluxes measured over a black spruce forest in interior Alaska to explore several energy imbalance scenarios and their consequences for CO2 fluxes. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Dept Micrometeorol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Liu, HP (reprint author), 7 Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys Atmospher Sci & Gen Sci, POB 17660, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM Heping.Liu@jsums.edu OI Foken, Thomas/0000-0003-4562-9083 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1 BP 65 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s10546-005-9047-z PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 077GG UT WOS:000240016300004 ER PT J AU Ayrilmis, N Korkut, S Tanritanir, E Winandy, JE Hiziroglu, S AF Ayrilmis, N Korkut, S Tanritanir, E Winandy, JE Hiziroglu, S TI Effect of various tire retardants on surface roughness of plywood SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fire retardant; plywood; surface roughness ID WOOD; DEGRADATION; THICKNESS AB In this study the surface roughness of plywood treated with various fire retardants was investigated. Commercially manufactured veneer of Akaba wood (Tetraberlinia bifoliolata) was treated with borax, boric acid, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, then experimental plywood panels were made from these veneer sheets. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface characteristics of the samples. Three main roughness parameters, mean arithmetic deviation of profile (R-z), mean peak-to-valley height (R-a), and maximum roughness (R-max) obtained from the surface of plywood were used to evaluate the effect of chemical treatments on the surface characteristics of the specimens. Significant difference was determined (p = 0.05) between surface roughness parameters (R-a, R-z, R-max) for four treatments and two retentions of fire retardants. Samples treated with 3% concentration of borax had the smoothest surface with 11.09 mu m R-a while the roughest surface was found for the samples treated with 6% boric acid having R-a value of 12.44 mu m. Results revealed that the surface quality of the panels reduced with increasing chemical concentration. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, TR-81620 Duzce, Turkey. Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Prod Ind Machinery & Business Adm, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Ayrilmis, N (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM nadiray@istanbul.edu.tr; korkut_suleyman@yahoo.co.uk; jwinandy@fs.fed.us; jwinandy@wisc.edu; hizirog@okstate.edu RI Korkut, Suleyman/D-2627-2015; Ayrilmis, Nadir/F-1573-2015 OI Korkut, Suleyman/0000-0002-4871-354X; NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 887 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.04.011 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 028PA UT WOS:000236499100006 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI Revision of the New World lygaeoid genus Epipolops (Heteroptera : Geocoridae : Pamphantinae : Epipolopini), with descriptions of five new species SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Five new species of the Neotropical geocorid genus Epipolops are recognized, raising to 14 the number of known species. The new species E. angelae sp. nov., E. kathiynae sp. nov., E. scudderi sp. nov., E. slateri sp. nov., and E. thomasi sp. nov. are described, the identity of E. mucronatus Distant is clarified, and the nine previously known species are diagnosed and redescribed. Photographs, scanning electron photomicrographs, outline illustrations of all pronota and hemelytra, and an identification key are provided to help distinguish species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 138 IS 4 BP 504 EP 530 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 089QG UT WOS:000240895000007 ER PT J AU St Clair, JB AF St Clair, J. Bradley TI Genetic variation in fall cold hardiness in coastal Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE cold hardiness; genetic variation; adaptation; Psuedotsuga menziesii ID VAR GLAUCA POPULATIONS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; SOUTHWEST OREGON; PATTERNS; TRAITS; DIFFERENTIATION; GENECOLOGY; SELECTION; SEEDLINGS AB Genetic variation in fall cold damage in coastal Doualas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was measured by exposing excised branches of seedlings from 666 source locations grown in a common garden to freezing temperatures in a programmable freezer. Considerable variation was found among populations in fall cold hardiness of stems, needles, and buds compared with bud burst, bud set, and biomass growth after 2 years. Variation in fall cold hardiness was strongly correlated (r = 0.67) with cold-season temperatures of the source environment. Large population differences corresponding with environmental gradients are evidence that natural selection has been important in determining genetic variation in fall cold hardiness, much more so than in traits of bud burst (a surrogate for spring cold hardiness), bud set, and growth. Seed movement guidelines and breeding zones may be more restrictive when considering genetic variation in fall cold hardiness compared with growth, phenology, or spring cold hardiness. A regional stratification system based on ecoregions with latitudinal and elevational divisions, and roughly corresponding with breeding zones used in Oregon and Washington, appeared to be adequate for minimizing population differences within regions for growth and phenology, but perhaps not fall cold hardiness. Although cold hardiness varied among populations, within-population and within-region variation is sufficiently large that responses to natural or artificial selection may be readily achieved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP St Clair, JB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bstclair@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1110 EP 1121 DI 10.1139/B06-084 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 090FN UT WOS:000240936200009 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Kabrick, JM Shifley, SR AF Fan, Zhaofei Kabrick, John M. Shifley, Stephen R. TI Classification and regression tree based survival analysis in oak-dominated forests of Missouri's Ozark highlands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DIAMETER GROWTH; LOGISTIC MODEL; LODGEPOLE PINE; WHITE SPRUCE; OLD-GROWTH; MORTALITY; STANDS; PROBABILITY; METHODOLOGY; INVENTORY AB Tree survival or mortality is a stochastic process and highly variable over time and space. Many factors contribute to this process, including tree age, tree size, competition, drought, insects, and diseases. Traditional parametric approaches to modeling tree survival or mortality are often unable to capture this variation, especially in natural, mixed-species forests. We analyzed tree survival in Missouri Ozark oak forests using a combination of classification and regression tree (CART) and survival analysis of more than 35 000 trees with DBH > 11 cm measured four times between 1992 and 2002. We employed a log-rank test with CART to classify trees into seven disjoint survival groups and used a nonparametric Kaplan-Meier (product limit) method to estimate tree survival rate and construct confidence intervals for each survival group. We found that tree species, crown class, DBH, and basal area of larger trees were the variables most closely associated with differences in tree survival rates. In these mature oak forests, mortality for the red oak species group was three to six times greater than for the white oak, hickory, or shortleaf pine species group. The results Provide practical information to guide development of silvicultural prescriptions to reduce losses to mortality. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kabrick, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jkabrick@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1740 EP 1748 DI 10.1139/X06-068 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 065NZ UT WOS:000239167900011 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, TN Walker, MD Chapin, FS Parsons, AL AF Hollingsworth, T. N. Walker, M. D. Chapin, F. S., III Parsons, A. L. TI Scale-dependent environmental controls over species composition in Alaskan black spruce communities SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN TAIGA; INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FORESTS; FIR FORESTS; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; RICHNESS; CANADA AB The boreal forest is the second largest terrestrial biome, and the black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest type occupies a large extent of boreal North America. Black spruce communities occur in a variety of environmental conditions and are especially important in the context of climate change because of underlain permafrost in much of the northern black spruce forests, as well as their adaptation to fire disturbance. We used a classification and ordination approach to describe and name Alaskan black spruce communities and relate them to key environmental variables. We analyzed the relationship of species richness with topographic position and with soil pH using both univariate and muitivariate analyses of variance. We also explored the variability in structural, physical, and soil characteristics. We described three black spruce community types and five subtypes based purely on floristic composition. Paludification and topography were the most important gradients explaining species composition for the Fairbanks region (61% variance explained). However, at the scale of interior Alaska, pH, drainage, and productivity were the strongest environmental gradients (81% variance explained). We conclude that species composition of mature black spruce forests in interior Alaska results from the complex interaction of landscape and fire history, soil pH, paludification, permafrost, and topographic position. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn,Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources Management & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hollingsworth, TN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn,Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, POB 756780, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM thollingsworth@fs.fed.us OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 74 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1781 EP 1796 DI 10.1139/X06-061 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 065NZ UT WOS:000239167900015 ER PT J AU McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH AF McCormick, Susan P. Alexander, Nancy J. Proctor, Robert H. TI Fusarium Tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for trichothecene biosynthesis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichothecene; P450 oxygenase; trichodiene; Tri101; Tri4; multifunctional oxygenase; monooxygenase ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; T-2 TOXIN; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASE; SPOROTRICHIOIDES ENCODES; GENE-CLUSTER; GRAMINEARUM; 3-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; IDENTIFICATION; MYCOTOXINS; TRI101 AB Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium sporotrichioides produce the trichothecene mycotoxins 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin, respectively. In both species, disruption of the P450 monooxygenase-encoding gene, Tri4, blocks production of the mycotoxins and leads to the accumulation of the trichothecene precursor trichodiene. To further characterize its function, the F. graminearum Tri4 (FgTri4) was heterologously expressed in the trichothecene-nonproducing species Fusarium verticillioides. Transgenic F. verticillioides carrying the FgTri4 converted exogenous trichodiene to the trichothecene biosynthetic intermediates isotrichodermin and trichothecene. Conversion of trichodiene to isotrichodermin requires seven biochemical steps. The fifth and sixth steps can occur nonenzymatically. Precursor feeding studies done in the current study indicate that wild-type F. verticillioides has the enzymatic activity necessary to carry out the seventh step, the C-3 acetylation of isotrichodermol to form isotrichodermin. Together, the results of this study indicate that the Tri4 protein catalyzes the remaining four steps and is therefore a multifunctional monooxygenase required for trichothecene biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP McCormick, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mccormsp@ncaur.usda.gov NR 34 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 52 IS 7 BP 636 EP 642 DI 10.1139/W06-011 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 074PP UT WOS:000239824600005 PM 16917519 ER PT J AU Thammakijjawat, P Thaveechai, N Kositratana, W Chunwongse, J Frederick, RD Schaad, NW AF Thammakijjawat, P. Thaveechai, N. Kositratana, W. Chunwongse, J. Frederick, R. D. Schaad, N. W. TI Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in ginger rhizomes by real-time PCR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE BIO-PCR; Rolstonia solanaceorum; bacterial wilt; ginger; Zingiber officinale ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HRP GENE REGION; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; DIVERSITY; DISEASE; BURKHOLDERIA; PICKETTII; STRAINS; PRIMERS; AFRICAN AB Bacterial wilt of ginger (Zingiber officinale), caused by Ralstonia solanocearum (Rs), has emerged as an important disease of ginger production in Thailand and throughout Asia. Real-time PCR assays were developed for detection of Rs in ginger rhizomes. A unique 329-bp DNA fragment from Rs biovar 4 from ginger was identified using amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. PCR primer and probe sequences were designed for real-time PCR assays and screened against 96 strains of Rs. The primers RSAF1 and RSAR1 and probe RSP1 were shown to react with ail strains of Rs race I biovars 3 and 4 but not biovars I and 2. Real-time TaqMan (R) PCR protocols were developed for two real-time PCR platforms, the ABI 7700 sequence detection system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) and the portable Smart Cycler (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, Calif.). A comparison between classical real-time PCR and real-tune BIO-PCR protocols, using 15 asymptomatic ginger rhizomes collected from different fields and markets, showed that 13 and 9 were positive by standard PCR and BIO-PCR, respectively. This is the first description of a real-time PCR assay capable of detecting Rs in asymptomatic ginger rhizomes and the first report of Rs in asymptomatic ginger rhizomes; being sold in markets in Thailand. C1 USDA, ARS, Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Dept Agr, Plant Protect Res & Dev Off, Bangkok, Thailand. Kasetsart Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Kasetsart Univ, Dept Hort, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 391 EP 400 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 122HP UT WOS:000243216800001 ER PT J AU Winton, LM Leiner, RH Krohn, AL AF Winton, Loretta M. Leiner, Roseann Hartke Krohn, Andrew L. TI Genetic diversity of Sclerotinia species from Alaskan vegetable crops SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Sclerotinia sp 1; white mold; lettuce drop; cabbage; bean; potato; squash; basil; clonality ID APOTHECIUM PRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; FINGERPRINTS; PATHOGEN; PATTERNS; PROGRAMS; DISEASES; BIOLOGY; CANOLA AB White mold diseases are prevalent and difficult to manage on vegetable crops in the Matanuska Valley, the main agricultural region of Alaska. Prior research on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the primary white mold pathogen throughout the world, has shown it to be predominantly clonal in cool temperate regions, whereas sexual recombination contributes to the population structure in milder climates. We examined the population structure of the fungus in the subarctic region of Alaska to determine whether the trend towards clonality is sustained at more extreme latitudes. Microsatellite and ribosomal DNA markers revealed that S. sclerotiorum populations in Alaska comprise predominantly, if not exclusively, nonrecombining clonal lineages. Surprisingly, many diseased plants were found to be infected by the cryptic Sclerotinia sp. 1, a closely related fungus previously reported on wild plant species and cultivated potato from Norway. In some fields, Sclerotinia sp. I was the only pathogen involved in disease. However, white mold in most fields was caused by both Sclerotinia sp. I and S. sclerotiorum in sympatry. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, USDA, ARS,Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Anim & Soil Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res & Extens Ctr, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Anim & Soil Sci, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res & Extens Ctr, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Winton, LM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, USDA, ARS,Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM lori.winton@uaf.edu NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 426 EP 434 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 122HP UT WOS:000243216800005 ER PT J AU Leiner, RH Winton, LM AF Leiner, Roseann Hartke Winton, Loretta M. TI Differential production of sclerotia by isolates of Scierotinia scierotiorum from Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; white mold; cabbage; lettuce; carrot; celery ID LETTUCE DROP; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; SEQUENCE; ROT AB Sclerotinia sclerofiorum was isolated from lettuce (Lactuca saliva) grown in Alaska. Sections of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and lettuce were inoculated with isolates A and B. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum were counted and weighed after the host tissue decomposed. Isolate A produced a mean of 42 sclerotia weighing 1.9 g on 100 a of cabbage 'Balbro', which was twice the number of sclerotia and triple the biomass produced by isolate B. Oil three cultivars of lettuce, isolate A had a greater mass and a similar number of sclerotia compared with isolate B. Carrot (Daucus carota subsp.. sativus) and celery (Aphon graveolens) were also inoculated to measure production Of sclerotia. Differences between isolates of S. sclerotiorum were less pronounced on carrot and celery, but the difference between hosts was significant. The mean mass of sclerotia for isolate A was 73 mg on carrot and 18 mg on celery. Isolates A and B were distinct in the rDNA intergenic spacer sequences. Isolate A had identical sequences to those reported for some isolates from United States and Canada, whereas isolate B matched different isolates from United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Both isolates belong to a relatively recently evolved group exhibiting significant associations between genotype and both geography and host species. In agricultural fields, one infection of S. sclerotiorum oil lettuce or cabbage call produce hundreds of new sclerotia that may affect levels of disease in future years. Cultural control can include minimizing the amount of sclerotia oil crop residue by disking soon after harvest. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res & Extens Ctr, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Anim & Soil Sci, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res & Extens Ctr, Forestry Expt Stn, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, USDA, ARS,Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Anim & Soil Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Leiner, RH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res & Extens Ctr, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Anim & Soil Sci, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM roseann.leiner@uaf.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 122HP UT WOS:000243216800006 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Li, DJ Bradley, V AF Johnson, R. C. Li Dajue Bradley, Vicki TI Autumn growth and its relationship to winter survival in diverse safflower germplasm SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carthamus tinctorius; safflower; winter hardiness; cold tolerance ID ROSETTE HABIT; REGISTRATION; SELECTIONS; ROOT AB The relationship between several autumn growth traits and winter survival was determined in 11 diverse safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) accessions grown at Central Ferry and Pullman, WA, USA. The safflower was sown in September 2002 and 2003 and plant population counts were taken 6-8 wk after emergence, and after the last frost in the spring to calculate winter survival. Growth factors including plant habit and height were also measured in the autumn. The Pullman plots in 2003-2004 were lost during an usually cold and windy November, but otherwise survival ranged from 90% for BJ-27, an introduction from China, to zero for the cultivar Saffire. Winter survival was negatively correlated with more upright plant habit (r = -041**, n = 97) and plant height (r = -0.29**, n = 97). However, some accessions with low plant habit (prostrate growth) and low height values had relatively poor survival. The results show that BJ-27 has sufficient winter survival to achieve over-winter safflower production for many areas. Autumn plant habit and height can predict the potential for winter survival, but physiological factors related to cold acclimation appeared to determine if that potential is realized. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing Bot Garden, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rcjohnson@wsu.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3 BP 701 EP 709 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 160JO UT WOS:000245936900009 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD Lager, KM Kehrli, ME AF Wesley, RD Lager, KM Kehrli, ME TI Infection with Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus stimulates an early gamma interferon response in the serum of pigs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID T-CELL; IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SYNDROME PRRS; IN-VIVO; APOPTOSIS; LUNGS; IMMUNITY; INNATE AB The early release of cytokines by cells involved in innate immunity is an important host response to intracellular pathogens. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is an important cytokine produced during the early stages of an infection by macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and other cell types, and it is also a central cytokine mediator for the induction of cellular or Th1 immunity. To better understand innate and adaptive immune responses after infection with Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), we investigated serum IFN-gamma concentrations and the duration of viremia. For 2 strains of atypical PRRSV, IFN-gamma was detectable in swine serum soon after infection and lasted for approximately 3 wk. Serum concentrations of IFN-gamma peaked at about 10 d after inoculation and returned to approximately baseline levels by day 22. However, individual pigs manifested short, sporadic increases in the serum concentration of IFN-gamma from 18 to 50 d after inoculation. Prior vaccination blocked the serum IFN-gamma response associated with homologous virus challenge and altered the kinetics of the response after heterologous challenge. Two other respiratory viruses of pigs, Porcine respiratory coronavirus and Swine influenza virus, do not appear to induce serum IFN-gamma. The early production of IFN-gamma in PRRSV-infected pigs might result from activation of NK cells, a response that is more characteristic of immune pathways stimulated by intracellular bacterial and protozoan infections. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 059MX UT WOS:000238738000003 PM 16850939 ER PT J AU Traub-Dargatz, JL Weese, JS Rousseau, JD Dunowska, M Morley, PS Dargatz, DA AF Traub-Dargatz, Josie L. Weese, J. Scott Rousseau, Joyce D. Dunowska, Magdalena Morley, Paul S. Dargatz, David A. TI Pilot study to evaluate 3 hygiene protocols on the reduction of bacterial load on the hands of veterinary staff performing routine equine physical examinations SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PROGRAM; CARE; SKIN; RESISTANCE; HANDWASH; FLORA AB Reduction factors (RFs) for bacterial counts on examiners' hands were compared when performing a standardized equine physical examination, followed by the use of one of 3 hand-hygiene protocols (washing with soap, ethanol gel application, and chlorohexidine-ethanol application). The mean RFs were 1.29 log(10) and 1.44 log(10) at 2 study sites for the alcohol-gel (62% ethyl alcohol active ingredient) protocols and 1.47 log(10) and 1.94 log(10) at 2 study sites for the chlorhexidine-alcohol (61% ethyl alcohol plus 1% chlorhexidine active ingredients) protocols, respectively. The RFs were significantly different (P < 0.0001) between the hand-washing group and the other 2 treatment groups (the alcohol-gel and the chlorhexidine-alcohol lotion). The use of alcohol-based gels or chlorhexidine-alcohol hand hygiene protocols must still be proven effective in equine practice settings, but in this study, these protocols were equivalent or superior to hand washing for reduction in bacterial load on the hands of people after they perform routine physical examinations. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, APHIS VS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Traub-Dargatz, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, 300 W Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jtraub1@lamar.colostate.edu OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 671 EP 676 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 064PP UT WOS:000239101900003 PM 16898109 ER PT J AU Van Donkersgoed, J Linfield, TFT Bridges, M Raths, D Dargatz, D Wagner, B Block, J Knoop, D Walton, TE AF Van Donkersgoed, Joyce Linfield, Thomas F. T. Bridges, Marc Raths, Dick Dargatz, David Wagner, Bruce Block, Jean Knoop, Doug Walton, Thomas E. TI Prevalence of antibodies to serotypes of Bluetongue virus and Anaplasma marginale in Montana feeder cattle: 2002-2003 SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article AB In a serologic survey of Montana-source weaned calves and yearling cattle, the apparent prevalence of antibodies to Bluetongue virus was 0.68% and 1.26% in 2002 and 2003, respectively, and to Anaplasma marginale at a positive cutoff at 30% inhibition it was 1.82% and 1.35% in 2002 and 2003, and at a positive cutoff at 42% inhibition it was 0.76% and 0.55% in 2002 and 2003, respectively, suggesting that the risk of importing infected animals was very low. C1 State Montana Dept Livestock, Helena, MT 59620 USA. Montana Stock Growers Assoc, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Montana Dept Livestock, Diagnost Lab Div, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Van Donkersgoed, J (reprint author), State Montana Dept Livestock, Box 253,Coaldale,AB T1M 1M3,POB 202001, Helena, MT 59620 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 692 EP 694 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 064PP UT WOS:000239101900008 PM 16898114 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Chongviriyaphan, N Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Kim, Yuri Chongviriyaphan, Nalinee Liu, Chun Russell, Robert M. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Combined antioxidant (beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) supplementation increases the levels of lung retinoic acid and inhibits the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in the ferret lung cancer model SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID N-TERMINAL KINASE; JUN NH2-TERMINAL KINASE; SMOKE-EXPOSED FERRETS; VITAMIN-E; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; C-JUN; IN-VITRO; P53 PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB Interactions among beta-carotene (BC), alpha-tocopherol (AT) and ascorbic acid (AA) led to the hypothesis that using a combination of these antioxidants could be more beneficial than using a single antioxidant alone, particularly against smoke-related lung cancer. In this investigation, we have conducted an animal study to determine whether combined BC, AT and AA supplementation (AOX) protects against 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung carcinogenesis in smoke-exposed (SM) ferrets. Ferrets were treated for 6 months in the following four groups: (i) control, (ii) SM + NNK, (iii) AOX and (iv) SM + NNK + AOX. Results showed that the combined AOX supplementation (i) prevented the SM + NNK-decreased lung concentrations of retinoic acid (RA) and BC; (ii) inhibited the SM + NNK-induced phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen proteins in the lungs of ferrets; and (iii) blocked the SM + NNK-induced up-regulation of total p53 and Bax proteins, as well as phosphorylated p53 in the lungs of ferrets. In addition, there were no lesions observed in the lung tissue of ferrets in the control and/or the AOX groups after 6 months of intervention, but combined AOX supplementation resulted in a trend toward lower incidence of both preneoplastic lung lesions and lung tumor formation in SM + NNK + AOX group of ferrets, as compared with the SM + NNK group alone. These data indicate that combined AOX supplementation could be a useful chemopreventive strategy against lung carcinogenesis through maintaining normal tissue levels of RA and inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, cell proliferation and phosphorylation of p53. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA49195]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK062032, T32 DK62032-11] NR 70 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1410 EP 1419 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgi340 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 061XD UT WOS:000238906200015 PM 16401635 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Singh, V Belyea, RL Rausch, KD Moreau, RA Tumbleson, ME AF Srinivasan, Radhakrishnan Singh, Vijay Belyea, Ronald L. Rausch, Kent D. Moreau, Robert A. Tumbleson, M. E. TI Economics of fiber separation from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) using sieving and elutriation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN AB Separation of fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) provides two valuable coproducts: 1) enhanced DDGS with reduced fiber, increased fat and increased protein contents and 2) fiber. Recently, the elusieve process, a combination of sieving and elutriation was found to be effective in separating fiber from two commercial samples of DDGS (DDGS-1 and DDGS-2). Separation of fiber decreased the quantity of DDGS, but increased the value of DDGS by increasing protein content and produced a new coproduct with higher fiber content. Economic analysis was conducted to determine the payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) of the elusieve process. The dependence of animal foodstuff prices on their protein content was determined. Equipment prices were obtained from industrial manufacturers. Relative to crude protein content of original DDGS, crude protein content of enhanced DDGS was higher by 8.0% for DDGS-1 and by 6.3% for DDGS-2. For a dry-grind plant processing corn at the rate of 2,030 metric tonnes/day (80,000 bushels/day), increase in revenue due to the elusieve process would be $0.4 to 0.7M/year. Total capital investment for the elusieve process would be $1.4M and operating cost would be $0.1M/year. Payback period was estimated to be 2.5-4.6 years, NPV was $1.2-3.4M, and IRR was 20.5-39.5%. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 324 EP 330 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0324 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 065CF UT WOS:000239136300003 ER PT J AU Park, SH Bean, SR Chung, OK Seib, PA AF Park, S. H. Bean, S. R. Chung, O. K. Seib, P. A. TI Levels of protein and protein composition in hard winter wheat flours and the relationship to breadmaking SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; GLUTEN PROTEINS; STARCH GRANULES; STRAIGHT-DOUGH; BAKING; GLIADINS AB Protein and protein fractions were measured in 49 hard winter wheat flours to investigate their relationship to breadmaking properties, particularly loaf volume, which varied from 760 to 1,055 cm 3 and crumb grain score of 1.0-5.0 from 100 g of flour straight-dough bread. Protein composition varied with flour protein content because total soluble protein (SP) and gliadin levels increased proportionally to increased protein content, but albumins and globulins (AG), soluble polymeric proteins (SPP), and insoluble polymeric protein (IPP) levels did not. Flour protein content was positively correlated with loaf volume and bake water absorption (r = 0.80, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.45, P < 0.01, respectively). The percent SP based on flour showed the highest correlation with loaf volume (r = 0.85) and low but significant correlation with crumb grain score (r = 0.35, P < 0.05). Percent gliadins based on flour and on protein content were positively correlated to loaf volume (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.46, P < 0.001, respectively). The percent IPP based on flour was the only protein fraction that was highly correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001) with bake water absorption followed by AG in flour (r = 0.30, P < 0.05). Bake mix time was correlated positively with percent IPP based on protein (r = 0.86) but negatively with percent SPP based on protein (r = -0.56, P < 0.0001). C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Park, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM seokho.park@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0418 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 065CF UT WOS:000239136300018 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Berrios, KJD Smith, GE Pan, JL AF Kahlon, T. S. Berrios, Kahlon J. de J. Smith, G. E. Pan, J. L. TI In vitro bile acid binding capacity of milled wheat bran and milled extruded wheat bran at five specific mechanical energy levels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC PROPERTIES; EXTRUSION-COOKING; CHOLESTEROL; FIBER; SALTS; OAT; CHOLESTYRAMINE; EXCRETION; HAMSTERS; INVITRO AB The in vitro binding of bile acids of milled wheat bran (MWB) and milled extruded wheat bran (MEB) at five specific mechanical energy (SME) levels of 120 (MEB-120), 177(MEB-177), 234 (MEB-234), 291 (MEB-291), and 358 (MEB-358) Whrlkg on a fat-free dry weight basis was determined using a mixture of bile acids secreted in human bile at duodenal physiological pH 6.3. Relative to cholestyramine (bile acid binding, cholesterol lowering drug) in vitro bile acid binding capacity on dry matter, total dietary fiber (TDF), and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) basis was for MWB: 21, 43, 45%; the range for MEB was 18-21%, 3441%, and 36-43%, respectively. MWB resulted in significantly higher bile acid binding than that of MEB at 120, 234, and 291 Whr/kg on a dry matter, TDF, and IDF basis. These results demonstrate the relative health-promoting potential of MWB = MEB-177 = MEB-358 > MEB-120 = MEB-234 = MEB-291 as indicated by the bile acid binding on a dry matter basis. Data suggest that significant improvement in health-promoting (cholesterol-lowering and cancer-preventing) potential could be obtained in WB by milling (low-cost processing) the bran to finer particle sizes and extruding (high-cost technology). Milling WB to small particle size (weighted mean 0.508 mm) increased surface area, in addition it may have induced changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of WB or created new linkages, binding sites of the proteins, starches, and nonstarch polysaccharides, which significantly increased the bile acid binding ability of the MWB. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tsk@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0434 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 065CF UT WOS:000239136300021 ER PT J AU Schmidt, WF Barone, JR Francis, B Reeves, JB AF Schmidt, WF Barone, JR Francis, B Reeves, JB TI Stearic acid solubility and cubic phase volume SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE cubic volume; cubic phase; stearic acid; stabilization; volume fraction; stoichiometry; solute; solvent; hydrophobicity; molecular mechanics; hexane; acetone; methanol; acetonitrile; methyl-t-butyl ether; solubility temperature dependence ID PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE VESICLES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FATTY-ACIDS; LIPIDS; MEMBRANES; WATER; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; SYSTEMS AB Stearic acid (SA) is highly soluble in structurally diverse solvents. SA/solvent packing within a (24.8 angstrom)(3) cubic volume explains the stoichiometry of SA solubility at multiple temperatures in multiple solvents. In the absence of solvent, the cubic volume contains 25 molecules at van der Waals distances from each other. At 55 degrees C, SA occupied half the cubic volume in saturated solution of four structurally diverse solvents. Below 4% SA/volume (e.g. in acetonitrile), the head and foot of each SA molecules on average is more than one solvent molecule away from the head and foot of a neighboring SA molecule. At 50% SA/cubic volume, -CH2- groups on SA molecules are separated from neighboring -CH2- groups on SA molecules by a monolayer of. solvent molecules. Lowering the temperature from 55 to 25 degrees C, the volume fraction of SA decreased by a factor of 2 (or more) for every 6 degrees C. Lowering temperature increased the relative number of column of solvent molecules in the cubic phase, and correspondingly, the distance between SA molecules within the cubic volume increased. In three of five solvents, molecular mechanics calculations demonstrated the van der Waals stabilization that occurs from SA/SA affinity in the absence of solvent is similar in magnitude to the van der Waals stabilization from SA/solvent affinity. Methyl-t-butyl ether was less stabilized than hexane, acetone or methanol because the more bulky molecules packed less efficiently within the cubic volume. The most efficient/most stable packing however was still as columns of solvent between columns of SA. The efficiency and stability of SA and solvent packing optimal within the (24.8 angstrom)(3) cubic volume. Between 100 and 8% SA, multiple SA molecules present within the cubic volume function as SA aggregates. Both inter- and intra-cubic (phase) volume properties of SA aggregates coexist. Although acetonitrile and SA at the molecular level are both rod shaped, acetonitrile disrupted the packing of SA molecules within the cubic phase. The disrupted packing explains the much lower solubility of SA in acetonitrile than in the other solvents. The same molecular structures (e.g. methanol) can either stabilize or disrupt the packing of aggregated SA molecules, depending upon temperature. The mechanisms of aggregation within cubic volumes could also occur with structurally more complicated lipids. Aggregation and dispersion from such cubic phases could also be present in more complex chemical and/or macromolecular environments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmidt, WF (reprint author), 10300 Baltimoro Ave,Bldg 012 Rm,1-5, Beltsville, MD USA. EM schmidtw@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD JUL PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2006.02.016 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 060IX UT WOS:000238797000003 PM 16616908 ER PT J AU Hu, JG AF Hu, Jinguo TI Defining the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) linkage group ends with the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence repeat-derived markers SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE linkage group; SSR markers; telomere; TRAP marker ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; DNA-SEQUENCES; MAP; CHROMOSOMES; CONSTRUCTION; RESISTANCE; GENOME; REGION; IDENTIFICATION AB The target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) marker technique was employed to define sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) linkage group ends. In combination with eight arbitrary primers, nine fixed primers containing the Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat sequences worked successfully in generating polymorphic markers in the mapping population of 92 F-7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross RHA 280 x RHA 801. This population was used in the construction of the densest sunflower linkage map of 577 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. With 18 sets of PCR reactions, 226 polymorphic TRAP markers were amplified from the two parental lines and 92 RIL. The computer program, Mapmaker, placed 183 markers into the established 17 linkage groups of the SSR map. Although most of the added markers spread across the genome, 32 markers were mapped to the outermost positions of the linkage groups, defining 21 of the 34 linkage group ends of the sunflower linkage map. The telomeric origin of a few of these markers was confirmed by sequence analyses. These telomere-associated markers will provide an accurate assessment of the completeness of a linkage group and a better estimate of the actual genetic lengths. The potential application of the telomere mapping to sunflower improvement is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM huj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 21 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 535 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s10577-006-1051-8 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 061BX UT WOS:000238847300006 PM 16823616 ER PT J AU Lyashchenko, KP Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Olsen, JH Ball, R Dumonceaux, G Dunker, F Buckley, C Richard, M Murray, S Payeur, JB Andersen, P Pollock, JM Mikota, S Miller, M Sofranko, D Waters, WR AF Lyashchenko, Konstantin P. Greenwald, Rena Esfandiari, Javan Olsen, John H. Ball, Ray Dumonceaux, Genevieve Dunker, Freeland Buckley, Carol Richard, Michael Murray, Suzan Payeur, Janet B. Andersen, Peter Pollock, John M. Mikota, Susan Miller, Michele Sofranko, Denise Waters, W. Ray TI Tuberculosis in elephants: Antibody responses to defined antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, potential for early diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CAPTIVE ASIAN ELEPHANTS; SERUM ANTIBODIES; POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS; INFECTION; RECOGNITION; ZOO; TRANSMISSION; PATHOLOGY AB Tuberculosis (TB) in elephants is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current diagnosis relies on trunk wash culture, the only officially recognized test, which has serious limitations. Innovative and efficient diagnostic methods are urgently needed. Rapid identification of infected animals is a crucial prerequisite for more effective control of TB, as early diagnosis allows timely initiation of chemotherapy. Serology has diagnostic potential, although key antigens have not been identified and optimal immunoassay formats are not established. To characterize the humoral responses in elephant TB, we tested 143 serum samples collected from 15 elephants over time. These included 48 samples from five culture-confirmed TB cases, of which four were in Asian elephants infected with M. tuberculosis and one was in an African elephant with Mycobacterium bovis. Multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) employing a panel of 12 defined antigens was used to identify serologic correlates of active disease. ESAT-6 was the immunodominant antigen recognized in elephant TB. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to ESAT-6 and other proteins were detected up to 3.5 years prior to culture of M. tuberculosis from trunk washes. Antibody levels to certain antigens gradually decreased in response to antitubercular therapy, suggesting the possibility of treatment monitoring. In addition to MAPIA,, serum samples were evaluated with a recently developed rapid test (RT) based on lateral How technology (ElephantTB STAT-PAK). Similarly to MAPIA, infected elephants were identified using the RT up to 4 years prior to positive culture. These findings demonstrate the potential for TB surveillance and treatment monitoring using the RT and MAPIA, respectively. C1 Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY 11763 USA. Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL USA. San Francisco Zoo, San Francisco, CA USA. Elephant Sanctuary, Hohenwald, TN USA. Albuquerque Biol Pk, Albuquerque, NM USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. USDA, Ainm & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Dept Bacteriol, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Elephant Care Int, Lake Buena Vista, FL USA. Disneys Anim Programs, Lake Buena Vista, FL USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lyashchenko, KP (reprint author), Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, 3661 Horseblock Rd, Medford, NY 11763 USA. EM klyashchenko@chembio.com OI Miller, Michele/0000-0002-5883-6076 NR 35 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 13 IS 7 BP 722 EP 732 DI 10.1128/CVI.00133-06 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 069BT UT WOS:000239420400002 PM 16829608 ER PT J AU Sweazea, KL McMurtry, JP Braun, EJ AF Sweazea, Karen L. McMurtry, John P. Braun, Eldon J. TI Inhibition of lipolysis does not affect insulin sensitivity to glucose uptake in the mourning dove SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dove; insulin; glucose; fatty acid; lipolysis ID ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; UPTAKE IN-VIVO; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WIND-TUNNEL; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; TRANSPORT ACTIVITY; CHICKEN INSULIN; FLIGHT-MUSCLE AB Birds have much higher plasma glucose and fatty acid levels compared to mammals. In addition, they are resistant to insulin-induced decreases in blood glucose. Recent studies have demonstrated that decreasing fatty acid utilization alleviates insulin resistance in mammals, thereby decreasing plasma glucose levels. This has yet to be examined in birds. In the present study, the levels of glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB), a major ketone body and indicator of fatty acid utilization, were measured after the administration of chicken insulin, acipimox (an anti-lipolytic agent), or insulin and acipimox in mourning doves (Zenaidura macroura). Insulin significantly decreased whole blood glucose levels (19%), but had no effect on BOHB concentrations. In contrast, acipimox decreased blood BOHB levels by 41 %, but had no effect on whole blood glucose. In addition to changes in blood composition, levels of glucose uptake by various tissues were measured after the individual and combined administration of insulin and acipimox. Under basal conditions, the uptake of glucose appeared to be greatest in the kidney followed by the brain and skeletal muscle with negligible uptake by heart, liver and adipose tissues. Acipimox significantly decreased glucose uptake by brain (58% in cortex and 55% in cerebellum). No significant effect of acipimox was observed in other tissues. In summary, the acute inhibition of lipolysis had no effect on glucose uptake in the presence or absence of insulin. This suggests that free fatty acids alone may not be contributing to insulin resistance in birds. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Arizona Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Braun, EJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, POB 245051, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM ejbraun@u.arizona.edu NR 68 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 144 IS 3 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.04.009 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 062QB UT WOS:000238958500016 PM 16753324 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Walker, TW Krutz, LJ AF Koger, CH Walker, TW Krutz, LJ TI Response of three rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars to pendimethalin application, planting depth, and rainfall SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE flooded rice; herbicide; herbicide tolerance; rice injury; simulated rainfall AB Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of three rice cultivars (Lemont, Cocodrie, and Wells) to pendimethalin as a function of planting depth, herbicide application timing, and timing of simulated rainfall after herbicide application. In the absence of pendimethalin, emergence of Wells was greater than that of either Cocodrie or Lemont. However, regardless of application timing, Wells was more sensitive to pendimethalin compared to either Cocodrie or Lemont. Emergence of all cultivars was reduced by pendimethalin at planting depths < 3.8 cm. For all cultivars, optimal planting depth for emergence and reduced injury was 0.64-1.9 cm. Rainfall after pendimethalin application, regardless of amount or timing, had no effect on rice emergence or plant health. Root biomass was not affected by planting depth or pendimethalin application, regardless of application timing. Based on these data, pendimethalin should be applied at labeled rates between 3 and 7 days after planting of certain cultivars, and should not be applied to fields planted to the Wells cultivar. A planting depth that will optimize rice emergence should take precedence over a depth that will minimize injury caused by pendimethalin. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Branch, Expt Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.1016/j.cropo.2005.09.012 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 049HK UT WOS:000238006800009 ER PT J AU Zou, JJ Singh, RJ Lee, J Xu, SJ Hymowitz, T AF Zou, J. J. Singh, R. J. Lee, J. Xu, S. J. Hymowitz, T. TI SSR markers exhibit trisomic segregation distortion in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-SOJA SIEB; LINKAGE MAP; MORPHOLOGY; ORIGIN; CHROMOSOMES; ANEUPLOIDY; BEHAVIOR; REGIONS; BARLEY; MUTANT AB A primary trisomic (2n = 2x + 1) is an excellent cytogenetic tool to locate genes and associate linkage groups to their respective chromosomes in diploid plant species. In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], 11 molecular linkage groups (MLGs) were previously assigned to their respective chromosomes using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and primary trisomics. The chromosome location of the SSR markers was determined by altered segregation ratios from a disomic (1:2:1) to a trisomic genotypic ratio (6:11:1) in the F-2 offspring derived from the crosses of soybean primary trisomics and G. soja Siebold & Zucc. In this study, we established the association between soybean Triplo 4 and MLG C1 based on trisornic segregation ratio (6:11:1) and cytological analysis. In addition, we identified four SSR markers that exhibited trisomic segregation distortion on three soybean chromosomes. Those SSR markers, including Satt565 and SOYGPATR on chromosome 4 (MLG Cl), Satt193 on chromosome 13 (MLG F), and Satt226 on chromosome 17 (MLG 132) segregated in a 1:11:6 ratio, which is the reverse of the standard trisomic genotypic ratio. This is the first report of trisomic segregation distortion in soybean. Since G. mar and G. soja usually differ either by a reciprocal translocation or by a paracentric inversion, we hypothesize that the genomic divergence between the two species and the numerically unbalanced genome in the trisomics might contribute to the distorted trisomic ratios. Genome instability may have been triggered in F, primary trisomics causing unexpected trisomic inheritance in F2. Our results indicate that both normal and distorted trisomic segregation ratios should be considered when analyzing the association between chromosomes and linkage groups using primary trisomic analysis. C1 Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Genet Resources Div, Suwon 441701, South Korea. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Zou, JJ (reprint author), Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. EM Jijun.Zou@pioneer.com NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1456 EP 1461 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0451 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100002 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Fenn, P Chen, PY AF Jackson, Eric W. Fenn, Patrick Chen, Pengyin TI Inheritance of resistance to purple seed stain caused by Cercospora kikuchii in PI 80837 soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DECAY; PURIFICATION; MO/PSD-0259; GERMINATION; INFECTION; GENOTYPE; LATENT; FUNGI AB Purple seed stain (PSS) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], caused by Cercospora kikuchii (T. Matsu. & Tomoyasu) Gardner, is favored by high moisture and warm temperatures during early pod development. PSS can significantly reduce seed and grain quality. Characterizing genetic resistance to PSS would be valuable in the development of resistant lines and varieties. PI 80837 has a high level of resistance to PSS and also good resistance to Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) caused primarily by Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs. Resistance to PSD in PI 80837 is conferred by a single dominant gene. The research reported here genetically characterizes PSS resistance in PI 80837 and examines if genes for PSS and PSD resistances are linked. Crosses were made between PI 80837 and 'Agripro 350' (AP 350) (susceptible to PSS and PSD), PI 91113 (susceptible to PSS and PSD), and line MO/PSD-0259 (susceptible to PSS but resistant to PSD). Populations and lines were grown in the field and C. kikuchii infection was assayed by plating seed. Cercospora seed infection of F, plants from reciprocal crosses of AP 350 X PI 80837 was not significantly different from that of PI 80837, indicating that resistance is under nuclear control. Segregation data from each of four F-2 populations fit a single dominant gene model for resistance. Data from F2:3 lines of AP 350 X PI 80837 and PI 80837 X MO/PSD-0259 fit the model for a single dominant gene for PSS resistance. A linkage test for reaction to Cercospora and Phomopsis seed infection in F2:3 lines of AP 350 X PI 80837 showed that the genes for PSS and PSD resistances in PI 80837 are not linked. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83202 USA. RP Fenn, P (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, 217 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pfenn@uark.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1462 EP 1466 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0621 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100003 ER PT J AU Brooks, SA See, DR Brown-Guedira, G AF Brooks, Steven A. See, Deven R. Brown-Guedira, Gina TI SNP-based improvement of a microsatellite marker associated with Karnal bunt resistance in wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; MAP AB Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has become the technology of choice for introgressing important traits with indistinct phenotypes into agronomically elite cultivars. Karnal bunt (KB, causal agent Tilletia indica Mitra) is an economically important fungal pathogen of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which has caused economic losses in the USA since it was first reported in 1996. To protect U.S. wheat from this emerging disease and the losses incurred from export quarantines, genetic sources of resistance are needed by breeders to improve U.S. germplasm. Resistance to KB is difficult to score phenotypically, making MAS an ideal choice for deploying this trait into U.S. wheat. Here we describe the conversion of a codominant microsatellite marker, Xgwm538, associated with a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for KB resistance into a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based marker. The SNP marker was developed to improve gel-based resolution and amplification consistency. The gwm538 primers amplify three fragments in the KB resistant line HD29: 137-, 147-, and a 152-bp fragment that maps to the long arm of chromosome 4B and is linked to the KB QTL. By cloning and sequencing all three fragments, we were able to exploit a SNP and design a new primer to selectively amplify the 152-bp fragment of interest (gwm538snp). Amplification consistency is improved with gwm538snp since the amplification of competing nontarget fragments is eliminated, and ambiguity is reduced since heterozygous plants are easily identified among backcross progeny. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Brooks, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 e,POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM ricegenes@mac.com NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1467 EP 1470 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0065 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100004 ER PT J AU Sterrett, SB Haynes, KG Yencho, GC Henninger, MR Vinyard, BT AF Sterrett, S. B. Haynes, K. G. Yencho, G. C. Henninger, M. R. Vinyard, B. T. TI 4x-2x potato clones with resistance or susceptibility to internal heat necrosis differ in tuber mineral status SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC POTATO; DIPLOID POTATOES; CALCIUM; GRAVITY; YIELD; QUALITY; FERTILIZATION; HERITABILITY; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY AB Internal heat necrosis (IHN) is a physiological disorder resulting in necrotic tissue in the pith of potato (Solanum spp.) tubers. Susceptibitity is associated with localized Ca deficiency within the tuber, but Ca availability may be influenced by other nutrients. Studies in Virginia, North Carolina, and New Jersey in 2001 and 2002 determined the influence of soil-applied Ca on tuber yield, specific gravity (SG), IHN, and nutrient concentration. Furrow-applied Ca sulfate (448 kg ha(-1) Ca) was applied to IHN resistant or susceptible interspecific 4x-2x S. tuberosum L. (tbr) x S. phureja Juz. & Bukasov-S. stenotomum Juz. & Bukasov hybrids. Tuber yield, SG, incidence and severity or IHN, and pith concentrations of P, K, Mg, Ca, S, Na, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe were determined. Clones differed significantly for yield, SG, and U-IN expression. Resistant clones were lower in IHN incidence than susceptible clones, but the clone X Ca interaction was not consistently significant within location-years. Incidence was fit with a classification and regression tree (CART) model with the 10 nutrients as regressors, which revealed that IHN-resistant clones had higher tuber concentrations of Mn and S, but lower P. These results suggest that resistance or susceptibility to IHN is a complex function of tuber tissue mineral status. Mn, S, and P may make a more important contribution to clonal IHN resistance than Ca. Additional work is needed to verify the potential for minimizing IHN by either nutrient management or genetic enhancement. C1 Virginia Tech, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sterrett, SB (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. EM vators@vt.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1471 EP 1478 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0093 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100005 ER PT J AU Ulloa, M AF Ulloa, Mauricio TI Heritability and correlations of agronomic and fiber traits in an okra-leaf upland cotton population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L; YIELD; ISOLINES; STRENGTH AB In cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the cost and time to develop and evaluate appropriate genetic populations have limited the number of intensive and complete heritability studies. Herein, three agronomic and 17 fiber quality traits were assessed for heritability and correlation analyses on progeny rows in an okra-leaf cotton population of 208 families. Progenies were advanced in succeeding generations by a single-seed descent. Comparison between F-2:3 and F-2:6 generations for individual traits and individual progeny by trait revealed significant differences between the two generations. Heritability estimates (h(2) > 0.60), and correlations within and between (r > 0.55) F-2:3 and F-2:6, generations have practical applications for the simultaneous improvement of multiple fiber traits. Fiber strength was positively correlated to 2.5 and 50% fiber span length and negatively correlated to short fiber content. Number of neps was positively correlated to number of seed coats, and short and immature fiber content, and negatively correlated to mean fiber fineness and maturity ratio. The genetic potential for improving agronomic and fiber traits may exist in populations with this alternative leaf morphology, okra-leaf type. Mass selection may be effective for improving most of the above traits (h(2) > 0.60). However, pedigree, sibs, and progeny tests need to be used to achieve higher genetic progress. Selection may be applied as early as the F-3 when selection units can be replicated. Thereafter, antagonistic trait correlations may become neutral or favorable in later generations, facilitating improvement of fiber quality. C1 USDA ARS WCIS Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Ulloa, M (reprint author), USDA ARS WCIS Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM mulloa@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1508 EP 1514 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0271 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100009 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Blechl, AE Fiedler, D Lin, J Sebesta, P De Soto, JF Chicaiza, O Dubcovsky, J AF Bregitzer, Phil Blechl, Ann E. Fiedler, Doug Lin, Jeanie Sebesta, Paul Fernandez De Soto, Jose Chicaiza, Oswaldo Dubcovsky, Jorge TI Changes in high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition can be genetically engineered without affecting wheat agronomic performance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; UBIQUITIN PROMOTER; L. PLANTS; EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; LINES; GENE AB The genomes of modem cultivars; have been painstakingly selected for the presence of favorable alleles at multiple loci, which interact to produce superior phenotypes. Genetic transformation provides a tool to introduce new genes without altering the original gene combinations. However, the random genetic and epigenctic changes sometimes generated by the transformation process have been associated with losses in agronomic performance. The agronomic performance of 50 transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines containing additional copies of native or modified high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) genes and the selectable marker bar, their untransformed parent 'Bobwhite', four lines containing only bar, and 10 null segregant lines were assessed in small plot trials over 2 yr and three locations. Most of the transgenic lines did not show significant changes in performance relative to Bobwhite, although the transgenic lines as a group tended toward lower performance. Null-segregant and bar-only lines performed similarly to Bobwhite. No relationship could be established between performance and particular transgenes or their expression levels. Despite the overall lower performance of the transgenic lines, many with agronomic performance equivalent to Bobwhite were identified. These findings suggest that extant techniques for genetic engineering of wheat are capable of producing agronomically competitive lines for use as cultivars or parents in breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83211 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, KSARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Calif El Centro, Desert Res & Extens Ctr, El Centro, CA 92246 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83211 USA. EM pbregit@uidaho.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1553 EP 1563 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.10-0361 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100014 ER PT J AU Kuhlman, LC Pring, DR Rooney, WL Tang, HV AF Kuhlman, Les C. Pring, Daryl R. Rooney, William L. Tang, Hoang V. TI Allelic frequency at the Rf3 and Rf4 loci and the genetics of A3 cytoplasmic fertility restoration in converted sorghum lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STERILITY-INDUCING CYTOPLASMS; CONVERSION; GENES AB Cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is integral to hybrid seed production. One such CMS, A3, is controlled by a two gene gametophytic fertility restoration system involving two restoration alleles, Rf3 and Rf4, which are required for individual male gamete viability. A survey of the allelic frequencies of Rf3 and Rf4 in the sorghum germplasm collection was undertaken using 140 lines from the Sorghum Conversion Program. These lines were hybridized to two testers, A3FL3 (Rf3Rf3rf4rf4) and A3FL4 (rf3rf3Rf4Rf4). The resulting hybrids were evaluated for I-2-KI pollen stainability and seed set to determine their fertility restoration reaction. Transcript analyses were performed on lines that contained restoration alleles to determine whether they fit the expected genetic model of fertility restoration. Three lines (SC306, SC512, and SC215) were found to restore fertility with both testers and thus contain both restoration alleles. The surveyed allelic frequency of Rf3 and Rf4 was 5.1 and 4.8%, respectively. Using transcript analyses, two exceptional lines were identified (SC306 and SC215) that carried Rf3 but did not confer enhanced transcript processing activity (TPA) of mitochondrial orf107. Enhanced TPA was thought to be tightly linked to or represent gene action of Rf3, but identification of these lines demonstrates that enhanced TPA is not required for fertility restoration and does not represent gene action of Rf3. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rooney, WL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 2474 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wlr@tamu.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1576 EP 1580 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.10-0380 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100017 ER PT J AU Verges, VL Van Sanford, D Brown-Guedira, G AF Verges, Virginia L. Van Sanford, David Brown-Guedira, Gina TI Heritability estimates and response to selection for fusarium head blight resistance in soft red winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; DIALLEL ANALYSIS; SCAB RESISTANCE; CULMORUM; MARKERS; BARLEY; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; GRAMINEARUM; RYE AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), is an economically important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). After epidemics in the USA during the 1990s, a resistance-breeding effort was undertaken focusing initially on the transfer of Type H resistance from unadapted Chinese cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and heritability of resistance in populations derived from adapted parents. Three soft red winter (SRW) wheat populations of 40 families each were artificially inoculated with Fusarium graminearum under mist irrigation in 2003 and 2004 at Lexington and Princeton, KY. Traits measured included anthesis date, plant height, disease severity, Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration. Broad sense heritability (BSH) estimates were generated from entry means over the four environments. Heritability of severity was approximately 0.30 in all populations; heritability of FDK ranged from 0.16 to 0.20. In 2003, a selection intensity of 20% was imposed on all populations, and the eight lowest severity families were advanced and evaluated at Lexington and Princeton in 2004. Direct selection response, averaged over both locations, ranged from 1.9 to 4.1% reduction in severity. Correlated reduction in FDK ranged from 0.4 to 6.5%; there was also a correlated increase in plant height of 1.7 to 4.1 cm after one cycle of selection. Progress in FHB resistance breeding in the absence of major QTL is likely to be constrained by low heritability and genotype X environment (G X E) interaction. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Lleida, Dept Crop Prod & Forestry, Ctr UdL IRTA, Lleida 25198, Spain. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Van Sanford, D (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dvs@uky.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1587 EP 1594 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11-0412 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100019 ER PT J AU Hill, CB Li, Y Hartman, GL AF Hill, Curtis B. Li, Yan Hartman, Glen L. TI A single dominant gene for resistance to the soybean aphid in the soybean cultivar Dowling SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; CORN-EARWORM; ANTIBIOSIS RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; GREENBUG; TOMATO; MI; ANTIXENOSIS; GERMPLASM AB The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), a new pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], rapidly spread throughout North America after its arrival in 2000 and caused millions of dollars in economic losses. At present, the application of insecticides is the only means to control the soybean aphid. However, genetic resistance to the aphid was recently discovered in soybean germplasm and the soybean cultivar Dowling was identified as having strong antibiosis-type aphid resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to the soybean aphid in Dowling. Resistance in F-1, F-2, and F-2-derived F-3 (F-2:3) families from crosses between Dowling and the two susceptible soybean cultivars Loda and Williams 82 was analyzed. All F-1 plants were resistant to the aphid. Heterogeneity of segregation of F-2 plants in 14 Dowling x Loda F-2 families was nonsignificant (P = 0.16), and pooled F-2 data, with 132 resistant to 45 susceptible plants, fit a 3:1 ratio (P = 0.90). F-2 plants from Dowling x Williams 82 segregated 135 resistant to 44 susceptible, also fitting a 3:1 ratio (P = 0.89). Segregation among the F-2:3 families fit a 1:2:1 monogenic inheritance pattern. These results indicated that a single dominant gene named Rag1 controlled resistance in Dowling. The monogenic dominant nature of resistance will enable breeders to rapidly convert existing susceptible cultivars to resistant cultivars using backcrossing procedures. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hill, CB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM curthill@uiuc.edu OI Li, Yan/0000-0002-1627-7763 NR 42 TC 108 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1601 EP 1605 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11-0421 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100021 ER PT J AU Hill, CB Li, Y Hartman, GL AF Hill, Curtis B. Li, Yan Hartman, Glen L. TI Soybean aphid resistance in soybean Jackson is controlled by a single dominant gene SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, has become established as a serious pest of soybean, Glycine mar (L.) Merr., since it was first found in North America in 2000 and has caused millions of dollars in economic losses. While the application of chemical insecticides is the only means to control the soybean aphid at present, genetic resistance to the aphid was recently discovered in soybean. A single dominant gene named Rag1 that controls resistance to the soybean aphid was found in the cultivar Dowling. Another cultivar found to have strong antibiosis-type resistance to the soybean aphid was Jackson. The primary objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to the soybean aphid in Jackson. Segregation of resistance was analyzed in F-2 and among F-2-derived F-3 (F-2:3) families produced from crosses between Jackson and the susceptible soybean cultivar Loda. Segregation of F-2 plants was 247 resistant to 97 susceptible and fit a 3:1 genetic ratio (P = 0.17). Segregation among F-2:3 families was not clear because a number of susceptible F-2 plants did not produce a sufficient amount of seed for progeny testing. Ignoring the susceptible class, the segregation of F-2:3 families fit a 1:2 (all resistant/segregating) ratio. These results indicated that a single dominant gene controlled resistance in Jackson. There is no known genetic relationship between Jackson and Dowling. The genetic relationship between Rag1 in Dowling and the gene in Jackson is unknown. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hill, CB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM curthill@uiuc.edu OI Li, Yan/0000-0002-1627-7763 NR 12 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1606 EP 1608 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11-0438 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100022 ER PT J AU Bonman, JM Bockelman, HE Goates, BJ Obert, DE McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Hijmans, RJ AF Bonman, J. Michael Bockelman, Harold E. Goates, Blair J. Obert, Don E. McGuire, Patrick E. Qualset, Calvin O. Hijmans, Robert J. TI Geographic distribution of common and dwarf bunt resistance in landraces of Triticum aestivum subsp aestivum SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Landrace accessions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) have been tested systematically for the past 25 yr for disease resistance. We analyzed the resistance of 10 759 common wheat accessions to common bunt (CB) caused by Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. and T. laevis Kuhn, and 8167 to dwarf bunt (DB) caused by T. controversa Kiihn with respect to geographic origin, relationship to color of awn, glume, and kernel of accessions, and phenotypic variation within areas of high frequency of resistance. A clear center of concentration was evident for CB resistance extending from Serbia and Montenegro through Macedonia, Turkey, and Iran with the highest frequency of resistance occurring in Kosovo province in Serbia and Montenegro (36%) and Bakhtaran province in Iran (40.8%). Compared to CB resistance (5.5% of total tested), DB resistance was more rare (1.3% of total tested). DB resistance was concentrated in accessions from Iran, Turkey, and Serbia and Montenegro with the highest frequency (58%) occurring in Hakkari province in southeastern Turkey. CB resistance was positively associated with lightly pigmented kernels and negatively associated with lightly pigmented awns and glumes. Analysis of accessions from areas with unusually high frequency of resistance suggested that DB resistant accessions from Hakkari are genetically diverse, whereas CB resistant accessions from Bakhtaran may be much less so. C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. RP Bonman, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 South 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM mbonman@uidaho.edu RI Hijmans, Robert/N-3299-2016; OI Hijmans, Robert/0000-0001-5872-2872 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1622 EP 1629 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0463 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100024 ER PT J AU Robertson-Hoyt, LA Jines, MP Balint-Kurti, PJ Kleinschmidt, CE White, DG Payne, GA Maragos, CM Molnar, TL Holland, JB AF Robertson-Hoyt, Leilani A. Jines, Michael P. Balint-Kurti, Peter J. Kleinschmidt, Craig E. White, Don G. Payne, Gary A. Maragos, Chris M. Molnar, Terence L. Holland, James B. TI QTL mapping for fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination resistance in two maize populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; CORN; MONILIFORME; VARIANCE; MARKERS; SAMPLES; CANCER; BIAS AB Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (synonym E moniliforme Sheldon) (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis) and E proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (teleomorph: G. intermedia) are fungal pathogens of maize (Zea mays L.) that cause ear rot and contaminate grain with fumonisins, mycotoxins that can harm animals and humans. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination in two maize populations, comprised of 213 BC1F1:2 families from the first backcross of GE440 to FR1064 (GEFR) and 143 recombinant inbred lines from the cross of NC300 to B104 (NCB). QTL mapping was used to study the genetic relationships between resistances to ear rot and fumonisin contamination and to investigate consistency of QTL across populations. In the GEFR population, seven QTL explained 47% of the phenotypic variation for mean ear rot resistance and nine QTL with one epistatic interaction explained 67% of the variation for mean fumonisin concentration. In the NCB population, five QTL explained 31% of the phenotypic variation for mean ear rot resistance and six QTL and three epistatic interactions explained 81% of the phenotypic variation for mean fumonisin concentration. Eight QTL in the GEFR population and five QTL in the NCB population affected both disease traits. At least three ear rot and two fumonisin contamination resistance QTL mapped to similar positions in the two populations. Two QTL, localized to chromosomes four and five, appeared to be consistent for both traits across both populations. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop Sci,Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol,Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Pioneer Genet, Pace, France. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop Sci,Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675; Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X NR 38 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1734 EP 1743 DI 10.2135/cropsci205.12-0450 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100037 ER PT J AU Joseph, LM Hymowitz, T Schmidt, MA Herman, EM AF Joseph, Leina M. Hymowitz, Theodore Schmidt, Monica A. Herman, Eliot M. TI Evaluation of Glycine germplasm for nulls of the immunodominant allergen P34/Gly m Bd 30k SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MAJOR SOYBEAN ALLERGEN; SOY-PROTEIN; THIOL PROTEASES; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; INTOLERANCE; PRECURSOR; PRODUCTS; FORMULAS AB Soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] seed contains an immunodominant human allergen P34 or Gly m Bd 30k (mentioned as P34) of the cysteine protease family. Of approximately 16266 accessions from USDA soybean germplasm screened, 12 P34 null lines were identified among soybean (G. max), wild annual (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.), and wild perennial Glycine spp. Glycine soja were low P34 expressers, while G. mar and wild perennial species had nondetectable levels of the allergenic protein. Further investigation of G. mar nulls by 2D-IEF/SDS PAGE showed all primary seed proteins present indicating that the loss of P34 was not due to large scale restructuring of protein content. Southern and northern analysis showed no large insertions or deletions to render the gene nonfunctional. The cDNA of both G. max nulls each showed the same six point mutations indicating the two nulls have a single origin. Of these six single nucleotide changes, four are predicted to result in an amino acid alteration. One such alteration results in a serine being replaced by a cysteine residue. The introduction of a cysteine residue might produce a mismatched disulfide bond formation producing an unstable P34 protein in the null soybean accessions. The isolation and introgression of soybean lines with low allergen levels will provide the basis for developing a low allergen line incorporated with other agronomically desirable traits in a breeding program. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Hymowitz, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM soyui@uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1755 EP 1763 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0500 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100039 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Casler, MD AF Jung, H. G. Casler, M. D. TI Maize stem tissues: Cell wall concentration and composition during development SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; INCREASING MATURITY; SORGHUM STEMS; LIGNIN; DEGRADABILITY; INTERNODES; DEPOSITION; GRASSES; POLYSACCHARIDES AB Grass maturation results in reduced cell wall degradability by ruminant livestock. Using a specific internode of maize (Zea mays L.) stems as a model, the pattern of grass stem tissue and cell wall development was characterized. The fourth elongated internode above ground level from three maize hybrids was sampled at 10 stages of development beginning when the internode was about 10 mm in length through physiological maturity from a 2-yr, replicated field trial at St. Paul, MN. Tissue development was characterized by light microscopy. Cell wall concentration and composition (polysaccharide sugar residues, lignin, ferulates, and p-coumarates) were determined. Internode length and cross-sectional area increased from Sampling Date I until the interval between Sampling Dates 5 and 6. During elongation only protoxylem vessels stained positive for lignin. After elongation, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and metaxylem tissues lignified, but phloem did not. Cell wall concentration increased until shortly after elongation ended. Cell wall lignin concentration declined over the first four samples, with an increase in glucose and xylose polysaccharide residues, before rising sharply until after elongation was complete. Ferulate cross-tinks of lignin to arabinoxylan increased 12-fold during elongation. Our results indicated that post-elongation development of sclerenchyma and rind-region parenchyma accounted for the majority of cell wall accumulation and lignification in maize stems. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA, ARS,Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA, ARS,Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jungx002@umn.edu NR 39 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 25 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1793 EP 1800 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.02-0085 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100044 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Casler, MD AF Jung, H. G. Casler, M. D. TI Maize stem tissues: Impact of development on cell wall degradability SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; KLASON LIGNIN; INTERNODES; POLYSACCHARIDES; DEPOSITION; RESIDUES; GRASSES; ESTERS; FORAGE AB Grass degradability declines as cell wall and lignin concentrations increase during maturation. The role of tissue development and lignification in decline of stem degradability was examined in maize (Zea mays L.) internodes sampled at 10 stages of growth from early elongation through plant physiological maturity. The fourth elongated internode above ground level was collected from three maize hybrids grown in a 2-yr, replicated field trial at St. Paul, MN. Internode cross-sections and ground samples were incubated in vitro for 24- and 96-h with rumen microbes. Tissue degradation was examined by light microscopy and degradability of cell wall polysaccharide components from ground internodes was determined. All tissues in elongating internodes were completely degradable except for protoxylem vessels, which was the only lignified tissue. After elongation, degradability of all tissues declined markedly except for phloem, which never lignified. Tissues with thick, lignified secondary walls (sclerenchyma and rind-region parenchyma) required longer incubation times for observable degradation. Cell wall polysaccharide components were highly degradable in immature internodes, but degradability declined after elongation and reached a minimum by Sampling Date 8, with glucose and xylose residues having the greatest reductions in degradability. Cell wall polysaccharide degradation was related to lignin concentration and ferulate cross-linking in a complex manner. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jungx002@umn.edu NR 28 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1801 EP 1809 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.02-0086 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100045 ER PT J AU Devine, TE McMurtrey, JE Mebrahtu, T Abney, TS Donald, P Starner, DE Hashem, FM Dadson, RB AF Devine, T. E. McMurtrey, J. E. Mebrahtu, T. Abney, T. S. Donald, P. Starner, D. E. Hashem, F. M. Dadson, R. B. TI Registration of 'Moon Cake' vegetable soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Devine, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,BARC West,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM devinet@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1810 EP 1811 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0080 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100046 ER PT J AU Erickson, CA Obert, D Burrup, DE Whitmore, JC Wesenberg, DM AF Erickson, C. A. Obert, D. Burrup, D. E. Whitmore, J. C. Wesenberg, D. M. TI Registration of 'Creel' barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Tetonia Res & Ext Ctr, Newdale, ID 83436 USA. RP Erickson, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM nsgcce@ars-grin.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1812 EP 1813 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0465 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100049 ER PT J AU Simpson, CE Baring, MR Schubert, AM Black, MC Melouk, HA Lopez, Y AF Simpson, C. E. Baring, M. R. Schubert, A. M. Black, M. C. Melouk, H. A. Lopez, Y. TI Registration of 'Tamrun OL 02' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Baring Soil & Crop Sci Dep, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agri Res Ext Ctr, Texas Coop Ext, Uvalde, TX 78802 USA. USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Simpson, CE (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. EM c-simpson@tamu.edu NR 4 TC 12 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1813 EP 1814 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02-0125 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100050 ER PT J AU Kindiger, B Gau, M Hasegawa, H Katsura, M Ueyama, Y Goto, K Sato, S Yoshiyama, T Terada, Y Tsurumi, Y Nakashima, K AF Kindiger, B. Gau, M. Hasegawa, H. Katsura, M. Ueyama, Y. Goto, K. Sato, S. Yoshiyama, T. Terada, Y. Tsurumi, Y. Nakashima, K. TI Registration of 'Nanryo' tall fescue SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Natl Agr Res Ctr Kyusyu Okinawa Reg, Kumamoto 8611102, Japan. Japan Grassland Agr & Forage Seed Assoc, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 0690822, Japan. Natl Agr Res Ctr Tohoku Reg, Morioka, Iwate 0200198, Japan. Japanese Natl Grassland Res Inst, Nishinasuno, Tochigi 3292793, Japan. Japan Grassland Agr & Forage Seed Assoc, Kumamoto Branch, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan. Nihon Univ, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2520183, Japan. RP Kindiger, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM bryan.kindiger@ars.usda.gov OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1815 EP 1816 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09.0344 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100052 ER PT J AU Carver, BF Smith, EL Hunger, RM Klatt, AR Edwards, JT Porter, DR Verchot-Lubicz, J Rayas-Duarte, P Bai, GH Martin, BC Krenzer, EG Seabourn, BW AF Carver, B. F. Smith, E. L. Hunger, R. M. Klatt, A. R. Edwards, J. T. Porter, D. R. Verchot-Lubicz, J. Rayas-Duarte, P. Bai, G. -H. Martin, B. C. Krenzer, E. G. Seabourn, B. W. TI Registration of 'Endurance' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Carver, BF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bfc@okstate.edu RI Verchot, Jeanmarie/I-4583-2012 OI Verchot, Jeanmarie/0000-0001-8789-3144 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1816 EP 1818 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0452CRC PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100053 ER PT J AU Carver, BF Hunger, RM Smith, EL Klatt, AR Edwards, JT Porter, DR Rayas-Duarte, P Verchot-Lubicz, J Martin, BC Krenzer, EG Seabourn, BW AF Carver, B. F. Hunger, R. M. Smith, E. L. Klatt, A. R. Edwards, J. T. Porter, D. R. Rayas-Duarte, P. Verchot-Lubicz, J. Martin, B. C. Krenzer, E. G. Seabourn, B. W. TI Registration of 'Deliver' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Carver, BF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bfc@okstate.edu RI Verchot, Jeanmarie/I-4583-2012 OI Verchot, Jeanmarie/0000-0001-8789-3144 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1819 EP 1820 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01-0016CRC PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100055 ER PT J AU Edme, SJ Gilbert, RA Comstock, JC Glaz, B Tai, PYP Miller, JD Dunckelman, JW Davidson, JO AF Edme, S. J. Gilbert, R. A. Comstock, J. C. Glaz, B. Tai, P. Y. P. Miller, J. D. Dunckelman, J. W. Davidson, J. O. TI Registration of 'CP 98-1029' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1821 EP 1822 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.03-0046 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100057 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Johnson, EOC AF Nelson, R. L. Johnson, E. O. C. TI Registration of soybean germplasm lines LG97-7012, LG98-1445, and LG98-1605 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKERS; RAPD C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, SoybeanMaize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, SoybeanMaize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rlnelson@uiuc.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1822 EP 1824 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0221 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100058 ER PT J AU Carson, ML Balint-Kurti, PJ Blanco, M Millard, M Duvick, S Holley, R Hudyncia, J Goodman, MM AF Carson, M. L. Balint-Kurti, P. J. Blanco, M. Millard, M. Duvick, S. Holley, R. Hudyncia, J. Goodman, M. M. TI Registration of nine high-yielding tropical by temperate maize germplasm lines adapted for the southern USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Henderson, KY 42420 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM peter_balintkurti@ncsu.edu NR 5 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1825 EP 1826 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0283 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100060 ER PT J AU Mornhinweg, DW Obert, DE Wesenberg, DM Erickson, CA Porter, DR AF Mornhinweg, D. W. Obert, D. E. Wesenberg, D. M. Erickson, C. A. Porter, D. R. TI Registration of seven winter feed barley germplasms resistant to Russian wheat aphid SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Mornhinweg, DW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Do.Mornhinweg@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1826 EP 1827 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0447 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100061 ER PT J AU Percy, RG Mayo, OL Ulloa, M Cantrell, RG AF Percy, R. G. Mayo, O. L. Ulloa, M. Cantrell, R. G. TI Registration of AGC85, AGC208, and AGC375 upland cotton germplasm lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Coastal Plain Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Percy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM rpercy@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1828 EP 1829 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0483 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100062 ER PT J AU Jan, CC Gulya, TJ AF Jan, C. C. Gulya, T. J. TI Registration of a sunflower germplasm resistant to rust, downy mildew, and virus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janc@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1829 EP 1829 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0509 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100063 ER PT J AU Jan, CC Vick, BA AF Jan, C. C. Vick, B. A. TI Registration of seven cytoplasmic male-sterile and four fertility restoration sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janc@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1829 EP 1830 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0510 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100064 ER PT J AU Kolb, FL Brown, CM Smith, NJ Domier, LL AF Kolb, F. L. Brown, C. M. Smith, N. J. Domier, L. L. TI Registration of seven barley yellow dwarf virus tolerant oat germplasm lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM f-kolb@uiuc.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1830 EP 1831 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01-0049 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100065 ER PT J AU Kolb, FL Brown, CM Smith, NJ Domier, LL AF Kolb, F. L. Brown, C. M. Smith, N. J. Domier, L. L. TI Registration of six sets of near-isogenic spring oat germplasm lines differing in tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM f-kolb@uiuc.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1831 EP 1832 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01-0051 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100066 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Dahlquist, GH Tomasi, PM AF Dierig, D. A. Dahlquist, G. H. Tomasi, P. M. TI Registration of WCL-LO3 high oil Lesquerella fendleri germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM ddierig@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1832 EP 1833 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02-0103 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100067 ER PT J AU Jan, CC Gulya, TJ AF Jan, C. C. Gulya, T. J. TI Registration of three virus resistant sunflower genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janc@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1834 EP 1835 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0506 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100069 ER PT J AU Jan, CC Miller, JF Seiler, GJ Fick, GN AF Jan, C. C. Miller, J. F. Seiler, G. J. Fick, G. N. TI Registration of one cytoplasmic male-sterile and two fertility restoration sunflower genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Seeds 2000, Breckenridge, MN 56520 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janc@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1835 EP 1835 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0507 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100070 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Salywon, AM De Rodriquez, DJ AF Dierig, D. A. Salywon, A. M. De Rodriquez, D. Jasso TI Registration of a mutant Lesquerella genetic stock with cream flower color SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro Buenavista, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM ddierig@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1836 EP 1837 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02-0105 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 063XV UT WOS:000239054100072 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Smith, DJ Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Smith, DJ Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ TI Effects of ractopamine HCl on Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella in vitro and on intestinal populations and fecal shedding in experimentally infected sheep and pigs SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE; HOST AB The effects of the beta-agonist ractopamine, approved for use in finishing swine and cattle to improve carcass quality and performance, were examined on two important foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Ractopamine, administered to sheep before and after oral inoculation with E. coli O157:H7, increased (P < 0.01) fecal shedding and tended to increase (P = 0.08) cecal populations of the challenge strain. Pigs receiving ractopamine in the diet and then experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium, had decreased (P < 0.05) fecal shedding and fewer (P = 0.05) liver samples positive for the challenge strain of Salmonella. Pure cultures of E. coli O157:H7 (used in the present sheep study), E. coli O157:H19 (isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhea), Salmonella Typhimurium (used in the present pig study), and Salmonella Choleraesuis were incubated with varying concentrations of ractopamine to determine if ractopamine has a direct effect on bacterial growth. No differences in growth rate were observed for either strain of E. coli or for Salmonella Typhimurium when incubated with increasing concentrations of ractopamine. The growth rate for Salmonella Choleraesuis was increased with the addition of 2.0 mu g ractopamine/ml compared with the other concentrations examined. Collectively, these results indicate that ractopamine may influence gut populations and fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Because ractopamine is currently approved to be fed to finishing cattle and swine immediately before slaughter, any potential for decreasing foodborne pathogens has exciting food safety implications. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s00284-006-0019-4 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 053PN UT WOS:000238317200015 PM 16775793 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JC Eshed-Williams, L Grigg, SP Xie, MT Christensen, S AF Fletcher, Jennifer C. Eshed-Williams, Leor Grigg, Stephen P. Xie, Mingtang Christensen, Sioux TI MicroRNA regulation of plant stem cell populations SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUN 17-21, 2006 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Soc Dev Biol C1 USDA UC Berkeley, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 MA 23 BP 331 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.034 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 063DL UT WOS:000238996200047 ER PT J AU Dunk, JR Zielinski, WJ Welsh, HH AF Dunk, Jeffrey R. Zielinski, William J. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI Evaluating reserves for species richness and representation in northern California SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; hotspot; mollusc; Northwest Forest Plan; representation; reserves; salamander; species richness; umbrella species ID BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; RARE MOLLUSKS; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; ENDEMISM; RARITY; COINCIDENCE; PATTERNS; PRIORITY; AREAS AB The Klamath-Siskiyou forests of northern California and southern Oregon are recognized as an area of globally outstanding biological distinctiveness. When evaluated at a national or global level, this region is often, necessarily, considered to be uniformly diverse. Due to large variation in biotic and abiotic variables throughout this region, however, it is unlikely that biological diversity is uniformly distributed. Furthermore, land management decisions nearly always occur at spatial scales smaller than this entire region. Therefore, we used field data from a random sampling design to map the distribution of local and regional richness of terrestrial molluscs and salamanders within northern California's portion of the Klamath-Siskiyou region. We also evaluated the protection afforded by reserves established for varying reasons (e.g. for inspiration and recreation for people vs. species conservation) to hotspots of species richness and species representation of these taxa. No existing reserves were created with these taxa in mind, yet it was assumed that reserves established largely around considerations for the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) would afford adequate protection for many lesser-known species. Species of terrestrial molluscs and salamanders share two general features: (1) they have extremely low vagility, and (2) they are often associated with moist, cool microclimates. Existing reserves disproportionately included areas of hotspots of species richness for both taxa, when hotspots included the richest c. 25% of the area, whereas non-reserved lands contained greater than expected areas with lower species richness. However, when a more strict definition of hotspot was used (i.e. the richest c.10% of areas), local hotspots for both taxa were not disproportionately found in reserves. Reserves set aside largely for human aesthetics and recreation and those set aside for biodiversity both contributed to the protection of areas with high (greatest 25%) species richness. Existing biodiversity reserves represented 68% of mollusc species and 73% of salamander species, corresponding to the 99th and 93rd percentiles, respectively, of species representation achieved by simulating a random distribution of the same total area of reservation. Cumulatively, however, reserves set aside for inspiration and biodiversity represented 83% of mollusc species and 91% of salamander species. The existing reserves provide conservation value for terrestrial molluscs and salamanders. This reserve network, however, should not be considered optimal for either taxa. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Dunk, JR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM jdunk@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00263.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059PM UT WOS:000238744700012 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MW Iverson, LR Prasad, AM Matthews, SN O'Connor, RJ AF Schwartz, Mark W. Iverson, Louis R. Prasad, Anantha M. Matthews, Stephen N. O'Connor, Raymond J. TI Predicting extinctions as a result of climate change SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate and environmental models; climate change; distribution breadth; eastern United States; endemic; extinction; prediction uncertainty; regression tree; vulnerability ID RANDOM FORESTS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; SCENARIOS; RESPONSES; ENVELOPE; TREE AB Widespread extinction is a predicted ecological consequence of global warming. Extinction risk under climate change scenarios is a function of distribution breadth. Focusing on trees and birds of the eastern United States, we used joint climate and environment models to examine fit and climate change vulnerability as a function of distribution breadth. We found that extinction vulnerability increases with decreasing distribution size. We also found that model fit decreases with decreasing distribution size, resulting in high prediction uncertainty among narrowly distributed species. High prediction uncertainty creates a conservation dilemma in that excluding these species under-predicts extinction risk and favors mistaken inaction on global warming. By contrast, including narrow endemics results in over-predicting extinction risk and promotes mistaken inaction on behalf of individual species prematurely considered doomed to extinction. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Schwartz, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mwschwartz@ucdavis.edu RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011; Matthews, Stephen/D-1050-2012; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542; Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 26 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1611 EP 1615 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1611:PEAARO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069OK UT WOS:000239457900001 PM 16922312 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, DM AF Blumenthal, DM TI Interactions between resource availability and enemy release in plant invasion SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE biological control; evolution of increased competitive ability; exotic species; growth rate; introduced species; natural enemies hypothesis; plant defence; specialist and generalist herbivores; tissue nutrient content; weed ID LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ANTI-HERBIVORE DEFENSE; RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; EXOTIC PLANTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIHERBIVORE DEFENSE; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Understanding why some exotic species become invasive is essential to controlling their populations. This review discusses the possibility that two mechanisms of invasion, release from natural enemies and increased resource availability, may interact. When plants invade new continents, they leave many herbivores and pathogens behind. Species most regulated by enemies in their native range have the most potential for enemy release, and enemy regulation may be strongest for high-resource species. High resource availability is associated with low defence investment, high nutritional value, high enemy damage and consequently strong enemy regulation. Therefore, invasive plant species adapted to high resource availability may also gain most from enemy release. Strong release of high-resource species would predict that: (i) both enemy release and resources may underlie plant invasion, leading to potential interactions among control measures; (ii) increases in resource availability due to disturbance or eutrophication may increase the advantage of exotic over native species; (iii) exotic species will tend to have high-resource traits relative to coexisting native species; and (iv) although high-resource plants may experience strong enemy release in ecological time, well-defended low-resource plants may have stronger evolutionary responses to the absence of enemies. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Blumenthal, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dana.blumenthal@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 97 TC 124 Z9 133 U1 14 U2 122 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7 BP 887 EP 895 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00934.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052SF UT WOS:000238253500015 PM 16796578 ER PT J AU Michael, DD Alvarez, IM Ocon, OM Powell, AM Talbot, NC Johnson, SE Ealy, AD AF Michael, Donna D. Alvarez, Idania M. Ocon, Olga M. Powell, Anne M. Talbot, Neil C. Johnson, Sally E. Ealy, Alan D. TI Fibroblast growth factor-2 is expressed by the bovine uterus and stimulates interferon-tau production in bovine trophectoderm SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; EARLY-PREGNANCY; IFN-TAU; IN-VITRO; BLASTOCYST IMPLANTATION; NUCLEAR TRANSFER; GENE-EXPRESSION; PORCINE UTERINE; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT UTERUS AB Uterine-derived factors are essential for conceptus development and secretion of the maternal recognition-of-pregnancy factor, interferon-tau (IFNT), in ruminant species. The objectives of this study were to determine whether fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is expressed in the bovine uterus during early pregnancy in cattle and to determine whether FGF-2 supplementation affects IFNT mRNA and protein abundance in bovine trophectoderm. FGF-2 mRNA was present in endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and was localized to the luminal and glandular endometrial epithelium at d17-18 after estrus in pregnant and nonpregnant cows. Immunoreactive FGF-2 protein was detected within the endometrium and in the uterine lumen at d17-18 after estrus, and concentrations did not differ based on pregnancy status. In a bovine trophectoderm cell line, CT-1, supplementation of medium with at least 1 ng/ml FGF-2 increased the incorporation of [H-3] thymidine into DNA. Similarly, IFNT secretion from CT-1 cells increased after FGF-2 supplementation (1-100 ng/ml) for 72 h. Abundance of IFNT mRNA in CT-1 cells increased after 24 h exposure to 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml FGF-2. In bovine blastocysts, FGF-2 supplementation did not affect cell number after 72 h of culture but did stimulate IFNT protein concentrations in conditioned medium. In summary, FGF-2 is present in the uterine lumen during early pregnancy and increases IFNT mRNA and protein abundance in trophectoderm. The magnitude by which FGF-2 stimulates IFNT expression suggests that this uterine-derived factor plays an active role in regulating the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in ruminants. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ealy, AD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ealy@animal.ufl.edu NR 57 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 147 IS 7 BP 3571 EP 3579 DI 10.1210/en.2006-0234 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 053NS UT WOS:000238312400047 PM 16574787 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL AF Dearfield, K. L. TI USDA - Opportunities for food-borne pathogen genomics. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900033 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Bennett, ER Cooper, CM Smith, S Farris, JL Drouillard, KG Schulz, R AF Moore, MT Bennett, ER Cooper, CM Smith, S Farris, JL Drouillard, KG Schulz, R TI Influence of vegetation in mitigation of methyl parathion runoff SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE constructed wetlands; methyl parathion; plants; rernediation ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; WETLAND MESOCOSMS; AQUATIC PLANTS; ACUTE TOXICITY; PESTICIDES; FATE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; CHLORPYRIFOS; ATMOSPHERE AB A pesticide runoff event was simulated on two 10 in x 50 in constructed wetlands (one non-vegetated, one vegetated) to evaluate the fate of methyl parathion (MeP) (Penncap-M (R)). Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected at five sites downstream of the inflow for 120 d. Semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at each wetland outflow to determine exiting pesticide load. MeP was detected in water at all locations of the non-vegetated wetland (50 m), 30 min post-exposure. MeP was detected 20 in from the vegetated wetland inflow 30 min post-exposure, while after 10 d it was detected only at 10 in. MeP was measured only in SPMDs deployed in non-vegetated wetland cells, suggesting detectable levels were not present near the vegetated wetland outflow. Furthermore, mass balance calculations indicated vegetated wetlands were more effective in reducing aqueous loadings of MeP introduced into the wetland systems. This demonstrates the importance of vegetation as sorption sites for pesticides in constructed wetlands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, D-76829 Landau, Germany. Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Res Inst, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mtmoore@ars.usda.gov; ebennett70@hotmail.com; ccooper@ars.usda.gov; ssmith@ars.usda.gov; jlfarris@astate.edu; kgd@uwindsor.ca; r.schulz@uni-landau.de RI Schulz, Ralf/G-3674-2011 NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 142 IS 2 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 045WA UT WOS:000237772200011 PM 16314013 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Borges, SL Bennett, RS Torrez, M Williams, BI Leffel, R AF Vyas, Nimish B. Spann, James W. Hulse, Craig S. Borges, Shannon L. Bennett, Richard S. Torrez, Martin Williams, Bruce I. Leffel, Robert TI Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE birds; cholinesterase; mortality; residues; risk quotient ID CANADA GEESE; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; TURF APPLICATION; DIAZINON AG500; PESTICIDE; CONSEQUENCES; MORTALITY; PARATHION AB We conducted two laboratory subacute dietary toxicity tests and one outdoor subacute dietary toxicity test to determine the effectiveness of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's deterministic risk assessment model for evaluating the potential of adverse effects to birds in the field. We tested technical-grade diazinon and its D.Z.N (R) 50W (50% diazinon active ingredient wettable powder) formulation on Canada goose (Branta canadensis) goslings. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was measured, and the feathers and skin, feet, and gastrointestinal contents were analyzed for diazinon residues. The dose-response curves showed that diazinon was significantly more toxic to goslings in the outdoor test than in the laboratory tests. The deterministic risk assessment method identified the potential for risk to birds in general, but the factors associated with extrapolating from the laboratory to the field, and from the laboratory test species to other species, resulted in the underestimation of risk to the goslings. The present study indicates that laboratory-based risk quotients should be interpreted with caution. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Shore Virginia Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nimish_vyas@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1762 EP 1771 DI 10.1897/05-230R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200010 PM 16833136 ER PT J AU Block, G Dietrich, M Norkus, E Jensen, C Benowitz, NL Morrow, JD Hudes, M Packer, L AF Block, G Dietrich, M Norkus, E Jensen, C Benowitz, NL Morrow, JD Hudes, M Packer, L TI Intraindividual variability of plasma antioxidants, markers of oxidative stress, C-reactive protein, cotinine, and other biomarkers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; VITAMIN-C; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MEASUREMENT ERROR; ASCORBIC-ACID; BETA-CAROTENE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; F-2-ISOPROSTANES AB Background: Within-person variability in biomarkers results m random error that can attenuate estimates of association. Little information on such variability is available for a number of nutrition-related biomarkers. Methods: Blood samples obtained 2 to 4 weeks apart were analyzed for tocopherols, carotenoids, ascorbate, lipids, cotinine, C-reactive protein, and oxidative stress. Subjects (n = 206 men and women, mean age 45.4 years) were either smokers or passively exposed to smoke. We calculated intraindividual and interindividual variability and the number of measurements required to reduce attenuation. Results: For most biomarkers, 2 measurements would be required to limit the attenuation of correlation coefficients to no lower than 90% of the true correlation. If only one measurement were obtained, observed correlations would be approximately 80-88% of true correlations. For regression coefficients, 3 or 4 measures would be required. Exceptions were ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde, for which a single measure resulted in little attenuation. Conclusions: For most serum markers, collection of 2 or more measurements per person is desirable to increase the ability to detect associations between biomarkers and health-related variables. If only one measure is possible, sample sizes should be planned to permit detection of associations that are likely to be observed, not the theoretical true associations. The results of this study, in which measurements were obtained 2 to 4 weeks apart, are relevant for epidemiologic research in which the exposure of interest is the subject's baseline or current status. It is likely that within-person variability would be greater over a period of months or years. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Our Lady Mercy Med Ctr, Dept Med Res, Bronx, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Div Pharmacol, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Pharm, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Toxicol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Block, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 426 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gblock@berkeley.edu RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA77839, R03 CA94612]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR00095]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA9561]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK48831]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM15431] NR 34 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 404 EP 412 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000220655.53323.c9 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 059NX UT WOS:000238740600010 PM 16755268 ER PT J AU Seiler, GJ Campbell, LG AF Seiler, Gerald J. Campbell, Larry G. TI Genetic variability for mineral concentration in the forage of Jerusalem artichoke cultivars SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE breeding; genetic variance; Helianthus tuberosus; livestock feed ID HELIANTHUS-TUBEROSUS; FIELD STORAGE; GROWTH; ALLOCATION; WILD; GENOTYPES AB One of the potential uses of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is as a forage crop. Information on inherent differences in forage nutritional quality is essential if the quality of the forage is to be improved through breeding. The objectives of this study were to determine the genotypic variability among and within forage of Jerusalem artichoke cultivars for the concentration of N, P, Ca, Mg, K and the Ca/P ratio at flowering, to determine if selection among and within cultivars is feasible, to estimate the magnitude of the genotype x environment interaction, and to examine the relationships among mineral concentrations in the forage. Ten cultivated Jerusalem artichoke cultivars grown in an irrigated field nursery at Bushland, TX were evaluated for N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and the Ca/P ratio in the forage at flowering over a 2-yr period. Cultivars, cultivar x year, and error variances were estimated to calculate the phenotypic variance. Estimates of the within-population variances were also determined. The adequacy of Jerusalem artichoke forage at flowering for maintenance of a ruminant animal was classified as follows: N, Ca, Mg, K as adequate, P inadequate, and the Ca/P ratio as excessive. There were genotypic differences among the ten cultivars for N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and the Ca/P ratio for both years and averaged across years. The magnitude of the genotypic variance components indicated that a substantial proportion of the total variation for these elements was due to cultivar, indicating the possibility of improving these elements. However, further studies on heritability and response to selection will be required before conclusions can be reached concerning the likelihood of successfully breeding for these traits. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 N 18th St, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM seilerg@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUL PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9119-2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 082OL UT WOS:000240396100028 ER PT J AU Paulitz, TC AF Paulitz, TC TI Low input no-till cereal production in the Pacific Northwest of the US: The challenges of root diseases SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Beneficial Interactions Below Ground CY MAR 07-09, 2005 CL Geneveys sur Coffrane, SWITZERLAND SP SUSVAR DE direct-seed; no-till; cereal cropping systems; soilborne fungal pathogens of wheat and barley; Pythium root rot; Rhizoctonia bare patch and root rot; Fusarium crown rot; take-all; Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici; Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizoctonia oryzae; Ceratobasidium spp; Fusarium culmorum; Fusarium pseudograminearum; Pythium spp; real-time quantitative PCR; ITS sequencing; spatial analysis; Global Positioning System ID RHIZOCTONIA BARE PATCH; FUSARIUM FOOT ROT; WHEAT-FIELD SOILS; EASTERN WASHINGTON; WINTER-WHEAT; CROP-ROTATION; FOLIAR DISEASES; TAKE-ALL; PYTHIUM; BARLEY AB Direct-seeding or no-till is defined as planting directly into residue of the previous crop without tillage that mixes or stirs soil prior to planting. No-till reduces soil erosion, improves soil structure and organic matter, and reduces fuel inputs. No-till is widely used in cereal production in Australia, Canada, Argentina, and Brazil, but has not been widely adopted in Europe and the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. One of the limitations is that root diseases may increase with a reduction in tillage. This paper discusses the importance and management of take-all, Fusarium dryland foot rot, Rhizoctonia bare patch and root rot, and Pythium root rot in dryland cereal production systems, and how they are influenced by changes in tillage practices. To address this challenge, specifically with Rhizoctonia and Pythium, our research group has (1) developed classical and molecular techniques to detect and quantify Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp. from the soil to assess disease risk; (2) studied the disease dynamics of root disease during the transition from conventional to no-till; (3) developed greenhouse methods to screen germplasm for tolerance or resistance to Pythium and Rhizoctonia, and (4) using GPS and geostatistics, has examined the spatial distribution of R. solani and R. oryzae at a field scale up to 36 ha, across a number of crop rotations and years. By a combination of ecological, epidemiological, field, and laboratory studies, we hope to provide growers with a set of disease management tools to permit the economical and sustainable production of dryland cereals without degradation of the soil resource. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Rm 363 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 115 IS 3 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s10658-006-9023-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 060BF UT WOS:000238775500001 ER PT J AU Nemchinov, LG Paape, MJ Sohn, EJ Bannerman, DD Zarlenga, DS Hammond, RW AF Nemchinov, Lev G. Paape, Max J. Sohn, Eun J. Bannerman, Douglas D. Zarlenga, Dante S. Hammond, Rosemarie W. TI Bovine CD14 receptor produced in plants reduces severity of intramammary bacterial infection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE potato virus X; plant-derived therapeutic; coliform mastitis; apoptosis; LPS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ENDOTOXIN; COWS; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; MASTITIS; VACCINES; MICE AB CD14 is a high-affinity receptor protein for the complex of bacterial LPS (LPS) and LPS binding protein in animals. Binding of the soluble form of CD14 (sCD14) to LPS, found in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria, enhances host innate immune responses, reduces the severity of mastitis, and facilitates clearance and neutralization of LPS, thus protecting against an excessive immune response to LPS and development of endotoxic shock. A truncated form of sCD14, carrying a histidine residue affinity tag for purification, was incorporated into Potato virus X for transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Western blots probed with CD14-specific antibodies demonstrated that crude plant extracts and affinity-purified samples contained immunoreactive sCD14. Biological activity of plant-derived recombinant bovine sCD14 (PrbosCD14) was demonstrated in vitro by LPS-induced apoptosis and interleukin (IL) -8 production in bovine endothelial cells, and in vivo by enhancement of LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment. Finally, in PrbosCD14-infused glands subsequently infected with E. coli, lower numbers of viable bacteria were recovered and there was an absence of clinical symptoms, demonstrating prophylactic efficacy of PrbosCD14. This is the first report of a functionally active animal receptor protein made in plants and the prophylactic use of a plant-derived protein to reduce the severity of bacterial infections in animals. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Rm 214 ,Bldg 004 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hammondr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1345 EP 1351 DI 10.1096/fj.05-5295com PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 080RP UT WOS:000240266000011 PM 16816109 ER PT J AU Glenney, GW Petrie-Hanson, L AF Glenney, GW Petrie-Hanson, L TI Fate of intraperitoneally injected fluorescent microspheres in developing Ictalurus punctatus SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phagocytosis; innate immunity; fluorescent microspheres; Ictalurus punctatus; intraperitoneal injection; cytochemical stain; clearance ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; MELANO-MACROPHAGE CENTERS; LYMPHOID ORGANS; ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT; TELEOST; FISH; MECHANISMS; SYSTEM AB Fluorescent microspheres (FMS) were injected intraperitoneally into channel catfish try at 2 days post hatch (dph), 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks post hatch (wph). The FMS were observed in the vasculature almost immediately after injection in all age groups except 2 dph. Fluorescent microspheres were observed within mononuclear phagocytes in the vasculature after 0.16 dph in all age groups. Fluorescent microspheres were first phagocytized in the coelomic cavity immediately after injection, while the majority of coelomic FMS were phagocytized between 0.16 and 1 dph for all ages. Enzyme cytochemical staining indicated that both polymorphonuclear (neutrophilic granulocytes) and mononuclear phagocytes had phagocytized FMS in the coelomic cavity and organs, with a predominance of FMS found in mononuclear phagocytic cells in all age groups across all sample periods. The predominant organs associated with the observed cellular responses were the posterior kidney, spleen, and anterior kidney. Splenic organization and melanomacrophage development and activity were more pronounced as the fish aged from 2 wph on. Particulate clearance rates were faster in the 2 dph and 1 wph fish than the older ages of fish. These results suggest that to facilitate particulate retention, channel catfish should be vaccinated at 4 wph or older. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Glenney, GW (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM gglenney@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; lora@cvm.msstate.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.10.003 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 032XW UT WOS:000236811000004 PM 16426864 ER PT J AU Anderson, AK Guraya, HS AF Anderson, AK Guraya, HS TI Effects of microwave heat-moisture treatment on properties of waxy and non-waxy rice starches SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microwave; heat-moisture; waxy starch; non-waxy starch ID RESISTANT STARCH; STEAM-COOKING; DIGESTIBILITY; RETROGRADATION; AVAILABILITY; VISCOSITY; INVITRO; MAIZE; WHEAT AB Waxy and non-waxy rice starches adjusted to 20% moisture (wet basis, w.b.) were heat-moisture treated in a microwave oven to determine the effects of the microwave heating characteristics on digestibility, pasting, and morphological properties of the heated starches. Microwave heating produced only minimal changes in digestibility as well as the physical characteristics of heated starches. Significant changes in viscosity properties after microwave heat treatment were observed for both waxy and non-waxy starches heat-treated in a microwave oven, relative to non-treated samples. Non-waxy starch heated in microwave oven showed an increase in breakdown viscosity from 29.8 RVU (non-treated starch) to 35.8 RVU after heating for 60 min. However, for waxy starch, breakdown viscosity decreased from 112.7 to 35.9 RVU after 60 min of microwave heat treatment, reflecting an increased stability of microwave heat-treated starch under cooking. The data obtained in this study indicate that there was much higher re-aggregation of starch granules in waxy starch after microwave heat treatment than occurred in non-waxy starch, suggesting a re-association of amylopectin branch chains in the heat-treated waxy starch. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA. RP Anderson, AK (reprint author), Kuwait Univ, Coll Women, Dept Family Sci, POB 5969, Kuwait 13060, Kuwait. EM aanderson@cfw.kuniv.edu NR 22 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.025 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 017GI UT WOS:000235681700017 ER PT J AU Johnson, DD Miller, RF AF Johnson, DD Miller, RF TI Structure and development of expanding western juniper woodlands as influenced by two topographic variables SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE succession; Sagebrush-Steppe; restoration; Intermountain West; shrubland; woodland succession ID VOLCANIC-NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; GREAT-BASIN; PINYON; CALIFORNIA; INDEX; FIRE; ENCROACHMENT; PRODUCTIVITY AB Juniper and pinon woodlands have been expanding throughout the Intermountain West, USA since the late 1800s. Although causal factors attributed to woodland expansion have been documented, data are lacking that describe the influence of topographic features on rates of development and structural attributes of expanding woodlands. Our primary objective was to determine the relationship between stand-level developmental and structural attributes of four expanding western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) woodlands with two topographic features commonly important to forest vegetation patterns, site exposure (an index of insolation exposure based on slope and aspect) and elevation. To accomplish this we measured tree density and age across four western juniper woodlands in Oregon and Idaho. Site exposure and elevation were consistently correlated with spatial and temporal components of woodland development and structure. Holding slope constant, a shift from a north to south aspect resulted in a 4.9 trees/ha/year decrease in tree establishment at a similar elevation. A 200 m rise in elevation was associated with a 1.8 trees/ha/year increase in tree establishment with similar exposure. A 100 m rise in elevation was associated with a 5-year decrease in the time required for a stand to reach dominance and a 22% increase in dominant tree density among stands with similar site exposure. Although significant, site exposure and elevation only explained a portion of the process of woodland dynamics. However, our data suggest exposure and elevation are contributing variables influencing woodland expansion across landscapes, resulting in spatial and temporal heterogeneity in stand structure and development. Models of woodland expansion incorporating landscape topographic features may be practical for identifying windows of opportunity for less costly restoration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Range Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Miller, RF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Range Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM richard.miller@oregonstate.edu NR 52 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.008 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900002 ER PT J AU Shifley, SR Fan, ZF Kabrick, JM Jensen, RG AF Shifley, SR Fan, ZF Kabrick, JM Jensen, RG TI Oak mortality risk factors and mortality estimation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mortality model; CART; oak decline; Ozark ID GROWTH AB Managers are often concerned about oak mortality in maturing mixed-oak forests, but they often lack explicit information about mortality risk for oaks that differ in species, size, crown class, competitive status, and growth rate. In eastern North America, tree species in the red oak group (Quercus Section Lobatae) are typically shorter lived than those in the white oak group (Section Quercus), and red oak group mortality can be greatly exacerbated during episodes of oak decline. We analyzed factors associated with red oak group mortality for two large data sets from the Ozark Highlands and identified groups of trees that differed significantly in mortality risk. One data set was from a large, upland Ozark forest with more than four decades of uneven-aged management, and the other was representative of relatively undisturbed upland oak forests in the same ecoregion. Neither location experienced significant episodes of oak decline during the period of observation, and our results represent endemic mortality for mature (sawtimber size) forests in the region. We found that mortality rates for trees in the red oak group were four to six times greater than mortality rates for associated trees in the white oak group. We also found that red oak group mortality was significantly related to tree crown class, tree diameter, and basal area of larger competitors. When recent tree dbh growth was known, it significantly increased the ability to predict future mortality for some classes of trees. Annual mortality rates for different classes of trees in the red oak group ranged from 0.4 to 10.7%. Classes of trees in the red oak group that were most likely to die (in rank) were as follows: trees with dbh growth < 0.2 cm per year; suppressed trees; trees with intermediate crown class and basal area of larger competitors > 14m(2)/ha; dominant and codominant trees > 25 cm dbh with basal area of larger competitors < 14m(2)/ha; trees with intermediate crown class and basal area of larger competitors < 14m(2)/ha; dominant and codominant trees > 25cm dbh with basal area of larger competitors < 15m(2)/ha; dominant and codominant trees < 25cm dbh with basal area of larger competitors > 15m(2)/ha; dominant and codominant trees < 25cm dbh with basal area of larger competitors < 15m(2)/ha; and trees with annual dbh growth greater than 0.6 cm (assuming recent dbh growth is known). This information can be used when preparing silvicultural prescriptions and/or forest management plans to identify and treat classes of trees that are at high risk of mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, No Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, No Cent Res Stn, 202 ANBR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sshifley@fs.fed.us; fanzha@missouri.edu; jkabrick@fs.fed.us; Randy.Jensen@mdc.mo.gov NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.033 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900003 ER PT J AU Ha, GSJ Burke, IC Kaufmann, MR Goetz, AFH Kindel, BC Pu, YF AF Ha, Gensuo J. Burke, Ingrid C. Kaufmann, Merrill R. Goetz, Alexander F. H. Kindel, Bruce C. Pu, Yifen TI Estimates of forest canopy fuel attributes using hyperspectral data SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE canopy cover; fire; burn severity; AVIRIS; spectral analysis; Colorado Front Range; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE REGIMES; SPECTROMETER; HYPERION; AVIRIS; HETEROGENEITY; LANDSCAPES; PARAMETERS AB Increasingly severe forest fires in the west have triggered a high demand for accurate and timely information on forest fuel attributes. There is great interest in the potential for using recent advances in high spectral resolution remotely sensed imagery to estimate fuel characteristics. We combined field forest inventory and field spectroscopy in the Colorado Front Range with airborne imaging spectrometer measurements of the region to test their capacity to estimate fire related forest attributes including canopy cover, forest type, and burn severity in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca) dominated forests. Spectral angle mapper and mixture-tuned matched filtering techniques were tested for mapping fuel attributes. Estimates of canopy cover using spectral angle mapper techniques found 61% agreement with observed values, while mixture-tuned matched filtering estimates of forest canopy cover matched 78% with field observations. The distinction of ponderosa pine versus Douglas-fir is crucial for predicting fire spread in the Rocky Mountains; we found that spectral discrimination of these species was also promising, with an accuracy of 53-57%. The average canopy cover of mixed conifer forest in the area is 38.6%, 24.7% contributed by ponderosa pine and 13.9% by Douglas-fir. The values of canopy cover ranged from 53% to 56% in US Forest Service planned fuel treatment areas, among the highest in the region. Recent forest fires have created approximately 684 km(2) of burned area, with very low canopy cover (13-22%). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, RCE, TEA, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Study Earth Space, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ha, GSJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jiong@colostate.edu RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.021 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900004 ER PT J AU Oswalt, CM Clatterbuck, WK Houston, AE AF Oswalt, Christopher M. Clatterbuck, Wayne K. Houston, Allan E. TI Impacts of deer herbivory and visual grading on the early performance of high-quality oak planting stock in Tennessee, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE enrichment planting; white-tail deer; herbivory; visual grading; oak seedlings; oak regeneration; Tennessee ID NORTHERN RED OAK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; REGENERATION; FORESTS; SHELTERWOOD; DISTURBANCE; AMERICA; STANDS; SITES AB The growth of outplanted high-quality 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings, growth differences between two categories of visually graded seedlings and herbivory by white-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Boddaert)) were examined after two growing seasons. Seedlings were planted in plots receiving three overstory treatments (high grade, commercial clearcut, and two age) and an uncut control on productive sites of the East Gulf Coastal Plain in Tennessee. Sixty seedlings were outplanted within each of 12 0.81-ha treatment units, resulting in three replicate blocks of the four treatments. Initial height, root-collar diameter and number of first-order lateral roots were recorded for each seedling prior to planting. Seedlings were visually graded into one of two categories (premium and good) based on morphological characteristics. Planted seedlings were measured at the end of the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons. Mean seedling survivorship after two growing seasons was 94, 92, 87 and 58% (P < 0.001) for the commercial clearcut, two-age, high grade and uncut control units, respectively. Differences in seedling height growth were found between the harvested units and uncut control units along with a significant interaction between overstory treatment and site (P = 0.03). Differences in seedling height were not significant among treatments involving harvest. After two growing seasons, seedlings graded as premium had produced 9 cm more height growth on average than seedlings graded as good (P = 0.002). In addition, seedlings browsed heavily during the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons were, on average, 36 cm shorter (P < 0.001) than unbrowsed seedlings. A significant level of mortality and diminished growth in the uncut control units suggests that pre-harvest enrichment planting without manipulating the overstory may not be a viable management option. Results from this study suggest a simple visual grading of seedlings prior to planting can result in significant growth gains early in the development of the seedlings. Further, the use of larger planting stock may have the added benefit of reducing the impacts of deer herbivory. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ames Plantat, Grand Junction, TN 38039 USA. RP Oswalt, CM (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM coswalt@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.014 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900013 ER PT J AU Erickson, HE Harrington, CA AF Erickson, HE Harrington, CA TI Conifer-Ceanothus interactions influence tree growth before and after shrub removal in a forest plantation in the western Cascade Mountains, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conifer growth; shrub competition; Ceanothus; Noble fir; Pacific silver fir; Douglas-fir; western hemlock ID DOUGLAS-FIR; OREGON CASCADES; NITROGEN; COMPETITION; VEGETATION; VELUTINUS; SNOWBRUSH; RESPONSES; FIXATION; STANDS AB Ceanothus velutinous is often considered to be an aggressive competitor with young conifers in the western United States. Using a conifer (noble fir, Pacific silver fir, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock) plantation in western WA where Ceanothus had become established, we assessed how conifer-shrub crown interactions affected individual tree growth before and after cutting Ceanothus from around individual trees. For all conifer species, trees surrounded by but with leaders above Ceanothus were 18-70% taller than open-grown trees, and trees with leaders below Ceanothus were 22-50% shorter than open-grown trees; suggesting that Ceanothus had both positive and negative effects on tree growth. Few seedlings (8%) of Douglas-fir were found under Ceanothus. However, because of shade-intolerance, Douglas-fir growing under Ceanothus exhibited the greatest reduction in height (53%) compared to open-grown trees. The most shade-tolerant species, Pacific silver fir, had the least reduction in height (22%) under Ceanothus, yet because of its slow growth, most of its seedlings (62%) were found growing under Ceanothus. Twelve years after cutting Ceanothus, growth rates increased for all four tree species independent of the type of previous interaction with Ceanothus; however, mean tree heights and diameters for all four conifers remained substantially lower for trees that had been overtopped by Ceanothus compared to trees with leaders not overtopped at the time of release. Thus, the benefits of growing with or being released from encroachment by Ceanothus will vary with conifer species and the degree of conifer-shrub interaction and may persist for many years. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Erickson, HE (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM heerickson@fs.fed.us; charrington@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.029 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900019 ER PT J AU Thies, WG Kelsey, RG Westlind, DJ Madsen, J AF Thies, WG Kelsey, RG Westlind, DJ Madsen, J TI Potassium fertilizer applied immediately after planting had no impact on Douglas-fir seedling mortality caused by laminated root rot on a forested site in Washington State SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE defensive chemicals; root disease; plant nutrients; laminated root rot ID PHELLINUS-WEIRII; ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE; MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK; INFECTION; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; OREGON; LIGHT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DECOMPOSITION AB Phellinus weirii causes laminated root rot (LRR), a major disease affecting growth and survival of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) and other commercially important conifer species throughout the Pacific Northwest. Increasing tree vigor and resistance to pathogens through application of K fertilizer is a suggested disease management strategy and one we wished to test. Plots were established with Douglas-fir seedlings planted densely (12,000 seedlings ha(-1)) around stumps of LRR-killed trees on a harvested site west of the Cascade Range crest near Morton, Washington. Treatments, randomly assigned to plots, were: 224 kg K ha(-1), 448 kg K ha(-1), 224 kg K + 224 kg N ha(-1), and a no-fertilizer control, with 11 replicates. Roots of seedlings receiving the K + N treatment showed the only increase in phenoVsugar (P/S) ratios after one growing season, owing to a reduction in sugar concentrations. Although increases in P/S ratios are negatively correlated with fungal infection rates, the LRR mortality for all fertilizer treatments, including the K + N, was similar to the mortality on the no-fertilizer plots 7 years post-treatment. For this study site we concluded that the single application of K or K + N to Douglas-fir at the rates tested were not an effective management strategy for LRR. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Port Blakely Tree Farms LP, Tumwater, WA 98501 USA. RP Thies, WG (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM wthies@fs.fed.us; rkelsey@fs.fed.us; dwestlind@fs.fed.us; jmadsen@portblakely.com NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.028 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900020 ER PT J AU Saenz-Romero, C Guzman-Reyna, RR Rehfeldt, GE AF Saenz-Romero, C Guzman-Reyna, RR Rehfeldt, GE TI Altitudinal genetic variation among Pinus oocarpa populations in Michoacan, Mexico - Implications for seed zoning, conservation, tree breeding and global warming SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus oocarpa; provenances; altitudinal genetic variation; seed zoning; tree breeding; conservation; global warming; Mexico ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR; CONTORTA; MODEL; USA AB Pinus oocarpa has a large natural distribution in the sub-tropical forests of Mexico. Populations, however, are rapidly disappearing particularly in the Michoacan State as native forests are converted to avocado (Persea sp.) orchards. We investigated the patterning of genetic variation among R oocarpa populations for quantitative traits along an altitudinal gradient by establishing a provenance/progeny test from wind-pollinated seeds collected along an altitudinal transect (1100-1500 m) near Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. Genetic variation was analyzed in relation to normalized climate records (temperature, precipitation, degree days > 5 degrees C and annual moisture index) for the provenances and the test site for the contemporary climate and for climates projected for the decades beginning in 2030, 2060, and 2090. Estimates of future climates used output from the Canadian and Hadley General Circulation Models. Results of a field test suggested an altitudinal pattern of genetic differentiation in juvenile height among P. oocarpa populations. Seedlings from populations originating from lower altitudes tended to grow more than seedlings originating from populations at the higher altitudes. However, this trend abates at the lowest altitudinal limit of the species distribution, a probable conservative growth strategy for avoiding drought stress. Thus, the cline appeared to arise from selection along a climatic gradient reflecting in a moisture index (ratio of degree days to precipitation) and is dependent, therefore, on a balance between temperature and moisture. For guiding seed and seedling transfer in ecological restoration, conservation of genetic resources, tree breeding and mitigating the effects of global warming, we suggest guidelines based on delimitation of three altitudinal seed zones of about 200 m in breadth. Alternatively, one can limit transfer to three climatic zones of about 0.75 units of annual moisture index. Predictions of future climates indicate an average annual temperature increase of 3.8 degrees C by year 2090, and, judging from an increase of an annual moisture index of 26%, an increase in aridity by the end of the century. However, the more difficult period for adaptation of P oocarpa populations to the new climate should be between 2030 and 2060, when the increase in aridity is expected to be most pronounced. Changes of this magnitude should alter the natural distribution of the species and would create an adaptational lag, as the adaptedness of extant populations deteriorates. Mitigating these effects will require seeds to be transferred upwards in altitude, perhaps as much as 150 m initially. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michoacana, INIRENA, UMSNH, Inst Invest Sobre Recursos Nat, Morelia 58330, Michoacan, Mexico. Univ Michoacana, Fac Biol, Morelia 58040, Michoacan, Mexico. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Saenz-Romero, C (reprint author), Univ Michoacana, INIRENA, UMSNH, Inst Invest Sobre Recursos Nat, Av San Juanito Itzicuaro S-N,Col San Juanito Itzi, Morelia 58330, Michoacan, Mexico. EM csaenz@zeus.umich.mx RI Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc/B-4160-2008 OI Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc/0000-0002-8945-3959 NR 38 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 340 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.014 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900034 ER PT J AU Cole, TG Ewel, JJ AF Cole, TG Ewel, JJ TI Allometric equations for four valuable tropical tree species SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE allocation; allometry; biomass; boles; branches; Cedrela odorata; Cordia alliodora; Costa Rica; Euterpe oleracea; Hyeronima alchorneoides; regression; roots ID NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY; BIOMASS EQUATIONS; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; GMELINA-ARBOREA; FOREST BIOMASS; GROWTH; STANDS; CARBON; NORTH AB Four tree species were harvested periodically over a 13-year period from plantations in the humid lowlands of Costa Rica: Cedrela odorata, Cordia alliodora, Hyeronima alchorneoides, and Euterpe oleracea. The soil was a well-drained, volcanic alluvium, and high fertility coupled with 4 m of annual rainfall and high temperatures led to rapid growth rates; at age 13 many individual were > 30 cm dbh and > 30 m tall. Harvested trees were dissected into their component parts: leaves, rachises (for Cedrela and Euterpe), branches, boles, and coarse roots (i.e., > 0.5 cm diameter). Roots of small trees were excavated in their entirety; those of large trees were harvested from a cylinder 1.0 m in diameter, immediately beneath the trunk. Large numbers of trees were sampled: 258-379 per species. Size classes sampled ranged from seedlings too small to have a dbh to trees of similar to 30 cm dbh. Two separate allometric equations (one for trees having only a basal diameter and another for trees having a dbh), with diameter squared times height as the metrics, were developed for each component of each species. Based on breaks in linear trends of In-In plots and deviations of predicted from actual values, we developed separate allometric equations, by component, for trees of different sizes. The resulting 40 equations (with one exception, involving very small trees) fit the data well and enable the user to predict biomass, by component, for each of the four species. A single (non-allometric) linear equation, combining all plant parts of all three dicot species, also fit the data well, but it would not provide either the detail or the accuracy provided by the species-specific, plant-part-specific equations. Large sample sizes, a 13-year run of data collection, and the economic and ecological importance of the species studied make this data set uniquely useful for biomass estimations and for understanding the inherent heterogeneity of tree structure in dynamic tropical environments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ewel, JJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jackewel@ufl.edu NR 50 TC 63 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.017 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900035 ER PT J AU Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Dijak, WD Larson, MA Millspaugh, JJ AF Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Dijak, WD Larson, MA Millspaugh, JJ TI Simulated effects of forest management alternatives on landscape structure and habitat suitability in the Midwestern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE LANDIS; simulation; Ozark highlands; oak-hickory; disturbance; fire; wind; timber harvest; coarse woody debris; wildlife; habitat suitability index ID MISSOURI OZARKS; FIRE REGIMES; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; LANDIS; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; IMAGERY; CHINA; MODEL AB Understanding the cumulative effects and resource trade-offs associated with forest management requires the ability to predict, analyze, and communicate information about how forest landscapes (1000s to > 100,000 ha in extent) respond to silviculture and other disturbances. We applied a spatially explicit landscape simulation model, LANDIS, and compared the outcomes of seven forest management alternatives including intensive and extensive even-aged and uneven-aged management, singly and in combination, as well as no harvest. We also simulated concomitant effects of wildfire and windthrow. We compared outcomes in terms of spatial patterns of forest vegetation by age/size class, edge density, core area, volume of coarse wood debris, timber harvest, standing crop, and tree species composition over a 200-year simulation horizon. We also used habitat suitability models to assess habitat quality for four species with diverse habitat requirements: ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina), and gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Management alternatives with similar levels of disturbance had similar landscape composition but different landscape patterns. The no-harvest scenario resulted in a tree size class distribution that was similar to scenarios that harvested 5% of the landscape per decade; this suggests that gap phase replacement of senescent trees in combination with wind and fire disturbance may produce a disturbance regime similar to that associated with a 200-year timber rotation. Greater harvest levels (10% per decade) resulted in more uniform structure of small or large patches, for uneven- or even-aged management, respectively, than lesser levels of harvest (5% or no harvest); apparently reducing the effects of natural disturbances. Consequently, the even-aged management at the 10% level had the greatest core area and least amount of edge. Habitat suitability was greater, on average, for species dependent on characteristics of mature forests (ovenbird, gray squirrel) than those dependent on disturbance (prairie warbler, hooded warbler) and habitat suitability for disturbance dependent species was more sensitive to the management alternatives. The approach was data-rich and provided opportunities to contrast the large-scale, long-term consequences for management practices from many different perspectives. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sshifley@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 9 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-3 BP 361 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.030 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 058BA UT WOS:000238637900036 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT AF Simpson, William T. TI Estimating heating times of wood boards, square timbers, and logs in saturated steam by multiple regression SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Heat sterilization is used to kill insects and fungi in wood being traded internationally. Determining the time required to reach the kill temperature is difficult considering the many variables that can affect it, such as heating temperature, target center temperature, initial wood temperature, wood configuration dimensions, specific gravity, and moisture content. In this study, the time required to heat the center of round, square, and rectangular wood members in saturated steam was calculated by using heat conduction equations for a number of combinations of these variables. The resulting heating times were then fit to multiple regression models, resulting in regression equations that provided a calculation method that is easier and more convenient to use than the heat conduction equations, especially considering the many combinations of the independent variables that might be of interest in heat sterilization treatments for killing insects and pathogens. Deviations between the times calculated by regression and those calculated by the heat conduction equations averaged less than 10 percent. The regression models appear to offer sufficiently good estimates of heating times to be useful in planning heat sterilization activities. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 56 IS 7-8 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 074YW UT WOS:000239849600003 ER PT J AU Hunt, JF Supar, K AF Hunt, John F. Supar, Karen TI Binderless fiberboard: Comparison of fiber from recycled corrugated containers and refined small-diameter whole treetops SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HARDBOARD; WASTE AB Whereas many research activities focus on developing value-added processes that use forest residues, scientists must also investigate the mechanical properties of products made from recycled fiber resources. This study compared the tensile and bending properties of binderless panels made from recycled corrugated containers with properties of panels made from lodgepole pine treetop residues. The properties were measured after reaching equilibrium moisture contents in 50 and 90 percent relative humidity environments. The results show panels made from recycled corrugated containers at both humidity levels were 10 to 20 percent stronger and stiffer than those made from lodgepole pine. Tensile energy absorption was also measured and showed that panels made from old corrugated containers could absorb about 200 percent more energy than the lodgepole pine panels. Tensile stress and strain plots graphically show the difference between the fiber types and processing methods, especially the higher strain at failure for the recycled corrugated container panels. Panels from both fiber sources surpassed minimum commercial hardboard standards. The results showed alternative fibers could be used to produce strong and stiff panels. This research is part of a larger program for developing an understanding of panel properties for engineered three-dimensional fiberboard products. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Hunt, JF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jfhunt@fs.fed.us; ksupan@ufl.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 56 IS 7-8 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 074YW UT WOS:000239849600011 ER PT J AU Monserud, RA Huang, SM Yang, YQ AF Monserud, Robert A. Huang, Shongming Yang, Yuqing TI Predicting lodgepole pine site index from climatic parameters in Alberta SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE site index; climate variable; Alberta Climate Model; ANUSPLIN; site productivity map; lodgepole pine ID SMOOTHING NOISY DATA; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; SPLINE FUNCTIONS; SOIL PROPERTIES; BLACK SPRUCE; MODEL; COEFFICIENT; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS; CONTORTA AB We sought to evaluate the impact of climatic variables on site productivity of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) for the province of Alberta. Climatic data were obtained from the Alberta Climate Model, which is based on 30-year normals from the provincial weather station network. Mapping methods were based on ANUSPLIN, Hutchinson's thin-plate smoothing spline in four dimensions (latitude, longitude, elevation, climatic variable). Site indices based on stem analysis (observed dominant height at an index age of 50 years at breast height) were used as a measure of forest site productivity. A total of 1145 site index plots were available for lodgepole pine, the major forest species in Alberta. Regression analyses were used to predict site index as a function of climatic variables for each plot. The strongest linear predictors of site index were growing degree days > 5 degrees (GDD5), the Julian date when GDD5 reaches 100 (D100), and July mean temperature (MTWM). A nonlinear model with D100 as the predictor variable was chosen as the final model. Both the observed and the predicted site indices from the 1145 locations were interpolated using ANUSPLIN and mapped using ArcView. We concluded that climate is an important component of site productivity, accounting for about one quarter of the variation in lodgepole pine site index across the province. C1 Publ Lands & Forests Div, Forest Management Branch, Edmonton, AB T5K 2M4, Canada. US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Huang, SM (reprint author), Publ Lands & Forests Div, Forest Management Branch, 8th Floor,9920 108 St, Edmonton, AB T5K 2M4, Canada. EM rmonserud@fs.fed.us; shongming.huang@gov.ab.ca NR 42 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 82 IS 4 BP 562 EP 571 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 077CG UT WOS:000240004700037 ER PT J AU Lankford, SE Adams, BM Adams, TE Cech, JJ AF Lankford, SE Adams, BM Adams, TE Cech, JJ TI Using specific antisera to neutralize ACTH in sturgeon: A method for manipulating the interrenal response during stress SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACTH; POMC; stress; cortisol; immunoneutralization; fish; sturgeon ID JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN CDNA; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; CORTISOL; FISHES; GROWTH; ANTIBODIES; PITUITARY AB Interrenal function and the magnitude of the stress response were assessed in green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) passively immunized with antisera directed against adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The nuclectide sequence encoding ACTH was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We identified two isoforms of ACTH that differ at a single site (position 26) in the 39 AA peptide. Both forms of green sturgeon ACTH (gsACTH(1-39)) display 100% homology with both sequences of white sturgeon ACTH (wsACTH(1-39)). The N-terminal portion of gsACTH also shares absolute identity with the comparable portion of human ACTH (hACTH). However, we identified considerable sequence divergence in the C-terminal domain between gsACTH and hACTH. Species-specific anti-ACTH sera were generated by vaccinating sheep against the C-terminal portion of gsACTH (gsACTH(26-39)). The peptide was covalently linked to a carrier protein (keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin [KLH]) to further enhance its immunogenicity. The antigsACTH sera recognized gsACTH(1-39) and the immunogenic peptide (gsACTH(26-39)), but did not interact with hACTH(1-39). To assess the impact of the antisera, fish were passively immunized with anti-gsACTH(26-39) sera or anti-KLH sera and challenged with a hACTH(1-39) injection on day I followed by a 1-min air emersion stressor on day 2. The magnitude and duration of the secretory response induced by hACTH did not differ (P > .05) between groups. Conversely, the magnitude of cortisol secretion induced by air emersion was significantly attenuated (P < .05) in fish passively immunized against gsACTH(26-39). Collectively, these data demonstrate that the targeted antisera used in this study can discriminate between mammalian and green sturgeon ACTH and moderate the in vivo response to a stressor. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Aquat Biol & Aquaculture, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lankford, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM slankford@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 147 IS 3 BP 384 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.010 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 052NK UT WOS:000238240200019 PM 16630617 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Faris, JD Lai, Z Steffenson, BJ AF Friesen, T. L. Faris, J. D. Lai, Z. Steffenson, B. J. TI Identification and chromosomal location of major genes for resistance to Pyrenophora teres in a doubled-haploid barley population SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; Drechslera teres; molecular markers ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NET BLOTCH; F-TERES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; WHEAT; VIRULENCE; SOFTWARE; GENETICS AB Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres, is one of the most economically important diseases of barley worldwide. Here, we used a barley doubled-haploid population derived from the lines SM89010 and Q21861 to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seedling resistance to P. teres f. teres (net-type net blotch (NTNB)) and P. teres f. maculata (spot-type net blotch (STNB)). A map consisting of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was used to identify chromosome locations of resistance loci. Major QTLs for NTNB and STNB resistance were located on chromosomes 6H and 4H, respectively. The 6H locus (NTNB) accounted for as much as 89% of the disease variation, whereas the 4H locus (STNB resistance) accounted for 64%. The markers closely linked to the resistance gene loci will be useful for marker-assisted selection. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM friesent@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUL PY 2006 VL 49 IS 7 BP 855 EP 859 DI 10.1139/G06-024 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 078CT UT WOS:000240079600015 PM 16936794 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Bailey, AS Denny, EG Martin, CW O'Keefe, J AF Richardson, AD Bailey, AS Denny, EG Martin, CW O'Keefe, J TI Phenology of a northern hardwood forest canopy SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bud break; climate change; growing season length; Harvard Forest; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; leaf fall; leaf out; northern hardwood forest; phenology; senescence ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROWING-SEASON; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SPRING PHENOLOGY; TEMPERATE TREES; LEAF; RESPONSES; MODELS; BUDBURST AB While commonplace in other parts of the world, long-term and ongoing observations of the phenology of native tree species are rare in North America. We use 14 years of field survey data from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest to fit simple models of canopy phenology for three northern hardwood species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). These models are then run with historical meteorological data to investigate potential climate change effects on phenology. Development and senescence are quantified using an index that ranges from 0 (dormant, no leaves) to 4 (full, green canopy). Sugar maple is the first species to leaf out in the spring, whereas American beech is the last species to drop its leaves in the fall. Across an elevational range from 250 to 825 m ASL, the onset of spring is delayed by 2.7 +/- 0.4 days for every 100 m increase in elevation, which is in reasonable agreement with Hopkin's law. More than 90% of the variation in spring canopy development, and just slightly less than 90% of the variation in autumn canopy senescence, is accounted for by a logistic model based on accumulated degree-days. However, degree-day based models fit to Hubbard Brook data appear to overestimate the rate at which spring development occurs at the more southerly Harvard Forest. Autumn senescence at the Harvard Forest can be predicted with reasonable accuracy in sugar maple but not American beech. Retrospective modeling using five decades (1957-2004) of Hubbard Brook daily mean temperature data suggests significant trends (P <= 0.05) towards an earlier spring (e.g. sugar maple, rate of change=0.18 days earlier/yr), consistent with other studies documenting measurable climate change effects on the onset of spring in both North America and Europe. Our results also suggest that green canopy duration has increased by about 10 days (e.g. sugar maple, rate of change=0.21 days longer/yr) over the period of study. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, Campton, NH USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA. Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrew.richardson@unh.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714 NR 44 TC 169 Z9 181 U1 18 U2 144 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1174 EP 1188 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01164.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 054CE UT WOS:000238352800004 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Myers, GC AF Zhu, J. Y. Myers, Gary C. TI Kraft pulp from budworm-infested Jack pine SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE blue stain; insect infestation; jack pine; kraft pulping; maceration; SilviScan; small-diameter trees AB This study evaluated the quality of kraft pulp from bud-worm-infested jack pine. The logs were classified as merchantable live, suspect, or merchantable dead. Raw materials were evaluated through visual inspection, analysis of the chemical composition, SilviScan measurement of the density, and measurement of the tracheid length. Unbleached pulps were then refined using a laboratory disk refiner. The mechanical and optical properties of handsheets made from the refined pulps were evaluated. Although budworm galleries may affect the physical integrity of the wood, they have no effect on pulp quality. Blue stain did not affect the handsheet brightness. The results indicate that merchantable dead jack pine trees are acceptable for kraft pulp production, with equivalent pulp yield. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, Y (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 4 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1515/HF.2006.060 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 071HT UT WOS:000239591300006 ER PT J AU Gao, H Shupe, TF Hse, CY Eberhardt, TL AF Gao, Heng Shupe, Todd F. Hse, Chung Y. Eberhardt, Thomas L. TI Antioxidant activity of extracts from the bark of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl. SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE antioxidant activity; Folin-Ciocalteu method; free radical scavenger; methanol extracts; Port-Orford cedar; total phenolic content ID PORT-ORFORD-CEDAR; PLANT-EXTRACTS; OIL AB The bark of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl. was extracted with methanol and sequentially partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and deionized water. The antioxidant activities of the four extracts were evaluated using the DPPH(center dot) and ABTSq(+center dot) methods. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Butylated hydroxytoluene was used as a positive control in the radical-scavenging activity tests. All the bark extracts showed significant radical-scavenging activity. In the ABTSq(+center dot) assay, n-butanol extracts exhibited the strongest radical-scavenging activity, followed by ethyl acetate, water, and n-hexane extracts. The greatest total phenolic content was 428.54 mg GAE per gram of dry extract and was detected in the n-butanol extract, followed by the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. The antioxidant activities correlate with the amount of phenolics present in these extracts. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts were rich in phenolics and may represent a good source of antioxidants. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, 111 RNR Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 4 BP 459 EP 462 DI 10.1515/HF.2006.073 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 071HT UT WOS:000239591300019 ER PT J AU Lewers, KS AF Lewers, Kim S. TI Traits and genes affecting repeat fruiting SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 910 EP 911 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700009 ER PT J AU Mattheis, J AF Mattheis, James TI How 1-MCP has altered fruit storage practices and quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 912 EP 912 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700010 ER PT J AU Coyne, C AF Coyne, Clarice TI Phenotypes and genetic stocks in GRIN SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 935 EP 936 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700060 ER PT J AU Gardner, C AF Gardner, Candy TI Germplasm collection maintenance and operations; Increasing the value of plant germplasm SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 935 EP 935 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700058 ER PT J AU Greene, S AF Greene, Stephanie TI Mining information from germplastu collections: What will it take? SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 935 EP 935 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700059 ER PT J AU Black, BL Ehlenfeldt, M Martin, R AF Black, Brent L. Ehlenfeldt, Mark Martin, Robert TI Suppression of flowering in bluecrop Highbush blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 936 EP 936 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700062 ER PT J AU McClung, A Yan, W Lee, F Marchetti, MA Bockelman, H Fjellstrom, RG AF McClung, A. Yan, W. Lee, F. Marchetti, M. A. Bockelman, H. Fjellstrom, R. G. TI Creation of a genotypic and phenotypic database for the NSGC rice collection SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 936 EP 936 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700061 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope TI Organic agriculture: Postharvest challenges and opportunities SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 950 EP 950 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700082 ER PT J AU Olsen, RT Ranney, TG AF Olsen, Richard T. Ranney, Thomas G. TI Polypoid breeding in Hypericum androsaemum L. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 952 EP 952 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700089 ER PT J AU Rinehart, TA AF Rinehart, Timothy A. TI Examples of genome evolution in polyploids where bigger is better SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 952 EP 952 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700091 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D AF Bhatnagar, Deepak TI The promise of natural remedies SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 961 EP 961 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700097 ER PT J AU Clien, H Baron, JJ Barney, WP Holm, R Kunkel, DL Schneider, BA AF Clien, H. Baron, J. J. Barney, W. P. Holm, R. Kunkel, D. L. Schneider, B. A. TI Crop grouping-an effective tool for protecting to medicinal crop production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, IR4 Project, N Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. US EPA, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 961 EP 962 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700099 ER PT J AU Mccoy, JAH Widrlechner, MP AF McCoy, Joe-Ann H. Widrlechner, Mark P. TI Utilizing the NPGS (National plant germplasm system) for medicinal plant research SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 961 EP 961 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700098 ER PT J AU Rimando, M AF Rimando, Agnes M. TI Determination of stilbenes in blueberries and studies on their antioxidant, cancer preventive, and cholesterol-lowering properties SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 963 EP 963 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700105 ER PT J AU Triplett, BA Moss, SC Pelitire, SM Dowd, MK AF Triplett, B. A. Moss, S. C. Pelitire, S. M. Dowd, M. K. TI Elicitor effects on gossypol production by cotton hairy roots SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 963 EP 963 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700103 ER PT J AU Devagiri, U Mentreddy, SR Rimando, A Williams, L Chawan, C AF Devagiri, Ushakiran Mentreddy, S. R. Rimando, A. Williams, L. Chawan, C. TI Chemical profiling and evaluation of cytotoxic properties of ocimum species SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 964 EP 964 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700107 ER PT J AU Parajuli, P Joshee, N Rimando, A Yadav, A AF Parajuli, Prahlad Joshee, Nirmal Rimando, Agnes Yadav, Anand TI In vitro assay development for screening anticancer and immuno-modulatory activities of medicinal plant extracts SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA USA. USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 964 EP 964 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700106 ER PT J AU Kisha, T Johnson, R Skinner, D Greene, S AF Kisha, Theodore Johnson, Richard Skinner, Dan Greene, Stephanie TI Using Prevosti's distance coefficient for direct statistical analysis of population differences SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Resources Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 967 EP 968 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700115 ER PT J AU McCann, LC Simon, PW AF McCann, Leah C. Simon, Philipp W. TI Relationships among reducing sugar, asparagine, and chip color in wild solanum species SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 967 EP 967 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700114 ER PT J AU Phillips, NC Larson, SR Drost, DT AF Phillips, Nathan C. Larson, Steve R. Drost, Daniel T. TI Detection of genetic variation in wild populations of three allium species using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 967 EP 967 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700113 ER PT J AU Frantz, J Ling, P AF Frantz, Jonathan Ling, Peter TI Light, fertilizer, and CO2 interact in petunia xhybrida nutrient uptake and partitioning SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 969 EP 969 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700123 ER PT J AU Taylor, MD Nelson, PV Frantz, JM AF Taylor, Matthew D. Nelson, Paul V. Frantz, Jonathan M. TI Impact of low iron and phosphorus stresses on acidification of nutrient solution by geranium SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. USDA ARS, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 970 EP 970 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700126 ER PT J AU Taylor, MD Nelson, PV Frantz, JM AF Taylor, Matthew D. Nelson, Paul V. Frantz, Jonathan M. TI Impact of flower removal and light and temperature stresses on acidification of nutrient solution by geranium SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USDA ARS, Toledo, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 970 EP 970 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700127 ER PT J AU Piccinni, G Gerik, T Steglich, E Leskovar, D Ko, J Marek, T Howell, T AF Piccinni, Giovanni Gerik, Thomas Steglich, Evelyn Leskovar, Daniel Ko, Jonghan Marek, Thomas Howell, Terry TI Crop simulation and crop evapotranspiration for irrigation management of spinach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, Soil & Crop Sci, TAES, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Hort TAES, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 971 EP 971 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700131 ER PT J AU Frantz, J Pitchay, D Tay, D Ehrenberger, J Gray, J Heckathorn, S Leisner, S AF Frantz, Jonathan Pitchay, Dharmalingam Tay, David Ehrenberger, Jennifer Gray, John Heckathorn, Scott Leisner, Scott TI Nutrient ranges in Pelargonium x hortorum and Pelargonium species SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Ohio State Univ, USDA, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 980 EP 980 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700171 ER PT J AU Davenport, TL Ying, ZT Schnell, RJ AF Davenport, Thomas L. Ying, Zhentu Schnell, Raymond J. TI A fresh look at avocado pollination SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 985 EP 985 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700194 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, M Rowland, L AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark Rowland, Lisa TI Progress in selection for cold-hardiness, adaptation, and quality in Vaccinium ashei and Vaccinium ashei/V. constablaei derivatives and the potential for northern-adapted rabbiteve cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 985 EP 985 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700192 ER PT J AU Kalt, W Rimando, AM Elliot, M Forney, CF AF Kalt, Wilhelmina Rimando, Agnes M. Elliot, Michele Forney, Charles F. TI Effects of postharvest storage and UV-C irradiation on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of cranberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 988 EP 988 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700207 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, J Lea, J AF Beaulieu, John Lea, Jeanne TI Physiological changes in cantaloupe during development and in stored fresh-cuts prepared from fruit harvested at various maturities SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 989 EP 989 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700209 ER PT J AU Galli, F Archbold, DD Pomper, KW AF Galli, Federica Archbold, Douglas D. Pomper, Kirk W. TI Cold storage effects on pawpaw fruit ripening and quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Kentucky State Univ, USDA Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Species, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 989 EP 989 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700210 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Neipp, P Collin, S Sievert, J Fjeld, K Toyota, M Doctor, J Arpaia, ML AF Obenland, David Neipp, Paul Collin, Site Sievert, Jill Fjeld, Kent Toyota, Margo Doctor, Julie Arpaia, Mary Lu TI Influence of commercial packing and storage on navel orange flavor, quality constituents, and juice ethanol concentration SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Sunkist Growers, Res Tech Serv, Lindsay, CA 93247 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 989 EP 989 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700211 ER PT J AU Hale, AL Farnham, MW AF Hale, Anna L. Farnham, Mark W. TI Heterosis for horticultural traits in broccoli SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 990 EP 990 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700215 ER PT J AU Hayes, R AF Hayes, Ryan TI Variation for tipburn resistance in lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 990 EP 991 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700217 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Thies, JA Fery, RL Smith, JP AF Harrison, Howard F. Thies, Judy A. Fery, Richard L. Smith, J. Powell TI Assessment of cowpea genotypes for use as a weed-suppressing cover crop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 991 EP 991 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700219 ER PT J AU Wessel-Beaver, L Thro, AM AF Wessel-Beaver, Linda Thro, Ann Marie TI The national, all-crops Plant Breeding Coordinating Committee SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 991 EP 991 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700220 ER PT J AU Bassil, N Hummer, K Postman, J AF Bassil, Nahla Hummer, Kim Postman, Joseph TI Microsatellites are used to examine apple and pear identities and genetic relationships SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 993 EP 993 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700228 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE Davis, T Iketani, H Imanishi, H AF Hummer, Kim E. Davis, Tom Iketani, Hiroyuki Imanishi, Hiroyuki TI American-Japanese expedition to Hokkaido to collect berry crops in 2004 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Natl Agr & Biooriented Res Org, Natl Inst Fruit Gree Sci, Dept Genet & Breeding, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058605, Japan. Akita Prefectural Coll Agr, Akita 0100451, Japan. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 993 EP 993 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700227 ER PT J AU Schnell, R Brown, JS Olano, C Mecrow, A Campbell, R Kuhn, D AF Schnell, Raymond Brown, J. Steven Olano, Cecile Mecrow, Alan Campbell, Richard Kuhn, David TI Mango genetic diversity analysis and pedigree inferences for Florida cultivars using microsatellite markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 993 EP 993 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700230 ER PT J AU Stover, E Aradhya, M Crisosto, C Ferguson, L AF Stover, Ed Aradhya, Malli Crisosto, Carlos Ferguson, Louise TI Screening the US national fig collection for potential fresh fruit genotypes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 994 EP 994 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700232 ER PT J AU Shrefler, JW Roberts, W Webber, C Edelson, J Taylor, M AF Shrefler, James W. Roberts, Warren Webber, Charles Edelson, Jonathan Taylor, Merritt TI Summer squash planting systems following a rye cover crop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 998 EP 999 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700251 ER PT J AU Poss, JA Grieve, CM Russell, WB Bonos, SA AF Poss, James A. Grieve, Catherine M. Russell, Walter B. Bonos, Stacy A. TI Assessment of Kentucky bluegrass salt tolerance with remote sensing SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, PWA George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 999 EP 999 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700253 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Criley, R Schnell, RJ AF Meerow, Alan W. Criley, Richard Schnell, Raymond J. TI Genetic variation and relationships among frangipani cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1001 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700262 ER PT J AU Sims, CA Mentreddy, SR Palumbo, RE Hong, WF Hu, J Krause, C Locke, J Craig, R Tay, D Wang, GL AF Sims, Cedric A. Mentreddy, Srinivasa R. Palumbo, Rose E. Hong, Wai-Foon Hu, Jinguo Krause, Charles Locke, James Craig, Richard Tay, David Wang, Guo-Liang TI A Phylogeny of Pelargonium based on TRAP markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1001 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700263 ER PT J AU Lang, P Dane, F Kubisiak, TL Huang, HW AF Lang, Ping Dane, Fenny Kubisiak, Thomas L. Huang, Hongwen TI Molecular evidence for an Asian origin and a unique westward migration of species in the genus Castanea via Europe to North America SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS USA. Wuhan Inst, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1006 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700284 ER PT J AU Yang, XH Scheffler, BE Weston, LA AF Yang, Xiaohan Scheffler, Brian E. Weston, Leslie A. TI Recent developments in primer design for DNA markers in higher plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, CGRU, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015 OI Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1006 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700285 ER PT J AU Bang, H Kim, S Leskovar, DI Davis, A King, SR AF Bang, Haejeen Kim, Sunggil Leskovar, Daniel I. Davis, Angela King, Stephen R. TI Duplication of the phytoene synthase gene in the carotenoid Biosynthetic pathway of watermelon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1007 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700287 ER PT J AU Griesbach, R Beck, R AF Griesbach, Robert Beck, Ron TI Genetics of the Star mutation in Petunia xhybrida SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BARCW, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1007 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700289 ER PT J AU Rinehart, T Pounders, C Scheffler, B AF Rinehart, Tim Pounders, Cecil Scheffler, Brian TI Using SSR markers to verify crapemyrtle hybrids SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1008 EP 1009 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700296 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Handley, D AF Takeda, Fumiomi Handley, David TI A winter protection method for blackberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Maine, Agr Res Ctr, Monmouth, ME 04259 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1011 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700310 ER PT J AU Black, B Ehlenfeldt, M Martin, R AF Black, Brent Ehlenfeldt, Mark Martin, Robert TI Suppression of flowering in 'Bluecrop' highbush blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1012 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700313 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR AF Bryla, David R. TI Drip irrigation configuration influences growth in young highbush blueberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1012 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700312 ER PT J AU Ritenour, MA Stoffella, PJ He, ZL Narciso, JA Salvatore, JJ AF Ritenour, Mark A. Stoffella, Peter J. He, Zhenli Narciso, Jan A. Salvatore, James J. TI Postharvest calcium chloride dips of whole tomato fruit reduce postharvest decay under commercial conditions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 180 BP 1016 EP 1017 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700331 ER PT J AU Saftner, R Lester, G Abbott, JA AF Saftner, Robert Lester, Gene Abbott, Judith A. TI Fresh-cut chunks of a new orange-fleshed melon genotype: Analytical and sensory comparisons to its inbred parents, and to commercial cantaloupe and green-fleshed honeydew harvested in winter SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 186 BP 1018 EP 1018 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700337 ER PT J AU Jones, KD Reed, SM Rinehart, T AF Jones, Keri D. Reed, Sandra M. Rinehart, Timothy TI Production of an intergeneric Hydrangeaceae hybrid SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 232 BP 1020 EP 1020 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700345 ER PT J AU Albano, J Sahi, S Wilson, C Bowman, K AF Albano, Joseph Sahi, Shivendra Wilson, Chris Bowman, Kirn TI Abiotic factors possibly contributing to reset failure of citrus trees in a commercial grove in Florida SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 89 BP 1022 EP 1022 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700356 ER PT J AU Phillips, NC Drost, DT Varga, B Shultz, L Meyer, SE AF Phillips, Nathan C. Drost, Daniel T. Varga, Bill Shultz, Leila Meyer, Susan E. TI Habitat-correlated germination and growth characteristics in intermountain Allium (Liliaceac) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah Bot Ctr, Kaysville, UT 84037 USA. US Forest Serv, RMRS, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 231 BP 1025 EP 1025 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700371 ER PT J AU Fain, GB Knight, PR AF Fain, Glenn B. Knight, Patricia R. TI Irrigation and fertilizer placement affects plant and weed growth in container tree production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 37 BP 1026 EP 1026 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700374 ER PT J AU Boyer, CR Fain, GB Gilliam, CH Torbert, HA Gallaoher, TV Sibley, JL AF Boyer, Cheryl R. Fain, Glenn B. Gilliam, Charles H. Torbert, H. Allen Gallaoher, Thomas V. Sibley, Jeff L. TI Evaluation of freshly chipped pine tree substrate for container-grown Lantana cantera SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 40 BP 1027 EP 1027 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700377 ER PT J AU Lightboum, GJ Griesbach, RJ Stommel, JR AF Lightboum, Gordon J. Griesbach, Robert J. Stommel, John R. TI Black pignientation in Capsicum - A biochemical and molecular account SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, US Natl Arboretum FLoral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Plant Sci Inst,Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1027 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700380 ER PT J AU Jenderek, MM AF Jenderek, Maria M. TI Ornamental characteristics of lesquerella (Lesquerella sp.) plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, NALPGRU, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 271 BP 1028 EP 1028 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700382 ER PT J AU Layne, DR Okie, WR AF Layne, Desmond R. Okie, W. R. TI White-fleshed peaches and nectarines for the Southeastern United States SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 94 BP 1029 EP 1029 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700387 ER PT J AU Hoagland, L Carpenter-Boggs, L Granatstein, D Peryea, F Smith, J Reganold, J AF Hoagland, Lori Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne Granatstein, David Peryea, Frank Smith, Jeff Reganold, John TI Nitrogen and carbon cycling and partitioning in managed understories of organic apples SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Tree Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 161 BP 1032 EP 1032 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700402 ER PT J AU Webber, CL Shrefler, JW AF Webber, Charles L. Shrefler, James W. TI Pelargonic acid weed control parameters SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, So Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, WWAREC, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 220 BP 1034 EP 1034 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700412 ER PT J AU Webber, CL Davis, AR Shrefler, JW Perkins-Veaziel, P Russo, VM Edelson, JV AF Webber, Charles L., III Davis, Angela R. Shrefler, James W. Perkins-Veaziel, Penelope Russo, Vincent M. Edelson, Jonathan V. TI Organic watermelon production systems: Varieties and weed control SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 S Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 219 BP 1034 EP 1034 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700411 ER PT J AU Volk, G Richards, C Henk, A Reilley, A Bassil, N Postman, J AF Volk, Gayle Richards, Christopher Henk, Adam Reilley, Ann Bassil, Nahla Postman, Joseph TI Genetic diversity of wild Pyrus communis L. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 274 BP 1035 EP 1036 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700417 ER PT J AU Deng, ZA Hu, JU Goktepe, F Vick, BA Harbaugh, BK AF Deng, Zhanao Hu, Jinguo Goktepe, Fahrettin Vick, Brady A. Harbaugh, Brent K. TI Genetic variability and relationship of caladium cultivars as revealed with molecular markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 278 BP 1036 EP 1037 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700421 ER PT J AU Hu, JG Mou, BQ Vick, BA AF Hu, Jinguo Mou, Beiquan Vick, Brady A. TI Assessing genetic diversity of spinach germplasm using TRAP markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 276 BP 1036 EP 1036 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700419 ER PT J AU Dougher, T Day, T Johnson, P Kopp, K Majerus, M AF Dougher, Traev Day, Toby Johnson, Paul Kopp, Kelly Majerus, Mark TI Intermountain west native and adapted grass species and their management for turfgrass applications SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. RI Kopp, Kelly/G-2561-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 51 BP 1037 EP 1037 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700424 ER PT J AU Reed, SM AF Reed, Sandra M. TI Evaluation of self-compatibility in Clethra alnifolia SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 239 BP 1040 EP 1040 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700437 ER PT J AU Wang, C AF Wang, Chien TI The use of essential oils as natural preservatives for berry fruits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 187 BP 1042 EP 1043 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700448 ER PT J AU Windham, M Trigiano, R Fare, D Pounders, C Vito, L Mynes, J AF Windham, Mark Trigiano, Robert Fare, Donna Pounders, Cecil Vito, Lisa Mynes, James TI Encore azalea selections for the mid south SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Natl Arboretum, USDA, ARS, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. USDA, ARS, Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 59 BP 1042 EP 1042 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700446 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, J AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Collins, Julie TI UVC light treatment reduces decay of blueberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 191 BP 1043 EP 1043 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700452 ER PT J AU Baldwin, E Narciso, J Cameron, R Plotto, A AF Baldwin, Elizabeth Narciso, Jan Cameron, Randy Plotto, Anne TI Effect of pectin oligomers on strawberry fruit decay and ethylene production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 193 BP 1044 EP 1044 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700454 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Peterson, JK Snook, ME AF Harrison, Howard F. Peterson, Joseph K. Snook, Maurice E. TI Monogalactosyl-diglyceride contents in sweetpotato clones SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30601 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 250 BP 1046 EP 1047 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700467 ER PT J AU McCollum, G Bowman, K Gottwald, T AF McCollum, Greg Bowman, Kim Gottwald, Tim TI Screening citrus germplasm for resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 262 BP 1048 EP 1049 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700477 ER PT J AU Beckman, T Krewer, G Chaparro, J AF Beckman, Thomas Krewer, Gerard Chaparro, Jose TI Progress in developing non-melting-flesh peaches for fresh-market use SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 264 BP 1049 EP 1049 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700479 ER PT J AU Porret, N Cousins, P Owens, C AF Porret, Naomi Cousins, Peter Owens, Christopher TI DNA sequence variation within the promoter of VvmybA1 associates with flesh pigmentation of intensely colored grape varieties SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 265 BP 1049 EP 1049 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700480 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Barckley, K Manthey, J AF Bai, Jinhe Barckley, Kristi Manthey, John TI Effect of harvest maturity on quality of pear salad SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 199 BP 1051 EP 1051 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700488 ER PT J AU Galli, F Koslanund, R Archbold, DD Pomper, KW AF Galli, Federica Koslanund, Rumphan Archbold, Douglas D. Pomper, Kirk W. TI Common strategies to manipulate pre- and postharvest ripening of fruit fail with pawpaw SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Kentucky State Univ, USDA, Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Species, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 198 BP 1051 EP 1051 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700487 ER PT J AU Argenta, L Fan, XT Mattheis, J AF Argenta, Luiz Fan, Xuetong Mattheis, James TI Responses of 'Golden Delicious' apples to 1-MCP applied in air and water SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EPAGRI, Expt Extens Cacador, BR-89500000 Cacador, SC, Brazil. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 203 BP 1052 EP 1052 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700492 ER PT J AU Li, YG Windham, MT Trigiano, RN Fare, DC Spiers, JM Copes, WE AF Li, Yonghao Windham, Mark T. Trigiano, Robert N. Fare, Donna C. Spiers, James M. Copes, Warren E. TI Microscopic and macroscopic studies on the development of Puccinia hemerocallidis in resistant and susceptible daylily cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 44 BP 1054 EP 1054 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700502 ER PT J AU Stringer, SJ Marshall, DA Spiers, JM Sampson, BJ AF Stringer, Stephen J. Marshall, Donna A. Spiers, James M. Sampson, Blair J. TI Performance of muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia michx) cultivars in Mississippi SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 123 BP 1069 EP 1069 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700569 ER PT J AU Fery, RL AF Fery, Richard L. TI GreenPack-DG, a pinkeye-type southernpea with an enhanced persistent green seed phenotype SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 258 BP 1073 EP 1073 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700589 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Thies, JA AF Fery, Richard L. Thies, Judy A. TI TigerPaw-NR, a root-knot nematode resistant, Habanero-type pepper SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 259 BP 1073 EP 1073 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700590 ER PT J AU Webber, CL Russo, VM Shrefler, JW AF Webber, Charles L. Russo, Vincent M. Shrefler, James W. TI Non-pungent jalapeno pepper yields and preplant-incorporated herbicides SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, WWAREC, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 24 BP 1074 EP 1074 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700594 ER PT J AU Vitanza, S Welty, C Bennett, M Miller, S Derksen, R AF Vitanza, Salvador Welty, Celeste Bennett, Mark Miller, Sally Derksen, Richard TI Effect of plant stand density and pesticide application technology on insect pests and diseases in of bell peppers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 27 BP 1075 EP 1075 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700597 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Trigiano, RN AF Wang, Xinwang Trigiano, Robert N. TI Analysis of genetic diversity in selected Cornus species using SSR markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, MSA Small Fruits Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 290 BP 1077 EP 1078 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700608 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Webber, CL Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, J Russo, VM AF Davis, Angela R. Webber, Charles L., III Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Collins, Julie Russo, Vincent M. TI Impact of variety and production method on yield and quality of organically grown watermelon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 153 BP 1080 EP 1080 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700618 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD Lester, GF AF Whitaker, Bruce D. Lester, Gene F. TI Phospholipase d alpha and lipoxygenase gene expression in fruit, floral, and vegetative tissues of 'Honey Brew' hybrid honeydew melon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 168 BP 1081 EP 1081 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700623 ER PT J AU Wang, SO Lewers, K Bowman, L Ding, M AF Wang, Shiow Lewers, Kimberly Bowman, Linda Ding, Min TI Strawberries inhibit cancer cell proliferation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 172 BP 1082 EP 1082 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700627 ER PT J AU Krizek, D Saftner, R Park, E Abbott, J Camp, M Clark, D AF Krizek, Donald Saftner, Robert Park, Eunhee Abbott, Judith Camp, Mary Clark, David TI Yield data from 2005 and instrumental and sensory evaluation of tomato fruits from plants grown in high tunnels at Beltsville, Md., or obtained from commercial sources SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biomet Consulting Serv, BA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 176 BP 1083 EP 1083 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700631 ER PT J AU Gilreath, JP Santos, BM Noling, JW Locascio, SJ Dickson, DW Rosskopf, EN Olson, SM AF Gilreath, JP Santos, BM Noling, JW Locascio, SJ Dickson, DW Rosskopf, EN Olson, SM TI Performance of containerized and bare-root transplants with soil fumigants for Florida strawberry production SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fragaria x ananassa; ring nematode; nutsedge; methyl bromide; 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; metam; napropamide ID METHYL-BROMIDE; ALTERNATIVES AB Field studies were conducted in three Florida locations (Bradenton, Gainesville, and Quincy) during 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to: 1) compare the performance of two transplant systems under diverse MBr alternative programs in 'Chandler' strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), and 2) determine the efficacy of these treatments on soilborne pest control in strawberry. Fumigant treatments were: 1) nonfumigated control, 2) methyl bromide plus chloropicrin (MBr + Pic) at a rate of 350 lb/acre, 3) Pic at 300 lb/acre and napropamide at 4 lb/acre, 4) 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) plus Pic at 35 gal/acre and napropamide at 4 lb/acre, 5) metam sodium (MNa) at 60 gal/acre and napropamide at 4 lb/acre, and 6) MNa followed by 1,3-D at 60 and 12 gal/acre and napropamide at 4 lb/acre, respectively. Strawberry transplants were either bare-root or containerized plugs. There were no significant fumigant by transplant type interactions for strawberry plant vigor and root weight per plant, whereas ring nematode (Criconema spp.) and nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C eseulentus) populations, and total marketable fruit weight were only influenced by fumigant application. The nonfumigated plots had the lowest strawberry plant vigor and root weight per plant in all three locations. In most cases, plant vigor and root biomass per plant increased as a response to any fumigant application. With regard to the transplant type, bare-root transplants had similar plant vigor as plugs in two of the three locations. Fumigation improved nutsedge and ring nematode control. All fumigants had higher early and total marketable yield than the nonfumigated control, whereas transplant type had no effect on total fruit weight. C1 Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Entomol & Nematol Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Gilreath, JP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. EM bmsa-ntos@ufl.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 461 EP 465 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 056VH UT WOS:000238552700019 ER PT J AU Linderman, RG Davis, EA AF Linderman, RG Davis, EA TI Survival of Phytophthora ramorum compared to other species of Phytophthora in potting media components, compost, and soil SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ornamentals; Phytophthora cactorum; P. citricola; P. citrophthora; sudden oak death; ramorum blight; ramorum shoot dieback ID RHODODENDRON; CALIFORNIA; VIBURNUM AB Phytophthora ramorum, while thought to be primarily an aboveground pathogen, can be introduced into soilless potting media in the nursery industry as sporangia or chlamydospores and remain undetected while disseminated geographically. Inoculum of this pathogen, both North American (A-2 mating type) and European (A-1 mating type) isolates, was used to infest potting media components or soil, using either sporangia, chlamydospores produced in vermiculite culture, or dry infected 'Nova Zembla' rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) leaf pieces. Vermiculite chlamydospore/oospore inoculum of P. citricola, P. cactorum, and P. citrophthora were included for comparison. Survival was determined monthly by leaf disc baiting or direct plating on selective medium. Results indicated that R ramorum survived in most media components or soil for up to 6 months when introduced as sporangia, or up to 12 months as chlamydospores. However, it was not detected at all from infected rhododendron leaf pieces by either detection method. These results show that P. ramorum can survive in potting media if introduced as sporangia or chlamydospores, and accordingly the pathogen could be disseminated geographically without being detected visually. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Linderman, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM lindermr@science.oregonstate.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 502 EP 507 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 056VH UT WOS:000238552700026 ER PT J AU Posadas, BC Coker, CH Fain, G Knight, PR AF Posadas, BC Coker, CH Fain, G Knight, PR TI Consumer survey of selected garden chrysanthemum cultivars in Mississippi SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE level of liking; willingness to pay ID MANAGEMENT AB The objective of this survey was to determine the levels of liking and willingness to pay for selected garden chrysanthemum (Dendrantbema x grandiflorum) cultivars, and to measure relative influence of socioeconomic characteristics on consumer preferences and valuations. The survey was conducted during the 2003 Fall Flower and Garden Fest at the Truck Crops Experiment Station in Crystal Springs, Miss. Nine garden chrysanthemum cultivars were presented to 579 survey participants in three pot sizes. Respondents preferred 'Mithra Maroon', 'Venus Purple', 'Amory Yellow White', 'Adonis Purple', and 'Road Runner Bronze' more than 'Night Hawk Lemon', 'Freya Salmon', 'Amata. Purple', and 'Starlet Ivory'. Of the five preferred cultivars, however, respondents were willing to pay more for 'Mithra Maroon', 'Road Runner Bronze', and 'Amory Yellow White'. Consumers of White or Caucasian origin liked the cultivars less and were willing to pay less for them as compared to other respondents who reported other racial origins, primarily Native Americans and African Americans. The levels of liking for the cultivars were similar for participants of different gender classification, but female respondents were willing to pay more for the cultivars. Respondents who previously bought chrysanthemums reported higher level of liking for the cultivars but were not willing to pay more for them. Participants who were interviewed on Saturday liked the cultivars more but were willing to pay less than those who were interviewed on Friday. Larger-sized households tended to like the cultivars less and were not willing to pay more for the cultivars. Respondents did not like the cultivars in larger-sized pots and were not willing to pay more for plants in larger-sized pots included in the survey. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Posadas, BC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, 1815 Popps Ferry Rd, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 539 EP 543 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 056VH UT WOS:000238552700033 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN Anderson, JK Wondzell, S LaNier, J Haggerty, R AF Gooseff, M. N. Anderson, J. K. Wondzell, S. M. LaNier, J. Haggerty, R. TI A modeling study of hyporheic exchange pattern and the sequence, size, and spacing of stream bedforms in mountain stream networks, Oregon, USA (Retraction of vol 19, pg 2915, 2005) SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Correction DE hyporheic zone; geomorphology; MODFLOW; groundwater flow modelling; spatial scaling ID SURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; ZONE; RIVER; FLOW; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; CREEK; REACH AB Studies of hyporheic exchange flows have identified physical features of channels that control exchange flow at the channel unit scale, namely slope breaks in the longitudinal profile of streams that generate subsurface head distributions. We recently completed a field study that suggested channel unit spacing in stream longitudinal profiles can be used to predict the spacing between zones of upwelling (flux of hyporheic water into the stream) and downwelling (flux of stream water into the hyporheic zone) in the beds of mountain streams. Here, we use two-dimensional groundwater flow and particle tracking models to simulate vertical and longitudinal hyporheic exchange along the longitudinal axis of stream flow in second-, third-, and fourth-order mountain stream reaches. Modelling allowed us to (1) represent visually the effect that the shape of the longitudinal profile has on the flow net beneath streambeds: (2) isolate channel unit sequence and spacing as individual factors controlling the depth that stream water penetrates the hyporheic zone and the length of upwelling and downwelling zones: (3) evaluate the degree to which the effects of regular patterns in bedform size and sequence are masked by irregularities in real streams. We simulated hyporheic exchange in two sets of idealized stream reaches and one set of observed stream reaches. Idealized profiles were constructed using regression equations relating channel form to basin area. The size and length of channel units (step size, pool length. etc.) increased with increasing stream order. Simulations of hyporheic exchange flows in these reaches suggested that upwelling lengths increased (from 2.7 m to 7.6 m), and downwelling lengths increased (from 2.9 m to 6-0 m) with increase in stream order from second to fourth order. Step spacing in the idealized reaches increased from 5-3 m to 13.7 m as stream size increased from second to fourth order. Simulated downwelling lengths increased from 4.3 m in second-order streams to 9.7 m in fourth-order streams with a POOL-RIFFLE -STEP channel unit sequence, and increased from 2.5 m to 6.1 m from second- to fourth-order streams with a POOL-STEP-RIFFLE channel unit sequence. Upwelling lengths also increased with stream order in these idealized channels. Our results suggest that channel unit spacing, size, and sequence are all important in determining hyporheic exchange patterns of upwelling and downwelling. Though irregularities in the size and spacing of bedforms caused flow nets to be much more complex in surveyed stream reaches than in idealized stream reaches, similar trends ernerged relating the average geomorphic wavelength to the average hyporheic wavelength in both surveyed and idealized reaches. This article replaces a previously published version (Hydrological Processes, 19(17), 2915-2929 (2005) [DOI: 10.1002/hyp.5790]. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mgooseff@mines.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2441 EP + DI 10.1002/hyp.6350 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 063RZ UT WOS:000239038600012 ER PT J AU Erives, H Fitzgerald, GJ AF Erives, Hector Fitzgerald, Glenn J. TI Automatic subpixel registration for a tunable hyperspectral imaging system SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral instrument; image registration; phase correlation; Portable Tunable Hyperspectral Imager ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE AB Hyperspectral imagery of the Earth's surface is increasingly being acquired from aerial platforms. The many bands acquired by typical hyperspectral instruments are collected either in a push-broom, scanning, or staring fashion. Staring methods can be used in ground- and aerial-based applications and have the advantage of readily producing coherent images. Staring remote sensing instruments need some form of coregistration to match hand-to-hand pixel locations because it takes some time for the instrument to acquire images and save them as the aerial platform moves above the target scene. A well-known method for, registration is the phase correlation (PC), which may be used to register images to an accuracy of +/-1 pixels. This letter reports an enhancement to the PC method that allows for subpixel registration of hyperspectral images. The x-y location at which the maximum correlation function occurs is fitted with a cubic interpolation to find the maximum. This method was implemented to recover subpixel rotation and translation accuracy from an airborne hyperspectral imaging system, dubbed the Portable Hyperspectral Tunable Imaging System. Results showed that the approach improves up to 9.5% of the normalized cross correlation between wavebands in comparison with the PC method alone. C1 New Mexico Technol, Hyperspectral Imaging Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USDA, Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85044 USA. RP Erives, H (reprint author), New Mexico Technol, Hyperspectral Imaging Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM erives@ee.nmt.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2006.873346 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 066XA UT WOS:000239262600024 ER PT J AU Morisette, JT Baret, F Privette, JL Myneni, RB Nickeson, JE Garrigues, S Shabanov, NV Weiss, M Fernandes, RA Leblanc, SG Kalacska, M Sanchez-Azofeifa, GA Chubey, M Rivard, B Stenberg, P Rautiainen, M Voipio, P Manninen, T Pilant, AN Lewis, TE Iiames, JS Colombo, R Meroni, M Busetto, L Cohen, WB Turner, DP Warner, ED Petersen, GW Seufert, G Cook, R AF Morisette, Jeffrey T. Baret, Frederic Privette, Jeffrey L. Myneni, Ranga B. Nickeson, Jaime E. Garrigues, Sebastien Shabanov, Nikolay V. Weiss, Marie Fernandes, Richard A. Leblanc, Sylvain G. Kalacska, Margaret Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. Arturo Chubey, Michael Rivard, Benoit Stenberg, Pauline Rautiainen, Miina Voipio, Pekka Manninen, Terhikki Pilant, Andrew N. Lewis, Timothy E. Iiames, John S. Colombo, Roberto Meroni, Michele Busetto, Lorenzo Cohen, Warren B. Turner, David P. Warner, Eric D. Petersen, G. W. Seufert, Guenter Cook, Robert TI Validation of global moderate-resolution LAI products: A framework proposed within the CEOS Land Product Validation subgroup SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS); leaf area index (LAI); validation ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; LIGHT-INTERCEPTION EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; SATELLITE IMAGERY; BOREAL FORESTS; ABSORBED PAR; SIMPLE RATIO; SURFACE; PARAMETERS AB Initiated in 1984, the Committee Earth Observing Satellites' Working Group on Calibration and Validation (CEOS WGCV) pursues activities to coordinate, standardize and advance calibration and validation of civilian satellites and their data. One subgroup of CEOS WGCV, Land Product Validation (LPV), was established in 2000 to define standard validation guidelines and protocols and to foster data and information exchange relevant to the validation of land products. Since then, a number of leaf area index (LAI) products have become available to the science community at both global and regional extents. Having multiple global LAI products and multiple, disparate validation activities related to these products presents the opportunity to realize efficiency through international collaboration. So the LPV subgroup established an international LAI intercomparison validation activity. This paper describes the main components of this international validation effort. The paper documents the current participants, their ground LAI measurements and scaling techniques, and the metadata and infrastructure established to share data. The paper concludes by describing plans for sharing both field data and high-resolution LAI products from each site. Many considerations of this global LAI intercomparison can apply to other products, and this paper presents a framework for such collaboration. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. INRA, CSE, F-84914 Avignon, France. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Incorp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Alberta, EOSL, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Stn, FIN-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00191 Helsinki, Finland. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Terr, Lab Telerilevamento, I-20126 Milan, Italy. US Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Joint Res Ctr Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, Ispra, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morisette, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jeff.morisette@nasa.gov RI Seufert, Gunther/J-9918-2013; Rautiainen, Miina/A-4208-2009; Meroni, Michele/F-2363-2010; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Baret, Fred/C-4135-2011; Busetto, Lorenzo/M-1600-2014; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012 OI Seufert, Gunther/0000-0002-6019-6688; Rautiainen, Miina/0000-0002-6568-3258; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Baret, Fred/0000-0002-7655-8997; Kalacska, Margaret/0000-0002-1676-481X; Weiss, Marie/0000-0002-2341-667X; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Busetto, Lorenzo/0000-0001-9634-6038; NR 73 TC 192 Z9 209 U1 5 U2 45 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1804 EP 1817 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872529 PN 1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 061IJ UT WOS:000238864700013 ER PT J AU Cohen, WB Maiersperger, TK Turner, DP Ritts, WD Pflugmacher, D Kennedy, RE Kirschbaum, A Running, SW Costa, M Gower, ST AF Cohen, Warren B. Maiersperger, Thomas K. Turner, David P. Ritts, William D. Pflugmacher, Dirk Kennedy, Robert E. Kirschbaum, Alan Running, Steven W. Costa, Marcos Gower, Stith T. TI MODIS land cover and LAI collection 4 product quality across nine sites in the western hemisphere SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE land cover; Landsat; Leaf Area Index (LAI); Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS); scaling; validation ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; IN-SITU; CARBON; ECOSYSTEM; FORESTS; PINE; DISTURBANCE; VALIDATION AB Global maps of land cover and leaf area index (LAI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) reflectance data are an important resource in studies of global change, but errors in these must be characterized and well understood. Product validation requires careful scaling from ground and related measurements to a grain commensurate with MODIS products. We present an updated BigFoot project protocol for developing 25-m validation data layers over 49-km(2) study areas. Results from comparisons of MODIS and BigFoot land cover and LAI products at nine contrasting sites are reported. In terms of proportional coverage, MODIS and BigFoot land cover were in close agreement at six sites. The largest differences were at low tree cover evergreen needleleaf sites and at an Arctic tundra site where the MODIS product overestimated woody cover proportions. At low leaf biomass sites there was reasonable agreement between MODIS and BigFoot LAI products, but there was not a particular MODIS LAI algorithm pathway that consistently compared most favorably. At high leaf biomass sites, MODIS LAI was generally overpredicted by a significant amount. For evergreen needleleaf sites, LAI seasonality was exaggerated by MODIS. Our results suggest incremental improvement from Collection 3 to Collection 4 MODIS products, with some remaining problems that need to be addressed. C1 USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu RI Costa, Marcos/A-5695-2009 OI Costa, Marcos/0000-0001-6874-9315 NR 39 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1843 EP 1857 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.876026 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 061IJ UT WOS:000238864700016 ER PT J AU Heinsch, FA Zhao, MS Running, SW Kimball, JS Nemani, RR Davis, KJ Bolstad, PV Cook, BD Desai, AR Ricciuto, DM Law, BE Oechel, WC Kwon, H Luo, HY Wofsy, SC Dunn, AL Munger, JW Baldocchi, DD Xu, LK Hollinger, DY Richardson, AD Stoy, PC Siqueira, MBS Monson, RK Burns, SP Flanagan, LB AF Heinsch, Faith Ann Zhao, Maosheng Running, Steven W. Kimball, John S. Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Davis, Kenneth J. Bolstad, Paul V. Cook, Bruce D. Desai, Ankur R. Ricciuto, Daniel M. Law, Beverly E. Oechel, Walter C. Kwon, Hyojung Luo, Hongyan Wofsy, Steven C. Dunn, Allison L. Munger, J. William Baldocchi, Dennis D. Xu, Liukang Hollinger, David Y. Richardson, Andrew D. Stoy, Paul C. Siqueira, Mario B. S. Monson, Russell K. Burns, Sean P. Flanagan, Lawrence B. TI Evaluation of remote sensing based terrestrial productivity from MODIS using regional tower eddy flux network observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; CO2 eddy covariance flux [net ecosystem exchange (NEE)]; gross primary production (GPP); Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); remote sensing; Terra ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTHERN TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; LEAF-AREA INDEX; LAND-COVER; ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE AB The Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor has provided near real-time estimates of gross primary production (GPP) since March 2000. We compare four years (2000 to 2003) of satellite-based calculations of GPP with tower eddy CO2 flux-based estimates across diverse land cover types and climate regimes. We examine the potential error contributions from meteorology, leaf area index (LAI)/fPAR, and land cover. The error between annual GPP computed from NASA's Data Assimilation Office's (DAO) and tower-based meteorology is 28%, indicating that NASA's DAO global meteorology plays an important role in the accuracy of the GPP algorithm. Approximately 62% of MOD15-based estimates of LAI were within the estimates based on field optical measurements, although remaining values overestimated site values. Land cover presented the fewest errors, with most errors within the forest classes, reducing potential error. Tower-based and MODIS estimates of annual GPP compare favorably for most biomes, although MODIS GPP overestimates tower-based calculations by 20%-30%. Seasonally, summer estimates of MODIS GPP are closest to tower data, and spring estimates are the worst, most likely the result of the relatively rapid onset of leaf-out. The results of this study indicate, however, that the current MODIS GPP algorithm shows reasonable spatial patterns and temporal variability across a diverse range of biomes and climate regimes. So, while continued efforts are needed to isolate particular problems in specific biomes, we are optimistic about the general quality of these data, and continuation of the MOD17 GPP product will likely provide a key component of global terrestrial ecosystem analysis, providing continuous weekly measurements of global vegetation production. C1 Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. RP Heinsch, FA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM faithann@ntsg.umt.edu RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Stoy, Paul/D-3709-2011; Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Stoy, Paul/0000-0002-6053-6232; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X NR 72 TC 298 Z9 309 U1 12 U2 122 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1908 EP 1925 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.853936 PN 1 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 061IJ UT WOS:000238864700022 ER PT J AU Carlson, A Skadsen, R Kaeppler, HF AF Carlson, Alvar Skadsen, Ron Kaeppler, Heidi F. TI Barley hordothionin accumulates in transgenic oat seeds and purified protein retains anti-fungal properties in vitro SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; Fusarium graminearum; hordothionin; transgene ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; THIONINS; GENES; SEQUENCES; FUNGI; WALL AB Transgenic anti-fungal gene expression in heterologous species provides a means to test resistance protein combinations across species barriers. This is the first report of transgenic anti-fungal seed storage protein accumulation in oat seed. An anti-fungal barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hordothionin (Hth1) gene was genetically engineered into oat (Avena sativa L.) to determine the effect of hordothionin on pathogen resistance. The transgene was expressed in both leaf and seed tissue, with transgenic protein accumulation occurring only in the seed. Transgenic oat line HTH-Av5 expressed c. 94 mu g HTH/g seed, 19% of native barley seed levels. The anti-fungal activities of HTH fractions from barley cv. Morex and oat (transgenic and control) were tested in an in vitro growth assay against an important small grain pathogen, Fusarium graminearum. The partially purified HTH fractions from control oat seeds did not inhibit fungal growth, while HPLC-purified HTH positive control, as well as partially purified barley and transgenic oat HTH inhibited growth similarly over a range of concentrations. These results indicate hordothionin can be expressed in a heterologous cereal species and still maintain its anti-fungal properties. Future studies with HTH targeted to additional tissues are planned to test for increased fungal resistance. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kaeppler, HF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hfkaeppl@wisc.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1079/IVP2006780 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 076QD UT WOS:000239971900002 ER PT J AU Bedir, E Tellez, M Lata, H Khan, I Cushman, KE Moraes, RM AF Bedir, E Tellez, M Lata, H Khan, I Cushman, KE Moraes, RM TI Post-harvest and scale-up extraction of American mayapple leaves for podophyllotoxin production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE podophyllum; lignans; biomass; handling; drying ID CASH-CROP; PELTATUM; ETOPOSIDE; TOPOISOMERASE; VP-16-213; YIELD; DNA AB Leaves of American mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) are of interest to the pharmaceutical industry as an alternative source of podophyllotoxin, an aryltetralin lignan that is the precursor of widely used anticancer drugs etoposide, teniposide, and etopophos. In this study, the effects of post-harvest handling were evaluated by inflicting physical damage to leaves of mayapple to simulate rough handling. The effects of storage conditions before and after being dried were also evaluated. In addition, techniques for conducting large-scale extractions of podophyllotoxin from bulk samples were investigated. Crushing injury, damaging the leaves in more than 70% of its area, has improved podophyllotoxin content of leaves when dried at 40 degrees C within 24 h of harvest. In contrast, podophyllotoxin content was greatly reduced when the leaves were dried at room temperature at 15% relative humidity and 24 degrees C. Podophyllotoxin was stable with no significant changes over time when the leaves were dried, ground, and stored under different conditions for up to 60 days. Based on these findings, mayapple leaves do not require careful handling at harvest. In fact, leaves can be handled in a manner consistent with mechanical injury as long as leaves are dried at 40 degrees C within 24 h. Leaves can then be stored for up to 60 days, and probably much longer, when dry. If leaves cannot be dried in a timely manner, they can be stored at 4 degrees C for up to 4 weeks without significant loss of podophyllotoxin. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Ege Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pharmacol, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. UF, IFAS, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. RP Moraes, RM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM rmoraes@olemiss.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.10.001 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 055VK UT WOS:000238478500001 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Adam, NR Mackey, BE Dahlquist, GH Coffelt, TA AF Dierig, DA Adam, NR Mackey, BE Dahlquist, GH Coffelt, TA TI Temperature and elevation effects on plant growth, development, and seed production of two Lesquerella species SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE biomass production; elevation gradient; phenology; seed yield; seed oil; new crops ID GERMPLASM; FENDLERI AB A potential new alternative oilseed crop from the genus Lesquerella is being domesticated for the southwestern United States and other and climates of the world. This crop has seed oil rich in hydroxy fatty acids used to produce a variety of industrial, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. Many of the industrial products are replacements for non-degradable and non-renewable petroleum-based products such as hydraulic fluids, surfactants, 2-cycle engine oils, automotive oils, protective coatings, drying agents, and plastics. L. fendleri is the main species being utilized for crop development, although other species are being utilized for introgression of useful traits into L. fendleri. The objective was to determine field sites suitable for crop production. Two species, L. fendleri and another we refer to as 'L. pallida aff.' because it differed from typical L pallida plants in chromosome number and in oil quality, were planted in the fall of 2003 at various sites in Arizona that ranged in elevation from 300 to 1200 m asl, and -13.2 to 38.8 degrees C in temperature over the growing season. The four sites included Phoenix, Tucson, Safford, and Patagonia. Plants of L. fendleri developed flowers and fruits by the week of 21 March at Phoenix and Tucson, but one month later at the two higher elevation sites. Plant height, width, and biomass measured during the season indicated that plants at the two lower elevations grew nearly two times taller and wider, and over five times the biomass of the plants at the higher elevations. Seed yields followed the same trend. However, oil contents were very similar over the four elevations. Plants of L pallida aff. were almost all flowering and fruiting by 04 April at Tucson, two weeks later at Phoenix, and not until 02 May at the two higher elevations. Plants were tallest and widest throughout the season at Tucson until final harvest. Plants at Patagonia at final harvest were as tall and wide, had greater biomass and seed yields than Tucson and Phoenix. These results indicate that L. fendleri is suitable for production in areas below 700 m. Plants of L. pallida aff. were more productive at the highest elevation of 1219 m. It was not entirely clear as to how plants of either species would have performed at the 884 m elevation site due to high plant mortality at the early growth stage. Results indicate that production areas for L. fendleri may be expanded with the introgression of genes from L. pallida aff. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM ddierig@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 16 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.10.004 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 055VK UT WOS:000238478500003 ER PT J AU Shey, J Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Shey, J Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ TI Properties of baked starch foam with natural rubber latex SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE foam; starch; biodegradable; packaging; natural rubber; latex ID FIBER AB Petroleum-based synthetic plastics used for making consumer articles constitute the largest non-renewable source of municipal solid waste in the United States. Containers and packaging products represent the largest group within plastic waste in municipal landfills. Efforts are being made worldwide to search for renewable and biodegradable substitutes for non-biodegradable plastics. Starch from surplus commodity crops has been investigated as a possible replacement, but it does have some disadvantages such as its susceptibility to water owing to its highly hydrophilic nature. To improve the water resistance of starch-based products, we incorporated natural rubber latex into baked starch foams based on wheat, potato, and waxy corn starches. While latex increases the density of the foam, it also improves the flexibility of the product. Stabilization of the latex with non-ionic additives helped prevent irregularities in the foam product. The flexural properties of these foams are comparable with commercial products and can be 'tuned' by varying the starch type and adjusting the latex concentration. Latex also decreases the equilibrium moisture content and decreases the effect of higher humidity on the foam products. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Shey, J (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jshey@pw.usda.gov NR 17 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.12.001 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 055VK UT WOS:000238478500005 ER PT J AU Phippen, WB Isbell, TA Phippen, ME AF Phippen, WB Isbell, TA Phippen, ME TI Total seed oil and fatty acid methyl ester contents of Cuphea accessions SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cuphea sp.; gas chromatography; seed oil; fatty acid methyl ester AB Many Cuphea species have been identified as potential new sources of unique fatty acids for both the lubricant and soap and detergent industries. Current breeding programs have focused on improving agronomic traits to make Cuphea suitable for commercial production. Breeding programs are now focusing on altering total oil and fatty acid content with a special interest in lauric and capric acids. Accessions identified as high in oil content and rich in single fatty acids will be introgressed into the current agronomically sound breeding lines. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable and efficient method for evaluating Cuphea accessions for their total oil and fatty acid content in Cuphea seed. One hundred and eighty-five accessions of Cuphea were screened for their total oil and fatty acid content. Total oil content was determined by nondestructive pulsed NMR on whole Cuphea seed. Previous extraction and derivatization procedures were combined and optimized to minimize time and complexity in extracting medium-chain triglycerides and derivatizing them into fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatographic analysis. Extraction and derivatization procedures were validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and sample stability. Total oil content ranged from 10.1% in Cuphea llavea to 39.5% in Cuphea wrightii var. wrightii with a 2.5% relative standard deviation. C. llavea had the highest levels of capric acid at 92.0%. The highest levels of lauric acid were present in C. wrightii var. wrightii at 72.8%. Samples were stable for 24 h at room temperature. Recoveries for methyl caprate and methyl laurate were 98%. Relative standard deviations for methyl caprate and methyl laurate were 2.9% and 6.1%, respectively. Validation results demonstrated that the extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatographic analysis produced reliable and reproducible results. The Cuphea species identified in this study can serve as potential new sources for high seed oil content and fatty acids to be introduced into the current advanced breeding lines. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Western Illinois Univ, Dept Agr, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. ARS, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Crops Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Phippen, WB (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Agr, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM wb-phippen@wiu.edu NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.02.001 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 055VK UT WOS:000238478500008 ER PT J AU Suderman, RJ Dittmer, NT Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ AF Suderman, Richard J. Dittmer, Neal T. Kanost, Michael R. Kramer, Karl J. TI Model reactions for insect cuticle sclerotization: Cross-linking of recombinant cuticular proteins upon their laccase-catalyzed oxidative conjugation with catechols (vol 36, pg 353, 2006) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kanost, MR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, 103 Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kanost@ksu.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 7 BP 610 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.05.001 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 071PS UT WOS:000239614700010 ER PT J AU Kringel, H Iburg, T Dawson, H Aasted, B Roepstorff, A AF Kringel, Helene Iburg, Tine Dawson, Harry Aasted, Bent Roepstorff, Allan TI A time course study of immunological responses in Trichuris suis infected pigs demonstrates induction of a local type 2 response associated with worm burden SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichuris suis; immune response; eosinophils; mast cells ID EOTAXIN RECEPTOR CCR3; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTION; EXCRETORY-SECRETORY PRODUCTS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; ACTIVE ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; OXIDE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; HUMAN MAST-CELLS; HELMINTH INFECTION AB In order to investigate immunological changes over time in pigs infected with Trichuris suis, we inoculated 40 pigs with 5000 infective T suis eggs and left 40 pigs as uninfected controls. Equal numbers of pigs from both groups were sacrificed every other week from 1 to 11 weeks p.i. At necropsy tissue samples were collected from all pigs and their worm burdens were determined. In the proximal colon of T. suis-infected pigs infiltration of eosinophils peaked 5 weeks p.i. and mast cell infiltration developed from 5 to I I weeks p.i. Histological evaluation of the proximal colon revealed that the presence of T suis was closely associated with intestinal histopathological changes such as crypt hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia and a general hypertrophy of mucosa. The crypt lengths were positively associated with worm burdens. Real-time PCR analysis of genes related to immune function indicate a local increased transcription of genes coding for CCR3, ARG1, MUC5AC, IL-4, IL-5, IL- 13, Fc epsilon FR1 alpha, and IL-13R alpha 2 and decreased expression of genes coding for iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-10, CD3 epsilon:, CD80, CD86, IL-4R alpha, IL-13R alpha 1 and CD40 in the proximal colon of pigs infected with T suis. This local T-helper cell Type 2-like gene-expression pattern indicates that the Type 2 immune response characteristic of helminth infections in both mouse and humans also develops in pigs infected with T suis. The results from this study expand our knowledge of the immunomodulatory effect of T suis, a parasite that has proven effective in treating inflammatory bowel disease, when its eggs are administered regularly to patients. (c) 2006 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Pathol Lab, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Immunol Sect, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kringel, H (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Dyrloegevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM helk@kvl.dk RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 86 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.04.008 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 068NB UT WOS:000239379900007 PM 16750534 ER PT J AU Suarez, CE Norimine, J Lacy, P McElwain, TF AF Suarez, Carlos E. Norimine, Junzo Lacy, Paul McElwain, Terry F. TI Characterization and gene expression of Babesia bovis elongation factor-1 alpha SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; Elongation factor-1 alpha; transfection; electroporation; luciferase; promoters ID ELONGATION FACTOR-1-ALPHA; INVITRO CULTIVATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; IMMUNODOMINANT; TRANSGENES; EPITOPES; PROMOTER; SEQUENCE; STRAIN; CATTLE AB Elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) is a constitutively expressed, abundant protein that is a key element in eukaryotic protein translation. Because of its high level of transcription, the EF-1 alpha promoter has been utilised to drive exogenous gene expression in transfected cells. In this study, we identified and characterised the ef-1 alpha locus of Babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, and examined the transcriptional activity of the EF-1 alpha promoter. The ef-1 alpha locus in the T(2)Bo strain of B. bovis contains two identical ef-1 alpha genes ('A' and 'B') arranged in a head to head orientation and separated by a 1.4 kb intergenic (IG) region containing a 260 bp terminal inverted repeat. Both ef-1 alpha genes encode identical proteins with 448 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 49 kDa. While the B. bovis ef-1 alpha-IG sequence is conserved among multiple strains of B. bovis, it is not significantly related to any regulatory sequence in the DNA databases. The IG region promotes expression of both ef-1 alpha genes. Both fragment Ig-A containing 730 bp upstream of ef-1 alpha open reading frame A and fragment Ig-B containing 720 bp upstream of ef-1 alpha open reading frame B were able to promote luciferase in transient transfection. In the 5' to 3' orientation, the Ig-B fragment resulted in the highest level of luciferase activity, 10 times higher than positive control plasmid p40-15-luc containing the rap-1 IG region, suggesting that this fragment contains a very strong promoter. Analysis of ef-1 alpha transcripts confirms that both ef-la genes are transcribed in merozoites. Interestingly, in contrast to other related intra-erythrocytic apicomplexans, the ef-1 alpha locus of B. bovis contains a 160 bp intron in the 5' untranslated region. (c) 2006 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Suarez, CE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ces@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP 965 EP 973 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.022 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 068NB UT WOS:000239379900012 PM 16677650 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Huang, LH Thippareddi, HH AF Juneja, Vijay K. Huang, Lihan Thippareddi, Harshvardhan H. TI Predictive model for growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked cured pork SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C. perfringens; cured pork; cooling; predictive model ID CONSTANTLY RISING TEMPERATURES; SODIUM-NITRITE; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; COOLING RATE; GROUND-BEEF; SPORES; FOOD; OUTGROWTH; STORAGE; MEAT AB Mathematical models have been developed and used for predicting growth of foodborne pathogens in various food matrices. However, these early models either used microbiological media or other model systems to develop the predictive models. Some of these models have been shown to be inaccurate for applications in meat and specific food matrices, especially under dynamic conditions, such as constantly changing temperatures that are encountered during food processing. The objective of this investigation was to develop a model for predicting growth of Clostridium perfringens from spore inocula in cured pork ham. Isothermal growth of C perfringens at various temperatures from 10 to 48.9 degrees C were evaluated using a methodology that employed a numerical technique to solve a set of differential equations. The estimated theoretical minimum and maximum growth temperatures of C. perfringens in cooked cured pork were 13.5 and 50.6 degrees C, respectively. The kinetic and growth parameters obtained from this study can be used in evaluating growth of C perfringens from spore populations during dynamically changing temperature conditions such as those encountered in meat processing. Further, this model can be successfully used to design microbiologically "safe" cooling regimes for cured pork hams and similar products. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjuneja@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.01.038 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 071EG UT WOS:000239580400011 PM 16697066 ER PT J AU Powell, MR AF Powell, Mark R. TI Modeling the frequency and duration of microbial contamination events SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; uncertainty; variability; censored data; Listeria; RTE food AB The frequency and duration of microbial contamination events in the environment in which ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are exposed for processing and packaging is subject to uncertainty and variability. Variability, within-model parameter uncertainty, and uncertainty regarding model selection are formally considered in modeling the frequency and duration of such contamination events by Listeria species. The estimated duration of contamination events represents a case where variability dominates with relatively little uncertainty about parameter values or model form. The estimated frequency of contamination events represents a case where there is not only substantial variability but also considerable within-model parameter uncertainty, as well as some uncertainty regarding model selection. The Bayesian Information Criterion provides a formal way of taking into account model uncertainty. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, 1400 Independence Ave,SW,Room 4048 SAG, Washington, DC USA. EM mpowell@oce.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.01.034 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 071EG UT WOS:000239580400012 PM 16690153 ER PT J AU Atlantis, E Barnes, EH Singh, MAF AF Atlantis, E Barnes, EH Singh, MAF TI Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Review DE youth; meta-analysis; body fat; body weight; BMI; waist circumference ID METABOLIC SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESE CHILDREN; WEIGHT-LOSS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Background: Overweight prevalence among children/adolescents is increasing, while adult obesity may potentially cause a decline in life expectancy. More exercise is uniformly recommended, although treatment efficacy remains unclear. Objective: To determine the efficacy of exercise alone for treating overweight in children/adolescents. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials published in English were completed following multiple database searches performed on December 10, 2004. Studies of isolated or adjunctive exercise/physical activity treatment in overweight/obese children or adolescents which reported any overweight outcome were included. Literature searches identified 645 papers which were manually searched, of which 45 were considered for inclusion, of which 13 papers which reported 14 studies were included (N = 481 overweight boys and girls, aged similar to 12 years). Two reviewers independently identified relevant papers for potential inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Principal measures of effects included the mean difference (MD) (between treatment and control groups), the weighted MD (WMD), and the standardized MD (SMD). Results: Few studies were of robust design. The pooled SMD was -0.4 (-0.7, -0.1, P = 0.006) for percent body fat, and -0.2 (-0.6, 0.1, P = 0.07) for central obesity outcomes, whereas the pooled WMD was -2.7 kg (-6.1 kg, 0.8 kg, P = 0.07) for body weight, all of which favored exercise. Pooled effects on body weight were significant and larger for studies of higher doses, whereas nonsignificant and smaller effects were seen for studies of lower doses of exercise (155-180 min/weeks vs 120-150 min/weeks). Conclusions: Based on the small number of short-term randomized trials currently available, an aerobic exercise prescription of 155-180 min/weeks at moderate-to-high intensity is effective for reducing body fat in overweight children/adolescents, but effects on body weight and central obesity are inconclusive. Recommendations for future study designs are discussed. C1 Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. Univ Sydney, Clin Trials Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. RP Atlantis, E (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM E.Atlantis@fhs.usyd.edu.au RI Atlantis, Evan/D-8338-2012 NR 103 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1027 EP 1040 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803286 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 057TN UT WOS:000238618200002 PM 16534526 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bottner, KD Secor, G Rivera-Varas, V AF Lee, Ing-Ming Bottner, Kristi D. Secor, Gary Rivera-Varas, Viviana TI 'Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum' a phytoplasma associated with a potato purple top wilt disease complex SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; YELLOWS AB Potato purple top wilt (PPT) is a devastating disease that occurs in various regions of North America and Mexico. At least three distinct phytoplasma strains belonging to three different phytoplasma groups (16Srl, 16Srll and 16SrVl) have been associated with this disease. A new disease with symptoms similar to PPT was recently observed in Texas and Nebraska, USA. Two distinct phytoplasma strain clusters were identified. One belongs to the 16Srl phytoplasma. group, subgroup A, and the other is a novel phytoplasma that is most closely related to, and shares 96.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with, a member of group 16SrXll. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of the novel PPT-associated phytoplasma strains, previously described 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' organisms and other distinct unnamed phytoplasmas indicated that the novel phytoplasma, termed American potato purple top wilt (APPTW) phytoplasma, represents a distinct lineage and shares a common ancestor with stolbur phytoplasma, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense', 'Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum', 'Candidatus Phytoplasma. fragariae', bindweed yellows phytoplasma (IBS), 'Candidatus Phytoplasma caricae' and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma graminis'. On the basis of unique 16S rRNA gene sequences and biological properties, it is proposed that the APPTW phytoplasma represents 'Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum', with APPTW12-NE as the reference strain. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 56 BP 1593 EP 1597 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64251.0 PN 7 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 068IF UT WOS:000239366200022 PM 16825635 ER PT J AU Noel, GR Atibalentja, N AF Noel, Gregory R. Atibalentja, Ndeme TI 'Candidatus Paenicardinium endonii', an endosymbiont of the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines (Nemata : Tylenchida), affiliated to the phylum Bacteroidetes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCR-AMPLIFICATION; RDP-II; DATABASE; MICROORGANISM; PATHOGENESIS; WOLBACHIA; PRIMERS; TISSUES AB Bacteria-like endosymbionts of females of the plant-parasitic nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Heterodera goettingiana and juveniles of Heterodera glycines were first observed during transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies conducted in the 1970s. These organisms were characterized as being rod-shaped, ranging in size from 0-3 to 0-5 mu m in diameter and 1(.)8 to 3 mu m in length and containing structures labelled as striated inclusion bodies or tubular structures. A population of H. glycines was obtained from the soybean field where infected nematodes were first discovered in order to conduct TEM studies of females and males and to determine the phylogenetic position of the H. glycines ensosymbiont among bacteria by studying the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. The bacterium was observed in the pseudocoelom and intestine of juveniles, females and males, in hypodermal chords of juveniles and males, in ovary walls and in oocytes and spermatozoa. The bacterium was polymorphic, measuring 0(.)4-0(.)8 x 2(.)5-4(.)5 mu m, and many specimens contained an array of microfilament-like structures similar to those observed in 'Candidatus Cardinium hertigii', the endosymbiont of Encarsia spp. wasps. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes of the H. glycines-infecting bacterium revealed 93% and 81% sequence identity, respectively, to the homologous genes in 'Candidatus C. hertigii'. Thus, the name 'Candidatus Paenicardinium endonii' is proposed for the bacterial endosymbiont of the plant-parasitic nematode H. glycines. C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Noel, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM g-noel1@uiuc.edu NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 56 BP 1697 EP 1702 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64234-0 PN 7 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 068IF UT WOS:000239366200040 PM 16825653 ER PT J AU Choudhuri, S Klaassen, CD AF Choudhuri, Supratim Klaassen, Curtis D. TI Structure, function, expression, genomic organization, and single nucleotide polymorphisms of human ABCB1 (MDR1), ABCC (MRP), and ABCG2 (BCRP) efflux transporters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE P-glycoprotein; MDR; MRP; BCRP; expression; localization; SNP; function ID ORGANIC ANION-TRANSPORTER; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE PROTEIN; DUBIN-JOHNSON-SYNDROME; CONJUGATE EXPORT PUMP; ATP-DEPENDENT TRANSPORT; HUMAN P-GLYCOPROTEIN; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; HEPATOCYTE CANALICULAR ISOFORM; HEALTHY JAPANESE SUBJECTS; KIDNEY PROXIMAL TUBULES AB The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a large family of membrane proteins, which transport a variety of compounds through the membrane against a concentration gradient at the cost of ATP hydrolysis. Substrates of the ABC transporters include lipids, bile acids, xenobiotics, and peptides for antigen presentation. As they transport exogenous and endogenous compounds, they reduce the body load of potentially harmful substances. One by-product of such protective function is that they also eliminate various useful drugs from the body, causing drug resistance. This review is a brief summary of the structure, function, and expression of the important drug resistance-conferring members belonging to three subfamilies of the human ABC family; these areABCB1(MDR1/P-glycoprotein of subfamily ABCB), subfamily ABCC (MRPs), and ABCG2 (BCRP of subfamily ABCG), which are expressed in various organs. In the text, the transporter symbol that carries the subfamily name (such as ABCB1, ABCC1, etc.) is used interchangeably with the corresponding original names, such as MDR1/P-glycoprotein, MRP1, etc., respectively. Both nomenclatures are maintained in the text because both are still used in the transporter literature. This helps readers relate various names that they encounter in the literature. It now appears that P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP can explain the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in all cell lines analyzed thus far. Also discussed are the gene structure, regulation of expression, and various polymorphisms in these genes. Because genetic polymorphism is thought to underlie interindividual differences, including their response to drugs and other xenobiotics, the importance of polymorphism in these genes is also discussed. C1 USDA, CFSAN, OFAS, DBGNR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Choudhuri, S (reprint author), USDA, CFSAN, OFAS, DBGNR, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,HFS-255, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Supratim.Choudhuri@fda.hhs.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES013714, ES009649, ES009716] NR 200 TC 201 Z9 216 U1 1 U2 51 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 231 EP 259 DI 10.1080/10915810600746023 PG 29 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 060FH UT WOS:000238787300001 PM 16815813 ER PT J AU Reid, KF Conway, MA AF Reid, K. F. Conway, M. A. TI Haemodynamic determinants of elevated pulse wave velocity during acute isometric handgrip exercise SO IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hypertension CY MAY 18-22, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Amer Soc Hypertens ID ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; HEART-RATE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DISTENSIBILITY; RESPONSES; PRESSURE; DISEASE; HUMANS; INDEX; AORTA AB Background Measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV) provides a reliable index of vascular stiffness. Despite its widespread application,the physiological interrelationships between PWV, blood pressure (BP) and in particular, heart rate (HR), have yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, little is known about altered arterial compliance during acute exercise. Aim To examine the effects Of 3-min supine non-dominant isometric handgrip exercise (ISOMEX), performed at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction, on carotid-radial PWV, BP and HR in the dominant arm of 51 healthy subjects. Results During exercise, PWV correlated strongly with diastolic BP (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.51, p < 0.01). PWV and HR failed to correlate at rest or during exercise. Conclusion ISOMEX invoked an elevated PWV, which is predominantly related to BP or factors determining it, and not HR. The carotid-radial PWV stress test is a simple measurement that may have prognostic potential for use in large-scale population studies. C1 St Lukes Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Kilkenny, Ireland. RP Reid, KF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kieran.reid@tufts.edu; Dr.Michael.Conway@maila.hse.ie RI Santana, Fabio/C-8745-2012 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL ACADEMY MEDICINE PI DUBLIN PA 2ND FLOOR, INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, 20-22 LWR HATCH ST, DUBLIN 2, IRELAND SN 0021-1265 J9 IRISH J MED SCI JI Irish J. Med. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 175 IS 3 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096RO UT WOS:000241394700003 PM 17073241 ER PT J AU Ayars, JE Schoneman, RA AF Ayars, James E. Schoneman, Richard A. TI Irrigating field crops in the presence of saline groundwater SO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage CY SEP 10-18, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE irrigation of field crops; saline groundwater ID WATER; COTTON AB Irrigating crops in the presence of saline groundwater presents unique opportunities and challenges. As the world demand for water increases, it is incumbent on agriculture to maximize the use of water of all qualities. Traditional irrigation and drainage water management in saline environments was designed to provide leaching of salt from the root zone and the discharge of saline drainage water in an uncontrolled fashion. This practice is no longer acceptable and management options were developed to maximize the use of water of all qualities and to reduce the subsurface drainage discharge volume to a minimum. This paper describes the integrated management of irrigation and drainage systems in saline soil environments to reduce total drainage flow without reducing crop yields. Methods used include using saline drainage water for supplemental irrigation, increasing in-situ crop water use of groundwater, installing control structures on a subsurface drainage system to control the water table position and reduce drainage flow. In a field without subsurface drainage crop production was sustained using subsurface drip irrigation which maintained yields and reduced deep percolation to the groundwater. Salt in the root zone is effectively managed using pre-plant irrigation in areas with and without subsurface drains. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 ARS, Water Management Branch, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), ARS, Water Management Branch, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jayars@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-0353 J9 IRRIG DRAIN JI Irrig. Drain. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.1002/ird.258 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 068XB UT WOS:000239406800006 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Lopez, MD Lewis, LC Prasifka, JR Gunnarson, RD AF Bruck, Denny J. Lopez, Miriam D. Lewis, Leslie C. Prasifka, Jarrad R. Gunnarson, Robert D. TI Effects of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn and permethrin on nontarget arthropods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nontargets; coefficient of variation; arthropods; Bt corn ID BT CORN; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; ROOTWORM CONTROL; MONARCH LARVAE; COLEOPTERA; IMPACT; POLLEN; POPULATIONS; RESISTANT; BEETLE AB Planting of insect-resistant transgenic corn has led to concerns about potential effects on nontarget arthropods. Various sampling methods (visual counts, yellow sticky cards, pitfall traps) were used at 7-to 10-day intervals to test for possible changes in abundance for common nontarget arthropods caused by transgenic or insecticide-based pest management. Largescale field studies arranged in randomized complete blocks were conducted in 2001 and 2002 in central Iowa. Treatments included Bt corn (Pioneer 34M95, event MON810), a nonBt isoline (Pioneer 34M94), and the nonBt isoline treated with permethrin (Pounce 1.5G(R)). There was high variation in population estimates for the majority of the arthropods collected. Consequently, only data from taxa with coefficients of variation <= 75 using a particular sampling method were used in statistical analysis. Insecticide applications negatively impacted populations of arachnids (Araneae and Opiliones), Cantharidae, Elateridae and Macrocentrus cingulum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In the transgenic treatment, fewer M. cingulum and Nitidulidae were present, presumably because of a lack of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), which serve as hosts for M. cingulum and provide habitat for Nitidulidae, which are known to frequent O. nubilalis tunnels. However, application of a conventional insecticide for O. nubilalis control had a broader impact on populations of various nontarget arthropods. These results are consistent with other studies that suggest nontarget impacts resulting from insecticides may be greater than those caused by Bt corn. C1 [Bruck, Denny J.; Lopez, Miriam D.; Lewis, Leslie C.; Prasifka, Jarrad R.; Gunnarson, Robert D.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 111 EP 124 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 242BR UT WOS:000251700000001 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, Wee L. TI GF-120, Nu-Lure, and Mazoferm effects on feeding responses and infestations of western cherry fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; spinosad; protein baits ID RHAGOLETIS-INDIFFERENS DIPTERA; BLUEBERRY MAGGOT DIPTERA; PROTEIN BAITS; FLIES DIPTERA; AMMONIUM ACETATE; SPINOSAD BAIT; MELON FLIES; ATTRACTION; WILD; MORTALITY AB A study was conducted to determine feeding responses of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), to 40% (vol/vol) GF-120, Nu-Lure, and Mazoferm. bait and to the insecticide spinosad in 2005 and 2006 in Washington state. When water or baits were sprayed on branches or were placed as single drops on leaves 1-2 cm from flies, the numbers of flies subsequently seen near or feeding on the water and baits were similar. Of flies that contacted water or baits, 0-23.1% did not respond by feeding or maintaining contact with drops. Females and males responded similarly. Later in the season (31 May to 9 June), responses to all baits were greater than early in the season (19-30 May). When single trees (with higher fly pressure than found in commercial orchards) were sprayed with treatments, Nu-Lure and Mazoferm significantly reduced larval infestations in fruit compared with the control in one test, but they, GF-120, and spinosad alone did not significantly reduce larval infestations compared with controls in two other tests. Results suggest the baits tested were not attractive to R. indifferens compared with water and that most flies find them through chance encounters, which may partially explain the lack of consistent larval control using baits. Based on the results of the current study and others, the choice of baits may not be vital for controlling larval infestations of R. indifferens, and even spinosad alone may have the same effects, at least when fly populations are lower than those encountered in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 125 EP 140 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 242BR UT WOS:000251700000002 ER EF