FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Elosua, R Cupples, LA Fox, CS Polak, JF D'Agostino, RA Wolf, PA O'Donnell, CJ Ordovas, JM AF Elosua, Roberto Cupples, L. Adrienne Fox, Caroline S. Polak, Joseph F. D'Agostino, Ralph A., Sr. Wolf, Philip A. O'Donnell, Christopher J. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Association between well-characterized lipoprotein-related genetic variants and carotid intimal medial thickness and stenosis: The Framingham Heart Study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE carotid; epidemiology; genetics; lipids ID CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; LIPASE GENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PLASMA-LIPIDS; DISEASE RISK; POLYMORPHISM; PROTEIN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; STROKE; MEN AB Objective: To determine the association of well-characterized lipoprotein-related genetic variants with carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) and stenosis. Methods: 3380 men and women from the Framingham Offspring Study underwent carotid ultrasound to determine carotid IMT and stenosis >= 25%. We genotyped 12 variants in 10 lipoprotein-related genes known to be associated with significant differences in lipoprotein levels. Results: For most of the variants, there was no association with carotid IMT. In multivariable, sex-specific analyses, the rare allele of the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB variant was associated with lower ICA IMT in men. Hypertension was associated with higher ICA IMT only in male carriers of the rare allele of the APOCIII Sst-1 variant (p for the interaction=0.041). In analyses of carotid stenosis in male, carriers of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) N291S rare variant showed a higher risk of carotid stenosis (OR = 2.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-6.02, p=0.028) compared to NN genotype. Conclusions: While there is no evidence for a significant association of several common lipoprotein-related genetic variants with carotid IMT, our results are consistent with the previously reported role of CETP and LPL genetic variants in cardiovascular risk and the possible modulation of the association between hypertension and carotid IMT by APOCIII Sst-1 variant. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Inst Municipal Invest Med, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP O'Donnell, CJ (reprint author), NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM codonnell@nih.gov OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; ELOSUA, ROBERTO/0000-0001-8235-0095; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195, HL54776]; NINDS NIH HHS [5R01-NS17950-22] NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 189 IS 1 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.12.005 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 097SD UT WOS:000241467900028 PM 16430904 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Nunez, J AF Zheng, Wei Yates, Scott R. Papiernik, Sharon K. Nunez, Joe TI Conversion of metam sodium and emission of fumigant from soil columns SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE metam sodium; MITC; fumigant; conversion; surface water sealing; emission reduction ID METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; BROMIDE; VOLATILIZATION; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; FIELDS; AIR AB Metam sodium is the most widely used soil fumigant in the United States. The primary breakdown product of metam sodium in soil is methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), an active pesticidal agent with a high toxicity and a great potential for volatilization. Reducing atmospheric emissions of MITC is therefore critical to maintain air quality. The objective of this study was to examine the rate and efficiency of conversion of metam sodium to MITC in soil and to investigate the potential of using surface water sealing to reduce MITC emissions. The conversion of metam sodium to MITC was a rapid abiotic decomposition process. At typical field application rates, the conversion efficiency depended on the initial content of metam sodium in soil, but was independent of soil moisture, soil type, and soil atmospheric conditions. A soil column system was used to measure the emission and distribution of MITC after subsurface and surface application of metam sodium. Volatilization flux and cumulative emission loss of MITC was substantially reduced with surface water sealing compared to uncovered soil columns after subsurface application of metam sodium. When metam sodium was surface applied in simulated chemigation, surface water sealing was ineffective, suggesting the need for additional emissions reduction practices when metam sodium is broadcast. Overall, the results of the column experiment indicate that surface water sealing with subsurface application of metam sodium may be an effective and economical strategy to reduce MITC emissions while maintaining pest control efficacy. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Calif, Cooperat Extens Farm & Home, Bakersfield, CA 93307 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 40 IS 36 BP 7046 EP 7056 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.009 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097BB UT WOS:000241420100013 ER PT J AU Hunt, JJ Cameron, R Williams, MAK AF Hunt, Jonathan J. Cameron, Randall Williams, Martin A. K. TI On the simulation of enzymatic digest patterns: The fragmentation of oligomeric and polymeric galacturonides by endo-polygalacturonase II SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE enzyme; polysaccharide; endo-polygalacturonase; oligogalacturonides; oligorneric and polymeric substrate ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; NIGER ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE II; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ACID OLIGOMERS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PECTIN; ENZYMES; QUANTIFICATION AB A simulation methodology for predicting the time-course of enzymatic digestions is described. The model is based solely on the enzyme's subsite architecture and concomitant binding energies. This allows subsite binding energies to be used to predict the evolution of the relative amounts of different products during the digestion of arbitrary mixtures of oligomeric or polymeric substrates. The methodology has been specifically demonstrated by studying the fragmentation of a population of oligogalacturonides of varying degrees of polymerization, when digested by endo-polygalacturonase II (endo-PG II) from Aspergillus niger. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. USDA, Ctrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Williams, MAK (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. EM m.williams@massey.ac.nz RI Sepulchre, Jacques Alexandre/B-2869-2010 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 1760 IS 11 BP 1696 EP 1703 DI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.08.022 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 114MB UT WOS:000242669200015 PM 17029794 ER PT J AU Stanley, D AF Stanley, David TI The non-venom insect phospholipases A(2) SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Phospholipase A2 CY OCT, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY DE insect; phospholipase A(2); cellular immunity; reproduction; metabolism ID COCKROACH PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; FAT-BODY; TOBACCO HORNWORMS; LONOMIA-OBLIQUA; XENORHABDUS-NEMATOPHILUS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC BACTERIUM; HYPERTREHALOSEMIC HORMONE; EICOSANOID BIOSYNTHESIS AB Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) are responsible for releasing the fatty acid moiety from the sn-2 position of phospholipids. These enzymes are virtually ubiquitous proteins known from all major biological taxa. Various PLA2s act in a wide array of biological processes, including digestion of dietary lipids, cellular homeostasis, intra- and intercellular signaling, host defense and at least a few ecological interactions. PLA(2) activities have been recorded in a small number of insect species, which can be taken to represent the broad group, Insecta. Within insects, PLA(2)s act in functions expected from the background on these enzymes. So far, we know PLA(2)s act in lipid digestion, cellular host defense signaling, reproduction and in organismal-level metabolism. Additional PLA(2) actions are certain to emerge. This is the first article devoted to assembling the known information on insect PLA(2)s. I review the scant information available on the biological actions of PLA(2)s in insects, relate new findings on insect pathogens that disrupt insect immune functions by inhibiting PLA(2)s and mention the few reports of sequence information on insect PLA(2)s. Finally, I offer a brief prospectus on future research into insect PLA(2)s. There are two overarching points in this paper. One, there remains a great deal to learn about insect PLA(2)s and two, some of the findings on insect PLA(2)s will have meaningful practical significance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-1981 J9 BBA-MOL CELL BIOL L JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids PD NOV PY 2006 VL 1761 IS 11 BP 1383 EP 1390 DI 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.05.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 115QQ UT WOS:000242749300016 PM 16824796 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD AF Boyette, C. Douglas TI Adjuvants enhance the biological control potential of an isolate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides for biological control of sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; bioherbicide; biocontrol agent; invert emulsion; unrefined corn oil; surfactant; Senna obtusifolia ID SESBANIA SESBANIA-EXALTATA; UNREFINED CORN-OIL; CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; MYCOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; MYROTHECIUM-VERRUCARIA; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; GERMINATION; TRUNCATUM; INFECTIVITY; BIOCONTROL AB In greenhouse experiments, unrefined corn oil, Silwet L-77, and an invert emulsion were tested as adjuvants with the mycoherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a weakly virulent pathogen of sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). A 1:1 (v/v) fungus/corn oil tank mixture containing 0.2% (v/v) Silwet L-77 surfactant reduced the dew period requirements for maximum weed infection and mortality from 16 to 8 h, and delayed the need for free moisture for greater than 48 h. This formulation also resulted in the ability of the pathogen to infect and kill weeds in larger (> 5 leaf) growth stages. The invert emulsion resulted in similar effects upon these parameters. These results suggest that invert emulsions, unrefined corn oil and Silwet L-77 surfactant greatly improve the bioherbicidal potential of this pathogen for control of sicklepod, a serious weed pest in the southeastern US. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Boyette, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM dboyette@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.1080/09583150600828692 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102NY UT WOS:000241820200005 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD Reddy, KN Hoagland, RE AF Boyette, C. Douglas Reddy, Krishna N. Hoagland, Robert E. TI Glyphosate and bioherbicide interaction for controlling kudzu (Pueraria lobata), redvine (Brunnichia ovata), and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myrothecium verrucaria; biological control; bioherbicide; kudzu; [Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi]; redvine; [Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners]; synergistic interaction; trumpetcreeper; [Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau] ID PHOMOPSIS-AMARANTHICOLA; AGENT; OBTUSIFOLIA; GERMINATION; HERBICIDES; PATHOGENS AB In controlled environment experiments, the bioherbicidal fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar:Fr. was tested alone, in combination with, prior to, and following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] for control of kudzu [Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi], redvine [Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners], and trumpetcreeper [Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau] at temperatures of 20, 30, and 40 degrees C. At all temperatures, kudzu was most adversely affected by the fungus, followed by trumpetcreeper and redvine, as indicated by greater mortality and dry weight reductions. Trumpetcreeper and redvine mortalities and dry weight reductions significantly increased when the fungus was applied 2 days after the glyphosate treatment. Application of the fungus combined with or prior to glyphosate treatment resulted in reduced weed control. Although pathogenesis and mortality also occurred at 20 degrees C, disease development was favored by higher temperatures (30 and 40 degrees C). Infected weeds of each species exhibited similar disease symptomatology within 12 h following treatment at incubation temperatures of 30 and 40 degrees C. Disease symptomatology was characterized by necrotic flecking on leaves that coalesced into large lesions. Symptoms progressed, initially infecting cotyledons and leaves, and later (within 48 h) producing stem lesions. The fungus sporulated profusely on infected tissue and was easily reisolated. These results suggest that timing of glyphosate application in relation to combined treatment with the bioherbicide M. verrucaria can improve the control of kudzu, redvine, and trumpetcreeper. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Boyette, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM dboyette@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1067 EP 1077 DI 10.1080/09583150600828742 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102NY UT WOS:000241820200006 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ AF Caesar, Anthony J. TI Uromyces scutellatus as a keystone species affecting Euphorbia spp. in Europe as shown by effects on density in the field SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classical biocontrol; nearest neighbor spatial analysis; rust disease; pre-release studies; invasive species ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LEAFY SPURGE; COMPARATIVE VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; BIOCONTROL; AGENTS; WEED AB Nearest neighbor spatial analysis was used to assess the effect of systemic rust caused by Uromyces scutellatus on stand density of Euphorbia esula/virgata, a highly invasive deep-rooted perennial weed of rangelands and natural areas in North America. ANOVA applied to nearest neighbor measurements within four pairs of stands in close proximity, with and without rust, in Hungary and Austria indicated that the stand densities of plants of E. esula/virgata in three of four rusted stands were less than companion stands with little or no rust. Using the nearest neighbor distance data, E. esula/virgata densities within stands where rust was prevalent were 48-73% of those with little or no rust. The fourth stand with rust was denser than a symptomless companion stand in 2004, but nearly all plants had symptoms. The same diseased stand was dramatically reduced in density when surveyed the following year and all plants observed in 2005 displayed rust symptoms. These findings indicate the potential impact of the microcyclic autoecious rust U. scutellatus should it be introduced as a biocontrol agent for E. esula/virgata in North America. C1 USDA ARS, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM caesara@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1079 EP 1086 DI 10.1080/09583150600828767 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102NY UT WOS:000241820200007 ER PT J AU Brown, IA Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gaugler, RR AF Brown, Ian A. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Gaugler, Randy R. TI Entomopathogenic nematode infectivity enhancement using physical and chemical stressors SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Tenebrio molitor; infectivity; entomopathogenic; nematode; production; stressor; temperature; heat treatment; oil; magnesium; manganese ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; THERMAL DEATH; 3RD INSTARS; LARVAE; INSECT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMPATIBILITY AB Entomopathogenic nematode in vivo production depends on a high level of successful infection during the inoculation process. Some host-nematode combinations do not provide sufficient or consistent infection levels and are, therefore, not suitable for in vivo production. Our objective was to determine whether infection levels could be improved through host or nematode exposure to physical and chemical stressors. Elevated stress may compromise host insect defenses, thus increasing its vulnerability to nematode infection. Specifically, we investigated the effects of stressors on Heterorhabditis bacteriophora infection of Tenebrio molitor larva. The stressors included temperature extremes, insecticidal oils and metal cations. Most chemical stressor-nematode combinations caused high host mortality and low infectivity rates. However, infective juvenile stimulation by the cation Mn2+ did enhance infectivity compared to the control. Dry heat (40 degrees C for 30 min) and hot water (60-70 degrees C for I s) treatments increased the host's susceptibility to H. bacteriophora infection with respect to unstressed controls, and the yields and virulence of infective juveniles produced in hosts stressed by these treatments were not affected. Thus, host stress methods can be used to successfully enhance infection levels for in vivo production of H. bacteriophora. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia SW State Univ, Dept Biol, Americus, GA 31709 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Brown, IA (reprint author), Georgia SW State Univ, Dept Biol, Americus, GA 31709 USA. EM ibrown@canes.gsw.edu RI Gaugler, Randy/K-3898-2013 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.07.001 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 091YL UT WOS:000241064100006 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Ordung, KM AF Wheeler, G. S. Ordung, K. M. TI Lack of an induced response following fire and herbivory of two chemotypes of Melaleuca quinquenervia and its effect on two biological control agents SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE fire-adapted species; induction of secondary metabolites; induced responses; insect nutrition; integrated control; plant quality; secondary metabolites; terpenoids; leaf toughness ID OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; HOST-PLANT QUALITY; BOREIOGLYCASPIS-MELALEUCAE; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; AFRICAN ARMYWORM; SOUTH FLORIDA; WATER-CONTENT; WOODY-PLANTS; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB Induced responses following damage from herbivory or fire may reduce the nutritional quality of plants for subsequent herbivores. If compatible, the combination of fire and biological control has the potential of effectively controlling invasive weeds. Potentially plants subjected to previous herbivory from biological control agents or damage from fire, either natural or deliberate, will be less susceptible to biological control because of decreases in the nutritional quality of the plant from changes in physical defenses and/or accumulated secondary compounds. In the fire-adapted species, Melaleuca quinquenervia, the impact of previous herbivory by the weevil biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa and burning by a propane torch was studied on the first replacement leaves produced following damage. Two chemical variants or chemotypes of M quinquenervia responded similarly with decreased leaf toughness in leaves produced following burning; little change was found in the levels of foliar nitrogen or volatile constituents in response to treatments. Moreover, survival decreased when the burn replacement leaves were fed to O. vitiosa larvae and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae psyllid nymphs; growth and development time were not affected. These results indicate that although survival will decrease in both species fed the first replacement leaves following burning, previous herbivory by weevils is compatible with subsequent damage by both biological control agents. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. SCA Americorps, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 154 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.05.016 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 091YL UT WOS:000241064100007 ER PT J AU Filotas, MJ Vandenberg, JD Hajek, AE AF Filotas, M. J. Vandenberg, J. D. Hajek, A. E. TI Concentration-response and temperature-related susceptibility of the forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera : Lasiocampidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Furia gastropachae (Zygomycetes : Entomophthorales) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Entomophthorales; Furia gastropachae; Malacosoma disstria; forest tent caterpillar; virulence; bioassay; biological control ID SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID; ZOOPHTHORA-RADICANS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; RESTING SPORES; F-MACULATA; GYPSY-MOTH; GERMINATION; SPORULATION; MORTALITY; PATHOGEN AB Furia gastropachae (Raciborski) Filotas, Hajek & Humber is an important but little studied fungal pathogen of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hubner, a hardwood forest pest. As a means of assessing its potential as a biological control agent, a bioassay methodology was developed to estimate virulence of two isolates of F gastropachae (ARSEF 5544 and 5545 from NY and MD, USA, respectively) and to investigate the effect of temperature on fungal virulence and activity. To assess virulence, fourth instar M. disstria larvae were exposed to conidial showers, with duration of exposure varied to produce different concentrations. Resulting LC50 estimates were low for both isolates (0.5 +/- 0.4 and 36.5 +/- 16.9 conidia/mm(2) for the NY and MID isolate, respectively), though the NY isolate was more virulent. Both isolates had a relatively rapid rate of kill (ca. 5 days). To study the effect of temperature on fungal activity, M. disstria larvae were exposed to a single concentration of the NY or MD isolates, and then incubated at 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 degrees C. Both isolates caused mycoses at all temperatures, however, percent infection by the NY isolate was maximized at cooler temperatures (<= 20 degrees C). Percent infection by the more southerly MD isolate also tended to decline with increasing temperature, however a significant difference was observed only between 15 and 30 degrees C. Results suggest that F gastropachae is well adapted to the early spring temperatures in which its host is most likely to be active. The virulence of this fungus suggests that it may be a good candidate for biological control of the forest tent caterpillar. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Filotas, MJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mjf23@cornell.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.05.006 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 091YL UT WOS:000241064100015 ER PT J AU Danci, A Schaefer, PW Schopf, A Gries, G AF Danci, Adela Schaefer, Paul W. Schopf, Axel Gries, Gerhard TI Species-specific close-range sexual communication systems prevent cross-attraction in three species of Glyptapanteles parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Glyptapanteles flavicoxis; Glyptapanteles indiensis; Glyptapanteles liparidis; Lymantria dispar; hymenoptera; Braconidae; parasitoid; species-specificity; pheromone; close-range pheromonal communication ID LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; SUSTAINED-FLIGHT TUNNEL; GYPSY-MOTH; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; NUN MOTH; PHEROMONE; COMBINATIONS; ENANTIOMERS AB The braconid parasitoids Glyptapanteles indiensis (Marsh) and G. liparidis (Bouche) occur in sympatry and allopatry, respectively, with their congener G. flavicoxis (Marsh). We tested the hypothesis that all three parasitoids, but particularly sympatric G. indiensis and G. flavicoxis, use species-specific sex pheromone blends for close-range sexual communication. In coupled gas chromatographic-electro-antennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of body extracts of conspecific females, male G. indiensis antennae responded to five components, one of which is specific to G. indiensis, and four are in common with G. flavicoxis. Male G. liparidis antennae responded to six components, two of which are specific to G. liparidis, and four are in common with G. flavicoxis. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, body extracts of females elicited close-range attraction and wing-fanning responses only by conspecific but not by heterospecific males, supporting the hypothesis of close-range species-specific sex pheromone blends. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA, ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, BOKU, Inst Forest Entomol Forest Pathol & Forest Protec, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.07.009 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 091YL UT WOS:000241064100016 ER PT J AU Bischoff, KM Rooney, AP Li, XL Liu, SQ Hughes, SR AF Bischoff, Kenneth M. Rooney, Alejandro P. Li, Xin-ang Li Liu, Siqing Hughes, Stephen R. TI Purification and characterization of a family 5 endoglucanase from a moderately thermophilic strain of Bacillus licheniformis SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus licheniformis; carboxymethylcellulase; endoglucanase; thermophilic ID CELLULOSE AB Strains of thermophilic bacilli were screened for cellulolytic activity by gel diffusion assay on selective medium at 55 degrees C. Strain B-41361, identified as a strain of Bacillus licheniformis, displayed activity against carboxymethylcellulose. Zymogram analysis demonstrated several catalytically active polypeptides with the most prominent species having a mass of 37 kDa. The enzyme was purified 60-fold with a 17% yield and specific activity of 183 U/mg. The amino terminal sequence was homologous to members of glycoside hydrolase family 5. Optimal temperature was 65 degrees C (measured over 30 min), but the enzyme was most stable at 60 degrees C, retaining greater than 90% activity after one hour. The enzyme had a broad pH range, with maximal activity at pH 6.0, 75% maximal activity at pH 4.5, and 40% at pH 10. The enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenylcellobioside, barley beta-glucan, and lichenan, but no activity was detected against avicel or acid-swollen cellulose. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bischoff, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bischoffk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 10 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 EI 1573-6776 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 28 IS 21 BP 1761 EP 1765 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-9153-0 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 088JO UT WOS:000240808200009 PM 16900329 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ Tuovinen, JP AF Massman, W. J. Tuovinen, J. -P. TI An analysis and implications of alternative methods of deriving the density (WPL) terms for eddy covariance flux measurements SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE air parcel expansion/compression; mass conservation equations; trace gas fluxes ID WATER-VAPOR TRANSFER; CARBON; HEAT AB We explore some of the underlying assumptions used to derive the density or WPL terms (Webb et al. (1980) Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 106:85-100) required for estimating the surface exchange fluxes by eddy covariance. As part of this effort we recast the origin of the density terms as an assumption regarding the density fluctuations rather than as a (dry air) flux assumption. This new approach, which is similar to the expansion/compression approach of Liu (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 115:151-168, 2005), eliminates the dry-air mean advective vertical velocity from the development of the WPL terms and allows us to directly compare Liu's assumptions for deriving the WPL terms with the analogous assumptions appropriate to the original expression of the WPL terms. We suggest, (i) that the main difference between these two approaches lies in the interpretation of the turbulent exchange flux, and (ii) that the original WPL formulation is the more appropriate approach. Given the importance of the WPL terms to accurate and reliable measurements of surface exchange fluxes, a careful analysis of their origins and their proper mathematical expression and interpretation is warranted. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wmassman@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 2 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s10546-006-9070-8 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101NR UT WOS:000241748000001 ER PT J AU Sempertegui, F Estrella, B Elmieh, N Jordan, M Ahmed, T Rodriguez, A Tucker, KL Hamer, DH Reeves, PG Meydani, SN AF Sempertegui, Fernando Estrella, Bertha Elmieh, Negar Jordan, Michael Ahmed, Tanvir Rodriguez, Alicia Tucker, Katherine L. Hamer, Davidson H. Reeves, Philip G. Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Nutritional, immunological and health status of the elderly population living in poor neighbourhoods of Quito, Ecuador SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE elderly; immune senescence; less-developed countries; micronutrients; body mass index ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE; METABOLIC-SYNDROME; VITAMIN-E; PLASMA; PREVALENCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; SERUM AB The number of elderly people is increasing in less-developed countries. Although nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases are generally more prevalent in resource-poor countries, the health and nutritional status of the elderly in South America in general, and in Ecuador, in particular, remains largely unstudied. The objective of the present study was to assess the nutritional, immunological and health status of elderly Ecuadorians. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate a sample of elderly Ecuadorians with 24 h dietary recalls, biochemical and anthropometric measurements, delayed type hypersensitivity skin response and a health questionnaire. The 145 elders who enrolled had a mean age of 74.3 (sd 6.9) years. Of the subjects, 52 % exhibited BMI >= 25 kg/m(2), whereas 9.1 % had BMI <= 20 kg/m(2). Means of dietary intakes were below recommendations for most nutrients; exceptions were carbohydrate, fat, Fe and Se. Serum nutrient levels indicated that 50, 44, 43, 19 and 18 % of participants had deficiencies of Zn, Fe, vitamins B-12 and D, and folate, respectively. The mean number of positive responses to seven recall antigens was 2.1 (sd 1.7) with an induration diameter of 9.9 (sd 7) mm, which are substantially lower than those reported for elders in developed countries. During the previous 6 months, 54 and 21 % of subjects reported at least one episode of respiratory infection or diarrhoea, respectively. Of these, 47 % sought care at a hospital or from a physician and 96 % from a relative or friend. In conclusion, while few elderly Ecuadorians were underweight, obesity was common. Micronutrient deficiencies were prevalent and may contribute to reduced immunological responses in this population. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Corp Ecuatoriana Biotecnol, Quito, Ecuador. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA USA. USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fersempert@andinanet.net RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Hamer, Davidson/0000-0002-4700-1495 FU FIC NIH HHS [1R03 TW00577901A1] NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 845 EP 853 DI 10.1017/BJN20061802 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 103IN UT WOS:000241879000008 PM 17092372 ER PT J AU Zamora, DS Jose, S Nair, PKR Ramsey, CL AF Zamora, Diomides S. Jose, Shibu Nair, P. K. R. Ramsey, Craig L. TI Interspecific competition in a pecan-cotton alleycropping system in the southern United States: Production physiology SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE aboveground and belowground competition; net canopy photosynthetic index (CNPI); net photosynthesis; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); specific leaf area; specific leaf nitrogen ID ALLEY CROPPING SYSTEM; LEAF NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION; ILLINOENSIS K. KOCH; CARBON GAIN; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; MIDWESTERN USA; USE EFFICIENCY; DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; LIGHT AB A study was conducted on a Red Bay sandy loam soil (Rhodic Paleudult) in Jay, Florida, USA, to investigate how interspecific interactions between pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) would affect cotton leaf morphology and gas exchange and thereby biomass and lint yield. We quantified specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf nitrogen (SLN), net photosynthesis (A), transpiration, stomatal conductance, and net canopy photosynthetic index (CNPI) from cotton with and without aboveground and belowground interactions. To separate roots of cotton and pecan, polyethylene- lined trenches were installed (barrier treatment) parallel to tree rows in half the number of plots. Results showed that SLA for barrier and nonbarrier plants was 61% and 47% higher, respectively, compared with the monoculture cotton. Monoculture plants exhibited higher CNPI (70.7 mu mol-m(-2).s(-1)) compared with the barrier (52.7 mu mol-m(-2), s(-1)) and nonbarrier plants (18.3 mu mol-m(-2). s(-1)). SLN was similar for both the barrier and nonbarrier plants; however, it was lower than the monoculture. A positive curvilinear relationship between A and SLN was observed, with peak A (28 mu mol.m(-2). s(-1)) Significant curvilinear relationships between CNPI and aboveground biomass and observed between 2.2 and 2.4 ma N.m(-2). Significant yield were also observed for all treatments. These findings indicate that competitive interactions in alleycropping regulate leaf level traits such as SLA and SLN by altering water and light availability, which in turn exert a profound influence on aboveground biomass and lint yield for cotton plants. C1 Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Natl Weed Management Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jose, S (reprint author), Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Newins Zeigler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sjose@ufl.edu NR 55 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1686 EP 1694 DI 10.1139/B06-130 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 145IN UT WOS:000244858600008 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RJ Hiers, JK O'Brien, JJ Jack, SB Engstrom, RT AF Mitchell, R. J. Hiers, J. K. O'Brien, J. J. Jack, S. B. Engstrom, R. T. TI Silviculture that sustains: the nexus between silviculture, frequent prescribed fire, and conservation of biodiversity in longleaf pine forests of the southeastern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN, 2005 CL Gatineau, CANADA ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; NORTHWEST FLORIDA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WIREGRASS SAVANNAS; STAND STRUCTURE; CAVITY TREES; PALUSTRIS; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH AB The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest ecosystems of the US southeastern Coastal Plain, among the most biologically diverse ecosystems in North America, originally covered over 24 x 106 ha but now occupy less than 5% of their original extent. The key factor for sustaining their high levels of diversity is the frequent application of prescribed fire uninterrupted in time and space. Pine fuels, critical to application of fire and regulated by canopy distribution, provide the nexus between silviculture and fire management in this system. Typical silvicultural approaches for this type were, in large part, developed to maximize the establishment and growth of regeneration as well as growth and yield of timber, with much less regard to how those practices might influence the ability to sustain prescribed burning regimes or the associated biodiversity. However, many landholdings in the region now include conservation of biodiversity as a primary objective with sustained timber yield as an important but secondary goal. This review synthesizes the literature related to controls of biodiversity for longleaf pine ecosystems, and silvicultural approaches are compared in their ability to Sustain natural disturbance such as fire and how closely they mimic the variation, patterns, and processes of natural disturbance regimes while allowing for regeneration. C1 Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mitchell, RJ (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM Robert.Mitchell@jonesctr.org NR 106 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 44 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2724 EP 2736 DI 10.1139/X06-100 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 142KE UT WOS:000244647500003 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, E Scott, J Gray, K Keane, R AF Reinhardt, Elizabeth Scott, Joe Gray, Kathy Keane, Robert TI Estimating canopy fuel characteristics in five conifer stands in the western United States using tree and stand measurements SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CROWN FIRE; FOREST STANDS; SPREAD AB Assessment of crown fire potential requires quantification of canopy fuels. In this study, canopy fuels were measured destructively on plots in five Interior West conifer stands. Observed canopy bulk density, canopy fuel load, and vertical profiles of canopy fuels are compared with those estimated front stand data using several computational techniques. An allometric approach to estimating these canopy fuel characteristics was useful, but, for accuracy, estimates of vertical biomass distribution and site-adjustment factors were required. Available crown fuel was estimated separately for each tree according to species, diameter, and crown class. The vertical distribution of this fuel was then modeled within each tree crown on the basis of tree height and crown base height. Summing across trees within the stand at every height yielded an estimated vertical profile Of canopy fuel that approximated the observed distribution. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Syst Environm Management, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Reinhardt, E (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM ereinhardt@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2803 EP 2814 DI 10.1139/X06-157 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 142KE UT WOS:000244647500010 ER PT J AU Sun, R Jenkins, MA Krueger, SK Mell, W Charney, JJ AF Sun, Ruiyu Jenkins, Mary Ann Krueger, Steven K. Mell, William Charney, Joseph J. TI An evaluation of fire-plume properties simulated with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark coupled wildfire model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; CONVECTION; SPREAD; MEDIA AB Before using a fluid dynamics physically based wildfire model to study wildfire, validation is necessary and model results need to be systematically and objectively analyzed and compared to real fires, which requires suitable data sets. Observational data from the Meteotron experiment are used to evaluate the fire-plume properties simulated by two fluid dynamics numerical wildfire models, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark coupled atmosphere-fire model. Comparisons based on classical plume theory between numerical model and experimental Meteotron results show that plume theory, because of its simplifying assumptions, is a fair but restricted rendition of important plume-averaged properties. The study indicates that the FDS, an explicit and computationally demanding model, produces good agreement with the Meteotron results even at a relatively coarse horizontal grid size of 4 m for the FDS, while the coupled atmosphere-fire model, a less explicit and less computationally demanding model, can produce good agreement, but that the agreement is sensitive to surface vertical-grid sizes and the method by which the energy released from the fire is put into the atmosphere. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Fac Sci & Engn, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. United States Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Sun, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM rsun@met.utah.edu RI Sun, Ruiyu/H-9595-2012 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2894 EP 2908 DI 10.1139/X06-138 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 142KE UT WOS:000244647500018 ER PT J AU Kong, H Patterson, CD Mitchell, RE Buyer, JS Airne, MC Lydon, J AF Kong, Hyesuk Patterson, Cheryl D. Mitchell, Robin E. Buyer, Jeffrey S. Airne, M. Catherine Lydon, John TI A mutation in an exbD gene reduces tagetitoxin production by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudoinonas syringae pv. tageris; Pseudonionas putida; tagetitoxin; exbD; exbB; tonB; TonB system; Helianthus annuus L. ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; TOMATO DC3000; TONB GENES; DNA REGION; IRON; AERUGINOSA; SIDEROPHORES; TRANSPORT AB A mutant of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis EB037 with limited ability to produce tagetitoxin was isolated after transposon mutagenesis and the mutation was characterized. The mutation occurred in a gene with a high degree of sequence identity to exbD. exbD is contiguous with tonB and exbB upstream and with a gene for a TonB-dependent receptor downstream. Using reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction with RNA from the wild-type and exbD mutant strains, we demonstrated that the mutation in exbD did not have a polar affect on the expression of downstream genes. The exbD mutant was able to grow well in conditions where iron is not freely available. Siderophore production by the exbD mutant was similar to that of the wild-type strain. We conclude that the mutation in exbD disrupts tagetitoxin production without compromising iron metabolism. The results indicate that tagetitoxin export by P. syringae pv. tagetis involves an efflux pump that requires a functional TonB system that is not essential for normal iron metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. DSIR, Mt Albert Res Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Lydon, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM John.Lydon@ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1027 EP 1035 DI 10.1139/W06-060 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 130TO UT WOS:000243822100002 PM 17215893 ER PT J AU Liao, CH Fett, W Tzean, SS Hoffman, G AF Liao, Ching-Hsing Fett, William Tzean, Sean-Shong Hoffman, Gabriel TI Detection and sequence analysis of an altered pectate lyase gene in Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and related bacteria SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pectate lyase; pel gene; Pseudomonas syringae; detection; analysis ID ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; PEL GENES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PECTOLYTIC ENZYMES; GENOME SEQUENCE; TOMATO DC3000; ALIGNMENT; PHASEOLICOLA; VIRIDIFLAVA AB Pectate lyase (PL) is a potent cell wall-degrading enzyme known to play a role in the microbial infection of plants. We re-examined the pectolytic property of seven representative pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae. None of the 10 R syringae pv. glycinea strains examined exhibited pectolytic activity. However, the PL gene (pel) was detected by Southern hybridization in four out of four P. syringae pv. glycinea strains examined. A P. syringae pv. glycinea pel gene was cloned, sequenced, and predicted to encode a protein sharing 70%-90% identity in amino acid sequence with PLs produced by pectolytic pseudomonads and xanthomonads. A series of amino acid and nucleotide sequence analyses reveal that (i) the predicted R syringae pv. glycinea PL contains two regions in the amino acid sequence that may affect the formation of a beta-helix structure important for the enzyme activity, and (ii) the R syringae pv. glycinea pel gene contains a single-base insertion, a double-base insertion, and an 18-bp deletion, which can lead to the synthesis of an inactive PL protein. The function of P. syringae pv. glycinea PL could be restored by removing the unwanted base insertions and by filling in the 18-bp deletions by site-directed mutagenesis. The altered pel sequence was also detected by polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing in the genomes of other pathovars of P. syringae, including phaseolicola and tagetis. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliao@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 EI 1480-3275 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1051 EP 1059 DI 10.1139/W06-063 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 130TO UT WOS:000243822100005 PM 17215896 ER PT J AU Park, SH Bean, SR Wilson, JD Schober, TJ AF Park, S. H. Bean, S. R. Wilson, J. D. Schober, T. J. TI Rapid isolation of sorghum and other cereal starches using sonication SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN EXTRACTION; BREAD AB High-intensity ultrasound (sonication) was investigated as a method to rapidly purify starch from sorghum and other cereal grains. To improve the process, buffers were optimized to solubilize sorghum proteins in combination with the sonication. Protein content and starch color were determined to evaluate the efficiency of the extraction process. Sonication times, SDS concentration, different types and concentrations of reducing agents (sodium metabisulfite, dithiothreitol, and beta-mercaptoethanol), and centrifugation speeds of the starch washing procedure were tested. Protein content of isolated sorghum starch was reduced to 0-0. 14% (db) after 2 min of sonication (using any of the reducing agents tested). Sodium metabisulfite was chosen as the preferred reducing agent because of its lower toxicity and odor compared with other reducing agents tested. The optimum conditions for producing high-purity sorghum starches (0.06% protein) were obtained using the following conditions: 2 min of sonication time with 12.5 mM sodium borate buffer, pH 10, containing 0.5% SDS (w/v) and 0.5% sodium metabisulfite (w/v) using 1,500 rpm centrifugation speed during starch washing. Starches separated by this method showed significantly less protein content and b values (yellowness) compared with starches separated by enzymatic methods or methods using NaCl solutions and protein extraction buffers with multiple washing steps, both of which take several hours to complete. Differential scanning calorimetry thermogram values for starches isolated by three different methods showed similar patterns, except that starches obtained with the enzymatic method had slightly higher values of T-o, T-p, and Delta H. Other cereal starches from whole wheat meal, wheat flour, corn, rice, and barley were also obtained rapidly using sonication. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Park, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM seokho.park@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0611 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108KU UT WOS:000242239500006 ER PT J AU Finnie, SM Bettge, AD Morris, CF AF Finnie, S. M. Bettge, A. D. Morris, C. F. TI Influence of cultivar and environment on water-soluble and water-insoluble arabinoxylans in soft wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FLOUR PENTOSANS; WINTER-WHEAT; BREAD-MAKING; CROSS-LINKS; CELL-WALLS; QUALITY; GENOTYPE; DOUGH AB Arabinoxylans are hydrophilic nonstarch polysaccharides found in wheat grain as minor constituents. Arabinoxylans can associate with large amounts of water through hydrogen bonding and can form oxidative gels. These properties are important factors in end-use quality of wheat. The objective of this study was to delineate the influence of wheat cultivar and growing environment on variation in water-soluble (WS-AX), water-insoluble (WI-AX), and total (TO-AX) arabinoxylan contents of flour and whole grain meal. This study included seven spring and 20 winter soft white wheat cultivars grown in 10 and 12 environments, respectively (each evenly split over two crop years). Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance with canonical analysis (MANOVA) was used to evaluate sources of variation. Variation in arabinoxylan contents and absolute amounts (xylose equivalents) among the two cultivar sample sets (spring and winter) was similar, and both cultivar and environment were significant sources of variation. The cultivar-by-environment interaction was relatively unimportant. Results indicate that the variation in arabinoxylan content is primarily influenced by cultivar and secondarily influenced by environment. Within arabinoxylan fractions, WS-AX content is primarily influenced by genotype, while WI-AX content is more greatly influenced by the environment. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Toxicol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 49 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 10 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0617 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108KU UT WOS:000242239500007 ER PT J AU Akdogan, H Tilley, M Chung, OK AF Akdogan, Hulya Tilley, Michael Chung, Okkyung K. TI Effect of emulsifiers on textural properties of whole wheat tortillas during storage SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOUR TORTILLAS; GLUTEN; DOUGH; TEMPERATURE C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Akdogan, H (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM hakdogan@ksu.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 632 EP 635 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0632 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108KU UT WOS:000242239500009 ER PT J AU Ogawa, Y Wood, DF Whitehand, LC Orts, WJ Glenn, GM AF Ogawa, Yukiharu Wood, Delilah F. Whitehand, Linda C. Orts, William J. Glenn, Gregory M. TI Compression deformation and structural relationships of medium grain cooked rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION; QUALITY; KERNEL AB Cooked rice quality is based on a number of factors including texture. Texture and structure of foods are closely related and aspects of the relationship can be explored by correlating compression measurements to structural observations of the compressed material. To obtain compression measurements, single cooked, milled rice grains were compressed in a texture analyzer to a specific percentage (% compression) of the original grain; the uncompressed grain is 0%. The experiment, using single grains in each case, was repeated multiple times. Compression percentages of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% were measured against a constant resistance force in the texture analyzer. Structures of cooked rice grains at the various compression levels were compared by brightfield and fluorescence microscopy. The outside of an uncompressed, intact, cooked rice grain is swollen and distorted while the interior has three or more odd-shaped holes (voids). Each void is largest in the center of the grain and decreases in size toward the peripheral edges becoming fine cracks toward the outermost portion of the void. The voids tended to increase in area up to 40% compression and then decrease in area upon further compression. Percent compression versus resistance force was a curvilinear relationship. With increasing % compression, cell shapes became increasingly more rounded, although there wasn't much effect on the integrity of cell walls with increasing % compression. The degree to which grain structure changed during the various compression tests, combined with the curvilinear behavior of resistance force versus % compression, indicates that the voids and cell walls have an effect on texture. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wood, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM wood@pw.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 636 EP 640 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0636 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108KU UT WOS:000242239500010 ER PT J AU Sahlstrom, S Baevre, AB Graybosch, R AF Sahlstrom, Stefan Baevre, Anne Birgit Graybosch, Robert TI Impact of waxy, partial waxy, and wildtype wheat starch fraction properties on hearth bread characteristics SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID B-GRANULE FRACTIONS; LIPID CONTENTS; A-GRANULE; AMYLOSE; GELATINIZATION; QUALITY; PROTEIN; FLOURS; AMYLOPECTIN; ENDOSPERM AB Thirteen different wheat cultivars were selected to represent GBSS mutations: three each of wildtype, axnull, and bxnull, and two each of 2xnull and waxy. Starch and A- and B-granules were purified from wheat flour. Hearth bread loaves were produced from the flours using a small-scale baking method. A-granules purified from wildtype and partial waxy (axnull, bxmill, and 2xnull) starches have significantly higher gelatinization enthalpy and peak viscosity compared with B-granules. A- and B-granules from waxy starch do not differ in gelatinization, pasting, and gelation properties. A- and B-granules from waxy starch have the highest enthalpy, peak temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown, and lowest pasting peak time and pasting temperature compared with A- and B-granules from partial waxy and wildtype starch. Waxy wheat flour has much higher water absorption compared with partial waxy and wildtype flour. No significant difference in hearth bread baking performance was observed between wildtype and partial waxy wheat flour. Waxy wheat flour produced hearth bread with significantly lower form ratio, weight, a more open pore structure, and a bad overall appearance. Baking with waxy, partial waxy, and wildtype wheat flour had no significant effect on loaf volume. C1 MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Res Inst, As, Norway. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sahlstrom, S (reprint author), MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Res Inst, As, Norway. EM stefan.sahlstrom@matforsk.no NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0647 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108KU UT WOS:000242239500012 ER PT J AU Finnie, SM Bettge, AD Morris, CF AF Finnie, S. M. Bettge, A. D. Morris, C. F. TI Influence of flour chlorination and ingredient formulation on the quality attributes of pancakes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN ISOLATE; CAKE QUALITY; WHEAT-STARCH; BAKING; WHITE; WATER AB Soft wheat flour is commonly chlorinated in North America for the production of cakes and pancakes. The oxidative properties of chlorine gas cause chemical modifications to flour components that enhance processing and end-use functionality of the intended food products. The objectives of this study were 1) to compare how untreated and chlorine-treated commercial soft wheat flour perform in a standard pancake formulation and 2) to compare how the individual ingredients in a standard pancake formulation influence quality attributes of pancakes made with untreated as well as chlorine-treated commercial soft wheat flour. Two portions of the same soft wheat flour, one chlorinated and the other unchlorinated, were used to study the effects of flour chlorination on batter viscosity, geometry, and texture quality attributes of pancakes. Commercial pancake formula ingredients were evaluated at different concentrations for their individual influence on quality attributes of pancakes. Differences in means (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the influence of the sources of pancake quality variation. The results indicate that flour chlorination had a significant influence on pancake batter viscosity, geometry, and texture, with chlorinated flour producing a more viscous batter, a larger and thicker pancake that was softer, more cohesive and resilient. The evaluation of a wide range of formula ingredient concentrations indicated that none could wholly substitute for chlorination. Individual ingredients did dramatically influence pancake batter viscosity, geometry, and texture, especially soy flour, dextrose, and leavening agents. However, sucrose and shortening had nonsignificant influences on the end-use quality of both chlorinated and unchlorinated pancakes. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Toxicol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 684 EP 691 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0684 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108KU UT WOS:000242239500017 ER PT J AU Bouldin, JL Farris, JL Moore, MT Smith, S Cooper, CM AF Bouldin, J. L. Farris, J. L. Moore, M. T. Smith, S., Jr. Cooper, C. M. TI Hydroponic uptake of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in Juncus effusus and Ludwigia peploides SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; atrazine; lambda-cyhalothrin; Ludwigia peploides; Juncus effusus; hydroponic ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUATIC PLANTS; WETLAND MESOCOSMS; METHYL-PARATHION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; ACUTE TOXICITY; PHYTOREMEDIATION; SOIL; WATER AB Phytoremediation encompasses an array of plant-associated processes known to mitigate contaminants from soil, sediment, and water. Modification of pesticides associated with agricultural runoff includes processes directly associated with aquatic macrophytes in addition to changes in soil geochemistry and associated rhizospheric degradation. Remediation attributes of two vegetative species common to agricultural drainages in the Mississippi Delta, USA, were assessed using atrazine and lambda-eyhalothrin. Concentrations used in 8-d hydroponic exposures were calculated using recommended field applications and a 5% runoff model from a 0.65-cm rainfall event on a 2.02-ha field. While greater atrazine uptake was measured in Juncus effusus, greater lambda-cyhalothrin uptake occurred in Ludwigia peploides. Maximum pesticide uptake was reached within 48 h for each exposure and subsequent translocation of pesticides to upper plant biomass occurred in macrophytes exposed to atrazine. Sequestration of 98.2% of lambda-cyhalothrin in roots of L. peploides was measured after 8 d. Translocation of lambda-cyhalothrin in J. effusus resulted in 25.4% of pesticide uptake partitioned to upper plant biomass. These individual macrophyte remediation studies measured species- and pesticide-specific uptake rates, indicating that seasonality of pesticide applications and macrophyte emergence might interact strongly to enhance mitigation capabilities in edge-of-field conveyance structures. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Jonesboro, AR USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bouldin, JL (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Ecotoxicol Res Facil, POB 847, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM jbouldin@astate.edu NR 65 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2006 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1049 EP 1057 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.031 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107EH UT WOS:000242153000016 PM 16709423 ER PT J AU Goff, WL Molloy, JB Johnson, WC Suarez, CE Pino, I Rhalern, A Sahibi, H Ceci, L Carelli, G AdarnS, DS McGuire, TC Knowles, DP McElwain, TF AF Goff, Will L. Molloy, John B. Johnson, Wendell C. Suarez, Carlos E. Pino, Ignacio Rhalern, Abdelkebir Sahibi, Harnid Ceci, Luigi Carelli, Grazia AdarnS, D. Scott McGuire, Travis C. Knowles, Donald P. McElwain, Terry F. TI Validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against Babesia bovis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; B-CELL EPITOPES; CATTLE; ELISA AB A previously developed competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) based on a species-specific, broadly conserved, and tandemly repeated B-cell epitope within the C terminus of rhoptry-associated protein 1 of Babesia bovis was refined and validated for use internationally. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an assay with a specificity and positive predictive value of 100% and a sensitivity of 91.1%, with various negative predictive values depending on the level of disease prevalence. The cELISA was distributed to four different laboratories, along with a reference set of 100 defined bovine sera, including known-positive, known-negative, and field samples. Pairwise concordances among the four laboratories ranged from 94% to 88%. Analysis of variance of the resulting optical densities and a test of homogeneity indicated no significant difference among the laboratories. Overall, the cELISA appears to have the attributes necessary for international application. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Anim Res Inst, Yeerongpilly, Qld 4105, Australia. Vet CLin, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol, Rabat 6202, Morocco. Univ Bari, Fac Med Vet, Div Clin Vet Med, Dept Anim Hlth & Welf, I-70010 Valenzano, Italy. VMRD Inc, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wgoff@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 17 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1212 EP 1216 DI 10.1128/CVI.00196-06 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 107EC UT WOS:000242152500006 PM 16957062 ER PT J AU Crozier, ML Seamans, ME Gutierrez, RJ Loschl, PJ Horn, RB Sovern, SG Forsman, ED AF Crozier, Michelle L. Seamans, Mark E. Gutierrez, R. J. Loschl, Peter J. Horn, Robert B. Sovern, Stan G. Forsman, Eric D. TI Does the presence of Barred Owls suppress the calling behavior of Spotted Owls? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Barred Owl; behavior; crossover experiment; interspecific competition; Spotted Owl; vocalization ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; HABITAT; VOCALIZATIONS; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; VARIA AB Barred Owls (Strix varia) have expanded their range throughout the ranges of Northern (Strix occidentalis caurina) and California Spotted Owls (S. a. occidentalis). Field observations have suggested that Barred Owls may be behaviorally dominant to Spotted Owls. Therefore, we conducted a test of behavioral dominance by assessing responsiveness of Spotted Owls to conspecific calls when they were in the simulated presence (i.e., imitation of Barred Owl vocalizations) of a Barred Owl. We hypothesized that Spotted Owls would be less likely to respond to conspecific calls in areas where Barred Owls were common. We used a binary 2 X 2 crossover experimental design to examine male Spotted Owl responses at 10 territories randomly selected within two study areas that differed in abundance of Barred Owls. We also conducted a quasi experiment at four study areas using response data from any Spotted Owl (male or female) detected following exposure to Barred Owl calls. We inferred from the crossover experiment that the simulated presence of a Barred Owl might negatively affect Spotted Owl responsiveness. Both subspecies of Spotted Owl responded less to Spotted Owl calls after exposure to Barred Owl calls, Northern Spotted Owls responded less frequently in areas having higher numbers of Barred Owls, and California Spotted Owls responded less frequently than Northern Spotted Owls overall. C1 Univ Minnesota, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Bur Land Management, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. RP Gutierrez, RJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Dept, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gutie012@umn.edu NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 19 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 760 EP 769 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[760:DTPOBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 104RJ UT WOS:000241976200002 ER PT J AU Cooper, BA Raphael, MG Peery, MZ AF Cooper, Brian A. Raphael, Martin G. Peery, M. Zachariah TI Trends in radar-based counts of Marbled Murrelets on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, 1996-2004 SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus marmoratus; Marbled Murrelet; Northern Oscillation Index; population trends; productivity; radar; sea-surface temperature ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; EL-NINO; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT; CLIMATE; SEABIRD; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES AB The Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) is a high profile, federally threatened seabird, but no reliable estimates of population trends at inland breeding areas exist for this species. We conducted land-based radar studies of Marbled Murrelets at 3-7 sites on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, in 1996-2002 and 2004 to estimate population changes and to examine relationships between our counts and oceanographic conditions, murrelet productivity, and regional at-sea counts of murrelets. Morning radar counts of murrelets varied significantly among and within sites but did not decline from 1996-2004, suggesting that the inland breeding population of murrelets is stable in this area. A retrospective power analysis indicated that we had a 25% and 56% chance of detecting 2% and 4% annual declines, respectively. Thus, if relatively small annual declines did occur during our study period, there is a high probability that they would have gone undetected, even though they could add up to a biologically important decline over time. It is unlikely that murrelets on the Olympic Peninsula declined by >= 6% annually, however, because retrospective analyses indicated that power to detect such declines was > 88%. There was no significant relationship between radar counts and at-sea counts or productivity of murrelets in the nearby San Juan Islands during the study period. We also did not detect a relationship between radar counts and mean sea-surface temperatures or the Northern Oscillation Index, suggesting that variation in oceanographic conditions (e.g., the strong 1998 El Nino event) was not associated with variation in morning radar counts of Marbled Murrelets. A prospective power analysis indicated that small (2%-4%) annual declines could be detected with reasonably high power (>= 80%) with the current radar sampling design by extending the study to 11-15 years. C1 ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Cooper, BA (reprint author), ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, POB 249, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. EM bcooper@abrinc.com NR 60 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 936 EP 947 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[936:TIRCOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 104RJ UT WOS:000241976200017 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Hopkins, AA Moore, KJ Johnson, KD Carlson, IT AF Vogel, K. P. Hopkins, A. A. Moore, K. J. Johnson, K. D. Carlson, I. T. TI Genetic variation among Canada wildrye accessions from Midwest USA remnant prairies for biomass yield and other traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VIRGINIA WILDRYE; NORTHEAST USA; CANADENSIS AB Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis L.) and Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.), which are native to the USA, were collected from remnant Midwest prairies. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic variability among the collected accessions for biomass yield and other traits, determine the extent of genotype X environment interactions for these traits across Midwest environments, and to determine the relationship between the geographical location of the collection site and evaluation sites for these accessions for plant biomass yield which can be used as a measure of adaptation. Seed collected from six Midwest states was bulked by collection site to form individual accessions. Space transplanted evaluation nurseries were established at Mead, NE, Ames, IA, and West Lafayette, IN, and accessions were evaluated on a plot basis for 2 yr. There was significant genetic variation among accessions for post-heading forage yield, heading date, height, pre-heading in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein (CP) concentration, and post-heading CP concentration. Strain X location (S X L) interaction effects were only significant for post-heading IVDMD and height indicating that for the other traits, the relative ranking of the strains was similar at all three locations over the two evaluation years. Regression analyses of the effect of distance of the collection site from the evaluation site (direct, east or west, and north or south) on biomass yield were largely nonsignificant or had very low R-2 Values. These regression results along with the nonsignificant S X L effects from the analysis of variance indicate that longitudinal or latitudinal adaptation gradients for plant biomass yield are lacking for Canada wildrye accessions from Midwest prairies. All but five of the Canada wildrye accessions had higher biomass yield than the only released cultivar, Mandan, indicating that this germplasm can be used to develop improved cultivars that should be adapted to the region represented by the collection and evaluation sites. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Samuel Robert Noble Fdn, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpv@unlserve.unl.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2348 EP 2353 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0020 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500002 ER PT J AU Guttieri, MJ Peterson, KM Souza, EJ AF Guttieri, M. J. Peterson, K. M. Souza, E. J. TI Milling and baking quality of low phytic acid wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS; PHYTATE; GRAIN AB Low phytic acid (LPA) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one approach to improving nutritional quality of wheat by reducing the major storage form of phosphorus and increasing the level of inorganic phosphorus, which is more readily absorbed by humans and other monogastric animals. Milling and baking quality evaluations were conducted on hard red, hard white, and soft white spring wheat grain from field trials to evaluate the effects of the LPA genotype on the end-use quality of wheat. In hard wheat backgrounds, the LPA genotypes were not associated with detrimental effects on flour protein concentration, dough mixing properties, or bread loaf volume. LPA wheats had consistent, substantial increases (up to 0.93 g kg I) in flour ash concentration relative to wild-type (WT) wheats. Higher flour ash in WT wheats is often a sign of higher aluerone and bran fragments which are visually evident in dulling of Asian noodles color. However, initial alkaline noodle brightness (L* = 86.8-87.5) from hard white LPA flours was at least as high as from hard white wild-type flours (L* = 86.1-87.9). LPA genotypes have demonstrated a significant redistribution of minerals from the bran to the endosperm; this redistribution of minerals most likely caused the increase in flour ash rather than greater partitioning of bran into the flour. In the soft wheat background, LPA genotypes had greater sodium carbonate and sucrose SRC (31 and 43 g kg(-1) greater than wild type, respectively), suggesting that LPA wheats milled with greater apparent starch damage and/or pentosan content than WT sib lines. C1 USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Souza, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM souza.6@osu.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2403 EP 2408 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.03.0137 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500010 ER PT J AU Ferro, CR Hill, CB Miles, MR Hartman, GL AF Ferro, C. R. Hill, C. B. Miles, M. R. Hartman, G. L. TI Evaluation of soybean cultivars with the Rps1k gene for partial resistance or field tolerance to Phytophthora sojae SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEGASPERMA VAR SOJAE; ROOT-ROT; YIELD; SEEDLINGS; RACES; OHIO AB Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann and Gerdeman, primarily attacks the roots of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] plants. Partial resistance and field tolerance in 14 commercial glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] tolerant soybean cultivars with the Rps1k resistance gene were studied. Partial resistance to compatible P. sojae races 28 and 30 was evaluated by the agar layer technique. Relative to the percentage of the control, all of the commercial cultivars with the Rps1k had reductions in top mass and plant height that were not significantly different from the partial resistant check 'Conrad' that had 83% top mass and 77% plant height reduction; two of the 14 commercial cultivars had significantly lower root mass (28 and 31% lower) than Conrad (84%). In addition, there was no significant difference in disease ratings (root or whole plant) of the 14 commercial cultivars with the Rps1k compared with Conrad. Field tolerance, studied in six field experiments at Urbana, IL, during 20022004, was identified when there were no significant differences between the yield of inoculated treatments with or without mefenoxam [methyl N-(methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-D-alaninate] fungicide seed treatment or between inoculated and noninoculated treatments. There were no significant cultivar x inoculation x fungicide treatment interactions found in any of the field experiments, and a significant cultivar x inoculation treatment interaction was found in only one field experiment. Therefore, most of the cultivars appeared to be tolerant to P. sojae. It should be noted that field tolerance was not distinguished from partial resistance in the field component of this study. C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. UIUC, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2427 EP 2436 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11.0429 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500014 ER PT J AU Aghoram, K Wilson, RE Burton, JW Dewey, RE AF Aghoram, Karthik Wilson, Richard E. Burton, Joseph W. Dewey, Ralph E. TI A mutation in a 3-keto-acyl-ACP synthase II gene is associated with elevated palmitic acid levels in soybean seeds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; OIL; INHERITANCE; GERMPLASM; MUTANTS; ALLELE AB Palmitic acid is the major saturated fatty acid component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, typically accounting for approximately 11% of total seed oil content. Several genetic loci have been shown to control the seed palmitate content of soybean. One such locus, fap(2), mediates an elevated seed palmitate phenotype. Previous biochemical studies indicated that the fap2 locus is associated with a reduction in the activity of 3-keto-acyl-ACP synthase II (KAS II), an enzyme that initiates the elongation of palmitoyl-ACP to stearoyl-ACP in the plastid. The objective of the present research was to define the molecular basis by which the fap2 locus increases seed palmitate levels. We isolated two closely related, yet unique KAS II cDNAs, designated GmKAS IIA and GmKAS IIB, from soybean cultivar Century (Fap(2), Fap(2)) and its derivative high palmitate germplasm C1727 (fap(2), fap(2)). The GmKAS IIB cDNAs recovered from Century and C1727 were identical. In contrast, a single base-pair substitution was found in the GmKAS IIA gene from C1727 versus Century which converted a tryptophan codon into a premature stop codon, a mutation that would be predicted to render the encoded enzyme nonfunctional. Knowledge of the DNA sequence polymorphism led to the development a facile, robust cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker that readily distinguishes the mutant GmKAS IIA gene. This marker faithfully associated with a second independent germplasm line bearing the fap2 locus, and thus may be useful in breeding programs that target the development of high palmitate soybean cultivars. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Oilseeds & Biosci Program, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dewey, RE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ralph_dewey@ncsu.edu NR 28 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2453 EP 2459 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0218 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500017 ER PT J AU Bowen, DE Guttieri, MJ Peterson, K Peterson, K Raboy, V Souza, EJ AF Bowen, David E. Guttieri, Mary J. Peterson, Karen Peterson, Kevin Raboy, Victor Souza, Edward J. TI Phosphorus fractions in developing seeds of four low phytate barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC-ACID GENOTYPES; INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; SOYBEAN LINES; GUARD-CELLS; PHOSPHATE; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; PHENOTYPE; GRAIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Low phytic acid (lpa) crops have reductions in the amount of seed phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP(6)) and increases in inorganic phosphorus (Pi) with little change to the amount of total seed P In this study, four barley lpa genotypes (lpa1-2, lpa2-1, lpa3-1, and M955), backcross wild-type (wt) sib-selections, and original parental line 'Harrington' were grown in the field over 2 yr. Developing seed was harvested once a week for 3 wk and then again at physiological maturity, and the seeds assayed for levels of total P, Pi, and phytic acid P Total phosphorus concentration showed no consistent differences between the lpa genotypes and Harrington. Inorganic P declined during development in the wt genotypes; however in lpa genotypes, inorganic P declined during the first few weeks of development, and then increased from 24 d to maturity. Phytic acid concentration increased steadily during development for the wt lines and barley lpa1-1 and lpa2-1, although the increase was much slower in the lpa lines. The lpa3-1 and M955 had very little InsP6 accumulation until later in development, with little to no increase in the amount of phytic acid in mature seed of M955 compared to the developing seeds of lpa3-1. This information is useful in understanding timing of phosphorus accumulation in seeds, as well as the nature of the low phytic acid mutation in seed development. C1 Univ Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Souza, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM souza.6@osu.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2468 EP 2473 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0459 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500019 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Robins, JG Jensen, KB Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ Berdahl, JD AF Waldron, Blair L. Robins, Joseph G. Jensen, Kevin B. Palazzo, Antonio J. Cary, Timothy J. Berdahl, John D. TI Population and environmental effects on seed production, germination, and seedling vigor in western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rydb.] A. Love) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS; STAND ESTABLISHMENT; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; REGISTRATION; SELECTION; EMERGENCE; WEIGHT; ORCHARDGRASS; VARIABILITY; GERMPLASM AB Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rydb.] A. Love) has low seed production and poor germination and seedling vigor, limiting its use when quick establishment is needed to stabilize degraded range-lands. This study examined differences among germplasm sources and seed production environments on western wheatgrass seed traits. Seed was harvested from 10 western wheatgrass populations grown in three environments. Seed yield, seed weight, seedling germination, and seedling vigor were then determined. Seedling vigor was measured by greenhouse evaluation of seedling emergence percentage and rate from a planting depth of 6.35 cm. There were significant population X environment interactions for seed yield and seed weight. However, high Spearman's rank correlations between environments within each trait (r = 0.64 to 0.85, P = 0.048 to 0.002) suggested that environment had only a moderate effect on ranking of populations. Mean seed yield and 100-seed weight varied significantly among populations, ranging from 2.6 to 25.4 g plant(-1) and 0.43 to 0.54 g, respectively. Seed germination was high, ranging from 78.4 to 94.4%; however, population performance was not consistent across environments. Environment had no effect on seedling emergence rate, whereas emergence among populations ranged from 2.4 to 4.2 seedlings d(-1). Germination rate and seed weight were both correlated with seedling emergence rate (r = 0.57, P = 0.001 and r = 0.49, P = 0.01, respectively). These results indicated that seed production environment had little effect on western wheatgrass seed yield or seedling vigor and that it may be possible to breed for improvement in these traits by selecting among and within western wheatgrass populations. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res Lab, ERDC, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@usu.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2503 EP 2508 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0257 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500025 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Wu, XL Jones, TA Jensen, KB Chatterton, NJ Waldron, BL Robins, JG Bushman, BS Palazzo, AJ AF Larson, Steven R. Wu, Xiaolei Jones, Thomas A. Jensen, Kevin B. Chatterton, N. Jerry Waldron, Blair L. Robins, Joseph G. Bushman, B. Shaun Palazzo, Antonio J. TI Comparative mapping of growth habit, plant height, and flowering QTLs in two interspecific families of Leymus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; TAGGED SITES STSS; PHALARIS-COERULESCENS; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; LINKAGE MAPS; GENETIC-MAP; GENOME RELATIONSHIPS; WHEAT; RFLP AB Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. Love and L. triticoides (Buckley) Pilg. are tall caespitose and short rhizomatous perennial Triticeae grasses, respectively. Circumference of rhizome spreading, proportion of bolting calms, anthesis date, and plant height were evaluated in two mapping families derived from two interspecific hybrids of L. cinereus Acc:636 and L. triticoides Acc:641 accessions, backcrossed to one L. triticoides tester. Two circumference, two bolting, and two height QTLs were homologous between families. Two circumference, seven bolting, all five anthesis date, and five height QTLs were family specific. Thus, substantial QTL variation was apparent within and between natural source populations of these species. Two of the four circumference QTLs were detected in homoeologous regions of linkage groups 3a and 3b in both families, indicating that one gene may control much of the dramatic difference in growth habit between these species. A major height QTL detected in both families may correspond with dwarfing mutations on barley 2H and wheat 2A. The L. cinereus parent contributed negative alleles for all four circumference QTLs, five of nine bolting QTLs, two of five anthesis date QTLs, and one of seven height QTLs. Coupling of synergistic QTL allele effects within parental species was consistent with the divergent growth habit and plant height of L. cinereus and L. triticoides. Conversely, antagonistic QTL alleles evidently caused transgressive segregation in reproductive bolting and flowering time. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stlarson@cc.usu.edu NR 72 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2526 EP 2539 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0472 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500028 ER PT J AU Neto, ALDF Hartman, GL Pedersen, WL Li, SX Bollero, GA Diers, BW AF Neto, Austeclinio L. de Farias Hartman, Glen L. Pedersen, Wayne L. Li, Shuxian Bollero, German A. Diers, Brian W. TI Irrigation and inoculation treatments that increase the severity of soybean sudden death syndrome in the field SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP GLYCINES; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; SYNDROME SDS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; RESISTANCE; LOCI; FORREST; ESSEX; SOIL; MAX AB The occurrence of sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by the fungus Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines (FSG) (syn. Fusarium virguliforme Akoi, O'Donnell, Homma and Lattanzi), is unpredictable in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] field trials making it difficult to evaluate soybean for resistance to the pathogen. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of field inoculation, soil compaction, and irrigation on the occurrence and severity of SDS symptoms. Six inoculation treatments were tested which included applications of FSG-infested grain planted in the furrow with the soybean seed, broadcasted and incorporated into the soil before planting, or placed below the soybean seed just before planting. Soil was compacted by driving a tractor across the field once in early spring. Irrigation treatments were applied at combinations of growth stages V3, V7, R3, R4, and/or R5. Significant increases in foliar SDS severity were observed from inoculation and irrigation treatments (P < 0.05), but not from compaction treatments. The inoculation treatments that placed inoculum close to the seed resulted in the greatest foliar severity. Irrigation treatments during mid to late reproductive growth stages resulted in significant increases in SOS foliar symptom development. These results increase our understanding of what environmental conditions increase SDS field symptoms and will be useful to researchers establishing SDS field nurseries. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EMBRAPA, Cerrados, BR-73310970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bdiers@uiuc.edu NR 32 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2547 EP 2554 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0129 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500030 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH Simon, R Spooner, DM AF Jansky, Shelley H. Simon, Reinhard Spooner, David M. TI A test of taxonomic predictivity: Resistance to white mold in wild relatives of cultivated potato SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; INSECT RESISTANCE; SOLANUM-CHACOENSE; SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; SECT PETOTA; EVOLUTION AB A major justification for taxonomic research is its assumed ability to predict the presence of traits in a group for which the trait has been observed in a representative subset of the group. Taxonomy is regularly used by breeders interested in choosing potential sources of disease-resistant germplasm for cultivar improvement. We designed this study as an empirical test of prediction by associating resistance to white mold [caused by the fungal pathogen Selerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] to diverse potato (Solanum spp.) taxonomies and biogeography, using 144 accessions of 34 wild relatives of potato in Solanum sections Petota and Etaberosum. Tremendous variation for resistance to white mold occurs both within and among species. No consistent association was observed between white mold resistance and taxonomic series (based on a phenetic concept), clades (based on a cladistic concept), ploidy, breeding system, geographic distance, or climate parameters. Species and individual accessions with high proportions of white-mold-resistant plants have been identified in this study, but both often exhibit extensive variation and designation of either as resistant or susceptible must take this variation into account. Therefore, taxonomic relationships and ecogeographic data cannot be reliably used to predict where additional sources of white mold resistance genes will be found. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu OI Simon, Reinhard/0000-0002-4608-9077 NR 77 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2561 EP 2570 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0461 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500032 ER PT J AU Price, HJ Hodnett, GL Burson, BL Dillon, SL Stelly, DM Rooney, WL AF Price, H. James Hodnett, George L. Burson, Byron L. Dillon, Sally L. Stelly, David M. Rooney, William L. TI Genotype dependent interspecific hybridization of sorghum bicolor SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; HORDEUM-BULBOSUM; S-MACROSPERMUM; CROSSABILITY; GERMINATION; EVOLUTION; SECALE; WILD; RYE AB Wild Australian Sorghum species are a tertiary gene pool to grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and they are of interest to breeders because of their resistance to important insects and pathogens. However, strong reproductive barriers have prevented hybridization between S. bicolor and these wild species. The purpose of this study was to determine if the recessive iap allele (dominant allele lap = inhibition of alien pollen) would reduce or eliminate the pollen-pistil incompatibilities that prevent hybridization between S. bicolor and divergent Sorghum species. Cytoplasmic male-sterile S. bicolor plants, homozygous for the iap allele, were pollinated with three divergent Sorghum species, S. angustum Blake, S. nitidum (Vahl) Pers., and S. macrospermum Garber. The pollen of these three wild species readily germinated and the pollen tubes grew to the base of the S. bicolor ovary within 2 h after pollination. Hybrid embryos were detected in the S. bicolor florets 13 to 20 d post-pollination. Sorghum bicolor x S. angustum and S. bicolor x S. uitidum hybrids were obtained using embryo rescue followed by in vitro culture techniques and hybrids between S. bicolor and S. macrospermum were obtained by simply germinating the hybrid seed. These hybrids were confirmed by their morphological and cytological traits. These findings clearly demonstrate that the recessive iap allele circumvents pollen-pistil incompatibilities in the genus Sorghum and permits hybrids to be made between S. bicolor and species of the tertiary gene pool. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Australian Trop Crops & Forages Collect, Queensland Dep Primary Ind & Fisheries, Biloela, Qld, Australia. RP Hodnett, GL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM g-hodnett@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2617 EP 2622 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09.0295 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500040 ER PT J AU Hill, NS Schwarz, P Dahleen, LS Neate, SM Horsley, R Glenn, AE O'Donnell, K AF Hill, N. S. Schwarz, P. Dahleen, L. S. Neate, S. M. Horsley, R. Glenn, A. E. O'Donnell, K. TI ELISA analysis for Fusarium in barley: Development of methodology and field assessment SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEAD BLIGHT; RESISTANCE; DEOXYNIVALENOL; WHEAT; GRAMINEARUM; MYCOTOXINS; CULMORUM; GENES AB Evaluating Fusarium head blight (FHB) involves inoculating barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch] followed by visual observation of disease and analysis for deoxynivalenol (DON). Disease symptoms and DON are not always correlated because both are affected by environmental variables. The objective of this study was to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of FHB in barley. Antibodies to F. graminearum were tested for reaction with other Fusarium spp. Antibodies from cell line IF8 reacted with Fusarium spp. tested, but not other Ascomycota. The ELISA method was developed using seed lots with no, low, and high levels of DON. Quantity of seed, volume of extraction buffer, and agitation time were tested and Fusarium quantified with ELISA. Five genotypes each for high, medium, and low ELISA values were selected from a field experiment using a doubled-haploid mapping population in 2003. The lines were grown in 2004 and scored for FHB, DON, and ELISA. ELISA had lower error than FHB or DON. Lines selected for low, medium, and high ELISA in 2003 had low, medium, and high ELISA values in 2004. ELISA and DON were correlated in both field experiments (r = 0.51). ELISA and DON were correlated (r = 0.71) in samples selected from grain elevators in 1993 through 2003 indicating naturally occurring Fusarium spp. outside the B clade had no effect on the performance of the ELISA analysis. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Plant Sci Dep, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hill, NS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM nhill@uga.edu NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2636 EP 2642 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.03.0203 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500043 ER PT J AU Burton, JW Brownie, C AF Burton, Joseph W. Brownie, Cavell TI Heterosis and inbreeding depression in two soybean single crosses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; SELECTION; GERMPLASM; SYSTEMS; CROPS AB Heterosis is considered to be of little importance in soybean (Glyclne max L. Merr.) because the crop is produced as "pure-line" cultivars or blends of inbred lines. The Fr generations Holladay/Hutcheson (Cross 1) and Brim/Boggs (Cross 2) were generated by hand pollinations. Inbred generations were generated by bulk selfng. The F(1), F(2), F(3), F(4), and F(5) generations were yield-tested in replicated bordered single row plots in multiple years and locations. The average yield of Cross 1 F, was 16% greater than that of the highest-yielding parent and the average yield of the Cross 2 Fr was 5% greater than the highest-yielding parent. Cross 1 showed significant inbreeding depression when regressed on percentage inbreeding which is clear evidence of dominance for yield. Possible genetic bases for heterosis in soybean include gene complementation or interaction of duplicate favorable loci in repulsion, linked dominant alleles that are inherited as a unit, a greater number of dominant alleles in the F, than either parent separately, multiple dosage-dependant regulatory loci, and/or overdominance. The existence of heterosis should be evidence that superior gene combinations are possible. The magnitude of yield heterosis may be a useful criterion for selection among biparental crosses. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM joe_burton@ncsu.edu NR 43 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2643 EP 2648 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.03.0156 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500044 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Hobbs, HA Bowen, CR Bernard, RL Hill, CB Haudenshield, JS Domier, LL Hartman, GL AF Wang, Y. Hobbs, H. A. Bowen, C. R. Bernard, R. L. Hill, C. B. Haudenshield, J. S. Domier, L. L. Hartman, G. L. TI Evaluation of soybean cultivars, 'Williams' isogenic lines, and other selected soybean lines for resistance to two Soybean mosaic virus strains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-ANALYSIS; PLANT-VIRUSES; INHERITANCE; REGISTRATION; ALLELISM; CHINA AB Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most common soybean viruses worldwide. The resistance or susceptibility of most commercial soybean cultivars to SMV is not known. The objectives of this study were to evaluate resistance to SMV strains G1 and G5 of current soybean cultivars, isogenic lines with different Rsv genes and alleles in 'Williams' or 'Williams 82' background, and selected soybean lines with reported or observed SMV resistance. Commercial and precommercial soybean cultivars were screened for resistance to SMV strains G1 and G5. Based on multiple tests, 1.5% and 6.7% of the 850 cultivars were resistant to SMV-G1 and SMV-G5, respectively. No cultivars were resistant to both strains. Expression of different SMV resistance genes in Williams isogenic lines inoculated with both SMV strains indicated that lines with Rsvl-y from 'Dorman', or unnamed resistance genes from 'Kosamame', and 'Sodendaizu', were resistant to G1 and susceptible to G5. Lines with Rsv1 alleles from PI 96983, 'Marshall', or `Ogden' were resistant to both strains, and lines with Rsvl alleles from `Raiden', `SS 74185' (P1486355), or 'Suweon 97' were resistant to G1 and produced a systemic necrosis reaction with G5. Lines with Rsv3-h from `Hardee' were susceptible to Gl and resistant to G5. Isogenic lines with SMV resistance genes from `Buffalo' showed either a resistant-resistant or resistant-susceptible reaction to the two SMV strains, suggesting the presence of more than one SMV resistance gene. Ten selected lines with reported or observed resistance to SMV were inoculated with the two SMV strains. Some lines were resistant to either G1 or G5, and some were resistant to both strains. C1 Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2649 EP 2653 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0267 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500045 ER PT J AU Ynturi, P Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Gutierrez, OA Saha, S AF Ynturi, Pavathi Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C., Jr. Gutierrez, Osman A. Saha, Sukumar TI Association of root-knot nematode resistance genes with simple sequence repeat markers on two chromosomes in cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; ASSIGNMENT; LOCI AB Breeding for root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] resistance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is hindered by intensive screening procedures. Identification of DNA markers associated with RKN resistance would provide tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objective of this study was to identify DNA markers associated with RKN resistance and associate these with chromosomes. Parents and an FZ population from a cross of resistant near isoline (RNIL) X susceptible near isoline (SNIL) were grown in a greenhouse, inoculated with RKN eggs, and scored for gall index, followed by genotyping with simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The source of the resistance was from the Auburn 634 line. Genotype analysis was conducted on 86 FZ plants with nine polymorphic SSR markers. Additive dominance model analysis showed that Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) SSR markers BNL 3661, 3644, 3545, and 1231 accounted for 21,19,12, and 11% of the variation in gall index, respectively. BNL 3661 and 1231 together accounted for 31% of the variation in gall index. BNL 3661 had significant additive and dominant genetic effects of 0.61 and 0.50, respectively. BNL 1231 had significant additive genetic effects of 0.51 and no dominant effects. BNL 3661, 3544, and 3645 were linked and these markers were located on the short arm of chromosome 14. BNL 1231 is located on the long arm of chromosome 11. The association of two different chromosomes with RKN resistance suggests at least two genes are involved in RKN gall score in the cross studied. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jnjenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2670 EP 2674 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0319 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500048 ER PT J AU Guttieri, MJ Peterson, KM Souza, EJ AF Guttieri, M. J. Peterson, K. M. Souza, E. J. TI Mineral distributions in milling fractions of low phytic acid wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM-DEFICIENCY; PHYTATE; GRAIN; PHOSPHORUS; ABSORPTION; RICE AB Low phytic acid (LPA) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one approach to improving nutritional quality of wheat by reducing the major storage form of P and increasing the level of inorganic P (Pi), which is more readily absorbed by humans and other monogastric animals. A LPA mutant of wheat, designated Js-12-LPA was isolated following mutagenesis. LPA and wild-type (WT) sib selections of hard red spring wheat families with the pedigree 'Grandin'*4/Js-12-LPA were grown in replicated field trials in 2003 and 2004. Grain was milled on an experimental mill, and the distribution of P, phytic acid P (PAP), and Pi was measured in milling fractions. Mineral concentrations also were determined. LPA selections had elevated concentrations of Pi and Mg in flour fractions. The concentration of Pi in LPA flour was three times the concentration in WT flour, and Mg concentration in LPA flour was 25% greater than in WT flour. Therefore, P and Mg in LPA wheat appear to be redistributed within the kernel. The increase in Pi is similar to that observed for other LPA mutants and should improve the mineral nutrition of monogastric animals fed whole grain LPA wheat. As most wheat is milled for flour and bran, the detailed distribution of minerals in the LPA wheat should assist geneticists and nutritionists in assessing the value of this mutation. C1 Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Souza, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, 1640 Williams Way, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM souza.6@osu.edu NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2692 EP 2698 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0054 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500051 ER PT J AU Mergoum, M Frohberg, RC Stack, RW Rasmussen, JB Friesen, TL AF Mergoum, M. Frohberg, R. C. Stack, R. W. Rasmussen, J. B. Friesen, T. L. TI Registration of 'Howard' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Mergoum, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mohamed.mergoum@ndsu.nodak.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 NR 3 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2702 EP 2703 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.03.0185 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500053 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Temple, SR Chen, W AF Muehlbauer, F. J. Temple, S. R. Chen, W. TI Registration of 'Dylan' chickpea cultivar SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2705 EP 2705 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0489 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500056 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Varner, GV Hosfield, GL Uebersax, MA Taylor, J AF Kelly, J. D. Varner, G. V. Hosfield, G. L. Uebersax, M. A. Taylor, J. TI Registration of 'Capri' cranberry bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Mich Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kellyj@msu.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2706 EP 2707 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0485 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500058 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Varner, GV Hosfield, GL Uebersax, MA Taylor, J AF Kelly, J. D. Varner, G. V. Hosfield, G. L. Uebersax, M. A. Taylor, J. TI Registration of 'Sedona' pink bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Mich Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kellyj@msu.edu NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2707 EP 2708 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0486 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500059 ER PT J AU Burton, JW Israel, DW Bishop, PE AF Burton, J. W. Israel, D. W. Bishop, P. E. TI Registration of 'Nitrasoy' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM joe_burton@ncsu.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2709 EP 2710 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0503 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500062 ER PT J AU Burton, JW Carter, TE Fountain, MO Bowman, DT AF Burton, J. W. Carter, T. E., Jr. Fountain, M. O. Bowman, D. T. TI Registration of 'NC-Raleigh' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burton@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2710 EP 2711 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11.0410 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500063 ER PT J AU Mozingo, RW Coffelt, TA Phipps, PM Coker, DL AF Mozingo, R. W. Coffelt, T. A. Phipps, P. M. Coker, D. L. TI Registration of 'CHAMPS' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Tidewater Agric Res & Ext Ctr, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. USDA ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Coker, DL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Tidewater Agric Res & Ext Ctr, 6321 Holland Rd, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. EM dlcoker@vt.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2711 EP 2712 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0513 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500064 ER PT J AU Baring, MR Simpson, CE Burow, MD Black, MC Cason, JM Ayers, J Lopez, Y Melouk, HA AF Baring, M. R. Simpson, C. E. Burow, M. D. Black, M. C. Cason, J. M. Ayers, J. Lopez, Y. Melouk, H. A. TI Registration of 'Tamrun OL07' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Texas Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Texas Coop Ext, Uvalde, TX 78802 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Baring, MR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM m-baring@tamu.edu NR 4 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2721 EP 2722 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0413 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500075 ER PT J AU Meredith, WR AF Meredith, W. R., Jr. TI Registration of MD 15 upland cotton germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, CG&P, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Meredith, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, CG&P, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM wmeredith@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2722 EP 2723 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0354 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500076 ER PT J AU Arelli, PR Young, LD Mengistu, A AF Arelli, P. R. Young, L. D. Mengistu, A. TI Registration of high yielding and multiple disease-resistant soybean germplasm JTN-5503 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES C1 USDA ARS, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Arelli, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 605 Airways Blvd, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM parelli@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2723 EP 2724 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0471CRG PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500077 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Gulya, TJ Vick, BA AF Miller, J. F. Gulya, T. J. Vick, B. A. TI Registration of two maintainer (HA 451 and HA 452) and three restorer (RHA 453-RHA 455) Sclerotinia-tolerant oilseed sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM millerjf@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2727 EP 2728 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0436 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500080 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Gulya, TJ Vick, BA AF Miller, J. F. Gulya, T. J. Vick, B. A. TI Registration of three maintainer (HA 456, HA 457, and HA 412 HO) high-oleic oilseed sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM millerjf@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2728 EP 2728 DI 10.2135/cropsci.2006.06.0437 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500081 ER PT J AU Hu, J Miller, JF Vick, BA AF Hu, J. Miller, J. F. Vick, B. A. TI Registration of a tricotyledon sunflower genetic stock SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM huj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2734 EP 2735 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0002 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117HI UT WOS:000242863500084 ER PT J AU Hill-Ambroz, K Webb, CA Matthews, AR Li, WL Gill, BS Fellers, JP AF Hill-Ambroz, Kristi Webb, Craig A. Matthews, Angie R. Li, Wanlong Gill, Bikram S. Fellers, John P. TI Expression analysis and physical mapping of a cDNA library of Fusarium head blight infected wheat spikes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEFENSE RESPONSE GENES; CULTIVAR FRONTANA; UDP-GLUCOSE; RESISTANCE; GRAMINEARUM; SCAB; LOCALIZATION; CULMORUM; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; INHERITANCE AB Resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) (caused mainly by Fusarium grominearum Schw.) is difficult to obtain because of the quantitative nature and the numerous types of resistance involved. cDNA expression arrays have become a rapidly growing area for the identification and characterization of genes involved in complex pathways. A cDNA library was made from wheat (Triticum aestivum I.) spikes of the variety 'Sumai 3', 24 h after inoculation with F graminerum. Clones were sequenced and putative function assigned to each clone based on BLASTX alignments. Nylon membrane arrays were made from the 580 unigenes present in the library, of which 75 expressed clones were induced in the first 24 h after inoculation. Of these unigenes, 14 are involved in defense response, 9 in gene expression and regulation, 29 in other cell functions, and 24 are without a known function. The induced genes catalyze key steps in the formation of lignin, energy production, and production of phytoalexins suggesting that resistance in wheat to Fusorium is provided by a different pathway than that of the hypersensitive response. Two of the induced genes, BE585589 and BE585627, were physically mapped to regions of chromosomes 3AS and 6BL, respectively, known to contain major OTL for FHB resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fellers, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, 4008 Throckmarton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jpf@pseru.ksu.edu NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP S15 EP S26 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07.0206tpg PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 119QF UT WOS:000243027000004 ER PT J AU Tracy, WF Whitt, SR Buckler, ES AF Tracy, William F. Whitt, Sherry. R. Buckler, Edward S. TI Recurrent mutation and genome evolution: Example of Sugary 1 and the origin of sweet maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ISOAMYLASE; DIVERSITY AB In maize (Zea mays U, mutations at the Sugary l locus are the genetic bases for maize with specialty uses cultivated throughout the western hemisphere precontact (pre-Columbian). The traditional North American sweet maize is homozygous for a recessive sugaryl (sul) allele. Determining the number of unique alleles among sul maize races is relevant to the debate in archeology and evolutionary biology over whether independent mutation or migration plays a dominant role in the spread of novel phenotypes. We sequenced sul from 57 cultivars of sul maize and determined that five independent mutations have been selected. Three of these five alleles were single base pair changes at highly conserved sites and a fourth was a 1.3-kbp transposon. It will be interesting to note if future study in a variety of disciplines will lead to consensus on the significant role of recurrent mutation in evolution. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, BASF Plant Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tracy, WF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wftracy@wisc.edu NR 18 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP S49 EP S54 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006-03-0149tpg PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 119QF UT WOS:000243027000007 ER PT J AU Towill, LE Bonnart, R Volk, GM AF Towill, Leigh E. Bonnart, Remi Volk, Gayle M. TI Cryopreservation of Arabidopsis thaliana shoot tips SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE vitrification; two-step cooling; cryoprotectant; liquid nitrogen; cold acclimation ID SUSPENSION CELLS; VITRIFICATION; SURVIVAL; REGENERATION; MERISTEMS; CULTURES AB Development of a successful shoot tip cryopreservation method for Arabidopsis thaliana L. will enable researchers to use molecular tools to study processes important for successful cryopreservation in this model organism. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis can be successfully cryopreserved using either plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) or plant vitrification solution 3 (PVS3) as cryoprotectants prior to rapidly cooling shoot tips in liquid nitrogen (LN). Shoot tip regrowth after PVS2 cryoprotectant treatment was improved after cold acclimation treatments of 8 or 18 days. All of the shoots tips regrew after IN exposure when cryoprotected with PVS3 for 60 min at 22 degrees C. In addition, shoot tips could be cryopreserved using a two-step cooling procedure with PGD (polyethylene glycol-glucose-dimethyl sulfoxide) as a cryoprotectant. The high levels of shoot formation after IN exposure of Arabidopsis shoot tips makes this a desirable system in which molecular tools can be used to examine how alterations in biochemical, metabolic and developmental processes affect regrowth after cryoprotective treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 353 EP 360 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 132SA UT WOS:000243961300003 PM 17256069 ER PT J AU Houlihan, AJ Russell, JB AF Houlihan, Adam J. Russell, James B. TI The effect of calcium and magnesium on the activity of bovicin HC5 and nisin SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; IN-VITRO; BACTERIOCIN; RESISTANCE; COMPLEX; PH AB Some Gram-positive bacteria produce small peptides (bacteriocins) that have antimicrobial activity, but many bacteria can become bacteriocin resistant. Bovicin HC5, a lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus bovis HC5, has the ability to inhibit nisin-resistant bacteria. Because nisin resistance has in many cases been correlated with an alteration of lipoteichoic acids or the polar head groups of membrane phospholipids, we decided to examine the effect of divalent cations on nisin and bovicin HC5 activity. Both bacteriocins catalyzed potassium efflux from S. bovis JB1, a non-bacteriocin-producing strain. The addition of large amounts (100 mM) of calcium or magnesium increased the ability of S. bovis JB1 to bind Congo red (an anionic dye) and counteracted bacteriocin-mediated potassium loss. Calcium was more effective than magnesium in decreasing nisin activity, but the reverse was observed with bovicin HC5. Nisin-resistant S. bovis JB1 cells bound three times as much Congo red as nisin-sensitive cells, and this result is consistent with the idea that changes in cell surface charge can be a mechanism of bacteriocin resistance. The nisin-resistant cells were less susceptible to bovicin HC5, but bovicin HC5 still caused a 50% depletion of intracellular potassium. These results indicate that nisin and bovicin HC5 react differently with the cell surfaces of Gram-positive bacteria. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-0417-z PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 101FX UT WOS:000241726400003 PM 17036211 ER PT J AU Chen, HZ Hopper, SL Li, XL Ljungdahl, LG Cerniglia, CE AF Chen, Huizhong Hopper, Sherryll L. Li, Xin-ang Li Ljungdahl, Lars G. Cerniglia, Carl E. TI Isolation of extremely AT-rich genomic DNA and analysis of genes encoding carbohydrate-degrading enzymes from Orpinomyces sp strain PC-2 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIROMYCES SP E2; ANAEROBIC FUNGUS NEOCALLIMASTIX; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; SEQUENCE; RUMEN; EQUI AB An effective method for extraction of intact genomic DNA from the extremely AT-rich polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 has been developed. This procedure involves removal of glycogen-like storage polysaccharides using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and high salt washes. The DNA was digested with various restriction enzymes and was suitable for use as a PCR template, for Southern blotting, and for genomic library construction. Genomic DNA analysis of three representative genes (celE, bgl1, and xynA) encoding (hemi-) cellulolytic enzymes of the fungus revealed multiplicity of family 5 endocellulase genes (celE-like), and family 1 beta-glucosidase genes (bgl1-like), but only a single copy of family 11 xylanase gene (xynA). C1 US FDA, Div Microbiol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Biol Resource Recovery, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Chen, HZ (reprint author), US FDA, Div Microbiol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM huizhong.chen@fda.hhs.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 396 EP 400 DI 10.1007/s00284-006-0098-2 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 101FX UT WOS:000241726400009 PM 17019643 ER PT J AU Swarbrick, MM Austrheim-Smith, IT Stanhope, KL Van Loan, MD Ali, MR Wolfe, BM Havel, PJ AF Swarbrick, M. M. Austrheim-Smith, I. T. Stanhope, K. L. Van Loan, M. D. Ali, M. R. Wolfe, B. M. Havel, P. J. TI Circulating concentrations of high-molecular-weight adiponectin are increased following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE adiponectin; clinical science; gastric bypass; human; insulin sensitivity; weight regulation ID HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BARIATRIC SURGERY; MULTIMERIC COMPLEXES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; OBESE SUBJECTS; SENSITIVITY; PROTEIN; REDUCTION AB Aims/hypothesis In addition to weight loss, bariatric surgery for severe obesity dramatically alleviates insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated whether circulating concentrations of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) form of adiponectin are increased following gastric bypass surgery. The HMW form is implicated as the multimer responsible for adiponectin's hepatic insulin-sensitising actions. Subjects and methods We studied 19 women who were undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Studies were conducted prior to, and 1 and 12 months after surgery. Results One month after surgery, total plasma adiponectin concentrations were unchanged. Nevertheless, increases in both HMW (by 40 +/- 15%, p=0.006) and the proportion of adiponectin in the HMW form (from 40 +/- 2 to 50 +/- 2%, p < 0.0001) were observed. At 12 months, total and HMW adiponectin concentrations were increased by 58 +/- 8% and 118 +/- 21%, respectively (both p < 0.001). The majority (80%) of the increase of total adiponectin was due to an increase of the HMW form. After adjustment for covariates, increases of HMW and total adiponectin at 12 months were correlated with the decrease of fat mass (HMW, p=0.0076; total, p=0.0302). In subjects with improved insulin sensitivity at 12 months after surgery (n=18), the increase of HMW, but not that of total adiponectin, predicted the relative decrease of insulin resistance (HMW: p=0.0044; total: p=0.0775, after adjustment for covariates). Conclusions/interpretation These data suggest that the reduction of fat mass following gastric bypass surgery is an important determinant of the increase of HMW adiponectin concentrations, which in turn is associated with and may contribute to the resulting improvement of insulin sensitivity. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Havel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhavel@ucdavis.edu FU NCCIH NIH HHS [AT-002593]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-019975]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-075675] NR 28 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD NOV PY 2006 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2552 EP 2558 DI 10.1007/s00125-006-0452-8 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 099FL UT WOS:000241578600005 PM 17019599 ER PT J AU Kahl, S Elsasser, TH AF Kahl, S. Elsasser, T. H. TI Exogenous testosterone modulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha and acute phase protein responses to repeated endotoxin challenge in steers SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute phase proteins; cattle; endotoxin; testosterone; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SEX-HORMONES; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; GENDER DIFFERENCES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; DISEASE; STEROIDS; SEPSIS; BOVINE AB Clinical responses to some disease agents differ between sexes and this dimorphism has been attributed to the immunomodulating effects of steroid hormones. Our objective was to determine in steers the effect of testosterone on circulating concentrations of immune response mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha; serum amyloid-A, SAA; haptoglobin, HG; xanthine oxidase, XO; nitric oxide. NO) after two consecutive endotoxin challenges (LPS1 and LPS2, 5 days apart; 0.25 mu g/kg BW). Sixteen crossbred steers (328 +/- 6 kg) were assigned to control (CON, n = 8) or testosterone cypionate treatment (TES, n = 8; 100 mg/m(2) body surface; i.m. injection 12 and 2 days before LPS1). The response to LPS was calculated as area under the time x concentration curve (AUC) for the parameter measured. After LPS1, TNF-alpha AUC was greater in TES than CON (P < 0.05). Plasma HG and SAA concentrations increased (P < 0.01) after LPS1 and LPS2. In all steers SAA AUC was greater after LPS I than LPS2 (P < 0.01) but the response was augmented over CON with testosterone treatment (P < 0.05). HG response to LPS1 within 24 h was not affected by testosterone. However, 5 days after LPS1 mean plasma HG concentration remained higher in TES than CON (P < 0.01). HG response to LPS2 was greater in TES than CON (P < 0.01). Plasma nitrate + nitrite concentration (NO production marker) and XO activity increased after each LPS challenge but responses were not affected by testosterone treatment. Results indicate that the presence of circulating testosterone increases the magnitude of the TNF-alpha response to LPS challenge as well as the subsequent increases in acute phase proteins (APP). Effects of testosterone on increases in TNF-alpha and APP may underlie a differential presentation of disease symptoms between sexes or between steers and bulls. The data also suggest a role for testosterone in the development of tolerance to repeated immune challenge through its effect on the increased magnitude and duration of HG response. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kahl, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 200,Room 211E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM skahl@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.11.005 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 099DN UT WOS:000241572800001 PM 16386401 ER PT J AU Small, BC Murdock, CA Waldbieser, GC Peterson, BC AF Small, Brian C. Murdock, Christopher A. Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Peterson, Brian C. TI Reduction in channel catfish hepatic growth hormone receptor expression in response to food deprivation and exogenous cortisol SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE channel catfish growth hormone receptor; sequence; expression; fasting; cortisol ID BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; I MESSENGER-RNA; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; BINDING-PROTEINS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; MARINE TELEOST; ACUTE STRESS; RATION SIZE AB The objective of this study was to assess the effects of food deprivation and exogenous cortisol administration on somatic growth of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and examine the resultant changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expression. Integral to this objective, we report the isolation, sequence, and characterization of channel catfish GHR. Sequence analysis and characterization results indicate sequence identity and tissue distribution similar to GHRs in other teleost fish and several functional characteristics conserved in known vertebrate GHRs. The effects of food deprivation and dietary exogenous cortisol administration were assessed as part of a 4-week study. Growth was significantly reduced after 4 weeks in cortisol-fed fish compared to fed-control fish, and fasting resulted in weight loss. At the end of the 4-week study, both IGF-I plasma concentrations and hepatic GHR mRNA abundance were significantly reduced in fasted and cortisol-fed catfish. Levels of hepatic GHR mRNA were positively correlated to circulating IGF-I levels. These results suggest that a reduction in hepatic GHR gene expression might serve as a mechanism for the reduction of circulating IGF-I and growth in channel catfish during periods of food deprivation and stress. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; NR 47 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 340 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.12.003 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 099DN UT WOS:000241572800004 PM 16423501 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Fishman, ML Hicks, KB Kende, M Ruthel, G AF Liu, LinShu Fishman, Marshall L. Hicks, Kevin B. Kende, Meir Ruthel, Gordon TI Pectin/zein beads for potential colon-specific drug delivery: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation SO DRUG DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE colon-specific drug delivery; controlled release; hydrogel; pectin; zein ID PROTEIN; CORN; ZEIN AB Novel complex hydrogel beads were prepared from two edible polymers: pectin, a carbohydrate from citrus fruits, and zein, a protein from corn. The pectin/zein complex hydrogels did not swell in physiological environments, but hydrolyzed in the presence of pectinases. An in vitro study showed the capacity of the hydrogels to endure protease attack and residence time variation. The physical and biological properties of the new hydrogels were attributed to molecular entanglement of the two polymers. The pectin networks were stabilized by the bound zein molecules. In turn, the pectin networks shielded the bound zein from protease digestion. C1 ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. GBR Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lsliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 45 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1071-7544 J9 DRUG DELIV JI Drug Deliv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1080/10717540500394935 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 087YX UT WOS:000240779800003 PM 17002969 ER PT J AU Coulson, D Joyce, L AF Coulson, David Joyce, Linda TI Indexing variability: A case study with climate change impacts on ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE moving block methodology; cumulative sum of squares; variance shift; change point detection; indexing variance ID TIME-SERIES; VARIANCE; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; SYSTEMS; SCALE AB We developed a methodology to index statistical changes in the variance of ecological measures over time. While ecological indicators are used to assess ecosystem health, vulnerability, risk and damage to ecosystems, their primary focus has been on changes to the mean of the ecological state or process. Little work has been done on incorporating variability into ecological indices. The methodology developed here is based on the Modified Levene's test of variance and a moving block where an initial time period (block) of ecosystem behavior is compared to the moving block. This allows for the detection of not only shifts in variance but also the magnitude of the shift on a continuous basis. Our results compared well with the benchmarked results from the Centered Cumulative Sum of Squares Algorithm (CUSUM) for detection of variance changes in fixed time series. The output from this methodology is a continuous stream of parameters (significant variance shift, magnitude of the shift, and the direction of the variance shift) suitable for indexing variance or integrating into an index measuring ecosystem change. Results suggest that the block interval widths should be at least 50 and that a smoothing factor of five be used to avoid false positives. We used modeled vegetation carbon output to analyze the utility of the methodology, illustrating that different model assumptions and CO2 regimes affect the variability of the ecological response. The degree of risk resource managers may want to explore can be altered by choices in the block length, the length of the string used to smooth variance shifts, the assumption that the initial period has constant variance and the alpha levels used to determine statistical significance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. SI Int, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Joyce, L (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect St, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dpcoulson@fs.fed.us; ljoyce@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 749 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.09.008 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093QC UT WOS:000241182400009 ER PT J AU Robinson, DCE Geils, BW AF Robinson, Donald C. E. Geils, Brian W. TI Modelling dwarf mistletoe at three scales: life history, ballistics and contagion SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE arceuthobium; spatial model; epidemiological model; forest model; forest vegetation simulator ID WESTERN HEMLOCK FOREST; GROWTH DOUGLAS-FIR; PONDEROSA PINE; SIMULATION-MODEL; INTENSIFICATION; SPREAD; STANDS; POPULATION; INFECTION; DISPERSAL AB The epidemiology of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium) is simulated for the reproduction, dispersal, and spatial patterns of these plant pathogens on conifer trees. A conceptual model for mistletoe spread and intensification is coded as sets of related subprograms that link to either of two individual-tree growth models (FVS and TASS) used by managers to develop silvicultural and land management plans. This dwarf mistletoe model is based on knowledge of mistletoe biology and forest practices acquired through a series of workshops, programming exercises, and continuing research and development. Key components of mistletoe epidemiology are identified as life history, ballistics, and contagion. An infestation is quantified at the tree-level by a standard measure of mistletoe intensity, the dwarf mistletoe rating (DMR). Life history describes the progression of mistletoe populations from new infections to seed-producing plants and includes biocontrol and mortality of the mistletoe. The model tracks mistletoe populations as changes in DMR rather than individual plants. Life history is represented as changes in pools for various developmental stages; and rates of change are modified by time, light, and other environmental factors (including hyperparasites). Dwarf mistletoes disperse by explosive discharge of small seeds followed by ballistic flight that displaces seeds horizontally to a maximum distance of about 14m. The model represents dispersal as probabilistic, spatially explicit, ballistic trajectories for each host tree in a simulated stand. The spacing of trees and mistletoe within infested stands exhibits a range of patterns as regular, random, or clumped; the rates of spread to new hosts and intensification within infested hosts are influenced by crown and canopy distributions derived from descriptors of stem clumping and mistletoe contagion. Spatial arrangements of trees in the model are determined from stand-level statistics that characterize groups of trees at the scale of a 14 m radius neighborhood, the maximum distance for ballistic dispersal. The number of trees in a simulated neighborhood is a function of the variance to mean ratio for tree density in the stand. The autocorrelation of trees of more similar DMR is used to simulate aggregation of infected trees into infestation patches. Model behavior for sensitivity to key relationships and fit to observed stands is demonstrated using data for a dense western hemlock stand and two initially similar, open-canopy ponderosa pine stands either treated for mistletoe or left untreated. The model provides a practical tool for assessing the long-term, cumulative effects of disease and management in mistletoe-infested stands. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ESSA Technol Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Robinson, DCE (reprint author), ESSA Technol Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM drobinson@essa.com NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 199 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.ecomodel.2006.06.007 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096YP UT WOS:000241413200003 ER PT J AU Steele, BM Reddy, SK Keane, RE AF Steele, Brian M. Reddy, Swarna K. Keane, Robert E. TI A methodology for assessing departure of current plant communities from historical conditions over large landscapes SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE multivariate statistical analysis; outliers; principal components analysis ID OUTLIER DETECTION; DYNAMICS; VEGETATION; MODELS AB Fire frequency and severity, and vegetation composition and structure have been altered across much of North America during the past century because of fire exclusion and other land management practices. The cumulative results are now recognized to be partly responsible for dramatic increases in wildland fire severity and declines in ecosystem health. In response, the Departments of Agriculture and Interior are developing a strategy for reducing fire hazard and restoring forest health. A key component of this strategy is the assessment of the departure of current plant communities from historical conditions. Assessing departure is difficult because of limited spatial coverage of data on successional class distribution prior to European settlement (historical) conditions. This article discusses a two-step approach to the problem that first generates data on historical vegetation composition and structure by simulating succession and disturbance processes under historical conditions, and then measures departure by comparing these simulated data to an observation on current conditions. The data are observations on high-dimensional multinomial categorical variables, and pose several problems that limit the usefulness of conventional statistical methods. We propose a method that constructs a linear approximation of the current observation vector from the simulated historic data, and measures the departure of the current observation vector by the length of the residual error vector. A simulation study indicates that this departure measure is substantially more sensitive than conventional outlier detection methods. Our methodology is demonstrated using a pilot region encompassing lands in Utah. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Math Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Steele, BM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Math Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM steele@mso.umt.edu NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 199 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.ecomodel.2006.06.016 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096YP UT WOS:000241413200005 ER PT J AU Chapin, FS Woodwell, GM Randerson, JT Rastetter, EB Lovett, GM Baldocchi, DD Clark, DA Harmon, ME Schimel, DS Valentini, R Wirth, C Aber, JD Cole, JJ Goulden, ML Harden, JW Heimann, M Howarth, RW Matson, PA McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Mooney, HA Neff, JC Houghton, RA Pace, ML Ryan, MG Running, SW Sala, OE Schlesinger, WH Schulze, ED AF Chapin, F. S., III Woodwell, G. M. Randerson, J. T. Rastetter, E. B. Lovett, G. M. Baldocchi, D. D. Clark, D. A. Harmon, M. E. Schimel, D. S. Valentini, R. Wirth, C. Aber, J. D. Cole, J. J. Goulden, M. L. Harden, J. W. Heimann, M. Howarth, R. W. Matson, P. A. McGuire, A. D. Melillo, J. M. Mooney, H. A. Neff, J. C. Houghton, R. A. Pace, M. L. Ryan, M. G. Running, S. W. Sala, O. E. Schlesinger, W. H. Schulze, E. -D. TI Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE net ecosystem production; net ecosystem carbon balance; gross primary production; ecosystem respiration; autotrophic respiration; heterotrophic respiration; net ecosystem exchange; net biome production; net primary production ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ENERGY-FLOW; SALT-MARSH; METABOLISM; FORESTS; CLIMATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Recent projections of climatic change have focused a great deal of scientific and public attention on patterns of carbon (C) cycling as well as its controls, particularly the factors that determine whether an ecosystem is a net source or sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Net ecosystem production (NEP), a central concept in C-cycling research, has been used by scientists to represent two different concepts. We propose that NEP be restricted to just one of its two original definitions-the imbalance between gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). We further propose that a new term-net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB)-be applied to the net rate of C accumulation in (or loss from [negative sign]) ecosystems. Net ecosystem carbon balance differs from NEP when C fluxes other than C fixation and respiration occur, or when inorganic C enters or leaves in dissolved form. These fluxes include the leaching loss or lateral transfer of C from the ecosystem; the emission of volatile organic C, methane, and carbon monoxide; and the release of soot and CO2 from fire. Carbon fluxes in addition to NEP are particularly important determinants of NECB over long time scales. However, even over short time scales, they are important in ecosystems such as streams, estuaries, wetlands, and cities. Recent technological advances have led to a diversity of approaches to the measurement of C fluxes at different temporal and spatial scales. These approaches frequently capture different components of NEP or NECB and can therefore be compared across scales only by carefully specifying the fluxes included in the measurements. By explicitly identifying the fluxes that comprise NECB and other components of the C cycle, such as net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and net biome production (NBP), we can provide a less ambiguous framework for understanding and communicating recent changes in the global C cycle. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Environm, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Chapin, FS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ferry.chapin@uaf.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef/K-9627-2014; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; OI Rastetter, Edward/0000-0002-8620-5431; Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910; NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Pace, Michael/0000-0001-5945-6131 NR 58 TC 351 Z9 364 U1 33 U2 323 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 109UO UT WOS:000242334600001 ER PT J AU Leighty, WW Hamburg, SP Caouette, J AF Leighty, Wayne W. Hamburg, Steven P. Caouette, John TI Effects of management on carbon sequestration in forest biomass in southeast Alaska SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; geographic information system; climate change; forest management; Alaska ID UNITED-STATES; ROOT BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEMS; STORAGE; BUDGET; STORES; WOOD AB The Tongass National Forest (Tongass) is the largest national forest and largest area of old-growth forest in the United States. Spatial geographic information system data for the Tongass were combined with forest inventory data to estimate and map total carbon stock in the Tongass; the result was 2.8 +/- 0.5 Pg C, or 8% of the total carbon in the forests of the conterminous USA and 0.25% of the carbon in global forest vegetation and soils. Cumulative net carbon loss from the Tongass due to management of the forest for the period 1900-95 was estimated at 6.4-17.2 Tg C. Using our spatially explicit data for carbon stock and net flux, we modeled the potential effect of five management regimes on future net carbon flux. Estimates of net carbon flux were sensitive to projections of the rate of carbon accumulation in second-growth forests and to the amount of carbon left in standing biomass after harvest. Projections of net carbon flux in the Tongass range from 0.33 Tg C annual sequestration to 2.3 Tg C annual emission for the period 1995-2095. For the period 1995-2195, net flux estimates range from 0.19 Tg C annual sequestration to 1.6 Tg C annual emission. If all timber harvesting in the Tongass were halted from 1995 to 2095, the economic value of the net carbon sequestered during the 100-year hiatus, assuming $20/Mg C, would be $4 to $7 million/y (1995 US dollars). If a prohibition on logging were extended to 2195, the annual economic value of the carbon sequestered would be largely unaffected ($3 to $6 million/y). The potential annual economic value of carbon sequestration with management maximizing carbon storage in the Tongass is comparable to revenue from annual timber sales historically authorized for the forest. C1 Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. US Forest Serv, Reg Off, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Leighty, WW (reprint author), POB 20993, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM WayneLeighty@alumni.brown.edu NR 44 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1051 EP 1065 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0028-3 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 109UO UT WOS:000242334600002 ER PT J AU Day, WH Tatman, KM AF Day, W. H. Tatman, K. M. TI Changes in abundance of native and adventive Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in alfalfa fields, in northern New Jersey (1993-2004) and Delaware (1999-2004), USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Coccinellidae; changes in abundance; native; adventive; New Jersey; Delaware; U. S. A. ID PROPYLEA-QUATUORDECIMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; LADY BEETLES; HIPPODAMIA-VARIEGATA; HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; AMERICA; SEPTEMPUNCTATA; HYMENOPTERA; PARASITES AB Weekly and biweekly sweep net collections were made near Blairstown, New Jersey, and Newark, Delaware (both in the U.S.A.), for 12 and 6 consecutive years, respectively. At Blairstown, only one non-native coccinellid [Coccinella septempunctala (L.)] was common when this research was started in 1993, one [Propylea quatitordecimpunctata (L.)] had recently appeared, and two others [Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)] were detected later during the 12-year study. All of these four species were adventive, having established themselves through commerce, three species at inland ports, and one near a coastal seaport. The most numerous adult lady beetles at both locations were two native species, Coleomegilla maculata (F.) and Hippodamia parethesis (Say), and three adventive species, P. quatuodecimpuntata, C. septempunctata, and H. axyridis. Six species were occasionally swept at Blairstown - one adventive species (H. variegata) and five native species [Cycloneda munda (Say), Coccinella transversoguttata Mulsant, C. trifasciata Mulsant, Hippodamia convergens Guerin, and Brachiacantha ursina (F.)]. All but the last species were also found at Newark. Lady beetle numbers varied considerably front year to year at both locations, demonstrating that long-term (10 years or more) research is required to correctly identify population trends. No coccinellid species decreased during the 12-year study at Blairstown-indicating that the once-connuon H. convergens and several species of Coccinella had become rare before the study started in 1993, and before three of the four adventive lady beetles had become numerous. The previous establishment of exotic parasites, previously reported to have reduced pea aphid numbers, was likely indirectly responsible for decreasing coccinellid diversity in alfalfa. Competition by the adventive C. septempunctala may also have reduced some coccinellid species prior to 1993, but such data for the northeastern U.S.A. have not been published. to our knowledge. C1 USDA BIRL, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA BIRL, 501 Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM william.day@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 117 IS 5 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[491:CIAONA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 140YS UT WOS:000244543400003 ER PT J AU Brooks, JJ Champ, PA AF Brooks, Jeffrey J. Champ, Patricia A. TI Understanding the wicked nature of "unmanaged recreation" in Colorado's Front Range SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE collaboration; natural resource conflict; problem definition; United States forest service; unmanaged recreation; wicked problems ID UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC LANDS; MANAGEMENT; MIGRATION; FORESTS; STRATEGIES; COUNTIES; ISSUES; WEST AB Unmanaged recreation presents a challenge to both researchers and managers of outdoor recreation in the United States because it is shrouded in uncertainty resulting from disagreement over the definition of the problem, the strategies for resolving the problem, and the outcomes of management. Incomplete knowledge about recreation visitors' values and relationships with one another, other stakeholders, and the land further complicate the problem. Uncertainty and social complexity make the unmanaged recreation issue a wicked problem. We describe the wickedness inherent in unmanaged recreation and some of the implications of wickedness for addressing the problem for the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. Conclusions about the nature of the problem are based on a problem appraisal that included a literature review and interviews of key informants. Addressing wickedness calls for institutional changes that allow for and reward the use of trust building, inclusive communication, and genuinely collaborative processes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Brooks, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jbrooks@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 BP 784 EP 798 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0372-2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 092NQ UT WOS:000241104500007 PM 16933079 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS AF Banuelos, G. S. TI Phyto-products may be essential for sustainability and implementation of phytoremediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Biogeochemisty of Trace Elements CY APR 03-07, 2005 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA DE phytoremediation; selenium; phytoproduct; essential micronutrient ID ENRICHED PLANT-TISSUE; SELENIUM; ACCUMULATION; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT; CANOLA; CANCER; WATER AB Interest in selenium pollution and remediation technology has escalated during the past two decades. Although not known to be essential for plants, selenium is essential but could be toxic for humans and animals, depending on its concentration. A major selenium controversy in the 1980's emerged in California when the general public and scientific community became aware of selenium's potential as an environmental contaminant. After extensive research on several strategies to reduce loads of mobile Se for entering the agricultural ecosystem a plant-based technology, defined as 'phytoremediation' received increasing recognition, as a low-cost environmentally friendly approach for managing soluble Se in the soil and water environment. Successful long-term field remediation of Se by plants is, however, dependent upon acceptance and widespread use by growers, who are also concerned about potential commercial value from using the plant-based technology. Obtaining products with economic value from plants used in the cleanup of soil would certainly be an additional benefit to phytoremediation, which could help sustain its long-term use. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.015 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 092ZY UT WOS:000241138100004 PM 16519976 ER PT J AU Jouraeva, VA Johnson, DL Hassett, JP Nowak, DJ Shipunova, NA Barbarossa, D AF Jouraeva, Venera A. Johnson, David L. Hassett, John P. Nowak, David J. Shipunova, Natalia A. Barbarossa, Dana TI Role of sooty mold fungi in accumulation of fine-particle-associated PAHs and metals on deciduous leaves SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sooty mold fungi; fine particulate matter; PM2.5; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAHs; heavy metals; atmospheric air pollution; deciduous tree ecosystem ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EPICUTICULAR LEAF WAXES; INTERSPECIES VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; AMBIENT AIR; URBAN AIR; DEGRADATION AB The focus of this research was on elucidation of the role of deciduous tree ecosystems in accumulation of fine-particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals on leaves of deciduous trees. The studied species were Tilia x euchlora (frequently infested by sooty mold fungi) and Pyrits calleryana (unaffected by sooty mold fungi). The selected species have similar leaf morphology and were exposed to identical environmental conditions. Intra-species comparison showed that moldy linden leaves accumulate significantly: higher amounts of PAHs and metals than unaffected linden leaves. Inter-species comparison revealed that in the absence of sooty mold fungi, physico-chemical properties of epicuticular waxes, rather than the amounts of waxes, might play an important role in accumulation of particulate matter on leaves. The accumulation and/or degradation of a number of high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs on leaves was temperature dependent. The results show that the presence of sooty mold fungi on deciduous leaves alters either the accumulation modes and/or degradation pathways of PAHs on deciduous leaves. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc.. All rights reserved. C1 Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Boehm Sci Ctr 316, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY USA. USDA Forest Serv, Syracuse, NY USA. Shiva Technol Inc, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Jouraeva, VA (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Boehm Sci Ctr 316, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. EM jouraeva@kutztown.edu NR 61 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 102 IS 3 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.06.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 108GM UT WOS:000242228300003 PM 16890933 ER PT J AU Kocar, BD Herbel, MJ Tufano, KJ Fendorf, S AF Kocar, Benjamin D. Herbel, Mitchell J. Tufano, Katherine J. Fendorf, Scott TI Contrasting effects of dissimilatory iron(III) and arsenic(V) reduction on arsenic retention and transport SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON REDUCTION; GROUNDWATER; SPECIATION; BIOMINERALIZATION; COMPLEXATION; FERRIHYDRITE; MOBILIZATION; BANGLADESH; CARBONATE; BACTERIUM AB Reduction of arsenate As(V) and As-bearing Fe (hydr)oxides have been proposed as dominant pathways of As release within soils and aquifers. Here we examine As elution from columns loaded with ferrihydrite-coated sand presorbed with As(V) or As(III) at circumneutral pH upon Fe and/or As reduction; biotic stimulated reduction is then compared to abiotic elution. Columns were inoculated with Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN-32 or Sulfurospirillum barnesii strain SES-3, organisms capable of As(V) and Fe(III) reduction, or Bacillus benzoevorans strain HT-1, an organism capable of As(V) but not Fe(III) reduction. On the basis of equal surface coverages, As(III) elution from abiotic columns exceeded As(V) elution by a factor of 2; thus, As(III) is more readily released from ferrihydrite under the imposed reaction conditions. Biologically mediated As-reduction induced by B. benzoevorans enhances the release of total As relative to As(V) under abiotic conditions. However, under Fe reducing conditions invoked by either S. barnesii or S. putrefaciens, approximately three times more As (V or III) was retained within column solids relative to the abiotic experiments, despite appreciable decreases in surface area due to biotransformation of solid phases. Enhanced As sequestration upon ferrihydrite reduction is consistent with adsorption or incorporation of As into biotransformed solids. Our observations indicate that As retention and release from Fe (hydr)oxide(s) is controlled by complex pathways of Fe biotransformation and that reductive dissolution of As-bearing ferrihydrite can promote As sequestration rather than desorption under conditions examined here. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA ARS, USSL, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Fendorf, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fendorf@stanford.edu NR 28 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 11 U2 113 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 21 BP 6715 EP 6721 DI 10.1021/es061540k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099WV UT WOS:000241628800036 PM 17144301 ER PT J AU Hobbs, MS Grippo, RS Farris, JL Griffin, BR Harding, LL AF Hobbs, Melissa S. Grippo, Richard S. Farris, Jerry L. Griffin, Billy R. Harding, Lora L. TI Comparative acute toxicity of potassium permanganate to nontarget aquatic organisms SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE potassium permanganate; toxicity testing; aquaculture; aquatic organisms ID ION LOSS BIOMARKER; CHANNEL CATFISH; FATHEAD MINNOWS; WATER; MANGANESE; EXPOSURE; FINGERLINGS; BIOTA; FISH AB Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is used worldwide in freshwater pond aquaculture for treatment and prevention of waterborne external parasitic, bacterial, and fungal diseases. Nevertheless, KMnO4 has not been approved by the U.S..Food and Drug Administration, and insufficient information exists to allow evaluation of the environmental risk of KMnO4 exposures. Limited data exist concerning KMnO4 toxicity to nontarget species in systems receiving aquaculture effluent from treated ponds. The goal of this research is to generate effects data for use in developing an ecological risk assessment of KMnO4. Toxicity tests were used to compare the relative sensitivities of five standard aquatic test species to KMnO4. Acute toxicity test results using synthetic moderately hard water show static 96-h mean median lethal concentration (LC50) values +/- standard deviation (SD) of 0.058 +/- 0.006 mg/L for Ceriodaphnia dubia, 0.053 +/- 0.009 mg/L for Daphnia magna, 2.13 +/- 0.07 mg/L for Pimephales promelas, 4.74 +/- 1.05 mg/L for Hyalella azteca, and 4.43 +/- 0.79 mg/L for Chironomus tentans. Most of these values are below the recommended KMnO4 treatment rate of at least 2.0 mg/L or 2.5 times the water's potassium permanganate demand (PPD; an estimation of the available reducing agents in the exposure water), suggesting significant environmental risk. However, repeating these laboratory tests using pond water resulted in significantly reduced toxicity, with static 96-h mean LC50 values (+/- SD) of 2.39 +/- 0.36 mg/L for C. dubia, 1.98 +/- 0.12 mg/L for D. magna, 11.22 +/- 1.07 mg/L for P. promelas, 13.55 +/- 2.24 mg/L for H. azteca, and 12.30 +/- 2.83 mg/L for C. tentans. The PPD of synthetic moderately hard water was 0.329 +/- 0.114 mg/L; however, pond water PPD was 5.357 +/- 0.967 mg/L. The effective disease-treating dose based on 2.5 times the PPD would thus be 0.823 and 13.392 mg KMnO4/L, respectively, exceeding the LC50 for most of these nontarget organisms, even in pond water, immediately after treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Hobbs, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM mhobbs@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11 BP 3046 EP 3052 DI 10.1897/05-453R2.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 095LJ UT WOS:000241308900030 PM 17089730 ER PT J AU Park, SK O'Neill, M Vokonas, P Sparrow, D Spiro, A Tucker, K Suh, H Hu, H Schwartz, J AF Park, S. K. O'Neill, M. Vokonas, P. Sparrow, D. Spiro, A., III Tucker, K. Suh, H. Hu, H. Schwartz, J. TI The association between particulate air pollution and homocysteine: The VA normative aging study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEE/ISEA 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ISEE, ISEA C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 SU S BP S141 EP S141 DI 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00351 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JL UT WOS:000241443400351 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Ariss, JJ Bauchan, GA Larsen, RC Hughes, TJ AF Vandemark, G. J. Ariss, J. J. Bauchan, G. A. Larsen, R. C. Hughes, T. J. TI Estimating genetic relationships among historical sources of alfalfa germplasm and selected cultivars with sequence related amplified polymorphisms SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; Medicago; SRAP ID REGISTRATION AB Fifteen alfalfa populations consisting of six public cultivars and nine historically recognized sources of alfalfa germplasm in North American cultivars were examined using sequence related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs). Three bulk DNA samples from each population were evaluated with fourteen different SRAP primer pairs. This resulted in 249 different amplicons, of which over 90% were polymorphic. A dendrogram from the analysis suggests that the public cultivars are quite diverse from all the historical sources of germplasm. The highest mean genetic similarity among the nine original sources of Medicago germplasm was 0.85 between PI 536535 (Peruvian) and 536536 (Indian), while the lowest (0.47) was between PI 560333 (M. falcata) and 536539 (African). The highest mean genetic similarity among the nine original sources of Medicago germplasm and the public alfalfa cultivars was 0.78 between PI 536532 (Ladak) and Vernal, while the lowest (0.59) was between PI 536539 (African) and Oneida. Relationships based on SRAP analysis appear to generally concur with expected relationships based on fall dormancy. This report demonstrates that SRAPs are a promising marker system for detecting polymorphisms in alfalfa. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2006 VL 152 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9167-7 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 111AO UT WOS:000242423100002 ER PT J AU Divis, LA Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Baenziger, PS Hein, GL Beecher, BB Martin, TJ AF Divis, L. A. Graybosch, R. A. Peterson, C. J. Baenziger, P. S. Hein, G. L. Beecher, B. B. Martin, T. J. TI Agronomic and quality effects in winter wheat of a gene conditioning resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; wheat streak mosaic virus; Wsm-1; resistance gene; agronomic and quality effects ID AGROPYRON INTERMEDIUM; TRANSLOCATION; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; LINES AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is one of the most important diseases limiting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the western Great Plains of North America. There is no known effective WSMV resistance within the primary gene pool of wheat. However, a resistance gene (Wsm1) has been transferred to wheat from a perennial relative, intermediate wheat-grass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey]. Nebraska-adapted winter wheat lines carrying Wsm1 were used to characterize the effects of this alien introgression on agronomic and quality traits. Sister-lines from six breeding populations were evaluated under virus-free conditions, and under a naturally occurring viral infection. In uninfected locations, no significant difference for grain yield was detected between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines, when averaged over populations, but resistant lines had significantly higher test weights. Within populations, significantly higher grain yield was observed only in population 1, while significantly higher test weights occurred in populations 1, 2, 5 and 6. At the infected location, resistant lines were significantly higher in yield in five of six populations. In two of six populations, susceptible lines were significantly higher in bread loaf volume and bake mix time, while in the remaining populations, no significant quality differences were observed. As the Wsm1 gene provided yield advantages under viral infection, and there was no yield detriment in the absence of the virus, its deployment in hard winter wheat cultivars merits consideration. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Divis, LA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2006 VL 152 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9174-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 111AO UT WOS:000242423100005 ER PT J AU McCarty, JC Wu, JX Saha, S Jenkins, JN Hayes, R AF McCarty, Jack C. Wu, Jixiang Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Johnie N. Hayes, Russell TI Effects of chromosome 5sh from Gossypium barbadense L. on flower production in G-hirsutum L. SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE chromosome substitution lines; chromosome association; cotton; developmental genetics; flowering; flower rate ID SUBSTITUTION LINES; UPLAND COTTON; YIELD; COMPONENTS; TRAITS; FIBER; WHEAT; GENETICS AB Cotton (Gossypium spp.) yield is directly determined by mature bolls that developed from squares and flowers. The first four to six weeks of flowering accounts for the majority of lint yield in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) for most cultivated areas of the southern USA cotton belt. In this study, we evaluated 13 cotton chromosome substitution lines (CS-B) and their chromosome specific-F-2 hybrids, TM-1, 3-79, and six cultivars for the number of flowers produced during the first four weeks of flowering. Results showed that CS-B05sh produced more flowers than TM-1 and 3-79 from 10 July to 5 August. The results suggest that when the short arm of chromosome 5 was substituted from 3-79 (G. barbadense L.) into TM-1 (G. hirsutum) a positive genetic association with flower numbers during this flowering period was exhibited. CS-B05sh had comparable flower numbers with three cultivars, Deltapine 90, Phytogen 355, and Stoneville 474 and more flowers than, Sure Grow 747, Sure Grow 125, and Deltapine 5415. Different patterns for additive and dominance effects on cumulative flowers were observed across weeks of flowering. Dominance effects were more apparent during the early part of the flowering period while additive effects were more apparent towards the end of the flowering period. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jmccarty@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2006 VL 152 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9183-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 111AO UT WOS:000242423100011 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Whitehead, WF Singh, BP Wang, S AF Sainju, Upendra M. Whitehead, Wayne F. Singh, Bharat P. Wang, Shirley TI Tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil nitrogen and cotton and sorghum yields SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE tillage; cover crop; nitrogen fertilization; inorganic nitrogen; cotton yield; sorghum yield ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; GRAIN-SORGHUM; WINTER LEGUMES; GREEN MANURES; WATER-QUALITY; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; CORN; CARBON; WHEAT AB Sustainable soil and crop management practices that reduce soil erosion and nitrogen (N) leaching, conserve soil organic matter, and optimize cotton and sorghum yields still remain a challenge. We examined the influence of three tillage practices (no-till, strip till and chisel till), four cover crops {legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)], nonlegume [rye (Secaele cereale L.)], vetch/rye biculture and winter weeds or no cover crop}, and three N fertilization rates (0, 60-65 and 120-130 kg N ha(-1)) on soil inorganic N content at the 0-30 cm depth and yields and N uptake of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. A field experiment was conducted on Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudults) from 1999 to 2002 in Georgia, USA. Nitrogen supplied by cover crops was greater with vetch and vetch/rye biculture than with rye and weeds. Soil inorganic N at the 0-10 and 10-30cm depths increased with increasing N rate and were greater with vetch than with rye and weeds in April 2000 and 2002. Inorganic N at 0-10 cm was also greater with vetch than with rye in no-till, greater with vetch/rye than with rye and weeds in strip till, and greater with vetch than with rye and weeds in chisel till. In 2000, cotton lint yield and N uptake were greater in no-till with rye or 60 kg N ha(-1) than in other treatments, but biomass (stems + leaves) yield and N uptake were greater with vetch L and vetch/rye than with rye or weeds, and greater with 60 and 120 than with 0 kg N ha(-1). In 200 1, sorghum grain yield, biomass yield, and N uptake were greater in strip till and chisel till than in no-till, and greater in vetch and vetch/rye with or without N than in rye and weeds with 0 or 65 kg N ha(-1). In 2002, cotton lint yield and N uptake were greater in chisel till, rye and weeds with 0 or 60 kg N ha(-1) than in other treatments, but biomass N uptake was greater in vetch/rye with 60 kg N ha(-1) than in rye and weeds with 0 or 60 kg N ha(-1). Increased N supplied by hairy vetch or 120-130 kg N ha(-1) increased soil N availability, sorghum grain yield, cotton and sorghum biomass yields, and N uptake but decreased cotton lint yield and lint N uptake compared with rye, weeds or 0 kg N ha(-1). Cotton and sorghum yields and N uptake can be optimized and potentials for soil erosion and N leaching can be reduced by using conservation tillage, such as no-till or strip till, with vetch/rye biculture cover crop and 60-65 kg N ha(-1). The results can be applied in regions where cover crops can be grown in the winter to reduce soil erosion and N leaching and where tillage intensity and N fertilization rates can be minimized to reduce the costs of energy requirement for tillage and N fertilization while optimizing crop production. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 372 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2006.07.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 103LR UT WOS:000241887300010 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Richter, DD Coleman, DC Hofmockel, M AF Callaham, M. A., Jr. Richter, D. D., Jr. Coleman, D. C. Hofmockel, M. TI Long-term land-use effects on soil invertebrate communities in Southern Piedmont soils, USA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Colloquium on Soil Zoology - Soil Animals and Ecosystems Services CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Univ Rouen, Mt St Aignan, FRANCE HO Univ Rouen DE macroarthropods; soil macrofauna; earthworms; Diplocardia; Aporrectodea; bimastos; Scarabaeidae; Carabidae; immature insects; elateridae; land-use ID MACROFAUNA; LEGACIES AB Historically,a large percentage of land area in the Piedmont of the southeastern USA was under intensive agricultural management for the production of cotton. This intensive farming resulted in massive erosion, and general degradation of soil resources until insect pests and poor economic conditions forced large-scale abandonment of farmland around the 1930s. In subsequent decades, there have been four predominant land-uses in the region, and we sampled soil macroinvertebrates from three replicate sites of cultivated. fields, grass-dominated fields, loblolly pine stands, and remnant hardwood stands for a period of 2 years, with the objective of examining soil invertebrate community composition in relation to these long-term land-uses. At each site we dug three or four soil pits that were 30 x 30 cm to a depth, of 15 cm, and sorted the soil volume by hand for a time not more than 1 person h, collecting all invertebrates similar to 5 mm in length or larger. We recorded abundance data for all invertebrate taxa collected, and we calculated community indices including diversity, evenness, rank abundance and percent similarity in order to, identify patterns of community assemblage within each land-use type. Results suggest that soils in hardwbod stands support the most taxonomically diverse macro invertebrate communities followed by pine stands, pastures, and cultivated fields in order of decreasing diversity. For earthworms, Diplocardia spp. (North American megascolecids) were most abundant in the hardwood stands, but sometimes made up a substantial fraction of the community in other land-uses; whereas lumbricid earthworms (primarily introduced Apporectodea spp.) were most abundant in the cultivated and pasture soils, or showed no consistent habitat preference (native Bimastos spp.). Scarab beetles (larvae and adults) were common in all four systems, but reached the highest densities in cultivated and grass sites. Carabid beetle larvae were collected most often from cultivated soils. Several taxa were collected either exclusively or predominantly from forested sites, including diplopods, chilopods, gastropods, and several taxa of Diptera. These results indicate that longterm soil disturbance and the attendant differences in vegetation structure have profoundly influenced the community composition of invertebrates in Southern Piedmont soils, and that more intense disturbance results in a less diverse invertebrate community composed of a few; frequently non-native, disturbance-tolerant taxa. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Hofmockel, Michael/E-9093-2017 OI Hofmockel, Michael/0000-0001-9372-534X NR 20 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 42 SU 1 BP S150 EP S156 DI 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2006.06.001 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 122YP UT WOS:000243263800020 ER PT J AU Thompson, D Canada, A Bhatt, R Davis, J Plesko, L Baranowski, T Cullen, K Zakeri, I AF Thompson, Debbe Canada, Ashanti Bhatt, Riddhi Davis, Jennifer Plesko, Lisa Baranowski, Tom Cullen, Karen Zakeri, Issa TI eHealth recruitment challenges SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE obesity; adolescents; minority; computer; recruitment; eHealth ID TAILORED NUTRITION EDUCATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHURCHES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BLACK CHURCHES; PARTICIPATION BIAS; HEALTH; BODY; INTERVENTION; CHILDREN AB Little is known about effective eHealth recruitment methods. This paper presents recruitment challenges associated with enrolling African-American girls aged 8-10 years in an eHealth obesity prevention program, their effect on the recruitment plan, and potential implications for eHealth research. Although the initial recruitment strategy was literature-informed, it failed to enroll the desired number of girls within a reasonable time period. Therefore, the recruitment strategy was reformulated to incorporate principles of social marketing and traditional marketing techniques. The resulting plan included both targeted, highly specific strategies (e.g., selected churches), and more broad-based approaches (e.g., media exposure, mass mailings, radio advertisements). The revised plan enabled recruitment goals to be attained. Media appeared to be particularly effective at reaching the intended audience. Future research should identify the most effective recruitment strategies for reaching potential eHealth audiences. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Thompson, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX USA. EM dit@bcm.tmc.edu; acanada@bcm.tmc.edu; rbhatt@bcm.tmc.edu; jld@bcm.tmc.edu; plesko@psu.edu; tbaranow@bcm.tmc.edu; kcullen@bcm.tmc.edu; izakeri@bcm.tmc.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2006.08.004 PG 8 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 114VV UT WOS:000242694600013 PM 17950873 ER PT J AU Jones, G Jones, D Teal, P Sapa, A Wozniak, M AF Jones, Grace Jones, Davy Teal, Peter Sapa, Agnes Wozniak, Mietek TI The retinoid-X receptor ortholog, ultraspiracle, binds with nanomolar affinity to an endogenous morphogenetic ligand SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ultraspiracle; RXR; methyl farnesoate; juvenile hormone ID JUVENILE-HORMONE-III; ALLATA IN-VITRO; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; METHYL FARNESOATE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HETERODIMERIC COMPLEX; ECDYSONE RECEPTOR; MANDIBULAR ORGAN; ACID RECEPTOR AB The in vivo ligand-binding function and ligand-binding activity of the Drosophila melanogaster retinoid-X receptor (RXR) ortholog, ultraspiracle, toward natural farnesoid products of the ring gland were assessed. Using an equilibrium fluorescence-binding assay, farnesoid products in the juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis pathway, and their epoxy derivatives, were measured for their affinity constant for ultraspiracle (USP). Farnesol, farnesal, farnesoic acid and juvenile hormone III exhibited high nanomolar to low micromolar affinity, which in each case decreased upon addition of an epoxide across a double bond of the basic farnesyl structure. Similar analysis of the substitution on C1 of methyl ether, alcohol, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid showed that each conferred weaker affinity than that provided by the methyl ester. Attention was thus focused for a ring-gland farnesoid product that possesses the features of methyl ester and lack of an epoxide. A secreted product of the ring gland, methyl farnesoate, was identified possessing these features and exhibited an affinity for ultraspiracle (K-d = 40 nM) of similar strength to that of RXR for 9-cis retinoic acid. Mutational analysis of amino acid residues with side chains extending into the ligand-binding pocket cavity (and not interacting with secondary receptor structures or extending to the receptor surface to interact with coactivators, corepressors or receptor dimer partners) showed that the mutation C472A/H475L strongly reduced USP binding to this ring gland product and to JH III, with less effect on other ring-gland farnesoids and little effect on binding by (the unnatural to Drosophila) JH I. Along with the ecdysone receptor, USP is now the second arthropod nuclear hormone receptor for which a secreted product of an endocrine gland that binds the receptor with nanomolar affinity has been identified. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Wroclaw, Poland. RP Jones, G (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, 394 Morgan Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM gjones@uky.edu; djones@uky.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 075248] NR 60 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 273 IS 21 BP 4983 EP 4996 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05498.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 095YJ UT WOS:000241343900015 PM 17064257 ER PT J AU Webb, CA Fellers, JP AF Webb, Craig A. Fellers, John P. TI Cereal rust fungi genomics and the pursuit of virulence and avirulence factors SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE leaf rust; genomics; Puccinia; avirulence ID PLANT-DISEASE-RESISTANCE; WHEAT LEAF RUST; F-SP TRITICI; PATHOGEN CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; ENZYME-MEDIATED INTEGRATION; RICE BLAST RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; STEM RUST; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION AB Rust diseases cause significant reductions annually in yield of cereal crops worldwide. Traditional monoculture cropping systems apply significant selection pressure on the pathogen to cause rapid shifts in pathotypes. Plant breeders strive to stay ahead of the evolving pathogens by releasing new crop genotypes with new rust resistance genes or gene combinations. Owing to the limited number of known resistance genes and the lack of molecular understanding of the plant-pathogen interaction, rusts remain challenging organisms to study, both at organismal and molecular levels. This review discusses recent progress by a number of laboratories towards better understanding the molecular component of rust disease resistance. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fellers, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 4006 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jpf@pseru.ksu.edu NR 69 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 264 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/J.1574-6968.2006.00400.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 089ZG UT WOS:000240919800001 PM 17020542 ER PT J AU Morales, CA Gast, R Guard-Bouldin, J AF Morales, Cesar A. Gast, Richard Guard-Bouldin, Jean TI Linkage of avian and reproductive tract tropism with sequence divergence adjacent to the 5S ribosomal subunit rrfH of Salmonella enterica SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; serotype; microbiology; phylogenetics; comparative genomics; food safety ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE O-CHAIN; SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; SPACER REGION; RNA GENE; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; 16S-23S; PCR; INFECTIONS; DIFFERENTIATION AB The 183 bp between the end of the 23S rrlH rRNA gene and the start of the 5S rrfH rRNA gene (ISR-1) and the 197 bp between the end of the rrfH rRNA gene and the start of the transfer RNA aspU (ISR-2) of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Pullorum, Heidelberg, Gallinarum, Typhi and Choleraesuis were compared. ISR-1s of D1 serotypes (Pullorum, Gallinarum and Enteritidis), B serotypes (Typhimurium and Heidelberg) and the C2 serotype Newport and the enteric fever pathogens serotype A Paratyphi and serotype D1 Typhi formed three clades, respectively. ISR-2 further differentiated the avian-adapted serotype Gallinarum from avian-adapted Pullorum and Salmonella bongori from S. enterica. The results suggest that serotypes Heidelberg and Choleraesuis share some evolutionary trends with egg-contaminating serotypes. In addition, ISR-1 and ISR-2 sequences that confirm serotype appear to be linked to clinically relevant host associations of the Salmonellae. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Guard-Bouldin, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM jbouldin@seprl.usda.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 264 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00432.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 089ZG UT WOS:000240919800007 PM 17005008 ER PT J AU Marri, PR Bannantine, JP Golding, GB AF Marri, Pradeep Reddy Bannantine, John P. Golding, Geoffrey B. TI Comparative genomics of metabolic pathways in Mycobacterium species: gene duplication, gene decay and lateral gene transfer SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mycobacterium; comparative genomics; metabolic pathways; pathogenicity ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; SERINE/THREONINE PROTEIN-KINASE; PE-PGRS PROTEINS; IN-VIVO GROWTH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; BOVIS BCG; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; ISONIAZID RESISTANCE; NITRATE REDUCTASE AB The genus Mycobacterium comprises significant pathogenic species that infect both humans and animals. One species within this genus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the primary killer of humans resulting from bacterial infections. Five mycobacterial genomes belonging to four different species (M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis) have been sequenced to date and another 14 mycobacterial genomes are at various stages of completion. A comparative analysis of the gene products of key metabolic pathways revealed that the major differences among these species are in the gene products constituting the cell wall and the gene families encoding the acidic glycine-rich (PE/PPE/PGRS) proteins. Mycobacterium leprae has evolved by retaining a minimal gene set for most of the gene families, whereas M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis has acquired some of the virulence factors by lateral gene transfer. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Golding, GB (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM golding@mcmaster.ca OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 118 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 906 EP 925 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00041.x PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 096HH UT WOS:000241367700005 PM 17064286 ER PT J AU Woods, SW Ahl, R Sappington, J McCaughey, W AF Woods, Scott W. Ahl, Robert Sappington, Jason McCaughey, Ward TI Snow accumulation in thinned lodgepole pine stands, Montana, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest hydrology; snow accumulation; interception; thinning ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TIMBER HARVEST; CLEAR-CUT; FORESTS; INTERCEPTION; EVAPORATION; PREDICTION; STREAMFLOW; CREEK; COVER AB Alternative silvicultural treatments such as thinning can be used to restore forested watersheds and reduce wildfire hazards, but the hydrologic effects of these treatments are not well defined. We evaluated the effect of two shelterwood-with-reserve silvicultural prescriptions, one leaving residual trees evenly distributed (SE) and the second leaving residual trees in groups (SG), both with similar to 50% basal area removal, on snow accumulation in lodgepole pine stands at the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, west-central Montana. The snow water equivalent (SWE) close to the seasonal peak was measured at > 250 locations in the SE and SG treatments and a control in 2003, 2004 and 2005. Reduced interception in SE resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) 7.2 and 5.6 cm increases in SWE relative to the control in 2003 and 2004, respectively, and a 1.7 cm increase in 2005. Predictive models for the mean peak SWE in the control and the SE treatment were based on an inverse-exponential relationship between interception efficiency and mean storm intensity, and the average percent deviation for the two models was 9.4 and 7.6%, respectively. In the SG treatment, increased solar radiation and wind resulted in sublimation losses that offset gains due to reduced interception in the openings between groups. Consequently, SG always accumulated significantly less snow than SE (P < 0.0001), and the SG treatment and control means were not significantly different. Differences in snow accumulation between groups and openings and between the north and south sides of groups meant that the SWE in SG was up to three times more variable than in either SE or the control. The contrasting responses in the SE and SG treatments demonstrate that thinning can have substantially different effects on snow accumulation depending on the spatial arrangement of tree removal. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Woods, SW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM swoods@forestry.umt.edu NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 235 IS 1-3 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.013 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 105RS UT WOS:000242050600020 ER PT J AU Thies, WG Westlind, DJ AF Thies, Walter G. Westlind, Douglas J. TI Application of chloropicrin to Douglas-fir stumps to control laminated root rot does not affect infection or growth of regeneration 16 growing seasons after treatment SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE laminated root rot; disease control; fumigation; chloropicrin; impacts; epidemiology ID PHELLINUS-WEIRII INOCULUM; FUMIGANTS CHLOROPICRIN; WESTERN OREGON; REDUCTION; MORTALITY; PATHOGEN; STANDS; VORLEX AB Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. causes laminated root rot (LRR), a major disease affecting growth and survival of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir) and other commercially important conifer species throughout the Pacific Northwest. This disease is known to spread to a replacement stand by root contact between replacement trees and residual infected stumps and roots from the harvested stand. One strategy to manage LRR is to reduce the residual inoculum on a site through application of a fungicidal chemical to infested stumps. The first two studies in this series established that chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane), applied to infested stumps, largely eliminates P. weird from most of the belowground biomass and determined the effective dosage to apply. This third study approximated an operational application and based treatment success on reduction of LRR in the replacement stand. The study area was an 8-ha, 65-year-old naturally regenerated second-growth stand that was predominantly Douglas-fir. The stand was surveyed preharvest and postharvest (clearcut). Each P. weirii-infected entity (standing dead or down trees and stumps) was marked, and the location of its center was mapped. Circular plots (0.04 ha) were located so as to include concentrations of infested stumps. Plots were stratified based on their estimated biomass of inoculum into eight replicate blocks of four plots each. Three chloropicrin treatments and an untreated control were assigned randomly to four plots in each of the eight blocks: (a) 100% labeled dosage to all stumps, (b) 20% labeled dosage to all stumps, (c) 100% labeled dosage to only visibly P. weirii-infected (stump-top stain or advanced decay) stumps, and (d) control (nothing done to the stumps). Holes were drilled into stump tops, a dose of chloropicrin poured in, and the holes plugged. The labeled dosage was 3.3 ml of chloropicrin per kilogram of estimated stump and root biomass. Douglas-fir seedlings were planted in the winter following treatment application. When the stand was considered established, each plot was thinned to an inter-tree spacing of 2.4 m and the trees tagged. Diameter at breast height, total height, and mortality of trees were recorded every 2-5 years. A total of 1041 tagged trees were observed for 16 growing seasons following treatment. Application of chloropicrin to stumps in the harvested stand did not influence the rate of LRR-caused mortality or growth of Douglas-fir seedlings in the replacement stand. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Thies, WG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM wthies@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 235 IS 1-3 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.330 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 105RS UT WOS:000242050600021 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA Highley, TL Lindner, DL AF Clausen, Carol A. Highley, Terry L. Lindner, Daniel L. TI Early detection and progression of decay in L-joints and lap-joints in a moderate decay hazard zone SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROWN-ROT DECAY; WOOD DECAY AB Accelerated test methods are needed to evaluate the initiation and progression of decay in wood exposed aboveground. The relationship between test conditions and initiation of decay, however, is poorly understood. Southern pine and maple L-joints and lap-joints were exposed aboveground in a configuration that encouraged water entrapment at the Valley View Experimental test site near Madison, Wisconsin, (hazard zone 2, moderate decay hazard). Test units were evaluated over 120 weeks for visible signs of decay by the pick test, immunodiagnostics, and fungal isolation. Maple lap-joints began to show evidence of incipient decay after just 2 weeks. Ten out of 15 maple lap-joint specimens were positive for the immunodiagnostic wood decay test after 6 weeks. Seventeen out of 21 fungal isolates cultured between 12 weeks and 16 weeks were identified as Irpex lacteus, a common white-rot basidiomycete which was isolated from both pine and maple specimens. Maple lap-joints were the first specimens to show visible signs of decay (68 weeks), followed by maple L-joints, pine lap-joints, and pine L-joints. Moisture content of the joint area of shaded specimens was not directly related to rainfall and covering specimens inhibited wetting, thus the onset of decay was delayed. We concluded that under shaded conditions in a moderate decay hazard zone: 1) immunodiagnostic tests were a rapid indicator of incipient decay, 2) decay was detected in lap-joints earlier than L-joints, 3) decay was detected in maple specimens before pine specimens, 4) Irpex lacteus was the predominant basidiomycete cultured from test specimens, and 5) moisture accumulation in joints under shaded conditions was not related to measured rainfall. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Wood Consultant, Henderson, NV USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us; bhighley@earthlink.net; dlindner@wisc.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 11-12 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 121DH UT WOS:000243137800014 ER PT J AU Cai, ZY AF Cai, Zhiyong TI Selected properties of MDF and flakeboard overlaid with fiberglass mats SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD; HARDBOARD AB Nonwoven fiberglass face laminates have long been applied to consolidated wood-based composites to improve their performance and serviceability. In this study, fiberglass mats with 50 percent resin binder were applied as face laminates to unconsolidated wood fiber or flake mats, then hot-pressed to make overlaid medium density fiberboard and flakeboard. Fiberglass reinforcement improved mechanical, surface quality, and water-resistance properties. Such improvement could make fiberglass reinforcement during composite processing very attractive for enhancing the properties and durability of mat-formed engineered wood composites. This approach also might contribute to the future development of exterior wood composite products. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Cai, ZY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM zcai@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 11-12 BP 142 EP 146 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 121DH UT WOS:000243137800021 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Detling, JK Antolin, MF AF Derner, Justin D. Detling, James K. Antolin, Michael F. TI Are livestock weight gains affected by black-tailed prairie dogs? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION; SHORTGRASS; GRASSLAND; ECOSYSTEM; CATTLE; STORY AB There is little empirical data addressing the important and controversial question of how prairie dogs (Cynomys spp) affect livestock weight gains in western rangelands. This is particularly relevant in the short-grass steppe, where the area occupied by prairie dogs has increased substantially in recent years, exacerbating conflicts with livestock producers. In our 6-year study, livestock weight gains decreased linearly, but at a rate slower than the rate of colonization by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). This decrease in livestock gains resulted in lower estimated economic returns. For example, pastures with 20% of area occupied by prairie dogs reduced the estimated value of livestock weight gain by $14.95 per steer (from $273.18 to $258.23 per steer) and by $2.23 ha(-1) (from $40.81 to $38.58 ha(-1)). In pastures with 60% occupancy, reduced livestock weight gain lowered estimated value by $37.91 per steer and $5.58 ha(-1), or about 14%. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8404 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM justin.derner@ars.usda.gov RI Detling, James/I-1691-2013 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 4 IS 9 BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[459:ALWGAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 101RS UT WOS:000241758700017 ER PT J AU Gokce, AF Havey, MJ AF Gokce, Ali Fuat Havey, Michael J. TI Selection at the Ms locus in open pollinated onion (Allium cepa L.) populations possessing S-cytoplasm or mixtures of N- and S-cytoplasms SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa L.; Ms locus; S-cytoplasm; selection AB The bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) was historically seed propagated by open pollination (OP). Cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS) and protandry encourage outcrossing among individual onion plants. The most common source of CMS in onion is conditioned by the interaction of sterile (S) cytoplasm with a single nuclear male-fertility restoration (Ms) locus. We previously reported that the majority of OP onion populations possess normal (N) male-fertile cytoplasm and varying frequencies of the dominant Ms allele. It was unclear why N-cytoplasmic onion populations often possess relatively high frequencies of the Ms allele, which has no obvious function. We used computer simulations to estimate changes in allelic frequencies at Ms for onion populations possessing S-cytoplasm or a mixture of N- and S-cytoplasms, and to determine if frequencies of the Ms allele stay constant or change due to failure of male gamete production from male-sterile (S msms) plants. The models revealed selection against the recessive ms allele over generations in onion populations possessing S-cytoplasm and varying amounts of self pollination and inbreeding depression. These models were consistent with field and molecular analyses documenting that N- cytoplasm and the dominant Ms allele predominate in OP onion populations. C1 Uludag Univ, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gokce, AF (reprint author), Uludag Univ, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. EM gokce01@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1495 EP 1499 DI 10.1007/s10722-005-7469-6 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 111TB UT WOS:000242476500017 ER PT J AU Gu, YQ Salse, J Coleman-Derr, D Dupin, A Crossman, C Lazo, GR Huo, NX Belcram, H Ravel, C Charmet, G Charles, M Anderson, OD Chalhoub, B AF Gu, Yong Qiang Salse, Jerome Coleman-Derr, Devin Dupin, Adeline Crossman, Curt Lazo, Gerard R. Huo, Naxin Belcram, Harry Ravel, Catherine Charmet, Gilles Charles, Mathieu Anderson, Olin D. Chalhoub, Boulos TI Types and rates of sequence evolution at the high-molecular-weight glutenin locus in hexaploid wheat and its ancestral genomes SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-COPY DNA; ORTHOLOGOUS REGIONS; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; POLYPLOID WHEAT; A-GENOME; GENE; RETROTRANSPOSONS; TRITICUM; AEGILOPS; SIZE AB The Glu-1 locus, encoding the high-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits, controls bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and represents a recently evolved region unique to Triticeae genomes. To understand the molecular evolution of this locus region, three orthologous Glu-1 regions from the three subgenomes of a single hexaploid wheat species were sequenced, totaling 729 kb of sequence. Comparing each Glu-1 region with its corresponding homologous region from the D genome of diploid wheat, Aegilops tauschii, and the A and B genomes of tetraploid wheat, Tliticum turgidum, revealed that, in addition to the conservation of microsynteny in the genic regions, sequences in the intergenic regions, composed of blocks of nested retroelements, are also generally conserved, although a few nonshared retroelements that differentiate the homologous Glu-1 regions were detected in each pair of the A and D genomes. Analysis of the indel frequency and the rate of nucleotide substitution, which represent the most frequent types of sequence changes in the Glu-1 regions, demonstrated that the two A genomes are significantly more divergent than the two B genomes, further supporting the hypothesis that hexaploid wheat may have more than one tetraploid ancestor. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. INRA, URGV, Lab Genome Org, F-91057 Evry, France. INRA, UBP, UMR, ASP Ameliorat & Sante Plantes, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ygu@pw.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 53 TC 64 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 11 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1493 EP 1504 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.060756 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 112NH UT WOS:000242532600036 PM 17028342 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Nichols, KM DeKoning, JJ Morasch, MR Keadey, KA Rexroad, C Gahr, SA Danzmann, RG Drew, RE Thorgaard, GH AF Phillips, Ruth B. Nichols, Krista M. DeKoning, Jenefer J. Morasch, Matthew R. Keadey, Kimberly A. Rexroad, Caird, III Gahr, Scott A. Danzmann, Roy G. Drew, Robert E. Thorgaard, Gary H. TI Assignment of rainbow trout linkage groups to specific chromosomes SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SEX-CHROMOSOMES; BAC LIBRARY; MAP; GENOME; REGION; GENE; POLYMORPHISM AB The rainbow trout genetic linkage groups have been assigned to specific chromosomes in the OSU (2N = 60) strain using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with BAC probes containing genes mapped to each linkage group. There was a tough correlation between chromosome size and size of the genetic linkage map in centimorgans for the genetic maps based on recombination from the female parent. Chromosome size and structure have a major impact on the female:male recombination ratio, which is much higher (up to 10: 1 near the centromeres) on the larger metacentric chromosomes compared to smaller acrocentric chromosomes. Eight), percent of the BAC clones containing duplicate genes mapped to a single chromosomal location, suggesting that diploidization resulted in substantial divergence of intergenic regions. The BAC clones that hybridized to both duplicate loci were usually located in the distal portion of the chromosome. Duplicate genes were almost always found at a similar location on the chromosome arm of two different chromosome pairs, suggesting that most of the chromosome rearrangements following tetraploidization were centric fusions and did not involve homeologous chromosomes. The set of BACs compiled for this research will be especially useful in construction of genome maps and identification of QTL for important traits in other salmonid fishes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Coal & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM plillipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu NR 34 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 18 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1661 EP 1670 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.055269 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 112NH UT WOS:000242532600049 PM 16951085 ER PT J AU Pataki, DE Alig, RJ Fung, AS Golubiewski, NE Kennedy, CA McPherson, EG Nowak, DJ Pouyat, RV Lankao, PR AF Pataki, D. E. Alig, R. J. Fung, A. S. Golubiewski, N. E. Kennedy, C. A. McPherson, E. G. Nowak, D. J. Pouyat, R. V. Lankao, P. Romero TI Urban ecosystems and the North American carbon cycle SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CO2 emissions; global carbon cycle; urban ecology ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; CO2 EMISSIONS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; CANADIAN CITIES; AREA CHANGES; SHADE TREES; HEAT-ISLAND; LONG-TERM; HONG-KONG AB Approximately 75-80% of the population of North America currently lives in urban areas as defined by national census bureaus, and urbanization is continuing to increase. Future trajectories of fossil fuel emissions are associated with a high degree of uncertainty; however, if the activities of urban residents and the rate of urban land conversion can be captured in urban systems models, plausible emissions scenarios from major cities may be generated. Integrated land use and transportation models that simulate energy use and traffic-related emissions are already in place in many North American cities. To these can be added a growing dataset of carbon gains and losses in vegetation and soils following urbanization, and a number of methods of validating urban carbon balance modeling, including top down atmospheric monitoring and urban 'metabolic' studies of whole ecosystem mass and energy flow. Here, we review the state of our understanding of urban areas as whole ecosystems with regard to carbon balance, including both drivers of fossil fuel emissions and carbon cycling in urban plants and soils. Interdisciplinary, whole-ecosystem studies of the socioeconomic and biophysical factors that influence urban carbon cycles in a range of cities may greatly contribute to improving scenarios of future carbon balance at both continental and global scales. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. New Zealand Ctr Ecol Econ, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn,Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. SUNY Syracuse, ESF, USDA, US Forest Serv,NW Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Baltimore Ecosyst Studies, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. UAM Xochimilco, Depto Polit & Cultura, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. RP Pataki, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM dpataki@uci.edu RI Pataki, Diane/F-9732-2011; Liu, Jianguo/G-5211-2015 OI Liu, Jianguo/0000-0001-6344-0087 NR 91 TC 136 Z9 166 U1 8 U2 157 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2092 EP 2102 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01242.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 094MB UT WOS:000241242400007 ER PT J AU Edme, SJ Glynn, NG Comstock, JC AF Edme, S. J. Glynn, N. G. Comstock, J. C. TI Genetic segregation of microsatellite markers in Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE autoploidy; alloploidy; hom(e)ologous; microsatellite; pseudo-testcross; Saccharum; segregation distortion ID LINKAGE MAP; SUGARCANE SACCHARUM; ORGANIZATION; CHROMOSOMES; SOFTWARE; CROSSES; HYBRID; PLANTS; AFLP; RAPD AB Genetic mapping techniques can be used to study the interaction between two different genomes after hybridization. This study investigated a Saccharum officinarum (Green German or GG, 2n approximate to 11x approximate to 110) x S. spontaneum (IND 81-146 or IND, 2n approximate to 7x approximate to 56) interspecific cross. Segregation of 193 microsatellite (SSR) loci was evaluated in the F-1 progeny of 169 full-sibs of the cross. Following the two-way pseudotestcross strategy and 'cross pollination' population type, linkage groups (LG) and phases were established for each parent map, using the criteria of LOD score >= 3.0 and a maximum recombination frequency of 0.35. Of the 193 markers analyzed, 61 were IND-specific, 106 were GG-specific, and 26 were heterozygous in both parents. About 78% of the markers segregated in a Mendelian fashion and 22% were distorted (as evaluated by x(2)-tests, P <= 0.01). The GG map included 91 marker loci arranged into 25 LG covering 1180 cM of the officinarum genome. The IND map consisted of 46 marker loci assembled into 10 LG, which spanned 614cM of the spontaneum genome. A specific chromosome associated with segregation distortion was detected in the female (GG) genome only, probably as a result of double reduction. The segregation patterns of the marker loci indicated a centromere-driven distortion process with the shared allelic markers (as putative centromeres) regulating the placement and association of markers with opposite phase (coupling vs repulsion) and dosage on either side. Although incomplete, the framework maps were informative with respect to segregation distortion, chromosome fusion, rearrangements, and translocations, observed in both parental genomes as a result of their merger. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Edme, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM sedme@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD NOV PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800888 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 101PB UT WOS:000241751600008 PM 16912699 ER PT J AU Shi, JC Jiang, LM Zhang, LX Chen, KS Wigneron, JP Chanzy, A Jackson, TJ AF Shi, Jiancheng Jiang, Lingmei Zhang, Lixin Chen, K. S. Wigneron, Jean-Pierre Chanzy, Andre Jackson, Thomas J. TI Physically based estimation of bare-surface soil moisture with the passive radiometers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE inversion technique; passive microwave; roughness; soil moisture ID MICROWAVE EMISSION; RETRIEVAL; ROUGHNESS; FREQUENCY; ALGORITHM; FIELD; MODEL; GHZ AB A physically based bare-surface soil moisture inversion technique for application with passive microwave satellite measurements, including the Advanced Microwave-Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System, Special Sensor Microwave/Imager, Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer, and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager, was developed in this paper. The inversion technique is based on the concept of a simple parameterized surface emission model, the Q(p) model, which was developed using advanced integral equation model simulations of microwave emission. Through evaluation of the relationship between roughness parameters Q(p) at different polarizations, it was found that they could be described by a linear function. Using this relationship and the surface enrissivities measured from two polarizations, the effect of the surface roughness is cancelled out. In other words, this approach consisted in adding different weights on the v and h polarization measurements so as to minimize the surface roughness effects. This method leads to a dual-polarization inversion technique for the estimation of the surface dielectric properties directly from the emissivity measurements. For validation, we compared the soil moisture estimates, derived from ground radiometer measurements at C- to Ka-band obtained from the Institute National de Recherches Agronorniques' field experimental data in 1993 and the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center's field experimental data at C- and X-band obtained in 1979-1982, with the field in situ soil moisture measurements. The accuracies [root-mean-square error (rmse)] are higher than 4% for the available experimental data at the incidence angles of 50 degrees and 60 degrees. The newly developed inversion technique should be very useful in monitoring global soil moisture properties using the currently available satellite instruments that commonly have incidence angles between 50 degrees and 55 degrees. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Geopg Informat Syst, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Ecol Fonct & Phys Environm, EPHYSE, INRA, F-33883 Bordeaux, France. INRA, F-84000 Avignon, France. USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shi, JC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. EM shi@icess.ucsb.edu OI wigneron, jean-pierre/0000-0001-5345-3618 NR 20 TC 54 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3145 EP 3153 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.876706 PN 1 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 104CK UT WOS:000241933400014 ER PT J AU Aynalem, HM Righetti, TL Reed, BM AF Aynalem, Hailu M. Righetti, Timothy L. Reed, Barbara M. TI Non-destructive evaluation of in vitro-stored plants: A comparison of visual and image analysis SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE cold storage; germplasm storage; image analysis; micropropagation; pear ID MACHINE VISION; COMPUTER VISION; COLD-STORAGE; GERMPLASM; GROWTH; STRAWBERRIES; INVITRO; SYSTEMS; APPLES AB In vitro plants in slow-growth storage require routine evaluation for assessment of viability and need for repropagation. Determination of plantlet health by visual assessment is subjective and varies by genus due to variations in growth pattern and plant structure. Developing a standardized plant evaluation system would improve the efficiency of in vitro storage. This study was initiated to develop digital image analysis techniques for plantlets during slow-growth cold storage and to compare that system with visual examinations. Pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars were chosen for this initial trial because they have an open structure and clear internode position for image composition. Pear shoots stored at 4 degrees C in tissue culture bags were evaluated monthly by standard visual examination and by digital image analysis. Digital images were evaluated for red, green, blue, modified normalized differences of vegetation index (MNDVI), green/red ratio (G/R), intensity, hue, and saturation at the first two nodes of each plantlet. At 6 mo., the visual ratings had declined steadily for P. communis 'Luscious' and 'Bartlett-Swiss', while 'Belle Lucrative' and 'Louise Bonne de Jersey' ratings did not show significant declines until 9 mo. Correlations between visual ratings and G/R and MNDVI values were significant (r(2) >= 0.5) for all cultivars. Regression analysis indicated that the MNDVI and G/R ratios changed significantly over the 15-mo. rating period for most cultivars. Intensity, hue and saturation values were not consistently significant and did not correlate with visual ratings. These results will assist in the development of digital imaging as an alternative technique for evaluation of stored in vitro plantlets. C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Aynalem, HM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1079/IVP2006816 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 157LT UT WOS:000245721900016 ER PT J AU Holt, GA Blodgett, TL Nakayama, FS AF Holt, G. A. Blodgett, T. L. Nakayama, F. S. TI Physical and combustion characteristics of pellet fuel from cotton gin by-products produced by select processing treatments SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE pellet fuel; cotton waste; gin trash; by-products; value-added processing; pellet stove ID RESIDUES; PLANT AB Agricultural plant wastes when properly processed into useful commodities can become an economic asset. It has been estimated that over 2.04 million Mg of cotton by-products are generated each year in the United States. On average, disposal of these by-products costs the cotton gin approximately $1.65 (U.S.) per Mg. One means of changing a financial liability into a potential revenue generator is to process the by-products into renewable, compact pellet-type fuel that can be used at the site or transported to the consumer. Furnace and water heaters that can burn pelletized plant materials have become popular and their safety, low pollution, and reasonable operational costs have been demonstrated. Also, the drastic increases in the price of liquified fuel and its uncertain supply place a premium for finding and using alternate, low-cost, cellulose-based fuels. The objectives of our study were to fabricate pellet fuel from cotton gin by-products using select processing techniques, determine its physical properties, and measure the emissions when fired in a commercial pellet stove used for residential heating. By-products from two cotton gins were collected and processed into fuel pellets. A total of seven different pellet fuels were evaluated, six from cotton gin by-products and one from wood. The treatments resulted from using different material streams from the ginning process as well as varying quantities of starch and/or crude cottonseed oil during the fuel pellet manufacturing process. The fuel pellet density from the various treatments ranged from 488 to 678 kg/m(3). The various treatments were burned in a conventional pellet stove (four replications) and the gaseous and particulate emissions measured. The average calorific value of the pellets ranged from 17.9 to 20.9 MJ/kg (HHV). The ash content for the various treatments ranged from a low of 4.88% to a high of 9.75%. The sodium content indicated concentration ranges from 91 to 282 ppm depending on the treatment. The emissions from the cotton gin by-product pellets were higher than for a premium grade wood pellet. The emissions measured during testing were CO, NO, NO(2), SO(2), and particulates. The pellet stove was setup following the manufacturer's recommendation to burn wood pellets, but was not adjusted for the cotton gin fuel pellets. By utilizing various additives and processing techniques, cotton gin by-products could be used to manufacture a pellet fuel that has commercial potential. However, work remains to minimize the ash content and determine the optimal settings for maximizing combustion. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Alcoa, Rockdale, TX 76567 USA. ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, USWCL, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Holt, GA (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, USDA, CPPRU Rt 3 Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM gholt@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.005 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 122RT UT WOS:000243245000003 ER PT J AU Jordan, MJ Martinez, RM Goodner, KL Baldwin, EA Sotomayor, JA AF Jordan, M. J. Martinez, R. M. Goodner, K. L. Baldwin, E. A. Sotomayor, J. A. TI Seasonal variation of Thymus hyemalis Lange and Spanish Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils composition SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associaton-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE Thymus hyemalis; Thymus vulgaris; thyme; essential oil; phenological stages ID SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN AB Thymus hyemalis L. and Spanish Thymus vulgaris L. shrubs are characterized by a large chemical intraspecific variability among the plants. This fact makes it difficult to detect real changes occurring in their essential oil composition during the vegetative cycle. Based on this, the clones of T hyemalis and Spanish T vulgaris were used in this present work to monitor seasonal variations in the composition of the essential oil. Shrubs were harvested at five different phenological stages during the vegetative cycle. The volatile profile of the essential oil samples was determined by capillary GC/MS analyses. This technique identified 99 and 98 components in T hyemalis and T vulgaris essential oils, respectively. For the Spanish T vulgaris essential oil, the major components quantified were 1,8-cineole, followed by terpenyl acetate, borneol, linalool, beta-pinene, alpha-terpineol, and camphor. With respect to the concentrations of some of the most abundant components, the mid-vegetative stage seems to be the most appropriate harvesting time for this species. Cineol, borneol, monoterpenic hydrocarbons, and camphor exhibited their maximum relative concentrations at this phenological stage. In contrast, terpenyl acetate, alpha-terpineol, and linalool, probably components that are associated with the fresh aroma in the oil, were mostly concentrated from full bloom to advanced fruit formation. Correlations were detected among the concentrations of the most abundant components in this essential oil. Thus, terpenyl acetate and cineol concentrations varied during the entire vegetative cycle. The same behaviour was observed between sabinene and linalool. For the T hyemalis, the thymol, which defines the chemical type and the essential oil quality, and its precursors gamma-terpinene and p-cymene, showed synchronized patterns of variation during the entire vegetative cycle. In this way, the maximum relative concentration of gamma-terpinene, a precursor of p-cymene, was achieved at the full bloom (FB) phenological stage that coincided with the minimum concentration detected for p-cymene, a precursor of thymol. However, the maximum relative concentration of thymol was detected at full bloom/at the beginning of fruit maturation (FB-FR). From these observations, we can conclude that between FB and FB-FR stages could be the period beyond which the sequence gamma-terpinene --> p-cymene --> thymol begins. On the other hand, the essential oil exhibited the highest amount in alcohols, ketones, and esters at the vegetative stage. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Recursos Nat & Desarrollo Rural, IMIDA, La Alberca Murcia 30150, Spain. USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Jordan, MJ (reprint author), Dept Recursos Nat & Desarrollo Rural, IMIDA, C Mayor S-N, La Alberca Murcia 30150, Spain. EM mariaj.jordan@carm.es NR 23 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.011 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 122RT UT WOS:000243245000009 ER PT J AU Goodner, KL Mahattanatawee, K Plotto, A Sotomayor, JA Jordan, MJ AF Goodner, K. L. Mahattanatawee, K. Plotto, A. Sotomayor, J. A. Jordan, M. J. TI Aromatic profiles of Thymus hyemalis and Spanish T-vulgaris essential oils by GC-MS/GC-O SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associaton-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE Thymus hyemalis; Thymus vulgaris; thyme; phenological stages; olfactometry AB Thymus hyemalis L. and Spanish T vulgaris subsp. vulgaris shrubs are characterized by a great chemical intraspecific variability among plants. This fact makes it difficult to detect real changes occurring in their essential oil composition during the vegetative cycle. Because of this, clones of T hyemalis and T vulgaris were used to monitor seasonal variations in their aromatic composition of the essential oil. Shrubs were harvested at five different phenological stages during the plant vegetative cycle. Capillary GC/MS with olfactometry analysis was used to determine the volatile profile of the essential oil samples. GC-olfactometry analysis was conducted on each phenological stage for T hyemalis and T vulgaris. A total of 96 (T hyemalis) and 52 (T vulgaris) aromas were detected with the 27 (T. hyemalis) and 26 (T. vulgaris) most important reported here. The compounds with the most aroma impact for T. hyemalis were linalool, borneol, thymol, and beta-damascenone. The compounds with the most aroma impact for T vulgaris were eucalyptol, borneol, terpinyl acetate, and beta-damascenone. beta-ionone, myrtenol, and beta-damascenone are reported for the first time. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Dept Recursos Nat & Desarrollo Rural, IMIDA, La Alberca Murcia 30150, Spain. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM goodner@citrus.usda.ogv NR 17 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 264 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.006 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 122RT UT WOS:000243245000010 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Salywon, AM Tomasi, PM Dahlquist, GH Isbell, TA AF Dierig, D. A. Salywon, A. M. Tomasi, P. M. Dahlquist, G. H. Isbell, T. A. TI Variation of seed oil composition in parent and S-1 generations of Lesquerella fendleri (Brassicaceae) SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associaton-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE genetic variability; hydroxy fatty acids; lesquerolic acid; seed oil composition ID OLEATE 12-HYDROXYLASE; FATTY-ACIDS; GERMPLASM; DESATURASE; ESTOLIDES; CASTOR AB The seed oil of Lesquerella fendleri is valued for its use in industrial products including lubricants, methyl esters for diesel fuel additives, greases, drying agents, plastics, nylon-11, surfactants and protective coatings. The predominate fatty acids in the seed oil of all Lesquerella species are hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) and the HFA found in L. fendleri, the species being developed as a new crop for the southwestern U.S., is lesquerolic acid. The amount of variability for this and other fatty acids in its seed oil profile was considered somewhat narrow, limiting the potential progress in breeding for oil quality traits. A half seed method (HSM) of fatty acid analysis adapted for this small-seeded species, where the mean seed weight is 0.006 g, when compared to a bulk seed method (BSM) shows that much diversity actually exists. This variability was masked because the BSM is an average value of up to 50 seeds for each analysis compared to a half of a seed that results from a single pollination event. One thousand HSM seeds from an improved breeding population, WCL-LO3 were analyzed and the same breeding population analyzed by the BSM. A population of 32 unimproved accessions was also included for comparison because it represents the most diverse germplasm available for L. fendleri, originating from several geographical locations. Greater variability was detected with the HSM, especially for lesquerolic acid. Plants with lesquerolic acid values up to 74% and as low as 36% were found by the HSM, compared to an average of 55% by the BSM. These are the highest values reported for lesquerolic acid in this species. Lower values for two acids causing high oxidative instability of the oil, linoleic and linolenic were also detected. Plants with high and low lesquerolic acid values were then selected and S-1 populations produced. The means from these 'high' and 'low' selected progeny populations were not the same as the respective mean parental values. The variability in these progeny was similar to the range and mean observed in the original population. This is likely due to at least a couple of genes segregating for this trait, requiring further generations for improvement and to determine the genetic inheritance of fatty acid. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, US Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), ARS, US Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM ddierig@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.009 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 122RT UT WOS:000243245000012 ER PT J AU Erhan, SZ Sharma, BK Perez, JM AF Erhan, Sevim Z. Sharma, Brajendra K. Perez, Joseph M. TI Oxidation and low temperature stability of vegetable oil-based lubricants SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associaton-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE vegetable oils; oxidative stability; low temperature stability; bio-based lubricants; pressurized differential scanning calorimetry; rotary bomb oxidation test ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; SOYBEAN OIL AB Vegetable oils are promising candidates as base fluid for eco-friendly lubricants because of their excellent lubricity, biodegradability, viscosity-temperature characteristics and low volatility. Their use, however, is restricted due to low thermo-oxidative stability and poor cold flow behavior. This paper presents a systematic approach to improve the oxidation behavior and low temperature fluidity of vegetable oil derivatives. Among the various possible avenues available, the combination of chemical additives, diluent (polyalphaolefin), and high-oleic vegetable oils offer the best option for achieving the ultimate goal. Vegetable oil-based lubricants formulated using the above approach exhibit superior oxidative stability, and improved low temperature properties such as pour points compared to commercially available industrial oils such as bio-based hydraulic fluids. The above vegetable oil-based formulations compare at par with petroleum-based lubricants for use in high-temperature applications and often outperform the competition in some of its properties. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 21 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.008 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 122RT UT WOS:000243245000014 ER PT J AU Gesch, R Forcella, F Olness, A Archer, D Hebard, A AF Gesch, Russ Forcella, Frank Olness, Alan Archer, Dave Hebard, Andrew TI Agricultural management of cuphea and potential for commercial production in the Northern Corn Belt SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associaton-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE cuphea; new crop; medium chain fatty acid; crop production ID SOWING DATE; FATTY-ACIDS; SEED YIELD; OIL; VISCOSISSIMA; GROWTH; CROP AB Cuphea is a new oilseed crop that has undergone agricultural domestication for approximately the past 20 years. Its seed is rich in small- and medium-chain fatty acids, which are highly valued for manufacturing soaps, detergents, personal care products, and industrial lubricants. Since 1999, we have focused on developing an agricultural management strategy for cuphea production utilizing conventional technologies to minimize the need for specialized equipment. The semi-domesticated genotype, PSR23, developed through the interspecific hybridization of Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. (native to the US) with C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton (native to Mexico) performs well in temperate, short growing-season climates. PSR23 is an annual plant with a relatively shallow root system, a high water requirement for growth, and prefers mild temperatures for growth and development. Using best management practices we have developed, seed yields in excess of 1000 kg ha(-1) have been achieved in research trials. The summer of 2004 marked the first year for an experimental commercialization of cuphea. Technology Crops International, in cooperation with the USDA Agricultural Research Service, contracted six farmers within a 32 km radius of Morris, Minnesota (45.35 degrees N, 95.53 degrees W) to produce from 2 to 4 ha each of cuphea for a total of 18.6 ha. Some of the crop (about 2.6 ha) was lost to severe weather and herbicide drift from nearby crops, but the harvestable plantings produced seed yields ranging from approximately 78-744 kg ha(-1) at 12% moisture. Valuable knowledge was learned through this experience that might not have been gained by plot-scale experiments alone. For instance, post-harvest management of seed on a large-scale (e.g., drying, cleaning, and storing) was problematic, indicating a further need for research and development in this area. Overall, the 2004 commercialization project made considerable progress in advancing cuphea towards large-scale production. This paper reviews some of our research results regarding best agronomic practices for cuphea production and reports on results obtained from the 2004 commercialization project. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Technol Crops Int, Winston Salem, NC 27116 USA. RP Gesch, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM gesch@morris.ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.007 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 122RT UT WOS:000243245000015 ER PT J AU McMahan, CM Cornish, K Coffelt, TA Nakayama, FS McCoy, RG Brichta, JL Ray, DT AF McMahan, C. M. Cornish, K. Coffelt, T. A. Nakayama, F. S. McCoy, R. G., III Brichta, J. L. Ray, D. T. TI Post-harvest storage effects on guayule latex quality from agronomic trials SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associaton-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE Parthenium argentatum; guayule; latex; shrub storage; molecular weight ID NATURAL-RUBBER LATEX AB Current guayule commercialization efforts are based upon the production of hypoallergenic latex. The objective of this study was to determine how latex yield and quality are affected by post-harvest plant storage in order to provide flexibility in the harvesting, chipping, and processing steps for guayule latex. The experiments were conducted on two lines (11591 and AZ-2) at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center, from March 200 1, through December 2004. Weight-average molecular weight of guayule latex increased as the plants aged from 1.7 to 2.7 years. Guayule latex quality was affected by shrub storage conditions, and addition of moisture extended the storage time for guayule shrub without negatively impacting molecular weight for both varieties. However, under extreme conditions, for example, high temperatures and extended dry storage times, polymer molecular weight reduction of up to 30% occurred. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McMahan, CM (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmcmahan@pw.usda.gov RI McMahan, Colleen/B-2205-2009; Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.002 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 122RT UT WOS:000243245000018 ER PT J AU Motiwala, AS Janagama, HK Paustian, ML Zhu, XC Bannantine, JP Kapur, V Sreevatsan, S AF Motiwala, Alifiya S. Janagama, Harish K. Paustian, Michael L. Zhu, Xiaochun Bannantine, John P. Kapur, Vivek Sreevatsan, Srinand TI Comparative transcriptional analysis of human macrophages exposed to animal and human isolates of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with diverse genotypes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CROHNS-DISEASE PATIENTS; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATIONS; MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; JOHNES-DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease in animals and has been hypothesized to be associated with Crohn's disease in humans. Recently, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from Crohn's disease patients were shown to have limited diversity, implying the existence of human disease-associated genotypes and strain sharing with animals (A. H. Ghadiali et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:5345-5348, 2004). To explore whether these genotypic differences or similarities among human and animal isolates translated to functionally significant attributes such as variance in host preference and/or difference in magnitude of infections, we performed a global scale analysis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates that were representative of different genotypes and host species using DNA microarrays. Genome-wide characterization of the transcriptional changes was carried out using a human monocytic cell line (THP-1 cells) in response to different genotypes of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from various hosts. We identified several differentially expressed genes during early intracellular infection, including those involved in common canonical pathways such as NF-kappa B, interleukin-6 (IL-6), mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling, as well as genes involved in T helper type 1 (Th1) responses (such as CCL5 ligand) and those that encode several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine receptors. The cattle and human isolates of M. avium subsp.paratuberculosis, regardless of their short sequence repeat (SSR) genotype, induced similar global gene expression patterns in THP-1 cells. They differentially regulated genes necessary for cell survival without causing major alterations in proinflammatory genes. In contrast, the sheep isolates representing diverse SSR genotypes closely resembled the global gene expression pattern of an M. avium subsp. avium isolate, and they significantly up-regulated proinflammatory genes related to IL-6, T-cell receptor, B-cell receptor, and death receptor signaling within THP-1 cells. Additionally, we demonstrated consistency among infecting genotypes of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from diverse hosts [cattle (n = 2), human (n = 3), sheep (n = 2), and bison (n = 1)] in quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of seven differentially expressed genes. While the levels of expression induced by the bison isolate were different compared with cattle or human isolates, they followed the common anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic trend. Our data suggest that the macrophage responses to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from cattle and human sources, regardless of genotype, follow a common theme of anti-inflammatory responses, an attribute likely associated with successful infection and persistence. However, these expression patterns differ significantly from those in THP-1 cells infected with sheep isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or the M. avium subsp. avium isolate. These data provide a transcriptional basis for a variety of pathophysiological changes observed during early stages of infection by different strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a first step in understanding trait-allele association in this economically important disease. C1 Univ Minnesota, Vet Populat Med Dept, Andrew Boss Lab Meat Hyg 136G, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Genom, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Ruy V Lourenco Ctr Study Emerging & Reemerging Pa, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Sreevatsan, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Vet Populat Med Dept, Andrew Boss Lab Meat Hyg 136G, 1354 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sreev001@umn.edu RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 NR 60 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 BP 6046 EP 6056 DI 10.1128/IAI.00326-06 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099NA UT WOS:000241600500003 PM 17057086 ER PT J AU DeForest, JL Noormets, A McNulty, SG Sun, G Tenney, G Chen, JQ AF DeForest, Jared L. Noormets, Asko McNulty, Steve G. Sun, Ge Tenney, Gwen Chen, Jiquan TI Phenophases alter the soil respiration-temperature relationship in an oak-dominated forest SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE oak openings; oak phenology; soil respiration; soil temperature; temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; HARDWOOD FORESTS; ROOT RESPIRATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; MIXED-CONIFER; CO2 EMISSIONS; PATCH TYPES; CARBON; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB Soil respiration (SR) represents a major component of forest ecosystem respiration and is influenced seasonally by environmental factors such as temperature, soil moisture, root respiration, and litter fall. Changes in these environmental factors correspond with shifts in plant phenology. In this study, we examined the relationship between canopy phenophases (pre-growth, growth, pre-dormancy, and dormancy) and SR sensitivity to changes in soil temperature (T(S)). SR was measured 53 times over 550 days within an oak forest in northwest Ohio, USA. Annual estimates of SR were calculated with a Q(10) model based on T(S) on a phenological (PT), or annual timescale (AT), or T(S) and soil volumetric water content (VWC) on a phenological (PTM) or annual (ATM) timescale. We found significant (p < 0.01) difference in apparent Q(10) from year 2004 (1.23) and year 2005 (2.76) during the growth phenophase. Accounting for moisture-sensitivity increased model performance compared to temperature-only models: the error was -17% for the ATM model and -6% for the PTM model. The annual models consistently underestimated SR in summer and overestimated it in winter. These biases were reduced by delineating SR by tree phenophases and accounting for variation in soil moisture. Even though the bias of annual models in winter SR was small in absolute scale, the relative error was about 91%, and may thus have significant implications for regional and continental C balance estimates. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP DeForest, JL (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Mail Stop 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Jared.DeForest@utoledo.edu RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; DeForest, Jared/E-5777-2011 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; NR 39 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00484-006-0046-7 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 101OK UT WOS:000241749900005 PM 16874506 ER PT J AU Jang, Y Kim, OY Lee, JH Koh, SJ Chae, JS Kim, JY Park, S Cho, H Lee, JE Ordovas, JM AF Jang, Y. Kim, O. Y. Lee, J. H. Koh, S. J. Chae, J. S. Kim, J. Y. Park, S. Cho, H. Lee, J. E. Ordovas, J. M. TI Genetic variation at the perilipin locus is associated with changes in serum free fatty acids and abdominal fat following mild weight loss SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE PLIN variant; weight loss; free fatty acid; visceral fat and oxidative stress ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; A-MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OBESITY RISK; STORAGE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TRANSLOCATION; POPULATION AB Objective: Perilipin (PLIN) is a class of protein-coating lipid droplets in adipocytes. We aimed to examine the association between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at PLIN locus with circulating free fatty acid (FFA) and abdominal fat distribution in response to weight loss. Methods: Non-diabetic/overweight-obese Koreans (n=177) participated in a 12-week calorie restriction (-300kcal/day) program. Seven SNPs (6209T > C, 10076C > G, 10171A > T, 11482G > A, 13042A > G, 13048C > T and 14995A > T), abdominal fat areas (visceral/subcutaneous fat areas at 1st lumbar and 4th lumbar levels), serum lipids, glucose, insulin, FFA, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha)) were examined. Results: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms 10076C > G/10171A > T showed the strongest positive linkage disequilibrium (LD) (D'=0.923, R-2=0.839, P < 0.001) and SNPs11482G > A/14995A > T showed moderate positive LD (D'=0.824, R-2=0.578, P < 0.001). Calorie restriction induced 4.6% weight loss with significant abdominal fat reduction. In response to weight loss, subjects with nCA/nCA haplotypes at SNPs 10076C > G/10171A > T showed greater reduction in FFA levels than those with CA/CA haplotype (CA/CA: C/C at SNP 10076 and A/A at SNP 10171, nCA: non-CA haplotype carrier). On the other hand, subjects with nGA/nGA haplotype at SNPs 11482G > A/14995A > T had increased FFA levels with a rapid loss in abdominal fat, whereas GA/GA haplotype carriers had reduction in FFA levels. These results still remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. Prostaglandin F-2 alpha and oxidized LDL were also more reduced in GA/GA haplotype carriers than in nGA haplotype carriers. This effect remained significant after adjusting for baseline level, age, gender and BMI. Paradoxically, nGA haplotype carriers had increased levels of urinary PGF(2 alpha) after weight reduction. Conclusion: Fasting plasma FFA changes following a modest weight loss in overweight-obese subjects are influenced by the genetic variability at the PLIN locus. Furthermore, circulating FFA changes rather than body fat itself may determine changes in lipid peroxides such as urinary PGF(2 alpha) and oxidized LDL. C1 Yonsei Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Med Inst, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Div Cardiol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Brain Korea Projects Med Sci 21, Seoul 120749, South Korea. DNA Link Ltd, Seoul, South Korea. Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA, JM,Nutr & Genomics Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 21 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1601 EP 1608 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803312 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 101HO UT WOS:000241732100003 PM 16585946 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC AF Vaughn, Kevin C. TI Conversion of the searching hyphae of dodder into xylic and phloic hyphae: A cytochemical and immunocytochemical investigation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dodder; parasitic plants; wall composition; xylic and phloic hyphae ID CUSCUTA-REFLEXA; CELLS; HOST; ATTACHMENT; INDUCTION AB Dodders are obligate parasites, requiring both water and carbohydrate to be supplied by the host plant. To achieve the successful flow of both carbohydrate and water, the searching hyphae of the dodder must penetrate the host and transform into xylic or phloic hyphae, depending on the cell type that the hyphae encounter. The phloic hyphae develop a massive handlike appendage that surrounds the host phloem, whereas the xylic hyphae are directly connected to the host. In this study, changes in wall composition and structure are monitored via structural, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical techniques that allow one to discriminate changes in the hyphae as they make the transition into functional xylem and phloem. Although the terminal structure of the phloic hyphae has been termed a transfer cell, it bears little resemblance to those cell types; few if any wall ingrowths are noted. Rather, an extensive array of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is aligned at right angles and adjacent to the host phloem cells; the wall of the phloic hyphae becomes reduced in cellulose and xyloglucans and enriched in pectins. This loosening of its own wall (by loss of cellulose-xyloglucan and increased pectin) and the presence of abundant smooth ER facilitates the transfer of saccharides apoplastically into the parasite. In contrast to the phloic hyphae, xylic hyphae achieve a direct connection between the host and parasite, so that a flow of water is maintained between the host and the parasite. Xylic hyphae do not form secondary walls as do normal xylem elements. Rather, areas of the xylic hyphae have areas where the secondary wall is produced evenly along their length as well as in less regular true tracheid-type secondary walls. Similarly, the xylans that are characteristic of secondary walls are found both in the secondary thickenings and along extensive stretches of the mature xylic hyphae. In some xylic hyphae, both continuous and sporadic thickenings are observed. The host xylem and the xylem of the haustoria have xylans limited to secondary thickenings only, however. These data indicate that although the xylic and phloic hyphae mimic xylem and phloem elements, they retain some unique qualities to facilitate their parasitic function. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kvaughn@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1114 DI 10.1086/507872 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 117YD UT WOS:000242908300003 ER PT J AU Rehfeldt, GE Crookston, NL Warwell, MV Evans, JS AF Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Crookston, Nicholas L. Warwell, Marcus V. Evans, Jeffrey S. TI Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bioclimatic models; Random Forests multiple-regression tree; climatic distributions; climatic niche; response to climate change; global warming ID VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL CHANGE; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; CHANGING CLIMATE; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; MIGRATION RATES; POLLEN SPECTRA; WATER-BALANCE AB The Random Forests multiple-regression tree was used to model climate profiles of 25 biotic communities of the western United States and nine of their constituent species. Analyses of the communities were based on a gridded sample of ca. 140,000 points, while those for the species used presence-absence data from ca. 120,000 locations. Independent variables included 35 simple expressions of temperature and precipitation and their interactions. Classification errors for community models averaged 19%, but the errors were reduced by half when adjusted for misalignment between geographic data sets. Errors of omission for species-specific models approached 0, while errors of commission were less than 9%. Mapped climate profiles of the species were in solid agreement with range maps. Climate variables of most importance for segregating the communities were those that generally differentiate maritime, continental, and monsoonal climates, while those of importance for predicting the occurrence of species varied among species but consistently implicated the periodicity of precipitation and temperature-precipitation interactions. Projections showed that unmitigated global warming should increase the abundance primarily of the montane forest and grassland community profiles at the expense largely of those of the subalpine, alpine, and tundra communities but also that of the arid woodlands. However, the climate of 47% of the future landscape may be extramural to contemporary community profiles. Effects projected on the spatial distribution of species-specific profiles were varied, but shifts in space and attitude would be extensive. Species-specific projections were not necessarily consistent with those of their communities. C1 USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Rehfeldt, GE (reprint author), USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM grehfeldt@fs.fed.us OI Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 NR 85 TC 202 Z9 212 U1 8 U2 92 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1123 EP 1150 DI 10.1086/507711 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 117YD UT WOS:000242908300005 ER PT J AU Pikuta, EV Itoh, T Krader, P Tang, J Whitman, WB Hoover, RB AF Pikuta, Elena V. Itoh, Takashi Krader, Paul Tang, Jane Whitman, William B. Hoover, Richard B. TI Anaerovirgula multivorans gen. nov., sp nov., a novel spore-forming, alkaliphilic anaerobe isolated from Owens Lake, California, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; SODA LAKE; MONO LAKE; CLOSTRIDIUM; BACTERIUM; ACETICUM; STRAINS; REGION AB A novel, alkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic bacterium, strain SCA, was isolated from mud sediments of a soda lake in California, USA. The rod-shaped cells were motile, Gram-positive, formed spores and were 0.4-0.5 x 2-5-5.0 mu m in size. Growth occurred within the pH range 6.7-10.0 and was optimal at pH 8.5. The temperature range for growth was 10-45 degrees C, with optimal growth at 35 degrees C. NaCl was required for growth. Growth occurred at 0.5-9.0% (w/v) NaCl and was optimal at 1-2% (w/v). The novel isolate was a catalase-negative chemo-organoheterotroph that fermented sugars, proteolysis products, some organic and amino acids, glycerol, D-cellobiose and cellulose. It was also capable of growth by the Stickland reaction. Strain SCA T was sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and gentamicin, but it was resistant to ampicillin and kanamycin. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 34.2 mol%. Major fatty acid components were C-14:0, iso-C-15:0, C-16:1 w9c and C-16:0. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain SCA(T) showed a similarity of approximately 97 % with the type strains of Clostridium formicaceticum and Clostridium aceticum in clostridial cluster XI and a similarity of less than 94.2% to any other recognized Clostridium species and those of related genera in this cluster. Strain SCA T was clearly differentiated from C. formicaceticurn and C. aceticum based on comparison of their phenotypic properties and fatty acid profiles, as well as low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SCA T and the type strains of these two species. Therefore, strain SCA(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, Anaerovirgula multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., in clostridial cluster XI. The type strain is SCA(T) (= ATCC BAA- 1084(T)=JCM 12857(T) =DSM 17722(T)=CIP 107910(T)). C1 NASA, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Astrobiol Lab, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RIKEN, BioResource Ctr, Japan Collect Microorganisms, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USDA, Monitoring Programs Off, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pikuta, EV (reprint author), NASA, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Astrobiol Lab, XD-12,320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM elenapikuta@hotmail.com; Richard.Hoover@NASA.GOV NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 56 BP 2623 EP 2629 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64198-0 PN 11 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 108SQ UT WOS:000242259900021 PM 17082402 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ AF Weimer, Paul J. TI Ethanol and co-products from cellulosic biomass SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Cellulosic biomass, because of its massive availability, represent a feedstock source for production of ethanol and other fuels. Proposed processes based on cellulase enzymes combined with yeast fermentation have received intensive study but are currently not economical due to high enzyme cost and lack of a high-value co-product. An alternative cellulosic ethanol platform, consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), is limited by poor ethanol yields and concentration, but recent research efforts have begun to yield results that support some of the platform's theoretical advantages. One potential benefit of CBP processes is the potential to produce higher value co-products, including a novel plywood adhesive, that would improve process economics. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pjweimer@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1295 BP 630 EP + PG 3 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 104OE UT WOS:000241966900020 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Rosentrater, Kurt A. Muthukumarappan, K. TI Corn ethanol coproducts: Generation, properties, and future prospects SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; BY-PRODUCTS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; FOOD POWDERS; DAIRY-COWS; SOLUBLES; WET; RUMINANTS; PROTEIN; SORGHUM AB The production of corn-based ethanol in the U.S. is dramatically increasing, and consequently so is the quantity of coproduct materials generated from this processing sector. These coproduct streams are currently utilized as livestock feed, which provides ethanol processors with a substantial revenue source and significantly increases the profitability of the production process. With the construction and operation of many new plants in recent years these residuals do, however, have much potential for value-added processing and utilization in other sectors as well. This option holds promise of economic benefit for corn processors, especially if the livestock feed market eventually becomes saturated with byproduct feeds. Physical and nutritional properties are crucial for the proper design of processing operations and byproduct applications. Because information concerning ethanol coproduct materials is somewhat disparate outside the livestock arena, the objective of this paper is to fully review the existing literature base and compile a physical and nutritional properties knowledge bank for these residual streams. This paper will also identify several gaps that currently exist, and will discuss future prospects for these materials. C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov; muthukum@sdstate.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 78 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1295 BP 648 EP + PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 104OE UT WOS:000241966900023 ER PT J AU Liang, LN Yan, RT Ma, WX Zhang, HM Wang, SZ AF Liang, Lina Yan, Run-Tao Ma, Wenxin Zhang, Huanmin Wang, Shu-Zhen TI Exploring RPE as a source of photoreceptors: Differentiation and integration of transdifferentiating cells grafted into embryonic chick eyes SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; NEURAL RETINA; PROGENITOR CELLS; STEM-CELLS; IN-VITRO; RCS RATS; RETROVIRAL VECTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TELEOST RETINA AB PURPOSE. To study the possibility of generating photoreceptors through programming RPE transdifferentiation by examining cell differentiation after transplantation into the developing chick eye. METHODS. RPE was isolated, and the cells were dissociated, cultured, and guided to transdifferentiate by infection with retrovirus expressing neuroD (RCAS-neuroD), using RCAS green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a control. The cells were then harvested and microinjected into the developing eyes of day 5 to day 7 chick embryos, and their development and integration were analyzed. RESULTS. Cells from the control culture integrated into the host RPE. When grafted cells were present in large number, multilayered RPE-like tissues were formed, and the extra tissues consisted of grafted cells and host cells. None of the cells from the control culture expressed photoreceptor-specific genes. In contrast, most cells from RCAS-neuroD infected culture remained depigmented. A large number of them expressed photoreceptor-specific genes, such as visinin and opsins. Antibodies against red opsin decorated the apical tips and the cell bodies of the grafted, transdifferentiating cells. In the subretinal space, visinin(+) cells aligned along the RPE or an RPE-like structure. When integrated into the host outer nuclear layer, grafted cells emanated elaborate, axonal arborization into the outer plexiform layer of the host retina. CONCLUSIONS. Cultured RPE cells retained their remarkable regenerative capabilities. Cells guided to transdifferentiate along the photoreceptor pathway by neuroD developed a highly ordered cellular structure and could integrate into the outer nuclear layer. These data suggest that, through genetic programming, RPE cells could be a potential source of photoreceptor cells. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Ophthalmol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Wang, SZ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Ophthalmol, 700 S 18th St, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. EM szwang@uab.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [EY 11640, R01 EY011640] NR 52 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 47 IS 11 BP 5066 EP 5074 DI 10.1167/iovs.06-0515 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 098XS UT WOS:000241557500060 PM 17065528 ER PT J AU Schauss, AG Wu, XL Prior, RL Ou, BX Patel, D Huang, DJ Kababick, JP AF Schauss, Alexander G. Wu, Xianli Prior, Ronald L. Ou, Boxin Patel, Dinesh Huang, Dejian Kababick, James P. TI Phytochemical and nutrient composition of the freeze-dried Amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (Acai) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Euterpe oleraceae; acai; anthocyanin; proanthocyanidin; flavonoid; resveratrol; nutrient; sterol; fatty acid; amino acid; microbiological test; shelf life ID UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; FRUITS; ANTHOCYANINS; RESVERATROL; CAPACITIES; PULPS AB Euterpe oleraceae is a large palm tree indigenous to the Amazon River and its tributaries and estuaries in South America. Its fruit, known as acai, is of great economic value to native people. In this study, a standardized freeze-dried acai fruit pulp/skin powder was used for all analyses and tests. Among many findings, anthocyanins (ACNs), proanthocyanidins (PACs), and other flavonoids were found to be the major phytochemicals. Two ACNs, cyandin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside were found to be predominant ACNs; three others were also found as minor ACNs. The total content of ACNs was measured as 3.1919 mg/g dry weight (DW). Polymers were found to be the major PACs. The concentration of total PACs was calculated as 12.89 mg/g DW. Other flavonoids, namely, homoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, scoparin, and taxifolin deoxyhexose, along with several unknown flavonoids, were also detected. Resveratrol was found but at a very low concentration. In addition, components including fatty acids, amino acids, sterols, minerals, and other nutrients were analyzed and quantified. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid, total monounsaturated fatty acid, and total saturated fatty acids contributed to 11.1%, 60.2%, and 28.7% of total fatty acid. Oleic acid (53.9%) and palmitic acid (26.7%) were found to be the two dominant fatty acids. Nineteen amino acids were found; the total amino acid content was determined to be 7.59% of total weight. The total sterols accounted for 0.048% by weight of powder. The three sterols B-sitosterol, campesterol, and sigmasterol were identified. A complete nutrient analysis is also presented. Microbiological analysis was also performed. C1 AIMBR Life Sci, Nat & Med Prod Res, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. USDA, ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Brunswick Lab, Wareham, MA 02571 USA. Integrated Biomol Corp, Tucson, AZ 85755 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Food Sci & Technol Program, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Flora Res, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 USA. RP Schauss, AG (reprint author), AIMBR Life Sci, Nat & Med Prod Res, 4117 S Meridian, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. EM alex@aibmr.com RI Huang, Dejian/A-7439-2010 NR 22 TC 141 Z9 148 U1 6 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 22 BP 8598 EP 8603 DI 10.1021/jf060976g PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 098KP UT WOS:000241519700029 PM 17061839 ER PT J AU Schauss, AG Wu, XL Prior, RL Ou, BX Huang, DJ Owens, J Agarwal, A Jensen, GS Hart, AN Shanbrom, E AF Schauss, Alexander G. Wu, Xianli Prior, Ronald L. Ou, Boxin Huang, Dejian Owens, John Agarwal, Amit Jensen, Gitte S. Hart, Aaron N. Shanbrom, Edward TI Antioxidant capacity and other bioactivities of the freeze-dried Amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (Acai) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Euterpe oleraceae; acai; reactive oxygen species (ROS); antioxidant; ORAC(FL); NORAC; HORAC; superoxide; SOD; TAO; cyclooxygenase (COX); macrophage phagocytosis assay; nitric oxide assay; lymphocyte proliferation assay ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FRUITS; FOODS; ASSAY; FLUORESCEIN; INHIBITION; VALIDATION; VEGETABLES; EXTRACT AB The fruit of Euterpe oleraceae, commonly known as acai, has been demonstrated to exhibit significantly high antioxidant capacity in vitro, especially for superoxide and peroxyl scavenging, and, therefore, may have possible health benefits. In this study, the antioxidant capacities of freeze-dried acai fruit pulp/skin powder (OptiAcai) were evaluated by different assays with various free radical sources. It was found to have exceptional activity against superoxide in the superoxide scavenging ( SOD) assay, the highest of any food reported to date against the peroxyl radical as measured by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay with fluorescein as the fluorescent probe (ORAC(FL)), and mild activity against both the peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical by the peroxynitrite averting capacity (NORAC) and hydroxyl radical averting capacity (HORAC) assays, respectively. The SOD of acai was 1614 units/g, an extremely high scavenging capacity for O-2(center dot-), by far the highest of any fruit or vegetable tested to date. Total phenolics were also tested as comparison. In the total antioxidant (TAO) assay, antioxidants in acai were differentiated into "slow-acting" and "fast-acting" components. An assay measuring inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in freshly purified human neutrophils showed that antioxidants in acai are able to enter human cells in a fully functional form and to perform an oxygen quenching function at very low doses. Furthermore, other bioactivities related to anti-inflammation and immune functions were also investigated. Acai was found to be a potential cyclooxygenase (COX)- 1 and COX-2 inhibitor. It also showed a weak effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide but no effect on either lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytic capacity. C1 AIMBR Life Sci, Nat & Med Prod Res, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. USDA, ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Brunswick Lab, Wareham, MA 02571 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Food Sci & Technol Program, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Univ Calif Irvine, Orange, CA 92868 USA. Nat Remedies, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India. NIS Labs, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. RP Schauss, AG (reprint author), AIMBR Life Sci, Nat & Med Prod Res, 4117 S Meridian, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. EM alex@aibmr.com RI Huang, Dejian/A-7439-2010 NR 37 TC 162 Z9 169 U1 7 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 22 BP 8604 EP 8610 DI 10.1021/jf0609779 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 098KP UT WOS:000241519700030 PM 17061840 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Anderson, RC Huwe, JK AF Smith, D. J. Anderson, R. C. Huwe, J. K. TI Effect of sodium [Cl-36] chlorate dose on total radioactive residues and residues of parent chlorate in growing swine SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sodium chlorate; food safety; pathogens; swine ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DRINKING-WATER; BEEF-CATTLE; MALE-RAT; TYPHIMURIUM; METABOLISM; PIGS; PHARMACOKINETICS; PERCHLORATE; KINETICS AB An experimental chlorate-based product has been shown to be efficacious in eliminating economically important, Gram-negative human pathogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of food animals. Prior to the commercial marketing of such a product, the magnitude and chemical nature of residues remaining in edible tissues must be determined. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the tissue distribution and elimination of sodium [Cl-36]chlorate in orally dosed swine. Three sets of pigs, each consisting of a barrow and a gilt, were orally dosed with a total of 20, 40, or 60 mg of sodium [Cl-36]chlorate per kg body weight via the drinking water. Urine and feces were collected throughout the 30 h study. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure to [Cl-36]chlorate, each pig was harvested and both edible and inedible tissues were collected. Urine and tissue samples were analyzed for total radioactive residues and for chlorate metabolites. Elimination of radioactivity in urine averaged 81.6, 83.7, and 83.9% of the total dose for the low, medium, and high doses, respectively. Fecal elimination of radioactivity averaged 1.1% of the dosed radiochlorine across all doses. Parent chlorate always represented greater than 97.4% of the urinary radiochlorine with the remaining radiochlorine being excreted as chloride ion. Chlorate represented 39-77% of fecal radioactivity, depending upon dose. Chlorate concentrations in edible tissues ranged from 0.01 to 0.49 ppm, with residues in liver and skeletal muscle generally lower than those in kidney and adipose tissue. Chlorate residues were concentrated in thyroid tissues (7.7-25.4 ppm) relative to edible tissues. No evidence for the presence of chlorite was observed in excreta or in tissues. Results of this study suggest that further development of chlorate as a preharvest food safety tool in swine merits consideration. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 22 BP 8648 EP 8653 DI 10.1021/jf0620160 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 098KP UT WOS:000241519700036 PM 17061846 ER PT J AU Lamb, GC Larson, JE Geary, TW Stevenson, JS Johnson, SK Day, ML Ansotegui, RP Kesler, DJ DeJarnette, JM Landblom, DG AF Lamb, G. C. Larson, J. E. Geary, T. W. Stevenson, J. S. Johnson, S. K. Day, M. L. Ansotegui, R. P. Kesler, D. J. DeJarnette, J. M. Landblom, D. G. TI Synchronization of estrus and artificial insemination in replacement beef heifers using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F-2 alpha, and progesterone SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef heifer; synchronization; timed artificial insemination ID GESTATION LENGTH; TIMED INSEMINATION; WEANING TRAITS; CATTLE; COWS; GNRH; OVULATION; BIRTH; GROWTH; CYCLE AB We evaluated whether a fixed-time AI (TAI) protocol could yield pregnancy rates similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus, or detection of estrus and AI plus a clean-up TAI for heifers not detected in estrus, and whether adding an injection of GnRH at controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insertion would enhance fertility in CIDR-based protocols. Estrus in 2,075 replacement beef heifers at 12 locations was synchronized, and AI was preceded by 1 of 4 treatments arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial design: 1) Estrus detection + TAI (ETAI) (n = 516): CIDR for 7 d plus 25 mg of prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PG) at CIDR insert removal, followed by detection of estrus for 72 h and AI for 84 h after PG (heifers not detected in estrus by 84 h received 100 mu g of GnRH and TAI); 2) G+ETAI (n = 503): ETAI plus 100 mu g GnRH at CIDR insertion; 3) Fixed-time AI (FTAI) (n = 525): CIDR for 7 d plus 25 mg of PG at CIDR removal, followed in 60 h by a second injection of GnRH and TAI; 4) G+FTAI (n = 531): FTAI plus 100 mu g of GnRH at CIDR insertion. Blood samples were collected (d -17 and -7, relative to PG) to determine ovarian status. For heifers in ETAI and G+ETAI treatments, a minimum of twice daily observations for estrus began on d 0 and continued for at least 72 h. Inseminations were performed according to the a.m.-p.m. rule. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography. The percentage of heifers exhibiting ovarian cyclic activity at the initiation of treatments was 89%. Pregnancy rates among locations across treatments ranged from 38 to 74%. Pregnancy rates were 54.7, 57.5, 49.3, and 53.1% for ETAI, G+ETAI, FTAI, and G+FTAI treatments, respectively. Although pregnancy rates were similar among treatments, a tendency (P = 0.065) occurred for pregnancy rates in the G+ETAI treatment to be greater than in the FTAI treatment. We concluded that the G+FTAI protocol yielded pregnancy rates similar to protocols that combine estrus detection and TAL Further, the G+FTAI protocol produced the most consistent pregnancy rates among locations and eliminated the necessity for detection of estrus when inseminating replacement beef heifers. C1 Univ Minnesota, N Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Select Sires Inc, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. RP Lamb, GC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, N Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM clamb@umn.edu RI Day, Michael/K-4311-2013 NR 32 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 84 IS 11 BP 3000 EP 3009 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-220 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 094YQ UT WOS:000241275700015 PM 17032794 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, JT Greene, LW Cole, NA Brown, MS McCollum, FT Tedeschi, LO AF Vasconcelos, J. T. Greene, L. W. Cole, N. A. Brown, M. S. McCollum, F. T., III Tedeschi, L. O. TI Effects of phase feeding of protein on performance, blood urea nitrogen concentration, manure nitrogen : phosphorus ratio, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE environment; feedlot; nitrogen; phase feeding; phosphorus ID FINISHING CATTLE; BALANCE AB Two experiments with a randomized complete block design were conducted to determine the effects of phase feeding of CP on performance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), manure N:P ratio, and carcass characteristics of steers fed in a feedlot. In Exp. 1, 45 crossbred steers (initial BW = 423 +/- 3.3 kg) were individually fed a diet formulated to contain 13.0% CP (DM basis) for 62 d. On d 63, the dietary CP was maintained at 13.0% or formulated to contain 11.5 or 10.0% CP until slaughter. Actual CP values were 12.8, 11.8, and 9.9%, respectively. Reducing the CP concentration of the diet did not affect ADG of steers from d 62 to 109 (P = 0.54) or over the 109-d feeding period (1.45, 1.50, and 1.49 kg/d for 13.0, 11.5, and 10.0% CP, respectively; P = 0.85). No differences (P > 0.12) among treatments were detected for BUN concentrations on d 0, 62, or 109. Gain:feed, DMI, and carcass characteristics did not differ among treatments (P > 0.10). In Exp. 2, 2 trials were conducted using 184 (initial BW = 406 +/- 2.6 kg) and 162 (initial BW = 342 +/- 1.9 kg) crossbred steers. Data from the 2 trials were pooled for statistical analysis, and trial effect was added to the statistical model. Steers were fed a diet formulated to contain 13.0% CP until reaching approximately 477 kg. When the average BW of the pen was 477 kg, diets were maintained at 13.0% CP or reduced to contain 11.5 or 10.0% CP. Actual CP values were 12.4, 11.5, and 9.3% CP for treatments 13.0, 11.5, and 10.0% CP, respectively. Reducing the CP content of the diet did not affect ADG after the diet changed (P = 0.16) or throughout the finishing period (P = 0.14). Immediately before slaughter, steers fed the 13.0% CP diet had greater (P < 0.001) BUN concentrations than steers fed the 11.5 and 10.0% CP diets. Carcasses from cattle fed the 11.5% CP diet had greater (P = 0.02) fat thickness than the 13.0 and 10.0% CP treatments, whereas carcasses from cattle fed 13.0% CP had greater (P = 0.004) marbling scores than steers fed the 11.5 or 10.0% CP diets. Other carcass characteristics, DMI, and GY did not differ (P > 0.10) among treatments. The N:P ratio was increased with the 10.0% CP diet (P = 0.02) compared with the 11.5 or 13.5% CP treatments; however, manure composition did not differ (P > 0.10) among treatments. These results indicate that reduced CP concentration during the finishing period does not affect feedlot performance but can improve the N and P relationship in the manure. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. Texas Cooperat Extens, Amarillo, TX 77106 USA. RP Tedeschi, LO (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM luis.tedeschi@tamu.edu RI Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016 OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 84 IS 11 BP 3032 EP 3038 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-711 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 094YQ UT WOS:000241275700018 PM 17032797 ER PT J AU Klotz, JL Bush, LP Smith, DL Shafer, WD Smith, LL Vevoda, AC Craig, AM Arrington, BC Strickland, JR AF Klotz, J. L. Bush, L. P. Smith, D. L. Shafer, W. D. Smith, L. L. Vevoda, A. C. Craig, A. M. Arrington, B. C. Strickland, J. R. TI Assessment of vasoconstrictive potential of D-lysergic acid using an isolated bovine lateral saphenous vein bioassay SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkaloid; bovine; fescue; lysergic acid; vasoconstriction ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; VASCULATURE; REACTIVITY; VESSELS; TISSUES; CATTLE; GRASS AB Vasoconstriction has been associated with several symptoms of fescue toxicosis thought to be alkaloid induced. Lysergic acid, an ergot alkaloid, has been proposed as a toxic component of endophyte-infected tall fescue. The objective of this study was to examine the vasoconstrictive potential of D-lysergic acid using a bovine lateral (cranial branch) saphenous vein bioassay. Before testing lysergic acid, validation of the bovine lateral saphenous vein bioassay for use with a multimyograph apparatus was conducted using a dose-response to norepinephrine to evaluate the effects of limb of origin (right vs. left) and overnight storage on vessel contractile response. Segments (2 to 3 cm) of the cranial branch of the lateral saphenous vein were collected from healthy mixed breed cattle (n = 12 and n = 7 for the lysergic acid and norepinephrine experiments, respectively) at local abattoirs. Tissue was placed in modified Krebs-Henseleit, oxygenated buffer and kept on ice or stored at 2 to 8 degrees C until used. Veins were trimmed of excess fat and connective tissue, sliced into 2- to 3-mm sections, and suspended in a myograph chamber containing 5 mL of oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer (95% O-2, 5% CO2; pH = 7.4; 37 degrees C). Tissue was allowed to equilibrate at 1 g of tension for 90 min before initiation of treatment additions. Increasing doses of norepinephrine (1 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-4) M) or lysergic acid (1 X 10(-11) to 1 X 10(-4) M) were administered every 15 min after buffer replacement. Data were normalized as a percentage of the contractile response induced by a reference dose of norepinephrine. Veins from both left and right limbs demonstrated contractions in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01) but did not differ between limbs. There were no differences in dose-response to norepinephrine between tissue tested the day of dissection and tissue tested 24 h later. Exposure of vein segments to increasing concentrations of lysergic acid did not result in an appreciable contractile response until the addition of 1 x 10(-4) M lysergic acid (15.6 +/- 2.3% of the 1 X 10(-4) M norepinephrine response). These data indicate that only highly elevated concentrations of lysergic acid result in vasoconstriction. Thus, in relation to the symptoms associated with vasoconstriction, lysergic acid may only play a minor role in the manifestation of fescue toxicosis. C1 USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Strickland, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jstrickland@ars.usda.gov RI Craig, A. Morrie/J-5857-2013 NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 84 IS 11 BP 3167 EP 3175 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-038 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 094YQ UT WOS:000241275700033 PM 17032812 ER PT J AU Arnold, JW deLaubenfels, E Zambelli-Weiner, A AF Arnold, Judy W. deLaubenfels, Eric Zambelli-Weiner, April TI Quantitative assessment of hard surface disinfectant activity against the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BIOFILM FORMATION; ATTACHMENT AB Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that must be controlled to ensure food safety. For the years 2003 and 2004, L. monocytogenes caused 20 deaths per 100 listeriosis cases and was responsible for most food recalls for pathogen contamination. The objective of this work was to develop a quantitative method to assess disinfectant activity against L. monocytogenes. Standard procedures for testing disinfectants against 3 bacteria are described in the AOAC Official Methods of Analysis as use-dilution methods. No standard methods are provided for L. monocytogenes. In this study, preliminary efficacy of a quaternary ammonium compound with hydroperoxide ion was determined for 25 bacterial strains. The zones of inhibition ranged from 7.0 to 12.5 mm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 5 to 250 ppm. For final efficacy, stainless steel carriers were contaminated with L. monocytogenes and tested separately for 5, 10, and 15 min in disinfectant or phenol. After exposure, the carriers were placed into 2 series of WE neutralization broth. For 3 replications with duplicate samples, the phenol coefficient was 3.3. This research presents a technique-sensitive method that provides quantitative data for comparison and analysis of disinfectant activity against L. monocytogenes. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Sterilex Corp, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jarnold@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1617 EP 1621 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 116SO UT WOS:000242822800023 PM 17225610 ER PT J AU James, JJ Caird, MA Drenovsky, RE Sheley, RL AF James, J. J. Caird, M. A. Drenovsky, R. E. Sheley, R. L. TI Influence of resource pulses and perennial neighbors on the establishment of an invasive annual grass in the Mojave Desert SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE annual grass; Atriplex; invasion; resource pulses; Schismus; weed ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; N CAPTURE; PLANT; INVASIBILITY; COMMUNITY; WATER; SOIL; COMPETITION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB Invasion by exotic annual grasses is one of the most significant threats to and ecosystems in the western USA. Current theories of invasibility predict plant communities become more susceptible to invasion whenever there is an increase in the amount of unused resources. The objective of this field study was to examine how resource pulses and temporal variation in resource demand by the native shrub vegetation influences establishment of the invasive annual grass Schismus arabicus. Water and nitrogen were applied as pulses in early spring, mid-spring, or continuously throughout the growing season to plots containing either Atriplex confertifolia or Atriplex parryi shrubs. The effect of resource pulses on Schismus density and biomass was highly dependent on the seasonal timing of the resource pulses and the identity of the neighbor shrub. When resource pulses coincided with high rates of resource capture and growth of the native vegetation, density and biomass of Schismus was reduced. Schismus establishment was greater under continuous resource supply compared to pulsed resource supply, likely because more soil resources were available at a shallow depth when resources were supplied at a continuous low rate. These results suggest that the establishment of invasive annual grasses in arid systems can be influenced by the magnitude and spatial distribution of resource pulses in addition to the seasonal timing of resource pulses. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, E Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44118 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, E Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 67 IS 3 BP 528 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.014 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096VB UT WOS:000241403800012 ER PT J AU Taylor, JRN Schober, TJ Bean, SR AF Taylor, John R. N. Schober, Tilman J. Bean, Scott R. TI Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE sorghum; millet; food; bread; malting; brewing; bioethanol; gluten-free; kafirin; wax ID ENDOSPERM CELL-WALLS; BETA-D-GLUCAN; GLUTEN-FREE BREAD; WARM WATER STEEP; GRAIN-SORGHUM; MALT QUALITY; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; CELIAC-DISEASE; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; ALPHA-AMYLASE AB Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt. The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pretoria, Dept Food Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Taylor, JRN (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Food Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM jtaylor@postino.up.ac.za OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 179 TC 149 Z9 155 U1 6 U2 107 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 252 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.009 PG 20 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 114XS UT WOS:000242699500004 ER PT J AU Anderson, JV Fuerst, EP Hurkman, WJ Vensel, WH Morris, CF AF Anderson, James V. Fuerst, E. Patrick Hurkman, William J. Vensel, William H. Morris, Craig F. TI Biochemical and genetic characterization of wheat (Triticum spp.) kernel polyphenol oxidases SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyphenol oxidase; wheat; Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum ssp durum; aneuploid; wheat quality; darkening; discoloration ID TETRAPLOID WHEAT; NOODLE COLOR; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; GRAIN; BRAN; PURIFICATION; DETERGENTS; ACTIVATION; PROFILES AB Genetic variability of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was evaluated in hexaploid, tetraploid, and aneuploid wheat (Tritictan spp.). A DNA probe to kernel-specific PPO hybridized to PPO clones from an immature wheat kernel cDNA library but not to clones from a seedling cDNA library. Recombinant protein and antibody were developed from the kernel-specific PPO. PPO transcript and antigenic proteins were most abundant during kernel development and decreased rapidly at physiological maturity. PPO proteins were more abundant in immature kernels, but PPO activity was greater in mature kernels. Wheat kernel antigenic protein bands of similar to 58, 60, 62, and 75kD were identified; immunoprecipitated proteins of similar to 60 and similar to 62kD were confirmed to be PPOs by LC-MS/MS. The 2D chromosome was implicated as a major locus of PPO activity in cultivar (cv.) 'Chinese Spring' based on antigenic staining intensity of similar to 60-62 kD proteins and kernel PPO activity in aneuploid lines. The similar to 58 kD protein was not well-correlated with kernel PPO activity, while the similar to 75 kD protein was likely a PPO precursor. Tropolone completely inhibited PPO activity extracted from mature kernels but not from immature kernels. Total PPO activity in mature kernels is thus a function of specific PPO isoforms present, their abundance, and activation levels. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Anderson, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM andersjv@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705; Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.008 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 114XS UT WOS:000242699500013 ER PT J AU Lagalante, AF Lewis, N Montgomery, ME Shields, KS AF Lagalante, Anthony F. Lewis, Nyssa Montgomery, Michael E. Shields, Kathleen S. TI Temporal and spatial variation of terpenoids in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in relation to feeding by Adelges tsugae SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; chemical indicators; GC/MS; eastern hemlock; hemlock woolly adelgid; phenology; plant resistance; SPME; terpenes; terpenoids; Tsuga canadensis ID HOMOPTERA; APHIDS; FIR; ADELGIDAE AB The terpenoid content of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) foliage was measured over an annual cycle of development from bud opening, shoot elongation, shoot maturation, to bud-break at the start of the next growing season. The objective was to determine if variation in terpenoid composition is linked with spatial and temporal feeding preferences of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae). The HWA has two periods of feeding over the course of 1 yr spanning two complete generations. There are two periods of feeding separated by a nonfeeding period where the adelgid estivates. HWA prefers to feed on mature, rather than young, expanding tissue. Feeding occurs in the leaf cushion at the base of the needle. The needle is the only tissue in hemlock with resin canals that store terpenoids. The needle and leaf cushion of both the current and previous years' growth were analyzed separately over a 1-yr period to examine the variation of terpenoid composition in space and time. Terpenoids were quantified by using headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME/GC/MS). New growth needles and leaf cushions do not resemble the previous year's growth either visually or in chemical composition until October/November, when the adelgid breaks estivation and begins feeding. Nearly all of the 23 terpenoids present exceeding 0.1% varied significantly either temporally or spatially, usually with complex interactions. Ordination and factor analysis revealed that terpenoids are less variable in mature leaf cushions than in young tissue. By entering a nonfeeding diapause during the late spring and summer, HWA avoids the unstable, variable levels of terpenoids in the immature leaf cushion and needles. C1 Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. Penn State Univ, Dunmore, PA 18512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Lagalante, AF (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Mendel Hall,800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM anthony.lagalante@villanova.edu NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2389 EP 2403 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9166-0 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106VS UT WOS:000242130700004 PM 17078000 ER PT J AU Brown, AE Riddick, EW Aldrich, JR Holmes, WE AF Brown, Ashli E. Riddick, Eric W. Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Holmes, William E. TI Identification of (-)-beta-caryophyllene as a gender-specific terpene produced by the multicolored Asian lady beetle SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-caryophyllene; Harmonia axyridis; gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS); terpene; solid-phase microextraction (SPME); whole air sampling; racemic ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEX-PHEROMONES; BOLL WEEVIL; COCCINELLIDAE; APHID; WINE; BUG AB This work reports the development and use of techniques for characterizing volatile chemicals emitted by the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in an effort to identify the semiochemicals involved in establishment and persistence of overwintering beetle aggregations. Volatiles emitted from live beetles were detected by using whole-air sampling and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Adsorbed volatiles were thermally desorbed and identified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). By comparing the chromatograms of volatiles emitted from live male and female beetles, a sesquiterpene, (-)-beta-caryophyllene, was found only in the females. The identity of (-)-beta-caryophyllene was confirmed by using NIST Library searches, comparing retention times with those of known standards, and by using higher-resolution GC/MS above bench top capability. Although SPME trapping detected a wider array of compounds compared to whole-air sampling, the latter method is better suited for automation. Unattended automated sampling is required for the continuous measurement of targeted compounds under dynamically changing incubation conditions. These conditions, mimicking natural overwintering conditions, are essential to our long-term goal of using this technology to detect and identify the aggregation pheromone of H. axyridis. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Mississippi State Univ, State Chem Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ab506@msstate.edu; ewriddick@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2489 EP 2499 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9158-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106VS UT WOS:000242130700011 PM 17019620 ER PT J AU Siderhurst, MS Jang, EB AF Siderhurst, Matthew S. Jang, Eric B. TI Female-biased attraction of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), to a blend of host fruit volatiles from Terminalia catappa L. SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oriental fruit fly; Bactrocera dorsalis; fruit volatiles; Terminalia catappa; GC-EAD; attractants ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA FLIES; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; PLANT VOLATILES; APPLE MAGGOT; IDENTIFICATION; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; CONSTITUENTS; SPECTRUM AB Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) analysis of volatiles from tropical almond fruit, Terminalia catappa L., revealed 22 compounds that were detected by antennae of oriental fruit fly females, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Both solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and Porapak Q were used for sampling odors in fruit headspace, with SPME collections producing larger EAD responses from a greater number of compounds. Geranyl acetate and methyl eugenol elicited the largest EAD responses. A synthetic blend containing SPME collected, EAD stimulatory compounds showed female-biased attraction in laboratory wind tunnel bioassays, but heavily male-biased trap captures in a larger olfactometer arena. A nine-component subset of compounds eliciting relatively small EAD responses (EAD minor) and consisting of equal parts ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, ethyl nonanate, nonyl acetate, ethyl cinnamate, and (E)-beta-farnesene, attracted mainly females. This EAD minor blend was as attractive to females and much less attractive to males when compared to torula yeast in field cage experiments using glass McPhail traps. Similar results were obtained with outdoor rotating olfactometer tests in which the EAD minor blend was almost completely inactive for males. C1 United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Siderhurst, MS (reprint author), United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM msiderhurst@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2513 EP 2524 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9160-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106VS UT WOS:000242130700013 PM 17082987 ER PT J AU Zilkowski, BW Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Petroski, RJ AF Zilkowski, Bruce W. Bartelt, Robert J. Cosse, Allard A. Petroski, Richard J. TI Male-produced aggregation pheromone compounds from the eggplant flea beetle (Epitrix fuscula): Identification, synthesis, and field biossays SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flea beetles; Epitrix fuscula; coleoptera; chrysomelidae; aggregation pheromone; (2E,4E,6Z)-2,4,6-nonatrienal; (2E,4E,6E)-2,4,6-nonatrienal; sesquiterpene; himachalene; field trials ID PHYLLOTRETA-CRUCIFERAE; SESQUITERPENES; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; APHTHONA; COMPONENTS; VOLATILES; LEAVES AB Volatiles from the eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fuscula Crotch (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), feeding on host foliage, were investigated. Six male-specific compounds were detected and were identified through the use of mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, chiral and achiral gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, electrophysiology (gas chromatography-electroantennography, GC-EAD), and microchemical tests. The two most abundant of the six compounds were (2E,4E,6Z)-2,4,6-nonatrienal (1) and (2E,4E,6E)-2,4,6-nonatrienal (2). The other four compounds, present in minor amounts, were identified as himachalene sesquiterpenes; two of these, 3 and 4, were hydrocarbons and two, 5 and 6, were alcohols. All four sesquiterpenes were previously encountered from male flea beetles of Aphthona spp. and Phyllotreta cruciferae. Synthetic 1 and 2 matched the natural products by GC retention times, mass spectra, and NMR spectra. Sesquiterpenes 3-6 similarly matched synthetic standards and natural samples from the previously studied species in all ways, including chirality. Both natural and synthetic 1 and 2 gave positive GC-EAD responses, as did sesquiterpenes 3, 5, and 6. Field trials were conducted with a mixture of 1 and 2, and the baited traps were significantly more attractive than control traps to both male and female E. fuscula. The E. fuscula pheromone has potential for monitoring or controlling these pests in eggplants. C1 USDA ARS, No Reg Res Ctr, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Zilkowski, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Reg Res Ctr, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM zilkowbw@ucaur.usda.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2543 EP 2558 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9163-3 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106VS UT WOS:000242130700015 PM 17075723 ER PT J AU Parker, CT Quinones, B Miller, WG Horn, ST Mandrell, RE AF Parker, Craig T. Quinones, Beatriz Miller, William G. Horn, Sharon T. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Comparative genomic analysis of Campylobacter jejuni strains reveals diversity due to genomic elements similar to those present in C-jejuni strain RM1221 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; DNA MICROARRAY; LOCI; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROPHAGES; SEQUENCES; PLASMIDS; PATHOGEN AB Analysis of the complete genomic sequence of Campylobacter jejuni strain RM1221 identified four large genomic elements, Campylobacter jejuni-integrated elements (CJIEs), that were absent from C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168. To further investigate the genomic diversity of Campylobacter, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis from a collection of 67 C. jejuni and 12 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from various geographical locations and clinical and veterinary sources. Utilizing PCR, we demonstrated that 55% of the C. jejuni strains examined were positive for at least one RM1221-like genomic element and 27% were positive for two or more of these QJIEs. Furthermore, many C. coli strains were positive for either genomic element QJIE1 or QJIE3. To simultaneously assess for the presence or absence of several genes that comprise the various QJIEs, we developed a multistrain C. jejuni DNA microarray that contained most of the putative coding sequences for strains NCTC 11168 and RM1221. A comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of 35 of the 67 C. jejuni strains confirmed the presence of genomic elements similar to those in strain RM1221. Interestingly, the DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that these genomic elements in the other C. Jejuni strains often exhibited modular patterns with some regions of the QIEs present and other regions either absent or highly divergent compared to strain RM1221. Our CGH method also identified 18 other intraspecies hypervariable regions, such as the capsule and lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis regions. Thus, the inclusion of genes from these integrated genomic elements and the genes from the other intraspecies hypervariable regions contributes to a better assessment of the diversity in C. jejuni and may increase the usefulness of DNA microarrays as an epidemiological genotyping tool. Finally, we also showed that in QJIE1, a Campylobacter Mu-like phage, is located differentially in other strains of C. jejuni, suggesting that it may integrate essentially randomly. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM parker@pw.usda.gov NR 25 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4125 EP 4135 DI 10.1128/JCM.01231-06 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105UC UT WOS:000242056800042 PM 16943349 ER PT J AU Liu, DY Lawrence, ML Wiedmann, M Gorski, L Mandrell, RE Ainsworth, AJ Austin, FW AF Liu, Dongyou Lawrence, Mark L. Wiedmann, Martin Gorski, Lisa Mandrell, Robert E. Ainsworth, A. Jerald Austin, Frank W. TI Listeria monocytogenes subgroups IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC delineate genetically distinct populations with varied pathogenic potential SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINEAGE-III; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; GENE; PCR; PROTEIN; ASSAY AB Listeria monocytogenes lineage III strains belonging to subgroups IIIA (n = 8), IIIB (n = 5), and IIIC (n = 6) were examined along with other known serotype strains (n = 11) by PCR and Southern hybridization using several recently described species-, virulence-, and serotype- specific primers and probes. The virulence of seven representative lineage III strains was then evaluated in mice via the intraperitoneal route. The results suggest that subgroup IIIA consists of typical rhamnose-positive avirulent serotype 4a and virulent serotype 4c strains, subgroup IIIC consists of atypical rhamnose-negative virulent serotype 4c strains, and subgroup IIIB consists of atypical rhamnose-negative virulent non-serotype 4a and non-serotype 4c strains, some of which may be related to serotype 7. It is possible that subgroup IIIB (including serotype 7) may represent a novel subspecies within L. monocytogenes. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Liu, DY (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, POB 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM liu@cvm.msstate.edu RI Liu, Dongyou/A-4499-2008; Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662 NR 20 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4229 EP 4233 DI 10.1128/JCM.01032-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105UC UT WOS:000242056800062 PM 17005751 ER PT J AU Wouda, W Snoep, JJ Dubey, JP AF Wouda, W. Snoep, J. J. Dubey, J. P. TI Eosinophilic myositis due to Sarcocystis hominis in a beef cow SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; eosinophilic myositis; parasitic infection; Sarcocystis hominis ID MUSCULAR SARCOCYSTOSIS; CATTLE; INFECTION; CYSTS; TRANSMISSION; IDENTITY; HIRSUTA AB A case of eosinophilic myositis (EM) in an 8-year-old beef cow was investigated. The animal originated from a herd in which a high incidence of the disease had been observed in slaughtered adult females over a period of 2 years. Histologically, the lesions in the muscles were characterized as granulomas with a central core of degenerate eosinophils and remnants of necrotic muscle fibres, surrounded by a rim of epithelioid cells and fibrous tissue with an infiltrate consisting predominantly of eosinophils radiating outwards. Degenerate sarcocysts with a thick (7-9 mu m) wall were present in the suppurative centre of most lesions. Intact sarcocysts with similar morphology were present in adjacent muscle fibres but without an associated inflammatory reaction. By transmission electron microscopy the sarcocysts were identified as Sarcocystis hominis, based on the morphology of villar protrusions of the sarcocyst wall, which were broad-based and cylindrical, with a blunt distal end, and contained numerous long microfilaments. Circumstantial evidence indicated a human source of infection, human faecal material having been spread on the pasture grazed by the cattle. The findings supported a causal relationship between S. hominis infection and EM in cattle. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Anim Hlth Serv Ltd, NL-7400 AA Deventer, Netherlands. USDA ARS, BARC E, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wouda, W (reprint author), Anim Hlth Serv Ltd, Post Box 9, NL-7400 AA Deventer, Netherlands. EM w.wouda@gezondedieren.nl NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2006.07.004 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 114WD UT WOS:000242695400011 PM 17067618 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TA Lippolis, JD AF Reinhardt, Timothy A. Lippolis, John D TI Bovine milk fat globule membrane proteome SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE milk fat globule membrane; proteomics; lactation; mammary gland; mastitis ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN CELLS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; XANTHINE-OXIDOREDUCTASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIPID DROPLETS; PROTEINS; SECRETION; GLAND; EXPRESSION AB Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) were isolated from the milk of mid-lactation Holstein cows. The purified MFGM were fractionated using 1-dimensional SIDS gels. Tryptic peptides from gel slices were further fractionated on a micro-capillary high performance liquid chromatograph connected to a nanospray-tandem mass spectrometer. Analysis of the data resulted in 120 proteins being identified by two or more unique peptide sequences. Of these 120 proteins, 71 % are membrane associated proteins with the remainder being cytoplasmic or secreted proteins. Only 15 of the proteins identified in the cow MFGM were the same as proteins identified in previous mouse or human MFGM proteomic studies. Thus, the bulk of the proteins identified are new for bovine MFGM proteomics. The proteins identified were associated with membrane/protein trafficking (23%), cell signalling (23%), unknown functions (21 %), fat transport/metabolism (11 %), transport (9%), protein synthesis/folding (7%), immune proteins (4%) and milk proteins (2%). The proteins associated with cell signalling or membrane/protein trafficking may provide insights into MFGM secretion mechanisms. The finding of CD14, toll like receptor (TLR2), and TLR4 on MFGM suggests a direct role for the mammary gland in detecting an infection. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Reinhardt, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM treinhar@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 44 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 5 U2 31 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 BP 406 EP 416 DI 10.1017/S0022029906001889 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 108KM UT WOS:000242238700003 PM 16834814 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE Wagner, BA Smith, RL McCluskey, BJ Harris, BN Payeur, JB Garry, FB Salman, MD AF Lombard, J. E. Wagner, B. A. Smith, R. L. McCluskey, B. J. Harris, B. N. Payeur, J. B. Garry, F. B. Salman, M. D. TI Evaluation of environmental sampling and culture to determine Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis distribution and herd infection status on US dairy operations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE environmental sampling; paratuberculosis; dairy ID POOLED FECAL SAMPLES; MILK-PRODUCTION; BACTERIOLOGICAL CULTURE; SSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; JOHNES-DISEASE; SURVIVAL; ASSAY; RISK AB The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in the environment and assess the relationship between the culture status of MAP in the farm environment and herd infection status. The National Animal Health Monitoring System's Dairy 2002 study surveyed dairy operations in 21 states. One component of the study involved collection and culturing of environmental samples for MAP from areas on farms where manure accumulated from a majority of a herd's cows. Operations were selected for inclusion based on perceived risk factors for MAP infection identified in a previously administered questionnaire. Individual animal and environmental samples were collected and used to determine the efficiency of environmental sampling for determination of herd infection status. Individual animal fecal, serum, and milk samples were used to classify herds as infected or not infected based on the presence of at least one test-positive animal in the herd. A total of 483 environmental samples (approximately 5 per farm) were collected, and 218 (45.1%) were culture-positive for MAP. A similar percentage of environmental cultures collected from all designated areas were positive [parlor exits (52.3%), floors of holding pens (49.1%), common alleyways (48.8%), lagoons (47.4%), manure spreaders (42.3%), and manure pits (41.5%)]. Of the 98 operations tested with the environmental sample culture, 97 had individual serum ELISA results, 60 had individual fecal culture results, and 34 had individual milk ELISA results. Sixty-nine of the 98 operations (70.4%) had at least one environmental sample that was culture-positive. Of the 50 herds classified as infected by fecal culture, 38 (76.0%) were identified by environmental culture. Two of the 10 operations classified as not infected based on individual animal fecal culture were environmental culture-positive. Of the 80 operations classified as infected based on serum ELISA-positive results, 61 (76.3%) were identified as environmental-positive, whereas 20 of the 28 (71.4%) operations identified as infected based on milk ELISA were detected by environmental sampling. Environmental sample culturing is less costly than individual animal sampling, does not require animal restraint, and identified more than 70% of infected operations. Environmental sampling is another diagnostic tool that veterinarians and dairy producers can use to determine herd infection status for MAP. C1 USDA ARS, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jason.e.lombard@aphis.usda.gov NR 23 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 89 IS 11 BP 4163 EP 4171 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 093IK UT WOS:000241161800008 PM 17033002 ER PT J AU Rinaldi, M Moroni, P Leino, L Laihia, J Paape, MJ Bannerman, DD AF Rinaldi, M. Moroni, P. Leino, L. Laihia, J. Paape, M. J. Bannerman, D. D. TI Effect of cis-urocanic acid on bovine neutrophil generation of reactive oxygen species SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; neutrophil; reactive oxygen species; respiratory burst ID LUMINOL-DEPENDENT CHEMILUMINESCENCE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CYPRIDINA LUCIFERIN ANALOG; RESPIRATORY BURST ACTIVITY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; NADPH OXIDASE; IN-VITRO; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Neutrophils play a fundamental role in the host innate immune response during mastitis and other bacterial-mediated diseases of cattle. One of the critical mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to host innate immune defenses is through their ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria. The ability of neutrophils to kill bacteria is mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the extracellular release of ROS can be deleterious to the host because ROS induce tissue injury. Thus, in diseases such as mastitis that are accompanied by the influx of neutrophils, the generation of large quantities of ROS may result in significant injury to the mammary epithelium. cis-Urocanic acid (cis-UCA), which is formed from the UV photoisomerization of the trans isoform found naturally in human and animal skin, is an immunosuppressive molecule with anti-inflammatory properties. Little is known about the effect of cis-UCA on neutrophils, although one report demonstrated that it inhibits human neutrophil respiratory burst activity. However, the nature of this inhibition remains unknown. Because of the potential therapeutic use that a molecule such as cis-UCA may have in blocking excessive respiratory burst activity that may be deleterious to the host, the ability of cis-UCA to inhibit bovine neutrophil production of ROS was studied. Further, because neutrophil generation of ROS is necessary for optimal neutrophil bactericidal activity, a response which is critical for the host innate immune defense against infection, the effects of cis-UCA on bovine neutrophil phagocytosis and bacterial killing were assayed. cis-Urocanic acid dose-dependently inhibited the respiratory burst activity of bovine neutrophils as measured by luminol chemiluminescence. Subsequently, the effect of cis-UCA on the production of specific oxygen radicals was investigated using more selective assays. Using 2 distinct assays, we established that cis-UCA inhibited the generation of extracellular superoxide. In contrast, cis-UCA had no effect on the generation of intracellular levels of superoxide or other ROS. At concentrations that inhibited generation of extracellular superoxide, bovine neutrophil phagocytosis and bacterial activity remained intact. Together, these data suggest that cis-UCA inhibits the tissue-damaging generation of extracellular ROS while preserving neutrophil bactericidal activity. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. BioCis Pharma Ltd, Turku 20520, Finland. Univ Milan, Dept Vet Pathol Hyg & Publ Hlth, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 85 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 89 IS 11 BP 4188 EP 4201 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 093IK UT WOS:000241161800011 PM 17033005 ER PT J AU Meyer, MJ Capuco, AV Ross, DA Lintault, LM Van Amburgh, ME AF Meyer, M. J. Capuco, A. V. Ross, D. A. Lintault, L. M. Van Amburgh, M. E. TI Developmental and nutritional regulation of the prepubertal heifer mammary gland: I. Parenchyma and fat pad mass and composition SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heifer; mammary development; nutrition ID SUBSEQUENT MILK-PRODUCTION; HOLSTEIN HEIFERS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; PUBERTAL HEIFERS; DAIRY HEIFERS; GROWTH; LEVEL; WEIGHT; ENERGY AB Prior to puberty, elevated nutrient intake has been shown to negatively affect prepubertal mammary development in the heifer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased nutrient intake on mammary development in Holstein heifers at multiple body weights from birth through puberty. Specifically, this study evaluated the effects of nutrient intake and body weight at harvest on 1) total weight and DNA content of the parenchyma (PAR) and mammary fat pad (MFP) and 2) PAR and MFP composition. Starting at 45 kg of body weight, heifers (n = 78) were assigned to either a restricted (R) or elevated (E) level of nutrient intake supporting 650 (R) or 950 (E) g/d of body weight gain. Heifers were harvested at 50-kg increments from 100 to 350 kg of body weight. Mammary fat pad weight and DNA content were greater in E- than in R-heifers. Additionally, E- heifers had a greater fraction of lipids and a smaller fraction of protein in their MFP than did R-heifers. Parenchyma weight and DNA were lower in E- than in R-heifers; however, when analyzed with age as a covariate term, treatment was no longer a significant term in the model. Level of nutrient intake had no effect on the lipid, protein, or hydroxyproline composition of the PAR. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PAR is refractory to the level of nutrient intake whereas MFP is not. Furthermore, the covariate analysis demonstrated that age at harvest, not the level of nutrient intake, was the single greatest determinant of total PAR DNA content. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Amburgh, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM mev1@cornell.edu NR 22 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 89 IS 11 BP 4289 EP 4297 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 093IK UT WOS:000241161800022 PM 17033016 ER PT J AU Meyer, MJ Capuco, AV Ross, DA Lintault, LM Van Amburgh, ME AF Meyer, M. J. Capuco, A. V. Ross, D. A. Lintault, L. M. Van Amburgh, M. E. TI Developmental and nutritional regulation of the prepubertal bovine mammary gland: II. Epithelial cell proliferation, parenchymal accretion rate, and allometric growth SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heifer; mammary development; allometric growth ID HOLSTEIN HEIFERS; LEPTIN; DAIRY; HORMONE; CATTLE AB It is well documented that elevated nutrient intake prior to puberty reduces prepubertal mammary development in the bovine. The companion paper demonstrated that age at harvest is a primary determinant of parenchymal (PAR) mass and that any effects of elevated energy intake on mechanisms regulating mammary development are dwarfed by this effect of time. Therefore, it is hypothesized that while causing a decrease in prepubertal PAR mass, elevated nutrient intake will have no effect on growth characteristics of the mammary gland. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of increased nutrient intake from early in life on 1) mammary epithelial cell proliferation, 2) mammary PAR DNA accretion rates, and 3) the dynamics of prepubertal allometric PAR growth. Holstein heifers (n = 78) were fed from 45 kg of body weight either elevated (E) or restricted (R) levels of nutrients to support 950 (E) or 650 (R) g/d of body weight gain. Six heifers per treatment were harvested at 50- kg increments from 100 to 350 kg of body weight. Heifers on the E plane of nutrition had higher plasma leptin and less PAR DNA than their body weight-matched R- intake cohorts. Despite this reduction in PAR DNA, treatment did not negatively influence mammary epithelial cell proliferation or the PAR DNA accretion rate. Dynamics of allometric and isometric mammary growth were also unaffected by the level of nutrient intake, as was exit from allometric growth. This work represents the first demonstrating that the level of nutrient intake and the concomitant increase in plasma leptin have no measurable influence on 1) the rate of PAR DNA accretion, 2) mammary epithelial cell proliferation, or 3) total PAR mass and, by default, the local or systemic controls that coordinate these processes. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine FUnct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Amburgh, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM mev1@cornell.edu NR 24 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 89 IS 11 BP 4298 EP 4304 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 093IK UT WOS:000241161800023 PM 17033017 ER PT J AU Chao, XB Jia, YF Cooper, CM Shields, FD Wang, SSY AF Chao, Xiaobo Jia, Yafei Cooper, Charles M. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Wang, Sam S. Y. TI Development and application of a phosphorus model for a shallow oxbow lake SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; numerical models; lakes; sediment ID PHOSPHATE RELEASE; OVERLYING WATER; SEDIMENTS; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; OXYGEN AB A three-dimensional numerical model was developed for simulating the phosphor-us concentration in shallow lakes. In this model, the computational domain was divided into two parts: the water column and the bed sediment layer. The processes of mineralization, settling, adsorption, desorption, bed release (diffusion), growth, and death of phytoplankton were taken into account, and the concentration of organic phosphorus, phosphate, and related water quality constituents was simulated. The concentrations of adsorbed (particulate) and dissolved phosphate due to adsorption-desorption were calculated using two formulas derived based on the Langmuir equation. The release rate of phosphorus from the bed sediment layer was calculated by considering the effects of the concentration gradient across the water-sediment interface, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and flow conditions. The adsorption and desorption of phosphate from sediment particles, as well as its release from bed sediment, were verified using laboratory experimental data. The model was calibrated and applied to Deep Hollow Lake in the Mississippi alluvial plain. The simulated trends and magnitudes of phosphorus concentration were compared with field observations. The simulation results show that there are strong interactions between sediment-related processes and phosphorus concentration. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Chao, XB (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, Carrier Hall 102, University, MS 38677 USA. EM chao@ncche.olemiss.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 11 BP 1498 EP 1507 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:1](1498) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099EA UT WOS:000241574100012 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Watts, DW AF Novak, J. M. Watts, D. W. TI Phosphorus sorption by sediments in a southeastern coastal plain in-stream wetland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; RETENTION CAPACITY; ORGANIC-CARBON; ANDO SOILS; IRON; PYROPHOSPHATE; DITHIONITE; ALUMINUM; OXALATE AB A close relationship has been reported between sediment organic C (SedOC) content and its P sorption capacity (P-max) and total P (TP) concentration. Phosphorus sorbed to organically complexed cations is a proposed explanation for this relationship. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine relationships between in-stream wetland SedOC content and both the sediment's P-max and TP concentrations, and (ii) to ascertain the role of both organically complexed and oxalate-extractable cations on the sediment P-max and TP values. The sediment's oxalate-extractable Fe (Fe-OX) and Al (Al-OX) contents were determined using acidified ammonium oxalate, while sodium pyrophosphate was used to extract organically complexed cations (Al-pyro, Ca-pyro, Fe-pyro, Mg-pyro and Mn-pyro). Both the sediment's P-max and TP contents were strongly correlated with its SedOC concentration (r(2) > 0.90, P < 0.001). Only the Al-OX contents were significantly correlated with TP and P-max suggesting that amorphous All forms have an important role in P sorption. All five pyrophosphate-extracted cations were significantly correlated with SedOC contents. Regression analyses showed that the Al-pyro accounted for 88% of the variation in sediment P-max values, whereas a combination of Al-pyro and Ca-pyro accounted for 98% of the variation in sediment TP concentrations. Additionally, Al and Ca chelated by SedOC compounds also have an important role in P binding and indicate that a linkage exists between the wetlands SedOC and P-max content and its ability to accumulate TP. This study identified that two different mechanisms have significant roles in regulating P sorption by sediments in a southeastern Coastal Plain in-stream wetland. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM novak@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1975 EP 1982 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0077 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300002 PM 17071865 ER PT J AU Adviento-Borbe, MAA Doran, JW Drijber, RA Dobermann, A AF Adviento-Borbe, M. A. A. Doran, J. W. Drijber, R. A. Dobermann, A. TI Soil electrical conductivity and water content affect nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions in intensively managed soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR SOLUTES; ORGANIC-MATTER; N2O EMISSIONS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; MINERALIZATION; SALINITY; RELEASE; STRESS AB Accumulation of soluble salts resulting from fertilizer N may affect microbial production of N2O and CO2 in soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of electrical conductivity (EC) and water content on N2O and CO2 production in five soils under intensive cropping. Surface soils from maize fields were washed, repacked and brought to 60% or 90% water-filled pore space (WFPS). Salt mixtures were added to achieve an initial in situ soil EC of 0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 dS m(-1). The soil cores were incubated at 25 degrees C for 10 d. Average CO2 production decreased with increasing EC at both soil water contents, indicating a general reduction in microbial respiration with increasing EC. Average cumulative N2O production at 60% WFPS decreased from 2.0 mg N2O-N m(-2) at an initial EC of 0.5 dS m(-1) to 0.86 mg N2O-N m(-2) at 2.0 dS m(-1). At 90% WFPS, N2O production was 2 to 40 times greater than that at 60% WFPS and maximum N2O losses occurred at the highest EC level of 2.0 dS m(-1) Differences in the magnitude of gas emissions at varying WFPS were due to available substrate N and the predominance of nitrification under aerobic conditions (60% WFPS) and denitrification when oxygen was limited (90% WFPS). Differences in gas emissions at varying soil EC may be due to changes in mechanisms of adjustment to salt stress and ion toxicities by microbial communities. Direct effects of EC on microbial respiration and N2O emissions need to be accounted for in ecosystems models for predicting soil greenhouse gas emissions. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68586 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dobermann, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, POB 830915, Lincoln, NE 68586 USA. EM adobermann2@unl.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 50 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1999 EP 2010 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0109 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300005 PM 17071868 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Lauer, D AF Sharratt, B. S. Lauer, D. TI Particulate matter concentration and air quality affected by windblown dust in the Columbia Plateau SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The USEPA has proposed to regulate PMcoarse (particulate matter 2.5 to 10 mu m in diameter). Exceedance of the proposed National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PMcoarse is expected within the Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest United States based on the high frequency of dust storms and the large contribution of crustal material to fugitive dust in the region. The objective of this study was to explore the implication of the proposed NAAQS for PMcoarse on air quality. Concurrent observations of both PM10 (particulate matter <= 10 mu m in diameter) and PMfine (particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in diameter) were made at Kennewick, WA from 1999 through 2005. Daily PMcourse concentration was determined as the difference between PM10 and PMfine concentrations. The number of exceedances of the proposed USEPA NAAQS for PMfine, was determined for various levels of the standard (the proposed daily level is 70 mu g m(-3)). Over the 7 yr of this study, the PM10 standard was exceeded on 16 d with PMfine constituting 4 to 7% of PM10. The proposed PMcoarse standard would have been exceeded on 35 d and represents a 120% increase in the number of exceedances over the current PM10 standard. Changing the level of the proposed PMcoarse standard to that of the current PM10 standard (150 mu g m(-3)) would result in a 20% decrease in the number of exceedances of the PM standard. The results of this study suggest that the proposed NAAQS for PMfine and PMcoarse will be exceeded more frequently than the current PMfine and PM10 standard in a region subject to seasonal dust storms. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sharratt@wsu.edu NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2011 EP 2016 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0212 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300006 PM 17071869 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Bradford, SA Zheng, W Yates, SR AF Wang, Q. -Q. Bradford, S. A. Zheng, W. Yates, S. R. TI Sulfadimethoxine degradation kinetics in manure as affected by initial concentration, moisture, and temperature SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; LIQUID MANURE; SOIL; WATER; OXYTETRACYCLINE; TETRACYCLINE; SORPTION; TYLOSIN; BIODEGRADATION AB Sulfadimethoxine is a widely used sulfonamide veterinary antibiotic and could be a source of agricultural contamination. Therefore, information is needed about its degradation kinetics in manure under aerobic conditions. Based on the analysis of first-order kinetics and the assumption that sulfadimethoxine availability for degradation in manure could be limiting, a new kinetic model was developed and was found to fit the degradation kinetics well. The degradation rate in sterile manure was found to be much lower than in nonsterile manure, indicating that biodegradation was significant. In biologically active manure, the degradation rate constant decreased with increasing initial concentration of sulfadimethoxine, implying that the activity of the degrading microorganisms was inhibited. Increasing moisture or temperature was found to increase sulfadimethoxine degradation in manure. Mixing manure containing high levels of sulfadimethoxine with manure containing lower levels may result in more rapid degradation, thus greatly diminishing sulfadimethoxine contamination in manure and significantly reducing sulfadimethoxine inputs into the environment. During treatment, keeping the manure moist and storing in a moderately warm place under aerobic conditions may also help to diminish sulfadimetboxine contantination. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Delaware State Univ, Dept Chem, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2162 EP 2169 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0178 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300022 PM 17071885 ER PT J AU Butler, DM Franklin, DH Ranells, NN Poore, MH Green, JT AF Butler, David M. Franklin, Dorcas H. Ranells, Noah N. Poore, Matthew H. Green, James T., Jr. TI Ground cover impacts on sediment and phosphorus export from manured riparian pasture SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION RATES; WATER-QUALITY; RUNOFF; SOIL; VEGETATION; NUTRIENT; PLOTS; PERSISTENCE; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN AB Maintaining pasture ground cover is important in preventing environmental degradation of grasslands and associated riparian areas. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of ground cover on sediment and P export from pastured riparian areas under simulated rainfall events. Plots were established on two sites in the North Carolina Piedmont: a 10% slope with Appling sandy loam soils (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) and a 20% slope with Wedowee sandy loam soils (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults), both with mixed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) vegetation. Existing forage stands were modified to represent a range of ground cover levels: 0, 45, 70, and 95% (bare ground, low, medium, and high cover, respectively), and amended with beef steer (Bos taurus) feces and urine (about 10 kg P ha(-1)). Mean runoff volume from bare ground was generally twice that observed from low, medium, and high levels of cover, which were similar. For all rainfall events combined, export of dissolved reactive P was greatest (P < 0.1) at bare ground and was reduced 31% at low cover, which did not differ from medium or high cover. Mean total Kjeldahl P export was greater (P < 0.001) from bare ground than from other cover levels. Results indicate that riparian bare areas can contribute substantial sediment (> 215 kg ha(-1)) and P (0.7 kg P ha(-1)) to surface waters during heavy rainfall, whereas export may be reduced equally well by low cover (45%) as by high cover. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Franklin, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dfrankln@uga.edu NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2178 EP 2185 DI 10.2134/ieq2005.0351 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300024 PM 17071887 ER PT J AU Shipitalo, MJ Owens, LB AF Shipitalo, Martin J. Owens, Lloyd B. TI Tillage system, application rate, and extreme event effects on herbicide losses in surface runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL-EROSION; WATER; PESTICIDES; STORMS AB Conservation tillage can reduce soil loss; however, the residual herbicides normally used to control weeds are often detected in surface runoff at high levels, particularly if runoff-producing storms occur shortly after application. Therefore, we measured losses of alachlor, atrazine, linuron, and metribuzin from seven small (0.45-0.79-ha) watersheds for 9 yr (1993-2001) to investigate whether a reduced-input system for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production with light disking, cultivation, and half-rate herbicide applications could reduce losses compared with chisel and no-till. As a percentage of application, annual losses were highest for all herbicides for no-till and similar for chisel and reduced-input. Atrazine was the most frequently detected herbicide and yearly flow-weighted concentrations exceeded the drinking water standard of 3 mu g L-1 in 20 out of 27 watershed years that it was applied. Averaged for 9 corn yr, yearly flow-weighted atrazine concentrations were 26.3, 9.6, and 8.3 mu g L-1 for no-till, chisel, and reduced-input, respectively. Similarly, flow-weighted concentrations of alachlor exceeded the drinking water standard of 2 mu g L-1 in 23 out of 54 application years and in all treatments. Thus, while banding and half-rate applications as part of a reduced-input management practice reduced herbicide loss, concentrations of some herbicides may still be a concern. For all watersheds, 60 to 99% of herbicide loss was due to the five largest transport events during the 9-yr period. Thus, regardless of tillage practice, a small number of runoff events, usually shortly after herbicide application, dominated herbicide transport. C1 USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Shipitalo, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM martin@coshocton.ars.usda.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2186 EP 2194 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0476 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300025 PM 17071888 ER PT J AU Elliott, HA Brandt, RC Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Beegle, DB AF Elliott, H. A. Brandt, R. C. Kleinman, P. J. A. Sharpley, A. N. Beegle, D. B. TI Estimating source coefficients for phosphorus site indices SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; MANURE; BIOSOLIDS; SOILS; LOSSES AB Phosphorus release to runoff varies widely for different land-applied organic P sources even when spread at equivalent total P rates. To address this variability, some P site indices include tabulated P source coefficients (PSCs) for differential weighting of applied P materials based on their runoff enrichment potential. Because runoff P can vary widely even within source categories depending on composition, storage, and treatment differences, this study explored a method for estimating PSCs based on the water-extractable P (WEP) content of the applied amendment. Using seven published rainfall-runoff studies that followed National Phosphorus Research Project protocols, runoff dissolved P (RDP) was correlated (r(2) = 0.80) with WEP for multiple surface-applied manures and biosolids. Assuming amendments with WEP >= 10 g kg(-1) behave as highly soluble P sources and have a maximum PSC of 1.0, an empirical equation was developed for computing source-specific PSCs from laboratory-determined WEP values [PSC = 0.102 x WEP(0.99)]. For two independent runoff experiments, correlations between RDP loss and P source loading rate were improved when loading rates were multiplied by the computed (r(2) = 0.73-0.86) versus generic (r(2) = 0.454.48) PSCs. Source-specific PSCs should enhance the ability of assessment tools to identify vulnerable sites and P loss management alternatives, although the exact inclusion process depends on index scaling and conceptual framework. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Elliott, HA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hae1@psu.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2195 EP 2201 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0014 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300026 PM 17071889 ER PT J AU Shigaki, F Sharpley, A Prochnow, LI AF Shigaki, Francirose Sharpley, Andrew Prochnow, Luis Ignacio TI Source-related transport of phosphorus in surface runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE ROCK; MANURE; SOILS; FERTILIZER; RAINFALL; DRAINAGE; RELEASE AB Continual application of mineral fertilizer and manures to meet crop production goals has resulted in the buildup of soil P concentrations in many areas. A rainfall simulation study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the application of P sources differing in water-soluble P (WSP) concentration on P transport in runoff from two grassed and one no-till soil (2 m(2) plots). Triple superphosphate (TSP)-79% WSP, low-grade single superphosphate (LGSSP)-50% WSP, North Carolina rock phosphate (NCRP)-0.5% WSP, and swine manure (SM)-30% WSP, were broadcast (100 kg total P ha(-1)) and simulated rainfall (50 mm h(-1) for 30 min of runoff) applied 1, 7, 21, and 42 d after P source application. In the first rainfall event one d after fertilizer application, dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) concentrations of runoff increased (P < 0.05) for all soils with an increase of source WSP; with DRP averaging 0.27, 0.50, 14.66, 41.69, and 90.47 mg L-1; and total P averaging 0.34, 0.61, 19.05, 43.10, and 98.06 mg L-1 for the control, NCRP, SM, LGSSP, and TSP, respectively. The loss of P in runoff decreased with time for TSP and SM, such that after 42 d, losses from TSP, SM, and LGSSP did not differ. These results support that P water solubility in P sources may be considered as an indicator of P loss potential. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dep Ciencia Solo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Andrew.sharpley@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2229 EP 2235 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0112 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300030 PM 17071893 ER PT J AU Davis, JG Truman, CC Kim, SC Ascough, JC Carlson, K AF Davis, J. G. Truman, C. C. Kim, S. C. Ascough, J. C., II Carlson, K. TI Antibiotic transport via runoff and soil loss SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS; SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; RAINFALL INTENSITY; COASTAL-PLAIN; CLAY SOIL AB Research has verified the occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in manure, agricultural fields, and surface water bodies, yet little research has evaluated antibiotic runoff from agricultural fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for agricultural runoff to contribute antibiotics to surface water bodies in a worst-case scenario. Our hypothesis was that there would be significant differences in antibiotic concentrations, partitioning of losses between runoff and sediment, and pseudo-partitioning coefficients (ratio of sediment concentration to runoff concentration) among antibiotics. An antibiotic solution including tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamethazine (SMZ), erythromycin (ERY), tylosin (TYL), and monensin (MNS) was sprayed on the soil surface I h before rainfall simulation (average intensity = 60 mm h(-1) for I h). Runoff samples were collected continuously and analyzed for aqueous and sediment antibiotic concentrations. MNS had the highest concentration in runoff, resulting in the highest absolute loss, although the amount of loss associated with sediment transport was < 10%. ERY had the highest concentrations in sediment and had a relative loss associated with sediment > 50%. TYL also had > 50% relative loss associated with sediment, and its pseudo-partitioning coefficient (P-PC) was very high. The tetracyclines (TC and CTC) had very low aqueous concentrations and had the lowest absolute losses. If agricultural runoff is proven to result in development of resistance genes or toxicity to aquatic organisms, then erosion control practices could be used to reduce TC, ERY, and TYL losses leaving agricultural fields. Other methods will be needed to reduce transport of other antibiotics. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Davis, JG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jessica.davis@colostate.edu RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 59 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 48 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2250 EP 2260 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0348 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300033 PM 17071896 ER PT J AU Sigual, GC Kang, WJ Coleman, SW AF Sigual, Gilbert C. Kang, Woo-Jun Coleman, Sam W. TI Soil profile distribution of phosphorus and other nutrients following wetland conversion to beef cattle pasture SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEFORESTATION; FLORIDA; SEDIMENTS; WATER; LAND; EXCHANGE AB Largely influenced by the passage of the Swamp Land Act of 1849, many wetlands were lost in the coastal plain region of the southeastern United States, primarily as a result of drainage for agricultural activities. To better understand the chemical response of soils during wetland conversion, soil core samples were collected from the converted beef cattle pastures and from the natural wetland at Plant City, FL in the summers of 2002 and 2003. Data collected from the natural wetland sites were used as reference data to detect potential changes in soil properties associated with the conversion of wetlands to improved beef cattle (Bos taurus) pastures from 1940 to 2003. The average concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in pasture soils (284 mg kg(-1)) was significantly (p <= 0.001) lower than its levels in natural wetland soils (688 mg kg(-1)). Compared with the adjoining natural wetlands, the beef cattle pasture soils, 63 yr after being drained exhibited: (1) a decrease in TOC (-172 g kg(-1)), TN (-10 g kg(-1)), K (-0.7 mg kg(-1)), and Al (-130 mg kg(-1)); (2) an increase in soil pH (+1.8), Ca (+88 mg kg(-1)), Mg (+7.5 ing kg-'), Mn (+0.3 mg kg-'), and Fe (+6.9 mg kg(-1)); and (3) no significant change in Na, Zn, and Cu. Wetland soils had higher concentrations (mg kg(-1)) of Al-P (435), CaMg-P (42), FeMn-P (43), and Org-P (162) than those of 172, 11, 11, and 84 mg kg(-1) respectively, found in the pasture soils. The levels of water-soluble P and KCIbound P were comparable between wetland and pasture soils in 2003. Results of this study therefore suggest that wetland conversion to beef cattle pastures did not function as a source of nutrients, especially P and N, even with manure and urine additions due to the presence of grazing cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Sigual, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu NR 45 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2374 EP 2382 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0092 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300045 PM 17071908 ER PT J AU Miller, DN Woodbury, BL AF Miller, Daniel N. Woodbury, Bryan L. TI A solid-phase microextraction chamber method for analysis of manure volatiles SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ODOROUS COMPOUNDS; SWINE MANURE; FATTY-ACIDS; BIOCHEMICAL-ORIGINS; LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS; IN-VITRO; EMISSIONS; CATTLE; WASTE AB Odors from livestock operations are a complex mixture of volatile carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Currently, detailed volatiles analysis is both time consuming and requires specialized equipment and methods. This work describes a new method that utilizes a dynamic flux chamber, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to describe and compare the odorous compounds emitted from cattle and swine feces. Evaluation of method parameters produced a protocol for comparing relative emissions based on fixed sample temperature (20 degrees C) and exposed surface area (approximately 523 cm(2)), air flow rates (I L min(-1) or 16 cm s(-1)), SPME exposure time (5 min), and chamber cleaning procedures (70% ethanol rinse and drying for 30 min at 105 degrees C) to minimize cross-contamination between samples. A variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including alcohols, volatile fatty adds, aromatic ring compounds, ketones, esters, and sulfides were routinely detected and the relative emissions from fresh and incubated (37 degrees C overnight) swine and cattle feces were compared as a measure of potential to produce odorants during manure storage. Differences in the types and relative quantities of volatiles emitted were detected when animal species (cattle or swine), diet, fecal incubation, or sample storage conditions (20, 4, or -20 degrees C) were varied. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Miller, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, 121 Keim Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dmiller15@unl.edu OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 2383 EP 2394 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0065 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106XM UT WOS:000242135300046 PM 17071909 ER PT J AU Herman, EM Rotter, K Premakumar, R Elwinger, G Bae, R Ehler-King, L Chen, SX Livingston, DP AF Herman, Eliot M. Rotter, Kelsi Premakumar, Ramaswamy Elwinger, G. Bae, Rino Ehler-King, Linda Chen, Sixue Livingston, David P., III TI Additional freeze hardiness in wheat acquired by exposure to-3 degrees C is associated with extensive physiological, morphological, and molecular changes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE aquaporin; cold acclimation; DNA array; electron microscopy; freeze hardiness; proteome; proteomics; transcriptome; wheat ID WINTER RYE LEAVES; COLD RESPONSE PATHWAY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SUBZERO TEMPERATURES; APOPLASTIC WATER; OAT CROWNS; 2ND PHASE AB Cold-acclimated plants acquire an additional 3-5 degrees C increase in freezing tolerance when exposed to -3 degrees C for 12-18 h before a freezing test (LT50) is applied. The -3 degrees C treatment replicates soil freezing that can occur in the days or weeks leading to overwintering by freezing-tolerant plants. This additional freezing tolerance is called subzero acclimation (SZA) to differentiate it from cold acclimation (CA) that is acquired at above-freezing temperatures. Using wheat as a model, results have been obtained indicating that SZA is accompanied by changes in physiology, cellular structure, the transcriptome, and the proteome. Using a variety of assays, including DNA arrays, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 2D gels with mass spectroscopic identification of proteins, and electron microscopy, changes were observed to occur as a consequence of SZA and the acquisition of added freezing tolerance. In contrast to CA, SZA induced the movement of intracellular water to the extracellular space. Many unknown and stress-related genes were upregulated by SZA including some with obvious roles in SZA. Many genes related to photosynthesis and plastids were downregulated. Changes resulting from SZA often appeared to be a loss of rather than an appearance of new proteins. From a cytological perspective, SZA resulted in alterations of organelle structure including the Golgi. The results indicate that the enhanced freezing tolerance of SZA is correlated with a wide diversity of changes, indicating that the additional freezing tolerance is the result of complex biological processes. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, Proteom Facil, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Herman, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM eherman@danforthcenter.org NR 68 TC 71 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 57 IS 14 BP 3601 EP 3618 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl111 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108WP UT WOS:000242270200007 PM 16968883 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME DeRidder, BP Portis, AR AF Salvucci, Michael E. DeRidder, Benjamin P. Portis, Archie R., Jr. TI Effect of activase level and isoform on the thermotolerance of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon metabolism; heat stress; photosynthesis; Rubisco; temperature stress ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE RUBISCO; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-STRESS; OXYGENASE ACTIVATION; LEAF TEMPERATURE; ANTISENSE RNA; PIMA COTTON; INHIBITION; PLANTS; LIGHT AB Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activation decreases under moderate heat stress. This decrease is caused by an impairment of activase function, which is exacerbated by faster rates of Rubisco deactivation at elevated temperatures. To determine if stromal oxidation causes inhibition of activase, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing suboptimal amounts of either the redox-regulated 46 kDa alpha- or non-redox regulated 43 kDa beta-isoform of activase were examined. Photosynthesis, as measured by gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, and Rubisco activation were inhibited to a much greater extent by moderately high temperatures in the two transgenic lines expressing suboptimal levels of the individual isoforms of activase compared with wild-type plants or transgenic plants expressing levels of the beta-isoform sufficient for wild-type rates of photosynthesis. Net photosynthesis and Rubisco activation in transgenic plants expressing suboptimal amounts of the beta-isoform of activase from the Antarctic hairgrass were even more sensitive to inhibition by moderate heat stress than in the transgenic plants containing Arabidopsis activase. The results demonstrate that photosynthesis exhibits a similar sensitivity to inhibition by moderately high temperature in plants expressing either of the two different isoforms of activase. Thus, impairment of activase function under heat stress is not caused by oxidation of the redox-sensitive sulphydryls of the alpha-isoform of activase. Instead, the results are consistent with thermal denaturation of activase under moderate heat stress, the effects of which on Rubisco activation would be enhanced when activase levels are suboptimal for photosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM msalvucci@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 57 IS 14 BP 3793 EP 3799 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl140 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108WP UT WOS:000242270200025 PM 16997900 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Arias, CR Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Zhang, Y. Arias, C. R. Shoemaker, C. A. Klesius, P. H. TI Comparison of lipopolysaccharide and protein profiles between Flavobacterium columnare strains from different genomovars SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; genomovars; lipopolysaccharide; modified live vaccine; virulence; whole protein profiles ID CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; RIFAMPICIN RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WBOA GENE; VIRULENCE; FISH; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS AB Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and total protein profiles from four Flavobacterium columnare isolates were compar. These strains belonged to genetically different groups and/or presented distinct virulence properties. Flavobacterium columnare isolates ALG-00-530 and ARS-1 are highly virulent strains that belong to different genomovars while F. columnare FC-RR is an attenuated mutant used as a live vaccine against E columnare. Strain ALG-03-063 is included in the same genomovar group as FC-RR and presents a similar genomic fingerprint. Electrophoresis of LPS showed qualitative differences among the four strains. Further analysis of LPS by immunoblotting revealed that the avirulent mutant lacks the higher molecular bands in the LPS. Total protein analysis displayed by immunoblotting showed differences between the strains analysed although common bands were present in all the isolates. FC-RR lacked two distinct common bands (34 and 33 kDa) shared by the other three isolates. Based on the difference of LPS and total protein profiles, it is possible to discriminate the attenuated mutant FC-RR from other F. columnare strains. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Arias, CR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ariascr@acesag.auburn.edu NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 29 IS 11 BP 657 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00760.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 102GO UT WOS:000241799200003 PM 17169112 ER PT J AU Saif, SMH Lan, Y Williams, LL Joshee, L Wang, S AF Saif, SMH Lan, Y Williams, LL Joshee, L Wang, S TI Reduction of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on goat meat surface with pulsed dc square wave signal SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference of CIGR Section 6 CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Bejing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Commission Agr Engn DE food safety; meat; E. coli O157 : H7; electricity; electrolyte solution ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BEEF SURFACES; MICROORGANISMS; CONTAMINATION; INACTIVATION; WATER; FIELD; ACID AB Pulsed dc square wave electric signal was applied to goat meat samples, inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the surface, covered with a thin film of 0.15 M sodium chloride solution. Experiments were conducted with 10, 20 and 30 mA/cm(2) current intensities for 2, 8 and 32 min of treatment durations. Effects of 100, 1 k and 10 kHz frequency signals were tested for the survival of E. coli with 20 mA/cm(2) and 80% duty cycles. Three duty cycles of 30, 50 and 80% at I kHz frequency and 20 mA/cm2 were applied to test the inactivation rate of E coli. The results indicated that all three intensities of current effectively inactivated E coli cells at treatment duration of 32 min. Eight log(10) reductions per ml of E coli cells were achieved. A decrease in treatment duration decreased log(10) reduction of E coli. Frequencies of 1 kHz or more and duty cycles of 50% or more accelerated the inactivation of E coli cells at 20 mA/cm(2) current. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. TIT, Mech Technol, Scarborough, ON M1E 2R4, Canada. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Div Basic Med Sci, Macon, GA 31207 USA. Jilin Univ, Coll Biol & Agr Engn, Changchun, Peoples R China. RP Lan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM ylan@sparc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.06.031 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 059ZK UT WOS:000238770500011 ER PT J AU Eblen, DR Barlow, KE Naugle, AL AF Eblen, Denise R. Barlow, Kristina E. Naugle, Alecia Larew TI US Food Safety and Inspection Service testing for Salmonella in selected raw meat and poultry products in the United States, 1998 through 2003: An establishment-level analysis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PREVALENCE; SLAUGHTERHOUSES; O157-H7; CATTLE; SPP. AB The U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) pathogen reduction-hazard analysis critical control point systems final rule, published in 1996, established Salmonella performance standards for broiler chicken, cow and bull, market hog, and steer and heifer carcasses and for ground beef, chicken, and turkey meat. In 1998, the FSIS began testing to verify that establishments are meeting performance standards. Samples are collected in sets in which the number of samples is defined but varies according to product class. A sample set fails when the number of positive Salmonella samples exceeds the maximum number of positive samples allowed under the performance standard. Salmonella sample sets collected at 1,584 establishments from 1998 through 2003 were examined to identify factors associated with failure of one or more sets. Overall, 1,282 (80.9%) of establishments never had failed sets. In establishments that did experience set failure(s), generally the failed sets were collected early in the establishment testing history, with the exception of broiler establishments where failure(s) occurred both early and late in the course of testing. Small establishments were more likely to have experienced a set failure than were large or very small establishments, and broiler establishments were more likely to have failed than were ground beef, market hog, or steer-heifer establishments. Agency response to failed Salmonella sample sets in the form of in-depth verification reviews and related establishment-initiated corrective actions have likely contributed to declines in the number of establishments that failed sets. A focus on food safety measures in small establishments and broiler processing establishments should further reduce the number of sample sets that fail to meet the Salmonella performance standard. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Barlow, KE (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM kristina.barlow@fsis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2600 EP 2606 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 107FY UT WOS:000242157300006 PM 17133802 ER PT J AU Naugle, AL Barlow, KE Eblen, DR Teter, V Umholtz, R AF Naugle, Alecia Larew Barlow, Kristina E. Eblen, Denise R. Teter, Vanessa Umholtz, Robert TI US Food Safety and Inspection Service testing for Salmonella in selected raw meat and poultry products in the United States, 1998 through 2003: Analysis of set results SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING PLANTS; SLAUGHTERHOUSES; SEROTYPES AB The U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) tests sets of samples of selected raw meat and poultry products for Salmonella to ensure that federally inspected establishments meet performance standards defined in the pathogen reduction-hazard analysis and critical control point system (PR-HACCP) final rule. In the present report, sample set results are described and associations between set failure and set and establishment characteristics are identified for 4,607 sample sets collected from 1998 through 2003. Sample sets were obtained from seven product classes: broiler chicken carcasses (n = 1,010), cow and bull carcasses (n = 240), market hog carcasses (n = 560), steer and heifer carcasses (n = 123), ground beef (n = 2,527), ground chicken (n = 31), and ground turkey (n = 116). Of these 4,607 sample sets, 92% (4,255) were collected as part of random testing efforts (A sets), and 93% (4,166) passed. However, the percentage of positive samples relative to the maximum number of positive results allowable in a set increased over time for broilers but decreased or stayed the same for the other product classes. Three factors associated with set failure were identified: establishment size, product class, and year. Set failures were more likely early in the testing program (relative to 2003). Small and very small establishments were more likely to fail than large ones. Set failure was less likely in ground beef than in other product classes. Despite an overall decline in set failures through 2003, these results highlight the need for continued vigilance to reduce Salmonella contamination in broiler chicken and continued implementation of programs designed to assist small and very small establishments with PR-HACCP compliance issues. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Program Evaluat Enforcement & Review, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Naugle, AL (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM alecia.naugle@fsis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2607 EP 2614 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 107FY UT WOS:000242157300007 PM 17133803 ER PT J AU Faith, NG Peterson, LD Luchansky, JB Czuprynski, CJ AF Faith, Nancy G. Peterson, Luke D. Luchansky, John B. Czuprynski, Charles J. TI Intragastric inoculation with a cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes strains does not potentiate the severity of infection in A/J mice compared to inoculation with the individual strains comprising the cocktail SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CAUSE SYSTEMIC INFECTION; PROCESSED MEAT-PRODUCTS; REFRIGERATED STORAGE; 5-STRAIN MIXTURE; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; FRANKFURTERS; VIRULENCE; PACKAGES; HUMANS AB Although multistrain cocktails of Listeria monocytogenes are used in food inoculation experiments, no studies, to our knowledge, have been reported that use these cocktails in an intragastric mouse model. In this study, we used a five-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail consisting of strains Scott A, MFS108, 101M, V7, and 310 and a four-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail containing strains Scott A, EGD, H7738, and F2365. Here, we report that intragastric inoculation of anesthetized mice with approximately 10(6) CFU of a cocktail of L. monocytogenes strains does not result (P > 0.05) in a more severe infection (on the basis of the CFU of Listeria spp. recovered from the spleen, liver, and blood) than inoculation of mice with similar numbers of the individual strains comprising the cocktail. Nor did we observe any consistent relationship between susceptibility of L. monocytogenes strains to inactivation in synthetic gastric fluid in vitro and virulence in mice. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Czuprynski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM czuprync@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [T32 RR017503] NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2664 EP 2670 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 107FY UT WOS:000242157300013 PM 17133809 ER PT J AU Bayles, DO Uhlich, GA AF Bayles, Darrell O. Uhlich, Gaylen A. TI Inactivation of the Crp/Fnr family of regulatory genes in Listeria monocytogenes strain F2365 does not alter its heat resistance at 60 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB A surprising facet of the Listeria monocytogenes genome is the presence of 15 genes that code for regulators in the Crp/Fnr family and include the virulence regulator PrfA. The genes under the transcriptional control of these regulators are currently undetermined, with the exception of some genes controlled by the major virulence regulator PrfA. Using 12 strains of L. monocytogenes, each with an inserted gene cassette that interrupts and renders nonfunctional a different L. monocytogenes strain F2365 Crp/Fnr regulator, we heat challenged each strain at 60 C with an immersed-coil heating apparatus, modeled the survivor data to calculate the underlying mean and mode of the heat resistance distribution for each strain, and compared the thermal tolerance of each mutant to the wild-type strain to determine if any of the Crp/Fnr mutants demonstrated altered heat tolerance. All 12 of the Crp/Fnr mutant strains tested had heat resistance characteristics similar to the wild-type strain (P > 0.05), indicating that mutations in these Crp/Fnr genes neither increased nor decreased the sensitivity of L. monocytogenes strain F2365 to mild heat. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bayles, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dbayles@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2758 EP 2760 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 107FY UT WOS:000242157300027 PM 17133823 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, Chris M. TI Measurement of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-ART; DEOXYNIVALENOL; TRICHOTHECENES; TRANSMISSION; CEREALS AB T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of common fungi capable of infesting human food and animal feeds. Lower-quality feeds given to chickens may be contaminated with T-2 toxin, which may affect their health. The literature suggests that T-2 toxin is transmitted from the hen to the eggs. This article describes the development of a liquid chromatographic assay for T-2 and the related mycotoxin HT-2 in eggs. T-2 and HT-2 toxins were isolated from spiked eggs with a tandem charcoal-alumina-Florisil column and immunoaffinity column cleanup. The isolated toxins were derivatized with the fluorophore 1-anthroyl nitrile, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and quantitated by fluorescence. The limit of detection of the method was 1 ng ml(-1) (parts per billion) of T-2 and HT-2 in whole (with shell removed) eggs. The limit of quantitation for both toxins was 5 ng ml(-1). Recoveries from spiked eggs over the range from 5 to 50 ng ml(-1) averaged 89.2% for T-2 and 100.3% for HT-2, with coefficients of variation of 3.5 and 8.2%, respectively. This method is sensitive enough to be used to check for the presence of T-2 or HT-(2) toxins in eggs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2773 EP 2776 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 107FY UT WOS:000242157300031 PM 17133827 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT Caudill, AB Curtis, PA AF Jones, Deana R. Musgrove, Michael T. Caudill, A. Brooke Curtis, Patricia A. TI Frequency of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria and Enterobacteriaceae detection in commercially cool water-washed shell eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; MONOCYTOGENES; TEMPERATURES; ENTERITIDIS; SURVIVAL; QUALITY AB The effect of cool water washing on shell egg temperature and pathogen detection was examined. Three temperature schemes were utilized in commercial dual washer systems: (1) HH = 48.9C, 48.9C; (2) HC = 48.9C, 23.9C; and (3) CC = 23.9C, 23.9C. HH eggsmaintainedthe highest surface temperature (26.25C in-line, 20.25C off-line and 23.25C combined, P < 0.05). The lowest temperatures were found in the CC eggs (21.25C in-line, 17.25C off-line and 19.25C combined). The frequency of Enterobacteriaceae detection in shell and membrane emulsions was greatest for the CC eggs (P < 0.05 for in-line and combined). There was no difference in Enterobacteriaceae detection for the off-line facility. Salmonella was detected in three of 384 samples from the in-line facility. They were found in HC (2) and CC (1) shell emulsions. Two of 384 samples were positive for Campylobacter from the in-line facility (CC). Three wash water samples were positive for Listeria in the off-line facility (1 HC, 2 CC). No pathogens were detected in the egg contents during this study. The results of this study indicate that warm followed by cool water washing has the potential of decreasing egg temperature while maintaining surface microbiology at an acceptable level. C1 ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), Russell Res Ctr, Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM drjones@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 264 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2006.00048.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 093SW UT WOS:000241190400002 ER PT J AU Wang, H Feng, H Luo, YG AF Wang, Hua Feng, Hao Luo, Yaguang TI Dual-phasic inactivation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 with peroxyacetic acid, acidic electrolyzed water and chlorine on cantaloupes and fresh-cut apples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; OXIDIZING WATER; REDUCTION; EFFICACY; LETTUCE; DECONTAMINATION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; TEMPERATURES AB The effects of peroxyacetic acid (POAA), acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and chlorine on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut apples and cantaloupe rinds were investigated. Apple cylinders were dip-inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and treated with sterilized water (control), chlorine, AEW or POAA for up to 8 min. Cantaloupe cylinders were spot-inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to the rind and treated with sterilized water, AEW or POAA for up to 15 min. All sanitizer treatments showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher inactivation than the control. The residual counts of E. coli O157:H7 on both fruits exhibited a dual-phasic reduction behavior, with a fast inactivation (D values: 0.8-5.0 min) in the first minute (phase I) of treatments followed by a much slower inactivation (D values: 14.6-59.8 min) in the remaining time (phase II). The dual-phasic inactivation seems to be related to fruit surface topography that determines the bacterial distribution. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM haofeng@uiuc.edu NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 335 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2006.00053.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 093SW UT WOS:000241190400007 ER PT J AU Schirack, AV Drake, MA Sanders, TH Sandeep, KP AF Schirack, A. V. Drake, M. A. Sanders, T. H. Sandeep, K. P. TI Characterization of aroma-active compounds in microwave blanched peanuts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas chromatography-olfactometry; microwave; off-flavor; peanut; threshold ID GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-OLFACTOMETRY; ROASTED PEANUTS; VOLATILE COMPONENTS; IMPACT ODORANTS; CHEDDAR CHEESE; FLAVOR; TEMPERATURE; IDENTIFICATION; PYRAZINES; GUAIACOL AB Microwave blanching of peanuts has been explored as an alternative to conventional oven methods based on its speed of operation, energy savings, and efficiency of process control. Although processing times can be greatly reduced, the occurance of stale/floral and ashy off-flavors has been reported at high process temperatures. This study examined the chemical compounds responsible for this off-flavor using solvent extraction/solvent assist flavor evaporation (SAFE), gas chromotography-olfactometry (GC/O), gas chromotography-mass spectometry (GC/MS), and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Select compounds were quantified based on AEDA results using SAFE and GC/MS. Quantification, threshold testing, and analysis of model systems revealed increased formation of guaiacol and phenylacetaldehyde in the off-flavored peanuts, which resulted in the burnt and stale/floral flavors noted by a trained panal. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mdrake@unity.ncsu.edu NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 71 IS 9 BP C513 EP C520 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00173.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 112OB UT WOS:000242534600006 ER PT J AU Gabel, MM Pan, Z Amaratunga, KSP Harris, LJ Thompson, JF AF Gabel, Michael M. Pan, Zhongli Amaratunga, K. S. P. Harris, Linda J. Thompson, James F. TI Catalytic infrared dehydration of onions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dehydration; drying; infrared; onion; pungency ID HOT-AIR; SLICES; MODEL AB Dehydrated onions are commonly dried with convection heating, which is inefficient and costly. This study compared the drying and quality characteristics of onion dried with catalytic infrared (CIR) heating and forced air convection (FAC) heating. Sliced high-solids onions were dehydrated under 9 conditions: CIR heating with and without air recirculation, and FAC each operated at 60, 70, and 80 degrees C. In general, CIR both with and without air recirculation had higher maximum drying rates, shorter drying times, and greater drying constants than FAC at moisture contents greater than 50% (d.b.) Dried onion quality, measured as pungency degradation, was similar for both the drying methods at 60 and 70 degrees C. The color analysis showed better product color (whiter and less yellow) at lower temperatures for CIR and higher temperatures for FAC. The browning could have been caused by the higher surface heat flux of the CIR heating and longer process times of FAC drying. Aerobic plate counts and coliform counts were not significantly different for either product from the CIR or FAC drying. However, samples dried by the CIR bad significantly lower yeast and mold counts than those dried by the FAC. It is recommended that CIR be used in the early stages of onion drying. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011 OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 71 IS 9 BP E351 EP E357 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00170.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 112OB UT WOS:000242534600013 ER PT J AU Moreno, LI Mills, DK Entry, J Sautter, RT Mathee, K AF Moreno, Lilliana I. Mills, DeEtta K. Entry, James Sautter, Robert T. Mathee, Kalai TI Microbial metagenome profiling using amplicon length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction proves more effective than elemental analysis in discriminating soil specimens SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; soil forensics; microbial forensics; microbial profiling; amplicon length heterogeneity (ALH); soil metagenome; inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy; elemental analysis ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; FORENSIC SOIL; T-RFLP; NORMALIZATION; SEDIMENT; CONTAMINATION; DIVERSITY; SAMPLES AB The combination of soil's ubiquity and its intrinsic abiotic and biotic information can contribute greatly to the forensic field. Although there are physical and chemical characterization methods of soil comparison for forensic purposes, these require a level of expertise not always encountered in crime laboratories. We hypothesized that soil microbial community profiling could be used to discriminate between soil types by providing biological fingerprints that confer uniqueness. Three of the six Miami-Dade soil types were randomly selected and sampled. We compared the microbial metagenome profiles generated using amplicon length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 16S rRNA genes with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analysis of 13 elements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, and Zn) that are commonly encountered in soils. Bray-Curtis similarity index and analysis of similarity were performed on all data to establish differences within sites, among sites, and across two seasons. These data matrices were used to group samples that shared similar community patterns using nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. We concluded that while chemical characterization could provide some differentiation between soils, microbial metagenome profiling was better able to discriminate between the soil types and had a high degree of reproducibility, therefore proving to be a potential tool for forensic soil comparisons. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Int Forens Res Inst, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Mathee, K (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 11200 SW 8th St,HLS419C,Univ Pk Campus, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM kalai.mathee@fiu.edu RI Mills, DeEtta/G-8532-2015 OI Mills, DeEtta/0000-0002-9977-7834 NR 49 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1322 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00264.x PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 116WC UT WOS:000242833300010 PM 17199616 ER PT J AU Bai, J Mattheis, JP Reed, N AF Bai, J. Mattheis, J. P. Reed, N. TI Re-initiating softening ability of 1-methylcyclopropene-treated 'Bartlett' and 'd'Anjou' pears after regular air or controlled atmosphere storage SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-FARNESENE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; APPLE CULTIVARS; ETHYLENE ACTION; 1-MCP; FRUIT; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION; OXIDATION; LIFE AB 'Bartlett' and 'd'Anjou' pears treated with 300 nl 1(-1) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) did not soften to eating quality within 7 d, a desirable ripening period. A pre-conditioning method was evaluated as a means to re-initiate the softening ability of pears prior to marketing. Fruit were treated with 1-MCP and stored at -1 degrees C in regular air, or in a controlled atmosphere for 2 - 9 months. After storage, fruit were pre-conditioned with nine temperature (10 degrees, 15 degrees or 20 degrees C) and time (5, 10 or 20 d) combinations. Pre-conditioned fruit were then assessed for ripening ability following storage for 14 d at 20 degrees C. The ripening ability of 1-MCP-treated 'Bartlett' fruit recovered in response to many preconditioning combinations of 10 degrees - 20 degrees C for 10 - 20 d, as indicated by a decrease in flesh firmness to 27 N or lower. The requirements for pre-conditioning regimes are storage atmosphere- and time-dependent. For'd'Anjou' pears, no pre-conditioning combination resulted in re-initiating the ripening of fruit treated with 300 nl 1(-1) 1-MCP. However, when the 1-MCP dose was 50 nl 1(-1),'d'Anjou' pears ripened over an extended shelf-period with a substantial decrease in superficial scald. The results indicate that treatment with 1-MCP at approx. 50 nl 1(-1) combined with a pre-conditioning prior to marketing, is a potential means to control scald in 'd'Anjou' fruit. Re-initiation of ripening occurred concomitantly with a substantial increase in ethylene production. The control of superficial scald by 1-MCP in'd'Anjou' pears was due to the inhibition of the biosynthesis of a-farnesene and conjugated trienes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. AgroFresh Inc, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. RP Bai, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 3005 Expt Stn Dr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. EM jinhe.bai@oregonstate.edu NR 27 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 81 IS 6 BP 959 EP 964 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 111VY UT WOS:000242484700006 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Wilson, GV Periketi, RK Cullum, RF AF Fox, G. A. Wilson, G. V. Periketi, R. K. Cullum, R. F. TI Sediment transport model for seepage erosion of streambank sediment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bank erosion; bank stabilization; sediment transport; seepage; unsaturated flow ID PIPING SAPPING EROSION; GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE; SIEVE RIVER; STABILITY; SOILS; ERODIBILITY; HILLSLOPE; SYSTEM AB Erosion by lateral, subsurface flow is known to erode streambank sediment in numerous geographical locations; however, the role of seepage erosion on mass failure of streambanks is not well understood. In the absence of an established sediment transport model for seepage erosion, the objectives of this research were to investigate the mechanisms of erosion due to concentrated, lateral subsurface flow and develop an empirical sediment transport model for seepage erosion of noncohesive sediment on near-vertical streambanks. Laboratory experiments were performed using a two-dimensional soil lysimeter of a reconstructed streambank profile packed with three different soil layers to mimic seepage erosion occurring at Little Topashaw Creek (LTC) in northern Mississippi. Soil samples from LTC streambanks indicated considerable hydraulic conductivity contrast between an overlying silt loam layer (SiL), highly permeable loamy sand, and confining clay loam layer. Lysimeter experiments were conducted with various upstream water table heads, overburden heights, and lysimeter slopes. Bank failure occurred prior to the total release of negative pore-water pressures in the SiL layer suggesting that such a mechanism was not critical for bank collapse due to seepage erosion. A seepage erosion transport model for conductive, noncohesive soil layers was derived based on a dimensionless sediment discharge and dimensionless seepage flow shear stress. The advantage of this sediment transport model is that it relates sediment flux to seepage discharge from the streambank. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Creegan & Dangelo Consultants, Fairfield, CA 94533 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 111 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu; gvwilson@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov; rperiket@olemiss.edu; bcullum@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 23 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 603 EP 611 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2006)11:6(603) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 099ST UT WOS:000241616700010 ER PT J AU Harris, NL Spoerri, I Schopfer, JF Nembrini, C Merky, P Massacand, J Urban, JF Lamarre, A Burki, K Odermatt, B Zinkernagel, RM Macpherson, AJ AF Harris, Nicola L. Spoerri, Iris Schopfer, Jacqueline F. Nembrini, Chiara Merky, Patrick Massacand, Joanna Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Lamarre, Alain Burki, Kurt Odermatt, Bernhard Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Macpherson, Andrew J. TI Mechanisms of neonatal mucosal antibody protection SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FC-RECEPTOR; IGA RESPONSES; CELL-LINE; B-CELLS; TRANSPORT; MICE; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; ANTIGENS; SYSTEM AB Following an abrupt transition at birth from the sterile uterus to an environment with abundant commensal and pathogenic microbes, neonatal mammals are protected by maternal Abs at mucosal surfaces. We show in mice that different Ab isotypes work in distinct ways to protect the neonatal mucosal surface. Secretory IgA acts to limit penetration of commensal intestinal bacteria through the neonatal intestinal epithelium: an apparently primitive process that does not require diversification of the primary natural Ab repertoire. In contrast, neonatal protection against the exclusively luminal parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus required IgG from primed females. This immune IgG could either be delivered directly in milk or retrotransported via neonatal Fc receptor from the neonatal serum into the intestinal lumen to exert its protective effect. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Expt Immunol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. USDA, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Quebec, Inst Armand Frappier, INSERM, Laval, PQ, Canada. McMaster Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. RP Harris, NL (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Wagistr 27, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland. EM nharris@ethz.ch RI Lamarre, Alain/C-3006-2009; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 32 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 9 BP 6256 EP 6262 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 097VN UT WOS:000241477400059 PM 17056555 ER PT J AU Gunther, NW Nunez, A Fortis, L Solaiman, DKY AF Gunther, Nereus W. Nunez, Alberto Fortis, Laurie Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Proteomic based investigation of rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain NRRL B-30761 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosurfactant; non-pathogenic; proteomics; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; rhamnolipids ID BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AERUGINOSA; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; SURFACTANTS; BIOFILM AB We recently reported that a strain of the non-pathogenic bacterial species Pseudomonas chlororaphis was capable of producing the biosurfactant molecule, rhamnolipids. Previous to this report the organisms known to produce rhamnolipids were almost exclusively pathogens. The newly described P. chlororaphis strain produced rhamnolipids at room temperature in static minimal media, as opposed to previous reports of rhamnolipid production which occurred at elevated temperatures with mechanical agitation. The non-pathogenic nature and energy conserving production conditions make the P. chlororaphis strain an attractive candidate for commercial rhamnolipid production. However, little characterization of molecular/biochemical processes in P. chlororaphis have been reported. In order to achieve a greater understanding of the process by which P. chlororaphis produces rhamnolipids, a survey of proteins differentially expressed during rhamnolipid production was performed. Separation and measurement of the bacteria's proteome was achieved using Beckman Coulter's Proteome Lab PF2D packed column-based protein fractionation system. Statistical analysis of the data identified differentially expressed proteins and known orthologues of those proteins were identified using an AB 4700 Proteomics Analyzer mass spectrometer system. A list of proteins differentially expressed by P. chlororaphis strain NRRL B-30761 during rhamnolipid production was generated, and confirmed through a repetition of the entire separation process. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Dan.Solaiman@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 BP 914 EP 920 DI 10.1007/s10295-006-0169-1 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 092QX UT WOS:000241113500003 PM 16964509 ER PT J AU Morgan, A AF Morgan, Andrea TI Avian influenza: An agricultural perspective SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Conference 2006 CY FEB 01-02, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Infect Dis Soc Amer, Soc Hlthcare Epidemiol Amer, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID A VIRUSES; GENETIC REASSORTMENT; H5N1 INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; EVOLUTION; PIGS; VACCINE; INFECTION; CHICKENS AB Recent outbreaks of infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 strains of avian influenza virus in poultry in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East have raised concern over the potential emergence of a pandemic strain that can easily infect humans and cause serious morbidity and mortality. To prevent and control a national outbreak, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) conducts measures based on the ecology of avian influenza viruses. To prevent an outbreak in the United States, the USDA conducts surveillance of bird populations, restrictions on bird importation, educational outreach, and regulation of agricultural practices, in collaboration with local, state, and federal organizations. To manage an outbreak, the USDA has in place a well-established emergency management system for optimizing efforts. The USDA also collaborates with international organizations for disease prevention and control in other countries. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Off Deputy Adm, Vet Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Morgan, A (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Off Deputy Adm, Vet Serv, Rm 317-E,AG Box 3491,Jamie L Whitten Fed Bldg,12t, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Andrea.M.Morgan@aphis.usda.gov NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 194 SU 2 BP S139 EP S146 DI 10.1086/507561 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 098EE UT WOS:000241503000012 PM 17163387 ER PT J AU Yocum, GD Kemp, WP Bosch, J Knoblett, JN AF Yocum, G. D. Kemp, W. P. Bosch, J. Knoblett, J. N. TI Thermal history influences diapause development in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insects; diapause; alfalfa leafcutting bee; respiratory quotient ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA COLEOPTERA; FLESH FLY PUPAE; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; HSP70 TRANSCRIPTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC MICE AB Respiration rate, time to pupation and the expression patterns of selected genes were examined during the diapause to post-diapause transition in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata held at constant 4 degrees C in winter storage. Respiration quotients were at or below 0.7 from December to May and then increased to over 0.8 in June and July. The time required for prepupae to reach the pupal stage following transfer to 29 degrees C decreased from 23 days in December to 10 days in July. HSP70 was expressed at a consistently high level in all the diapausing prepupae stored at 4 degrees C. In contrast, we demonstrated previously that HSP70 expression in diapausing prepupae maintained under field conditions began decreasing after December and was expressed at trace levels in the June samples. Transferring prepupae stored at 4 to 25 degrees C at monthly intervals from December to July induced a significant decrease in HSP70. Levels of HSC70 showed no changes during the transition to post-diapause development in prepupae maintained at 4 degrees C. Transferring the prepupae to 25 degrees C during the April-June time interval elicited an increase in HSC70 expression. HSP90 was expressed at a consistent level in prepupae stored at 4 degrees C but decreased to very low levels after being transferred to 25 degrees C in December-February prepupae: no decrease was noted in the April-July prepupae. Actin was expressed at trace levels in the diapausing prepupae maintained at 4 degrees C and increased slightly in the post-diapausing pupae. Transferring prepupae stored at 4 to 25 degrees C at monthly intervals from December to July induced an increase in actin expression. These results indicate that the level of gene expression for selected genes in diapausing and post-diapause bees is highly influenced by their thermal history. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Red River Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Unitat Ecol CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP Yocum, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM yocumg@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 52 IS 11-12 BP 1113 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.07.010 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 117LU UT WOS:000242875500003 PM 17049551 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Shukle, RH Sardesai, N Giovanini, MP Williams, CE AF Mittapalli, Omprakash Shukle, Richard H. Sardesai, Nagesh Giovanini, Marcelo P. Williams, Christie E. TI Expression patterns of antibacterial genes in the Hessian fly SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mayetiola; wheat; antibacterial; defensin; diptericin; lysozyme; midgut; mRNA ID DIPTERAN PHORMIA-TERRANOVAE; INSECT DEFENSIN; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; WINTER-WHEAT; IMMUNITY; CECIDOMYIIDAE; DROSOPHILA; FAMILY AB We report on the transcriptional patterns of three antibacterial genes, a defensin (MdesDEF-1), a diptericin (MdesDIP-1) and a lysozyme (MdesLYS-1), during development in Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor. Quantitative analysis by real-time PCR of mRNA levels in different tissues revealed a predominance of the transcripts for all three genes in the midgut, while analysis during development revealed greatest abundance in mRNA during the 3rd-instar. An evaluation of the midgut lumen revealed the presence of a diverse bacterial flora in larvae maintained on susceptible wheat. Further, the titer of bacteria in the midgut increased similar to 250-fold from the 1st-instar through the 2nd-instar. However, no detectable titer of bacteria was observed from the midgut lumen of larvae maintained on resistant plants. PCR amplicons produced using primers designed to conserved regions of the Pseudomonas 16S rRNA gene supported taxonomic identification for some of the bacteria comprising the midgut flora as belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. Analysis of mRNA for the Hessian fly antibacterial genes in larvae feeding on susceptible and resistant plants revealed an increase in the transcript level for MdesDEF-1 in 1st-instar larvae on susceptible plants, while the transcript levels for MdesDIP-1 and MdesLYS-1 were constant. Results suggest the transcriptional patterns of the Hessian fly antibacterial genes observed could be associated with the developing midgut bacterial flora present in larvae feeding on susceptible wheat as well as microbial challenge encountered at other stages in development. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Sci Biol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu NR 45 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 52 IS 11-12 BP 1143 EP 1152 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.08.007 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 117LU UT WOS:000242875500007 PM 17070830 ER PT J AU Kline, DL Patnaude, M Barnard, DR AF Kline, Daniel L. Patnaude, Michael Barnard, Donald R. TI Efficacy of four trap types for detecting and monitoring Culex spp. in north central Florida SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex; surveillance; West Nile virus; traps; counterflow geometry ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; MOSQUITO TRAPS; CULICIDAE; NIGRIPALPUS; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; ATTRACTANTS; CALIFORNIA AB The effectiveness of four types of mosquito traps at sampling Culex mosquitoes was compared at two north central Florida study sites (a commercial dairy and a swine research unit) with highly eutrophic lagoons that have a history of producing large populations of Culex mosquitoes. Traps evaluated included a John Hock (JH) model 1012 CDC style light trap, JH model 1712 CDC Gravid Trap (GT), and American Biophysics Corporation's Mosquito Magnet-Experimental (MM-X) and commercial model MM-Professional (MM-Pro) traps. The MM-X and MM-Pro traps are based on new counterflow technology. Culex nigripalpus Theobald and Culex quinquefasciatus Say were the two most abundant species collected, and they were the dominant species at the dairy site and swine research unit, respectively. Culex erraticus Dyar & Knabb and Culex salinarius Coquillett also were caught but in much lower numbers than the two dominant species at the swine unit, and rarely at the dairy site. At the dairy site the MM-Pro collection of total female Cx. quinquefasciatus was significantly greater than all other trap types (MM-Pro > GT > MM-X = CDC), and the MM-Pro also caught the most Cx. nigripalpus, but not significantly more than the CDC or MM-X (MM-Pro = CDC = MM-X > GT). At the swine research unit the largest number of female Cx. quinquefasciatus were caught in the MM-X trap, but the only significant difference was with the CDC trap (MM-X = MM-Pro = GT > CDC). For Cx. nigripalpus the CDC trap caught the most females, but these collections were only significantly different from the MM-Pro and GT (CDC = MM-X > MM-Pro > GT). The GT caught significantly more gravid female Cx. quinquefasciatus than all the other trap types at both sites, but collected very few gravid Cx. nigripalpus at either site. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. RP Kline, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM dkline@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1121 EP 1128 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1121:EOFTTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 104BP UT WOS:000241931200003 PM 17162943 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Khrimian, A Rowton, E Kramer, M Debboun, M AF Klun, Jerome A. Khrimian, Ashot Rowton, Edgar Kramer, Matthew Debboun, Mustapha TI Biting deterrent activity of a Deet analog, two DEPA analogs, and SS220 applied topically to human volunteers compared with deet against three species of blood-feeding flies SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; (1S,2 ' S)-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide; N,N-diethyl(3-bromophenyl)acetamide; N,N-diethyl[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)]acetamide; N,N,-diethyl [3-(trifluoromethyl)] benzamide ID MOSQUITO REPELLENTS; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; AEDES-AEGYPTI; SYSTEM; EFFICACY AB An earlier in vitro screening of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (Deet) and N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) analogs showed that two DEPA analogs, N,N-diethyl(3-bromophenyl) acetamide and N,N-diethyl [(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)] acetamide, and one Deet analog, N,N,diethyl [3-(trifluoromethyl)] benzamide, had biting-deterrent activities that were superior to Deet against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston. In the current study, the three analogs and (1S,2'S)-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (SS220) were applied topically to the skin of human volunteers at 24 nmol compound/cm(2) skin and compared with the activity of Deet at the same dose against biting by Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, and Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli females. SS220 proved to be as effective as Deet against Ae. aegypti and P. papatasi but more effective than Deet against An. stephensi. Contrary to the earlier in vitro tests, results with humans (in vivo testing) showed that neither of the DEPA analogs nor the Deet analog performed more effectively than Deet against the insects. The in vivo results showed that the analogs were not sufficiently effective to warrant further development. Notably, in vivo and in vitro methods used in discovery of personal protection chemicals for human use against blood-feeding flies can both be effective discriminating tools, but results obtained with the respective methods may not always agree. Ultimately, we surmise that in vivo testing methods with humans must be used to discriminate among compounds that superficially seem effective when screened using an in vitro method. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, BA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USDA ARS, Biometrical Consulting Serv, BA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Dept Prevent Hlth Serv, Acad Hlth Sci,Med Zool Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, BA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM klunj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1248 EP 1251 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1248:BDAOAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 104BP UT WOS:000241931200020 PM 17162960 ER PT J AU Massa, AN Morris, CF AF Massa, Alicia N. Morris, Craig F. TI Molecular evolution of the puroindoline-a, puroindoline-b, and grain softness protein-1 genes in the tribe triticeae (vol 63, pg 526, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Correction C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Massa, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 5 BP 718 EP 718 DI 10.1007/s00239-006-8292-1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 105FE UT WOS:000242014800013 ER PT J AU Lambert, BD Filip, R Stoll, B Junghans, P Derno, M Hennig, U Souffrant, WB Pierzynowski, S Burrin, DG AF Lambert, Barry D. Filip, Rafal Stoll, Barbara Junghans, Peter Derno, Michael Hennig, Ulf Souffrant, Wolfgang B. Pierzynowski, Stefan Burrin, Douglas G. TI First-pass metabolism limits the intestinal absorption of enteral alpha-ketoglutarate in young pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY FUELS; NEONATAL PIGLETS; SPLANCHNIC BED; GLUTAMIC-ACID; GROWING PIGS; WHOLE-BODY; HUMANS; INFUSION; PROLINE; ENZYMES AB Our results in a previous study indicated that the portal absorption of intragastrically fed alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) was limited in young pigs. Our aim was to quantify the net portal absorption, first-pass metabolism, and whole-body flux of enterally infused AKG. In study 1, we quantified the net portal nutrient absorption in young pigs (n = 9) given an intraduodenal infusion of milk replacer [10 mL/(kg . h)] and either saline (control) or 930 mu mol/(kg . h) AKG for 4 h. In study 2, we quantified the luminal disappearance of a duodenal AKG bolus in young pigs (n = 7). In study 3, we quantified the whole-body kinetics of C-13-AKG metabolism when infused either enterally (n = 9) or intravenously (n = 9) in young pigs. In study 1, when compared with the control group, enteral AKG infusion increased (P < 0.01) the arterial (13.8 +/- 1.7 vs. 27.4 +/- 3.6 mu mol/L) and portal (22.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 64.6 +/- 5.9 mu mol/L) AKG concentrations and the net portal absorption of AKG [19.7 +/- 2.8 vs. 95.2 +/- 12.0 mu mol/(kg . h)]. The mean fractional portal appearance of enterally infused AKG was 10.23 +/- 1.3%. In study 2, the luminal disappearance of AKG was 663 mu mol/(kg . h), representing 63% of the intraduodenal dose. In study 3, the whole-body C-13-AKG flux [4685 +/- 666 vs. 801 +/- 67 mu mol/(kg . h)] was higher (P < 0.05) when given enterally than intravenously, but (CO2)-C-13 recovery was not different (37.3 +/- 1.0 vs. 36.2 +/- 0.7% dose). The first-pass splanchnic C-13-AKG utilization was similar to 80%, of which 30% was oxidized to (CO2)-C-13. We conclude that the intestinal absorption of AKG is limited in young pigs largely due to substantial first-pass gastrointestinal metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Inst Agr Med, Dept Internal & Occupat Dis, Lublin, Poland. Res Inst Biol Farm Anim, Res Unit Nutr Physiol Oskar Kellner, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, Lund, Sweden. Essentys AB, Lund, Sweden. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu RI Lambert, Barry/I-3463-2016 OI Lambert, Barry/0000-0003-1488-3118 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920] NR 21 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 136 IS 11 BP 2779 EP 2784 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 100DY UT WOS:000241649000011 PM 17056800 ER PT J AU Nord, M Kantor, LS AF Nord, Mark Kantor, Linda S. TI Seasonal variation in food insecurity is associated with heating and cooling costs among low-income elderly Americans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-STATUS; INSUFFICIENCY; NUTRITION; FAMILIES; ADULTS AB In this study we examine the association between household food insecurity and seasonally high heating and cooling costs. Logistic regression models, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, were estimated using data on household food security and economic and demographic data from the 1995-2001 Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements and state-level data on heating and cooling degree days from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Low-income households, especially those consisting entirely of elderly persons, experienced substantial seasonal differences in the incidence of very low food security (the more severe range of food insecurity) in areas with high winter heating costs and high summer cooling costs. In high-cooling states, the odds of very low food security for poor, elderly only households were 27% higher in the summer than in the winter. In high-heating states, the pattern was reversed for such households; the odds of very low food security were 43% lower in the summer. In light of recent sharp increases in home heating and cooling costs in many parts of the U.S., it is important to understand the extent to which households make tradeoffs between heating and cooling costs and other basic needs that affect their food security. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Nord, M (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM marknord@ers.usda.gov NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 136 IS 11 BP 2939 EP 2944 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 100DY UT WOS:000241649000037 PM 17056826 ER PT J AU Britten, P Lyon, J Weaver, CM Kris-Etherton, PM Nicklas, TA Weber, JA Davis, CA AF Britten, Patricia Lyon, Joan Weaver, Connie M. Kris-Etherton, Penny M. Nicklas, Theresa A. Weber, Jennifer A. Davis, Carole A. TI MyPyramid food intake pattern modeling for the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE MyPyramid; Dietary Guidelines for Americans; food intake patterns; dietary guidance AB Modeling analyses using the MyPyramid intake patterns were conducted in collaboration with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee in response to their research questions and to determine likely effects of possible recommendations on overall dietary adequacy. Scenarios modeled included the feasibility of using the food patterns for lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, of varying fat levels within the patterns, and of increasing dietary flexibility through food group substitutions. Food pattern modeling was a useful tool to identify possible impacts on diet quality of potential Dietary Guidelines recommendations. Modeling analyses can help researchers explore the overall effect of specific dietary recommendations on intake patterns. C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Rockville, MD USA. RP Britten, P (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Room 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Patricia.Britten@cnpp.usda.gov NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP S143 EP S152 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.08.004 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119JG UT WOS:000243008000008 PM 17116592 ER PT J AU Britten, P Haven, J Davis, C AF Britten, Patricia Haven, Jackie Davis, Carole TI Consumer research for development of educational messages for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE MyPyramid; dietary guidance; consumer research; qualitative research AB Objective: To assess consumer understanding and use of messages from the original Food Guide Pyramid and potential concepts for a revised Food Guidance System. Design: Focus groups conducted in two phases, in 2002 and 2004. Setting: Market research facilities in Baltimore, Chicago, and Houston. Participants: Phase 1, 178 participants in 18 groups: 6 of general adult consumers, 4 of adults over 60 years of age, 4 of food stamp recipients, and 4 of overweight adults. Phase 11, 75 participants in 8 groups: 4 of younger adults and 4 of older adults. Phenomenon of interest: Understanding and use of original Pyramid symbol and messages and potential concepts for a revised food guidance system. Analysis: Focus group sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. Content analysis summarized comments into meaningful themes. Results: Key concepts of the original Pyramid were widely understood, but specific knowledge was limited and misunderstandings common, especially related to servings and food group placement. Detailed information about whole grains, types of fats, vegetable subgroups, and physical activity was lacking. Conclusions and Implications: While consumers are aware of general concepts about healthy eating, they lack specific knowledge to help them implement recommendations. Educators can help by providing consumers with concrete examples and specific information. C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Britten, P (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Room 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Patricia.Britten@cnpp.usda.gov NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP S108 EP S123 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.08.006 PG 16 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119JG UT WOS:000243008000005 PM 17116589 ER PT J AU Britten, P Marcoe, K Yamini, S Davis, C AF Britten, Patricia Marcoe, Kristin Yamini, Sedigheh Davis, Carole TI Development of food intake patterns for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE MyPyramid; food guides; food intake patterns; dietary guidance AB Objective: The purpose of this research was to design food intake patterns based on typical American food selections that would meet Dietary Guidelines and Dietary Reference Intake recommendations. Design: Analytic process to identify appropriate amounts from each food group that together will meet nutritional goals for various age/gender groups. Variables Measured: Projected intake of energy, 9 vitamins, 8 minerals, 8 macronutrients, and dietary fiber in each food intake pattern. Analysis: Iterative comparison of nutrients in each food intake pattern to Dietary Reference Intakes and Dietary Guidelines recommendations set as goals for that pattern. Results: Food intake patterns were established that met almost all nutrient goals within estimated energy needs. Intakes of vitamin E at all energy levels, potassium at lower energy levels, and sodium at higher energy levels did not meet goals. Conclusions and implications: The food intake patterns provide a foundation of food choices that will meet nutritional recommendations. They form the scientific basis for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System and can also be used as a starting point for developing other educational programs or materials. C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Britten, P (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Room 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Patricia.Britten@cnpp.usda.gov NR 26 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP S78 EP S92 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.08.007 PG 15 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119JG UT WOS:000243008000003 PM 17116598 ER PT J AU Haven, J Burns, A Britten, P Davis, C AF Haven, Jackie Burns, Adam Britten, Patricia Davis, Carole TI Developing the consumer interface for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE MyPyramid; dietary guidance; consumer research; qualitative research AB Objective: To assess consumer response to potential graphics, slogans, and messages for the consumer interface of the MyPyramid Food Guidance System. Design: Qualitative research conducted in two phases, composed of focus groups and Web-TV testing. Setting: Professional market research facilities in Baltimore, MD, and Chicago, IL, and Web-TV. Participants: Phase 1, 77 adults in 10 groups; Phase 2, 407 adults via Web-TV. Phenomenon of Interest: Consumer response to potential graphic images, slogans, and messages for the Food Guidance System. Analysis: A content analysis was used to summarize comments from focus groups and Web-TV tests into meaningful themes. Frequencies were calculated for responses. Results: Respondents preferred the familiarity of the pyramid shape and found graphics and slogans that were personal, active, and positive to be appealing. Conclusions and Implications: The consumer interface for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System was shaped by consumer feedback that identified appealing and useful elements and avoided elements that were potentially confusing or less meaningful. Consumers preferred images and messages that were perceived as new, personal, and active, but they desired some continuity with the original Pyramid shape. C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. Porter Novelli, Washington, DC USA. RP Haven, J (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Room 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Jackie.Haven@cnpp.usda.gov NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP S124 EP S135 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.08.002 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119JG UT WOS:000243008000006 PM 17116590 ER PT J AU Haven, J Burns, A Herring, D Britten, P AF Haven, Jackie Burns, Adam Herring, David Britten, Patricia TI MyPyramid.gov provides consumers with practical nutrition information at their fingertips SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. Porter Novelli, Washington, DC USA. RP Haven, J (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Room 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Jackie.Haven@cnpp.usda.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP S153 EP S154 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.07.017 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119JG UT WOS:000243008000009 PM 17116593 ER PT J AU Juan, WY Gerrior, S Hiza, H AF Juan, WenYen Gerrior, Shirley Hiza, Hazel TI MyPyramid Tracker assesses food consumption, physical activity, and energy balance status interactively SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Juan, WY (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM wenyen.juan@cnpp.usda.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S157 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.07.018 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119JG UT WOS:000243008000010 PM 17116594 ER PT J AU Marcoe, K Juan, WY Yamini, S Carlson, A Britten, P AF Marcoe, Kristin Juan, WenYen Yamini, Sedigheh Carlson, Andrea Britten, Patricia TI Development of food group composites and nutrient profiles for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE MyPyramid; food guides; dietary guidance; food intake patterns AB Objective: To identify food selections in each MyPyramid food group or subgroup reflective of typical consumption patterns by Americans, and the nutrient intake that can be expected from consuming a specified amount of these foods from each group, in a low-fat and no-added-sugars form. Design: An analytical process to identify food consumption choices within each food group and subgroup using national food consumption surveys, and to identify the expected nutrient content of each group using food composition databases. Variables Measured: Relative consumption of foods within each food group; nutrient content for each food group and subgroup (energy plus 27 nutrients). Analysis: Disaggregated foods from consumption surveys into component ingredients. Combined similar ingredients into "item clusters" and determined relative consumption of each. Calculated a consumption-weighted nutrient profile for each food group. Results: Consumption-weighted food intake selections and nutrient profiles were developed for all MyPyramid food groups and Subgroups. Conclusions and implications: This analytical process derived food group and subgroup composites which estimate typical food choices within each MyPyramid food group. These were used to assess the adequacy of the MyPyramid food intake patterns as they were being iteratively developed. C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Marcoe, K (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Room 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Kristin.Marcoe@cnpp.usda.gov NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP S93 EP S107 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.05.014 PG 15 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119JG UT WOS:000243008000004 PM 17116599 ER PT J AU Yamini, S Juan, WY Marcoe, K Britten, P AF Yamini, Sedigheh Juan, WenYen Marcoe, Kristin Britten, Patricia TI Impact of using updated food consumption and composition data on selected MyPyramid food group nutrient profiles SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE MyPyramid; food intake patterns; food composition database ID UNITED-STATES AB Objective: To examine the changes observed in 5 nutrients of selected USDA food subgroups by partitioning the overall changes into those caused by consumption changes over time, and those caused by nutrient database revisions. Design: Population-weighted estimates of food group intakes (composites) were developed using 24-hour recall data from CSFII 1994-96 and NHANES 1999-2000. Nutrient profiles of these composites were developed using Standard Reference (SR) data (SR11 and SR16-1). Subjects: A total of 14,262 and 8070 individuals over the age of 2 years from CSFII and NHANES, respectively, composed the study sample. Outcome Measures: Absolute and percent change in food group nutrient content caused by food consumption changes and nutrient database updates. Analysis: Changes due to consumption differences were determined by comparing nutrient profiles created with CSFII and NHANES using SR11. Changes due to nutrient database differences were determined by comparing nutrient profiles created from NHANES data using SR11 and SR16-1 nutrient values. Results: Consumption differences resulted in some variations in the food group nutrient content, but a majority of the changes were associated with use of the updated nutrient database. For example, vitamin A level in the orange vegetable subgroup was increased by 2.4% owing to consumption (from CSFII to NHANES), whereas the level was decreased by 38% due to nutrient updates (from SR11 to SR16-1). Conclusion and implications: Consideration of the changes in nutrient databases, as well as in food consumption, is essential in monitoring both the trends in the food choices Americans make and the adequacy of their diets. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Yamini, S (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,HFS830, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Essie.Yamini@fda.hhs.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP S136 EP S142 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.08.003 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119JG UT WOS:000243008000007 PM 17116591 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Rosenberg, Irwin H. Selhub, Jacob TI Folate and vitamin B12 transport systems in the developing infant SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Anniversary of the Bristol-Myers-Squibb Freedom to Discover Nutrition Grants Program CY JUN 07-08, 2005 CL Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH HO Univ Cincinnati AB B vitamin transport systems in infants are not as well studied as those for amino acids and glucose. For most B vitamins, a 2-step process allows for digestion of coenzyme forms of the vitamins in food, followed by specific transport systems for the free vitamin in the intestine. Folate and vitamin B12 have specific binding proteins, which cam, the vitamins in human milk and blood, and other unique binding proteins, which convey the vitamins across the placenta, intestine, and blood-brain barrier. The permeable infant intestine permits the efficient intact transfer of protein-bound folate and vitamin B12 from intestinal lumen to bloodstream. As the intestine matures, specific carriers and receptors facilitate uptake and transport of these vitamins. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 149 IS 5 SU S BP S62 EP S63 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.06.053 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 110BM UT WOS:000242353300003 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA AF Waterland, Robert A. TI Epigenetic mechanisms and gastrointestinal development SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Anniversary of the Bristol-Myers-Squibb Freedom to Discover Nutrition Grants Program CY JUN 07-08, 2005 CL Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH HO Univ Cincinnati ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN-DISEASE; GROWTH; RISK; TWIN AB This review considers the hypothesis that nutrition during infancy affects developmental epigeneties in the gut, causing metabolic imprinting of gastrointestinal (GI) structure and function. Fundamentals of epigenetic gene regulation are reviewed, with an emphasis on the epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation. Recent data indicate that transient nutritional and other stimuli during critical periods of prenatal and early postnatal development can affect the establishment or developmental maturation of gene-specific DNA methylation, thereby inducing permanent changes in gene expression. Although epigenetic processes are clearly involved in postnatal mammalian GI development, we currently know very little about these mechanisms. Data indicating that epigenetic gene regulation plays an important role in GI development and pathology are reviewed, and suggestions for future research in this area are offered. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat & Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat & Mol & Human Genet, 1100 Bates St,Suite 9070, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK063781] NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 149 IS 5 SU S BP S137 EP S142 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.06.064 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 110BM UT WOS:000242353300015 PM 17212956 ER PT J AU Baligar, VC Fageria, NK Paiva, AQ Silveira, A Pomella, AWV Machado, RCR AF Baligar, V. C. Fageria, N. K. Paiva, A. Q. Silveira, A. Pomella, A. W. V. Machado, R. C. R. TI Light intensity effects on growth and micronutrient uptake by tropical legume cover crops SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutrient transport; nutrient flux; nutrient efficiency ratio; root and shoot weight AB Cover crops are important components of a sustainable crop-production system in plantation crops such as cacao (theobroma cacao), coffee (Coffee arabica), oil palm (Elaeis Spp.), and banana (Musa Spp.). Optimal growth of cover crops in plantation agriculture is determined by adaptability of crop species, light intensity reaching their leaf canopies, and their nutrient-use efficiencies, including those of micronutrients. An experiment was conducted in a climatically controlled growth chamber to evaluate the influence of levels of light intensity on growth and micronutrient [ boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)] uptake parameters in legume cover crops. Two photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, 200 and 400 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) light treatments were imposed on nine legume species (joint vetch (Aeschynomene americana), sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), Crotalaria rchroleuca, showy crotalaria (crotalaria spectabilis), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsute L.), lab-lab (Lablab purpureus), sesbania (Sesbania microcarpa), Brazilian stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)). Overall, light intensity significantly affected growth, micronutrient uptake, and use-efficiency ratios; with few exceptions, interactions between cover crop species and PPFD were also significant. Such PPFD x crop species interactions show that the cover crops used in this study differed in growth and nutrient-uptake parameters under the conditions imposed. Sunhemp, cowpea, sesbania, and lab-lab species were superior in producing shoot dry weight and in nutrient accumulation compared with other species at lower as well as at higher PPFD levels. Interspecific differences in nutrient influx and transport were observed. Influx and transport of micronutrients was in the order Mn > B > Fe > Zn > Cu. Overall, growth, nutrient uptake, and use- efficiency ratios were higher at higher PPFD than at lower PPFD. Results of this study indicate that the use of proper crop species at adequate light intensities is an important component of successful cultivation of cover crops in plantation agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EMBRAPA, Rice & Bean Res Ctr, Santo Antonio De Goias, Brazil. Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Brazil. Almirante Cacao Res, Itajuipe, Brazil. RP Baligar, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPCL, Bldg 001,Room 225,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vbaligar@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1959 EP 1974 DI 10.1080/01904160600927633 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088QP UT WOS:000240826500004 ER PT J AU Uyemoto, JK Luhn, CF AF Uyemoto, J. K. Luhn, C. F. TI In-season variations in transmission of cherry X-phytoplasma and implication in certification programs SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cherry; phytoplasma; transmission rate; indexing ID SWEET CHERRY; DISEASE; CALIFORNIA; TREES; PEACH AB Different aged shoots of X-disease cherry trees (Prunus avium cv Bing) collected in spring June) or summer (August) were assayed using fruit spurs or bud chips from current, 1-, 2- and 3-year old shoots. Ten to 20 single t-grafts were made onto indicator trees of Bing scions on mahaleb (R mahaleb) rootstocks. Spring collections, irrespective of shoot age, produced transmission rates of 10%. In contrast, over half of the indicators were infected with summer collections, which when t-bud propagated onto mazzard (R avium) seedlings resulted in 90% diseased progeny trees. Results showed that biologic assays for cherry X-phytoplasma were optimized using summer collections. Besides cherry sources, index-transmissions and propagations of scion buds from X- and peach yellow leaf roll-(PYLR) peach trees produced high rates of transmission (both diseases) and high numbers of diseased progeny (PYLR). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Uyemoto, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jkuyemoto@ucdavis.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 106VV UT WOS:000242131000011 ER PT J AU Osmond, DL Cabrera, ML Feagley, SE Hardee, GE Mitchell, CC Moore, PA Mylavarapu, RS Oldham, JL Stevens, JC Thom, WC Walker, F Zhang, H AF Osmond, D. L. Cabrera, M. L. Feagley, S. E. Hardee, G. E. Mitchell, C. C. Moore, P. A., Jr. Mylavarapu, R. S. Oldham, J. L. Stevens, J. C. Thom, W. C. Walker, F. Zhang, H. TI Comparing ratings of the southern phosphorus indices SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE P-index; southern CSREES region ID PASTURES; TOOL AB The use of site assessment indices to guide agricultural phosphorus (P) nutrient management has been widely adopted in the United States. This study compares P-index ratings from 12 southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas) on fields representing three dominant southern agricultural systems: upland pasture, upland cornfield, and artificially drained field. The structure of each P-index varied enough to produce widely divergent ratings when applied to similar scenarios where individual factors (such as soil test P, poultry broiler litter application rate, or buffer absence or presence) were adjusted across a broad range of P-index input values. Variation in P-index ratings was the unique combination of each state's selected factors, weighting of the factors, and factor combination (added, multiplied, or a mixture of both addition and multiplication). Although the flexibility of and differences among the southern states' P-indices result in dramatically diverse P-index ratings for the same set of conditions, the diversity in P-index construction allows for indices designed to match individual state conditions and concerns. The substantial differences in P-index results identified in this survey highlight the need for close coordination between states in revising P-indices if they are to be applied across state lines. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Columbia, SC USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Starkville, MS USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Osmond, DL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 6 BP 325 EP 337 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 119MX UT WOS:000243017500002 ER PT J AU Potter, KN AF Potter, K. N. TI Soil carbon content after 55 years of management of a Vertisol in central Texas SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE archived soil samples; management effects; soil organic carbon AB Management's effects on soil physical properties can be difficult to determine because there is often no fixed starting point. Soil organic carbon was determined for central Texas Vertisols (Udic Haplusterts) on archived samples from 1949 and samples taken in 2004. Management records were used to interpret the data. Five fields were sampled, representing an untilled native pasture, two previously titled soils which had been planted to Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pets.) for 55 and 39 years before the 2004 sampling period, and two fields which had been continuously cropped for nearly the entire 55 year time interval. Soil organic carbon was determined for depth increments of 0 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 60, 60 to 90 and 90 to 105 cm (cl to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36 and 36 to 42 in). The titled soils had been seriously degraded of organic carbon by agricultural activities prior to 1949 compared to the native pasture soil. Soil carbon concentration in croplands had decreased from greater than five percent near the surface of native grasslands to less than one percent in croplands. Agricultural practices since 1949 have increased soil carbon concentration in the surface 15 cm (6 in) to 1.45 percent in croplands and 2.09 percent in restored grasslands. Returning the soils to grass production increased soil surface carbon contents at a faster rate than the conventional agricultural practices. Having archived samples greatly aided in interpreting the effects on management on the soil. It appears that previous estimates of carbon sequestration rates for the Vertisols may have been under estimated by comparative studies of no-tilt and conventional tillage practices. C1 ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76503 USA. RP Potter, KN (reprint author), ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76503 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 6 BP 338 EP 343 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 119MX UT WOS:000243017500003 ER PT J AU Dosskey, MG Helmers, MJ Eisenhauer, DE AF Dosskey, M. G. Helmers, M. J. Eisenhauer, D. E. TI An approach for using soil surveys to guide the placement of water quality buffers SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE filter strip; groundwater; models; nonpoint source pollution; riparian buffer; surface runoff; SSURGO ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; SIMULATED VEGETATION; RIPARIAN ZONES; GRASS FILTERS; SEDIMENT; FILTRATION; POLLUTION; FLOW; DENITRIFICATION; CAPACITY AB Vegetative buffers may function better for filtering agricultural runoff in some locations than in others because of intrinsic characteristics of the land on which they are placed. The objective of this study was to develop a method based on soil survey attributes that can be used to compare soil map units for how effectively a buffer installed in them could remove pollutants from crop field runoff. Three separate models were developed. The surface runoff models for sediment and for dissolved pollutants were quantitative, based mainly on slope, soil, and rainfall factors of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), and were calibrated using the Vegetative Filter Strip Model (VFSMOD) for a standard buffer design and field management. The groundwater model categorized map units by the presence or absence of suitably-shallow groundwater and hydric conditions for interaction with the root zone of a buffer. The models were applied to a similar to 65 km(2) (similar to 25 mi(2)) agricultural watershed in northwestern Missouri. Data acquisition, calculations, and map production utilized the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO). For surface runoff, soil survey-based values correlated strongly with corresponding VFSMCD estimates for sediment (R-2 = 0.94) and dissolved pollutant trapping efficiency (R-2 = 0.83) for a wide range of soil, slope, and rainfall conditions. A strong negative correlation between trapping efficiency and field runoff load was indicated. Mapped results revealed large differences in buffer capability for surface runoff across the test watershed (21 to 99 percent for sediment and seven to 47 percent for dissolved pollutants). Trapping efficiency for dissolved pollutants was much smaller than for sediment in every map unit. Lower values of trapping efficiency were associated with map units where runoff loads are higher and where a buffer will trap greater loads of sediment, but smaller loads of dissolved pollutants, than in units with higher values. Comparative rankings can be adjusted somewhat for site conditions that depart from the reference conditions, and recalibration may be desired to better account for them. For groundwater, the confluence of hydric conditions and shallow water table occurred only in the highest reaches of the test watershed, but a buffer can also interact with groundwater in most upland and riparian locations due to the prevalence of a seasonally shallow water table. By this approach, soil surveys may be used as a screening tool to guide planners to locations where buffers are likely to have a greater impact on water quality and away from those where impact is likely to be small. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Dosskey, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 6 BP 344 EP 354 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 119MX UT WOS:000243017500004 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC AF Sigua, Gilbert C. TI Editorial: The new JSS subject area framework - Subject area 'soils' - Challenges SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD NOV PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 192 EP 192 DI 10.1065/jss2006.11.194 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 111WT UT WOS:000242487300002 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Coleman, SW AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Coleman, Samuel W. TI Sustainable management of nutrients in forage-based pasture soils: Effect of animal congregation sites SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; beef cattle; congregation sites; forage-based pastures; nutrient management; sustainability; total extractable inorganic nitrogen; total phosphorus ID CATTLE; NITROGEN; TIME; SALT AB Background. Grazing animals have a dominant effect on the movement and utilization of nutrients through the soil and plant system, and thus on the fertility of pasture soils. Grazing can accelerate and alter the timing of nutrient transfers, and increase the amount of nutrients cycled from plant to soil. Long periods, position of shade, and water resources for grazing cattle can influence the spatial distribution of soil biochemical properties including soil organic carbon (C), total extractable inorganic nitrogen (TEIN), and Melich 1 extractable total phosphorus (TP). Baseline soil samples around and beneath three congregations sites in established (> 10 yr) grazed beef cattle pastures at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Subtropical Agricultural Research Station (STARS), Brooksville, FL, were collected in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Objective. The objective of this study is to test whether cattle congregation sites typical on most Florida ranches, such as mineral feeders, water troughs, and shade areas are more nutrient-rich and may contribute more nutrients to surface and ground-water supply than in other pasture locations under Florida conditions. Results. The levels of soil TEIN and TP were significantly (p <= 0.001) affected by the interaction of congregation sites and distance away from the center of the sites. Mineral feeders had the highest concentration of TP followed by shades and water troughs. The concentrations of soil TP decreased almost linearly, with distance (x = meter) away from the center of the mineral feeders (-5.24x + 55.10; R-2 = 0.92; p <= 0.001) and the shades (-6.25x + 57.21; R-2 = 0.85; p <= 0.001). However, the level of TP around the water troughs (-0.25x + 16.91; R-2 = 0.09) does not appear to change significantly with distance, staying close to about 13-18 mg kg(-1). The levels of TEIN decreased linearly with distance away from the mineral feeders from the center of the shades. A linear model can describe the relationship between TERN and distance away from the center of shades: -11.3x + 78.2; R-2 = 0.95; p <= 0.001. The shaded sites (34.25 +/- 1.7 mg kg(-1)) had higher levels than the mineral feeders (7.22 +/- 0.60 mg kg(-1)) or water troughs (10.06 +/- 0.8 mg kg(-1)) sites. Discussion. The higher soil TP near and around the mineral feeders can be attributed to the presence of phosphorus in the supplemental feeds. The average level of soil TP in the mineral feeders of 34.05 +/- 0.44 mg kg(-1) was not high enough to be of environmental concern. Losses of soil phosphorus by overland flow are becoming a big concern when the concentrations for soil phosphorus exceeded 150 mg kg-1 in the upper 20 cm of soils. With TEIN, the shaded sites (34.25 +/- 1.7 mg kg(-1)) had either higher levels than the mineral feeders (7.22 +/- 0.60 mg kg(-1)) or water trough (10.06 +/- 0.80 mg kg(-1)) sites. Higher TEIN content at the shade sites may have been more likely due to frequent urination of animals and lack of vegetation immediately adjacent to shades. The lack of vegetation within and/or near the shades then had no uptake mechanism for removal of inorganic nitrogen, unlike the heavy demand for inorganic nitrogen by bahiagrass in other areas of the pasture. An accumulation of TEIN immediately adjacent to shades could lead to a potential point source that would be susceptible to leaching or gaseous losses to the environment. Conclusions. Early results of the study are suggesting that cattle congregation sites in beef cattle operations in Florida are not nutrient-rich, therefore may not contribute more nutrients to surface and groundwater supply under Florida conditions. Recommendations and Perspectives. Since there is no apparent vertical build up or horizontal movement of TEIN and TP in the landscape, we can then surmise that cattle congregation sites may be considered not a potential source of nutrients at the watershed level, at least on the sand ridge soils in Florida. Further research is continuing, including sampling at cattle congregation sites at other locations in north and south Florida, which started in July 2004. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD NOV PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1065/jss2006.09.182 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 111WT UT WOS:000242487300021 ER PT J AU Urbanik, TJ Lee, SK Johnson, CG AF Urbanik, Thomas J. Lee, Sung K. Johnson, Charles G. TI Column compression strength of tubular packaging forms made from paper SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE corner post; compression strength; insert; column buckling ID PLATES AB Tubular packaging forms fabricated and shaped from rolled paper are used as reinforcing corner posts for major appliances packaged in corrugated containers. Tests of column compression strength simulate the expected performance loads from appliances stacked in warehouses. Column strength depends on tube geometry, paper properties, basis weight, and number of laminations. A column strength model considers the tube geometry to be a sequence of geometric flat and arched segments with each segment apt to fail by either buckling or compression. Contributions of segments to strength depend on respective failure modes and are appropriately summed. The principles of our derived model provide insight into the optimum paper properties and number of laminations in the selection and design of tubular posts. C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Welch Allyn Inc, Forest Prod Lab, Skaneateles Falls, NY USA. Sonoco Prod Co, Hartsville, SC USA. RP Urbanik, TJ (reprint author), Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 477 EP 483 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 115TL UT WOS:000242756600004 ER PT J AU Gao, X Wilde, PE Lichtenstein, AH Tucker, KL AF Gao, Xiang Wilde, Parke E. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Meeting adequate intake for dietary calcium without dairy foods in adolescents aged 9 to 18 years (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FRUIT JUICE CONSUMPTION; BONE HEALTH; VITAMIN-D; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; COWS MILK; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; NUTRIENT INTAKE; SHORT STATURE AB Background In the United States, >50% of dietary calcium is provided by milk and milk products. Calcium intakes in the United States are inadequate for many children, and a large proportion do not drink milk or consume dairy products. However, no studies have addressed whether dairy-free diets can provide adequate calcium while meeting other nutrient recommendations. Objective To determine the highest calcium intake for adolescents obtained from dairy-free diets, and to examine the relationship between intakes of calcium-fortified foods, using citrus juice as an example, and maximal calcium intakes. Design In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2002, 65 females and 62 males, aged 9 to 18 years, reported no intake of dairy. We used linear programming to generate diets with maximal calcium intake, while meeting Dietary Reference Intakes for a set of nutrients, limiting energy and fat intakes, and not selecting food quantities exceeding amounts usually eaten in the population. Results With food use and energy and fat constraints, diets formulated by linear programming provided 1,150 and 1,411 mg/day of calcium for girls and boys, respectively. With the Dietary Reference Intakes constraints, these decreased to 869 and 1,160 mg/day. When we introduced 1.5 servings of fortified juice to the diets, the highest calcium intake increased to 1,302 mg/day for girls and to 1,640 mg/day for boys. Conclusions Adequate intake for calcium cannot be met with dairy-free diets while meeting other nutrient recommendations. To meet the adequate intake for calcium without large changes in dietary patterns, calcium-fortified foods are needed. In addition, greater physical activity and responsible sunlight exposure should be encouraged to promote vitamin D adequacy. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 60 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 106 IS 11 BP 1759 EP 1765 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.08.019 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 101CA UT WOS:000241715300011 PM 17081826 ER PT J AU Crepinsek, MK Singh, A Bernstein, LS McLaughlin, JE AF Crepinsek, Mary Kay Singh, Anita Bernstein, Lawrence S. McLaughlin, Joan E. TI Dietary effects of universal-free school breakfast: Findings from the evaluation of the School Breakfast Program Pilot Project SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; PATTERNS AB Objective To determine the effects of offering universal-free school breakfast in elementary schools on students' dietary outcomes. Design Experimental study with random assignment of 153 matched elementary schools in six school districts. Treatment schools offered universal-free school breakfast, and control schools continued to operate the traditional means-tested School Breakfast Program. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from sample students near the end of the first year. Subjects About 30 students in second through sixth grades were randomly selected from each school (n=4,358). Intervention Free school breakfasts were made available to all students in treatment schools, regardless of family income, for three consecutive school years (2000-2001 to 2002-2003). Main outcome measures Breakfast consumption and food and nutrient intake. Statistical analyses Hierarchical mixed-models and logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, minority status, and income eligibility for the regular school meal programs, were used to estimate effects. Results Despite a significant increase in school breakfast participation among sample students in treatment schools (from 16% to 40%, P<0.01), the rate of breakfast skipping did not differ between groups (4% overall). Treatment school students were more likely to consume a nutritionally substantive breakfast (P<0.01), but dietary intakes over 24 hours were essentially the same. Conclusions Making universal-free school breakfast available in elementary schools did not change students' dietary outcomes after nearly 1 year. To improve children's diets overall, efforts should focus on ensuring all students have access to a healthful breakfast, at home or at school. C1 Mathemat Policy Res Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Food & Nutr Serv, Off Anal Nutr & Evaluat, USDA, Alexandria, VA USA. Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Crepinsek, MK (reprint author), Mathemat Policy Res Inc, 955 Massachusetts Ave,Suite 801, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mcrepinsek@mathematica-mpr.com NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 106 IS 11 BP 1796 EP 1803 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.08.013 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 101CA UT WOS:000241715300016 PM 17081831 ER PT J AU Marmer, WN Dudley, RL AF Marmer, W. N. Dudley, R. L. TI The oxidative degradation of keratin (wool and bovine hair) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID S-CARBOXYMETHYLKERATIN-A; ALPHA-HELICAL SEGMENTS; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SODIUM PERCARBONATE; II SEGMENT; MECHANISM; CYSTINE; LANTHIONINE AB In our development of multiple formulations for alkaline oxidative dehairing, using perborate, percarbonate, and hydrogen peroxide/cyanate systems, we wondered whether all the oxidative dehairing reactions could be described by a single reaction mechanism. The present study investigated the parameters of base concentration, oxidant, and reaction time, and sought evidence for hair immunization (the formation of protein species insoluble in alkaline sulfide) and cystine oxidation. The base likely played two roles, a catalyst for the hydrolysis of the polypeptide backbone and an aid in the swelling of the hair shaft. The disulfide linkages in cystine were oxidatively cleaved by the oxidizing agent and the reaction mechanism was the same for all of the oxidative systems. MALDI TOF/TOF spectrometry indicated that at least some of the cysteine in solubilized keratin liberated from treatment of alkaline peroxide/cyanate remained intact (unoxidized), but proton NMR spectroscopy showed the oxidation of cystine to cysteic acid for all oxidizing systems studied. Base was effective in hydrolyzing the keratin, but the addition of an oxidizing reagent (perborate) increased the amount of hair (wool) solubilized and decreased the amount of solubilized keratin with a MW >3.5 KDa. The increased rate of alkaline solubilization of wool by incorporation of oxidizing agents suggested that the cleavage of the disulfide linkage further allowed the hair to swell and take up water (and base). C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM wmarmer@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 101 IS 11 BP 408 EP 415 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 106WY UT WOS:000242133900004 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Erhan, SZ AF Moser, Bryan R. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Synthesis and evaluation of a series of alpha-hydroxy ethers derived from isopropyl oleate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; cloud point; alpha-hydroxy ethers; isopropyl esters; pour point ID ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUELS; VEGETABLE-OILS; METHYL-ESTERS; TEMPERATURE; BIODIESEL AB Several fatty derivatives with bulky moieties were prepared by treatment of epoxidized isopropyl oleate with a number of alcohols in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst to provide a series of a-hydroxy ethers in good yield. The materials were analyzed for cold flow performance through cloud point and pour point determinations. The most promising a-hydroxy ether produced in this study, with respect to both low temperature behavior and economic criteria, was isopropyl 9(10)-(2-ethylhexoxy)10(9)-hydroxystearate, which has a cloud point of -23 degrees C and pour point of -24 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM moserbr@ncaur.usda.gov NR 29 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 11 BP 959 EP 963 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5053-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108MB UT WOS:000242242800009 ER PT J AU Olsen, RT Ranney, TG Viloria, Z AF Olsen, Richard T. Ranney, Thomas G. Viloria, Zenaida TI Reproductive behavior of induced allotetraploid xChitalpa and in vitro embryo culture of polyploid progeny SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CATALPA-SPECIOSA BIGNONIACEAE; DINITROANILINE HERBICIDE ACTION; FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; FLORAL DISPLAY; FRUIT-SET; PLANT; ORYZALIN; COLCHICINE; MICROTUBULES AB xChitalpa tashkentensis Elias & Wisura is a sterile intergeneric hybrid [Catalpa bignonioides Walt. x Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet]. To restore fertility in xChitalpa the following were evaluated: 1) oryzalin as a polyploidization agent, 2) fertility of induced polyploids, and 3) in vitro culture methods for embryo rescue of interploid crosses. Meristems of xChitalpa 'Pink Dawn' were submerged in an aqueous solution of 150 mu M oryzalin for 0, 6, 12, or 24 hours and ploidy analyzed via flow cytometry. As treatment duration increased, recovery of diploids decreased as mixoploids and shoot mortality increased. Two tetraploid shoots occurred in the 24-hour treatment. Four tetraploids and two cytochimeras were stabilized in total. Tetraploids flowered sparsely; however, cytochimeras flowered profusely and these were used to study fertility at the tetraploid level. Diploid xChitalpa 'Pink Dawn' pollen was essentially nonviable, but cytochimera pollen stained and germinated equal to or greater than pollen of C. bignonioides and C. linearis 'Bubba'. Cytochimera xChitalpa were selfed yielding tetraploid seedlings, crossed with C. bignonioides to yield triploids, but failed in reciprocal crosses with C. linearis 'Bubba' and 'Burgundy Lace'. To increase recovery of triploids, germination of triploid and tetraploid embryos was investigated, as either intact ovules or excised embryos, on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) basal salts supplemented with sucrose at 20,40, and 80g(.)L(-1), presence or absence of 2% coconut-water, and gibberellic acid (GA(3)) at 0, 1, 2, or 4 mu M, and harvested weekly beginning 2 weeks after pollination (WAP). Germination of triploids (cytochimera xChitalpa x diploid C. bignonioides) and tetraploids (selfed cytochimera xChitalpa) were greatest with excised embryos at 7 WAP on SH supplemented with sucrose at 20 g(.)L(-1) and >= 1 mu M GA(3). Germination of triploids (diploid C. linearis X cytochimera xChitalpa) was < 5 % at 4, 5, or 6 WAP on the same medium as above. Oryzalin effectively induced,polyoloidy and restored fertility in xChitalpa 'Pink Dawn'. Successful crosses between hybrid and parental taxa of-different ploidy levels, coupled with embryo culture will facilitate a xChitalpa breeding program. Chemical names used: 4(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin). C1 N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Olsen, RT (reprint author), US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM Richard.Olsen@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 716 EP 724 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 117JX UT WOS:000242870500002 ER PT J AU Olsen, RT Ranney, TG Werner, DJ AF Olsen, Richard T. Ranney, Thomas G. Werner, Dennis J. TI Fertility and inheritance of variegated and purple foliage across a polyploid series in Hypericum androsaemum L. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE st. john's wort; tutsan; autotetraploid; oryzalin; invasive plants; pollen viability; ornamental plant breeding ID SHARON ALTHEA; ROSE; SEGREGATION; HAZELNUT; BALANCE; CROSSES; MARKERS; GROWTH AB Inheritance of two mutant foliage types, variegated and purple, was investigated for diploid, triploid, and tetraploid tutsan (Hypeticum androsaemum). The fertility of progeny was evaluated by pollen viability tests and reciprocal crosses with diploids, triploids, and tetraploids and germinative capacity of seeds from successful crosses. Segregation ratios were determined for diploid crosses in reciprocal di-hybrid F-1, F-2, BCP1, and BCP2 families and selfed F(2)s with the parental phenotypes. F-2 tetraploids were derived from induced autotetraploid F(1)s. Triploid segregation ratios were determined for crosses between tetraploid F2S and diploid F(1)s. Diploid di-hybrid crosses fit the expected 9: 3: 3: 1 ratio for a single, simple recessive gene for both traits, with no evidence of linkage. A novel phenotype representing a combination of parental phenotypes was recovered. Data from backcrosses and selfing support the recessive model. Both traits behaved as expected at the triploid level; however, at the tetraploid level the number of variegated progeny increased, with segregation ratios falling between random chromosome and random chromatid assortment models. We propose the gene symbol var (variegated) and pl (purple leaf) for the variegated and purple genes, respectively. Mriploid pollen stained moderately well (41%), but pollen germination was low (6%). Mriploid plants were highly infertile, demonstrating extremely low male fertility and no measurable female fertility (no viable seed production). The present research demonstrates the feasibility of breeding simultaneously for ornamental traits and non-invasiveness. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Olsen, RT (reprint author), US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM Richard.Olsen@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 725 EP 730 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 117JX UT WOS:000242870500003 ER PT J AU Pataky, JK Nordby, JN Williams, MM Riechers, DE AF Pataky, Jerald K. Nordby, Jonathan N. Williams, Martin M., II Riechers, Dean E. TI Inheritance of cross-sensitivity in sweet corn to herbicides applied postemergence SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bentazon; carfentrazone; dicamba plus diflufenzopyr; foramsulfuron; mesotrione; nicosulfuron; primisulfuron; rimsulfuron; cytochrome P450; herbicide selectivity; herbicide tolerance; Zea mays ID MAYS CULTIVAR TOLERANCE; ZEA-MAYS; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE; TRANSGENIC RICE; INBRED LINES; NICOSULFURON; PRIMISULFURON; MAIZE; BENTAZON AB Some sweet corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids and inbreds can be severely injured by applications of postemergence herbicides. An association was observed between the responses of sweet corn hybrids and inbreds to nicosulfuron and mesotrione, and F(2) families derived from a cross of a sensitive (Cr1) and a tolerant (Cr2) sweet corn inbred segregated for response to these two herbicides. These observations prompted us to examine the inheritance of sensitivity in sweet corn to multiple postemergence herbicide treatments with different modes of action and to determine if there was a common genetic basis for cross-sensitivity to these herbicides. The sensitive and tolerant inbreds, progeny in the F(1), F(2), BC(1), and BC(2) generations, and BC(1)S(1), BC(2)S(1), F(2:3) (S(1:2)) and F(3:4) (S(2:3)) families were screened for responses to eight herbicide treatments. Based on segregation of tolerant and sensitive progeny and segregation of family responses, our data indicate that a single recessive gene in Cr1 conditioned sensitivity to four acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides (foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and rimsulfuron), a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide (mesotrione), a growth regulator herbicide combination (dicamba + diflufenzopyr), and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide (carfentrazone). Based on highly significant positive correlations of phenotypic responses among BC(1)S(1), BC(2)S(1), F(2:3), and F(3:4) families, the same gene (or closely linked genes) appeared to condition responses to each of these herbicide treatments. The dominant allele also conditions tolerance to bentazon [a photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicide] although another gene(s) also appeared to affect bentazon tolerance. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Invas Weed Management Res, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pataky, JK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM j-pataky@uiuc.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 744 EP 751 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 117JX UT WOS:000242870500006 ER PT J AU Rinehart, TA Scheffler, BE Reed, SM AF Rinehart, Timothy A. Scheffler, Brian E. Reed, Sandra M. TI Genetic diversity estimates for the genus Hydrangea and development of a molecular key based on SSR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hydrangea macrophylla breeding; molecular marker; Dichroa; Schizophragma; Platycrater ID RBCL SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MORPHOLOGICAL DATA; POPULATIONS; DISTANCE; HYBRIDS; MATK AB Using 14 codominant microsatellite markers that amplify loci across 14 different Hydrangea L. species, we analyzed gene diversity and genetic similarity within Hydrangea. Samples also included Dichroa Lour., Platycrater Sieb. and Zucc., and Schizophragma Sieb. and Zucc. genera to establish their relatedness to Hydrangea species since previous work suggests they may be closely related. Our results support the close affiliation between Macrophyllae E.M. McClint. and Petalanthe (Maxim.) Rehder subsections and their separation from the other Hydrangea species. Most of the Hydrangea species analyzed cluster within their designated sections and subsections; however, genetic distance between species within each subsection varied considerably. Our data suggest that morphological analyses which labeled H. serrata (Thunb.) Ser. as a subspecies of H. macrophylla (Thunb. Ex J.A. Murr.) Ser. are probably more accurate than recent genome size data suggesting H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. and H. macrophylla ssp. serrata (Thunb.) Makino are separate species. Gene diversity estimates indicate that 64.7 % of the total diversity is due to differences between species and 49.7 % of the overall variation is due to differences between subsections. Low diversity suggests a lack of gene flow between species and subsections and underscores the difficulty in making wide hybrids. Since only 35.3% of the genetic variation is common to all species, unique alleles were used to develop a molecular key for unambiguous species identification and interspecific hybrid verification. Genetic similarity estimates for all 85 samples suggests a roadmap for introgressing horticulturally important traits from different Hydrangea species. C1 USDA ARS, So Horticultural Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. USDA ARS, Mid S Area Genom Lab, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Nursery Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Horticultural Lab, 810 Highway 26, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 787 EP 797 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 117JX UT WOS:000242870500012 ER PT J AU Kuhn, DN Narasimhan, G Nakamura, K Brown, JS Schnell, RJ Meerow, AW AF Kuhn, David N. Narasimhan, Giri Nakamura, Kyoko Brown, J. Steven Schnell, Raymond J. Meerow, Alan W. TI Identification of cacao TIR-NBS-LRR resistance gene homologues and their use as genetic markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; capillary array electrophoresis (CAE); single-strand confortnational polymorphism (SSCP); single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); candidate genes; non-TIR-NBS-LRR resistance gene hornologues; high-throughput genetic analysis ID CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; THEOBROMA-CACAO; CANDIDATE GENES; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; EVOLUTION; ANALOGS; DIVERSITY; DISEASE; GENOME AB Identifying genetic markers linked to disease resistance in plants is an important goal in marker-assisted selection. Using a candidate-gene approach, we have previously developed genetic markers in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) for two families of genes involved in disease resistance: non-TIR-NBS-LRR (Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat) resistance gene homologues and WRKY transcription factor genes; however, we failed to isolate TIR-NBS-LRR genes. Using a novel algorithm to design degenerate primers, we have now isolated TIR-NBS-LRR loci as determined by DNA sequence comparison. These loci have been developed as genetic markers using capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) and single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. We have mapped three distinct TIR-NBS-LRR loci in an F-2 population of cacao and demonstrated that one is located on linkage group 3 and the other two on linkage group 5. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Kuhn, DN (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Univ Pk Campus, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM kuhnd@fiu.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 806 EP 813 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 117JX UT WOS:000242870500014 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, Gerhard TI Comparative citation analysis of duplicate or highly related publications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOSELECTIVE TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; 1ST TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; DOUBLE-BOND; STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PINENE PATH; TAXOL; ACID; POSITION; IMPACT AB Four cases, illustrated by four examples, of duplicate or highly related publications can be distinguished and are analyzed here using citation data obtained from the Science Citation Index (SCI): (1) publication by different authors in the same journal; (2) the same author(s) publishing in different journals; (3) publication by different authors in different journals; (4) the same author(s) publishing highly related papers simultaneously in the same journal, often as part of a series of papers. Example 1, illustrating case 1, is an occurrence of highly related publications in mechanistic organic chemistry. Example 2, from analytical organic chemistry, contains elements of cases 2 and 3. Example 3, dealing solely with case 3, discusses two time-delayed publications from analytical biochemistry, which were highlighted by Garfield several times in the past to show how the SCI could be utilized to avoid duplicate publication. Example 4, derived from synthetic organic chemistry (total syntheses of taxol), contains elements of cases 1, 3, and 4 and, to a lesser extent, case 2. The citation records of the highly related or duplicate publications can deviate considerably from the journal impact factors; this was observed in three of the four examples relating to cases 2, 3, and 4. The examples suggest that citation of a paper may depend significantly on the journal in which it is published. As an indicator of this dependence, the journals in which the papers used in the present examples appeared were examined. Other factors such as key words in the paper title may also play a role. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1532-2882 J9 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 57 IS 13 BP 1830 EP 1839 DI 10.1002/asi.20409 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 100SL UT WOS:000241688900012 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Lapsley, K Blumberg, J AF Chen, Chung-Yen Lapsley, Karen Blumberg, Jeffrey TI A nutrition and health perspective on almonds SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PRUNUS-DULCIS L.; MAJOR STORAGE PROTEIN; IGE-BINDING PROTEINS; NUT CONSUMPTION; PLASMA-LIPIDS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; LOW-FAT AB Almonds provide a nutrient-dense source of vitamin E, manganese, magnesium, copper, phosphorus, fibre, riboflavin, monounsaturated fatty acids and protein. Although almost 50% of almond weight is fat, incremental intakes of 7 g day(-1) of this tree nut reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration by 1%, especially within the context of diets recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program. Habitual almond consumption does not lead to weight gain, and their inclusion in low-calorie diets appears to promote more weight loss than a comparable carbohydrate-based low-calorie diet. Also, almonds have a low glycemic index and do not adversely impact insulin sensitivity. Almonds are an excellent source of bioavailable alpha-tocopherol, and increasing their intake enhances the resistance of LDL against oxidation. In addition, the polyphenolic constituents of almonds have been characterised recently and found to possess antioxidant actions. While benefits of almonds for cardiovascular health and obesity-related diseases appear promising, the potential allergenic reaction among susceptible individuals can present a risk. Further research is required to achieve a better understanding of the role that the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of almond constituents and the synergy between them play in their associated health outcomes. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab jean Mayer, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Almond Board California, Modesto, CA 95354 USA. RP Blumberg, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab jean Mayer, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu NR 57 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 14 BP 2245 EP 2250 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2659 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 103SO UT WOS:000241907200002 ER PT J AU Lau, FC Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Lau, Francis C. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. TI Beneficial effects of berry fruit polyphenols on neuronal and behavioral aging SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Review DE aging; oxidative stress; inflammation; polyphenolics; brain; signaling ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; FREE-RADICALS; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION AB It is becoming increasingly clear that although there is a great deal of research being devoted to elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in aging, practical information on how to forestall or reverse the deleterious effects of aging may be years away. Therefore, it may be beneficial to determine other methods to improve the quality of life in the aging population. A plethora of epidemiological studies have indicated that individuals who consume a diet containing high amounts of fruits and vegetables may have a reduced incidence of age-associated diseases such as cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Research from our laboratory has suggested that supplementation with fruit or vegetable extracts high in antioxidants can decrease the enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress and inflammation that occurs in aging, and that these reductions are expressed as improvements in behavior. In addition to research indicating the antioxidant or anti-inflammatory functions of the polyphenolic compounds found in these fruits and vegetables, further studies have suggested that other mechanisms such as cellular signaling may contribute to the beneficial effects of these compounds on aging. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 71 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 14 BP 2251 EP 2255 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2671 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 103SO UT WOS:000241907200003 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL AF Luthria, Devanand L. TI Significance of sample preparation in developing analytical methodologies for accurate estimation of bioactive compounds in functional foods SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE functional foods; optimization of extraction technique and conditions; phenolic compounds; sample preparation ID PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ASSISTED EXTRACTION; HEALTH-PROMOTION; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; ACIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; OPTIMIZATION; POLYPHENOLS AB Functional foods are defined as foods or food components that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition (for the intended population). Increased interest in bioactive food components and phytochemicals has arisen from numerous epidemiological studies that suggest that certain phytochemicals can reduce risk of chronic diseases. Sales of functional foods containing high concentrations of bioactive components have increased dramatically during the past two decades. This paper illustrates with examples the significance of sample preparation in developing analytical methodologies for accurate estimation of potentially bioactive compounds present in functional foods using phenolic phytochemicals as model substrates. The primary three steps in any analysis are sampling, sample preservation, and sample preparation. These three initial steps are often overlooked and considered 'as a means to an end' and are often not well documented in the published literature. This paper outlines a systematic protocol for optimizing extraction of phytochemicals from different plant matrices. Accurate analysis of bioactive compounds is critical for their precise and reproducible quantification in different foods, establishing appropriate dietary intake and safety guidelines, and understanding their role in human health and nutrition. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, BARC E,ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, BARC E,ARS, Room 202B,Bldg 161,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 14 BP 2266 EP 2272 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2666 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 103SO UT WOS:000241907200005 ER PT J AU Kim, LM Afonso, CL Suarez, DL AF Kim, L. Mia Afonso, Claudio L. Suarez, David L. TI Effect of probe-site mismatches on detection of virulent Newcastle disease viruses using a fusion-gene real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE fusion gene; Newcastle disease virus; pigeon paramyxovirus-1; real-time RT-PCR; virus detection ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; 2002-2003 OUTBREAK; PCR ASSAY; SEQUENCE; CALIFORNIA; PIGEONS; BIRDS AB Virulent forms of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are a major concern for poultry producers around the world and the rapid diagnosis of an outbreak is crucial to any control program. A validated realtime reverse transcription-PCR test (fusion test) directed at the fusion-cleavage site of NDV was developed to differentiate virulent Newcastle disease virus strains from those of low virulence, however one virulent isolate, Dove/Italy/2736/2000, escaped detection during the initial evaluation of the test. The objectives of this study were to determine how this isolate differed from other detectable isolates, to identify other isolates that may fail detection, and to characterize the effect of specific probe-site mutations on the fusion test at a range of annealing temperatures. Using a virulent NDV isolate (Game fowl/US(CA)/2002) as a backbone that has 100% identity to the fusion-test probe, specific changes were made to the fusion-test probe-site to reflect the unique mismatches found in Dove/Italy/2736/2000 and other selected regions of the probe. Mutated clones with mismatches unique to Dove/Italy/2736/2000 at positions 6, 13, and 14 were not detected until annealing temperatures were lowered to 50 degrees C. Those detected at 58 degrees C contained 1-2 mismatches (position I and 6, 13 and 14, or 14 only) although increased cycle threshold values compared to the parent clone indicated decreased sensitivity. Data from this study predicts that the fusion test may fail to detect some viruses among lineage 4b and potential solutions to identify this subset of viruses include lowering the annealing temperature or modifying the probe. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 519 EP 528 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 106UW UT WOS:000242128500001 PM 17121078 ER PT J AU Spraker, TR Gidlewski, TL Balachandran, A VerCauteren, KC Creekmore, L Munger, RD AF Spraker, Terry R. Gidlewski, Thomas L. Balachandran, Aru VerCauteren, Kurt C. Creekmore, Lynn Munger, Randy D. TI Detection of PrPCWD in postmortem rectal lymphoid tissues in Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) infected with chronic wasting disease SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; rectal lymphoid tissues; Rocky Mountain elk ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRECLINICAL DIAGNOSIS; SCRAPIE; SHEEP; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; VIRGINIANUS; VALIDATION AB Preclinical diagnostic tests for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies have been described for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), using biopsy tissues of palatine tonsil, and for sheep, using lymphoid tissues from palatine tonsil, third eyelid, and rectal mucosa. The utility of examining the rectal mucosal lymphoid tissues to detect chronic wasting disease (CWD) was investigated in Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), a species for which there is not a live-animal diagnostic test. Postmortem rectal mucosal sections were examined from 308 elk from two privately owned herds that were depopulated. The results of the postmortem rectal mucosal sections were compared to immunohistochemical staining of the brainstem, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, and palatine tonsil. Seven elk were found positive using the brainstem (dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve), retropharyngeal lymph nodes, and palatine tonsil. Six of these elk were also found positive using postmortem rectal mucosal sections. The remaining 301 elk in which CWD-associated abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPCWD) was not detected in the brainstem and cranial lymphoid tissues were also found to be free of PrPCWD when postmortem rectal mucosal sections were examined. The use of rectal mucosal lymphoid tissues may be suitable for a live-animal diagnostic test as part of an integrated management strategy to limit CWD in elk. C1 Colorado State Univ, Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. APHIS, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. APHIS, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Anim Dis Res Inst, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. APHIS, USDA, Vet Serv, Lincoln, NE 68516 USA. RP Spraker, TR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 300 W Drake Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Terry.Spraker@colostate.edu NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 553 EP 557 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 106UW UT WOS:000242128500005 PM 17121082 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Cutlip, RC Miller, JM Williams, ES Richt, JA AF Hamir, Amir N. Kunkle, Robert A. Cutlip, Randall C. Miller, Janice M. Williams, Elizabeth S. Richt, Juergen A. TI Transmission of chronic wasting disease of mule deer to Suffolk sheep following intracerebral inoculation SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; immunohistochemistry; intracerebral transmission; prion protein; sheep; spongiform encephalopathy ID PRION PROTEIN; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; NEUROAXONAL DYSTROPHY; UNITED-STATES; SCRAPIE; CATTLE; AGENT; DIAGNOSIS AB To determine the transmissibility of chronic wasting disease (CWD) to sheep, 8 Suffolk lambs of various prion protein genotypes (4 ARQ/ARR, 3 ARQ/ARQ, 1 ARQ/VRQ at codons 136, 154, and 171, respectively) were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from mule deer with CWD (CWDmd). Two other lambs were kept as noninoculated controls. Within 36 months postinoculation (MPI), 2 inoculated animals became sick and were euthanized. Only 1 sheep (euthanized at 35 MPI) showed clinical signs that were consistent with those described for scrapie. Microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) were only seen in this sheep, and its tissues were determined to be positive for the abnormal prion protein (PrPres) by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Three other inoculated sheep were euthanized (36 to 60 MPI) because of conditions unrelated to TSE. The 3 remaining inoculated sheep and the 2 control sheep did not have clinical signs of disease at the termination of the study (72 MPI) and were euthanized. Of the 3 remaining inoculated sheep, 1 was found to have SE, and its tissues were positive for PrPres. The sheep with clinical prion disease (euthanized at 35 MPI) was of the heterozygous genotype (ARQ/VRQ), and the sheep with subclinical disease (euthanized at 72 MPH) was of the homozygous ARQ/ARQ genotype. These findings demonstrate that transmission of the CWDmd agent to sheep via the intracerebral route is possible. Interestingly, the host genotype may play a notable part in successful transmission and incubation period of CWDmd. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 558 EP 565 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 106UW UT WOS:000242128500006 PM 17121083 ER PT J AU Driskell, EA Ridpath, JF AF Driskell, Elizabeth A. Ridpath, Julia F. TI A survey of bovine viral diarrhea virus testing in diagnostic laboratories in the United States from 2004 to 2005 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE bovine viral diarrhea virus; control; diagnostic tests; eradication; survey ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BVDV INFECTIONS; SAMPLES; CALVES; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; CATTLE; ASSAYS; SERUM; SKIN; PCR AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has a great economic impact on the United States cattle industry. The Academy of Veterinary Consultants, the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, and the National Cattlemen's Beef Association have called for the goal of BVDV control and eventual eradication in the USA. One of the key factors in such efforts will be the detection of BVDV infections, particularly targeting persistently infected animals. To assess current BVDV detection methods in the USA, 26 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in 23 states were surveyed. Survey questions related to the types of tests currently offered, the number of tests performed, the reasons for test requests, the type of samples used, whether sample pooling was performed, and whether follow-up testing or information regarding bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) management was provided after positive tests. There was no clear consensus on an individual BVDV testing method, the pooling of samples or the retesting of positive animals. Ear-notch antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACE) was the test most frequently performed based on the absolute number of tests. However, when the data were adjusted to reflect individual laboratory choices, the number of ACE and immunohistochemistry tests performed on ear notches was nearly equal. Only 55% of diagnostic laboratories provided BVD management information to producers or veterinarians who submitted positive samples. There was no significant difference in the number of positive tests in laboratories that received the majority of their samples for screening purposes versus laboratories that received the majority of their samples because BVDV was suspected based on clinical signs in a herd. C1 ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Unit, NADC, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Unit, NADC, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 600 EP 605 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 106UW UT WOS:000242128500015 PM 17121092 ER PT J AU Myers-Evert, DK Herrmann-Hoesing, LM AF Myers-Evert, Dawn K. Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. TI Ovine progressive pneumonia virus capsid is B-cell immunodominant using Western blot analysis: A comparison of sensitivity between Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE OPPV; sheep; Western blot; serology; ovine lentivirus; immunoprecipitation ID CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS; SURFACE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PROTEIN ELISA; SHEEP; LENTIVIRUS; VISNA; ANTIBODIES; GOATS AB A Western blot assay was developed and analyzed against the comparable standard, immunoprecipitation of (35)[S]-methionine/cysteine-labeled ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) proteins, for its ability to detect anti-OPPV antibodies using endpoint titers. Western blot analysis is 12-fold more sensitive in detecting endpoint anti-capsid antibody titers than IP, and the capsid is the B-cell immunodominant OPPV protein when utilizing Western blot analysis. Since the surface envelope glycoprotein is the B-cell immunodominant OPPV protein when utilizing immunoprecipitation. this suggests immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis measure different types of antibody that are more specific for conformational and linear OPPV protein epitopes, respectively. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dkevert@vetmed.wsu.edu; lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2006 VL 137 IS 2 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.06.025 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 097FM UT WOS:000241432400024 PM 16879880 ER PT J AU Richt, JA Lekcharoensuk, P Lager, KM Vincent, AL Loiacono, CM Janke, BH Wu, WH Yoon, KJ Webby, RJ Solorzano, A Garcia-Sastre, A AF Richt, Juergen A. Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa Lager, Kelly M. Vincent, Amy L. Loiacono, Christina M. Janke, Bruce H. Wu, Wai-Hong Yoon, Kyoung-Jin Webby, Richard J. Solorzano, Alicia Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo TI Vaccination of pigs against swine influenza viruses by using an NS1-truncated modified live-virus vaccine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNAS; CD8(+) T-CELLS; A VIRUS; NS1 PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES; CROSS-PROTECTION; NORTH-AMERICA AB Swine influenza viruses (SIV) naturally infect pigs and can be transmitted to humans. In the pig, genetic reassortment to create novel influenza subtypes by mixing avian, human, and swine influenza viruses is possible. An SIV vaccine inducing cross-protective immunity between different subtypes and strains circulating in pigs is highly desirable. Previously, we have shown that an H3N2 SIN (A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98 [TX98]) containing a deleted NS1 gene expressing a truncated NS1 protein of 126 amino acids, NS1 triangle 126, was attenuated in swine. In this study, 4-week-old pigs were vaccinated with the TX98 NS1 triangle 126 modified live virus (MLV). Ten days after boosting, pigs were challenged with wild-type homologous H3N2 or heterosubtypic H1N1 SIV and sacrificed 5 days later. The MLV was highly attenuated and completely protected against challenge with the homologous virus. Vaccinated pigs challenged with the heterosubtypic H1N1 virus demonstrated macroscopic lung lesions similar to those of the unvaccinated H1N1 control pigs. Remarkably, vaccinated pigs challenged with the H1N1 SIV had significantly lower microscopic lung lesions and less virus shedding from the respiratory tract than did unvaccinated, H1N1-challenged pigs. All vaccinated pigs developed significant levels of hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers in serum and mucosal immunoglobulin A antibodies against H3N2 SIV antigens. Vaccinated pigs were seronegative for NS1, indicating the potential use of the TX98 NS1 triangle 126 MLV as a vaccine to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. St Jude Childrens Hosp, Div Virol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave,B-15, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jricht@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI062623, R01 AI046954, R01AI46954, U19AI62623, U54 AI057158, U54AI57158] NR 58 TC 94 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 80 IS 22 BP 11009 EP 11018 DI 10.1128/JVI.00787-06 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 102OI UT WOS:000241821300011 PM 16943300 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT Ford, WM AF Brooks, Robert T. Ford, W. Mark TI Introduction to the special section - Bat habitat use in eastern North American temperate forests: Site, stand, and landscape effects SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE bat; bats; communities; forest; landscape; roost; scale; species; stand ID CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS AB Forest bats of eastern North America select habitats for roosting, foraging, and winter hibemation/migration over a myriad of scales. An understanding of forest-bat habitat use over scales of time and space is important for their conservation and management. The papers in this Special Section report studies of bat habitat use across multiple scales from locations across the eastern forests of North America. The consensus of the studies in the Special Section is that the larger portion of the variability in bat habitat use occurs at the smaller scales of sites (roost trees) and stands (foraging areas). Nevertheless, it was also recognized that these features occur discontinuously across larger-scale watersheds and landscapes. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Northeastern Res Atn, US Forest Serv, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rtbrooks@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1173 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1171:ITTSSH]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 118HJ UT WOS:000242932700001 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Menzel, JM Menzel, MA Edwards, JW Kilgo, JC AF Ford, W. Mark Menzel, Jennifer M. Menzel, Michael A. Edwards, John W. Kilgo, John C. TI Presence and absence of bats across habitat scales in the upper Coastal Plain of south Carolina SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 90th Annual Meeting of the Ecological-Society-of-America/9th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Ecol Soc Amer DE acoustical sampling; bat foraging; Carolina bay; echolocation; habitat model; pine savanna ID INSECTIVOROUS BATS; LASIURUS-BOREALIS; URBAN LANDSCAPE; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; NYCTICEIUS-HUMERALIS; ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; FORAGING HABITAT; L-SEMINOLUS; SELECTION AB During 2001, we used active acoustical sampling (Anabat II) to survey foraging habitat relationships of bats on the Savannah River Site (SRS) in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Using an a priori information-theoretic approach, we conducted logistic regression analysis to examine presence of individual bat species relative to a suite of microhabitat, stand, and landscape-level features such as forest structural metrics, forest type, proximity to riparian zones and Carolina bay wetlands, insect abundance, and weather. There was considerable empirical support to suggest that the majority of the activity of bats across most of the 6 species occurred at smaller, stand-level habitat scales that combine measures of habitat clutter (e.g., declining forest canopy cover and basal area), proximity to riparian zones, and insect abundance. Accordingly, we hypothesized that most foraging habitat relationships were more local than landscape across this relatively large area for generalist species of bats. The southeastern myotis (Myotis austroriparius) was the partial exception, as its presence was linked to proximity of Carolina bays (best-approximating model) and bottomland hardwood communities (other models with empirical support). Efforts at SRS to promote open longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and loblolly pine (P. taeda) savanna conditions and to actively restore degraded Carolina bay wetlands will be beneficial to bats. Accordingly, our results should provide managers better insight for crafting guidelines for bat habitat conservation that could be linked to widely accepted land management and environmental restoration practices for the region. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 76 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1209 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1200:PAAOBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 118HJ UT WOS:000242932700005 ER PT J AU Loeb, SC O'Keefe, JM AF Loeb, Susan C. O'Keefe, Joy M. TI Habitat use by forest bats in South Carolina in relation to local, stand, and landscape characteristics SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 90th Annual Meeting of the Ecological-Society-of-America/9th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Ecol Soc Amer DE acoustic sampling; bats; clutter; forest structure; gaps; habitat use; South Carolina ID ROOST-SITE SELECTION; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; BROWN BATS; RED BATS; LASIURUS-BOREALIS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; WESTERN OREGON; ECHOLOCATION; CLUTTER AB Knowledge and understanding of bat habitat associations and the responses of bats to forest management are critical for effective bat conservation and management. Few studies have been conducted on bat habitat use in the southeast, despite the high number of endangered and sensitive species in the region. Our objective was to identify important local, stand, and landscape factors influencing bat habitat use in northwestern South Carolina, USA. We hypothesized that use would be greatest 1) at points with relatively sparse vegetation, 2) in early successional and mature stands, and 3) at points close to streams. We also predicted that species would exhibit different patterns of habitat use based on morphology. We placed Anabat II bat detectors at points located in 3 forest types and 3 age classes to record bats from May-August 2004 and 2005. We used an information theoretic approach to determine the variables that best predicted use by bats. Vegetation density at the sample point was the best predictor of overall bat presence in 2004. In 2005 vegetation density and distance to the closest road were the best predictors of overall bat use; the model containing age class also had good support. Bats were more likely to be recorded at points with sparse vegetation, farther from roads, and in early successional stands. Vegetation density was also the best predictor of habitat use by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and red bats (Lasiurus borealis); both species were far more likely to be recorded at points with sparse vegetation at the sample point. Eastern pipistrelles (Pipistrellus subflavus) were also more likely to be recorded at points with sparse vegetation and in early successional stands. The best predictors of northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) habitat use were vegetation density and age class. Northern long-eared bats were more likely to be recorded at points with sparse vegetation and in mature stands. Our results suggest that early successional habitats and small openings and gaps within forest stands provide suitable commuting and foraging bat habitat in northwestern South Carolina. However, mature forests are also important for some species. Forest management practices that provide a variety of age classes across the landscape and that create gaps and openings within mid- and late-successional stands will likely provide suitable habitat for bats in the mountains of South Carolina. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources,So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources,So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1210 EP 1218 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1210:HUBFBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 118HJ UT WOS:000242932700006 ER PT J AU Raley, CM Aubry, KB AF Raley, Catherine M. Aubry, Keith B. TI Foraging ecology of pileated woodpeckers in coastal forests of Washington SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 90th Annual Meeting of the Ecological-Society-of-America/9th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Ecol Soc Amer DE carpenter ant; Dryocopus pileatus; foraging; forest management; habitat selection; log; Pacific Northwest; pileated woodpecker; scat analysis; snag ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; WESTERN OREGON; ROOST TREES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HABITAT USE; NEST; REQUIREMENTS; BRUNSWICK; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR AB In the Pacific Northwest, providing adequate habitat for pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) has been a key component of federal forest management strategies for over 20 years. Although their nesting and roosting ecology has been well studied, information on their foraging ecology is limited. From 1990 to 1995, we studied food habits of pileated woodpeckers in coastal forests (with scat analysis); estimated the relative abundance of their primary prey, carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.), associated with logs and cut stumps; and investigated selection of forest structures and site characteristics used by pileated woodpeckers for foraging. Pileated woodpeckers primarily consumed carpenter ants (54% of diet), but round-headed beetle larvae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and dampwood termites (Isoptera, Termopsidae) were important food items during the breeding season (Mar-Jun). Selection of foraging structures was related to wood characteristics and microsite conditions that influence the presence and abundance of arthropod prey. Pileated woodpeckers foraged almost exclusively (95016) on standing structures, selecting tall, large-diameter snags in early to moderate stages of decay. Contrary to previous studies, pileated woodpeckers rarely (2010) foraged on logs. Carpenter ants were scarce at logs in closed-canopy habitats, which suggested that in coastal forests logs are too cool and wet to support abundant populations of carpenter ants. Selection of foraging sites by pileated woodpeckers was influenced by the abundance of potential foraging structures; 0.4-ha plots with recent foraging activity had greater densities of large snags (> 51 cm dbh and >= 7.5 m tall) than plots without recent foraging. The efficacy of management strategies designed to provide habitat for pileated woodpeckers would be enhanced if they included specific provisions for foraging habitat and accounted for regional differences in the types of structures that provide suitable conditions for wood-dwelling arthropods. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Raley, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM craley@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1266 EP 1275 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1266:FEOPWI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 118HJ UT WOS:000242932700012 ER PT J AU Dolbeer, RA AF Dolbeer, Richard A. TI Height distribution of birds recorded by collisions with civil aircraft SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 90th Annual Meeting of the Ecological-Society-of-America/9th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Ecol Soc Amer DE aircraft; airport; bird; bird strike; civil aviation; damage; height; migration; nocturnal; waterfowl AB The National Wildlife Strike Database for Civil Aviation in the United States contained 38,961 reports of aircraft collisions with birds (bird strikes) from 1990-2004 in which the report indicated the height above ground level (AGL). I analyzed these strike reports to determine the distribution of all strikes and those strikes causing substantial damage to aircraft by height. For the 26% of strikes above 500 feet (152 m) AGL (n = 10, 143), a simple negative exponential model, with height as the independent variable, explained 99% of the variation in number of bird strikes per 1,000-foot (305-m) interval. Strikes declined consistently by 32% every 1,000 feet from 501-20,500 feet (153-6,248 m). For strikes at <= 500 feet, passerines, gulls and terns, pigeons and doves, and raptors were the identified species groups most frequently struck. For strikes at > 500 feet, waterfowl, gulls and terns, passerines, and vultures were the species groups most frequently struck. For strikes that resulted in substantial damage to the aircraft, 66% occurred at <= 500 feet, 29% between 501-3,500 feet (153-1,067 m), and 5% above 3,500 feet. A higher (P < 0.001) proportion of strikes between 501-3,500 feet caused substantial damage to the aircraft (6.0%) than did strikes at <= 500 feet (3.6%) or at > 3,500 feet (3.2%). For strikes at <= 500 feet, July-October were the months with the greatest proportion of strikes relative to aircraft movements. For strikes at > 500 feet, September-November and April-May had more strikes than expected. About 61% of the reported strikes above 500 feet occurred at night, compared to only 18% of civil aircraft movements. Thus, about 7 times more strikes occurred per aircraft movement at night compared to day above 500 feet. This analysis confirmed that management programs to reduce strikes should focus on the airport environment because 74% of all strikes and 66% of strikes causing substantial damage occur at <= 500 feet. To minimize significant strike events occurring outside the airport (> 500 feet), efforts to predict or monitor bird movements using bird avoidance models and bird-detecting radar need to focus on heights between 500 and 3,500 feet AGL, with special emphasis on night movements of birds during April-May and September-November. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Dolbeer, RA (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM Richard.a.dolbeer@aphis.usda.gov NR 28 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1350 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1345:HDOBRB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 118HJ UT WOS:000242932700021 ER PT J AU Covert-Bratland, KA Block, WM Theimer, TC AF Covert-Bratland, Kristin A. Block, William M. Theimer, Tad C. TI Hairy woodpecker winter ecology in ponderosa pine forests representing different ages since wildfire SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 90th Annual Meeting of the Ecological-Society-of-America/9th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Ecol Soc Amer DE Arizona; foraging behavior; hairy woodpecker; home range; Picoides villosus; Pinus ponderosa; ponderosa pine; prey resources; wildfire; winter ecology ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HOME-RANGE; PILEATED WOODPECKER; NORTHERN ARIZONA; SAMPLE-SIZE; FIRE; DYNAMICS; BEETLES; HABITAT AB We investigated how changes in vegetation structure and prey resources following wildfire affected the winter ecology of hairy woodpeckers (Picoides villosus) in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of northern Arizona, USA. Using point-counts, radiotelemetry, and focal bird observation, we assessed the relative abundance, home range size and composition, and habitat use by foraging hairy woodpeckers in 3 stands that had experienced wildfire in 1996, 2000, or 2002. Because we conducted the study over 2 years, we used the 1996 fire to represent 6 and 7 years after fire, while we used the 2000 fire to represent 2 and 3 years after fire in a space-for-time substitution chronosequence analysis. We also assessed bark beetle and woodborer density by x-raying bark samples collected from a subset of trees within burned areas. We detected significantly greater hairy woodpecker relative abundance in burned forests representing 1 and 2 years after fire, and bark beetle and woodborer density was highest in these stands as well. Woodpecker home range size increased across stands representing increasing time since fire. Within a burn, hairy woodpeckers used high-severity burned areas more than moderate-severity burned areas representing 2 and 3 years after fire, but not in areas representing 6 and 7 years after fire. Bark beetle and woodborer densities were also higher in high-severity burned stands representing 2 and 3 years after fire. Hairy woodpeckers used edges of high-severity burned areas more than the interior. We hypothesize that an initial increase in bark beetle and woodborer density following fire allowed for higher woodpecker abundance and smaller home ranges, but as burned forests aged, bark beetle and woodborer density within trees decreased, killed trees fell, and, in response, hairy woodpecker relative abundance decreased and home range size increased. These patterns suggest that high-severity burned areas provide important but ephemeral resources to this dominant primary cavity-nester. The higher bark beetle and woodborer densities and greater use of edges of high-severity burned areas by woodpeckers suggests that salvage logging of these areas could remove potential prey and preferred foraging areas for hairy woodpeckers, especially when trees are removed along severely burned edges. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Covert-Bratland, KA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kbratland@fs.fed.us NR 97 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1392 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1379:HWWEIP]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 118HJ UT WOS:000242932700025 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. APHIS, USDA, AC, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 35 IS 10 BP 18 EP 18 DI 10.1038/laban1106-18 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 182QJ UT WOS:000247518800006 PM 17077829 ER PT J AU Little, JM Grimsrud, KM Champ, PA Berrens, RP AF Little, Joseph M. Grimsrud, Kristine M. Champ, Patricia A. Berrens, Robert P. TI Investigation of stated and revealed preferences for an elk hunting raffle SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-GOODS; QUALITY; LOTTERY; MODELS; DEMAND AB The charter forest experiment at the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP) in New Mexico provides land managers, policymakers, and researchers a unique opportunity to examine an alternative public land management institution. The VCNP mature bull elk permit lottery has been the largest revenue-generating recreation program at the preserve since the program's inception in 2002. This paper uses stated and revealed preference ticket purchase data, collected through an online survey, to estimate a set of ticket demand equations for the purpose of assessing revenue generation, access, and the willingness to donate to this program. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Econ, Sch Management, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Natl Ctr Res Resources, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Little, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Econ, Sch Management, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0023-7639 EI 1543-8325 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 82 IS 4 BP 623 EP 640 PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105MY UT WOS:000242035500009 ER PT J AU Yao, J Peters, DPC Havstad, KM Gibbens, RP Herrick, JE AF Yao, Jin Peters, Debra P. C. Havstad, Kris M. Gibbens, Robert P. Herrick, Jeffrey E. TI Multi-scale factors and long-term responses of Chihuahuan Desert grasses to drought SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid grasslands; desertification; drought; grazing; perennial grasses; transport processes ID SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND RANGE; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; TRANSITION ZONE; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; DESERTIFICATION; EROSION; SCALE AB Factors with variation at broad (e.g., climate) and fine scales (e.g., soil texture) that influence local processes at the plant scale (e.g., competition) have often been used to infer controls on spatial patterns and temporal trends in vegetation. However, these factors can be insufficient to explain spatial and temporal variation in grass cover for and and semiarid grasslands during an extreme drought that promotes woody plant encroachment. Transport of materials among patches may also be important to this variation. We used long-term cover data (19152001) combined with recently collected field data and spatial databases from a site in the northern Chihuahuan Desert to assess temporal trends in cover and the relative importance of factors at three scales (plant. patch, landscape unit) in explaining spatial variation in grass cover. We examined cover of five important grass species from two topographic positions before, during, and after the extreme drought of the 1950s. Our results show that dynamics before, during, and after the drought varied by species rather than by topographic position. Different factors were related to cover of each species in each time period. Factors at the landscape unit scale (rainfall, stocking rate) were related to grass cover in the pre- and post-drought periods whereas only the plant-scale factor of soil texture was significantly related to cover of two upland species during the drought. Patch-scale factors associated with the redistribution of water (microtopography) were important for different species in the pre- and post-drought period. Another patch-scale factor, distance from historic shrub populations, was important to the persistence of the dominant grass in uplands (Bouteloua eriopoda) through time. Our results suggest the importance of local processes during the drought, and transport processes before and after the drought with different relationships for different species. Disentangling the relative importance of factors at different spatial scales to spatial patterns and long-term trends in grass cover can provide new insights into the key processes driving these historic patterns, and can be used to improve forecasts of vegetation change in and and semiarid areas. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, 2995 Knox St,MSC 3JER,NMSU,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu NR 61 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1217 EP 1231 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-0025-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 106GP UT WOS:000242089300005 ER PT J AU Kronberg, SL Barcelo-Coblijn, G Shin, J Lee, K Murphy, EJ AF Kronberg, S. L. Barcelo-Coblijn, G. Shin, J. Lee, K. Murphy, E. J. TI Bovine muscle n-3 fatty acid content is increased with flaxseed feeding SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; BEEF MUSCLE; DAIRY-COWS; MEAT; HEART; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; DIETS AB We examined the ability of n-3 FA in flaxseed-supplemented rations to increase the n-3 FA content of bovine muscle. Two groups of animals were used in each of two separate trials: (i) Hereford steers supplemented (or not) with ground flaxseed (907 g/d) for 71 cl, and (ii) Angus steers supplemented (or not) with ground flaxseed (454 g/d for 3 d followed by 907 g/d for 110 d). For the Hereford group, flaxseed-supplemented rations increased 18:3n-3 (4.0-fold), 20:5n-3 (1.4-fold), and 22:5n-3 (1.3-fold) mass as compared with the control, and increased total n-3 mass about 1.7-fold. When these data were expressed as mol%, the increase in 18:3n-3 was 3.3-fold and in 20:5n-3 was 1.3-fold in the phospholipid fraction, and I 8:3n-3 was increased 4-fold in the neutral lipid fraction. For the Angus group, flaxseed ingestion increased masses and composition of n-3 FA similarly to that for the Here-fords and doubled the total n-3 FA mass. The effect of cooking to a common degree of doneness on FA composition was determined using steaks from a third group of cattle, which were Angus steers. We demonstrated no adverse effects on FA composition by grilling steaks to an internal temperature of 64 degrees C. Because n-3 FA may affect gene expression, we used quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to quantify the effect of feeding flaxseed on heart-FA binding protein, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and alpha (PPAR alpha) gene expression in the muscle tissue. PPAR gamma mRNA level was increased 2.7-fold in the flaxseed-fed Angus steers compared with the control. Thus, we demonstrate a significant increase in n-3 FA levels in bovine muscle from cattle fed rations supplemented with flaxseed and increased expression of genes that regulate lipid metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Interdisciplinary PHD Program Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Kronberg, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM kronberg@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Kichoon/G-2234-2012 FU PHS HHS [5P20R017699-02] NR 44 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1059 EP 1068 DI 10.1007/s11745-006-5056-z PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 121VH UT WOS:000243184600008 PM 17263305 ER PT J AU Green, BT Heaton, MP Clawson, ML Laegreid, WW AF Green, Benedict T. Heaton, Michael P. Clawson, Michael L. Laegreid, William W. TI Linkage disequilibrium across six prion gene regions spanning 20 kbp in US sheep SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID NATURAL SCRAPIE; PROTEIN GENE; PRP GENE; SUFFOLK SHEEP; GENOTYPE DATA; BEEF-CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; FLOCK AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotype alleles within the prion gene (PRNP) coding sequence of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are associated with genetic predisposition to scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease of sheep. This report describes regions of linkage disequilibrium (LD) throughout the PRNP gene region in U.S. sheep and provides a genetic framework for identifying additional PRNP determinants associated with scrapie resistance. Four sequence tagged sites (i.e., STS or amplicons) totaling 3869 bp and spanning 20 kbp of genomic PRNP sequence were sequenced in a diverse panel of 90 sires representing ten popular U.S. breeds of sheep. Analysis of these sequences identified 36 previously unreported polymorphisms. In combination with two previously characterized STS, 62 polymorphisms were analyzed in a 20-kbp PRNP region in this panel of U.S. sheep. Two regions of strong LD and ten common haplotypes were identified. The haplotype encoding amino acid residues A, R, and Q at codons 136, 154, and 171, respectively, was observed on nine larger haplotypes spanning PRNP from the promoter region to the 3' untranslated region. The haplotype encoding VRQ was observed on two larger haplotypes, whereas ARR, ARH, and AHQ were each present on a single haplotype. The existence of multiple haplotypes encoding ARQ raises the question of whether sheep bearing these different haplotypes are equally susceptible to scrapie. The haplotype structure within the 20-kbp region of PRNP identified in this study is important for higher-resolution analysis of genetics contributions to scrapie susceptibility. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Laegreid, WW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM laegreid@email.marc.usda.gov OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1121 EP 1129 DI 10.1007/s00335-006-0042-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 106WM UT WOS:000242132700006 PM 17091320 ER PT J AU Zanquetta, MM Nascimento, MEC Mori, RCT Schaan, BD Young, ME Machado, UF AF Moreira Zanquetta, Melissa Cabral Nascimento, Monalisa Edi Tieko Mori, Rosana Cristina D'Agord Schaan, Beatriz Young, Martin E. Fabres Machado, Ubiratan TI Participation of beta-adrenergic activity in modulation of GLUT4 expression during fasting and refeeding in rats SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID SYMPATHETIC-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RESPONSIVE GLUCOSE-TRANSPORTER; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; COLD-EXPOSURE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; NOREPINEPHRINE TURNOVER; HEART-RATE; INSULIN; GENE AB Through in vitro studies, several factors have been reported as modulators of GLUT4 gene expression. However, the role(s) of each potential GLUT4 modulator is not completely understood in the in vivo setting. The present study has investigated the hypothesis that beta-adrenergic stimulation participates in modulation of GLUT4 expression during fasting and refeeding. As such, GLUT4 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were investigated in insulin-sensitive tissues during a 48-hour fast. In addition, the effects of 8-hour refeeding on GLUT4 mRNA in the gastrocnemius muscle and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) were investigated. Whether beta-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol (20 mg/kg) treatment influenced the responsiveness to fasting/refeeding was also investigated. The results show that fasting repressed GLUT4 gene and protein expression in BAT, white adipose tissue, and soleus muscle, but had no effect on the gastrocnemius muscle. Refeeding induced a rapid overexpression of GLUT4 mRNA in both gastrocnemius (similar to 25%, P < .05) and BAT (similar to 200%, P < .001). Propranolol treatment induced an increase (similar to 60%, P < .05) in GLUT4 mRNA at the end of the fasting period. In contrast, propranolol treatment attenuated GLUT4 mRNA induction after refeeding; the latter may be due to attenuation of postprandial insulin levels. These results suggest that sympathetic activity is important for the repression of GLUT4 gene expression during fasting. In contrast, sympathetic control of the GLUT4 gene seems to be overbalanced by metabolic/hormonal modulators during refeeding stage. Taken together, the results suggest that feeding behavior influences GLUT4 gene expression pattern through changes in sympathetic activity, especially during long-term starvation periods. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. State Rio Grande do Sul Univ Fdn Cardiol, Inst Cardiol, Dept Expt Med, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Machado, UF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM ubiratan@icb.usp.br RI Mori, Rosana/F-2655-2013 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1538 EP 1545 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.06.026 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 099GX UT WOS:000241582500015 PM 17046558 ER PT J AU Kaplan, ML Charney, JJ Waight, KT Lux, KM Cetola, JD Huffman, AW Riordan, AJ Slusser, SD Kiefer, MT Suffern, PS Lin, YL AF Kaplan, M. L. Charney, J. J. Waight, K. T., III Lux, K. M. Cetola, J. D. Huffman, A. W. Riordan, A. J. Slusser, S. D. Kiefer, M. T. Suffern, P. S. Lin, Y. -L. TI Characterizing the severe turbulence environments associated with commercial aviation accidents. A real-time turbulence model (RTTM) designed for the operational prediction of hazardous aviation turbulence environments SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLEAR-AIR TURBULENCE AB In this paper, we will focus on the real-time prediction of environments that are predisposed to producing moderate-severe (hazardous) aviation turbulence. We will describe the numerical model and its postprocessing system that is designed for said prediction of environments predisposed to severe aviation turbulence as well as presenting numerous examples of its utility. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that simple hydrostatic precursor circulations organize regions of preferred wave breaking and turbulence at the nonhydrostatic scales of motion. This will be demonstrated with a hydrostatic numerical modeling system, which can be run in real time on a very inexpensive university computer workstation employing simple forecast indices. The forecast system is designed to efficiently support forecasters who are directing research aircraft to measure the environment immediately surrounding turbulence. The numerical model is MASS version 5.13, which is integrated over three different grid matrices in real-time on a university workstation in support of NASA-Langley's B-757 turbulence research flight missions. The model horizontal resolutions are 60, 30, and 15 km and the grids are centered over the region of operational NASA-Langley B-757 turbulence flight missions. The postprocessing system includes several turbulence-related products including four turbulence forecasting indices, winds, streamlines, turbulence kinetic energy, and Richardson numbers. Additionally there are convective products including precipitation, cloud height, cloud mass fluxes, lifted index, and K-index. Furthermore, soundings, sounding parameters, and Froude number plots are also provided. The horizontal cross section plot products are provided from 16,000-46,000 feet in 2,000 feet intervals. Products are available every three hours at the 60 and 30 km grid interval and every 1.5 hours at the 15 km grid interval. The model is initialized from the NWS ETA analyses and integrated two times a day. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. MESO Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yl_lin@ncsu.edu OI Kiefer, Michael/0000-0002-4824-0148 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1-4 BP 235 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s00703-005-0181-4 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 099RG UT WOS:000241612500016 ER PT J AU Cook, KL Garland, JL Layton, AC Dionisi, HM Levine, LH Sayler, GS AF Cook, K. L. Garland, J. L. Layton, A. C. Dionisi, H. M. Levine, L. H. Sayler, G. S. TI Effect of microbial species richness on community stability and community function in a model plant-based wastewater processing system SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; PASTURE SOIL; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; RHIZOSPHERE; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; CULTURE; DEGRADATION AB Microorganisms will be an integral part of biologically based waste processing systems used for water purification or nutrient recycling on long-term space missions planned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In this study, the function and stability of microbial inocula of different diversities were evaluated after inoculation into plant-based waste processing systems. The microbial inocula were from a constructed community of plant rhizosphere-associated bacteria and a complexity gradient of communities derived from industrial wastewater treatment plant-activated sludge. Community stability and community function were defined as the ability of the community to resist invasion by a competitor (Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL) and the ability to degrade surfactant, respectively. Carbon source utilization was evaluated by measuring surfactant degradation and through Biolog and BD oxygen biosensor community level physiological profiling. Community profiles were obtained from a 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region array. A wastewater treatment plant-derived community with the greatest species richness was the least susceptible to invasion and was able to degrade surfactant to a greater extent than the other complexity gradient communities. All communities resisted invasion by a competitor to a greater extent than the plant rhizosphere isolate constructed community. However, the constructed community degraded surfactant to a greater extent than any of the other communities and utilized the same number of carbon sources as many of the other communities. These results demonstrate that community function (carbon source utilization) and community stability (resistance to invasion) are a function of the structural composition of the community irrespective of species richness or functional richness. C1 Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Kennedy Space Ctr, Dynam Corp, DYN3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cook, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM klcook@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 52 IS 4 BP 725 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9105-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 114IR UT WOS:000242660400014 PM 17075733 ER PT J AU Xiong, YW Fei, SZ Brummer, EC Moore, KJ Barker, RE Jung, GW Curley, J Warnke, SE AF Xiong, Yanwen Fei, Shui-zhang Brummer, E. Charles Moore, Kenneth J. Barker, Reed E. Jung, Geunhwa Curley, J. Warnke, Scott E. TI QTL analyses of fiber components and crude protein in an annual x perennial ryegrass interspecific hybrid population SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE forage quality; Lolium multiflorum Lam; Lolium perenne L; quantitative trait loci ID LOLIUM-PERENNE; FORAGE QUALITY; FLINT LINES; TRAITS; MAIZE; L.; DIGESTIBILITY; MAP; TESTCROSSES; GENOMES AB Annual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and perennial (Lolium perenne L.) ryegrasses are two important forage and turfgrass species. Improving the digestibility of forage by decreasing fiber content is a major goal in forage crop breeding programs. An annual x perennial ryegrass interspecific hybrid population was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fiber components, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL), and crude protein (CP). Samples were harvested three times in August and September 2003 and August 2004, respectively. Simple interval mapping was used to detect QTLs from both the male and female parental maps previously developed for the population. Fiber components were all correlated positively with each other and were negatively correlated with CP. The largest correlations were between NDF and ADF with r = 0.86, 0.72, and 0.82 for each of the three harvests. All four traits showed intermediate broad-sense heritability values ranging from 0.35 to 0.72. A total of 63 QTLs were detected for the four traits measured over the three harvests from both the female and male maps. Coincident QTLs were detected on linkage groups (LGs) 2, 6, and 7 for NDF, LGs 1, 2, and 7 for ADF, LGs 6 and 7 for ADL, and LG 2 for CP, respectively. Coincident QTLs were also detected on LGs 2, 6, and 7 for NDF and ADF, providing evidence of the genetic basis of the observed high level of phenotypic correlation. The QTLs on LGs 2, 6, and possibly 7 for fiber components were co-located on the same LG as several lignin biosynthetic genes from perennial ryegrass. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fei, SZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sfei@iastate.edu NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s11032-006-9034-1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 099RL UT WOS:000241613000005 ER PT J AU Lindeberg, M Cartinhour, S Myers, CR Schechter, LM Schneider, DJ Collmer, A AF Lindeberg, Magdalen Cartinhour, Samuel Myers, Christopher R. Schechter, Lisa M. Schneider, David J. Collmer, Alan TI Closing the circle on the discovery of genes encoding Hrp regulon members and type III secretion system effectors in the genomes of three model Pseudomonas syringae strains SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review DE ECF sigma factor; functional genomics; microarrays ID PV. TOMATO DC3000; PLANT-PATHOGEN; EXCHANGEABLE EFFECTOR; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; LESION FORMATION; HOST-RESISTANCE; LEAF SURFACES; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION; PHASEOLICOLA AB Pseudomonas syringae strains translocate large and distinct collections of effector proteins into plant cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Mutations in T3SS-encoding hrp genes are unable to elicit the hypersensitive response or pathogenesis in nonhost and host plants, respectively. Mutations in individual effectors lack strong phenotypes, which has impeded their discovery. R syringae effectors are designated Hop (Hrp outer protein) or Avr (avirulence) proteins. Some Hop proteins are considered to be extracellular T3SS helpers acting at the plant-bacterium interface. Identification of complete sets of effectors and related proteins has been enabled by the application of bioinformatic and high-throughput experimental techniques to the complete genome sequences of three model strains: P syringae pv. tomato DC3000, P syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A, and R syringae pv. syringae B728a. Several recent papers, including three in this issue of Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, address the effector inventories of these strains. These studies establish that active effector genes in R syringae are expressed by the HrpL alternative sigma factor and can be predicted on the basis of cis Hrp promoter sequences and N-terminal amino-acid patterns. Among the three strains analyzed, R syringae pv. tomato DC3000 has the largest effector inventory and P syringae pv. syringae B728a has the smallest. Each strain has several effector genes that appear inactive. Only five of the 46 effector families that are represented in these three strains have an active member in all of the strains. Web-based community resources for managing and sharing growing information on these complex effector arsenals should help future efforts to understand how effectors promote P. syringae virulence. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Theory, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Collmer, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM arc2@cornell.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 48 TC 102 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1151 EP 1158 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-1151 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 097CP UT WOS:000241424300001 PM 17073298 ER PT J AU Ferreira, AO Myers, CR Gordon, JS Martin, GB Vencato, M Collmer, A Wehling, MD Alfano, JR Moreno-Hagelsieb, G Lamboy, WF DeClerck, G Schneider, DJ Cartinhour, SW AF Ferreira, Adriana O. Myers, Christopher R. Gordon, Jeffrey S. Martin, Gregory B. Vencato, Monica Collmer, Alan Wehling, Misty D. Alfano, James R. Moreno-Hagelsieb, Gabriel Lamboy, Warren F. DeClerck, Genevieve Schneider, David J. Cartinhour, Samuel W. TI Whole-genome expression profiling defines the HrpL regulon of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, allows de novo reconstruction of the Hrp cis clement, and identifies novel coregulated genes SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE weight matrix model ID PROTEIN SECRETION SYSTEM; ALTERNATE SIGMA-FACTOR; RALSTONIA-SOLANACEARUM; PHASEOLICOLA 1448A; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; PATHOGEN; SEQUENCE; VIRULENCE; ARABIDOPSIS; CORONATINE AB Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a model pathogen of tomato and Arabidopsis that uses a hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence effector proteins into host cells. Expression of the Hrp system and many effector genes is activated by the HrpL alternative sigma factor. Here, an open reading frame-specific whole-genome microarray was constructed for DC3000 and used to comprehensively identify genes that are differentially expressed in wild-type and Delta hrpL strains. Among the genes whose differential regulation was statistically significant, 119 were upregulated and 76 were downregulated in the wild-type compared with the Delta hrpL strain. Hierarchical clustering revealed a subset of eight genes that were upregulated particularly rapidly. Gibbs sampling of regions upstream of HrpL-activated operons revealed the Hrp promoter as the only identifiable regulatory motif and supported an iterative refinement involving real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of additional HrpL-activated genes and refinements in a hidden Markov model that can be used to predict Hrp promoters in P syringae strains. This iterative bioinformatic-experimental approach to a comprehensive analysis of the HrpL regulon revealed a mix of genes controlled by HrpL, including those encoding most type III effectors, twin-arginine transport (TAT) substrates, other regulatory proteins, and proteins involved in the synthesis or metabolism of phytohormones, phytotoxins, and myo-inositol. This analysis provides an extensively verified, robust method for predicting Hrp promoters in P syringae genomes, and it supports subsequent identification of effectors and other factors that likely are important to the host-specific virulence of P. syringae. C1 USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Theory, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Cartinhour, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sc167@cornell.edu RI Martin, Gregory/F-6262-2011; Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Martin, Gregory/0000-0003-0044-6830; Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 52 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1167 EP 1179 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-1167 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 097CP UT WOS:000241424300003 PM 17073300 ER PT J AU Schechter, LM Vencato, M Jordan, KL Schneider, SE Schneider, DJ Collmer, A AF Schechter, Lisa M. Vencato, Monica Jordan, Katy L. Schneider, Sarah E. Schneider, David J. Collmer, Alan TI Multiple approaches to a complete inventory of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 type III secretion system effector proteins SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; HRP PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; DISEASE RESISTANCE GENES; FLANK AVIRULENCE GENES; PLANT-CELLS; GENOMEWIDE IDENTIFICATION; EXCHANGEABLE EFFECTOR; ARABIDOPSIS GENES; LESION FORMATION; VIRULENCE AB Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a pathogen of tomato and Arabidopsis that translocates virulence effector proteins into host cells via a type III secretion system (T3SS). Many effector-encoding hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) outer protein (hop) genes have been identified previously in DC3000 using bioinformatic methods based on Hrp promoter sequences and characteristic N-terminal amino acid patterns that are associated with T3SS substrates. To approach completion of the Hop/effector inventory in DC3000, 44 additional candidates were tested by the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (Cya) translocation reporter assay; 10 of the high-probability candidates were confirmed as T3SS substrates. Several previously predicted hop genes were tested for their ability to be expressed in an HrpL-dependent manner in culture or to be expressed in planta. The data indicate that DC3000 harbors 53 hop/avr genes and pseudogenes (encoding both injected effectors and T3SS substrates that probably are released to the apoplast); 33 of these genes are likely functional in DC3000, 12 are nonfunctional members of valid Hop families, and 8 are less certain regarding their production at functional levels. Growth of DC3000 in tomato and Arabidopsis Col-0 was not impaired by constitutive expression of repaired versions of two hops that were disrupted naturally by transposable elements or of hop genes that are naturally cryptic. In summary, DC3000 carries a complex mixture of active and inactive hop genes, and the hop genes in P syringae can be identified efficiently by bioinformatic methods; however, a precise inventory of the subset of Hops that are important in pathogenesis awaits more knowledge based on mutant phenotypes and functions within plants. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Collmer, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM arc2@cornell.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 56 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1180 EP 1192 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-1180 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 097CP UT WOS:000241424300004 PM 17073301 ER PT J AU Vencato, M Tian, F Alfano, JR Buell, CR Cartinhour, S DeClerck, GA Guttman, DS Stavrinides, J Joardar, V Lindeberg, M Bronstein, PA Mansfield, JW Myers, CR Collmer, A Schneider, DJ AF Vencato, Monica Tian, Fang Alfano, James R. Buell, C. Robin Cartinhour, Samuel DeClerck, Genevieve A. Guttman, David S. Stavrinides, John Joardar, Vinita Lindeberg, Magdalen Bronstein, Philip A. Mansfield, John W. Myers, Christopher R. Collmer, Alan Schneider, David J. TI Bioinformatics-enabled identification of the HrpL regulon and type III secretion system effector proteins of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Avr/Hop proteins ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; TOMATO DC3000 GENOME; AVIRULENCE GENE-D; PLANT PATHOGEN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE RESISTANCE AB The ability of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola to cause halo blight of bean is dependent on its ability to translocate effector proteins into host cells via the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS). To identify genes encoding type III effectors and other potential virulence factors that are regulated by the HrpL alternative sigma factor, we used a hidden Markov model, weight matrix model, and type III targeting-associated patterns to search the genome of P syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A, which recently was sequenced to completion. We identified 44 high-probability putative Hrp promoters upstream of genes encoding the core T3SS machinery, 27 candidate effectors and related T3SS substrates, and 10 factors unrelated to the Hrp system. The expression of 13 of these candidate HrpL regulon genes was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and all were found to be upregulated by HrpL. Six of the candidate type III effectors were assayed for T3SS-dependent translocation into plant cells using the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (Cya) translocation reporter, and all were translocated. PSPPH1855 (ApbE-family protein) and PSPPH3759 (alcohol dehydrogenase) have no apparent T3SS-related function; however, they do have homologs in the model strain R syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PSPT02105 and PSPT00834, respectively) that are similarly upregulated by HrpL. Mutations were constructed in the DC3000 homologs and found to reduce bacterial growth in host Arabidopsis leaves. These results establish the utility of the bioinformatic or candidate gene approach to identifying effectors and other genes relevant to pathogenesis in P. syringae genomes. C1 USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Imperial Coll Wye, Dept Agr Sci, Ashford TN25 5AH, Kent, England. Cornell Univ, Ctr Theory, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schneider, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM djs30@cornell.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 68 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1193 EP 1206 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-1193 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 097CP UT WOS:000241424300005 PM 17073302 ER PT J AU Jafary, H Szabo, LJ Niks, RE AF Jafary, Hossein Szabo, Les J. Niks, Rients E. TI Innate nonhost immunity in barley to different heterologous rust fungi is controlled by sets of resistance genes with different and overlapping specificities SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE basal resistance; Hordeum vulgare; partial resistance ID PUCCINIA-HORDEI; LINKAGE MAP; LEAF RUST; PLANT DEFENSE; ARABIDOPSIS; IDENTIFICATION; PREHAUSTORIAL; PERCEPTION; MORPHOLOGY; PATHOGENS AB We developed an evolutionary relevant model system, barley-Puccini rust fungi, to study the inheritance and specificity of plant factors that determine to what extent innate nonhost immunity can be suppressed. A mapping population was developed from a cross between an experimental barley line (Suspired) with exceptional susceptibility to several heterogonous (nonhost) rust fungi and regular, immune, cv. Veda. Seedlings were inoculated with five heterogonous and two homologous (host) species of rust fungi. Resistance segregated quantitatively for each of the rust fungi. In total, 18 chromosomal regions were implicated. For each rust species, a different set of genes was effective. Of the 18 chromosomal regions, 11 were significantly effective to only one rust species and 7 were effective to more than one rust species, implying genetic linkage or pleiotropy. One resistance (R) gene for hypersensitive resistance to Puccinia hordei-secalini was mapped, suggesting occasional contribution of R genes to nonhost resistance in barley. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with effects to multiple rust fungi did not tend to be particularly effective to rust species that were phylogenetically related, as determined from their internal transcribed spacer sequence. We suggest that the QTLs described here play a role as specific and quantitative recognition factors that are specifically negated by the rust to successfully suppress innate immunity. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Breeding, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands. Plant Pests & Dis Res Inst, Agr Res & Educ Org, Tehran, Iran. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Niks, RE (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands. EM Rients.Niks@wur.nl NR 37 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1270 EP 1279 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-1270 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 097CP UT WOS:000241424300012 PM 17073309 ER PT J AU White, MM James, TY O'Donnell, K Cafaro, MJ Tanabe, Y Sugiyama, J AF White, Merlin M. James, Timothy Y. O'Donnell, Kerry Cafaro, Matias J. Tanabe, Yuuhiko Sugiyama, Junta TI Phylogeny of the Zygomycota based on nuclear ribosomal sequence data SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE Asellariales; basal lineages; Chytridiomycota; Fungi; molecular systematics; opisthokont ID AQUATIC INSECT LARVAE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; REVISED CLASSIFICATION; FUNGI CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA; DNA-SEQUENCES; HARPELLALES; GENUS; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; ASELLARIALES AB The Zygomycota is an ecologically heterogenous assemblage of nonzoosporic fungi comprising two classes, Zygomycetes and Trichomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the phylum is polyphyletic; two of four orders of Trichomycetes are related to the Mesomycetozoa (protists) that diverged near the fungal/animal split. Current circumscription of the Zygomycota includes only orders with representatives that produce zygospores. We present a molecular-based phylogeny including recognized representatives of the Zygomycetes and Trichomycetes with a combined dataset for nuclear rRNA 18S (SSU), 5.8S and 28S (LSU) genes. Tree reconstruction by Bayesian analyses suggests the Zygomycota is paraphyletic. Although 12 clades were identified only some of these correspond to the nine orders of Zygomycota currently recognized. A large superordinal clade, comprising the Dimargaritales, Harpellales, Kickxellales and Zoopagales, grouping together many symbiotic fungi, also is identified in part by a unique septal structure. Although Harpellales and Kickxellales are not monophyletic, these lineages are distinct from the Mucorales, Endogonales and Mortierellales, which appear more closely related to the Ascomycota + Basidiomycota + Glomeromycota. The final major group, the insect-associated Entomophothorales, appears to be polyp phyletic. In the present analyses Basidiobolus and Neozygites group within Zygomycota but not with the Entomophthorales. Clades are discussed with special reference to traditional classifications, mapping morphological characters and ecology, where possible, as a snapshot of our current phylogenetic perspective of the Zygomycota. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Lab Intellectual Fundamentals Environm Studies, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. TechnoSuruga Co Ltd, Tokyo Off, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1010052, Japan. RP White, MM (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM MerlinWhite@boisestate.edu NR 106 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 45 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 872 EP 884 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.872 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 159IK UT WOS:000245858800005 PM 17486964 ER PT J AU Aime, MC Matheny, PB Henk, DA Frieders, EM Nilsson, RH Piepenbring, M McLaughlin, DJ Szabo, LJ Begerow, D Sampaio, JP Bauer, R Weiss, M Oberwinkler, F Hibbett, D AF Aime, M. Catherine Matheny, P. Brandon Henk, Daniel A. Frieders, Elizabeth M. Nilsson, R. Henrik Piepenbring, Meike McLaughlin, David J. Szabo, Les J. Begerow, Dominik Sampaio, Jose Paulo Bauer, Robert Weiss, Michael Oberwinkler, Franz Hibbett, David TI An overview of the higher level classification of Pucciniomycotina based on combined analyses of nuclear large and small subunit rDNA sequences SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE basidiomycetes; molecular phylogenetics; parasitic fungi; rDNA systematics; Urediniomycetes ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; RNA GENE; BASIDIOMYCETOUS YEASTS; EOCRONARTIUM-MUSCICOLA; PACHNOCYBE-FERRUGINEA; RUST FUNGI; SMUT FUNGI; HETEROBASIDIOMYCETE; LIFE; TUBERCULINA AB In this study we provide a phylogenetically based introduction to the classes and orders of Pucciniomycotina (=Urediniomycetes), one of three subphyla of Basidiomycota. More than 8000 species of Pucciniomycotina have been described including putative saprotrophs and parasites of plants, animals and fungi. The overwhelming majority of these (similar to 90%) belong to a single order of obligate plant pathogens, the Pucciniales (=Uredinales), or rust fungi. We have assembled a dataset of previously published and newly generated sequence data from two nuclear rDNA genes (large subunit and small subunit) including exemplars from all known major groups in order to test hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among the Pucciniomycotina. The utility of combining nuc-lsu sequences spanning the entire D1-D3 region with complete nuc-ssu sequences for resolution and support of nodes is discussed. Our study confirms Pucciniomycotina as a monophyletic group of Basidiomycota. In total our results support eight major clades ranked as classes (Agaricostilbomycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Cryptomycocolacomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Mixiomycetes and Pucciniomycetes) and 18 orders. C1 USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, S-40020 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Frankfurt, Dept Mycol, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Tubingen, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, SABT, CREM, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. RP Aime, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cathie@nt.ars-grin.gov RI Nilsson, Henrik/A-6062-2009; Sampaio, Jose Paulo/C-5532-2011; WeiSS, Michael/F-6206-2012; REQUIMTE, MM/M-6160-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013; OI WeiSS, Michael/0000-0002-4869-9186; Sampaio, Jose/0000-0001-8145-5274; Nilsson, Henrik/0000-0002-8052-0107 NR 68 TC 78 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 26 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 896 EP 905 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.896 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 159IK UT WOS:000245858800007 PM 17486966 ER PT J AU Larsson, KH Parmasto, E Fischer, M Langer, E Nakasone, KK Redhead, SA AF Larsson, Karl-Henrik Parmasto, Erast Fischer, Michael Langer, Ewald Nakasone, Karen K. Redhead, Scott A. TI Hymenochaetales: a molecular phylogeny for the hymenochaetoid clade SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Basidiomycetes; Bayesian inference; Blasiphalia; corticioid fungi; Hyphodontia; molecular systematics; phylogeny; Rickenella ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; NORTH-AMERICA; FUNGI; APHYLLOPHORALES; BASIDIOMYCOTA; MUSHROOMS; BRIDGEOPORUS; DIVERSITY; EUAGARICS; AGARICS AB The hymenochaetoid clade is dominated by wood-decaying species previously classified in the artificial families Corticiaceae, Polyporaceae and Stereaceae. The majority of these species cause a white rot. The polypore Bridgeoporus and several corticioid species with inconspicuous basidiomata, live in association with brown-rotted wood, but their nutritional strategy is Dot known. Mycorrhizal habit is reported for Coltricia perennis but needs confirmation. A surprising element in the hymenochaetoid clade is a group of small white to brightly pigmented agarics earlier classified in Omphalina. They form a subclade together with some similarly colored stipitate stereoid and corticioid species. Several are associated with living mosses or one-celled green algae. Hyphoderma pratermissum and some related corticioid species have specialized organs for trapping and killing nematodes as a source of nitrogen. There are no unequivocal morphological synapomorphies known for the hymenochaetoid clade. However almost all species examined ultrastructurally have dolipore septa with continuous parenthesomes while perforate parenthesomes is the normal condition for other homobasidiomycete clades. The agaricoid Hymenochaetales have not been examined. Within Hymenochaetales the Hymenochaetaceae forms a distinct clade but unfortunately all morphological characters supporting Hymenochaetaceae also are found in species outside the clade. Other subclades recovered by the molecular phylogenetic analyses are less uniform, and the overall resolution within the nuclear LSU tree presented here is still unsatisfactory. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Mol Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. Staatl Weinbauinst, D-79100 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, CEF, ECORC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Larsson, KH (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Mol Sci, Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM karl-henrik.larsson@dpes.gu.se RI Langer, Ewald/D-8479-2012 NR 61 TC 88 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 21 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 926 EP 936 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.926 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 159IK UT WOS:000245858800010 PM 17486969 ER PT J AU Hosaka, K Bates, ST Beever, RE Castellano, MA Colgan, W Dominguez, LS Nouhra, ER Geml, J Giachini, AJ Kenney, SR Simpson, NB Spatafora, JW Trappe, JM AF Hosaka, Kentaro Bates, Scott T. Beever, Ross E. Castellano, Michael A. Colgan, Wesley, III Dominguez, Laura S. Nouhra, Eduardo R. Geml, Jozsef Giachini, Admir J. Kenney, S. Ray Simpson, Nicholas B. Spatafora, Joseph W. Trappe, James M. TI Molecular phylogenetics of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi with an establishment of the new subclass Phallomycetidae and two new orders SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE atp6; EF-1 alpha; homobasidiomycetes; rDNA; RPB2; systematics ID TRUFFLE-LIKE FUNGI; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; RDNA SEQUENCES; BASIDIOMYCOTINA; EVOLUTION; PROTUBERA; CORTINARIACEAE; MITOCHONDRIAL; HYSTERANGIUM AB Molecular phylogenetic analyses for the gomphoid-phalloid fungi were conducted based on the five gene dataset with extensive taxon sampling. The monophyly of the gomphoid-phalloid clade was strongly supported, and four well Supported major subclades were recognized. Three of the four subclades were represented entirely by gastroid taxa, and only Gomphales contained both gastroid and nongastroid taxa. While the gastroid morphology is derived from epigeous, nongastroid taxa in Gomphales, the topology of Phallales indicated that truffle-like form is an ancestral morphology of the stinkhorn fruiting bodies. Although basidiospore maturation occurs within the enclosed fruiting bodies of the stinkhorn, the elevation of the mature spore-producing tissue represents an independent origin of the stipe among Basidiomycota. Comparisons are made between previous and new classification schemes, which are based on the results of phylogenetic analyses. Based on the results of these analyses, a new subclass Phallomycetidae, and two new orders, Hysterangiales and Geastrales, are proposed. C1 Field Museum, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Landcare Res, Auckland, New Zealand. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO 80906 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Muiltidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. Univ Alaska, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. SBW Brasil Agrifloricultura Ltda, BR-13825000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Physiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hosaka, K (reprint author), Field Museum, Dept Bot, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM khosaka@fieldmuseum.org RI Giachini, Admir/C-4007-2014 OI Giachini, Admir/0000-0001-8347-003X NR 56 TC 93 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 17 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 949 EP 959 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.949 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 159IK UT WOS:000245858800012 PM 17486971 ER PT J AU Matheny, PB Curtis, JM Hofstetter, V Aime, MC Moncalvo, JM Ge, ZW Yang, ZL Slot, JC Ammirati, JF Baroni, TJ Bougher, NL Hughes, KW Lodge, DJ Kerrigan, RW Seidl, MT Aanen, DK DeNitis, M Daniele, GM Desjardin, DE Kropp, BR Norvell, LL Parker, A Vellinga, EC Vilgalys, R Hibbett, DS AF Matheny, P. Brandon Curtis, Judd M. Hofstetter, Valerie Aime, M. Catherine Moncalvo, Jean-Marc Ge, Zai-Wei Yang, Zhu-Liang Slot, Jason C. Ammirati, Joseph F. Baroni, Timothy J. Bougher, Neale L. Hughes, Karen W. Lodge, D. Jean Kerrigan, Richard W. Seidl, Michelle T. Aanen, Duur K. DeNitis, Matthew Daniele, Graciela M. Desjardin, Dennis E. Kropp, Bradley R. Norvell, Lorelei L. Parker, Andrew Vellinga, Else C. Vilgalys, Rytas Hibbett, David S. TI Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE Basidiomycota; fungi; phylogeny; mycorrhiza; systernatics; rbb1; rpb2 ID PARTIAL SYSTEMATICS SOLUTIONS; FUNGUS-GROWING TERMITES; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; BASIDIOMYCETE PATHOGEN; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; RDNA SEQUENCES; SENSU-LATO; EUAGARICS; INFERENCE AB An overview of the phylogeny of the Agaricales is presented based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region supermatrix. Bayesian analyses of 5611 nucleotide characters of rpb1, rpb1-intron 2, rpb2 and 18S, 25S, and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes recovered six major clades, which are recognized informally and labeled the Agaricoid, Tricholomatoid, Marasmioid, Pluteoid, Hygrophoroid and Plicaturopsidoid clades. Each clade is discussed in terms of key morphological and ecological traits. At least 11 origins of the ectomycorrhizal habit appear to have evolved in the Agaricales, with possibly as many as nine origins in the Agaricoid plus Tricholomatoid clade alone. A family based phylogenetic classification is sketched for the Agaricales, in which 30 families, four unplaced tribes and two informally named clades are recognized. C1 Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Lab Genet, NL-6703 BD Wageningen, Netherlands. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Biol, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Mycol Serv, Portland, OR 97229 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept PLant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Biol Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Bot, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, FPPL, Inst Inst Trop Forestry, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. Sylvan Res, Kittanning, PA 16201 USA. Environm Microbiol Lab Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. RP Matheny, PB (reprint author), Clark Univ, Dept Biol, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM pmatheny@clarku.edu RI Slot, Jason/E-4802-2011; Desjardin, Dennis/D-4201-2013 NR 116 TC 256 Z9 279 U1 7 U2 56 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 982 EP 995 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 159IK UT WOS:000245858800015 PM 17486974 ER PT J AU Suh, SO Blackwell, M Kurtzman, CP Lachance, MA AF Suh, Sung-Oui Blackwell, Meredith Kurtzman, Cletus P. Lachance, Marc-Andre TI Phylogenetics of Saccharomycetales, the ascomycete yeasts SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Hemiascomycetes; rDNA; systematics ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID REASSOCIATION; GENOME DUPLICATION; FERMENTING YEASTS; EPHEMERAL FLOWERS; SP-NOV; GENUS; EVOLUTION; CANDIDA; HYBRIDIZATION; PROPOSAL AB Ascomycete yeasts (phylum Ascomycota: subphylum Saccharomycotina: class Saccharomycetes: order Saccharomycetales) comprise a monophyletic lineage with a single order of about 1000 known species. These yeasts live as saprobes, often in association with plants, animals and their interfaces. A few species account for most human mycotic infections, and fewer than 10 species are plant pathogens. Yeasts are responsible for important industrial and biotechnological processes, including baking, brewing and synthesis of recombinant proteins. Species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are model organisms in research, some of which led to a Nobel Prize. Yeasts usually reproduce asexually by budding, and their sexual states are not enclosed in a fruiting body. The group also is well defined by synapomorphies visible at the ultrastructural level. Yeast identification and classification changed dramatically with the availability of DNA sequencing. Species identification now benefits from a constantly updated sequence database and no longer relies on ambiguous growth tests. A phylogeny based on single gene analyses has shown the order to be remarkably divergent despite morphological similarities among members. The limits of many previously described genera are not supported by sequence comparisons, and multigene phylogenetic studies are under way to provide a stable circumscription of genera, families and orders. One recent multigene study has resolved species of the Saccharomycetaceae into genera that differ markedly from those defined by analysis of morphology and growth responses, and similar changes are likely to occur in other branches of the yeast tree as additional sequences become available. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Blackwell, M (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mblackwell@lsu.edu NR 58 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 25 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1006 EP 1017 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.1006 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 159IK UT WOS:000245858800017 PM 17486976 ER PT J AU Zhang, N Castlebury, LA Miller, AN Huhndorf, SM Schoch, CL Seifert, KA Rossman, AY Rogers, JD Kohlmeyer, J Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B Sung, GH AF Zhang, Ning Castlebury, Lisa A. Miller, Andrew N. Huhndorf, Sabine M. Schoch, Conrad L. Seifert, Keith A. Rossman, Amy Y. Rogers, Jack D. Kohlmeyer, Jan Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte Sung, Gi-Ho TI An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE classification; ecology; evolution; Hypocreomycetidae; Sordariomycetidae; Xylariomycetidae ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MARINE ASCOMYCOTA; FUNGI; GENERA; HYPOXYLON; RDNA; 18S; CHAETOSPHAERIA; LULWORTHIALES AB The Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes in the Ascomycota, and the majority of its species are characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. It includes more than 600 genera with over 3000 species and represents a wide range of ecologies including pathogens and endophytes of plants, animal pathogens and mycoparasites. To test and refine the classification of the Sordariomycetes sensu Eriksson (2006), the phylogenetic relationship among 106 taxa from 12 orders out of 16 in the Sordariomycetes was investigated based on four nuclear loci (nSSU and nLSU rDNA, TEE and RPB2), using three species of the Leotiomycetes as outgroups. Three subclasses (i.e. Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae and Xylariomycetidae) currently recognized in the classification are well supported with the placement of the Lulworthiales in either a basal group of the Sordariomycetes or a sister group of the Hypocreomycetidae. Except for the Microascales, our results recognize most of the orders as monophyletic groups. Melanospora species form a clade outside of the Hypocreales and are recognized as a distinct order in the Hypocreomycetidae. Glomerellaceae is excluded from the Phyllachorales and placed in Hypocreomycetidae incertae sedis. In the Sordariomycetidae, the Sordariales is a strongly supported clade and occurs within a well supported clade containing the Boliniales and Chaetosphaeriales. Aspects of morphology, ecology and evolution are discussed. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Bidivers Mycol & BOt, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sung, GH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM sungg@science.oregonstate.edu RI Schoch, Conrad/J-4825-2012; Zhang, Ning/K-3046-2012 OI Zhang, Ning/0000-0003-0755-2505 NR 63 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 9 U2 26 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1076 EP 1087 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.1076 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 159IK UT WOS:000245858800023 PM 17486982 ER PT J AU Tomberlin, JK Rains, GC Allan, SA Sanford, MR Lewis, WJ AF Tomberlin, Jeffery K. Rains, Glen C. Allan, Sandy A. Sanford, Michelle R. Lewis, W. Joe TI Associative learning of odor with food- or blood-meal by Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera : Culicidae) SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE diptera; Culex quinquefasciatus; associative learning ID PARASITOID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; MANDUCA-SEXTA; HOST; MOSQUITOS; VECTORS; MEMORY; HONEYBEE; MOTH AB The ability of many insects to learn has been documented. However, a limited number of studies examining associative learning in medically important arthropods has been published. Investigations into the associative learning capabilities of Culex quinquefasciatus Say were conducted by adapting methods commonly used in experiments involving Hymenoptera. Male and female mosquitoes were able to learn a conditioned stimulus that consisted of an odor not normally encountered in nature (synthetic strawberry or vanilla extracts) in association with an unconditioned stimulus consisting of either a sugar (males and females) or blood (females) meal. Such information could lead to a better understanding of the ability of mosquitoes to locate and select host and food resources in nature. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Tifton, GA USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA ARS, Crop Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tomberlin, JK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, 1229 N US Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. EM jktomberlin@ag.tamu.edu RI Sanford, Michelle/C-9575-2011 OI Sanford, Michelle/0000-0001-6212-4023 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD NOV PY 2006 VL 93 IS 11 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s00114-006-0143-9 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 097MP UT WOS:000241452400003 PM 16924477 ER PT J AU Berkebile, DR Sagel, A Skoda, SR Foster, JE AF Berkebile, Dennis R. Sagel, Agustin Skoda, Steven R. Foster, John E. TI Laboratory environment effects on the reproduction and mortality of adult screwworm (Diptera : Calliphoridae) SO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature; Cochliomyia hominivorax; egg production; ovarian development ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX DIPTERA; WORM FLIES; DIET; FLY; OOGENESIS AB The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, is mass reared for screwworm eradication initiatives that use the sterile insect technique. New methods for rearing have helped to reduce the cost of the eradication program. We examined the effect and interaction of three temperatures (24.5, 29.5 and 34.5 degrees C), two diets (2% spray-dried blood plus 0.05% vitamins and corn syrup carrageenan) and three population densities (300, 400, and 500 flies/cage) on egg production, egg hatch, number of observable fertilized eggs, mortality (male and female) and ovarian development. The three population densities did not affect any of the parameters monitored. Using the protein diet increased egg production at all temperatures. Diet did not affect egg hatch or female mortality. Male mortality was significantly greater when fed the protein diet and reared at 24.5 degrees C and 34.5 degrees C. Egg hatch was significantly less when the flies were reared at 34.5 degrees C. When exposed to high temperatures (37 degrees C and 40 degrees C) egg production, egg hatch, fertility and mortality were adversely affected. At the higher temperatures, yolk did not adequately form during oogenesis. When compared to the normal rearing photoperiod (12 L: 12 D), short photoperiod (1 L: 23 D) increased egg production, egg hatch and fertility but lowered mortality. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Midw Livestock Insects Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Insect Genet Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Berkebile, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Midw Livestock Insects Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY BRASIL PI LONDRINA, PA C POSTAL 481, 86001-970 LONDRINA,, PR, BRAZIL SN 1519-566X J9 NEOTROP ENTOMOL JI Neotrop. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 781 EP 786 DI 10.1590/S1519-566X2006000600010 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125JT UT WOS:000243438900010 PM 17273709 ER PT J AU Meadows, JS Bonner, FT Haywood, JD AF Meadows, James S. Bonner, Frank T. Haywood, James D. TI Soil-seed bank survival in forests of the Southern United States SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE seed viability; buried seed; germinative capacity; southern hardwoods; woody shrubs ID SUCCESSION AB We evaluated the longevity of seeds of 12 common woody species buried in fresh condition in the forest floor at three forest locations in Mississippi and Louisiana. Seed samples of each species were retrieved annually for 5 years from each location. Germination and tetrazolium chloride staining tests were conducted on the samples to determine germinative capacity. When averaged across all species, seeds remained viable longer at the Alexandria, Louisiana site than at the two sites in Mississippi. Seeds of the 12 species varied widely in their response to burial. Some species, such as American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana L.), muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.), and sugarberry (Celtis laevigata Willd.), had relatively high germinative capacities (from 33 to 60 percent, depending on species) even after burial in the forest floor for 5 years, whereas other species, such as flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) and yaupon (Ilex vomitoria Ait.), had very low germinative capacities (less than 6 percent) by the end of the first year after burial. Species were classified into five groups based on their similarity of response. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Meadows, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM smeadows01@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s11056-006-9007-6 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104HJ UT WOS:000241949200008 ER PT J AU Howell, PJ AF Howell, Philip J. TI Effects of wildfire and subsequent hydrologic events on fish distribution and abundance in tributaries of north fork John Day River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ONCORHYNCHUS-GILAE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATIVE FISHES; UNITED-STATES; FIRE; TROUT; MANAGEMENT; FORESTS; CLIMATE AB Recent large wildfires in westent states have fueled increasing concerns of resource managers and the public about the effects of fire, including risks to fish, particularly endangered species. However, there are few empirical studies on the response of fish to fire and none that include anadromous species. The Tower Fire was one of four large fires in the upper John Day River basin in Oregon in 1996. Much of the area burned at moderate to high severity, consistent with the pattern of increasing fire severity and size projected for the region. Intense spring storms in 1997 and 1998 triggered large floods, landslides, and debris torrents that affected streams within and downstream of the fire. We investigated the effects of the fire and ensuing floods on fish distribution and abundance in three streams immediately after the fire through 2003. Immediately after the fire, no fish were found in moderate- and high-intensity burn areas. Fish began to repopulate defaunated reaches the year after the fire, and within 4 years distribution of juvenile steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) and resident rainbow trout was similar to that before the fire. Juvenile spfing Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha also began to use lower reaches of one of the streams after the flood, which had eliminated a culvert near the mouth of the stream suspected to be a barrier. Densities in most burned reaches and in unburned reaches downstream of the fire have rebounded to levels similar to or greater than densities in reference streams outside of the fire. An isolated introduced population of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis also recovered. Thus, despite the size and severity of the fire, postfire hydrologic events, and human-induced changes to watersheds, fish populations were highly resilient. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Howell, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, USDA, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM phowell@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 983 EP 994 DI 10.1577/M05-114.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 119JR UT WOS:000243009100024 ER PT J AU Martini, LA Wood, RJ AF Martini, Ligia A. Wood, Richard J. TI Vitamin D status and the metabolic syndrome SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE hypertension; insulin resistance; obesity; vitamin D deficiency ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PARATHYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; D DEFICIENCY; INSULIN-SECRETION; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BODY-FAT; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 AB The identification of vitamin D receptor expression in different tissues suggests a widespread role for vitamin D action beyond its classical-function in bone and mineral metabolism. Recently, the importance of vitamin D status as a risk factor in the development of metabolic syndrome has been the focus of several studies. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, BR-01051 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Wahington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM richard.wood@tufts.edu RI Martini, Ligia/C-7279-2012 NR 54 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 64 IS 11 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1301/nr.2006.nov.479-486 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 104XO UT WOS:000241994100001 PM 17131943 ER PT J AU Drewa, PB Peters, DPC Havstad, KM AF Drewa, Paul B. Peters, Debra P. C. Havstad, Kris M. TI Population and clonal level responses of a perennial grass following fire in the northern Chihuahuan Desert SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua eriopoda; fire intensity; grazing; precipitation; resprouting ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NEW-MEXICO; SHRUBS; DENSITY; RANGE; PRECIPITATION; RECRUITMENT; VEGETATION; INTENSITY; AUSTRALIA AB Relationships involving fire and perennial grasses are controversial in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands of southern New Mexico, USA. Research suggests that fire delays the resprouting of perennial grasses well after two growing seasons. However, such results are confounded by livestock grazing, soil erosion, and drought. Additionally, post-fire grass responses may depend on initial clone size. We evaluated the effects of fire, grazing, and clone size on Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) in southern New Mexico grasslands. Four 2-ha plots were established in each of four sites. Fire and grazing were applied or not applied in 1999 such that four treatment combinations were assigned randomly to plots within each site. Within each plot, small (0-10 cm(2) basal area), medium (10-30 cm(2)), and large (> 30 cm(2)) clones were initially mapped in five 0.91-m(2) quadrats where grass attributes and litter cover were evaluated before and at the end of two growing seasons following fire. Maximum fire temperature was also measured. At a population level, canopy and litter cover were each approximately 50% less in burned than unburned areas. However, compared to initial levels, canopy height had increased by 10% at the end of the study, regardless of fire. At a clonal level, basal cover reductions were attributed mostly to large clones that survived fire. Smaller clone densities had decreased by as much as 19% in burned compared to unburned areas, and fire reduced the basal cover of medium clones. Basal and canopy cover, recruitment, and clone basal area decreased with increased fire temperatures. Almost all responses were independent of grazing, and interactive effects of grazing and fire were not detected. Fire did not kill all perennial grass clones, regardless of size. However, rapid responses were likely influenced by above-average precipitation after fire. Future studies in desert grasslands should examine how perennial grass dynamics are affected by fire, precipitation patterns, and interactions with grazing. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Drewa, PB (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM paul.drewa@case.edu NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0502-4 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098WB UT WOS:000241552400004 PM 16896770 ER PT J AU Wilsey, BJ Polley, HW AF Wilsey, Brian J. Polley, H. Wayne TI Aboveground productivity and root-shoot allocation differ between native and introduced grass species SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE invasive species; introduced species; exotic species; grasslands; root biomass; tallgrass prairie; Texas ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASION; AGROPYRON BUNCHGRASSES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GLOBAL CHANGE; SOIL-WATER; ECOSYSTEM; HERBIVORY; EVENNESS AB Plant species in grasslands are often separated into groups (C-4 and C-3 grasses, and forbs) with presumed links to ecosystem functioning. Each of these in turn can be separated into native and introduced (i.e., exotic) species. Although numerous studies have compared plant traits between the traditional groups of grasses and forbs, fewer have compared native versus introduced species. Introduced grass species, which were often introduced to prevent erosion or to improve grazing opportunities, have become common or even dominant species in grasslands. By virtue of their abundances, introduced species may alter ecosystems if they differ from natives in growth and allocation patterns. Introduced grasses were probably selected nonrandomly from the source population for forage (aboveground) productivity. Based on this expectation, aboveground production is predicted to be greater and root mass fraction to be smaller in introduced than native species. We compared root and shoot distribution and tissue quality between introduced and native C-4 grass species in the Blackland Prairie region of Central Texas, USA, and then compared differences to the more well-studied divergence between C-4 grasses and forbs. Comparisons were made in experimental monocultures planted with equal-sized transplants on a common soil type and at the same density. Aboveground productivity and C:N ratios were higher, on average, in native grasses than in native forbs, as expected. Native and introduced grasses had comparable amounts of shallow root biomass and tissue C:N ratios. However, aboveground productivity and total N were lower and deep root biomass and root mass fraction were greater in native than introduced grasses. These differences in average biomass distribution and N could be important to ecosystems in cases where native and introduced grasses have been exchanged. Our results indicate that native-introduced status may be important when interpreting species effects on grassland processes like productivity and plant N accumulation. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Wilsey, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bwilsey@iastate.edu OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 64 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096TX UT WOS:000241400800012 PM 16927104 ER PT J AU Hertel, PM Chacko, SK Pal, S Sunehag, AL Haymond, MW AF Hertel, Paula M. Chacko, Shaji K. Pal, Sunita Sunehag, Agneta L. Haymond, Morey W. TI Subcutaneous infusion and capillary "finger stick" sampling of stable isotope tracer in metabolic studies SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE AB Metabolic studies utilizing stable isotope tracer in humans have typically used intravenous tracer infusions and venous blood sampling. These studies explore subcutaneous infusion of isotope and "finger stick" capillary blood sampling to measure glucose turnover. Five subjects received simultaneous 8-h infusions of glucose labeled with isotope: [1-C-13]glucose subcutaneously and [6,6-H-2(2)]glucose intravenously. At regular intervals, venous and finger stick blood specimens were obtained. Finger stick blood was applied to filter paper. Substrate and isotopic steady state was reached after 7.0 h with both routes of infusion. The isotopic enrichments of finger stick and venous specimens did not differ significantly for the subcutaneously infused [1-C-13]glucose (p = 0.33 and p = 0.23, respectively) but the finger stick [6,6-H-2(2)]glucose enrichment was slightly higher (p < 0.03) than that of the venous sample. Using [6,6-H-2(2)]glucose infusion and venous plasma sampling as the reference method. the [1-C-13]glucose gave estimates of glucose R,, that were 13% (plasma) and 17% (finger stick) lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.02, respectively). This difference could be attributed to recycling of C-13 label. In conclusion, subcutaneous infusion and finger stick specimen collection onto filter paper represent a potential method of conducting in vivo studies of substrate metabolism outside of a hospital-based research unit. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mhaymond@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD37957]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK55478] NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 60 IS 5 BP 597 EP 601 DI 10.1203/01.pdr.0000242267.47282.29 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 099CO UT WOS:000241570300017 PM 16988196 ER PT J AU Hays, SP Smith, EO Sunehag, AL AF Hays, Stephane P. Smith, E. O'Brian Sunehag, Agneta L. TI Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for early death and morbidity in extremely low birth-weight infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hyperglycemia; outcomes; extremely low birth weight ID PERSISTENT GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; PREMATURE-INFANT; NEONATAL HYPERGLYCEMIA; STRESS HYPERGLYCEMIA; LESS-THAN-28 WEEKS; TRAUMA PATIENTS; 1100 GRAMS; INSULIN; INFUSION; MORTALITY AB OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in extremely low birth-weight infants and to determine whether hyperglycemia increases the risk of early adverse outcomes ( death or intraventricular hemorrhage of grade 3 or 4) and/or affects the length of hospital stay among survivors without intraventricular hemorrhage. METHODS. The charts of all extremely low birth-weight infants (n = 93) admitted to Texas Children's Hospital ( Houston, TX) during 2001 were reviewed. The highest daily blood glucose concentrations, highest dopamine infusion rates, highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen, and mean blood sodium concentrations were averaged over the first week of life or before death or occurrence of grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage. Among survivors without severe intraventricular hemorrhage, the time ratio for blood glucose concentrations of > 150 mg/dL was calculated. RESULTS. More than 50% of the infants had persistent blood glucose concentrations of > 150 mg/dL during their first week of life. Early adverse outcomes were associated with the average highest daily blood glucose concentration through interaction with the Clinical Risk Index for Babies score and with the average highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen. The length of hospital stay was associated with the time ratio for blood glucose concentrations of > 150 mg/dL through interaction with birth weight and the average highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen. CONCLUSION. These data confirm the high prevalence of hyperglycemia among parenterally fed, extremely low birth-weight infants and show that high blood glucose concentrations increase the risk of early death and grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage and the length of hospital stay among survivors without intraventricular hemorrhage, which suggests that prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia may improve the outcomes of extremely low birth-weight infants. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sunehag, AL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM asunehag@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-001888]; NICHD NIH HHS [5-R01-HD37957] NR 43 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5 BP 1811 EP 1818 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0628 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 101HK UT WOS:000241731700001 PM 17079549 ER PT J AU Casey, PH Simpson, PM Gossett, JM Bogle, ML Champagne, CM Connell, C Harsha, D McCabe-Sellers, B Robbins, JM Stuff, JE Weber, J AF Casey, Patrick H. Simpson, Pippa M. Gossett, Jeffrey M. Bogle, Margaret L. Champagne, Catherine M. Connell, Carol Harsha, David McCabe-Sellers, Beverly Robbins, James M. Stuff, Janice E. Weber, Judith TI The association of child and household food insecurity with childhood overweight status SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE food insecurity; child health status; overweight children ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; LOW-INCOME FAMILIES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; UNITED-STATES; US CHILDREN; BODY-COMPOSITION; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE AB CONTEXT. The prevalence of childhood overweight status is increasing. Some have suggested that childhood overweight is associated with food insecurity, defined as limited or uncertain access to enough nutritious food. OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to assess the association of household and child food insecurity with childhood overweight status. METHODS. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 uses a stratified multistaged probability sample and collects a broad array of data from a nationally representative sample of US citizens. All children 3 to 17 years old in this sample are included in these analyses. We measured BMI categorized as at risk for overweight or greater (>= 85%) or overweight (>= 95%) and household and child food security/insecurity using the US Food Security Scale. RESULTS. When compared with children from food-secure households, children from food-insecure households were more likely to demonstrate significant associations with being at risk for overweight or greater in the following demographic categories: 12 to 17 years, girls, white, and in households with income < 100% and > 4 times the federal poverty level. Household food insecurity is associated with child overweight status in children aged 12 to 17, girls, and children who live in households with incomes > 4 times the federal poverty level. Child food insecurity demonstrated the same associations with being at risk for overweight or greater, as did household food insecurity, but associations were also seen in 3- to 5-year-old children, boys, and Mexican American children. Child food insecurity is significantly associated with child overweight status for children aged 12 to 17, girls, white children, and children in families with income <= 100% poverty level. Controlling for ethnicity, gender, age, and family poverty index level, childhood food insecurity is associated with a child being at risk for overweight status or greater, but not overweight status. CONCLUSIONS. Household and child food insecurity are associated with being at risk for overweight and overweight status among many demographic categories of children. Child food insecurity is independently associated with being at risk for overweight status or greater while controlling for important demographic variables. Future longitudinal research is required to determine whether food insecurity is causally related to child overweight status. C1 Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USDA, ARS, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Little Rock, AR USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Univ So Mississippi, Coll Hlth, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Casey, PH (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, 800 Marshall St,512 26, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM caseypatrickh@uams.edu OI Robbins, James/0000-0003-2200-1947 NR 60 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5 BP E1406 EP E1413 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0097 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 101HK UT WOS:000241731700093 PM 17079542 ER PT J AU Predel, R Russell, WK Neupert, S Russell, DH Esquivel, JF Nachman, RJ AF Predel, Reinhard Russell, William K. Neupert, Susanne Russell, David H. Esquivel, Jesus F. Nachman, Ronald J. TI Identification of the first neuropeptides from the CNS of Hemiptera: CAPA peptides of the southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula (L.) SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE CAPA gene; periviscerokinin; pyrokinin; FXPRLamide; CAP2b; perisympathetic organs; mass spectrometry; insect neuropeptide ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MANDUCA-SEXTA; RELEASE SITES; INSECTS; GENE; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; SYSTEM AB A direct mass spectrometric investigation of nerve homologs of the abdominal perisympathetic organs was employed to reveal the first and complete sequences of CAPA peptides from a hemipteran species, the southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula. Side-chain fragmentations allowed the assignment of internal Leu/Ile; on-plate acetylation was used to distinguish between the mass-related Lys and Gln. The following sequences were obtained: DQLFPFPRV-NH(2) (CAPA-PVK-1), EQLIPFPRV-NH(2) (CAPA-PVK-2), and NGSAGNGGLWFGPRL/I-NH(2) (CAPA-PK). CAPA-PVKs are associated with the regulation of diuresis in insects, and identification of those native to a hemipteran will provide the experimental basis to better understand regulation of water balance in this family of insects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spect, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Gen Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Predel, R (reprint author), USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM b6prre@pan.zoo.uni-jena.de; nachman@tamu.edu RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR019587] NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD NOV PY 2006 VL 27 IS 11 BP 2670 EP 2677 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.05.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 109OW UT WOS:000242318900017 PM 16824649 ER PT J AU de Azevedo, FA Mourao, FDA Schinor, EH de Paoli, LG Mendes, BMJ Harakava, R Gabriel, DW Lee, RF AF de Azevedo, Fernando Alves Alves Mourao Filho, Francisco de Assis Schinor, Evandro Henrique de Paoli, Luis Gustavo Januzzi Mendes, Beatriz Madalena Harakava, Ricardo Gabriel, Dean W. Lee, Richard F. TI GUS gene expression driven by a citrus promoter in transgenic tobacco and 'Valencia' sweet orange SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE Xylella fastidiosa; PAL; citrus variegated chlorosis; cultivar resistance ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; PATTERNS; TRANSFORMATION; INDUCTION; INFECTION; FUSION; FAMILY AB The objective of this work was the transformation of tobacco and 'Valencia' sweet orange with the GUS gene driven by the citrus phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene promoter (CsPP). Transformation was accomplished by co-cultivation of tobacco and 'Valencia' sweet orange explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the binary vector CsPP-GUS/2201. After plant transformation and regeneration, histochemical analyses using GUS staining revealed that CsPP promoter preferentially, but not exclusively, conferred gene expression in xylem tissues of tobacco. Weaker GUS staining was also detected throughout the petiole region in tobacco and citrus CsPP transgenic plants. C1 Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira IAC, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. Escola Super Agr Luis Dequeiroz, Dept Prod Vegetal, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Lab Biotecnol Vegetal, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Inst Biol, BR-04014002 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP de Azevedo, FA (reprint author), Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira IAC, Rod Anhanguera,Km 158,Caixa Postal 4, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. EM fernando@centrodecitricultura.br; famourao@esalq.usp.br; shinor@widesoft.com.br; lgpaoli@esalq.usp.br; mendes@cena.usp.br; harakava@biologico.sp.gov.br; gabriel@biotech.ufl.edu; rivrl@ars-grin.gov RI Mourao Filho, Francisco/G-1541-2010; Mendes, Beatriz M Januzzi /B-9470-2012; Azevedo, Fernando/C-4338-2012; Harakava, Ricardo/C-4471-2012; Schinor, Evandro Henrique /C-2961-2015 OI Mourao Filho, Francisco/0000-0001-8950-9513; Mendes, Beatriz M Januzzi /0000-0003-0344-3993; Harakava, Ricardo/0000-0003-1431-2665; NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA PA EMBRAPA-SPI-PAB SAIN-PARQUE RURAL NORTE, CAIXA POSTAL 04 0315, 70770-901 BRASILIA, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1623 EP 1628 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 124KL UT WOS:000243366600008 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Klassen, W Meyer, SLF Codallo, M Abdul-Baki, AA AF Zasada, Inga A. Klassen, Waldemar Meyer, Susan L. F. Codallo, Maharanie Abdul-Baki, Aref A. TI Velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) extracts: impact on Meloidogyne incognita survival and on Lycopersicon esculentum and Lactuca sativa germination and growth SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cover crop; allelopathy; nematicidal effect; lethal concentration; Mucuna spp ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MANAGEMENT; DENSITIES; CROPS AB Velvetbean (Mucuna spp.) is a summer annual that has been used as a cover crop to reduce erosion, fix nitrogen and suppress weeds and plant-parasitic nematodes. Crude aqueous extracts (1: 15 dry weight plant/volume water) were made from velvetbean plant parts, and various concentrations of the extracts were evaluated in vitro for toxicities to different stages of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and for suppression of hypocotyl. and root growth and inhibition of germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Germination was only affected by the full-strength extract from leaf blades. Lettuce root growth was the most sensitive indicator of allelopathic activity of the plant part extracts. Lettuce and tomato root growth was more sensitive to the extract from main roots than to extracts of other plant parts, with lethal concentration (LC50) values of 1.2 and 1.1% respectively. Meloidogyne incognita egg hatch was less sensitive to extracts from velvetbean than the juvenile (J2) stage. There was no difference among LC50 values of the extracts from different plant parts against the egg stage. Based on LC50 values, the extract from fine roots was the least toxic to J2 (LC50 39.9%), and the extract from vines the most toxic (LC50 7.8%). The effects of the extracts were nematicidal because LC50 values did not change when the extracts were removed and replaced with water. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zasadai@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 62 IS 11 BP 1122 EP 1127 DI 10.1002/ps.1281 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 101DM UT WOS:000241719100015 PM 16953489 ER PT J AU Veshkurova, O Golubenko, Z Pshenichnov, E Arzanova, I Uzbekov, V Sultanova, E SalikhoV, S Williams, HJ Reibenspies, JH Puckhaber, LS Stipanovic, RD AF Veshkurova, Olga Golubenko, Zamira Pshenichnov, Egor Arzanova, Irina Uzbekov, Vyacheslav Sultanova, Elvira Salikhov, Shavkat Williams, Howard J. Reibenspies, Joseph H. Puckhaber, Lorraine S. Stipanovic, Robert D. TI Malvone A, a phytoalexin found in Malva sylvestris (family Malvaceae) SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Malva sylvestris; Malvaceae; Gossypium; cotton; Verticillium dahliae; phytoalexin; tetra-nor-sesquiterpene; 2-methyl-3-methoxy-5,6-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; malvone A AB The isolation and structure of a phytoalexin, malvone A (2-methyl-3-methoxy-5,6-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is reported. Malvone A formation is induced in Malva sylvestris L. by the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. In a turbimetric assay for toxicity to V dahliae, it had an ED50 value of 24 mu g/ml. The structure of malvone A was determined by MS and NMR spectroscopy, and by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The X-ray analysis showed water molecules were located in channels that run along the a-axis, (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Uzbek Acad Sci, AS Sadykov Bioorgan Chem Inst, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), Uzbek Acad Sci, AS Sadykov Bioorgan Chem Inst, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. EM rdstip@cpru.usda.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 2006 VL 67 IS 21 BP 2376 EP 2379 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.08.010 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 104BQ UT WOS:000241931300008 PM 16996095 ER PT J AU Xu, CP Garrett, WM Sullivan, J Caperna, TJ Natarajan, S AF Xu, Chenping Garrett, Wesley M. Sullivan, Joseph Caperna, Thomas J. Natarajan, Savithiry TI Separation and identification of soybean leaf proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; soybean; proteomics; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; MALDI-TOF MS; LC-MS/MS ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEOME; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; SEED PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; CHLOROPLAST; LEAVES AB To establish a proteomic reference map for soybean leaves, we separated and identified leaf proteins using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Tryptic digests of 260 spots were subjected to peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. Fifty-three of these protein spots were identified by searching NCBInr and SwissProt databases using the Mascot search engine. Sixty-seven spots that were not identified by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis were analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and 66 of these spots were identified by searching against the NCBInr, SwissProt and expressed sequence tag (EST) databases. We have identified a total of 71 unique proteins. The majority of the identified leaf proteins are involved in energy metabolism. The results indicate that 2D-PAGE, combined with MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS, is a sensitive and powerful technique for separation and identification of soybean leaf proteins. A summary of the identified proteins and their putative functions is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM natarajs@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 40 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 2006 VL 67 IS 22 BP 2431 EP 2440 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.09.002 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 108TI UT WOS:000242261700003 PM 17046036 ER PT J AU Agarkova, IV Vidaver, AK Postnikova, EN Riley, IT Schaad, NW AF Agarkova, I. V. Vidaver, A. K. Postnikova, E. N. Riley, I. T. Schaad, N. W. TI Genetic characterization and diversity of Rathayibacter toxicus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL RYEGRASS TOXICITY; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CLAVIBACTER-TOXICUS; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; ANGUINA-FUNESTA; POLYPOGON-MONSPELIENSIS; RHODOCOCCUS-FASCIANS; AVIRULENT STRAINS; LINEAR CHROMOSOME; AFLP AB Rathayibacter toxicus is a nematode-vectored gram-positive bacterium responsible for a gumming disease of grasses and production of a highly potent animal and human toxin that is often fatal to livestock and has a history of occurring in unexpected circumstances. DNA of 22 strains of R. toxicus from Australia were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AFLP analysis grouped the 22 strains into three genetic clusters that correspond to their geographic origin. The mean similarity between the three clusters was 85 to 86%. PFGE analysis generated three different banding patterns that enabled typing the strains into three genotypic groups corresponding to the same AFLP clusters. The similarity coefficient was 63 to 81% for XbaI and 79 to 84% for SpeI. AFLP and PFGE analyses exhibited an analogous level of discriminatory power and produced congruent results. PFGE analysis indicated that the R. toxicus genome was represented by a single linear chromosome, estimated to be 2.214 to 2.301 Mb. No plasmids were detected. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1270 EP 1277 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1270 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 099CH UT WOS:000241569600014 PM 18943965 ER PT J AU Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC Singer, JW AF Parkin, T. B. Kaspar, T. C. Singer, J. W. TI Cover crop effects on the fate of N following soil application of swine manure SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE nitrate leaching; ammonia volatilization; nitrous oxide emissions ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; GROWING PLANTS; CATTLE SLURRY; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; ROOTS; BACTERIA; LOSSES; MODEL AB Cereal grain cover crops increase surface cover, anchor corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] residues, increase infiltration, reduce both rill and interrill erosion, scavenge excess nutrients from the soil, and are easily obtained and inexpensive compared to other cover crop options. The use of cereal grain cover crops in fields where manure application occurs should increase nitrogen (N) recovery and cycling for use in subsequent crops. The objectives of this study were to determine if a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop increases N retention after soil application of swine lagoon slurry. Experiments were conducted in a controlled environment chamber using plastic buckets as the experimental units. Three manure-N loading rates (no manure, low, high) were applied to soils with and without a rye cover crop. A partial N balance was determined from measurements of NO3 leaching, N2O and NH3 emissions, cover crop N uptake, and NO3 + NH4 remaining in the soil. Cumulative nitrate load in the drainage water was less than 0.31 g m(-2) NO3-N for rye treatments regardless of the manure rate, however in the fallow treatments, at the high manure rate NO3 leaching losses were 6.28 and 3.77 g m(-2) NO3-N, for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Rye N uptake ranged from 2.95 g N m(-2) to 10.7 g N m(-2), and was related to manure rate. Rye had lower cumulative N2O emission than the no rye treatment for the high manure treatment. Ammonia emissions were low for all treatments during both experiments, which was probably related to the rapid manure incorporation after application. Rye can increase N retention, reduce cumulative N2O emissions, and reduce cumulative N load in drainage water when manure is applied to soils. Nitrogen balance calculations in the cover crop treatments accounted for less than the equivalent of 50% of the added manure N. We speculate that the living rye plants may have increased immobilization of N in the organic N pools. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM parkin@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2006 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-9114-3 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 107DD UT WOS:000242150000010 ER PT J AU Morris, C Call, CA Monaco, TA Grossl, PR Dewey, SA AF Morris, Christo Call, Christopher A. Monaco, Thomas A. Grossl, Paul R. Dewey, Steve A. TI Evaluation of elemental allelopathy in Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. (Russian Knapweed) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE iron; phosphorus; plant interference; plant-soil feedback; restoration; weed invasion; zinc toxicity ID INVASION; PHOSPHORUS; GRASSES; GROWTH; SOILS; ZINC AB Although Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. (Russian knapweed) is known to concentrate zinc (Zn) in upper soil layers, the question of whether the elevated Zn has an allelopathic effect on restoration species has not been addressed. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether soils collected from within infestations of A. repens (high-Zn) inhibit the germination or growth and development of desirable restoration species, compared to soils collected adjacent to an A. repens infestation (low-Zn). Four bioassay species [Sporobolus airoides (Torrey) Torrey (alkali sacaton), Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love (bluebunch wheatgrass), Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski (Russian wildrye) and A. repens] were germinated in a growth chamber and grown in a greenhouse in both soils and received treatments for the alleviation of Zn toxicity (P, Fe, Fe-oxide, and soil mixing) to isolate the effects of elevated soil Zn on plant performance. Percent germination, total plant biomass, tiller and stem number, inflorescence number, and tissue metal levels were compared among soil types and treatments for each species. There was no evidence from any of the indicators measured that high-Zn soils reduced plant performance, compared to low-Zn soils. Tissue Zn levels barely approached the lower range of phytotoxic levels established for native grasses. Older plants with longer exposure times may accumulate higher Zn concentrations. S. airoides and A. repens both had higher biomass in the high-Zn soil, most likely due to increased macronutrient (N and P) availability. As the Zn levels in the soils used in this study were much higher than any levels previously reported in soils associated with A. repens, it is unlikely that the elevation of soil Zn by A. repens will hinder germination or growth and development of desirable grasses during establishment. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Call, CA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hall, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM cacall@cc.usu.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2006 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-9136-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 107DD UT WOS:000242150000020 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Franzluebbers, AJ Humayoun, SB AF Jenkins, Michael B. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Humayoun, Shaheen B. TI Assessing short-term responses of prokaryotic communities in bulk and rhizosphere soils to tall fescue endophyte infection SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Archaea; carbon sequestration; endophyte; Eubacteria; fluorescence in situ hybridization; tall fescue ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; NATURAL-ENVIRONMENT; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; CRENARCHAEOTA; ASSEMBLAGES; CULTIVATION; ECOLOGY; CELLS AB In contrast to endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue, endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue pastures appear to enhance soil carbon sequestration. A hypothetical mechanism that may account for the enhanced carbon sequestration is that the E+ tall fescue affects the soil microbial community or components of it that are involved in organic carbon turnover. A 60-week mesocosm study with a factorial arrangement of soil type, loamy sand (LS) and clay loam (CL), and E+ and E- tall fescue was conducted to determine if the soil microbial communities were affected by the presence of the endophyte. Bulk and rhizosphere soil samples were fixed in paraformaldehyde, and prepared for total direct microbial counts, and with a combination of one of a domain or subdivision fluorescent oligonucleotide probe for enumerating metabolically active Eubacteria, bacterial subdivisions, and Archaea. E+ tall fescue suppressed the archaeal and high G+C gram-positive bacterial communities of the bulk CL, the delta-proteobacterial community in the rhizosphere CL, and the Planctomycetes community of the rhizosphere LS. In the long-term, suppression of these microbial communities may be a factor in enhanced soil carbon sequestration associated with E+ tall fescue. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conserv Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conserv Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM mjenkins@uga.edu NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2006 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-9141-0 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 107DD UT WOS:000242150000023 ER PT J AU Bernacchi, CJ Leakey, ADB Heady, LE Morgan, PB Dohleman, FG McGrath, JM Gillespie, KM Wittig, VE Rogers, A Long, SP Ort, DR AF Bernacchi, Carl J. Leakey, Andrew D. B. Heady, Lindsey E. Morgan, Patrick B. Dohleman, Frank G. McGrath, Justin M. Gillespie, Kelly M. Wittig, Victoria E. Rogers, Alistair Long, Stephen P. Ort, Donald R. TI Hourly and seasonal variation in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of soybean grown at future CO2 and ozone concentrations for 3 years under fully open-air field conditions SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; chlorophyll fluorescence; climate change; free-air gas concentration enrichment (FACE); global change ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT FACE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; GLYCINE-MAX; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SPRING-WHEAT; RESPONSES; YIELD; TEMPERATURE AB It is anticipated that enrichment of the atmosphere with CO2 will increase photosynthetic carbon assimilation in C3 plants. Analysis of controlled environment studies conducted to date indicates that plant growth at concentrations of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) anticipated for 2050 (similar to 550 mu mol mol(-1)) will stimulate leaf photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) by 20 to 40%. Simultaneously, concentrations of tropospheric ozone ([O-3]) are expected to increase by 2050, and growth in controlled environments at elevated [O-3] significantly reduces A. However, the simultaneous effects of both increases on a major crop under open-air conditions have never been tested. Over three consecutive growing seasons > 4700 individual measurements of A, photosynthetic electron transport (J(PSII)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were measured on Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean). Experimental treatments used free-air gas concentration enrichment (FACE) technology in a fully replicated, factorial complete block design. The mean A in the control plots was 14.5 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). At elevated [CO2], mean A was 24% higher and the treatment effect was statistically significant on 80% of days. There was a strong positive correlation between daytime maximum temperatures and mean daily integrated A at elevated [CO2], which accounted for much of the variation in CO2 effect among days. The effect of elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis also tended to be greater under water stress conditions. The elevated [O-3] treatment had no statistically significant effect on mean A, g(s) or J(PSII) on newly expanded leaves. Combined elevation of [CO2] and [O-3] resulted in a slightly smaller increase in average A than when [CO2] alone was elevated, and was significantly greater than the control on 67% of days. Thus, the change in atmospheric composition predicted for the middle of this century will, based on the results of a 3 year open-air field experiment, have smaller effects on photosynthesis, g(s) and whole chain electron transport through photosystem II than predicted by the substantial literature on relevant controlled environment studies on soybean and likely most other C3 plants. C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bernacchi, CJ (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM bernacch@uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Gillespie, Kelly/A-9096-2010; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016; OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 48 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2077 EP 2090 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01581.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086NX UT WOS:000240681400006 PM 17081242 ER PT J AU Kim, CK Han, JS Lee, HS Oh, JY Shigaki, T Park, SH Hirschi, K AF Kim, Chang Kil Han, Jeung-Sul Lee, Hyun-Suk Oh, Joung-Youl Shigaki, Thoshiro Park, Sung Hun Hirschi, Kendal TI Expression of an Arabidopsis CAX2 variant in potato tubers increases calcium levels with no accumulation of manganese SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; calcium; H+/Ca2+ antiporter; manganese; potato ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; TRANSPORTERS; CAX1; TRANSFORMATION; HOMEOSTASIS; TOBACCO; PLANTS; GENE AB Previously, we made a chimeric Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar transporter CAX2B [a variant of N-terminus truncated form of CAX2 (sCAX2) containing the "B" domain from CAX1] that has enhanced calcium (Ca2+) substrate specificity and lost the manganese (Mn2+) transport capability of sCAX2. Here, we demonstrate that potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers expressing the CAX2B contain 50-65% more calcium (Ca2+) than wild-type tubers. Moreover, expression of CAX2B in potatoes did not show any significant increase of the four metals tested, particularly manganese (Mn2+). The CAX2B-expressing potatoes have normally undergone the tuber/plant/tuber cycle for three generations; the trait appeared stable through the successive generations and showed no deleterious alternations on plant growth and development. These results demonstrate the enhanced substrate specificity of CAX2B in potato. Therefore, CAX2B can be a valuable tool for Ca2+ nutrient enrichment of potatoes with reduced accumulation of undesirable metals. C1 Sangju Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. Natl Hort Res Inst, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon 441440, South Korea. Gyeongbuk Agr Technol Adm, Dept Hort Res, Taegu 702708, South Korea. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kim, CK (reprint author), Sangju Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. EM ckkim@sangju.ac.kr; harnjs@rda.go.kr; 222hs@hanmail.net; jyoh@sangju.ac.kr; tshigaki@bcm.tmc.edu; s-park4@tamu.edu NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1226 EP 1232 DI 10.1007/s00299-006-0214-6 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 097ML UT WOS:000241451900014 PM 17024452 ER PT J AU Levi, A Davis, A Hernandez, A Wechter, P Thimmapuram, J Trebitsh, T Tadmor, Y Katzir, N Portnoy, V King, S AF Levi, A. Davis, A. Hernandez, A. Wechter, P. Thimmapuram, J. Trebitsh, T. Tadmor, Y. Katzir, N. Portnoy, V. King, S. TI Genes expressed during the development and ripening of watermelon fruit SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE cDNA; Citrullus; expressed sequence tags; gene expression; watermelon ID GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; CELL EXPANSION; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; MICROARRAYS; PROMOTER; SEQUENCE; TOMATO AB A normalized cDNA library was constructed using watermelon flesh mRNA from three distinct developmental time-points and was subtracted by hybridization with leaf cDNA. Random cDNA clones of the watermelon flesh subtraction library were sequenced from the 5' end in order to identify potentially informative genes associated with fruit setting, development, and ripening. One-thousand and forty-six 5'-end sequences (expressed sequence tags; ESTs) were assembled into 832 non-redundant sequences, designated as "EST-unigenes". Of these 832 "EST-unigenes", 254 (similar to 30%) have no significant homology to sequences published so far for other plant species. Additionally, 168 "EST-unigenes" (similar to 20%) correspond to genes with unknown function, whereas 410 "EST-unigenes" (similar to 50%) correspond to genes with known function in other plant species. These "EST-unigenes" are mainly associated with metabolism, membrane transport, cytoskeleton synthesis and structure, cell wall formation and cell division, signal transduction, nucleic acid binding and transcription factors, defense and stress response, and secondary metabolism. This study provides the scientific community with novel genetic information for watermelon as well as an expanded pool of genes associated with fruit development in watermelon. These genes will be useful targets in future genetic and functional genomic studies of watermelon and its development. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Univ Illinois, Roy J Carver Biotechnol Ctr, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Agr Res Org, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alevi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1233 EP 1245 DI 10.1007/s00299-006-0163-0 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 097ML UT WOS:000241451900015 PM 16802118 ER PT J AU Xue, HQ Upchurch, RG Kwanyuen, P AF Xue, H. Q. Upchurch, R. G. Kwanyuen, P. TI Ergosterol as a quantifiable biomass marker for Diaporthe phaseolorum and Cercospora kikuchii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL BIOMASS; SEED DECAY; INFECTION; INDICATOR; GROWTH; QUALITY AB The relationship between ergosterol content and biomass was determined for the soybean fungal pathogens Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. sojae, causal agent of Phomopsis seed decay, and Cercospora kikuchii (Matsumoto & Tomoy.), causal agent of leaf blight and purple seed stain. Biomass was manipulated by varying incubation period, and ergosterol was quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Fungal dry mass was linearly correlated with ergosterol content (r(2) = 0.90, P < 0.05 for D. phaseolorum, and r(2) = 0.95, P < 0.01 for C. kikuchii). In vitro ergosterol content of fungi was 3.16 mu g/mg for D. phaseolorum and 2.85 mu g/mg for C. kikuchii. Ergosterol content of inoculated seed was qualitatively correlated with observed seed colonization by both pathogens. Soybean variety had a significant effect on fungal colonization by D. phaseolorum and ergosterol content. Results show that ergosterol content can be used to quantify colonization of soybean seed by both pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Upchurch, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_upchurch@ncsu.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1395 EP 1398 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1395 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 098OW UT WOS:000241533700005 ER PT J AU Tewoldemedhin, YT Lamprecht, SC McLeod, A Mazzola, M AF Tewoldemedhin, Y. T. Lamprecht, S. C. McLeod, A. Mazzola, M. TI Characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. recovered from crop plants used in rotational cropping systems in the Western Cape province of South Africa SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE sequence analysis ID ROOT-ROT; SOLANI AG-8; ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WINTER-WHEAT; DAMPING-OFF; BARE PATCH; PATHOGENICITY; CANOLA; DISEASE AB Isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with barley, canola, clover, lucerne, lupin, annual Medicago spp. (medic), and wheat were recovered during the conduct of a 4-year (2000 to 2003) crop rotation trial in the Western Cape province of South Africa. These isolates were characterized by determining their anastomosis group (AG), in vitro optimum growth temperature, and pathogenicity toward emerging and 14-day-old seedlings of all the aforementioned crops. During the 4-year rotational trial, 428 Rhizoctonia isolates, in all, were obtained. The most abundant multinucleate AG was AG-4 HG-II (69%), followed by AG-2-1 (19%), AG-3 (8%), AG-2-2 (2%), and AG-11 (2%). The population of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. comprised AG-K (53%), AG-A (10%), AG-I (5%), and unidentified AGs (32%). The optimal time for isolating Rhizoctonia spp. was found to be at the flowering or seedpod stage (20 to 22 weeks after planting). Temperature studies showed that isolates belonging to AG-2-2, AG-4 HG-II, and AG-K had significantly higher optimum growth temperatures than those from other AGs. In pathogenicity assays conducted on emerging as well as 14-day-old seedlings, isolates of AG-2-2 and AG-4 HG-II were the most virulent on all crops. Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1 was highly virulent on canola, moderately virulent on medic and lupin, weakly virulent on lucerne and barley, and nonpathogenic on wheat. AG-II isolates were moderate to weakly virulent on all crops, with the exception of barley and wheat. AG-3 was weakly virulent on canola, lupin, and medic. AG-K was the only binucleate Rhizoctonia sp.capable of inciting disease in our assays. This is the first comprehensive study to elucidate the identity and potential importance of Rhizoctonia spp. as a yield limiting factor in crop production systems in the Western Cape province of South Africa. C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. Univ Stellenbosch, Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Lamprecht, SC (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, Private Bag X5017, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM lamprechts@arc.agric.za RI McLeod, Adele/D-4025-2012 OI McLeod, Adele/0000-0002-1807-9154 NR 53 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1399 EP 1406 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1399 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 098OW UT WOS:000241533700006 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Mahaffee, WF Turechek, WW AF Gent, David H. Mahaffee, Walter F. Turechek, William W. TI Spatial heterogeneity of the incidence of powdery mildew on hop cones SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Humulus lupulus ID PLANT-DISEASE INCIDENCE; CROP LOSS ASSESSMENT; PATTERN ANALYSIS; LEAF-BLIGHT; STRAWBERRY; AGGREGATION; RANDOMNESS; HIERARCHY; MODELS AB The spatial heterogeneity of the incidence of hop cones with powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) was characterized from transect surveys of 41 commercial hop yards in Oregon and Washington from 2000 to 2005. The proportion of sampled cones with powdery mildew () was recorded for each of 221 transects, where N = 60 sampling units of n = 25 cones assessed in each transect according to a cluster sampling strategy. Disease incidence ranged from 0 to 0.92 among all yards and dates. The binomial and beta-binomial frequency distributions were fit to the N sampling units in a transect using maximum likelihood. The estimation procedure converged for 74% of the data sets where (p) over cap > 0, and a log-likelihood ratio test indicated that the beta-binomial distribution provided a better fit to the data than the binomial distribution for 46% of the data sets, indicating an aggregated pattern of disease. Similarly, the C(a) test indicated that 54% could be described by,the beta-binomial distribution. The heterogeneity parameter of the beta-binomial distribution, (theta) over cap, a measure of variation among sampling units, ranged from 0.01 to 0.20, with a mean of 0.037 and a median of 0.015. Estimates of the index of dispersion ranged from 0.79 to 7.78, with a mean of 1.81 and a median of 1.37, and were significantly greater than I for 54% of the data sets. The binary power law provided an excellent fit to the data, with slope and intercept parameters significantly greater than 1, which indicated that heterogeneity varied systematically with the incidence of infected cones. A covariance analysis indicated that the geographic location (region) of the yards and the type of hop cultivar had little effect on heterogeneity; however, the year of sampling significantly influenced the intercept and slope parameters of the binary power law. Significant spatial autocorrelation was detected in only 11% of the data sets, with estimates of first-order autocorrelation, (r) over cap (1), ranging from -0.30 to 0.70, with a mean of 0.06 and a median of 0.04; however, correlation was detected in only 20 and 16% of the data sets by median and ordinary runs analysis, respectively. Together, these analyses suggest that the incidence of powdery mildew on cones was slightly aggregated among plants, but patterns of aggregation larger than the sampling unit were rare (20% or less of data sets). Knowledge of the heterogeneity of diseased cones was used to construct fixed sampling curves to precisely estimate the incidence of powdery mildew on cones at varying disease intensities. Use of the sampling curves developed in this research should help to improve sampling methods for disease assessment and management decisions. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1433 EP 1440 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1433 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 098OW UT WOS:000241533700011 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Fuentes, S Chuquillanqui, C Salazar, LF AF Wintermantel, W. M. Fuentes, S. Chuquillanqui, C. Salazar, L. F. TI First report of Beet pseudo-yellows virus and Strawberry pallidosis associated virus in Strawberry in Peru. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID UNITED-STATES C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Lima, Peru. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1457 EP 1457 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1457C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 098OW UT WOS:000241533700016 ER PT J AU Howell, B Kenaley, S Mathiasen, R AF Howell, B. Kenaley, S. Mathiasen, R. TI First report of Psittacanthus macrantherus on Pinus devoniana and Quercus castanea in Mexico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA Forest Serv, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Morgantown, WV USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Howell, B (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1461 EP 1461 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1461C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 098OW UT WOS:000241533700028 ER PT J AU Cox, KD Layne, DR Scorza, R Schnabel, G AF Cox, K. D. Layne, D. R. Scorza, R. Schnabel, G. TI Gastrodia anti-fungal protein from the orchid Gastrodia elata confers disease resistance to root pathogens in transgenic tobacco SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE biotechnology; meloidogyne; nicotiana; lectins; phytophthora; rhizoctonia ID SNOWDROP GALANTHUS-NIVALIS; MOTH LACANOBIA-OLERACEA; ENHANCED RESISTANCE; MYZUS-PERSICAE; BINDING-SITES; RICE LINES; LECTIN; MELOIDOGYNE; GNA; AGGLUTININ AB Diseases of agricultural crops are caused by pathogens from several higher-order phylogenetic lineages including fungi, straminipila, eubacteria, and metazoa. These pathogens are commonly managed with pesticides due to the lack of broad-spectrum host resistance. Gastrodia anti-fungal protein (GAFP; gastrodianin) may provide a level of broad-spectrum resistance due to its documented anti-fungal activity in vitro and structural similarity to insecticidal lectins. We transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38) with GAFP-1 and challenged transformants with agriculturally important plant pathogens from several higher-order lineages including Rhizoctonia solani (fungus), Phytophthora nicotianae (straminipile), Ralstonia solanacearum (eubacterium), and Meloidogyne incognita (metazoan). Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analysis indicated that GAFP-1 was transcribed and translated in transgenic lines. When challenged by R. solani and P. nicotianae, GAFP-1 expressing lines had reduced symptom development and improved plant vigor compared to non-transformed and empty vector control lines. These lines also exhibited reduced root galling when challenged by M. incognita. Against R. solanacearum expression of GAFP-1 neither conferred resistance, nor exacerbated disease development. These results indicate that heterologous expression of GAFP-1 can confer enhanced resistance to a diverse set of plant pathogens and may be a good candidate gene for the development of transgenic, root-disease-resistant crops. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Schnabel, G (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, 114 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM schnabe@clemson.edu NR 44 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2006 VL 224 IS 6 BP 1373 EP 1383 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0322-0 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107DK UT WOS:000242150700012 PM 16858580 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Crane, J Caspersen, AM Hill, LM Gardner, C Walters, C AF Volk, Gayle M. Crane, Jennifer Caspersen, Ann M. Hill, Lisa M. Gardner, Candice Walters, Christina TI Massive cellular disruption occurs during early imbibition of Cuphea seeds containing crystallized triacylglycerols SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Cuphea; differential scanning calorimetry; imbibitional damage; intermediate seeds; liposome; recalcitrant seeds ID AZADIRACHTA-INDICA SEEDS; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; LIPID BODIES; OIL BODIES; STORAGE PHYSIOLOGY; OLEOSINS; PHASE; LOCALIZATION; ORGANIZATION; SENSITIVITY AB The transition from anhydrobiotic to hydrated state occurs during early imbibition of seeds and is lethal if lipid reserves in seeds are crystalline. Low temperatures crystallize lipids during seed storage. We examine the nature of cellular damage observed in seeds of Cuphea wrightii and C. lanceolata that differ in triacylglycerol composition and phase behavior. Intracellular structure, observed using transmission electron microscopy, is profoundly and irreversibly perturbed if seeds with crystalline triacylglycerols are imbibed briefly. A brief heat treatment that melts triacylglycerols before imbibition prevents the loss of cell integrity; however, residual effects of cold treatments in C. wrightii cells are reflected by the apparent coalescence of protein and oil bodies. The timing and temperature dependence of cellular changes suggest that damage arises via a physical mechanism, perhaps as a result of shifts in hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions when triacylglycerols undergo phase changes. Stabilizers of oil body structure such as oleosins that rely on a balance of physical forces may become ineffective when triacylglycerols crystallize. Recent observations linking poor oil body stability and poor seed storage behavior are potentially explained by the phase behavior of the storage lipids. These findings directly impact the feasibility of preserving genetic resources from some tropical and subtropical species. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM christina.walters@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2006 VL 224 IS 6 BP 1415 EP 1426 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0310-4 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107DK UT WOS:000242150700015 PM 16779553 ER PT J AU Saftner, R Abbott, JA Lester, G Vinyard, B AF Saftner, Robert Abbott, Judith A. Lester, Gene Vinyard, Bryan TI Sensory and analytical comparison of orange-fleshed honeydew to cantaloupe and green-fleshed honeydew for fresh-cut chunks SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; quality; respiration and ethylene production rates; volatiles ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; BETA-CAROTENE; CUCUMIS-MELO; SHELF-LIFE; MUSKMELON; ETHYLENE; QUALITY; FRUIT; STORAGE; GALA AB Maintaining the sensory, microbial and postharvest quality of fresh-cut fruit after processing and throughout distribution and marketing is a major challenge facing the fresh-cut fruit industry. Fresh-cut chunks of orange-fleshed honeydew ('Honey Gold', 'Orange Dew', 'Temptation' and three breeding lines) and green-fleshed honeydew ('Honey Brew') and an orange-fleshed cantaloupe ('Cruiser') harvested at commercial and full-slip maturities were compared after storage for 0-11 days in air at 5 degrees C. Fresh-cut cantaloupe had higher respiration and ethylene production rates, aromatic volatile concentrations, and beta-carotene/chroma and orange hue (except 'Orange Dew') than those of honeydew whereas honeydew chunks generally had higher soluble solids content (SSC), Kramer firmness and lower microbial counts than cantaloupe chunks. All genotypes had similar ascorbic acid levels. During storage, analytical quality characteristics of fresh-cut chunks from all genotypes were well maintained even though microbial populations increased especially on cantaloupe chunks. Consumers liked the flavor, texture, sweetness and overall eating quality of the orange-fleshed honeydew genotypes as well as or better than those of cantaloupe and green-fleshed honeydew. 'Orange Dew' scored highest in appearance and had the highest beta-carotene concentration, chroma and orange hue among orange-fleshed honeydew genotypes whereas 'Temptation' generally scored highest for flavor intensity and acceptability and overall eating quality; and it had the highest aromatic volatile concentrations among the orange-fleshed honeydews. Many individual volatiles were identical in cantaloupe and honeydews; however, honeydew genotypes, particularly 'Temptation', were distinctive from cantaloupe and green-fleshed honeydew in having relatively high levels of various nonenyl and nonadienyl acetates having honeydew-like or uncharacterized aromas. Fresh-cut chunks from full-slip melons generally had higher analytical and sensory quality characteristics but higher microbial counts and lower shelf stability compared to those from commercially mature fruit. The results indicate that orange-fleshed honeydews are a promising new melon type for fresh-cut processing. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insect Res Unit, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Saftner, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PQSL, B-002,Rm 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM saftnerr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.02.011 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 101IJ UT WOS:000241734200004 ER PT J AU Farnell, MB Donoghue, AM Santos, FSL Blore, PJ Hargis, BM Tellez, G Donoghue, DJ AF Farnell, M. B. Donoghue, A. M. de los Santos, F. Solis Blore, P. J. Hargis, B. M. Tellez, G. Donoghue, D. J. TI Upregulation of oxidative burst and degranulation in chicken heterophils stimulated with probiotic bacteria SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; probiotic; heterophil; gastrointestinal tract; innate immunity ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION TREATMENT; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; HEAT-STRESS; SALMONELLA; COLONIZATION; TYPHIMURIUM; ENTERITIDIS; PERSISTENCE; RESPONSES; POULTRY AB The immune system of neonatal chicks is functionally immature during the first week of life. Researchers have previously demonstrated that the avian humoral response can be increased with probiotics. Although the humoral response provides the chick with an effective mechanism to combat pathogens, sufficient antibody titers are not attained until 7 to 10 d postinfection. However, the innate immune system (i.e., heterophils) can respond much more quickly to pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine whether probiotic bacteria can also upregulate heterophil function. Heterophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of neonatal chickens by using a discontinuous density gradient. Oxidative burst and degranulation are bactericidal mechanisms used by heterophils to kill pathogens and were used in this study as indicators of heterophil function. We found that each of the 10 "generally recognized as safe" probiotic isolates (designated G1 to G11) tested in vitro were capable of increasing (P < 0.05) heterophil oxidative burst and degranulation when compared with unstimulated controls. Bacillus subtilis (G3), Lactococcus lactis lactis (G6), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (G8) isolates were determined to elicit the greatest heterophil response in vitro and were subsequently fed to chicks. Phosphate-buffered saline or 1 of these 3 probiotic isolates (similar to 2.5 x 10(8) cfu/chick; 50 chicks/treatment) resuspended in PBS was administered by oral gavage on the day of hatch. Heterophils were isolated from chicks from each of these 4 treatment groups 24 h posttreatment. Significant increases in heterophil degranulation and oxidative burst were observed with the G3-, G6-, and G8-treated chicks when compared with heterophils isolated from birds with no probiotic treatment. These data suggest that probiotic bacteria can significantly improve heterophil oxidative burst and degranulation in broilers. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating a relationship between probiotics and avian heterophil function. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Farnell, MB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mfarnell@poultry.tamu.edu NR 35 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 85 IS 11 BP 1900 EP 1906 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 098ZA UT WOS:000241561100007 PM 17032821 ER PT J AU Farnell, MB Donoghue, AM de los Santos, FS Reyes-Herrera, I Cole, K Dirain, MLS Blore, PJ Pandya, K Donoghue, DJ AF Farnell, M. B. Donoghue, A. M. de los Santos, F. Solis Reyes-Herrera, I. Cole, K. Dirain, M. L. S. Blore, P. J. Pandya, K. Donoghue, D. J. TI Effect of oral administration of bismuth compounds on Campylobacter colonization in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; Campylobacter; bismuth citrate; bismuth subcitrate; mucin ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; GASTROINTESTINAL-DISEASES; JEJUNI; POULTRY; SUBCITRATE; TRACTS AB Bismuth compounds have been used since the 18th century to treat gastrointestinal ailments in man. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol) is currently used in combination with antibiotics to reduce enteric Helicobacter pylori colonization as a treatment of stomach ulcers. We investigated whether bismuth citrate or its parent compound, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, would reduce colonization of the closely related foodborne pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni in chickens. In 2 studies, birds were either fed 0, 50, or 200 ppm bismuth citrate or bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol) for 10 or 21 d and were orally challenged with 7 combined strains of C. jejuni (n=6 birds/treatment). For both treatment groups, cecal Campylobacter colonization was reduced when birds were fed 200 ppm for 10 d but not 21 d. For the 50 ppm treatment group, only birds dosed with bismuth citrate for 21 d demonstrated any reduction in cecal Campylobacter concentrations when compared with controls. These data suggest that bismuth citrate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate may reduce cecal colonization by Campylobacter in broilers, but these effects are inconsistent. C1 Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Dept, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Dept, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2009 EP 2011 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 098ZA UT WOS:000241561100023 PM 17032837 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Basenko, EY Branton, SL Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD AF Peebles, E. D. Basenko, E. Y. Branton, S. L. Whitmarsh, S. K. Gerard, P. D. TI Effects of S6-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at ten, twenty-two, or forty-five weeks of age on the blood characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood; calcium; hematocrit; lipid; Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS; F-STRAIN; S6 STRAIN; YOLK COMPOSITION; CHICKENS; LAYERS; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGE; INFECTION; PATHOLOGY AB In 2 consecutive trials of the current study, the effect of the age of application of S6-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (S6MG) inoculation on the blood characteristics of commercial layers housed and maintained under controlled conditions was determined. The ages of inoculation compared were those before lay at 10 wk of age, during onset of lay at 22 wk of age, and during postpeak lay at 45 wk of age. In each trial, hematocrit, plasma protein, and serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and Ca were determined at 20, 24, 32, 43, 47, and 58 wk of age. The data from both trials were pooled then analyzed together, whereas, data from wk 20 (effect of 10-wk S6MG inoculation); data from wk 24, 32, and 43 (effects of 10- and 22-wk S6MG inoculations); and data from wk 47 and 58 (effects of 10-, 22-, and 45-wk S6MG inoculations) were analyzed separately. At wk 20, hematocrit was higher in birds inoculated with S6MG at 10 wk compared with sham-inoculated birds, and across wk 24, 32, and 43, serum Ca was higher in birds inoculated with S6MG at 10 or 22 wk compared with those that were sham-inoculated. Serum Ca level across wk 47 and 58 was higher in birds inoculated with S6MG at 10 wk compared with sham-inoculated controls and birds inoculated with S6MG at 22 wk, with 45-wk S6MG-inoculated birds being intermediate. The response of serum cholesterol level at 47 wk to S6MG inoculation at either 10, 22, or 45 wk compared with controls was nearly opposite to that of the response observed at 58 wk. However, serum triglycerides were depressed only at wk 47 due to the 45-wk S6MG inoculation compared with all other treatments. Variable postpeak alterations in serum Ca and lipids occur in response to the timing of S6MG inoculation in layers housed under controlled conditions. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu RI Basenko, Evelina/G-8701-2014 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2012 EP 2018 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 098ZA UT WOS:000241561100024 PM 17032838 ER PT J AU Kim, ES Hong, YH Min, W Lillehoj, HS AF Kim, E. -S. Hong, Y. H. Min, W. Lillehoj, H. S. TI Fine-mapping of coccidia-resistant quantitative trait loci in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fine-mapping; quantitative trait loci; disease resistance; coccidiosis; chicken ID AFFECTING BODY-WEIGHT; MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; WHOLE GENOME SCAN; MAREKS-DISEASE; AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERCROSS CHICKENS; QTL; IDENTIFICATION; GROWTH AB Two commercial, pure broiler lines with different susceptibility to coccidiosis were used to fine-map QTL associated with the previously identified marker LEI0101, located at 259 cM on chromosome 1 and shown to be significantly associated with disease resistance. Eight additional microsatellite markers linked to LEI0101 were used for genotyping of F-1 parents and F-2 offspring (n=314), and their associations with oocyst shedding, as a marker of disease resistance, were determined in birds experimentally infected with Eimeria maxima. Single-point analysis of 4 families showed that logarithm of odds (LOD) scores at all marker loci were > 0.5, with the exception of marker LEI0071, located at 242 cM (LOD score=2.45). Multipoint analysis showed a maximum LOD score between LEI0071 and LEI0101 at 254 cM (LOD score=3.74). Although the LEI0071 marker was mapped near LEI0101 by linkage analysis, the physical location of LEI0071 was not identified. Further studies to determine the physical locations of these and other markers will allow additional application association mapping techniques using single nucleotide polymorphism markers. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Anim & Nat Res Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2028 EP 2030 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 098ZA UT WOS:000241561100026 PM 17032840 ER PT J AU Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Richards, MP McMurtry, JP AF Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M. Richards, M. P. McMurtry, J. P. TI Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and expression of three chicken 5 '-AMP-activated protein kinase gamma subunit genes SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 5 '-AMP-activated protein kinase; gamma subunit; alternative splicing; alternate promoter usage; energy homeostasis ID PRKAG3 GENE; BINDING; MUTATIONS; SUBFAMILY; DOMAINS; FORM; CELL; PIG AB The 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis. The AMPK is a heterotrimeric enzyme complex that consists of 1 catalytic (alpha) and 2 regulatory (beta and gamma) subunits. Mutations of the gamma subunit genes are known to affect AMPK functioning. In this study, we characterized the genomic organization and expression of 3 chicken AMPK gamma subunit genes (cPRKAG). Alternative splicing of the second exon of the cPRKAG1 gene resulted in 2 transcript variants that code for predicted proteins of 298 and 276 amino acids. Use of an alternate promoter and alternative splicing of the cPRKAG2 gene resulted in 4 transcript variants that code for predicted proteins of 567,452,328, and 158 amino acids. Alternative splicing of exon 3 of the cPRKAG3 gene resulted in the production of "long" and "short" transcript variants that code for predicted proteins of 382 and 378 amino acids, respectively. We found evidence for differential expression of individual gamma subunit gene transcript variants and, in some cases, tissue-specific expression was observed. The cPRKAG subunit genes displayed similar structural features and high sequence homology compared with corresponding mammalian 7 subunit gene homologues. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM monika@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2031 EP 2041 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 098ZA UT WOS:000241561100027 PM 17032841 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Miller, RE AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jonatban D. Miller, Ricbard E. TI Vegetation characteristics across part of the Wyoming big sagebrush alliance SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arternisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis; cover potential; plant associations; vegetation cover; sage-grouse ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; WILDFIRE; FIRE AB The Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S.L. Welsh) alliance is the most extensive of the big sagebrush complex in the Intermountain West. This alliance provides critical habitat for many sagebrush obligate and facultative wildlife species and serves as a forage base for livestock production. There is a lack of information that describes vegetation cover values, characteristics, diversity, and heterogeneity of the Wyoming big sagebrush alliance. This study describes vegetation cover values and defines distinct associations for intact, late-seral Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities across part of its northwestern range. We sampled 107 Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities. Total herbaceous cover values were variable among sites with differences between sites exceeding 700%. Mean sagebrush cover was 12.3% with 90% of the sites producing 6% to 20% cover. Tall forb (> 18 cm) cover averaged 1.9% and 90% of the sites varied between 0.2% and 5.6% cover. Five associations delineated by dominant perennial bunchgrass species were identified: ARTRW8 (Wyoming big sagebrush)[PSSP6 (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love, bluebunch wheatgrass), ARTRW8/ACTH7 (Achnatherum thurberianum [Piper] Barkworth, Thurber's needlegrass), ARTRW8/FEID (Festuca idahoensis Elmer, Idaho fescue), ARTRW8/HECO26 (Hesperostipa comata [Trin. & Rupr.] Barkworth, needle-and-thread), and ARTRW8/PSSP6ACTH7 (a codominance of bluebunch wheatgrass and Thurber's needlegrass). Our results suggest when the vegetation cover values proposed for sage-grouse are applied as requirements at or above the stand level, they exceed the ecological potential of many of the sites sampled. C1 Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 40 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.2111/06-004R2.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DX UT WOS:000242432700001 ER PT J AU Andales, AA Derner, JD Ahuja, LR Hart, RH AF Andales, Allan A. Derner, Justin D. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Hart, Richard H. TI Strategic and Tactial prediction of forage production in northern mixed-grass prairie SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decision support tool; Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management (GPFARM); modeling; northern Great Plains; peak standing crop; precipitation; simulation model ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; ECONOMIC RESPONSES; EASTERN COLORADO; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION; SYSTEMS; CATTLE; USA AB Predictions of forage production derived from site-specific environmental information (e.g., soil type, weather, plant community composition, and so on) could help land managers decide on appropriate stocking rates of livestock. This study assessed the applicability of the Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management (GPFARM) forage growth model for both strategic (long-term) and tactical (within-season) prediction of forage production in northern mixed-grass prairie. An improved version of the model was calibrated for conditions at the USDA-ARS High Plains Grasslands Research Station in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Long-term (1983-2001) simulations of peak standing crop (PSC) were compared to observations. Also, within-season (1983) forecasts of total aboveground biomass made for 1. March onward, 1 April onward, 1 May onward, and 1 June onward were compared to observations. The normal, driest, and wettest weather years on record (1915-1981) were used to simulate expected values, lower bounds, and upper bounds of biomass production, respectively. The forage model explained 66% of the variability in PSC from 1983 to 2001. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) derived from long-term simulated PSC overestimates cumulative probabilities for PSC > 1 500 kg.ha(-1). The generated CDF could be used strategically to estimate long-term forage production at various levels of probability, with errors in cumulative probability ranging from 0.0 to 0.16. Within-season forecasts explained 77%-94% of biomass variability in 1983. It was shown that monthly updating of the forage forecast, with input of actual weather to date, improves accuracy. Further development and testing of the forage simulation model will focus on the interactions between forage growth, environmental perturbations (especially drought), and grazing. C1 ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Andales, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Allan.Andales@ars.usda.gov RI Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 576 EP 584 DI 10.2111/06-001R1.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DX UT WOS:000242432700002 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Svejcar, TJ Johnson, DA Angell, RE Saliendra, NZ Wylie, BK AF Gilmanov, Tagir G. Svejcar, Tony J. Johnson, Douglas A. Angell, Raymond E. Saliendra, Nicanor Z. Wylie, Bruce K. TI Long-term dynamics of production, respiration, and net CO2 exchange in two sagebrush-steppe ecosystems SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CO2 flux tower measurements; gross primary production; ecosystem respiration; flux partitioning; daytime respiration; nighttime respiration; light-response function method; US Intermountain West ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; BIOMASS DYNAMICS; EDDY COVARIANCE; BOWEN-RATIO; VEGETATION AB We present a synthesis of long-term measurements Of CO2 exchange in 2 US Intermountain West sage brush-steppe ecosystems. The locations near Burns, Oregon (1995-2001), and Dubois, Idaho (1996-2001), are part of the AgriFlux Network of the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (F-c) during the growing season were continuously recorded at flux towers using the Bowen ratio-energy balance technique. Data were partitioned into gross primary productivity (P-g) and ecosystem respiration (R-e) using the light-response function method. Wintertime fluxes were measured during 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 and used to model fluxes in other winters. Comparison of daytime respiration derived from light-response analysis with nighttime tower measurements showed close correlation, with daytime respiration being on the average higher than nighttime respiration. Maxima of P-g and R-e at Burns were both 20 g CO2 . m(-2) . d(-1) in 1998. Maxima of P-g and R-e at Dubois were 37 and 35 g CO2 . m(-2) . d(-1), respectively, in 1997. Mean annual gross primary production at Burns was 1 111 (range 475-1 715) g CO2.m(-2) . y(-1) or about 30% lower than that at Dubois (1 602, range 963-2 162 g CO2 . m(-2). y(-1)). Across the years, both ecosystems were net sinks for atmospheric CO2 with a mean net ecosystem CO2 exchange of 82 g CO2 . m(-2). y(-1) at Burns and 253 g CO2 . m(-2). y(-1) at Dubois, but on a yearly basis either site could be a C sink or source, mostly depending on precipitation timing and amount. Total annual precipitation is not a good predictor of carbon sequestration across sites. Our results suggest that F-c should be partitioned into P-g and R-e components to allow prediction of seasonal and yearly dynamics Of CO2 fluxes. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. ARS, USDA, E Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Ag Hall 304,Box 2207B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM tagir.gilmanov@sdstate.edu RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 65 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 585 EP 599 DI 10.2111/05-198R1.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DX UT WOS:000242432700003 ER PT J AU Haan, MM Russell, JR Powers, WJ Kovar, JL Benning, JL AF Haan, Mathew M. Russell, James R. Powers, Wendy J. Kovar, John L. Benning, Jamie L. TI Grazing management effects on sediment and phosphorus in surface runoff SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cattle; non-point-source pollution; nutrients; rainfall simulation; water quality ID FESCUE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; OVERLAND-FLOW; MIXED PRAIRIE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CATTLE; VEGETATION; PASTURE; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS AB Sediment and phosphorus (P) in runoff from pastures are potential non-point-source pollutants in surface waters that may be influenced by surface cover, sward height, treading damage, surface slope, soil moisture, and soil P. The objectives of the current study were to quantify sediment and total P loads in runoff produced during simulated rainfall from pastures and to evaluate their relationships with the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and sward. Five forage management treatments-ungrazed (U), hay harvest/fall stockpile grazing (HS), continuous stocking to a sward height of 5 cm (5C), and rotational stocking to sward heights of 5 (5R) or 10 (10R) cm-were established in triplicate 0.40-ha paddocks in 3 smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures for 3 years. Rainfall simulations were conducted at a rainfall intensity of 7.1 cm.h(-1) for 1.5 hours over a 0.5-m(2) area in 3 locations at 2 slope ranges in each paddock in June, August, and October of each year and the subsequent April. Forage management did not affect mean sediment load (7.3 +/- 5.0 kg.ha(-1).h(-1)). Mean total P load was greatest from 5C treatment (0.071 +/- 0.011 kg.ha(-1).h(-1)), did not differ among the U, HS, and 10R treatments (0.019 +/- 0.011 kg.ha(-1).h(-1)), and was intermediate in the 5R treatment (0.053 +/- 0.011 kg.ha(-1).h(-1)). Of the soil and sward characteristics measured, percentage surface cover was most highly related to sediment load (R-2 = 0.16) and total P load (R-2 = 0.10). Surface runoff from pastures managed to maintain adequate residual forage cover did not contribute greater sediment or P to surface waters than an ungrazed grassland. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Russell, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 337 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jrussell@iastate.edu NR 47 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 607 EP 615 DI 10.2111/05-152R2.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DX UT WOS:000242432700005 ER PT J AU Herrera, F Ocumpaugh, WR Ortega, JA Lloyd-Reilley, J Rasmussen, GA Maher, S AF Herrera-C., F. Ocumpaugh, W. R. Ortega-S., J. A. Lloyd-Reilley, J. Rasmussen, G. A. Maher, S. TI Improving germination in windmillgrass ecotypes SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE native grasses; dormancy; caryopsis; scarification; Chloris cucullata; Chloris subdolichostachya ID SEED-GERMINATION; DORMANCY; EMERGENCE; GRASSES AB Hooded windmillgrass (Chloris cucullata Bisch.) and shortspike windmillgrass (C. subdolichostachya Muell.) are native perennial grasses with potential for planting on highly erodible sites and on sites where introduced species are not desired. However, in both species, seeds are dormant resulting in poor germination. The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of lemma and palea removal and caryopsis scarification on seed germination of 8 outstanding ecotypes selected in previous studies for survival and growth characteristics. Seed treatments were 1) whole seed, 2) naked caryopsis, 3) scarified naked caryopsis (30 s), 4) scarified naked caryopsis (50 s), and 5) scarified naked caryopsis (60 s). Germination conditions were 12 h dark 20 degrees C and 12 h light 30 degrees C. Seed lot viability varied from 55% to 62% for shortspike windmillgrass ecotypes and from 71% to 78% for hooded windmillgrass ecotypes. Initial germination index (MIR10) of naked caryopsis for shortspike windmillgrass ecotypes ranged from 16.3 to 21.6, compared to range from 0.2 to 0.6 to whole seed; whereas hooded windmillgrass ecotypes MIR10 ranged from 30.6 to 33.0 to naked caryopsis, compared to range from 5.8 to 8.0 to whole seed. The greatest total germination (P < 0.05) was obtained with naked caryopsis for all ecotypes and the scarification treatments did not have a positive effect on this parameter. As scarification time increased the total germination decreased. Lemma and palea removal improved (P < 0.05) total germination for all studied ecotypes. C1 Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Sauta, Nayarit, Mexico. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Stn, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Anim & Wildlife Sci Dept, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. NRCS, USDA, E Kika de la Garza Plant Mat Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Ortega, JA (reprint author), MSC 228,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM poncho.ortega@tamuk.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 660 EP 663 DI 10.2111/06-007R1.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DX UT WOS:000242432700012 ER PT J AU Utsumi, SA Cibils, AF Estell, RE Wang, YF AF Utsumi, Santiago A. Cibils, Andre F. Estell, Rick E. Wang, Yuan-Feng TI Influence of plant material handling protocols on terpenoid profiles of one-seed juniper saplings SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE juniperus monosperma; plant volatiles; gas chromatography; storage conditions; plant variation ID SCOPULORUM CUPRESSACEAE; FLOURENSIA-CERNUA; DIURNAL-VARIATION; ALFALFA PELLETS; LEAF SURFACE; CONSUMPTION; GOATS; HERBIVORY; STORAGE; SHEEP AB Accurate estimation of one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma [Engelm.] Sarg.) intake by herbivores often requires harvesting, transporting, and storing plant material that is later used in pen experiments. Such manipulation could alter terpenoid profiles and modify herbivory levels significantly. We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to analyze the terpenoid profile of leaves from 10 short (0.5 m +/- 0.05, mean +/- SE) and 10 tall (1.14 m +/- 0.06) one-seed juniper saplings subjected to 3 handling protocols: a) placed on dry ice after clipping and stored after 5 hours at - 80 degrees C for 3 weeks (Control); b) kept at ambient temperature for the first 24 hours and then frozen at -80 degrees C for 3 weeks; or c) kept at ambient temperature for the first 24 hours, and then stored at 8 degrees C for 3 weeks. juniper saplings contained 51 terpenoids, 3 of which were unknown compounds. Fourteen terpenoids accounted for 95% of the total amount of volatiles. The most abundant compound was alpha-pinene, which accounted for 65% of total terpenoids present. Handling protocols were not associated with detectable differences in total terpenoid content (Means +/- SE, Control: 21.68 +/- 1.42 mg . g(-1) dry matter [DM]; Frozen after 24 hours: 19.55 +/- 1.08 mg . g(-1) DM; Refrigerated after 24 hours: 18.80 +/- 1.13 mg.g(-1) DM). However, total terpenoid amount and concentration of a few major compounds tended to decrease with increasing storage temperature. Handling protocols induced detectable variations in a small number of minor terpenoids. We observed large among-plant variation in terpenoid profiles that was not fully explained on the basis of sapling size. This study suggests that the length of storage period of one-seed juniper branches should not exceed 3 weeks and that storage refrigeration temperatures should be kept below 8 degrees C to prevent significant alterations in terpenoid profiles. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. ARS Jornada Expt Range, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Utsumi, SA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, MSC Box 3-I, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM sau@nmsu.edu NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.2111/06-010R1.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DX UT WOS:000242432700014 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Johnson, DE Harris, N Thomas, DR AF Clark, Patrick E. Johnson, Douglas E. Harris, Norman Thomas, David R. TI Low-cost radiation shielding for use in mapping the thermal environments of rangeland animals SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE air temperature; environmental factors; grid; habitat mapping; sampling; solar; spatial; thermal ID CATTLE AB Variations in its thermal environment can influence how an animal utilizes a rangeland landscape. Mapping the spatial and temporal air temperature patterns throughout a landscape may be helpful in predicting range animal distribution and habitat use. Many sampling points are required to effectively map air temperature levels throughout extensive and topographically diverse rangelands. Self-contained air temperature data loggers are commercially available, but these require shielding from solar radiation to provide accurate measurements. Commercial shields are expensive and fragile. A low-cost, robust, and effective alternative to commercial shields is needed for air temperature mapping applications. Two types of shields, vented cylinder and inverted-U shaped, were constructed from PVC pipe. Temperature loggers protected in either of these shielding types provided more accurate air temperature measurements than unshielded loggers. Temperature measurements from loggers protected by inverted-U shields were within +/-2.5 degrees C of a reference instrument in 94.7% of 2 496 observations. About 86.2% of observations acquired by loggers within vented-cylinder shields were within +/-2.5 degrees C of the reference. Conversely, only 66.1 % of the measurements from unshielded loggers were within +/-2.5 degrees C of the reference. Both shielding types were designed to be attached to a swiveling mounting system, thus avoiding damage by animals and eliminating the need for protective exclosure fencing. Materials costs for constructing either shield type, including the mounting system, were $8.00 or less. In contrast, commercially available radiation shields with mounting hardware cost $75.00 or more. Compared to the use of commercial shielding, construction and deployment of these PVC-pipe shields would reduce the cost, time, and labor required to collect accurate air temperature data at many points across an extensive landscape. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Alaska, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM pciark@nwrc.ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 674 EP 679 DI 10.2111/05-093R2.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DX UT WOS:000242432700015 ER PT J AU Ashworth, DJ Shaw, G AF Ashworth, D. J. Shaw, G. TI Soil migration, plant uptake and volatilisation of radio-selenium from a contaminated water table SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Se-79; Se-75; radioactive waste disposal; selenium speciation; redox potential; soil columns ID RADIONUCLIDE TRANSPORT; PH AB The properties of 79 Se make it of likely potential importance in safety studies for geological disposal of radioactive wastes. Despite a substantial literature on toxic and nutritional aspects of selenium in the environment little consideration has been given to the behaviour of radioactive selenium and its potential transfer from a radioactive waste repository to the biosphere. Column experiments (15 x 50 cm), using a sandy loam soil, indicated that the upwards migration of Se-75 (as a surrogate for Se-79) from a contaminated water table was dependent upon the redox status of the soil. Low redox conditions within the water table strongly limited upwards Se-75 Soil migration, presumably due to the immobilisation of reduced Se species. Under natural conditions, Se-79 from a radioactive waste repository is therefore likely to accumulate at considerable depth. As a consequence, its absence from the rooting zone is likely to limit its transfer into plants. Nevertheless, the column experiments indicated that when an overlap between roots and soil contamination occurs, uptake into the plant is observed. Quantification of Se-75 volatilisation from the column surfaces suggested that this is a significant pathway by which Se-79 may move either directly from soil to the atmosphere, or from soil to plants and then to the atmosphere. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Environm Policy, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. RP Ashworth, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dashworth@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 2-3 BP 506 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.07.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100FH UT WOS:000241653000024 PM 16887170 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA Krutz, LJ Lerch, RN Lizotte, RE Knight, SS Gordon, RE Steinriede, RW AF Zablotowicz, Robert M. Locke, Martin A. Krutz, L. Jason Lerch, Robert N. Lizotte, Richard E. Knight, Scott S. Gordon, R. Earl Steinriede, R. Wade TI Influence of watershed system management on herbicide concentrations in Mississippi Delta oxbow lakes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atrazine; cyanazine; fluometuron; herbicides; metolachlor; Mississippi Delta; oxbow lakes; water quality ID SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; QUALITY; STREAMS; RUNOFF; COTTON; FLUOMETURON; TILLAGE; SOIL AB The Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MD-MSEA) project was established in 1994 in three small watersheds (202 to 1497 ha) that drain into oxbow lakes (Beasley, Deep Hollow, and Thighman). The primary research objective was to assess the implications of management practices on water quality. Monthly monitoring of herbicide concentrations in lake water was conducted from 2000 to 2003. Water samples were analyzed for atrazine, cyanazine, fluometuron, metolachlor, and atrazine metabolites. Herbicide concentrations observed in the lake water reflected cropping systems of the watershed, e.g., atrazine and metolachlor concentrations were associated with the level of corn and sorghum production, whereas cyanazine and fluometuron was associated with the level of glyphosate-sensitive cotton production. The dynamics of herbicide appearance and dissipation in lake samples were strongly influenced by herbicide use, lake hydrology, rainfall pattern, and land management practices. The highest maximum concentrations of atrazine (7.1 to 23.4 mu g L-1) and metolachlor (0.7 to 14.9 mu g L-1) were observed in Thighman Lake where significant quantities of corn were grown. Introduction of s-metolachlor and use of glyphosateresistant cotton coincided with reduced concentration of metolachlor in lake water. Cyanazine was observed in two lakes with the highest levels (1.6 to 5.5 mu g L-1) in 2000 and lower concentrations in 2001 and 2002 (< 0.4 mu g L-1). Reduced concentrations of fluometuron in Beasley Lake were associated with greater use of glyphosate-resistant cotton and correspondingly less need for soil-applied fluometuron herbicide. In contrast, increased levels of fluometuron were observed in lake water after Deep Hollow was converted from conservation tillage to conventional tillage, presumably due to greater runoff associated with conventional tillage. These studies indicate that herbicide concentrations observed in these three watersheds were related to crop and soil management practices. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 2-3 BP 552 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.023 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100FH UT WOS:000241653000028 PM 17005240 ER PT J AU Animut, G Goetsch, AL Aiken, GE Puchala, R Detweiler, G Krehbiel, CR Merkel, RC Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Johnson, ZB Kiesler, DH AF Animut, G. Goetsch, A. L. Aiken, G. E. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Krehbiel, C. R. Merkel, R. C. Sahlu, T. Dawson, L. J. Johnson, Z. B. Kiesler, D. H. TI Performance by goats and sheep consuming a concentrate-based diet subsequent to razing grass/forb pastures at three stocking rates SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; sheep; stocking rate; performance ID LIVE WEIGHT-GAIN; PLASMA LEPTIN CONCENTRATION; BELGIAN BLUE BULLS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; UNDEGRADABLE PROTEIN; MEAT CHARACTERISTICS; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; FEED RESTRICTION AB A study was conducted to determine effects of grazing of mixed grass/forb, pastures at three stocking rates (SR) on subsequent performance of goats and sheep fed a concentrate-based diet. Experimental periods, in 2002 and 2003, were 15 weeks in length, following 16 weeks of grazing (May to September) of pastures with warm season grasses and various forbs. Sheep (Katahdin) and goat (> 75% Boer blood) wethers were 4-5 months of age when grazing began. Stocking rates were four (SR4), six (SR6), and eight (SR8) animals per 0.4 ha pasture, with equal numbers of sheep and goats and three pastures per SR. Two sheep and two goats from each pasture were used in the subsequent confinement period, with initial BW of 25 +/- 0.6 and 23 +/- 0.5 kg, respectively. Average daily gain by all animals during grazing tended to decrease linearly (P < 0.10) with increasing SR (61, 51, and 47 g/day for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively). In the period after grazing, DM intake tended (P < 0.10) to be affected by an interaction between SR and year (year 1: 958, 966, and 10 +/- 11 g/day; year 2: 1109, 904, and 930 g/day for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively (S.E. = 56.8)). There was a tendency (P < 0.07) for an interaction between SR and year in overall ADG (year 1: 172, 160, and 177 g; year 2: 193, 135, and 141 g for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively (S.E. = 12.6)). Sheep had higher overall ADG than goats (193 versus 133g; S.E.=7.9). Gain efficiency (ADG:DMI) was not influenced by SR(P > 0.10). Energy expenditure (EE) measured in weeks 3 and 9 via heart rate increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing SR (562, 589, and 628 kJ/kg BW0.75 for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively; S.E. = 16.4). In conclusion, SR had no impact on ADG of sheep and goat wethers consuming a concentrate-based diet subsequent to the grazing period, which may involve effect of prior SR on subsequent EE. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Anim Sci Dept, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.023 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 097XY UT WOS:000241484500012 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Rosenkrans, CF Rorie, RW Golden, C Apple, JK AF Burke, J. M. Rosenkrans, C. F. Rorie, R. W. Golden, C. Apple, J. K. TI Reproductive responses of ram lambs under short-term exposure to endophyte-infected tall fescue seed SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rams; reproduction; sperm; tall fescue; testosterone ID GRAZING COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; RECIPROCAL-CROSS COWS; YEARLING BEEF BULLS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; HEAT-STRESS; PERFORMANCE AB Our objective was to determine the influence of short-term exposure to endophyte-infected tall fescue on reproductive function of ram lambs. Rams (214 days of age) were fed a diet free of endophyte-infected fescue seed (EF; n = 8) or endophyte-infected fescue seed (EI; n = 9; 34% of diet; 4.8 mu g g(-1) ergovaline) for 6 weeks. Feed offered to EF rams, individually fed, was reduced to the average intake of El lambs from previous day so that intake was similar between treatments and averaged 2.4% BW (DM basis), leading to daily intake of 33.7 mu g ergovaline kg(-1) BW for the El fed lambs. Daily high ambient temperature for the trial ranged between 16 and 26 degrees C. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured at 14:00 daily. Blood was collected for serum concentrations of prolactin (weekly) and testosterone (twice weekly). Body weight and body condition scores (BCS; I = thin; 5 = fat) were determined every 14 days. Scrotal circumference, scrotal skin temperature, and semen characteristics were determined weekly. Rams were slaughtered after 6 weeks of feeding. Signs of fescue toxicosis in El fed rams included increased rectal temperature (P < 0.001, R-2 = 0.11) and respiration rate (day, P < 0.001, R-2 = 0.25) when high ambient temperature exceeded 22 degrees C and reduced serum concentrations of prolactin (diet x day, P < 0.001). Body weight of El fed rams tended to decrease after 36 days of feeding compared with EF fed rams (-3.0 kg versus 0.51 kg; P < 0.07) and BCS was similar between treatment throughout the trial. Serum concentrations of testosterone were greater in El compared with EF fed rams (diet x day, P < 0.005, R 2 = 0.0g). Scrotal skin temperature, scrotal circumference, semen volume, percent sperm motility, and percent abnormal sperm were similar between treatments. Spermatozoa concentration tended to be greater in EF compared with El fed rams after 43 days of feeding (P < 0.10; R 2 = 0.15). Rate of forward movement of spermatozoa tended to increase at a greater rate between Days 8 and 29 in EF compared with El fed rams (diet x day, P < 0.08). Feeding endophyte-infected fescue seed to ram lambs was associated with potential decreased fertility and increased serum concentrations of testosterone. Short term exposure of endophyte toxins to male ruminants may negatively impact reproductive responses. Feeding for longer periods may further reduce fertility and merits further research. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.056 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 097XY UT WOS:000241484500016 ER PT J AU Emery, MR AF Emery, Marla R. TI Nature in the global South: Environmental projects in South and Southeast Asia SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. RP Emery, MR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 10 BP 939 EP 940 DI 10.1080/08941920600903485 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 095CP UT WOS:000241286100006 ER PT J AU Olk, DC Cassman, KG Schmidt-Rohr, K Anders, MM Mao, JD Deenik, JL AF Olk, D. C. Cassman, K. G. Schmidt-Rohr, K. Anders, M. M. Mao, J. -D. Deenik, J. L. TI Chemical stabilization of soil organic nitrogen by phenolic lignin residues in anaerobic agroecosystems SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 13-17, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE anaerobic; lignin; nitrogen; NMR; soil organic matter; Phenols; rice ID CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE CORN; TROPICAL LOWLAND SOIL; HUMIC-ACID FRACTIONS; SOLID-STATE NMR; RICE SOILS; CROP PRODUCTION; N-FERTILIZER; MATTER; YIELD; IMMOBILIZATION AB This review summarizes independent reports of yield decreases in several agricultural systems that are associated with repeated cropping under wet or submerged soil conditions. Crop and soil data from most of these agroecosystems have led researchers to attribute yield decreases to a reduction in crop uptake of N mineralized from soil organic matter (SOM). These trends are most evident in several long-term field experiments on continuous lowland rice systems in the Philippines, but similar trends are evident in a continuous rice rotation in Arkansas, USA and with no-till cropping systems in North American regions with cool, wet climatic conditions in Spring. Soil analyses from some of these systems have found an accumulation of phenolic lignin compounds in SOM. Phenolic compounds covalently bind nitrogenous compounds into recalcitrant forms in laboratory conditions and occurrence of this chemical immobilization under field conditions would be consistent with field observations of reduced soil N supply. However, technological shortcomings have precluded its demonstration for naturally formed SOM. Through recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, agronomically significant quantities of lignin-bound N were found in a triple-cropped rice soil in the Philippines. A major research challenge is to demonstrate in the anaerobic agroecosystems that these lignin residues bind sufficient quantities of soil N to cause the observed yield decreases. A key objective will be to elucidate the cycling dynamics of lignin-bound N relative to the seasonal pattern of crop N demand. Anaerobic decomposition of crop residues may be the key feature of anaerobic cropping systems that promotes the accumulation of phenolic lignin residues and hence the covalent binding of soil N. Potential mitigation options include improved timing of applied N fertilizer, which has already been shown to reverse yield decreases in tropical rice, and aerobic decomposition of crop residues, which can be accomplished through field drainage or timing of tillage operations. Future research will evaluate whether aerobic decomposition promotes the formation of phenol-depleted SOM and greater in-season N mineralization, even when the soil is otherwise maintained under flooded conditions during the growing season. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM olk@nstl.gov NR 48 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 38 IS 11 BP 3303 EP 3312 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.009 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097YA UT WOS:000241484700012 ER PT J AU Sadeghi, A Graff, CD Starr, J McCarty, G Codling, E Sefton, K AF Sadeghi, Ali Graff, Carrie D. Starr, Jim McCarty, Greg Codling, Eton Sefton, Kerry TI Spatial variability of soil phosphorous levels before and after poultry litter application SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extractable soil P; spatial variability; geostatistics; field plots ID SEMI-VARIOGRAMS; FIELD AB Accurate assessment of environmental research on small plots requires knowledge of the spatial variability in soil properties at small spatial scales. Management practices, such as manure application, can affect this variability, which should be accounted for in small plot studies. The goal of this research was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil extractable P (EP) on eight large plots before and after poultry manure application in 2003 and 2004. Soils were collected on an approximate 10-m random grid in all plots. Spatial variability was assessed through semivariance analysis, and the ratio of nugget/total semivariance was used to classify spatial dependence. In general, spatial structure was only found in the larger plots. Spatial dependence was moderate to strong after application in 2003, with nugget/total semivariance ratios ranging between 0.09 and 0.4. This can likely be attributed to four significant rainfall events that redistributed soil EPon the landscape. The lack of spatial variability in 2004 postapplication EP reflects the inherent random variability that arises from manure application, as no major rainfall event occurred between application and soil sampling. The range over which soil EP varied was less than 25 m in all plots for which spatial variability could be detected, suggesting that it should be accounted for in small plot studies. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Prod Utilizat, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Graff, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM GraffC@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 171 IS 11 BP 850 EP 857 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228060.46205.7b PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 109RU UT WOS:000242327100003 ER PT J AU Codling, EE AF Codling, Eton E. TI Laboratory characterization of extractable phosphorus in poultry litter and poultry litter ash SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE labile P; Hedley extraction; water quality; mine spoils ID SOIL; FRACTIONS; RAINFALL; MANURE; FORMS AB One method for handling excess poultry litter (PL) is burning. Implementation of this practice would reduce the volume of PL available for land application while generating electricity. Poultry litter ash (PLA), the by-product of burning PL, contains high concentrations of P, calcium, potassium, and magnesium, which could be used as fertilizers. Sequential extraction of PL has shown that the largest fraction of inorganic P was water (H2O) soluble, which could contribute to eutrophication of surface H2O. However, the forms of P in PLA have not been determined. The objective was to compare the extractable fractions of PLA with those of PL. Poultry litter samples were collected from three poultry farms on the Maryland Eastern Shore, and a portion of each PL sample was ashed at 550 degrees C. An additional sample of PLA was obtained from a pilot study conducted by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources in which PL was used as a fuel source in a wood-burning power plant. P fractions of the PL and PLA were determined with a modified Hedley fractionation technique. The effectiveness of extractants in removing inorganic P from PL was ranked, from highest to lowest, as H2O > HCl > sodium bicarbonate > sodium hydroxide, whereas from PLA, the ranking was HCl > sodium bicarbonate > sodium hydroxide = H2O. The average total inorganic P extracted from PL and PLA by H2O were 55% and 1.45%, respectively, and the averaged total inorganic P extracted by HCl (hydrochloric acid) fractions were 34% and 82% for PL and PLA, respectively. The low H2O-soluble inorganic P observed in the PLA suggests that fertilizers using PLA would be less of a H2O-pollutant problem than PL when used in pastures and range lands. However, further studies are needed to determine the recommended application rate for poultry PLA compared with PL for optimum crop growth without impairing H2O quality. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Prod Utlizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Prod Utlizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM codlinge@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 171 IS 11 BP 858 EP 864 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228059.38581.97 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 109RU UT WOS:000242327100004 ER PT J AU Reed, S Shinde, D Konomi, K Jayachandran, K Nkedi-Kizza, P Savabi, MR AF Reed, Stewart Shinde, Dilip Konomi, Kenichiro Jayachandran, Krishnaswamy Nkedi-Kizza, Peter Savabi, Mohammed Reza TI Phosphorus leaching potential from compost amendments in a carbonatic soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE P leaching; compost; adsorption and description; P fractionation ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; CALCAREOUS SOILS; NO-TILLAGE; VERTISOLS AB Composts are applied to carbonatic soils in south Florida to improve their physical characteristics and increase water retention. Blends of biosolids and municipal waste are often combined to increase the nutrient content of the compost. However, the high P content of some compost has led to concerns about the potential for P movement into shallow groundwater. Studies were conducted to determine the potential for P leaching in soil amended with biosolids, clean organic waste, and Bedminster composts. Bedminster was the most suitable of the composts used in terms of a lower potential for P leaching as a result of P sorption in the amended soil. Each compost-amended soil demonstrated a slight decrease in P leaching at 1 pore volume after simulated rainfall (21 cm). Pore volume was defined as the total volume in a column less the volume of solids. The high P content of the composts made it unlikely that additions of these materials to soil would improve P sorption capacity. However, Bedminster and clean organic waste did not significantly increase P leaching above that of the soil. Caution should be exercised when applying these composts because materials themselves contain an enormous amount of P that could be eventually transported into the groundwater. C1 USDA ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Reed, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM sreed@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 171 IS 11 BP 865 EP 873 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228057.00463.48 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 109RU UT WOS:000242327100005 ER PT J AU Green, VS Dao, TH Cavigelli, MA Flanagan, DC AF Green, V. Steven Dao, Thanh H. Cavigelli, Michel A. Flanagan, Dennis C. TI Phosphorus fractions and dynamics among soil aggregate size classes of organic and conventional cropping systems SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioactive P; phytase-hydrolyzable P; soil aggregate; water quality; complexed P; organic P ID AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; CULTIVATED SOILS; CATTLE MANURE; CARBON; RELEASE; MATTER; BIOAVAILABILITY; LOSSES; WATER; EXTRACTABILITY AB Particulate nutrient transport from agricultural fields contributes to water quality degradation; however, insufficient data exist about potential bioactive P transport from erosion. Traditional measures of soil P such as total P or soil test P do not adequately assess the risk of water quality degradation due to particulate P because these measures do not necessarily reflect soil P bioactivity. To better understand the risk of water quality degradation due to sediment-associated P, we quantified the bioactive P fractions in five aggregate size classes from conventional no-tin and chisel-till cropping systems as well as a tilled organic cropping system. Cropping system was not related to the concentration of bioactive P fractions in whole soils. However, aggregate size was related to bioactive P fraction concentrations. In general, macroaggregates had greater concentrations of bioactive P than did microaggregates and silt- and clay-sized particles across all cropping systems; the less than 0.053 mm aggregate size class had the lowest concentrations of bioactive P. To better understand the dynamics of these bioactive P fractions over time, we conducted an incubation study on the aggregates of the no-till system and quantified the bioactive P changes over time. Water-extractable P and complexed inorganic P concentrations did not change significantly during the incubation. However, complexed organic P concentrations increased up to 2-fold during the 56-day incubation. Using soil bioactive P fraction measurements from easily erodible aggregate sizes should aid in water quality degradation risk assessments. However, our research demonstrates the need to quantify the parameters that affect the dynamics of bioactive P fractions. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Green, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sgreen@astate.edu NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 171 IS 11 BP 874 EP 885 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228055.92839.53 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 109RU UT WOS:000242327100006 ER PT J AU Li, H Teppen, BJ Laird, DA Johnston, CT Boyd, SA AF Li, Hui Teppen, Brian J. Laird, David A. Johnston, Cliff T. Boyd, Stephen A. TI Effects of increasing potassium chloride and calcium chloride ionic strength on pesticide sorption by potassium- and calcium-smectite SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CLAY-MINERALS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ADSORPTION; WATER; ATRAZINE; MODEL; MONTMORILLONITE; PHENANTHRENE AB In aqueous suspension, the affinity of many pesticides for smectites is influenced by the clay properties such as surface area, surface charge density and location, exchangeable cations, and hydration status of exchangeable cations in clay interlayers. The amount and the type of salts present in the aqueous phase influence clay quasicrystal structures and hydration status, which we hypothesize as major determinants of pesticide sorption. To test this hypothesis, we measured sorption isotherms of alachlor, atrazine, dichlobenil, and diuron by K+-saturated smectite (K-SWy-2) in KCl solution and Ca2+-saturated smectite (Ca-SWy-2) in CaCl2 solution at several ionic strengths. The results indicated that pesticide sorption by K-SWy-2 significantly increased with increasing aqueous KCl concentration. In contrast, sorption by Ca-SWy-2 at different CaCl2 ionic strengths remained nearly constant. The "salting-out" effect on the reduction of dissolution of pesticides failed to account for the significantly increased sorption by K-SWy-2 in aqueous KCl solutions. We conclude that formation of better-ordered clay quasicrystals and shrinkage of clay interlayer distance owing to increased KCl ionic strength facilitate the intercalation of pesticides leading to greater sorption by the clay, while the salting-out effect plays a minor role (if any) in the observed sorption enhancement. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Boyd, SA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM boyds@msu.edu RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010; Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1889 EP 1895 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0392 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300008 ER PT J AU Staley, TE Brauer, DK AF Staley, Thomas E. Brauer, David K. TI Survival of a genetically modified root-colonizing pseudomonad and rhizobium strain in an acidic soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEGUMINOSARUM BV TRIFOLII; WHITE CLOVER NODULATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BENTONITE CLAY; PUTIDA STRAIN; MODEL SYSTEM; BACTERIA; GROWTH; FLUORESCENS; CALCIUM AB Maintaining threshold populations of inoculum microorganisms in the soil environment is important for such practical applications as biocontrol, plant growth-promotion, bioremediation, and nodulation. However, because of both technical and labor constraints in monitoring bacterial viability in nonsterile soils, few studies have reported on survival kinetics, particularly in relation to subtle alterations in soil acidity-related factors. A genetically modified strain Pseudomonas putida R20/lacZY or Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii 162S7a/ gusA was introduced into conditioned, nonsterile Gilpin (fine loamy, mixed mesic, Typic Hapludult) silt loam soil, limed at four low levels (pH, 4.71, 4.81, 4.92, and 4.99) or derivative soil solutions with highly correlated (R-2 >= 0.81) chemical properties. Immediate declines in viability of both strains were found in all soils, reaching 0.1 to 1% initial colony-forming unit (CFU) g(-1) soil in 35 h for P. putida and in 68 h for R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii. Death rate constants (kd) for both strains were directly related to lime level (soil pH), although differences were not significant (P > 0.05) for the rhizobium. Use of soil solutions gave similar responses for both strains, but over much shorter incubation times. As with soils, kd values for both strains in soil solutions were directly related to lime level (solution pH). In both soil and soil solution experiments, survival (kd) was negatively correlated (R-2 >= -0.914) with pH and basic cation (Ca and Mg), and positively correlated (R-2 >= 0.933) with AI, concentrations. This relationship of viability to soil solution chemistry was broadly confirmed for both bacterial strains by use of fluorescent probes, suggesting increased cell membrane damage at lower pHs. These results demonstrate not only the alternative utility of using soil solutions, rather than nonsterile soils, for bacterial viability assessments, but also the positive effect of low-level liming (similar to 0.28 pH unit increase) on survival of beneficial root-colonizing bacteria in acidic soils. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Staley, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Tom.Staley@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1906 EP 1913 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0056 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300010 ER PT J AU Gehl, RJ Schmidt, JP Godsey, CB Maddux, LD Gordon, WB AF Gehl, Ronald J. Schmidt, John P. Godsey, Chad B. Maddux, Larry D. Gordon, W. Barney TI Post-harvest soil nitrate in irrigated corn: Variability among eight field sites and multiple nitrogen rates SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SANDY SOIL; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; MOVEMENT; YIELD AB Elevated post-harvest soil NO3 is an indicator that N fertilizer was applied in excess of the amount required to obtain maximum corn (Zea mays L.) yield, and represents a quantifiable environmental risk if water percolates through the soil profile during the fallow season. The reliability of using post-harvest soil NO3 as an indicator of NO3 leaching potential was considered for various field sites with similar soil characteristics and slightly variable rainfall conditions. Six N treatments (surface broadcast) included: (i) 300 and (ii) 250 kg N ha(-1) applied at planting; (iii) 250 kg N ha(-1) split-applied at planting (1/2) and sidedress (1/2); (iv) 185 kg N ha(-1) split-applied at planting (1/3) and sidedress (2/3); (v) 125 kg N ha(-1) split-applied at planting (1/5) and sidedress (2/5,2/5); and (vi) 0 kg N ha(-1). At one site, N treatments were represented in each of two irrigation treatments: 1.0x (optimal) and 1.25x (125% optimal). Soil samples were collected in 30-cm increments at preplant and post-harvest to a 240-cm depth. Sand content exceeded 0.8 g g(-1) within the 240-cm soil profile at every site except one; and distinct textural transitions were present within the soil profile at four sites. Maximum grain yield was obtained with < 185 kg N ha(-1) at every site in both years. When less than average water was received at those sites with distinct textural transition (silt and clay to sand) in the upper soil profile, post-harvest soil NO3 for N rates > 180 kg N ha(-1) often exceeded 60 kg N ha(-1) within a 30-cm sampling depth. When these same sites received additional rainfall, post-harvest results indicated that NO3 had moved down the soil profile, past the textural transition, and perhaps beyond the 240-cm depth. For those sites with uniformly high sand content (0-240 cm), few differences in post-harvest NO3 could be attributed to the N treatments exceeding 185 kg N ha(-1). Nitrate had probably moved beyond 240 cm by the end of the growing season. Slight differences in site characteristics (e.g., textural boundaries) can greatly influence conclusions derived from post-harvest soil sampling regarding the risk of NO3 leaching. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gehl, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM gehlr@msu.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1922 EP 1931 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0330 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300012 ER PT J AU Penn, CJ Mullins, GL Zelazny, LW Sharpley, AN AF Penn, C. J. Mullins, G. L. Zelazny, L. W. Sharpley, A. N. TI Estimating dissolved phosphorus concentrations in runoff from three physiographic regions of Virginia SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; SATURATION; SORPTION; LOSSES; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHATE; DESORPTION; DEPENDENCE; MEHLICH-3 AB The relationship between STP (soil test P) and DRP (dissolved reactive P) in runoff has been shown to vary with soil type due to differences in soil properties. The purpose of this study was to determine if soil tests could indirectly take into account differences in soil properties and thus provide one relationship with STP and runoff DRP among a variety of soil types. Nine different soil types were sampled from four different fields to provide a range in STP Unamended soils were packed into runoff boxes for use in a rainfall simulation study. All soils were analyzed for P, Al, and Fe using various extractions, and correlated to runoff DRP concentrations from all soils when grouped based on soil type and physiographic region. Slopes and intercepts were unique to soil type for the STP vs. runoff DRP relationship among all soil P tests except for WSP (water-soluble P) slopes, resulting in an overall universal slope of 0.0125 mg DRP L-1, which agrees with past studies. The y intercepts from the soil WSP vs. runoff DRP relationship were well related to soil clay content (negative relationship) in addition to the fact that Coastal Plain soils had a significantly greater y intercept than Piedmont and Ridge and Valley soils when grouped by physiographic region. This suggests that Coastal Plain soils possess a greater potential for releasing DRP into runoff compared with Ridge and Valley and Piedmont soil at equivalent WSP values. This study provides a means with which to estimate potential runoff DRP concentrations by use of soil WSP and clay content. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, PSRMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Penn, CJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 367 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM chad.penn@okstate.edu NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1967 EP 1974 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0027 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300018 ER PT J AU Vaught, R Brye, KR Miller, DM AF Vaught, R. Brye, Kristofor R. Miller, D. M. TI Relationships among coefficient of linear extensibility and clay fractions in expansive, stoney soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MASONRY STRUCTURES; BULK-DENSITY; SHRINKAGE; COUNTY; INDEX AB An expansive soil is any soil that has a potential for shrinking and swelling under changing moisture conditions. Structural damage to homes (i.e., walls and foundations) due to expansive soils is costly to repair and may be somewhat avoidable if soil properties, such as clay content and the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), are investigated. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationships among COLE, clay fractions, and coarse-fragment content and determine the usefulness of COLE as an indicator of structural damage in expansive and stoney soils. Sixteen individual homeowner sites were selected for sampling in the Fayetteville area of Washington County, Arkansas based on a homeowner questionnaire and visual inspection. COLE was determined based on the rod method from the length change of a moist and oven-dry soil-paste rod (COLErod). Measured COLErod values were adjusted for coarse-fragment content (COLEadj) by multiplying COLErod by the volume fraction of fine-earth plus pores, yielding a 0.003 unit reduction (P < 0.001) in COLErod, but no change in hazard-class rating. COLErod was positively correlated (P < 0.001) with total (r = 0.88), coarse (r = 0.55), and medium plus fine (r = 0.79) clay fractions. However, COLErod adjustments for coarse-fragment content did not improve linear relationships between COLErod and clay fractions. The summation of soil profile COLErod values for a site was a reasonable predictor, while the average COLErod value for a site and COLEadj were poor predictors of home structural damage. Results demonstrate that COLErod is a reasonably reliable predictor of potential home structural damage. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, NRCS, Glenwood, AR 71943 USA. RP Brye, KR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kbrye@uark.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1983 EP 1990 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0054 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300020 ER PT J AU Ochsner, TE Stephens, BM Koskinen, WC Kookana, RS AF Ochsner, T. E. Stephens, B. M. Koskinen, W. C. Kookana, R. S. TI Sorption of a hydrophilic pesticide: Effects of soil water content SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIELD-MOIST SOILS; TRANSIENT FLOW METHOD; DESORPTION; WETTABILITY; ATRAZINE AB Transport of pesticide to groundwater is governed in part by sorption of the pesticide to soil particles. Sorption may be dependent on soil moisture conditions, but limited data are available from which to elucidate the effect. Our objective was to determine the effect of soil water content on the sorption coefficient of a hydrophilic pesticide. Sorption of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) was measured in three soils, each at two initial water contents. At low water contents (similar to 0.05 kg kg(-1)), sorption coefficients were similar for all three soils, ranging from 0.01 L kg(-1) for the loamy sand to 0.07 L kg(-1) for the silty clay loam. At higher water contents (0.19-0.24 kg kg(-1)), the sorption coefficient for the loamy sand was unchanged, for the silt loam it was doubled, and for the silty clay loam it was increased almost sixfold. Multiple regression analysis revealed a strong linear relationship between the sorption coefficient and the product of soil water content and organic C content (r(2) = 0.86). The number of dicamba sorption sites probably increases with soil organic C content, while the accessibility of these sites appears to increase with soil water content. This may be caused by the decreasing hydrophobicity of soil organic matter with increasing water content. The effects of water content on pesticide sorption require further research and may ultimately have implications for the methods used to determine sorption and for managing pesticide application. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. CSIRO, Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Ochsner, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ochsner@umn.edu RI Kookana, Rai/A-5170-2012 OI Kookana, Rai/0000-0002-0477-3284 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1991 EP 1997 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0091 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300021 ER PT J AU Williamson, TN Gessler, PE Shouse, PJ Graham, RC AF Williamson, Tanja N. Gessler, Paul E. Shouse, Peter J. Graham, Robert C. TI Pedogenesis-terrain links in zero-order watersheds after chaparral to grass vegetation conversion SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPE POSITION; SOIL-LANDSCAPE; 4 DECADES; ATTRIBUTES; SYSTEMS; DEPTH AB Four decades after conversion from chaparral to grass, zero-order watersheds were compared to identify differences in topography and its relation to soil characteristics. Three watersheds of each vegetation type were topographically mapped and sampled at random points for depth to weathered bedrock and soil water content. Stepwise regression was used to explain spatial variability in terms of terrain variables. In chaparral watersheds, convex slopes result in widespread infiltration and significantly higher storage of water on the slopes. Topography of watersheds converted to grass is more concave, resulting in higher upslope contributing areas. This favors water convergence in the subsurface and results in significantly lower soil water content in grass watersheds. In chaparral watersheds, upslope average slope gradient best explains variability in depth to weathered bedrock. In contrast, slope gradient best explains depth to weathered bedrock in grass watersheds, suggesting that the uniform plant distribution localizes erosional processes. Soil water content is explained by depth to weathered bedrock and slope aspect in both vegetation types; however, a positive relation with profile curvature is the third indicator in chaparral watersheds, compared with an inverse relation with upslope average slope gradient in grass watersheds. The result is that grass watersheds drain water downslope, creating similar processes and forms in watersheds of various sizes. For both depth to weathered bedrock and soil water content, prediction using the regression models is only successful in grass watersheds. Thus terrain variables may be ineffective predictors of soil characteristics in shrublands where a dense canopy hides a nonuniform erosional environment. C1 Univ Pacific, Dept Geosci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Dept Geosci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. EM twilliam@pacific.edu NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 2065 EP 2074 DI 10.2136/sssaj.2003.0316 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300029 ER PT J AU Scharf, PC Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Davis, JG AF Scharf, Peter C. Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Davis, J. Glenn TI Spatially variable corn yield is a weak predictor of optimal nitrogen rate SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; WHEAT; SOIL AB Historically, a mass-balance approach (yield goal times a factor) has been the dominant method for making N fertilizer rate recommendations. Although several states have moved away from the mass-balance approach for N rate recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.), much of the effort that has gone into variable-rate N research has focused on combining spatial yield predictions with a mass-balance approach. Our objectives were to evaluate, at field scale, the relationship between spatially variable yield levels and economically optimal N fertilizer rates (EONR) and to evaluate the performance of yield-based N rate recommendations. Eight experiments were conducted in three major soil areas (Mississippi delta alluvial, deep loess, claypan) over 3 yr. Treatments were field-length strips of discrete N rates from 0 to 280 kg N ha(-1). Yield data were partitioned into 20-m increments and a quadratic-plateau function was used to describe yield response to N rate for each 20-m yield cell. The EONR varied much more widely than did plateau yield. Yield level explained on average only 15% of the variability in EONR. Averaged over the eight fields, variable application of mass-balance-based N rates based on actual yields would have increased yield by only 31 kg ha(-1), and profit by $2 ha(-1), relative to uniform mass-balance N rates based on field average yields. In comparison, variable-rate application of EONR would have increased profit by an average of $38 ha(-1). Of this, $14 ha(-1) could have been obtained by uniform application of the median optimal N rate for each field. We conclude that although we observed considerable spatial variability in optimal N rates, this was due mainly to variations in soil N supply and N uptake efficiency, rather than to variations in crop demand for N. Yield variability appears to be at best a small part of the information that must be used to make successful variable-rate N recommendations for corn. C1 Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, NRCS, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Scharf, PC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM scharfp@missouri.edu NR 23 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 2154 EP 2160 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0244 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105NV UT WOS:000242038300038 ER PT J AU Conn, JS AF Conn, Jeffery S. TI Weed seed bank affected by tillage intensity for barley in Alaska SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE subarctic; seed bank; tillage ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; UNDISTURBED SOIL; CROP-ROTATION; CORN; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; VEGETATION; EMERGENCE; VIABILITY; SEEDBANKS AB The weed seed bank of a long-term tillage study in subarctic Alaska was studied at the end of 10 years of continuous spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Tillage treatments were: no-till, disked once (spring), disked twice (spring and fall), and chisel plow (fall). Soil cores were obtained from each tillage treatment and seeds were manually separated from soil after washing through sieves. Tillage treatment had a significant effect on seed density of shepherds purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.), cinquefoil (Potentilla norvegica L.), foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), and on total seed density. Seed density was higher for these species and total seed density was greater under no-till than under other tillage treatments. Seed density was higher near the soil surface under no-till and chisel plow treatments than under disked treatments, which helps explain the greater difficulty of controlling weeds under reduced tillage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, 319 ONeil Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffjsc1@uaf.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.08.014 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086SS UT WOS:000240693900016 ER PT J AU Waddell, JT Weil, RR AF Waddell, J. T. Weil, R. R. TI Effects of fertilizer placement on solute leaching under ridge tillage and no tillage SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ridge tillage; no tillage; fertilizer placement; bromide tracer; nitrate leaching ID NITRATE MOVEMENT; SOIL NITRATE; CORN; WATER; NITROGEN; BROMIDE; SYSTEM; GROUNDWATER; LANDSCAPE AB Elevated nitrate concentrations in ground water can be a problem in agricultural areas, especially where soils are sandy. Tillage operations, such as ridge tillage (RT) and no tillage (NT) can reduce runoff and erosion but leaching of soluble nutrients could adversely impact groundwater. In a 2-year study, Br was used to trace the effects of fertilizer placement on solute movement under corn (Zea mays L.) in RT and NT systems on a Monmouth fine sandy loam (Typic Hapludult) in Maryland. Treatments included 120 kg ha(-1) of Br- or NO3--N applied in a narrow band near the ridge top (RT-RA) or in the furrow (RT-FA) with ridge tillage, or in the inter-row with NT. Two-dimensional arrays of tensiometers and suction lysimeters were used to follow the movement of water and solutes during and after the corn-growing season. Tillage and fertilizer placement did not significantly affect N uptake when averaged across years. A pronounced argillic horizon beginning at 60 cm depth caused lateral movement of Br. It appears that Br leaching in RT-RA increased slightly due to the crop canopy funneling rain towards the ridge top. Therefore, when fertilizer is applied near the row, rain occurring after full corn canopy may cause greater solute leaching in RT-RA compared to other treatments. Rain during the beginning of the growing season or after harvest caused less leaching in RT-RA. Corn yield could be maximized and N leaching minimized by applying fertilizer to the upper portion of the ridge in RT. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Waddell, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jwaddell@sidney.ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.09.002 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086SS UT WOS:000240693900020 ER PT J AU Bauer, PJ Frederick, JR Novak, JM Hunt, PG AF Bauer, Philip J. Frederick, James R. Novak, Jeff M. Hunt, Patrick G. TI Soil CO2 flux from a norfolk loamy sand after 25 years of conventional and conservation tillage SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil carbon dioxide flux; soil C; long-term conservation tillage; soil water ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-LOSS; RESIDUE; RESPIRATION; IMPLEMENT; EFFLUX; WHEAT AB Tillage affects the ability of coarse-textured soils of the southeastern USA to sequester C. Our objectives were to compare tillage methods for soil CO2 flux, and determine if chemical or physical properties after 25 years of conventional or conservation tillage correlated with flux rates. Data were collected for several weeks during June and July in 2003, October and November in 2003, and April to July in 2004 from a tillage study established in 1978 on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults). Conventional tillage consisted of disking to a depth of approximately 15 cm followed by smoothing with an S-tined harrow equipped with rolling baskets. Conservation tillage consisted of direct seeding into surface residues. Flux rates in conservation tillage averaged 0.84 g CO2 m(-2) h(-1) in Summer 2003, 0.36 g CO2 m(-2) h(-1) in Fall 2003, 0.46 g CO2 m(-2) h(-1) in Spring 2004, and 0.86 g CO2 m(-2) h(-1) in Summer 2004. Flux rates from conventional tillage were greater for most measurement times. Conversely, water content of the surface soil layer (6.5 cm) was almost always higher with conservation tillage. Soil CO2 flux was highly correlated with soil water content only in conventional tillage. In conservation tillage, no significant correlations occurred between soil CO2 flux and soil N, C, C:N ratio, pH, bulk density, sand fraction, or clay fraction of the surface 7.5 cm. In conventional tillage, sand fraction was positively correlated, while bulk density and clay fraction were negatively correlated with soil CO2 flux rate, but only when the soil was moist. Long-term conservation tillage management resulted in more uniform within- and across-season soil CO2 flux rates that were less affected by precipitation events. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM bauer@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.09.003 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086SS UT WOS:000240693900021 ER PT J AU Cullum, RF Knight, SS Cooper, CM Smith, S AF Cullum, R. F. Knight, S. S. Cooper, C. M. Smith, S. TI Combined effects of best management practices on water quality in oxbow lakes from agricultural watersheds SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE best management practices; suspended sediments; chlorophyll; water quality; TMDL; oxbow lakes AB Water quality conditions in three oxbow lakes were examined before and after best management practices (BMPs) implementation within the Mississippi Delta. Experimental design called for the development of structural and cultural treatments to reduce sediment and associated pollutants entering watershed oxbow lakes. Three watersheds were selected and developed with different levels of BMPs. Changes in lake water quality were used as measures of management success. Analyses of water quality data prior to the implementation of BMPs suggested the lakes were stressed and ecologically damaged due to excessive sediment inflow. Significant improvements in water quality were observed with the use of cultural and structural BMPs. Sediments decreased 34-59%, while Secchi visibility and chlorophyll generally increased. The most dramatic improvements in water quality occurred in the two watersheds that featured cultural practices and combinations of cultural and structural practices. Reducing suspended sediment concentrations in these oxbow lakes favored phytoplankton production resulting in increased chlorophyll concentrations and higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Cultural BMPs, more so than structural BMPs, play a vital role in improving lake water quality, and are needed in addition to structural measures to ensure improved water quality in oxbow takes receiving agricultural runoff. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cullum, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM bcullum@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.09.004 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086SS UT WOS:000240693900022 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL Glitzenstein, J Naeher, LP AF Achtemeier, Gary L. Glitzenstein, Jeff Naeher, Luke P. TI Measurements of smoke from chipped and unchipped plots SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE smoke modeling; particulate matter; prescribed fire; carbon monoxide; particulate matter AB Smoke data were collected from two instrumented plots located on the Francis Marion National Forest in South Carolina during prescribed burns on Feb. 12, 2003. One of the plots had been subjected to mechanical chipping. Particulate matter (PM(2.5)) data analyzed by gravimetric methods were collected at nine locations on the downwind sides of each plot. In addition, samplers were hung atop similar to 9-m poles at four interior positions within each plot. Perimeter 12-hour PM(2.5) concentrations in the burn-only plot were significantly higher than those at the chip-burn plot. Similarly, interior 8-hour PM(2.5) concentrations in the burn-only plot were moderately higher than those at the chip-burn plot. When possible cross-contamination was detected at a check site midway between the two plots, we used PB-Piedmont, a smoke model for predicting ground-level smoke movement at night. The modeled smoke, verified by smoke observed at the check site, indicated winds blowing 75 degrees off from winds observed at the Charleston Airport, approximately 50 km southwest of the experimental site. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gachtemeier@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 30 IS 4 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 108YQ UT WOS:000242275500001 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Jane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Jane, Jay-lin Inglett, George E. TI Physicochemical properties of pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.) acorn starch SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE acorn; Quercus; pin oak; starch structure; starch function; amylose; amylopectin ID BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MAIZE STARCH; GELATINIZATION; AMYLOPECTIN; WAXY; RETROGRADATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BARLEY; SIZE AB Physicochemical properties of acorn (Quercus palustris) starch were studied. Acorn starch granules were spherical or ovoid, with diameters ranging from 3-17 mu m. Acorn starch exhibited A-type X-ray diffraction pattern, an apparent amylose content of 43.4% and absolute amylose content of 31.4%. Relative to other A-type starches, acorn amylopectin had a comparable weight-average molar mass (3.9 x 10(8) g/mol), gyration radius (288 nm) and density (16.3 g mol(-1)nm(-3)). Average amylopectin branch chain-length corresponded to DP 25.5. Onset gelatinization temperature was 65.0 degrees C and peak gelatinization temperature was considerably higher (73.7 degrees C). The enthalpy change of gelatinization was very high compared to non-mutant starches (20.8 J/g). An amylose-lipid thermal transition was not observed. Starch retrograded for 7 d at 4 degrees C had very high peak melting temperature (54.2 degrees C) relative to other A-type starches. Final (260 RVU) and setback (138 RVU) viscosity of an 8% acorn starch paste was high relative to other starches and pasting temperature was 71.5 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevensond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 55 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 11 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1002/star.200600533 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 110NS UT WOS:000242386200001 ER PT J AU Matross, DM Andrews, A Pathmathevan, M Gerbig, C Lin, JC Wofsy, SC Daube, BC Gottlieb, EW Chow, VY Lee, JT Zhao, CL Bakwin, PS Munger, JW Hollinger, DY AF Matross, Daniel M. Andrews, Arlyn Pathmathevan, Mahadevan Gerbig, Christoph Lin, John C. Wofsy, Steven C. Daube, Bruce C. Gottlieb, Elaine W. Chow, Victoria Y. Lee, John T. Zhao, Conglong Bakwin, Peter S. Munger, J. William Hollinger, David Y. TI Estimating regional carbon exchange in New England and Quebec by combining atmospheric, ground-based and satellite data SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID TRANSPORT; DIOXIDE; MODEL; CLIMATE; FLUXES; CO2; INVERSIONS; VEGETATION; IMAGES; SINKS AB We derive regional-scale (similar to 10(4) km(2)) CO2 flux estimates for summer 2004 in the northeast United States and southern Quebec by assimilating extensive data into a receptor-oriented model-data fusion framework. Surface fluxes are specified using the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM), a simple, readily optimized biosphere model driven by satellite data, AmeriFlux eddy covariance measurements and meteorological fields. The surface flux model is coupled to a Lagrangian atmospheric adjoint model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport Model (STILT) that links point observations to upwind sources with high spatiotemporal resolution. Analysis of CO2 concentration data from the NOAA-ESRL tall tower at Argyle, ME and from extensive aircraft surveys, shows that the STILT-VPRM framework successfully links model flux fields to regionally representative atmospheric CO2 data, providing a bridge between 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' methods for estimating regional CO2 budgets on timescales from hourly to monthly. The surface flux model, with initial calibration to eddy covariance data, produces an excellent a priori condition for inversion studies constrained by atmospheric concentration data. Exploratory optimization studies show that data from several sites in a region are needed to constrain model parameters for all major vegetation types, because the atmosphere commingles the influence of regional vegetation types, and even high-resolution meteorological analysis cannot disentangle the associated contributions. Airborne data are critical to help define uncertainty within the optimization framework, showing for example, that in summertime CO2 concentration at Argyle (107 m) is similar to 0.6 ppm lower than the mean in the planetary boundary layer. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3GL, Canada. Univ Maine, Environm Phys Grp, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Matross, DM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM matross@fas.harvard.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 31 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 344 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00206.x PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500004 ER PT J AU Turner, DP Ritts, WD Styles, JM Yang, Z Cohen, WB Law, BE Thornton, PE AF Turner, D. P. Ritts, W. D. Styles, J. M. Yang, Z. Cohen, W. B. Law, B. E. Thornton, P. E. TI A diagnostic carbon flux model to monitor the effects of disturbance and interannual variation in climate on regional NEP SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Carbon Dioxide Conference (CO2) CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP NOAA ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; WESTERN OREGON; PONDEROSA PINE; UNITED-STATES; CO2 FLUXES; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; TERRESTRIAL GROSS AB Net ecosystem production (NEP) was estimated over a 10.9 x 10(4) km(2) forested region in western Oregon USA for 2 yr (2002-2003) using a combination of remote sensing, distributed meteorological data, and a carbon cycle model (CFLUX). High spatial resolution satellite data (Landsat, 30 m) provided information on land cover and the disturbance regime. Coarser resolution satellite imagery (MODIS, 1 km) provided estimates of vegetation absorption of photosynthetically active radiation. A spatially distributed (1 km) daily time step meteorology was generated for model input by interpolation of meteorological station data. The model employed a light use efficiency approach for photosynthesis. It was run over a 1 km grid. This approach captured spatial patterns in NEP associated with climatic gradients, ecoregional differences in NEP generated by different management histories, temporal variation in NEP associated with interannual variation in climate and changes in NEP associated with recovery from disturbances such as the large forest fire in southern Oregon in 2002. Regional NEP averaged 174 gC m(-2) yr(-1) in 2002 and 142 gC m(-2) yr(-1) in 2003. A diagnostic modelling approach of this type can provide independent estimates of regional NEP for comparison with results of inversion or boundary layer budget approaches. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Turner, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.turner@oregonstate.edu RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 67 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 476 EP 490 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00221.x PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095ZT UT WOS:000241347500014 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Chen, Y Sun, L AF Parikh, D. V. Chen, Y. Sun, L. TI Reducing automotive interior noise with natural fiber nonwoven floor covering systems SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE natural fiber nonwovens; environmentally benign; biodegradable; floor covering; underpad; auto interiors; acoustical absorption coefficient AB Eliminating unwanted noise in passenger compartments of vehicles is important to automobile manufacturers. The ability to reduce noise inside the vehicle enhances the perceived value of the vehicle to the consumer, and offers a competitive advantage to the manufacturer. Several methods are presently employed to reduce noise and its sources, one of which uses sound-absorbing materials attached to various components such as floor-coverings, package trays, door panels, headliners and trunk liners. Natural fibers are noise-absorbing materials that are renewable and biodegradable, making them an effective choice for the automobile industry. Floor coverings using natural fibers (kenaf, jute, waste cotton, and flax) in blends with polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) were developed as carded needle-punched nonwovens. The acoustical absorption coefficients of these floor coverings, and of floor coverings in combination with an underpad (either a rebonded polyurethane foam, or a soft cotton nonwoven) were evaluated by ASTM E-1050 in the frequency range of 100 to 3200 Hz. By stacking an underpad and a floor covering together, a floor covering system was created. The measurements demonstrated that each of the natural fiber-based nonwoven floor coverings contributed to noise reduction, e.g., coefficients = 0.54-0.81 at 3.2 kHz. Noise was significantly reduced with a floor covering system using either of the underpads. The most reduction occurred with a polyurethane pad; for example, for kenaf floor covering C20-1. the coefficients at 3.2 kHz were: 1.0 with polyurethane versus 0.81 with cotton pad. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA USA. EM parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 28 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 11 BP 813 EP 820 DI 10.1177/0040517506063393 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 177DL UT WOS:000247133700002 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, N Curley, J Warnke, S Casler, MD Jung, G AF Chakraborty, N. Curley, J. Warnke, S. Casler, M. D. Jung, G. TI Mapping QTL for dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERLYING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; SCLEROTINIA-HOMOEOCARPA; RICE; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; LOCI; POPULATION; CULTIVARS; TURFGRASS; RYEGRASS AB Dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F. T. Bennett is the most economically important turf disease on golf courses in North America. Dollar spot resistance in a creeping bentgrass cultivar would greatly reduce the frequency, costs, and environmental impacts of fungicide application. Little work has been done to understand the genetics of resistance to dollar spot in creeping bentgrass. Therefore, QTL analysis was used to determine the location, number and effects of genomic regions associated with dollar spot resistance in the field. To meet this objective, field inoculations using a single isolate were performed over 2 years and multiple locations using progeny of a full sib mapping population '549 x 372'. Dollar spot resistance seems to be inherited quantitatively and broad sense heritability for resistance was estimated to be 0.88. We have detected one QTL with large effect on linkage group 7.1 with LOD values ranging from 3.4 to 8.6 and explaining 14-36% of the phenotypic variance. Several smaller effect QTL specific to rating dates, locations and years were also detected. The association of the tightly linked markers with the LG 7.1 QTL based on 106 progeny was further examined by single marker analysis on all 697 progeny. The high significance of the QTL on LG 7.1 at a sample size of 697 (P < 0.0001), along with its consistency across locations, years and ratings dates, indicated that it was stable over environments. Markers tightly linked to the QTL can be utilized for marker-assisted selection in future bentgrass breeding programs. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Jung, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jung@psis.umass.edu NR 32 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1421 EP 1435 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0387-y PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 102GC UT WOS:000241798000004 PM 16969681 ER PT J AU Saha, MC Cooper, JD Mian, MAR Chekhovskiy, K May, GD AF Saha, Malay C. Cooper, John D. Mian, M. A. Rouf Chekhovskiy, Konstantin May, Gregory D. TI Tall fescue genomic SSR markers: development and transferability across multiple grass species SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MICROSATELLITE SEQUENCES; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; RICE; WHEAT; AMPLIFICATION; BARLEY; MAIZE; LOCI AB Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are highly informative and widely used for genetic and breeding studies. Currently, a very limited number of SSR markers are available for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and other forage grass species. A tall fescue genomic library enriched in (GA/CT) (n) repeats was used to develop primer pairs (PPs) flanking SSRs and assess PP functionality across different forage, cereal, and turf grass species. A total of 511 PPs were developed and assessed for their utility in six different grass species. The parents and a subset of a tall fescue mapping population were used to select PPs for mapping in tall fescue. Survey results revealed that 48% (in rice) to 66% (in tall fescue) of the PPs produced clean SSR-type amplification products in different grass species. Polymorphism rates were higher in tall fescue (68%) compared to other species (46% ryegrass, 39% wheat, and 34% rice). A set of 194 SSR loci (38%) were identified which amplified across all six species. Loci segregating in the tall fescue mapping population were grouped as loci segregating from the female parent (HD28-56, 37%), the male parent (R43-64, 37%), and both parents (26%). Three percent of the loci that were polymorphic between parents were monomorphic in the pseudo F1 mapping population and the remaining loci segregated. Sequencing of amplified products obtained from PP NFFAG428 revealed a very high level of sequence similarity among the grass species under study. Our results are the first report of genomic SSR marker development from tall fescue and they demonstrate the usefulness of these SSRs for genetic linkage mapping in tall fescue and cross-species amplification. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Saha, MC (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM mcsaha@noble.org NR 46 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1449 EP 1458 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0391-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 102GC UT WOS:000241798000006 PM 16947059 ER PT J AU Zhao, HX Liu, XM Chen, MS AF Zhao, H. X. Liu, X. M. Chen, M. -S. TI H22, a major resistance gene to the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor), is mapped to the distal region of wheat chromosome 1DS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BREAD WHEAT; D-GENOME; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; LINKAGE MAP; LOCI AB H22 is a major resistance gene conferring high-level of antibiosis to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] larvae. It was previously assigned to wheat chromosome 1D through monosomic analysis (Raupp et al. in J Hered 84:142-145, 1993). The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection for wheat breeding, and to further map this gene toward map-based cloning. Forty-five simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-tagged site (STS) markers specific to chromosome 1D were evaluated for linkage to H22 using a segregating population consisting of 192 F-2:3 families, which were derived from the cross Tugela-Dn1 x KS85WGRC01(H22). The STS Xhor2kv and SSR Xgdm33 are two flanking markers that are tightly linked to H22 at genetic distances of 0.3 and 1.0 cM, respectively. Five other SSR markers including Xgpw7082, Xwmc147, Xcfd15, Xwmc432 and Xwmc336 were also linked to H22 at the distance from 0.8 to 20.8 cM. Analysis of Chinese Spring (CS) deletion lines revealed that all the H22-linked markers are located distal to the breakpoint of del 1DS-5, indicating that the H22 gene is located at the distal 30% region on the short arm of wheat chromosome 1D. Genomic comparison suggested that the H22 gene is located in the same or similar chromosomal region as the leaf rust resistance genes Lr21 and Lr40 on 1DS, and orthologous to the H9 gene cluster of 1AS. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mchen@ksu.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1491 EP 1496 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0396-x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 102GC UT WOS:000241798000010 PM 16972061 ER PT J AU Miranda, LM Murphy, JP Marshall, D Leath, S AF Miranda, L. M. Murphy, J. P. Marshall, D. Leath, S. TI Pm34: a new powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from Aegilops tauschii Coss. to common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; GERMPLASM RESISTANT; BREAD WHEAT; REGISTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; GENOME; ASSIGNMENT; CULTIVARS AB Powdery mildew is a major fungal disease in wheat growing areas worldwide. A novel source of resistance to wheat powdery mildew present in the germplasm line NC97BGTD7 was genetically characterized as a monogenic trait in greenhouse and field trials using F-2 derived lines from a NC97BGTD7 X Saluda cross. Microsatellite markers were used to map and tag this resistance gene, now designated Pm34. Three co-dominant microsatellite markers linked to Pm34 were identified and their most likely order was established as: Xbarc177-5D, 5.4cM, Pm34, 2.6cM, Xbarc144-5D, 14cM, Xgwm272-5D. These microsatellite markers were previously mapped to the long arm of the 5D chromosome and their positions were confirmed using Chinese Spring nullitetrasomic Nulli5D-tetra5A and ditelosomic Dt5DL lines. Pm2, the only other known Pm gene on chromosome 5D, has been mapped to the short arm and its specificity is different from that of Pm34. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paul_murphy@ncsu.edu; david_marshall@ncsu.edu; steven_leath@ncsu.edu NR 48 TC 56 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1497 EP 1504 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0397-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 102GC UT WOS:000241798000011 PM 16953419 ER PT J AU Shen, XL Van Becelaere, G Kumar, P Davis, RF May, OL Chee, P AF Shen, Xinlian Van Becelaere, Guillermo Kumar, Pawan Davis, Richard F. May, O. Lloyd Chee, Peng TI QTL mapping for resistance to root-knot nematodes in the M-120 RNR Upland cotton line (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of the Auburn 623 RNR source SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EST-DERIVED MICROSATELLITES; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; RFLP MAP; BARBADENSE; MARKERS; GENOME; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION AB Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) can cause severe yield loss in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance and genomic location of genes conferring root-knot nematode resistance in M-120 RNR, a highly resistant G. hirsutum line with the Auburn 623 RNR source of resistance. Utilizing two interspecific F-2 populations developed from the same M-120 RNR by Gossypium barbadense (cv. Pima S-6) cross, genome-wide scanning with RFLP markers revealed a marker on Chromosome 7 and two on Chromosome 11 showing significant association with the resistant phenotype. The association was confirmed using SSR markers with the detection of a minor and a major dominant QTL on Chromosome 7 and 11, respectively. Combined across the two populations, the major QTL on Chromosome 11 Mi-C11 had a LOD score of 19.21 (9.69 and 9.61 for Pop1 and Pop2, respectively) and accounted for 63.7% (52.6 and 65.56% for Pop1 and Pop2, respectively) of the total phenotypic variation. The minor QTL locus on Chromosome 7 Mi (1) -C07 had a LOD score of 3.48 and accounted for 7.7% of the total phenotypic variation in the combined dataset but was detected in only one population. The allele from the M-120 RNR parent contributed to increased resistance in the Mi-C11 locus, but surprisingly, the Pima S-6 allele contributed to increased resistance in the Mi-C07 locus. The M-120 RNR allele in the Mi-C11 locus, derived from the Auburn 623 RNR, is likely to have originated from the Clevewilt 6 cultivar. Results from this study indicated that the SSR marker CIR316 may replace the laborious greenhouse screening in breeding programs to identify genotypes resistant to M. incognita. C1 Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Chee, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pwchee@uga.edu NR 42 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1539 EP 1549 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0401-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 102GC UT WOS:000241798000015 PM 16960714 ER PT J AU Martin, JM Meyer, FD Smidansky, ED Wanjugi, H Blechl, AE Giroux, MJ AF Martin, J. M. Meyer, F. D. Smidansky, E. D. Wanjugi, H. Blechl, A. E. Giroux, M. J. TI Complementation of the pina (null) allele with the wild type Pina sequence restores a soft phenotype in transgenic wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; PUROINDOLINE GENES; KERNEL HARDNESS; STARCH; EXPRESSION; FRIABILIN; PROTEINS; LINKAGE; MARKERS; SURFACE AB The tightly linked puroindoline genes, Pina and Pinb, control grain texture in wheat, with wild type forms of both giving soft, and a sequence alteration affecting protein expression or function in either giving rise to hard wheat. Previous experiments have shown that addition of wild type Pina in the presence of mutated Pinb gave intermediate grain texture but addition of wild type Pinb gave soft grain. This raises questions as to whether Pina may be less functional than Pinb. Our goal here was to develop and characterize wheat lines expressing the wild type Pina-D1a sequence in hard wheat with the null mutation (Pina-D1b) for Pina. Three transgenic lines plus Bobwhite were evaluated in two environments. Grain texture, grain protein, and kernel weight were determined for the transgenic lines and Bobwhite. The three transgenic lines had soft phenotype, and none of the transgenic lines differed from Bobwhite for grain protein or kernel weight. The soft phenotype was accompanied by increases in Pina transcript accumulation. Total Triton X-114 extractable PINA and PINB increased from 2.5 to 5.5 times those from a soft wheat reference sample, and friabilin, PINA and PINB bound to starch, increased from 3.8 to 7.8 times those of the soft wheat reference. Bobwhite showed no starch bound PINA, but transgenic lines had levels from 5.3 to 13.7 times those of the soft wheat reference sample. Starch bound PINB in transgenic lines also increased from 0.9 to 2.5 times that for the soft wheat reference sample. The transgenic expression of wild type Pina sequence in the Pina null genotype gave soft grain with the characteristics of soft wheat including increased starch bound friabilin. The results support the hypothesis that both wild type Pin genes need to be present for friabilin formation and soft grain. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Martin, JM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jmmartin@montana.edu RI Giroux, Michael/F-4413-2010 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1563 EP 1570 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0404-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 102GC UT WOS:000241798000017 PM 16988815 ER PT J AU Nedambale, TL Du, F Xu, J Chaubal, SA Dinnyes, A Groen, W Faber, D Dobrinsky, JR Yang, X Tian, XC AF Nedambale, T. L. Du, F. Xu, J. Chaubal, S. A. Dinnyes, A. Groen, W. Faber, D. Dobrinsky, J. R. Yang, X. Tian, X. C. TI Prolonging bovine sperm-oocyte incubation in modified medium 199 improves embryo development rate and the viability of vitrified blastocysts SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fertilization; IVF-M199; BO; vitrification; bovine ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; PROTEIN-FREE MEDIUM; ACROSOME REACTION; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; SPERMATOZOA INVITRO; SERUM-FREE; SWIM-UP; CULTURE; CAPACITATION; MOUSE AB This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of four in vitro fertilization (IVF) media: Bracket and Oliphant's medium (BO), modified medium 199 (IVF-MI99), modified Tyrode's medium (MTM), and modified KSOM (m-KSOM) on fertilization efficiency and blastocyst formation rate. In addition, we wanted to investigate the benefit of prolonging the IVF period (from 6 to 18 h) using the two most effective IVF media determined in our initial experiment; subsequently, blastocyst viability was assessed following vitrification. A higher incidence of polyspermic fertilization was observed in the MTM (6%) and in BO, in both the 6 and 18 h (7% and 11%, respectively) groups, than in the m-KSOM (1%) or in the IVF-M199 6 or 18 h (1 and 3%, respectively) groups. Cleavage rates were similar in BO, IVF-M199, and MTM 48 h post-fertilization; however, the lowest cleavage rate was observed for m-KSOM. A greater proportion of zygotes developed into 8-cell embryos in IVF-M199 than in other IVF media. Subsequently, a greater proportion of blastocyst formation and hatching was achieved in IVF-M199 (40% and 79%, respectively) or BO (35% and 74%, respectively) than in m-KSOM (18% and 58%, respectively) or MTM (22% and 66%, respectively). Prolonging IVF to 18 h did not alter cleavage rates; however, the highest rate of overall blastocyst formation was achieved in the IVF-M199 18 h (49%), rather than in the BO 18 h (20%) group. Vitrified/thawed blastocysts from IVF-M199 groups re-expanded and developed better, as compared to the BO 18 h group, and hatching rate and total cell number in IVF-M199 18 h group was comparable to the control groups (non-vitrified). Vitrification reduced survival compared to controls. In conclusion, IVF-M199 was successfully used for IVF, compared favorably to BO medium, and offered the advantage of an extended IVF period for up to 18 h that requires only one-half a dose of semen, and resulted in better quality blastocysts that endured vitrification with a hatching rate comparable to that of control groups. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Regenerat Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Evergen Biotechnol Inc, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Agr Res Council, Livestock Business Div, ZA-0062 Irene, South Africa. Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Appl Anim Genet & Biotechnol, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. Szent Istvan Univ, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Dept Anim Biol, H-2100 Godollo, Hungary. USDA, ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tian, XC (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Regenerat Biol, 1392 Storrs Rd,U-4243, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM xiuchun.tian@uconn.edu OI Dinnyes, Andras/0000-0003-3791-2583 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1951 EP 1960 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.044 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 098TY UT WOS:000241546900016 PM 16787658 ER PT J AU Staskal, DF Hakk, H Bauer, D Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS AF Staskal, Daniele F. Hakk, Heldur Bauer, Daniel Diliberto, Janet J. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Toxicokinetics of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners 47, 99, 100, and 153 in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE brominated flame retardant (BFR); toxicokinetics; polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; METHYLSULFONYL METABOLITE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; TISSUE DISPOSITION; THYROID-HORMONE; PBDE MIXTURE AB The congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human and wildlife samples are dominated by brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154, all of which are components of the commercial pentaBDE mixtures commonly used in a variety of flammable consumer products. Very little information is available on the toxicokinetics of these congeners and no studies are available directly comparing these BDE congeners in mice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of BDEs 47, 99, 100 and 153. Female C57BL/6 mice were administered a single dose of BDE (1 mg/kg: 2.1, 1.9, 1.9, and 1.8 mu mol/kg, respectively) intravenously. Excretion was monitored daily, and terminal tissue disposition was examined 5 days following exposure. All BDE congeners in this study distribute with similar patterns into lipophilic tissues; however, tissue concentrations 5 days following exposure were much higher for BDE-153 than for 100, 99, and 47, respectively. Excretion rates were inversely related to tissue concentrations as BDE-47 was the most rapidly excreted congener, followed by BDE-99, -100, and -153. Differences in tissue concentrations were largely driven by congener-specific urinary elimination rates which were associated with protein binding in the urine. While the overall rate of metabolism appeared to be low, analysis of metabolites in daily feces samples revealed that BDE-99 was the most rapidly metabolized congener in this study. The results of this study demonstrate that congener substitution plays a role in the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of PBDEs in mice and it is therefore important to consider the differential toxicokinetic parameters associated with each congener when assessing the risk to human health from these PBDE congeners. C1 US EPA, UNC Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Staskal, DF (reprint author), ChemRisk, 3420 Execut Ctr Dr,Suite 114, Austin, TX 78731 USA. EM dstaskal@chemrisk.com NR 37 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 41 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl091 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 092KL UT WOS:000241095300004 PM 16936226 ER PT J AU Ebersole, JL Wigington, PJ Baker, JP Cairns, MA Church, MR Hansen, BP Miller, BA LaVigne, HR Compton, JE Leibowitz, SG AF Ebersole, Joseph L. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Baker, Joan P. Cairns, Michael A. Church, M. Robbins Hansen, Bruce P. Miller, Bruce A. LaVigne, Henry R. Compton, Jana E. Leibowitz, Scott G. TI Juvenile coho salmon growth and survival across stream network seasonal habitats SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FRESH-WATER; POPULATION VIABILITY; OVERWINTER SURVIVAL; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; MARINE SUBSIDIES; CARNATION CREEK AB Understanding watershed-scale variation in juvenile salmonid survival and growth can provide insights into factors influencing demographics and can help target restoration and mitigation efforts for imperiled fish populations. We assessed growth, movement, and apparent overwinter survival of individually tagged juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in a coastal Oregon watershed from June 2002 to June 2003 and related growth and survival parameters to stream characteristics. Fall body size of juvenile coho salmon was a good predictor of smolt size and survival, but smolt size was also influenced by overwintering location. This was due to strong spatial patterns in winter growth rates associated with residency and movement into a small intermittent tributary. Though nearly dry in midsummer, this stream supported high densities of spawning coho salmon in the fall, and juveniles rearing there exhibited relatively high growth rates and emigrated as larger smolts. Improved winter growth and survival of juvenile coho salmon utilizing tributary habitats underscore the importance of maintaining connectivity between seasonal habitats and providing a diversity of sheltering and foraging opportunities, particularly where main-stem habitats have been simplified by human land uses. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. Dynam Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ebersole, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM ebersole.joe@epa.gov NR 76 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1681 EP 1697 DI 10.1577/T05-144.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 124CT UT WOS:000243345500022 ER PT J AU Conroy, WJ Hotchkiss, RH Elliot, WJ AF Conroy, W. J. Hotchkiss, R. H. Elliot, W. J. TI A coupled upland-erosion and instream hydrodynamic-sediment transport model for evaluating sediment transport in forested watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE erosion modeling; hydrodynamic modeling; watershed models; TMDLs; CCHE1D; WEPP ID CAPACITY; CHANNELS AB This article describes a prototype modeling system for assessing forest management-related erosion at its source and predicting sediment transport from hillslopes to stream channels and through channel networks to a watershed outlet. We demonstrate that it is possible to develop a land management tool capable of accurately assessing the primary impacts of spatiotemporally varied forest management practices on sediment yield and delivery at hillslope to watershed scales in a single simulation. The modeling system consists of four components: (1) the TOpographic ParameteriZation (TOPAZ) model for discretizing hillslope and channel elements, (2) the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model for evaluating hillslope-scale surface erosion processes, (3) the National Center for Computational Hydrodynamics and Engineering's one-dimensional (CCHEID) hydrodynamic-sediment transport model, and (4) an interface program to manage relational databases and data transfer between moduies. The coupled models were calibrated and validated with observed flow and sediment load data from the North Fork Caspar Creek Experimental Watershed in coastal northern California. The coupled models' predictions of peak flow rate and total flow volume were not significantly different from observed values. Predicted sediment concentrations were significantly different from observed values, but within typical ranges for sediment transport equations. We recommend that the WEPP model be improved to allow access to sub-daily time scale results so that it can be better integrated with other watershed models. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Forest Serv, Manila, Philippines. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Hotchkiss, RH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 368 Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM rhh@byu.edu NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1713 EP 1722 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 133CY UT WOS:000243990400006 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Garbrecht, JD AF Schneider, J. M. Garbrecht, J. D. TI Dependability and effectiveness of seasonal forecasts for agricultural applications SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE agricultural management; average air temperature; climate; climatology; decision support; forecast; precipitation; seasonal ID CLIMATE PREDICTION AB NOAA's Climate Prediction Center issues seasonal climate forecasts predicting total precipitation and average air temperature for three-month periods out to a year in advance. The utility of these seasonal forecasts for agricultural applications will depend on forecast characteristics, including dependability and effectiveness. Dependability is defined as the ability of the forecasts to correctly predict future climate probabilities. Effectiveness refers to the ability of the forecasts to provide information beyond that achieved by standard climatological considerations. Measures of dependability and effectiveness are developed for the NOAA probability of exceedance forecasts, and evaluated for the forecasts issued for 1997 through early 2005 for the contiguous U.S. Both measures require that forecasts satisfy, a usefulness threshold of an 8% departure from climatological odds prior to inclusion in the evaluation. Results depend on forecast variable, direction of forecast (wetter/drier, warmer/cooler), season, and forecast lead time. Forecasts for warmer than average conditions are frequent and dependable for most of the U.S.; forecasts for cooler than average conditions are infrequent and rarely dependable. Forecasts for wetter than average conditions are less frequent and less dependable than temperature forecasts; with the exception of Arizona and Florida, forecasts for drier than average conditions are not as frequent or dependable as the wetter forecasts. Overall, in the Desert Southwest, southern and eastern Texas, the Gulf Coast, Florida, and parts of the Pacific Northwest, temperature forecasts have relatively high effectiveness, primarily in November through July, at all lead times. In the same regions, precipitation forecasts have moderate effectiveness in October through February, for lead times up to 6.5 months. For the rest of the U.S., only temperature forecasts show some effectiveness at longer lead times. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jeanne.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1737 EP 1753 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 133CY UT WOS:000243990400008 ER PT J AU Chinkuyu, A Meixner, T Gish, T Nejadhashemi, AP AF Chinkuyu, A. Meixner, T. Gish, T. Nejadhashemi, A. P. TI Prediction of NO3-N losses in surface runoff from a field with seepage zones using GLEAMS and RZWQM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE model; NO3-N; OPE3; runoff; watershed ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; SUBSURFACE FLOW PATHWAYS; SOIL-MOISTURE; PESTICIDE; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; MSEA AB Seepage zones have been shown to be of critical importance in controlling contaminant export from agricultural watersheds. However, their impacts on water quality have not been effectively modeled. The Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLL'AMS) model and the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) were used to predict daily and monthly nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration and loss in surface runoff from an agricultural field with seepage zones. The results of the study show that calibrated GLEAMS and RZWQM predicted daily NO3-N concentration [index of agreement (D) > 0.57] in surface runoff from the field with seepage zones. Based on the different model evaluation techniques used in this study, both GLEAMS' and RZWQM performed fairly well in assessing the effects of seepage zones on daily NO3-N losses in surface runoff. However GLEAMS (D = 0.93) performed relatively better than RZWQM (D = 0.45) in predicting NO3-N loss in surface runoff on a monthly basis, while both GLEAMS and RZWQM performed equally well in predicting NO3-N loss in surface runoff on a daily basis. Both models performed poorly in predicting NO3-N concentration in surface runoff on a monthly basis (D < 0.44). Additionally, since neither model adequately simulated monthly NO3-N concentration in surface runoff from the field with seepage zones, their ability in water quality modeling for such fields will be compromised, and further model evaluation and development is justified. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. World Bank, Dept Environm, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nejadhashemi, AP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM pouyan@ksu.edu RI Nejadhashemi, A Pouyan/G-3505-2012 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1779 EP 1790 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 133CY UT WOS:000243990400011 ER PT J AU Grabow, GL Huffman, RL Evans, RO Jordan, DL Nuti, RC AF Grabow, G. L. Huffman, R. L. Evans, R. O. Jordan, D. L. Nuti, R. C. TI Water distribution from a subsurface drip irrigation system and dripline spacing effect on cotton yield and water use efficiency in a coastal plain soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cotton; subsurface drip irrigation; water management; yields ID UNSATURATED SOILS; MANAGEMENT; PATTERN AB A subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system was installed in 2001 in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Initially, four zones were installed, each with 0.91 in dripline spacing. In 2002, a fifth zone with 1.82 in dripline spacing was added. This system irrigated a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) rotation on a Norfolk sandy loam soil. Seed cotton yield data was collected from 2001 to 2004. In addition to SDI, overhead sprinkler irrigation was applied to cotton plots from 2001 to 2003. This study was concurrent with another study that evaluated the effect of irrigation system type, cotton growth regulator (mepiquat chloride), herbicide (glyphosate) treatment, and planting date on lint yield and quality. Although the soil is classified as a sandy loam, water moved laterally to the midpoint of the 1.82 in spaced dripline; this was likely due to the pan layer found at about 0.3 in just below the dripline depth of 0.23 in. There was no difference in lateral water movement between the two dripline spacings. Seed cotton yield and irrigation water use efficiency was not statistically different between irrigation system type or dripline spacing over all years in the study. Seed cotton yield averaged 3.44 Mg ha(-1) for the 0.91 in dripline spacing, and 3.22 Mg ha(-1) for the 1.82 m spacing for the three-year period 2002-2004 compared to an unirrigated average of 2.58 Mg ha(-1) for the same period. Average irrigation water use efficiency was greater for the 0.91 m dripline spacing but not statistically difterent from the 1.82 m spacing. For 2001-2003, when sprinkler-irrigated plots existed, seed cotton yield averaged 3.55 Mg ha(-1) for the 0.91 m dripline spacing, 3.35 Mg ha(-1) for the sprinkler-irrigated plots, and 2.56Mg ha(-1) for the unirrigatedplots. Drought conditions existed in 2002, when 258 mm of rain occurred between planting and final irrigation. The other growing seasons received relatively high amounts of rainfall: 524, 555, and 643 mm in 2001, 2003, and 2004, respectively. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Grabow, GL (reprint author), Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Garry_Grabow@ncsu.edu NR 39 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1823 EP 1835 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 133CY UT WOS:000243990400015 ER PT J AU Kaleita, AL Steward, BL Ewing, RP Ashlock, DA Westgate, ME Hatfield, JL AF Kaleita, A. L. Steward, B. L. Ewing, R. P. Ashlock, D. A. Westgate, M. E. Hatfield, J. L. TI Novel analysis of hyperspectral reflectance data for detecting onset of pollen shed in maize SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE genetic programming; partial least squares; remote sensing; spectral analysis; tassel emergence ID GENETIC-ALGORITHM; SPECTRA AB Knowledge of pollen shed dynamics in and around seed production fields is critical for ensuring a high yield of genetically pure corn seed. Recently, changes in canopy reflectance using hyperspectral reflectance have been associated with tassel emergence, which is known to precede pollen shed in a predictable manner Practical application of this remote sensing technology, however, requires a simple and reliable method to evaluate changes in spectral images associated with the onset of tassel emergence and pollen shed. In this study, several numerical methods were investigated for estimating percentage of plants with visible tassels (VT) and percentage of plants that initiated pollen shed (IPS) from remotely sensed hyperspectral reflectance data (397 to 902 nm). Correlation analysis identified regions of the spectra that were associated with tassel emergence and anthesis (i.e., 50% of plants shedding pollen). No single band, however generated correlations greater than 0.40 for either VT or IPS. Classification using an artificial neural network (ANN) was predictive, correctly classifying 83.5% and 88.3% of the VT and IPS data, respectively. The extensive preprocessing necessary and the "black box" nature of ANNs, however, rendered analysis of spectral regions difficult using this method. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis yielded models with high predictive capability (R-2 of 0.80 for VT and 0.79 for IPS). The PLS coefficients, however did not exhibit a spectrally consistent pattern. A novel range operator-enabled genetic algorithm (ROE-GA), designed to consider the shape of the spectra, had similar predictive capabilities to the ANN and PLS, but provided the added advantage of allowing information transfer for increased domain knowledge. The ROE-GA analysis is the preferred method to evaluate hyperspectral reflectance data and associate spectral changes to tassel emergence and the onset of pollen shed in corn on afield scale. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Math & Stat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kaleita, AL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kaleita@iastate.edu RI Ewing, Robert/J-8968-2013; Kaleita, Amy/J-8363-2016 OI Kaleita, Amy/0000-0002-8906-3408 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1947 EP 1954 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 133CY UT WOS:000243990400026 ER PT J AU Onaran, I Pearson, TC Yardimci, Y Cetin, AE AF Onaran, I. Pearson, T. C. Yardimci, Y. Cetin, A. E. TI Detection of underdeveloped hazelnuts from fully developed nuts by impact acoustics SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; classification; detection; nut; sound ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; PISTACHIO NUTS; RECOGNITION AB Shell-to-kernel weight ratio is a Vital measurement of quality in hazelnuts as it helps to identify nuts that have underdeveloped kernels. Nuts containing underdeveloped kernels may contain mycotoxin-producing molds, which are linked to cancer and are heavily regulated in interviational trade. A prototype system was set up to detect underdeveloped hazelnuts by dropping them onto a steel plate and recording the acoustic signal that was generated when a kernel hit the plate. A feature vector comprising line spectral frequencies and time-domain maxima that describes both the time and frequency nature of the impact sound was extracted from each sound signal and used to classify each nut by a support-vector machine. Experimental studies demonstrated accuracies as high as 97% in classifying hazelnuts with underdeveloped kernels. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ankara, Turkey. Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Informat, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tom.pearson@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1971 EP 1976 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 133CY UT WOS:000243990400029 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S Kays, SJ AF Nelson, S. O. Trabelsi, S. Kays, S. J. TI Dielectric spectroscopy of honeydew melons from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz for quality sensing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE dielectric constant; dielectric properties; honeydew melons; loss factor; permittivity; quality sensing; soluble solids content ID FRESH FRUITS; MICROWAVE PERMITTIVITY; VEGETABLES; DENSITY AB Honeydew melons were grown and harvested with a range of maturities for measurement of tissue permittivities (dielectric constant and loss factor) to study possible correlations between the dielectric properties and soluble solids (sweetness) for nondestructive sensing of maturity. Permittivities of tissue samples from 38 melons were measured at 25 degrees C over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz along with refractometer determinations of soluble solids content (SSC), tissue density, and moisture content. A high correlation (r = 0.96) was found between SSC and the permittivity as expressed in a complex-plane plot of the two components of the relative complex permittivity, each divided by SSC. Through this mathematical relationship, SSC can be calculated from measured permittivity values independent of tissue density and moisture content. Moderate correlations were noted between dielectric constant and SSC at 10 MHz and between the loss factor and SSC at 1.8 GHz. Correlations between the dielectric properties and both moisture content and tissue density were very low. The correlation between tissue density and SSC was also very low. A high correlation was noted between SSC and moisture content, with SSC decreasing as moisture content increased. Problems in using the high correlation between permittivity and SSC for practical, nondestructive sensing of honeydew melon maturity as determined by SSC are also considered. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM sonelson@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 31 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1977 EP 1981 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 133CY UT WOS:000243990400030 ER PT J AU Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP AF Park, B. Lawrence, K. C. Windham, W. R. Smith, D. P. TI Performance of supervised classification algorithms of hyperspectral imagery for identifying fecal and ingesta contaminants SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE classification; fecal contamination; food safety inspection; hyperspectral; image classification; imaging spectroscopy; poultry ID IMAGING-SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; INSPECTION; TISSUE AB In order to select the optimum classifier, the performance of six different supervised classification algorithms including parallelepiped, minimum distance, Mahalanobis distance, maximum likelihood, spectral angle mapper and binary coding were investigated and compared for identifying fecal and ingesta contaminants in hyperspectral poultry imagery. A pushbroom line-scan hyperspectral imager was used for hyperspectral image acquisition, with 512 narrow bands between 400 and 900 nm wavelengths. Three different feces from digestive tracts (duodenum, ceca, colon) and ingesta were considered as contaminants. These contaminants were collected from broiler carcasses that had been fed a mixture of corn, milo, or wheat with soybean. The classification accuracies varied from 62.9% to 92.3% depending on the classification method. The highest classification accuracy for identifying contaminants from corn-fed carcasses was 92.3% with a spectral angle mapper classifier. The accuracy was 82.1% with the maximum likelihood method for milo-fed carcasses, and 91.2% accuracy was obtained for wheat-fed carcasses when the same classification method was employed. The mean classification accuracy for classifying fecal and ingesta contaminants obtained in this study was 90.3%. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2017 EP 2024 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 133CY UT WOS:000243990400034 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Constance A. TI Changes in Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.) following release from overtopping conifers SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Oregon white oak; Quercus garryana; suppression; seed production; epicormic branches; release ID ACORN PRODUCTION; EPICORMIC SHOOTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GROWTH; FIR; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN; FORESTS; STAND AB Oregon white oak or Garry oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.) is a shade-intolerant, deciduous species that has been overtopped by conifers during the past century in parts of its range due to an altered disturbance regime. We examined the response of suppressed Oregon white oak trees in western Washington, USA, to three levels of release from overtopping Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco). We treated individual oak trees with either full release from competition, partial ("half") release from competition, or a stand-level thinning of Douglas-fir not directed toward release (control). Five years after treatment, oak trees had suffered no mortality or windthrow. Stem diameter growth was 194% greater in the full-release treatment relative to the control. Acorn production varied widely by year, but in years of higher production, acorn production was significantly greater in both release treatments than in the control. Frequency of epicormic branch formation was significantly increased for years 1 and 2 by the full release; the greatest response occurred between 2 and 6 m above ground level. The greatest number of epicormic branches formed on trees on which the majority of original limbs had died back prior to treatment. Trees with relatively less crown dieback at the time of treatment generally had greater stem growth and acorn production responses to release treatments. Our findings indicate that these released Oregon white oak trees are beginning to recover after an extended period of suppression. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1007/s00468-006-0089-8 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 109GT UT WOS:000242296600009 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Evett, Steven R. Tolk, J. A. Howell, T. A. TI Response to "Comments on 'TDR laboratory calibration in travel time, bulk electrical conductivity, and effective frequency''' SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY MEASUREMENTS; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1073 EP 1075 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0062 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129JK UT WOS:000243724900004 ER PT J AU Flerchinger, GN Seyfried, MS Hardegree, SP AF Flerchinger, G. N. Seyfried, M. S. Hardegree, S. P. TI Using soil freezing characteristics to model multi-season soil water dynamics SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SHAW MODEL; FIELD CALIBRATION; LIQUID WATER; MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; FLOW; BALANCE; REGIONS; SENSOR AB The soil moisture characteristic (SMC) is a fundamental soil property for simulating soil water dynamics but is difficult and time-consuming to measure. When the soil is frozen, the soil water potential and liquid water content are strongly dependent on temperature. The relation between soil freezing temperatures and liquid water content, termed the soil freezing characteristic (SFC), is related to the SMC. With the widespread use of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure liquid water in frozen soil, simultaneous measurement of soil temperature and liquid water content under frozen conditions enables in situ estimation of the SMC curve through its similarity to the SFC. We investigated the applicability of deducing the SMC curve from in situ measurements of the SFC for simulation of both frozen and unfrozen soil water dynamics. Results suggest that SMC parameters deduced from the SFC may be used for model simulations without a significant loss of accuracy, as compared with model simulations based on pressure plate analyses. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM gflerchi@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1153 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0025 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129JK UT WOS:000243724900011 ER PT J AU Nemes, A Rawls, WJ Pachepsky, YA van Genuchten, MT AF Nemes, A. Rawls, W. J. Pachepsky, Ya. A. van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Sensitivity analysis of the nonparametric nearest neighbor technique to estimate soil water retention SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGIC TIME-SERIES; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; STOCHASTIC GENERATION; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION; SYSTEM; MODEL; DATABASE AB A k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) nonparametric algorithm variant was earlier applied successfully to estimate soil water retention. In this study, we tested the sensitivity of that k-NN variant to different data and algorithm options, such as: (i) estimations made to soils with differing distribution of properties; (ii) the use of different sample weighting methods; (iii) the number of ensembles we developed; (iv) data density in the reference data set; (v) the presence of outliers in the reference data set; (vi) unequal weighting of input attributes; and (vii) the addition of locally specific data to the reference data set. We used a hierarchical set of input attributes and data set sizes to develop ensembles of predictions using multiple randomized subset selections. The k-NN technique performed comparably well as neural network models developed on the same data. Using > 50 ensemble members did not improve the results any further. The k-NN technique showed little sensitivity to the choice of sample weighting methods and to suboptimal weighting of input attributes. Differences in data density in parts of the reference data set did not substantially impact estimation errors. Estimations substantially improved for locally specific data when some local samples were included in the reference data set, while estimations for other samples remained almost unaffected. The k-NN technique shows a large degree of stability and insensitivity to different settings and options, can easily adopt new data without the need to redevelop equations, and is an effective alternative to other techniques to estimate soil water retention. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Nemes, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM anemes@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1222 EP 1235 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0017 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129JK UT WOS:000243724900017 ER PT J AU Stromberg, BE Gasbarre, LC AF Stromberg, Bert E. Gasbarre, Louis C. TI Gastrointestinal nematode control programs with an emphasis on cattle SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Review ID OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI INFECTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; LOCAL LYMPHOID-TISSUES; RAIN SPLASH DISPERSAL; FREE-LIVING-STAGES; DUDDINGTONIA-FLAGRANS; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; 3RD-STAGE LARVAE; HELMINTH CONTROL; PARASITE CONTROL AB Control strategies for nematode parasites rely on knowledge of the relationships between the parasites and their hosts. Specifically, these programs are based on identifying crucial points of interaction in the environment provided by the host, including genetics and the immune response, and critical periods in the physical environment in which the eggs and larval stages must develop. When these targets are identified and the interactions understood, cost-effective sustainable programs can be developed using currently available antiparasitic compounds. Resistance to the major classes of anthelmintic compounds requires consideration of new approaches, such as immunity or genetics of the host. Additionally, the efficacy of these compounds can be expanded with combined or concomitant use. Increased study of the use of novel approaches, including fungi, elements such as copper, and plant products, has also occurred. This article explores each of these areas to allow readers to appreciate how various approaches may be developed and incorporated into an effective parasite control program. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet & Biomed Sci Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ARS, BARC E ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stromberg, BE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet & Biomed Sci Dept, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM b-stro@umn.edu NR 110 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 543 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2006.08.003 PG 24 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 106UT UT WOS:000242128200004 PM 17071352 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS AF Dubey, J. P. Lindsay, David S. TI Neosporosis, toxoplasmosis, and sarcocystosis in ruminants SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Review ID GONDII TISSUE CYSTS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POINT-SOURCE EXPOSURE; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; BOVINE NEOSPOROSIS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; SEROLOGICAL METHODS; UNITED-STATES; WATERBORNE TOXOPLASMOSIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES AB Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp, and Toxoplasma gondii are related coccidian parasites that can cause abortion and neonatal mortality in animals. In addition, T gondii and certain species of Sarcocystis are zoonotic. This article reviews information on the etiology, diagnosis, control, and prevention of these diseases. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 128 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 EI 1558-4240 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 645 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2006.08.001 PG 28 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 106UT UT WOS:000242128200010 PM 17071358 ER PT J AU Wakamatsu, N King, DJ Kapczynski, DR Seal, BS Brown, CC AF Wakamatsu, N. King, D. J. Kapczynski, D. R. Seal, B. S. Brown, C. C. TI Experimental pathogenesis for chickens, turkeys, and pigeons of exotic Newcastle disease virus from an outbreak in California during 2002-2003 SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxovirus 1; chickens; exotic Newcastle disease virus; Newcastle disease; pathogenesis; pigeons; turkeys ID DOMESTIC CHICKENS; VIRULENCE; BIRDS AB Exotic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from chickens during the 2002-2003 California outbreak (CA exotic Newcastle disease [END] virus) was inoculated into 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens, 3-week-old SPF Beltsville White turkeys, 6-week-old commercial Broad Breasted White turkeys, and 10- to 20-week-old racing pigeons, and the clinicopathologic features of disease were compared. Birds were monitored clinically and euthanized sequentially with collection of tissues. Tissues were examined by histopathology, by immunohistochemistry to detect viral nucleoprotein, and by in situ hybridization to detect viral mRNA. Clinically, infected chickens and SPF turkeys showed severe depression, and all died or were euthanized because of severe clinical signs by day 5 postinoculation. In these birds, histologic lesions were widespread and virus was detected in multiple organs. All infected commercial turkeys showed mild depression, and incoordination was observed in some birds. Histologic lesions were mild, and viral distribution was limited. In pigeons, only 1 bird showed overt clinical disease, and histologic lesions and viral distribution were present in limited organs. Consequently, susceptibility to highly virulent NDV was shown to vary among chickens, SPF turkeys, commercial turkeys, and pigeons. Additionally, we have evidence of CA END virus subclinical infections that suggest pigeons could be subclinical carriers of other virulent NDV. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM corbrown@vet.uga.edu NR 18 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 925 EP 933 DI 10.1354/vp.43-6-925 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 108FN UT WOS:000242225800007 PM 17099149 ER PT J AU Register, K AF Register, Karen TI Untitled SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1041 DI 10.1354/vp.43-6-1041 PG 1 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 108FN UT WOS:000242225800028 PM 17099170 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Postman, JD Gergerich, RC Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Postman, Joseph D. Gergerich, Rose C. Martin, Robert R. TI A virus between families: nucleotide sequence and evolution of Strawberry latent ringspot virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Comovirus; Cheravirus; nucleotide sequence; phylogenetic analysis ID PICORNA-LIKE VIRUSES; COAT PROTEIN; PLANT-VIRUSES; 1ST REPORT; RNA; TRANSMISSION; MEMBER; CLOSTEROVIRIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPROTEINS AB Several clones of golden ginger mint (Mentha x gracilis, 'Variegata') were found infected with Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV). The virus was purified and cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence of a mint isolate was obtained. RNA 1 consists of 7496 nucleotides excluding the poly-A tail and encodes a polyprotein with signature enzymatic motifs found in other picoma-like plant viruses. RNA 2 consists of 3842 nucleotides excluding the poly-A tail, encoding a polyprotein that is processed to a putative movement protein and the two coat proteins of the virus. A satellite RNA of 1117 nucleotides was associated with this isolate encoding for a putative protein of 31 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SLRSV shares characteristics with members of the Cheravirus, Fabavirus, Comovirus and Sadwavirus genera indicative of the uniqueness of SLRSV. The close relationship of SLRSV with these genera led to the examination of aphid and beetle transmission of the virus with, however, negative results. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.001 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 100CI UT WOS:000241644400011 PM 16837095 ER PT J AU Fitzmorris, KB Lima, IM Marshall, WE Reimers, RS AF Fitzmorris, Kari B. Lima, Isabel M. Marshall, Wayne E. Reimers, Robert S. TI Anion and cation leaching or desorption from activated carbons from municipal sludge and poultry manure as affected by pH SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE municipal sludge; poultry manure; activated carbon; desorption; cation leaching; anion leaching; adsorption ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE AB The conversion of municipal sludge and poultry manure to activated carbon results in a significant ash fraction that contains several different anions and cations. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the select ions are released or leached from virgin carbon into the sorption medium at different pH values. Activated carbon was placed in solutions of pH 1, 5, or 7, and the leaching of six cations (cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc) and two anions (arsenate and selenate) was recorded. Considerable quantities of zinc and copper were removed at pH I from all carbon sources. However, the amounts leached at pH 5 and 7 were small or undetectable. Our results indicate that leaching or desorption from carbons made from municipal sludge or poultry manure is pH-dependent and occurs readily under highly acidic conditions but minimally under pH conditions typically seen in contaminated water or wastewater. C1 USDA ARS, Commod Utilizat Res, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Fitzmorris, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Commod Utilizat Res, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM kfitzmorris@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2324 EP 2329 DI 10.2175/106143006X95375 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 114QA UT WOS:000242679500005 PM 17243231 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Simunek, J Bettahar, M van Genuchten, MT Yates, SR AF Bradford, S. A. Simunek, J. Bettahar, M. van Genuchten, M. T. Yates, S. R. TI Significance of straining in colloid deposition: Evidence and implications SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; PORE-SCALE VISUALIZATION; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; TO-GRAIN CONTACTS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; FILTRATION THEORY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL FILTRATION; MICROSPHERE DEPOSITION AB [1] Considerable research suggests that colloid deposition in porous media is frequently not consistent with filtration theory predictions under unfavorable attachment conditions. Filtration theory was developed from an analysis of colloid attachment to the solid-water interface of a single spherical grain collector and therefore does not include the potential influence of pore structure, grain-grain junctions, and surface roughness on straining deposition. This work highlights recent experimental evidence that indicates that straining can play an important role in colloid deposition under unfavorable attachment conditions and may explain many of the reported limitations of filtration theory. This conclusion is based upon pore size distribution information, size exclusion, time- and concentration-dependent deposition behavior, colloid size distribution information, hyperexponential deposition profiles, the dependence of deposition on colloid and porous medium size, batch release rates, micromodel observations, and deposition at textural interfaces. The implications of straining in unsaturated and heterogeneous systems are also discussed, as well as the potential influence of system solution chemistry and hydrodynamics. The inability of attachment theory predictions to describe experimental colloid transport data under unfavorable conditions is demonstrated. Specific tests to identify the occurrence and/or absence of straining and attachment are proposed. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Parsons, Pasadena, CA 91124 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 107 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 AR W12S15 DI 10.1029/2005WR004791 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 103FX UT WOS:000241872200001 ER PT J AU Matocha, MA Krutz, LJ Senseman, SA Koger, CH Reddy, KN Palmer, EW AF Matocha, M. A. Krutz, L. J. Senseman, S. A. Koger, C. H. Reddy, K. N. Palmer, E. W. TI Spray carrier pH effect on absorption and translocation of trifloxysulfuron in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmed) and Texasweed (Caperonia palustris) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sulfonylurea; PH; pK(a); spray carrier ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; FOLIAR-APPLIED CGA-362622; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; WEED-CONTROL; NICOSULFURON; METABOLISM; GLYPHOSATE; PRIMISULFURON; CHLORIMURON; RESISTANT AB Spray carrier pH affects the solubility of sulfonylurea herbicides and, therefore, could affect absorption and subsequent translocation of these compounds in weeds. Trifloxysulforon is a sulfonylurea herbicide developed for POST weed control in cotton, sugarcane, and turfigrass with a pK(a) of 4.81. The objective of this study was to evaluate the absorption and translocation of foliar-applied C-14-trifloxysuifuron in Palmer amaranth and Texasweed at PH 5, 7, and 9 over a period of 4 to 72 h after treatment (HAT). For absorption, effects of time, species, and PH were significant. Absorption averaged over species and PH increased logarithmically from 4 to 72 HAT. Absorption was greater for Palmer amaranth (88%) than for Texasweed (29%) when averaged over time and PH. Absorption averaged over species and time increased in the order of PH 5 (52%) < PH 9 (60%) = pH 7 (61%). Consequently, this translated into greater translocation of C-14-trifloxysulfuron in Texasweed when sprayed with the higher pH spray solutions. These data indicate that absorption and translocation of trifloxysulfuron in some weed species may be enhanced by increasing the PH of the spray solution by 2 PH units above the pK(a). C1 Agron Field Lab 115, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Syngenta Crop Protect, Leland, MS 38756 USA. RP Matocha, MA (reprint author), Agron Field Lab 115, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ma-matocha@tamu.edu RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 969 EP 973 DI 10.1614/WS-06-029.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 113LQ UT WOS:000242599800001 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Gulden, R Clay, SA AF Horvath, David P. Gulden, Robert Clay, Sharon A. TI Microarray analysis of late-season velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) effect on corn SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE weed competition; microarray; genomics ID SHADE AVOIDANCE RESPONSES; WEED-CONTROL; ZEA-MAYS; CRITICAL PERIOD; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; YIELD; LIGHT; INTERFERENCE; NITROGEN AB Microarray analysis was used to identify changes in gene expression in corn leaves collected from plants at the V11-14 growth stage that resulted from competition with velvetleaf The plants were grown in field plots under adequate N (addition of 220 kg N ha(-1)) and irrigation to minimize N and water stress. Consequently, only differences resulting from competition for micronutrients, light, and perhaps allelopathic stress were anticipated. Genes involved in carbon and nitrogen utilization, photosynthesis, growth and development, oxidative stress, signal transduction, responses to auxin and ethylene, and zinc transport were repressed in corn growing in competition with velvetleaf. Very few genes were induced because of competition with velvetleaf, and those that were provided little indication of the physiological response of corn. No differences were observed in genes responsive to water stress or sequestering/transporting micronutrients other than zinc, indicating that these stresses were not a major component of velvetleaf competition with corn at the developmental stage tested. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 983 EP 994 DI 10.1614/WS-06-103R.1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 113LQ UT WOS:000242599800003 ER PT J AU Davis, RF Webster, TM Brenneman, TB AF Davis, R. F. Webster, T. M. Brenneman, T. B. TI Host status of tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis) for nematodes SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Benghal dayflower; cotton; host status; Meloidogyne arenaria; Meloidogyne incognita; nematode reproduction; peanut; reniform nematode; root-knot nematode; Rotylenchulus reniformis ID ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; UNITED-STATES; WEED HOSTS; LESION NEMATODE; PRATYLENCHUS; COTTON; POPULATIONS; ARENARIA; COMMON AB Nematodes are the most damaging pathogens of cotton and one of the most important pathogens of peanut. Weeds can support nematode reproduction and reduce the effectiveness of crop rotation as a management tool. This study documents the relative host status of tropical spiderwort for (1) the reniform nematode and the southern and peanut root-knot nematodes and (2) the fungal pathogen southern stem rot. A reproductive factor (RF) was calculated for each nematode (final number divided by initial number). Galling was estimated (0-10 scale) for the root-knot species. The southern root-knot nematode reproduced well on tropical spiderwort, with a gall rating of 3.1 and an RF of 15.5. The peanut root-knot nematode also reproduced well on tropical spiderwort, with a gall rating of 2.1 and an PT of 7.2. Trials with the reniform nematode were analyzed independently. In the first trial with the reniform nematode, the RF was 2.4 on tropical spiderwort and 1.4 on cotton. In the second trial, the RF was 3.6 on tropical spiderwort and 13.5 on cotton. The severity of symptoms caused by southern stem rot was estimated on a scale of 0 to 10. In the first trial, peanut had a disease severity rating of 4.0 and tropical spiderwort had a rating of 1.4, and the fungus could be seen growing on 40% of the tropical spiderwort plants. In the second trial, peanut had a disease severity rating of 10.0 and tropical spiderwort had a rating of 5.0, but the fungus could be seen growing on all of the tropical spiderwort plants. It appears that tropical spiderwort is a sufficiently good host for some of the primary nematode and fungal pathogens of major crops in the southeastern United States that its presence at typical plant population densities will greatly reduce the pathogen-suppressive effects of crop rotation. C1 US Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Davis, RF (reprint author), US Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM rfdavis@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1141 DI 10.1614/WS-06-114R.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 113LQ UT WOS:000242599800024 ER PT J AU Gray, RL Teels, BM AF Gray, Randall L. Teels, Billy M. TI Contributions of the Farm Bill on fish and wildlife SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. RP Gray, RL (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM randall.gray@wdc.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 905 EP 905 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[905:COTFBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 121RB UT WOS:000243173600002 ER PT J AU Gray, RL Teels, BM AF Gray, Randall L. Teels, Billy M. TI Wildlife and fish conservation through the Farm Bill SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE conservation programs; Conservation Reserve Program; Conservation Security Program; Environmental Quality Incentives Program; Farm Bill; Grassland Reserve Program; Sodbuster; Swampbuster; Wetlands Reserve Program; Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER AB Private lands constitute 70% of the land base in the United States and are important to the conservation of fish and wildlife. The last 4 Farm Bills established a variety of conservation programs that integrate fish and wildlife habitat as an important consideration in farm policy. These programs provide cost-sharing opportunities, technical assistance, and other financial incentives to restore or enhance habitats, and protect habitats through long-term or permanent conservation easements. The programs are providing landscape-scale habitat changes, resulting in increased populations of many species. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. RP Gray, RL (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM billy.teels@ftw.usda.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 906 EP 913 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[906:WAFCTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 121RB UT WOS:000243173600003 ER PT J AU Teels, BM Rewa, CA Myers, J AF Teels, Billy M. Rewa, Charles A. Myers, John TI Aquatic condition response to riparian buffer establishment SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program; fish assemblage; Index of Biotic Integrity; northern Virginia; practice effects; riparian buffers; riparian restoration; watershed ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; STREAM QUALITY; WATER-QUALITY; NORTH-AMERICA; FISH; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; WETLAND; INDEX AB Although riparian buffers established along streams in agricultural landscapes are expected to provide water-quality functions similar to natural ecosystems, few studies have documented specific changes in the condition of aquatic resources resulting from buffer establishment. In 2000 the Commonwealth of Virginia, USA, began an extensive cooperative venture under the Chesapeake Bay Initiative to establish riparian buffers on agricultural lands, primarily through United States Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CPEP). Prior to CREP implementation, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) developed a regionally tailored fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for use as a watershed assessment technique in Northern Virginia. Using this regional IBI framework, we evaluated the effects of recently established riparian buffers on aquatic condition. Within the geographic scope of the regional 01, we evaluated all buffer segments planned between 2000 and 2003. Cumulatively during this period, we assessed stream physical condition on 36 buffer sites and 12 reference sites using the NRCS Stream Visual Assessment Protocol (SVAP); we also assessed the aquatic community at these sites using the IBI. Improvements in stream condition were clearly demonstrated at certain sites within one year of buffer establishment. Although not all buffer projects responded with positive trends, mean SVAP and IBI scores for buffered sites increased over the course of the study, whereas the trend on reference sites was level or slightly downward. We observed positive 01 response at sites with highly disturbed local conditions prior to buffer establishment combined with small, relatively undisturbed watersheds above. Simple solutions such as buffer establishment alone cannot be expected to protect streams from adverse human impacts that occur at a broader scale. Therefore, riparian restoration should be planned and carried out in concert with other conservation practices at a watershed scale in a way that maximizes buffer effectiveness. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Resource Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Richmond, VA 23229 USA. RP Teels, BM (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. EM billy.teels@ftw.usda.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 927 EP 935 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[927:ACRTRB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 121RB UT WOS:000243173600006 ER PT J AU Davros, NM Debinski, DM Reeder, KF Hohman, WL AF Davros, Nicole M. Debinski, Diane M. Reeder, Kathleen F. Hohman, William L. TI Butterflies and continuous conservation reserve program filter strips: Landscape considerations SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE buffers; butterfly abundance; diversity; farm conservation; filter strip; landscape context; Minnesota; species richness ID COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; CROPLAND; HABITAT; FIELDS AB Filter strips or buffers are areas of grass or other perennial herbaceous vegetation established along waterways to remove contaminants and sediments from agricultural field runoff In the heavily cultivated regions of the Midwestern United States, these buffer zones established under the Farm Bill provide important habitat for wildlife such as butterflies. The question of how the landscape context of these plantings influences their use has not been adequately researched. We used multiple regression and Akaike's Information Criteria to determine how habitat width and several landscape-level factors (i.e., landscape composition [total herbaceous cover, amount of developed area, and amount of wooded cover] and configuration [herbaceous edge density]) influenced the abundance and diversity of the butterfly community using filter strips in southwestern Minnesota, USA. Habitat-sensitive butterfly abundance and all richness and diversity measures were positively correlated with filter-strip width. Butterfly abundance was negatively associated with the amount of developed areas (cities, towns, and roads) within the area of a 1-km radius (3.14 km(2)) surrounding the sites. Percentage of wooded cover in the landscape was an important variable explaining individual species abundance, although the direction of the relationship varied. Our finding that landscape context influences butterfly use of filter strips highlights the importance of landscape-level approaches to wildlife conservation in agroecosystems. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. RP Davros, NM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolut Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM debinski@iastate.edu OI Debinski, Diane/0000-0002-7144-4640 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 936 EP 943 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[936:BACCRP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 121RB UT WOS:000243173600007 ER PT J AU Weller, TJ Zielinski, WJ AF Weller, Theodore J. Zielinski, William J. TI Using an Internet questionnaire to characterize bat survey efforts in the United States and Canada SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE agency biologist; bat detectors; Chiroptera; experience-level; Internet; survey methods; survey protocol ID CONSERVATION; IDENTIFICATION; SCIENCE AB Standardized survey methods are important for obtaining reliable information on wildlife populations. As a precursor to creating a regional bat-survey (Chiroptera) protocol, we distributed a questionnaire via e-mail to biologists responsible for conducting bat surveys in the United States and Canada. We received 415 responses from 45 states and 7 Canadian provinces or territories. Most of the responses were from western North America. Based on these responses, we characterized the biologists responsible for bat surveys, their objectives and methods, and the habitat types and spatial scales surveyed. Most respondents were government employees, had < 5 years of experience working with bats, and had < 20% of their professional responsibilities dedicated to bats. Surveys were most likely to occur in forests and at sites <= 1 km(2) in area. The 3 most important objectives identified by respondents for conducting bat surveys, in rank order, were to 1) create a list of species in an area, 2) monitor presence or abundance of a species at a structure, and 3) determine presence of a single species in an area. Experienced (> 10 yr) surveyors tended to employ a wider variety of methods than those with less experience. We discuss how the results of this questionnaire will be used to draft a regional bat-survey protocol to better address the needs of its target audience. Using the Internet to survey the target audience proved to be a very useful step in the development of a standard bat-survey protocol. We believe similar methods should be considered for other taxa as a precursor to creation of standard survey methods. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Weller, TJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM tweller@fs.fed.us RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1000:UAIQTC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 121RB UT WOS:000243173600014 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Schlexer, FV Pilgrim, KL Schwartz, MK AF Zielinski, William J. Schlexer, Fredrick V. Pilgrim, Kristine L. Schwartz, Michael K. TI The efficacy of wire and glue hair snares in identifying mesocarnivores SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE California; carnivore; DNA; fisher; genetics; hair snare; identification; marten; Martes americana; Martes pennanti; noninvasive; population monitoring; track plate ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; ELUSIVE ANIMALS; BROWN BEARS; CANADA LYNX; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MARTEN; TRACKS; FECES; AMPLIFICATION AB Track plates and cameras are proven methods for detecting and identifying fishers (Martes pennanti) and other mesocarnivores. But these methods are inadequate to achieve demographic and population-monitoring objectives that require identifying sex and individuals. Although noninvasive collection of biological material for genetic analysis (i.e., hair-snaring methods) may help achieve these objectives, they have yet to be evaluated. We incorporated wire- and glue-snares into track-plate enclosures in bait stations deployed at 3 locations in California, USA, in 2002 and 2003 to compare their efficacy. We detected 5 species of carnivores via their tracks, fisher and marten (M. arnericana) most frequently. We collected 96 hair samples, 71 (80%) of which had sufficient DNA to yield a species identification. The wire-snares were more permeable to all species, but both snares were permeable to fishers. Glue-snares were more effective at collecting hair than the wire-snare configuration used. Small species, such as the marten, did not readily leave hair on the wire-snare. Glue was more cumbersome to handle than wire, but, given that it collected more hair and more reliably, we favor use of a glue-snare for fisher surveys. Glue also was effective at collecting hair that was correctly identified as marten on 72% of visits by martens. The hair-snaring method resulted in a 58% and 75% rate of successful identification of fishers that entered the enclosure for wire and glue, respectively. Most failures were due to either insufficient DNA in the sample or no hair snared during a visit to the bait. The success of verifying the presence of a species also was affected when a second species visited the station between check intervals. We believe that changes in laboratory technique can mitigate this problem. Although only 75% of the visits by fishers to glue-snares resulted in hair that yielded sufficient DNA for confirmation, we believe this success rate guarantees a high probability that the presence of a fisher would be confirmed by at least one of their visits to a multiple-station sample unit in which each station is checked several times. A sample of hair from fishers and martens were selected for individual identification, and 9 of the 12 fisher samples had sufficient DNA to identify a minimum of 6 different individuals. Track and genetic methods need not compete for use by carnivore surveyors; each is inexpensive enough when deployed in the integrated unit we tested here to justify their use as companion methods. However, additional innovations will be necessary to increase the number of species that can be detected by track and genetic means at the same location. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1152 EP 1161 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1152:TEOWAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 121RB UT WOS:000243173600033 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Lapidge, SJ Long, DB AF Campbell, Tyler A. Lapidge, Steven J. Long, David B. TI Using baits to deliver pharmaceuticals to feral swine in southern Texas SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE baits; feral swine; iophenoxic acid; oral delivery system; Sus scrofa; vaccine; wild hog; wild pig ID AUJESZKYS-DISEASE VIRUS; PIGS SUS SCROFA; IOPHENOXIC ACID; FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; NATIONAL-PARK; WILD; GNRH; PSEUDORABIES; VACCINES AB Few studies have evaluated oral delivery systems of pharmaceuticals (e.g., vaccines, fertility control agents, and toxicants) to feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the United States. Our objective was to assess, through a field trial, the percentage of feral swine and nontarget animals that remove and consume baits intended to transport pharmaceuticals to feral swine in southern Texas, USA. We hand-placed 1,178 iophenoxic acid (IA)-marked baits distributed over 1,721 ha (68 baits/km(2)) in April 2005 and monitored species-specific bait removal and consumption using track stations, automated camera systems, and serum IA values from captured animals. Ninety percent of baits were removed after 72 hours. For baits for which we determined the species that "definitely" or "likely" removed bait using track stations and cameras, 51% were taken by raccoons (Procyon lotor), 22% were taken by feral swine, and 20% were taken by collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu). We found elevated serum IA values in 74% of trapped feral swine, 89% of raccoons, and 43% of opossums (Didelphis virginiana). Our oral delivery system was successful in marking a substantial proportion of feral swine. However, our observed removal rates suggest that the majority of the baits were taken by nontarget species and, therefore, unsuitable for most pharmaceutical applications in their current form. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Texas Field Stn, USDA,Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Invas Anim Cooperat Res Ctr, Unley, SA 5061, Australia. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Texas Field Stn, USDA,Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 62 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1184 EP 1189 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1184:UBTDPT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 121RB UT WOS:000243173600037 ER PT J AU Zungu, M Young, ME Essop, MF AF Zungu, Makhosazane Young, Martin E. Essop, M. Faadiel TI Identification of a novel cardioprotective program sustaining right ventricular output in response to chronic oxygen deprivation SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Cape Town, Hlth Sci Fac, Hatter Heart Res Inst, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S MA 1127 BP 209 EP 210 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792801304 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Mayer, J Herrington, DM Reboussin, DM Schaefer, EJ Asztalos, BF Mayer, J AF Lamon-Fava, Stefania Mayer, Jean Herrington, David M. Reboussin, David M. Schaefer, Emst J. Asztalos, Bela F. Mayer, Jean TI High density lipoprotein subpopulations and lipoprotein remnants: Effects of hormonal replacement therapy and association with baseline coronary atherosclerosis in the estrogen replacement and atherosclerosis (ERA) trial SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 255 EP 255 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792801517 ER PT J AU Kim, BK Jang, Y Koh, SJ Choi, D Kim, OY Hyun, YJ Kim, HJ Chae, JS Ordovas, JM Lee, JH AF Kim, Byoung-Keuk Jang, Yangsoo Koh, Soo Jeong Choi, Donghoon Kim, Oh Yoen Hyun, Yae Jung Kim, Hyae Jin Chae, Jey Sook Ordovas, Jose M. Lee, Jong Ho TI Effect of the 252A > G polymorphism of the lymphotoxin-alpha gene on inflammatory markers of response to cigarette smoking in Korean healthy men SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Natl Res Lab Clin Nutrigenet Nutrigenom, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Univ Res Inst Sci Aging, Yonsei Cardiovasc Ctr,Coll Med,Cardiol Div, Yonsei Med Inst,Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. Ilsan Hosp, Natl Hlth Insurance Corp, Div Cardiol, Ctr Cardiovasc, Koyang, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 846 EP 846 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792805412 ER PT J AU Vega-Lopez, S Ausman, LM Jalbert, SM Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Vega-Lopez, Sonia Ausman, Lynne M. Jalbert, Susan M. Schaefer, Ernst J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Substitution of a commercial trans fatty acid free cooking oil for a conventional partially hydrogenated fat favorably alters serum lipoprotein profile in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 891 EP 891 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792805604 ER PT J AU Vega-Lopez, S Ausman, LM Jalbert, SM Lichtenstein, AH AF Vega-Lopez, Sonia Ausman, Lynne M. Jalbert, Susan M. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Inter- and intra-individual variability in glycemic index values for white bread determined using standardized procedures SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 18 SU S BP 900 EP 900 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 102EC UT WOS:000241792805642 ER PT J AU Register, KB DeJong, KD AF Register, Karen B. DeJong, Keith D. TI Analytical verification of a multiplex PCR for identification of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida from swine SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bordetella bronchiseptica; Pasteurella multocida; PCR; atrophic rhinitis ID PROGRESSIVE ATROPHIC RHINITIS; HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; TOXIN; STRAINS; PIGS; PERTUSSIS; PROTOCOL; GENES AB Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida are etiologic agents of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) and bronchopneumonia in swine. Only dermonecrotic toxin-producing strains of P. multocida play a role in atrophic rhinitis while both toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains have been associated with pneumonia. Monitoring and investigation of outbreaks involving these bacteria require sensitive and accurate identification and reliable determination of the toxigenic status of P. multocida isolates. In the present study, we report the development, optimization, and performance characteristics of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous amplification of up to three different targets, one common to all P. multocida strains, one found only in toxigenic P. multocida strains, and one common to B. bronchiseptica strains. Based on analysis of 94 P. multocida isolates (31 toxigenic) and 126 B. bronchiseptica isolates assay sensitivity is 100% for all amplicons. Evaluation of 22 isolates of other bacterial genera and species commonly found in the swine respiratory tract demonstrated a specificity of 100% for all gene targets. The limit of detection for simultaneous amplification of all targets is 1-10 pg of DNA per target, corresponding to a few hundred genomes or less. Amplicon mobility in agarose gels and sequence analysis indicate the amplicons are highly stable. The data presented establish this multiplex PCR as a reliable method for identification of B. bronchiseptica and both toxigenic and nontoxigenic P. multocida that may greatly simplify investigations of swine PAR and bronchopneumonia. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2-4 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.05.003 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 094CM UT WOS:000241216900009 PM 16782287 ER PT J AU Burgos, NR Norman, RJ Gealy, DR Black, H AF Burgos, Nilda R. Norman, Richard J. Gealy, David R. Black, Howard TI Competitive N uptake between rice and weedy rice SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biomass production; nitrogen partitioning; nitrogen uptake; red rice; rice; weedy rice ID ORYZA-SATIVA; CULTIVATED RICE; LOWLAND RICE; INTERFERENCE; EFFICIENCY; GROWTH AB Weedy rice, red rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a serious problem in rice-producing areas of the southern U.S. and various regions worldwide. It competes for production inputs, increases weed control cost, reduces yield and grain quality, and could eliminate economic returns. Research was conducted to compare: (i) the relative efficiencies of rice and weedy rice in recovering fertilizer N under a competitive condition, (ii) the accumulation and partitioning of N by rice and weedy rice, and (iii) the N use efficiency of rice and weedy rice. Experiments were conducted in 1999 and 2000 at the Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, Arkansas, USA. Experimental units were arranged in a split-split plot design with N rate (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g m(-2)) as mainplot, plant type (rice and weedy rice) as subplot, and type of shoot tissue (lower leaf, leaf sheath, top leaf, and panicle) as the sub-subplot. 'Drew' rice and strawhull weedy rice were drill-seeded in alternate rows. At 26-27 days after planting, metal collars were driven into the soil to establish two microplots per treatment. Urea labeled with N-15 was applied to dry soil in the microplots immediately before permanent flood. Data were collected at particle initiation (PI) and 2 weeks after heading (WAH). Regardless of growth stage, Drew rice and weedy rice produced equivalent shoot biomass when no fertilizer N was added. At PI, both plant types showed a quadratic response to fertilizer N with respect to biomass production. However, where the response to N was positive, weedy rice accumulated 42 g shoot biomass g(-1) of added N whereas shoot biomass accumulation for Drew was 33 g g(-1) of added N. Overall, weedy rice accumulated more biomass than rice upon addition of N fertilizer. The difference in shoot biomass production between Drew and weedy rice became larger as the growing season progressed. At 2 WAH, weedy rice continued to produce more biomass at the highest N rate, but Drew did not respond substantially to added N. Weedy rice had more culm biomass (55% of total) than Drew (48%). Lower leaves constituted 16-19% of total shoot biomass, flag leaf 6%, and panicles comprised the rest for both plant types. In general, weedy rice accumulated more N, responded to higher N rates, accumulated more N in the panicles, and had a higher N use efficiency (for biomass production) than Drew rice. Weedy rice can accumulate 63% of fertilizer N, 2 WAH. We conclude that weedy rice responds to higher N rates, takes up more N, and has higher N use efficiency for biomass production than rice. Whenever a rice field is heavily infested with weedy rice, controlling weedy rice should be the priority. Otherwise, fertilizer N application (which is more expensive than weedy rice control) is not profitable. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA, ARS, DBNRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Burgos, NR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 1366 W Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM nburgos@uark.edu NR 24 TC 43 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.03.009 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 084VN UT WOS:000240562600003 ER PT J AU Gorsevski, PV Gessler, PE Boll, J Elliot, WJ Foltz, RB AF Gorsevski, Pece V. Gessler, Paul E. Boll, Jan Elliot, William J. Foltz, Randy B. TI Spatially and temporally distributed modeling of landslide susceptibility SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landslide susceptibility; distributed modeling; Monte Carlo simulation; GIS; factor of safety ID SLOPE STABILITY; SOIL-LANDSCAPE; PREDICTION; HAZARD; GIS; ATTRIBUTES; SCALE AB Mapping of landslide susceptibility in forested watersheds is important for management decisions. In forested watersheds, especially in mountainous areas, the spatial distribution of relevant parameters for landslide prediction is often unavailable. This paper presents a GIS-based modeling approach that includes representation of the uncertainty and variability inherent in parameters. In this approach, grid-based tools are used to integrate the Soil Moisture Routing (SMR) model and infinite slope model with probabilistic analysis. The SMR model is a daily water balance model that simulates the hydrology of forested watersheds by combining climate data, a digital elevation model, soil, and land use data. The infinite slope model is used for slope stability analysis and determining the factor of safety for a slope. Monte Carlo simulation is used to incorporate the variability of input parameters and account for uncertainties associated with the evaluation of landslide susceptibility. This integrated approach of dynamic slope stability analysis was applied to the 72-km(2) Pete King watershed located in the Clearwater National Forest in north-central Idaho, USA, where landslides have occurred. A 30-year simulation was performed beginning with the existing vegetation covers that represented the watershed during the landslide year. Comparison of the GIS-based approach with existing models (FSmet and SHALSTAB) showed better precision of landslides based on the ratio of correctly identified landslides to susceptible areas. Analysis of landslide susceptibility showed that (1) the proportion of susceptible and non-susceptible cells changes spatially and temporally, (2) changed cells were a function of effective precipitation and soil storage amount, and (3) cell stability increased over time especially for clear-cut areas as root strength increased and vegetation transitioned to regenerated forest. Our modeling results showed that landslide susceptibility is strongly influenced by natural processes and human activities in space and time; while results from simulated outputs show the potential for decision-making in effective forest planning by using various management scenarios and controlling factors that influence landslide susceptibility. Such a process-based tool could be used to deal with real-dynamic systems to help decision-makers to answer complex landslide susceptibility questions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Gorsevski, PV (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM peceg@uidaho.edu NR 56 TC 48 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 80 IS 3-4 BP 178 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.02.011 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 107PX UT WOS:000242184600003 ER PT J AU Weinstock, GM Robinson, GE Gibbs, RA Worley, KC Evans, JD Maleszka, R Robertson, HM Weaver, DB Beye, M Bork, P Elsik, CG Hartfelder, K Hunt, GJ Zdobnov, EM Amdam, GV Bitondi, MMG Collins, AM Cristino, AS Lattorff, HMG Lobo, CH Moritz, RFA Nunes, FMF Page, RE Simoes, ZLP Wheeler, D Carninci, P Fukuda, S Hayashizaki, Y Kai, C Kawai, J Sakazume, N Sasaki, D Tagami, M Albert, S Baggerman, G Beggs, KT Bloch, G Cazzamali, G Cohen, M Drapeau, MD Eisenhardt, D Emore, C Ewing, MA Fahrbach, SE Foret, S Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP Hauser, F Hummon, AB Huybrechts, J Jones, AK Kadowaki, T Kaplan, N Kucharski, R Leboulle, G Linial, M Littleton, JT Mercer, AR Richmond, TA Rodriguez-Zas, SL Rubin, EB Sattelle, DB Schlipalius, D Schoofs, L Shemesh, Y Sweedler, JV Velarde, R Verleyen, P Vierstraete, E Williamson, MR Ament, SA Brown, SJ Corona, M Dearden, PK Dunn, WA Elekonich, MM Fujiyuki, T Gattermeier, I Gempe, T Hasselmann, M Kadowaki, T Kage, E Kamikouchi, A Kubo, T Kucharski, R Kunieda, T Lorenzen, MD Milshina, NV Morioka, M Ohashi, K Overbeek, R Ross, CA Schioett, M Shippy, T Takeuchi, H Toth, AL Willis, JH Wilson, MJ Gordon, KHJ Letunic, I Hackett, K Peterson, J Felsenfeld, A Guyer, M Solignac, M Agarwala, R Cornuet, JM Monnerot, M Mougel, F Reese, JT Vautrin, D Gillespie, JJ Cannone, JJ Gutell, RR Johnston, JS Eisen, MB Iyer, VN Iyer, V Kosarev, P Mackey, AJ Solovyev, V Souvorov, A Aronstein, KA Bilikova, K Chen, YP Clark, AG Decanini, LI Gelbart, WM Hetru, C Hultmark, D Imler, JL Jiang, HB Kanost, M Kimura, K Lazzaro, BP Lopez, DL Simuth, J Thompson, GJ Zou, Z De Jong, P Sodergren, E Csuros, M Milosavljevic, A Osoegawa, K Richards, S Shu, CL Duret, L Elhaik, E Graur, D Anzola, JM Campbell, KS Childs, KL Collinge, D Crosby, MA Dickens, CM Grametes, LS Grozinger, CM Jones, PL Jorda, M Ling, X Matthews, BB Miller, J Mizzen, C Peinado, MA Reid, JG Russo, SM Schroeder, AJ St Pierre, SE Wang, Y Zhou, PL Jiang, HY Kitts, P Ruef, B Venkatraman, A Zhang, L Aquino-Perez, G Whitfield, CW Behura, SK Berlocher, SH Sheppard, WS Smith, DR Suarez, AV Tsutsui, ND Wei, XH Wheeler, D Havlak, P Li, BS Liu, Y Sodergren, E Jolivet, A Lee, S Nazareth, LV Pu, LL Thorn, R Stolc, V Newman, T Samanta, M Tongprasit, WA Claudianos, C Berenbaum, MR Biswas, S de Graaf, DC Feyereisen, R Johnson, RM Oakeshott, JG Ranson, H Schuler, MA Muzny, D Chacko, J Davis, C Dinh, H Gill, R Hernandez, J Hines, S Hume, J Jackson, L Kovar, C Lewis, L Miner, G Morgan, M Nguyen, N Okwuonu, G Paul, H Santibanez, J Savery, G Svatek, A Villasana, D Wright, R AF Weinstock, George M. Robinson, Gene E. Gibbs, Richard A. Worley, Kim C. Evans, Jay D. Maleszka, Ryszard Robertson, Hugh M. Weaver, Daniel B. Beye, Martin Bork, Peer Elsik, Christine G. Hartfelder, Klaus Hunt, Greg J. Zdobnov, Evgeny M. Amdam, Gro V. Bitondi, Marcia M. G. Collins, Anita M. Cristino, Alexandre S. Lattorff, H. Michael G. Lobo, Carlos H. Moritz, Robin F. A. Nunes, Francis M. F. Page, Robert E., Jr. Simoes, Zila L. P. Wheeler, Diana Carninci, Piero Fukuda, Shiro Hayashizaki, Yoshihide Kai, Chikatoshi Kawai, Jun Sakazume, Naoko Sasaki, Daisuke Tagami, Michihira Albert, Stefan Baggerman, Geert Beggs, Kyle T. Bloch, Guy Cazzamali, Giuseppe Cohen, Mira Drapeau, Mark David Eisenhardt, Dorothea Emore, Christine Ewing, Michael A. Fahrbach, Susan E. Foret, Sylvain Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P. Hauser, Frank Hummon, Amanda B. Huybrechts, Jurgen Jones, Andrew K. Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko Kaplan, Noam Kucharski, Robert Leboulle, Gerard Linial, Michal Littleton, J. Troy Mercer, Alison R. Richmond, Timothy A. Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra L. Rubin, Elad B. Sattelle, David B. Schlipalius, David Schoofs, Liliane Shemesh, Yair Sweedler, Jonathan V. Velarde, Rodrigo Verleyen, Peter Vierstraete, Evy Williamson, Michael R. Ament, Seth A. Brown, Susan J. Corona, Miguel Dearden, Peter K. Dunn, W. Augustine Elekonich, Michelle M. Fujiyuki, Tomoko Gattermeier, Irene Gempe, Tanja Hasselmann, Martin Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko Kage, Eriko Kamikouchi, Azusa Kubo, Takeo Kucharski, Robert Kunieda, Takekazu Lorenzen, Marce D. Milshina, Natalia V. Morioka, Mizue Ohashi, Kazuaki Overbeek, Ross Ross, Christian A. Schioett, Morten Shippy, Teresa Takeuchi, Hideaki Toth, Amy L. Willis, Judith H. Wilson, Megan J. Gordon, Karl H. J. Letunic, Ivica Hackett, Kevin Peterson, Jane Felsenfeld, Adam Guyer, Mark Solignac, Michel Agarwala, Richa Cornuet, Jean Marie Monnerot, Monique Mougel, Florence Reese, Justin T. Vautrin, Dominique Gillespie, Joseph J. Cannone, Jamie J. Gutell, Robin R. Johnston, J. Spencer Eisen, Michael B. Iyer, Venky N. Iyer, Vivek Kosarev, Peter Mackey, Aaron J. Solovyev, Victor Souvorov, Alexandre Aronstein, Katherine A. Bilikova, Katarina Chen, Yan Ping Clark, Andrew G. Decanini, Laura I. Gelbart, William M. Hetru, Charles Hultmark, Dan Imler, Jean-Luc Jiang, Haobo Kanost, Michael Kimura, Kiyoshi Lazzaro, Brian P. Lopez, Dawn L. Simuth, Jozef Thompson, Graham J. Zou, Zhen De Jong, Pieter Sodergren, Erica Csuroes, Miklos Milosavljevic, Aleksandar Osoegawa, Kazutoyo Richards, Stephen Shu, Chung-Li Duret, Laurent Elhaik, Eran Graur, Dan Anzola, Juan M. Campbell, Kathryn S. Childs, Kevin L. Collinge, Derek Crosby, Madeline A. Dickens, C. Michael Grametes, L. Sian Grozinger, Christina M. Jones, Peter L. Jorda, Mireia Ling, Xu Matthews, Beverly B. Miller, Jonathan Mizzen, Craig Peinado, Miguel A. Reid, Jeffrey G. Russo, Susan M. Schroeder, Andrew J. St Pierre, Susan E. Wang, Ying Zhou, Pinglei Jiang, Huaiyang Kitts, Paul Ruef, Barbara Venkatraman, Anand Zhang, Lan Aquino-Perez, Gildardo Whitfield, Charles W. Behura, Susanta K. Berlocher, Stewart H. Sheppard, Walter S. Smith, Deborah R. Suarez, Andrew V. Tsutsui, Neil D. Wei, Xuehong Wheeler, David Havlak, Paul Li, Bingshan Liu, Yue Sodergren, Erica Jolivet, Angela Lee, Sandra Nazareth, Lynne V. Pu, Ling-Ling Thorn, Rachel Stolc, Viktor Newman, Thomas Samanta, Manoj Tongprasit, Waraporn A. Claudianos, Charles Berenbaum, May R. Biswas, Sunita de Graaf, Dirk C. Feyereisen, Rene Johnson, Reed M. Oakeshott, John G. Ranson, Hilary Schuler, Mary A. Muzny, Donna Chacko, Joseph Davis, Clay Dinh, Huyen Gill, Rachel Hernandez, Judith Hines, Sandra Hume, Jennifer Jackson, LaRonda Kovar, Christie Lewis, Lora Miner, George Morgan, Margaret Nguyen, Ngoc Okwuonu, Geoffrey Paul, Heidi Santibanez, Jireh Savery, Glenford Svatek, Amanda Villasana, Donna Wright, Rita CA Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consort TI Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID DROSOPHILA-NINAG OXIDOREDUCTASE; BEETLE TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; BOMBYX-MORI; FRUIT-FLY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS AB Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee Apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. Compared with other sequenced insect genomes, the A. mellifera genome has high A+T and CpG contents, lacks major transposon families, evolves more slowly, and is more similar to vertebrates for circadian rhythm, RNA interference and DNA methylation genes, among others. Furthermore, A. mellifera has fewer genes for innate immunity, detoxification enzymes, cuticle-forming proteins and gustatory receptors, more genes for odorant receptors, and novel genes for nectar and pollen utilization, consistent with its ecology and social organization. Compared to Drosophila, genes in early developmental pathways differ in Apis, whereas similarities exist for functions that differ markedly, such as sex determination, brain function and behaviour. Population genetics suggests a novel African origin for the species A. mellifera and insights into whether Africanized bees spread throughout the New World via hybridization or displacement. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Hum Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Australian Natl Univ, ARC, Special Ctr Mol Genet Dev, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Struct Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Neurosci Program, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Bee Power LP, Navasota, TX 77868 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Genet, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. European Mol Biol Lab, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, D-13125 Berlin, Germany. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Genet, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biol Celular & Mol & Bioagentes Patogenicos, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Pret, Dept Biol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Geneva, Sch Med, CMU, Dept Genet Med & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Matemat & Estatist, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Zool Mol Okol, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Lab Genome Explorat Res Grp, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. Inst Med Strahlenkunde & Zellforsch, D-97078 Wurzburg, Germany. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Prote, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Otago, Dept Biochem, Lab Evolut & Dev, Dunedin, New Zealand. Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Evolut Systemat & Ecol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sudarsky Ctr Computat Biol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Biol Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Biol, Dept Cell Biol & Comparat Zool, Ctr Funct & Comparat Insect Genom, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Free Univ Berlin, FB Biol Chem Pharm, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Oxford, MRC, Funct Genet Unit, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford OX1 3QX, England. CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. MIT, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. CNRS, Lab Evolut Genomes & Speciat, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Fellowship Interpretat Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. INRA, Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. Univ Texas, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Virginia Tech, Bioinformat Facil, Virginia Bioinformat Inst 0477, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Div Genet Genom & Dev, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Softberry Inc, Mt Kisco, NY 10549 USA. Univ Penn, Penn Genom Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Bratislava 84551, Slovakia. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CNRS, Inst Biol Mol & Cellulaire, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Umea Univ, Umea Ctr Mol Pathogenesis, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058517, Japan. Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Childrens Hosp Oakland, BACPAC Resources, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, WM Keck Ctr Behav Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Entomol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NASA, Ames Genome Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Systemix Inst, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Informat & Rech Operat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Oncol Res Inst, Lhospitalet De Llobregat 08907, Catalonia, Spain. INRA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Ctr Rech Sophia Antipolis, UMR 1112, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Weinstock, GM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM gwstock@bcm.edu RI Elsik, Christine/C-4120-2017; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Simoes, Zila/H-7314-2014; Carninci, Piero/K-1568-2014; Hauser, Frank/M-2952-2014; TAKEUCHI, HIDEAKI/G-4969-2014; Miller, Jonathan/M-4389-2014; Kunieda, Takekazu/G-4946-2014; FORET, Sylvain/B-9207-2012; Hultmark, Dan/C-5058-2013; Childs, Kevin/C-9513-2014; zou, zhen/C-6134-2016; Kawai, Jun/A-6451-2016; Kaplan, Noam/A-3544-2011; Cristino, Alexandre/A-5834-2012; Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009; Bitondi, Marcia/E-8014-2012; Thompson, Graham/B-6508-2008; Peinado, Miguel A./A-5591-2008; Schiott, Morten/H-4118-2012; Zdobnov, Evgeny/K-1133-2012; Moritz, Robin/K-6053-2012; Bork, Peer/F-1813-2013; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Oakeshott, John/B-5365-2009; Maleszka, Ryszard/A-6078-2008; Feyereisen, Rene/I-3140-2012; Li, Bingshan/H-1944-2011; Johnson, Reed/H-3742-2011; Jiang, Haobo/A-6519-2008; Dearden, Peter/B-7607-2008; Hartfelder, Klaus/A-4293-2009; Beggs, Kyle/A-5843-2009; Letunic, Ivica/A-6032-2009; Blow, joe/C-8616-2009; Nunes, Francis/F-5871-2010; Lattorff, H. Michael/F-6287-2010; Schlipalius, David/B-8155-2011; Gordon, Karl/A-1976-2008; Foret, Sylvain/C-7661-2011; OI Elsik, Christine/0000-0002-4248-7713; Duret, Laurent/0000-0003-2836-3463; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X; Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis/0000-0001-6486-2046; Claudianos, Charles/0000-0002-9799-9572; Mercer, Alison/0000-0001-8110-4247; Ruef, Barbara/0000-0001-8690-979X; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Carninci, Piero/0000-0001-7202-7243; Hauser, Frank/0000-0001-5563-2345; Hultmark, Dan/0000-0002-6506-5855; Childs, Kevin/0000-0002-3680-062X; zou, zhen/0000-0003-3550-7656; Kaplan, Noam/0000-0001-9940-1987; Cristino, Alexandre/0000-0002-3468-0919; Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922; Bitondi, Marcia/0000-0002-5619-6378; Peinado, Miguel A./0000-0002-4090-793X; Schiott, Morten/0000-0002-4309-8090; Moritz, Robin/0000-0003-0791-887X; Bork, Peer/0000-0002-2627-833X; Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Maleszka, Ryszard/0000-0003-1855-555X; Feyereisen, Rene/0000-0002-9560-571X; Dearden, Peter/0000-0001-7790-9675; Hartfelder, Klaus/0000-0001-7981-8427; Nunes, Francis/0000-0002-7769-3058; Lattorff, H. Michael/0000-0002-8603-6332; Schlipalius, David/0000-0002-8102-7031; Gordon, Karl/0000-0002-4371-0454; Wilson, Megan/0000-0003-3425-5071; Bloch, Guy/0000-0003-1624-4926; Ranson, Hilary/0000-0003-2332-8247; Letunic, Ivica/0000-0003-3560-4288; /0000-0001-5576-2887 NR 180 TC 926 Z9 991 U1 43 U2 361 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7114 BP 931 EP 949 DI 10.1038/nature05260 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 098LZ UT WOS:000241523400044 ER PT J AU Habibi, J Goodman, CL Stuart, MK AF Habibi, Javad Goodman, Cynthia L. Stuart, Melissa K. TI Distribution of elongation factor-1 alpha in larval tissues of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lepidopteran; translation; apoptosis; monoclonal antibody; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); immunofluorescence microscopy ID FACTOR 1-ALPHA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; GENE FAMILY; CELL LINES; EXPRESSION; EF-1-ALPHA; TRANSLATION; ELONGATION-FACTOR-1-ALPHA; STIMULATION; SEQUENCES AB Elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) promotes the delivery of aminoacyl-tRNA to the acceptor site of the ribosome during protein synthesis. The enzyme has a number of additional functions, including regulation of apoptosis and interaction with the cytoskeleton. We determined the distribution of EF-1 alpha in larval tissues of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, with a monoclonal antibody generated to EF-1 alpha from Sf21 cells, a cell line developed from ovarian tissue of S. frugiperda. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that EF-1 alpha comprised 1.9-9.9% of the total protein within the tissues that were examined, which included fat body, Malpighian tubules, midgut, muscle, salivary glands, trachea, and ventral nerve cord. To a certain extent, EF-1 alpha concentrations reflected the expected metabolic activity level of each of the represented tissues. Closer examination by immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that EF-1 alpha concentrations varied among different cell types within a given tissue, i.e. midgut columnar epithelial cells yielded strong signals, while goblet cells failed to react with the EF-1 alpha-specific antibody. C1 AT Still Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Kirksville, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Internal Med, Columbia, MO USA. USDA, ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO USA. RP Habibi, J (reprint author), AT Still Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Kirksville, MO USA. EM habibij@health.missouri.edu; goodmanc@missouri.edu; MStuart@atsu.edu NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 33 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 123CK UT WOS:000243273700001 ER PT J AU Matukumalli, LK Grefenstette, JJ Hyten, DL Choi, IY Cregan, PB Van Tassell, CP AF Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Grefenstette, John J. Hyten, David L. Choi, Ik-Young Cregan, Perry B. Van Tassell, Curtis P. TI SNP-PHAGE - High throughput SNP discovery pipeline SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; TOOL; VISUALIZATION AB Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as defined here are single base sequence changes or short insertion/deletions between or within individuals of a given species. As a result of their abundance and the availability of high throughput analysis technologies SNP markers have begun to replace other traditional markers such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs or microsatellite) markers for fine mapping and association studies in several species. For SNP discovery from chromatogram data, several bioinformatics programs have to be combined to generate an analysis pipeline. Results have to be stored in a relational database to facilitate interrogation through queries or to generate data for further analyses such as determination of linkage disequilibrium and identification of common haplotypes. Although these tasks are routinely performed by several groups, an integrated open source SNP discovery pipeline that can be easily adapted by new groups interested in SNP marker development is currently unavailable. Results: We developed SNP-PHAGE (SNP discovery Pipeline with additional features for identification of common haplotypes within a sequence tagged site (Haplotype Analysis) and GenBank (-dbSNP) submissions. This tool was applied for analyzing sequence traces from diverse soybean genotypes to discover over 10,000 SNPs. This package was developed on UNIX/Linux platform, written in Per1 and uses a MySQL database. Scripts to generate a user-friendly web interface are also provided with common queries for preliminary data analysis. A machine learning tool developed by this group for increasing the efficiency of SNP discovery is integrated as a part of this package as an optional feature. The SNP-PHAGE package is being made available open source at http://bfgl.anri.barc.usda.gov/ML/snp-phage/. Conclusion: SNP-PHAGE provides a bioinformatics solution for high throughput SNP discovery, identification of common haplotypes within an amplicon, and GenBank (dbSNP) submissions. SNP selection and visualization are aided through a user-friendly web interface. This tool is useful for analyzing sequence tagged sites (STSs) of genomic sequences, and this software can serve as a starting point for groups interested in developing SNP markers. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Tassell, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lmatukum@gmu.edu; jgrefens@gmu.edu; hytend@ba.ars.usda.gov; choii@ba.ars.usda.gov; creganp@ba.ars.usda.gov; curtvt@anri.barc.usda.gov RI CHOI, Ik-Young/H-3366-2012; OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD OCT 23 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 468 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-7-468 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 098QV UT WOS:000241538800001 PM 17059604 ER PT J AU James, TY Kauff, F Schoch, CL Matheny, PB Hofstetter, V Cox, CJ Celio, G Gueidan, C Fraker, E Miadlikowska, J Lumbsch, HT Rauhut, A Reeb, V Arnold, AE Amtoft, A Stajich, JE Hosaka, K Sung, GH Johnson, D O'Rourke, B Crockett, M Binder, M Curtis, JM Slot, JC Wang, Z Wilson, AW Schussler, A Longcore, JE O'Donnell, K Mozley-Standridge, S Porter, D Letcher, PM Powell, MJ Taylor, JW White, MM Griffith, GW Davies, DR Humber, RA Morton, JB Sugiyama, J Rossman, AY Rogers, JD Pfister, DH Hewitt, D Hansen, K Hambleton, S Shoemaker, RA Kohlmeyer, J Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B Spotts, RA Serdani, M Crous, PW Hughes, KW Matsuura, K Langer, E Langer, G Untereiner, WA Lucking, R Budel, B Geiser, DM Aptroot, A Diederich, P Schmitt, I Schultz, M Yahr, R Hibbett, DS Lutzoni, F McLaughlin, DJ Spatafora, JW Vilgalys, R AF James, Timothy Y. Kauff, Frank Schoch, Conrad L. Matheny, P. Brandon Hofstetter, Valerie Cox, Cymon J. Celio, Gail Gueidan, Cecile Fraker, Emily Miadlikowska, Jolanta Lumbsch, H. Thorsten Rauhut, Alexandra Reeb, Valerie Arnold, A. Elizabeth Amtoft, Anja Stajich, Jason E. Hosaka, Kentaro Sung, Gi-Ho Johnson, Desiree O'Rourke, Ben Crockett, Michael Binder, Manfred Curtis, Judd M. Slot, Jason C. Wang, Zheng Wilson, Andrew W. Schuessler, Arthur Longcore, Joyce E. O'Donnell, Kerry Mozley-Standridge, Sharon Porter, David Letcher, Peter M. Powell, Martha J. Taylor, John W. White, Merlin M. Griffith, Gareth W. Davies, David R. Humber, Richard A. Morton, Joseph B. Sugiyama, Junta Rossman, Amy Y. Rogers, Jack D. Pfister, Don H. Hewitt, David Hansen, Karen Hambleton, Sarah Shoemaker, Robert A. Kohlmeyer, Jan Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte Spotts, Robert A. Serdani, Maryna Crous, Pedro W. Hughes, Karen W. Matsuura, Kenji Langer, Ewald Langer, Gitta Untereiner, Wendy A. Lucking, Robert Buedel, Burkhard Geiser, David M. Aptroot, Andre Diederich, Paul Schmitt, Imke Schultz, Matthias Yahr, Rebecca Hibbett, David S. Lutzoni, Francois McLaughlin, David J. Spatafora, Joseph W. Vilgalys, Rytas TI Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; LAND PLANTS; TREE; MICROSPORIDIA; SEQUENCES; ANIMALS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA; GLOMEROMYCOTA AB The ancestors of fungi are believed to be simple aquatic forms with flagellated spores, similar to members of the extant phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids). Current classifications assume that chytrids form an early-diverging clade within the kingdom Fungi and imply a single loss of the spore flagellum, leading to the diversification of terrestrial fungi. Here we develop phylogenetic hypotheses for Fungi using data from six gene regions and nearly 200 species. Our results indicate that there may have been at least four independent losses of the flagellum in the kingdom Fungi. These losses of swimming spores coincided with the evolution of new mechanisms of spore dispersal, such as aerial dispersal in mycelial groups and polar tube eversion in the microsporidia ( unicellular forms that lack mitochondria). The enigmatic microsporidia seem to be derived from an endoparasitic chytrid ancestor similar to Rozella allomycis, on the earliest diverging branch of the fungal phylogenetic tree. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Fachbereich Biol, Abt Pflanzenokol & Systemat, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. Duke Univ, Univ Program Genet & Genom, Durham, NC 27708 USA. TH Darmstadt, Inst Bot, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Wales, Inst Biol Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Dyfed, Wales. ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. TechnoSuruga, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1010052, Japan. ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Harvard Univ Hebaria, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers Mycol & Bot, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Tennessee, Dept Bot, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Okayama Univ, Fac Agr, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Univ Kassel, Inst Biol, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. Brandon Univ, Dept Bot, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Adviesbur Bryol Lichenol, NL-3762 XK Soest, Netherlands. Museum Natl Hist Nat, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek & Bot Garten, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. RP James, TY (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM tyj2@duke.edu; fungi@duke.edu RI Wang, Zheng/A-2318-2011; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013; SchuSSler, Arthur/F-1681-2011; Stajich, Jason/C-7297-2008; Cox, Cymon/D-1303-2012; Wynns, Anja/E-5434-2012; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; Schoch, Conrad/J-4825-2012; Lumbsch, Thorsten/K-3573-2012; Binder, Manfred/C-8571-2013; Slot, Jason/E-4802-2011; griffith, gareth/A-1970-2009; Gueidan, Cecile/C-8803-2014; Langer, Ewald/D-8479-2012; OI Wang, Zheng/0000-0002-8849-8549; Stajich, Jason/0000-0002-7591-0020; Cox, Cymon/0000-0002-4927-979X; Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; Lumbsch, Thorsten/0000-0003-1512-835X; Matsuura, Kenji/0000-0002-9099-6694; Amtoft Wynns, Anja/0000-0002-6013-9456; Vilgalys, Rytas/0000-0001-8299-3605 NR 41 TC 869 Z9 929 U1 21 U2 268 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7113 BP 818 EP 822 DI 10.1038/nature05110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 096FJ UT WOS:000241362700042 PM 17051209 ER PT J AU Schneider, DJ May, G Carithers, T Coyle, K Potter, S Endahl, J Robin, L McKenna, M Debrot, K Seymour, J AF Schneider, D. J. May, G. Carithers, T. Coyle, K. Potter, S. Endahl, J. Robin, L. McKenna, M. Debrot, K. Seymour, J. TI Evaluation of a fruit and vegetable distribution program - Mississippi, 2004-05 school year (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 957-961, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CHILDREN C1 Mississippi Dept Educ, Child Nutr Program, Jackson, MS 39205 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. ETR Associates, Scotts Valley, CA USA. Food & Nutr Serv, Off Anal Nutr & Evaluat, USDA, Alexandria, VA USA. CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schneider, DJ (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Educ, Child Nutr Program, Jackson, MS 39205 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 15 BP 1833 EP 1834 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095ST UT WOS:000241329300012 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Hicks, KB AF Moreau, Robert A. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Reinvestigation of the effect of heat pretreatment of corn fiber and corn germ on the levels of extractable tocopherols and tocotrienols SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heat; tocopherol; tocotrienol; roasting; oxidation; hydroperoxide ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-E CONTENT; OIL AB We previously reported that heat pretreatment of corn fiber (150 degrees C, 1 h) caused a tenfold increase in the levels of extractable gamma-tocopherol. The current study was a reinvestigation of the previous effect, using improved methods (HPLC with fluorescence detection, diode-array UV detection, and mass spectrometry) for tocol analysis. Heat pretreatment did not cause an increase in the levels of any of the tocopherols or tocotrienols in corn fiber oil, but lowered the levels of three of the tocols and had no effect on the levels of the other two tocols. Heat pretreatment of corn germ had a similar effect. UV and mass spectra indicated that the peak that we had identified as gamma-tocopherol in our previous report was probably a mixture of oxidation products of triacylglycerols. Thus, heat treatment of corn germ or other corn-oil containing fractions at high temperatures leads to decreases in gamma-tocopherol, gamma-tocotrienol, and delta-tocotrienol and to the production of triacylglycerol oxidation products. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rmoreau@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 21 BP 8093 EP 8102 DI 10.1021/jf061422g PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093HB UT WOS:000241157800022 PM 17032015 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Koskinen, WC Cox, L Rice, PJ Clay, SA Werdin-Pfisterer, NR Norberg, KA AF Papiernik, Sharon K. Koskinen, William C. Cox, Lucia Rice, Pamela J. Clay, Sharon A. Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R. Norberg, Kristen A. TI Sorption-desorption of imidacloprid and its metabolites in soil and vadose zone materials SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; insecticide; leach; partition; pesticide; subsoil; subsurface; transport ID ATRAZINE SORPTION; INCUBATION-TIME; ADSORPTION; DEGRADATION; PARAMETERS; ALACHLOR; EFFICACY; CROPS AB Sorption-desorption is one of the most important processes affecting the leaching of pesticides through soil because it controls the amount of pesticide available for transport. Subsurface soil properties can significantly affect pesticide transport and the potential for groundwater contamination. This research characterized the sorption-desorption of imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2- imidazolidinimine) and three of its metabolites, 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-imidazolidinone (imidacloprid-urea), 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine (imidacloprid-guanidine), and 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl]-1H-imidazol-2-amine (imidacloprid-guanidine-olefin), as a function of changing soil properties with depth in two profiles extending from the surface to a depth of 1.8 or 8 m. Sorption of each compound was highly variable and hysteretic in all cases. Normalizing the sorption coefficients (K-f) to the organic carbon or the clay content of the soil did not reduce the variability in sorption coefficients for any compound. These results illustrate the importance of evaluation of the sorption data used to predict potential mobility. Understanding the variability of soil properties and processes as a function of depth is necessary for accurate prediction of pesticide dissipation. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. CSIC, IRNAS, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM papiernik@morris.ars.usda.gov RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; OI , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 21 BP 8163 EP 8170 DI 10.1021/jf061670c PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093HB UT WOS:000241157800031 PM 17032024 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Hatfield, RD AF Casler, M. D. Hatfield, R. D. TI Cell wall composition of smooth bromegrass plants selected for divergent fiber concentration SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE neutral sugars; lignin; NDF; Bromus inermis ID PHENOTYPIC RECURRENT SELECTION; LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM; ANIMAL NUTRITION; KLASON LIGNIN; DIETARY FIBER; RESPONSES; GRASSES AB Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is considered the single best laboratory predictor of voluntary intake by ruminant livestock, creating interest in using NDF as a selection criterion in forage breeding programs. Because genetic reductions in NDF lead to increases in dry matter digestibility but not to changes in digestibility of the NDF fraction, we postulated that low-NDF plants do not have altered compositions of their cell walls. We tested this hypothesis using clones of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) with divergent NDF concentrations. High-NDF and low-NDF plants did not differ in cell wall concentrations or in the concentrations of any cell wall component ( fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, uronic acids, and lignin). Instead, low-NDF plants had a cell wall that was more susceptible to solubilization in neutral detergent solution, suggesting that their cell walls were less well-developed as compared to high-NDF plants. NDF should not be used as a substitute for cell wall concentration in forage plants. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 21 BP 8206 EP 8211 DI 10.1021/jf060319o PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093HB UT WOS:000241157800037 PM 17032030 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Mastovska, K AF Fan, Xuetong Mastovska, Katerina TI Effectiveness of ionizing radiation in reducing furan and acrylamide levels in foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE furan; acrylamide; ionizing radiation; reduction ID MAILLARD REACTION; AMINO-ACIDS; PRODUCTS; IRRADIATION; MODEL AB Furan and acrylamide are two possible carcinogens commonly found in many thermally processed foods. The possibility of using ionizing radiation to reduce the levels of thermally induced furan and acrylamide in water and selected foods was investigated. Aqueous furan solutions, and foods ( frankfurters, sausages, infant sweet potatoes) that contained furan were irradiated to various doses of gamma-rays. Water and oil spiked with acrylamide and potato chips ( a known acrylamide-containing food) were also irradiated. In addition, possible irradiation-induced formation of acrylamide in glucose and asparagine solutions was analyzed. Results showed that irradiation at 1.0 kGy destroyed almost all furan in water. In frankfurters, sausages, and infant sweet potatoes, the rate of irradiation-induced destruction of furan was much lower than the rate in water, although significant reductions in furan levels were observed in all foods. Irradiation at 2.5-3.5 kGy, doses that can inactivate 5-log of most common pathogens, reduced furan levels in the food samples by 25-40%. Similarly to furan, acrylamide in water was also sensitive to irradiation. After 1.5 kGy of irradiation, most of the acrylamide was degraded. Irradiation, however, had a very limited effect on acrylamide levels in oil and in potato chips, even at a dose of 10 kGy. No detectable acrylamide was formed in the mixture of asparagine and glucose upon irradiation. These results suggest that a low dose of irradiation easily destroys furan and acrylamide in water. In real foods, however, the reduction of furan was less effective than in water, whereas the reduction in acrylamide was minimal. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 21 BP 8266 EP 8270 DI 10.1021/jf061151+ PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093HB UT WOS:000241157800045 PM 17032038 ER PT J AU Fish, WW AF Fish, Wayne W. TI Interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate with watermelon chromoplasts and examination of the organization of lycopene within the chromoplasts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lycopene; watermelon; carotenoids; detergents; SDS; chromoplasts ID BETA-CAROTENE; LUTEIN; SOLUBILIZATION; SPECTRUM; CANCER; STATE AB The properties of plant-derived precipitates of watermelon lycopene were examined in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as part of an ongoing effort to develop simpler, more economical ways to quantify carotenoids in melon fruit. Levels of SDS > 0.2% were found to increase the water solubility of lycopene in the state in which it was isolated from watermelon. Electron microscopy and chemical analyses suggested that the watermelon lycopene as isolated is packaged inside a membrane to form a chromoplast. Spectral peaks in the visible region of the watermelon chromoplasts in SDS exhibited a bathochromic shift from those in organic solvent. Watermelon chromoplasts in SDS exhibited pronounced circular dichroic activity in the visible region. Binding measurements indicated that about 120 molecules of SDS were bound per molecule of lycopene inside the chromoplast; likely, the detergent molecules are bound to the chromoplast membrane. Around 80% of the chromoplast-SDS complexes were retained on a 0.45 mu m membrane filter. Together, these observations are consistent with lycopene in a J-type chiral arrangement inside a membrane to form a chromoplast. The binding of SDS molecules to the chromoplast membrane form a complex that is extensively more water-soluble than the chromoplast alone. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Fish, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Highway 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM wfish-usda@lane-ag.org NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 21 BP 8294 EP 8300 DI 10.1021/jf061468+ PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093HB UT WOS:000241157800049 PM 17032042 ER PT J AU Bunzel, M Ralph, J AF Bunzel, Mirko Ralph, John TI NMR characterization of lignins isolated from fruit and vegetable insoluble dietary fiber SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber; plant cell wall; dioxane-water milled lignin; ball-milling; acidolysis lignin; pear; kiwi; rhubarb; wheat; NMR; HSQC; HMBC; gut fermentation; lignans ID CELLULOLYTIC ENZYME LIGNIN; CELL-WALLS; WOOD LIGNIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; BRAN; ELUCIDATION; ARABIDOPSIS; ADSORPTION; POPLARS; SUBERIN AB Compositional information for lignins in food is rare and concentrated on cereal grains and brans. As lignins are suspected to have important health roles in the dietary fiber complex, the confusing current information derived from nonspecific lignin determination methods needs to be augmented by diagnostic structural studies. For this study, lignin fractions were isolated from kiwi, pear, rhubarb, and, for comparison, wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber. Clean pear and kiwi lignin isolates allowed for substantive structural profiling, but it is suggested that the significance of lignin in wheat has been overestimated by reliance on nonspecific analytical methods. Volume integration of NMR contours in two-dimensional C-13-H-1 correlation spectra shows that pear and wheat lignins have comparable guaiacyl and syringyl contributions and that kiwi lignins are particularly guaiacyl-rich (similar to 94% guaiacyl) and suggest that rhubarb lignins, which could not be isolated from contaminating materials, are as syringyl-rich (similar to 96% syringyl) as lignins from any known natural or transgenic fiber source. Typical lignin structures, including those newly NMR-validated (glycerols, spirodienones, and dibenzo-dioxocins), and resinols implicated as possible mammalian lignan precursors in the gut are demonstrated via their NMR correlation spectra in the fruit and vegetable samples. A novel putative benzodioxane structure appears to be associated with the kiwi lignin. It is concluded that the fruits and vegetables examined contain authentic lignins and that the detailed structural analysis exposes limitations of currently accepted analytical methods. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bunzel, M (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM mirko.bunzel@uni-hamburg.de FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 02781, RR 02301, RR 08438] NR 52 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 21 BP 8352 EP 8361 DI 10.1021/jf061525z PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093HB UT WOS:000241157800058 PM 17032051 ER PT J AU Maekawa, AA Glahn, RP Lei, XG Miller, DD AF Maekawa, Atsushi A. Glahn, Raymond P. Lei, Xin Gen Miller, Dennis D. TI Effect of bread baking on the bioavailability of hydrogen-reduced iron powder added to unenriched refined wheat flour SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; reduced iron; baking; swine model; Caco-2; wheat flour; bread; iron bioavailability ID CELL-CULTURE MODEL; DUODENAL-ULCER PATIENTS; ELEMENTAL IRON; ELECTROLYTIC IRON; FOOD FORTIFICATION; GASTRIC-ACID; ABSORPTION; AVAILABILITY; DIGESTION; PH AB Elemental iron powders are widely used to fortify flour and other cereal products. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that baking enhances the bioavailability of elemental iron powders by oxidizing Fe-0 to Fe2+ or Fe3+. An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model and a piglet model were used to measure bioavailability. Bread flour, either unfortified or fortified with hydrogen-reduced (HR) iron powder or FeSO4 (300 mg Fe/kg flour), was baked into bread. For the in vitro studies, bread samples were treated with pepsin at pH 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 and subsequently incubated with pancreatic enzymes at pH 7 in a chamber positioned above monolayers of cultured Caco-2 cells. Ferritin formation in the cells was used as an index of iron bioavailability. Ferritin formation in cells fed HR Fe bread was similar to cells fed FeSO4 bread when the peptic digestion was conducted at a pH 2 but lower when the peptic phase was conducted at pH 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 (P < 0.05). Pig diets containing 35% dried bread were prepared and fed to cross-bred (Hampshire x Landrace x Yorkshire) anemic pigs in two studies. The rate of increase in hemoglobin Fe over the feeding period was used to calculate relative biological value (RBV), an index of iron bioavailability. In the first pig study, RBV of HR Fe added to flour prior to baking was 47.9% when compared to FeSO4 fortified flour (P < 0.05). In the second pig study, a third treatment consisting of unfortified bread with HR iron added during diet mixing (after bread baking) was included. RBVs of the HR Fe diet (Fe added after baking) and HR Fe diet (Fe added before baking) were 40.1% and 53.5%, respectively, compared to the FeSO4 diet. Differences in RBV between the HR Fe (before and after baking) and FeSO4 (before baking) treatment groups were significant, but the difference between the before and after HR treatment groups was not significant. We conclude that bread baking does not enhance the bioavailability of elemental iron powders. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 21 BP 8362 EP 8368 DI 10.1021/jf0615395 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093HB UT WOS:000241157800059 PM 17032052 ER PT J AU Hunter, WB Katsar, CS Chaparro, JX AF Hunter, W. B. Katsar, C. S. Chaparro, J. X. TI Molecular analysis of capsid protein of Homalodisca coagulata Virus-1, a new leafhopper-infecting virus from the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cicadellidae; Dicistroviridae; Hemiptera; HoCV-1; insect; picorna; ssRNA; H. vitripennis ID PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; BEE PARALYSIS VIRUS; HIMETOBI P-VIRUS; RNA VIRUSES; INSECT; MEMBER; ORGANIZATION; SHOWS AB A new virus that infects and causes increased mortality in leafhoppers was isolated from the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The virus, named Homalodisca coagulata virus-1, HoCV-1, was associated with increased mortality of cultured 5(th) instar H. coagulata. To identify the presence of H. coagulata viral pathogens, cDNA expression libraries were made from adult and nymphs. Analysis using reverse transcriptase PCR demonstrated that the virus was present in midgut tissues. As the viral capsid proteins are commonly used in classification of newly discovered viruses, the capsid proteins (CP) of the virus discovered in H. coagulata was examined. The order of the polyprotein subunits of HoCV-1 capsid proteins was determined to be CP2, CP4, CP3, and CP1. The CP4/ CP3 (AFGL/ GKPK) cleavage boundary site was clearly identified when the sequences were aligned. The putative CP3/ CP1 (ADVQ/ SAFA) cleavage site and the putative CP2/ CP4 (VTMQ/ EQSA) cleavage site of HoCV-1, respectively, were located in the same region as that of the other viruses. After alignment, the CP3/ CP1 cleavage sites and CP2/ CP4 cleavage sites of the viruses analyzed fell within 50 amino acids of one another. As with the cricket paralysis virus, HoCV-1 was found to be mainly comprised of beta-sandwiches in CP1-3 with a jelly roll topological motif. CP4 of HoCV-1 appeared to be mainly alpha-helical in structure. CP1-4 domains are most homologous to insect picorna-like virus coat proteins as was demonstrated by the Results of the BLASTP and PSI-BLAST tests, and is strongly supported by the structural modeling. While sequence homology between the cricket paralysis virus and HoCV-1 was low, the global structure of the proteins was conserved. Sequence identities were analyzed by in silico comparison to known genes in the public database, NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis performed using the optimized protein alignment generated a phylogram containing 5 clades. Clade 1 consisted of Drosophila C virus, Clade 2 consisted of cricket paralysis virus, Clade 3 of Triatoma virus, Plautia stali intestine virus, Himetobi P virus, black queen cell virus, and HoCV-1. Clade 4 encompassed acute bee paralysis virus and Kashmir bee virus, and Clade 5 consisted of Rhopalosiphum padi virus. Analysis of the capsid protein of this new leafhopper virus provided significant evidence that it is related to other ssRNA insect viruses within the Family, Dicistroviridae. The HoCV-1, capsid protein sequence has been deposited in GenBank, Accession number: DQ308403. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM whunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; ckatsar@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; jaguey58@ufl.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD OCT 18 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 28 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 114ED UT WOS:000242648600002 ER PT J AU Dyck, JRB Hopkins, TA Bonnet, S Michelakis, ED Young, ME Watanabe, M Kawase, Y Jishage, KI Lopaschuk, GD AF Dyck, Jason R. B. Hopkins, Teresa A. Bonnet, Sebastien Michelakis, Evangelos D. Young, Martin E. Watanabe, Miho Kawase, Yosuke Jishage, Kou-ichi Lopaschuk, Gary D. TI Absence of malonyl coenzyme a decarboxylase in mice increases cardiac glucose oxidation and protects the heart from ischemic injury SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE drugs; fatty acids; glucose; ischemia; malonyl coenzyme A; metabolism; reperfusion ID FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SUBSTRATE METABOLISM; DEFICIENCY; INHIBITION; CARDIOMYOPATHY; INSULIN; THIOESTERASE-1; REPERFUSION AB Background - Acute pharmacological inhibition of cardiac malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase (MCD) protects the heart from ischemic damage by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation and stimulating glucose oxidation. However, it is unknown whether chronic inhibition of MCD results in altered cardiac function, energy metabolism, or ischemic cardioprotection. Methods and Results - Mcd-deficient mice were produced and assessed for in vivo cardiac function as well as ex vivo cardiac function, energy metabolism, and ischemic tolerance. In vivo and ex vivo cardiac function was similar in wild-type and mcd(-/-) mice. Ex vivo working hearts from mcd(-/-) and wild-type mice displayed no significant differences in rates of fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation, or glycolysis. However, cardiac deletion of mcd resulted in an increased expression of genes regulating fatty acid utilization that may compensate for the loss of MCD protein and likely contributes to the absence of changes in energy metabolism in the aerobic heart. Despite the lack of changes in fatty acid utilization, hearts from mcd(-/-) mice displayed a marked preference for glucose utilization after ischemia, which correlated with a significant cardioprotection of ischemic hearts from mcd(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Conclusions - Deletion of MCD markedly increases glucose oxidation and improves functional recovery of the heart after ischemia. As a result, chronic pharmacological inhibition of MCD may be a viable approach to treat myocardial ischemia. C1 Univ Alberta, Heritage Med Res Ctr 423, Fac Med, Cardiovasc Res Grp,Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Pharmacol, Fac Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Fac Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Chugai Res Inst Med Sci Inc, Komakado Gotemba, Japan. RP Dyck, JRB (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Heritage Med Res Ctr 423, Fac Med, Cardiovasc Res Grp,Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. EM Jason.Dyck@UAlberta.ca; gary.lopaschuk@ualberta.ca FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259] NR 43 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 17 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 16 BP 1721 EP 1728 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.642009 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 095RD UT WOS:000241324600012 PM 17030679 ER PT J AU Menon, V Sarnak, MJ Pereira, AA Levey, AS Greene, T Wang, XL Beck, GJ Kusek, JW Selhub, J Collins, AJ Shlipak, MG AF Menon, Vandana Sarnak, Mark J. Pereira, Arema A. Levey, Andrew S. Greene, Tom Wang, Xuelei Beck, Gerald J. Kusek, John W. Selhub, Jacob Collins, Allan J. Shlipak, Michael G. TI Response to letter regarding article, "Relationship between homocysteine and mortality in chronic kidney disease" SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA; WOMEN; LEVEL C1 Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. RP Menon, V (reprint author), Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 17 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 16 BP E548 EP E548 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.644674 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 095RD UT WOS:000241324600024 ER PT J AU Huang, N Zheng, XJ Zhou, YH Van Pelt, RS AF Huang, Ning Zheng, Xiao Jing Zhou, You-He Van Pelt, R. Scott TI Simulation of wind-blown sand movement and probability density function of liftoff velocities of sand particles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEOLIAN SALTATION; GRAINS; BED; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; COLLISIONS; SPEED; AIR AB [ 1] Accurately describing the probability density function (PDF) of liftoff or initial velocities of wind-blown sand ejecting from a sand bed is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of wind-blown sand movement. Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of developing the PDF of liftoff velocities based on wind tunnel measurements of sand flux and wind speed profile. On the basis of experimental results an optimization algorithm to numerically search for the PDF was developed by multiobjective optimization associated with the saltation model. Through fitting all sets of the PDF numerical results of optimization with the least squares method an empirical formula of the PDF was obtained. To show the efficacy and accuracy of the formula of the PDF obtained using this approach, simulations of the sand flux and wind speed profile using selected PDFs of liftoff velocities were performed with the developed function and functions previously proposed by other researchers. By comparing the suite of predicted PDFs with the experimental measurements we found that although all the predictions agree reasonably well with the measured data, the method proposed herein for obtaining the PDF in this paper results in a more accurate PDF for predicting sand flux and wind speed profile than other tested functions. These results validate the approach of obtaining the PDF of liftoff velocities based on wind tunnel measurements. C1 Lanzhou Univ, Dept Mech, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Mech Western Disaster & Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, USDA, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Huang, N (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Dept Mech, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM huangn@lzu.edu.cn; zhouyh@lzu.edu.cn NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 17 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D20 AR D20201 DI 10.1029/2005JD006559 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100UR UT WOS:000241695300002 ER PT J AU Bahnson, PB Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ladely, SR Mateus-Pinilla, NE AF Bahnson, P. B. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Ladely, S. R. Mateus-Pinilla, N. E. TI Herd-level risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp enterica in US market pigs SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; prevalence; herd-level risk factors; swine; slaughter; lairage ID TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; SLAUGHTER PIGS; SWINE; PREVALENCE; WEIGHT; ASSOCIATIONS; NETHERLANDS; ENVIRONMENT; LAIRAGE; FARMS AB Midwest U.S. herds (n = 63) were studied to identify risk factors for harboring Salmonella enterica among slaughter-weight pigs. Samples collected on farms (feces) and at slaughter (distal colonic content, cecal content and ileocolic lymph nodes) were cultured using conventional means. Approximately 15 pigs were studied per herd, for a total of 3754 samples. The proportion of pigs positive in one or more samples was calculated for each herd. Herd characteristics were described by a combination of interview and written survey. Logistic regression was used to detect relationships between the detection of Salmonella and potential herd-level risk factors. The mean individual pig prevalence was 5% for feces, 4% for distal colonic content, 15% for ileocolic lymph nodes, and 17% for cecal contents. One or more Salmonella isolates were detected in at least one sample type in every herd. The five most common serovars were S. Agona, S. Derby, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Typhimurium and S. Senftenberg, with 25 additional serovars detected. Salmonella prevalence estimates were positively correlated among all samples except distal colonic content and ileocolic lymph nodes. Pigs with culture positive fecal samples were at increased odds of being detected positive for each of the slaughter-collected samples examined, namely distal colonic content (OR = 30.5), ileocolic lymph nodes (OR = 12.9) and cecal content (OR = 23.2). Herds with positive fecal sample(s) had increased odds of having positive cecal content (OR > 1.5), distal colonic content (OR = 15.3) and ileocolic lymph nodes (OR = 12.7). Pigs from herds with at least some bowl drinkers had eight-fold higher odds of testing Salmonella positive than did pigs from herds with only nipple drinkers. Pigs from herds with only dry feeders had five-fold higher odds of testing Salmonella positive when compared with pigs from herds with combinations of wet/dry style feeders. Interventions at these two points should be considered when designing growing pig facilities to reduce Salmonella shedding. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Wildlife & Plant Ecol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Bahnson, PB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med Sci, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pbbahnson@wisc.edu NR 37 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD OCT 17 PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.05.009 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 084YZ UT WOS:000240571600009 PM 16828183 ER PT J AU Makarova, K Slesarev, A Wolf, Y Sorokin, A Mirkin, B Koonin, E Pavlov, A Pavlova, N Karamychev, V Polouchine, N Shakhova, V Grigoriev, I Lou, Y Rohksar, D Lucas, S Huang, K Goodstein, DM Hawkins, T Plengvidhya, V Welker, D Hughes, J Goh, Y Benson, A Baldwin, K Lee, JH Diaz-Muniz, I Dosti, B Smeianov, V Wechter, W Barabote, R Lorca, G Altermann, E Barrangou, R Ganesan, B Xie, Y Rawsthorne, H Tamir, D Parker, C Breidt, F Broadbent, J Hutkins, R O'Sullivan, D Steele, J Unlu, G Saier, M Klaenhammer, T Richardson, P Kozyavkin, S Weimer, B Mills, D AF Makarova, K. Slesarev, A. Wolf, Y. Sorokin, A. Mirkin, B. Koonin, E. Pavlov, A. Pavlova, N. Karamychev, V. Polouchine, N. Shakhova, V. Grigoriev, I. Lou, Y. Rohksar, D. Lucas, S. Huang, K. Goodstein, D. M. Hawkins, T. Plengvidhya, V. Welker, D. Hughes, J. Goh, Y. Benson, A. Baldwin, K. Lee, J. -H. Diaz-Muniz, I. Dosti, B. Smeianov, V. Wechter, W. Barabote, R. Lorca, G. Altermann, E. Barrangou, R. Ganesan, B. Xie, Y. Rawsthorne, H. Tamir, D. Parker, C. Breidt, F. Broadbent, J. Hutkins, R. O'Sullivan, D. Steele, J. Unlu, G. Saier, M. Klaenhammer, T. Richardson, P. Kozyavkin, S. Weimer, B. Mills, D. TI Comparative genomics of the lactic acid bacteria SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolutionary genomics; fermentation ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; RADIATION-RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR CLOCK; COG DATABASE; TRANSFER-RNA; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; ARCHAEAL AB Lactic acid-producing bacteria are associated with various plant and animal niches and play a key role in the production of fermented foods and beverages. We report nine genome sequences representing the phylogenetic and functional diversity of these bacteria. The small genomes of lactic acid bacteria encode a broad repertoire of transporters for efficient carbon and nitrogen acquisition from the nutritionally rich environments they inhabit and reflect a limited range of biosynthetic capabilities that indicate both prototrophic and auxotrophic strains. Phylogenetic analyses, comparison of gene content across the group, and reconstruction of ancestral gene sets indicate a combination of extensive gene loss and key gene acquisitions via horizontal gene transfer during the coevolution of lactic acid bacteria with their habitats. C1 Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Fidel Syst Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. Univ London, Birkbeck Coll, Sch Informat Syst & Comp Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. Joint Gen Inst, US Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biosyst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Toxicol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Koonin, E (reprint author), Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; trk@unity.ncsu.edu; bcweimer@cc.usu.edu; damills@ucdavis.edu RI Barabote, Ravi/B-8727-2011; Broadbent, Jeff/A-9626-2010; Mills, David/G-2282-2011; Barrangou, Rodolphe/I-2878-2014; Barabote, Ravi/C-1299-2017; OI Mirkin, Boris/0000-0001-5470-8635; Broadbent, Jeff/0000-0002-0751-0877; Mills, David/0000-0003-1913-9865; Barrangou, Rodolphe/0000-0002-0648-3504; Barabote, Ravi/0000-0002-0403-246X; Altermann, Eric/0000-0003-1376-1549 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM055434, R01 GM55434] NR 56 TC 673 Z9 3037 U1 30 U2 223 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 17 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 42 BP 15611 EP 15616 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607117103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 097VC UT WOS:000241476200061 PM 17030793 ER PT J AU Sexton, JO Ramsey, RD Bartos, DL AF Sexton, Joseph O. Ramsey, R. Douglas Bartos, Dale L. TI Habitone analysis of quaking aspen in the Utah Book Cliffs: Effects of site water demand and conifer cover SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE landscape ecology; habitat; habitone; niche; gradient analysis; quaking aspen; potential evapotranspiration; water balance; fuzzy logic ID FUZZY; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS; ECOLOGY; MODELS AB Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most widely distributed tree species in North America, but its presence is declining across much of the Western United States. Aspen decline is complex, but results largely from two factors widely divergent in temporal scale: (1) Holocene climatic drying of the region has led to water limitation of aspen seedling recruitment, and (2) anthropogenic fire suppression during the 20th century has allowed shading of aspen clones by fire-intolerant conifers. These processes interact variously and often diffusely, but traditional, binary habitat mapping approaches can only resolve their net effect after complete loss of aspen patches. To provide information for preemptive land management in the Book Cliffs - a biogeographic link between the Utah and Colorado Rocky Mountains and a location experiencing aspen decline typical of the region - we developed a regression-based generalization of niche/habitat analyses that is usable in GIS, is capable of detecting anomalies in cover before complete patch conversion, and can be incorporated smoothly into the decision-making process. We estimated the realized Hutchinsonian niche of quaking aspen to potential evapotranspiration (PET) by nonparametric, likelihood-based regression techniques, projected (continuous) values of aspen's niche expectation and uncertainty geographically, and correlated differences between observed and expected aspen cover to remotely sensed conifer cover. Results confirm the strong constraint of site water demand on aspen cover and suggest that conifer cover decreases aspen cover beneath its expectation given the PET environment. Compared to sites without quaking aspen, our aspen sites have lower PET in every month of the growing season, but the difference increases over the growing season as drought effects become more extreme. Superimposed on this broader environmental constraint, conifer cover displaces aspen cover and shows a positive correlation with model deviance (r = 0.344). Ultimately, the thematic information conserved by our approach allowed us to resolve detailed rasters of management potential and map a modest potential increase of aspen cover - 14.63 ha (0.14%) of the study area, or +2.46% of current aspen cover - within one management cycle. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA. RP Sexton, JO (reprint author), Duke Univ, Levine Sci Res Ctr, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM joseph.sexton@duke.edu RI Ramsey, R. Douglas/D-3504-2009 NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 198 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.024 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095LO UT WOS:000241309400003 ER PT J AU Gullett, BK Touati, A Huwe, J Hakk, H AF Gullett, Brian K. Touati, Abderrahmane Huwe, Janice Hakk, Heldur TI PCDD and PCDF emissions from simulated sugarcane field burning SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AEROSOLS; FOREST; WASTE AB The emissions from simulated sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) field burns were sampled and analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs). Sugarcane leaves from Hawaii and Florida were burned in a manner simulating the natural physical dimensions and biomass density found during the practice of preharvest field burning. Eight composite burn tests consisting of 3-33 kg of biomass were conducted, some with replicate samplers. Emission factor calculations using sampled concentration and measured mass loss compared well to rigorous carbon balance methods commonly used in field sampling. The two sources of sugarcane had distinctive emission levels, as did tests on separate seasonal gatherings of the Florida sugarcane. The average emission factor for two tests of Hawaii sugarcane was 253 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of carbon burned (ng TEQ/kg(Cb)) (rsd = 16%) and for two gatherings of Florida sugarcane was 25 ng TEQ/kg(Cb) (N = 4, rsd = 50%) and 5 ng TEQ/kg(Cb) (N = 2, rsd = 91%). The Hawaii sugarcane, as well as most of the Florida sugarcane, had emission values which were well above the value of 5 ng TEQ/kg(Cb) commonly attributed to biomass combustion. Application of this emission factor range to the amount of U.S. sugarcane fields burned suggests that this practice may be a relatively minor source of PCDDs and PCDFs in the U.S. national inventory, but the limited sample size and range of results make this conclusion tenuous. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA ARS, Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 20 BP 6228 EP 6234 DI 10.1021/es060806k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093TM UT WOS:000241192600012 PM 17120546 ER PT J AU Williams, DG Scott, RL Huxman, TE Goodrich, DC Lin, G AF Williams, D. G. Scott, R. L. Huxman, T. E. Goodrich, D. C. Lin, G. TI Sensitivity of riparian ecosystems in and and semiarid environments to moisture pulses SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; groundwater; woody-plant encroachment; precipitation; net ecosystem carbon exchange; NEE; stable isotopes ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITATION PULSES; SEASONAL PATTERNS; POPULUS-FREMONTII; SOIL TEXTURE; VEGETATION; EXCHANGE AB Structural and functional dynamics of riparian vegetation in and and semiarid basins are controlled by hydrological processes operating at local, landscape and catchment scales. However, the importance of growing-season precipitation as a control on evapotranspiration (ET) and carbon cycling in these ecosystems varies considerably across the riparian landscape, depending largely on access to the near-surface water table. Here we describe key findings from ongoing ecohydrological studies along the Upper San Pedro River (USPR) in semiarid, south-eastern Arizona, USA. Depth to the water table varies substantially across the riparian landscape along the USPR drainage, and is a key factor controlling the sensitivity of cottonwood (Populus fremontii) water-source use, transpiration rate and photosynthetic metabolism to inputs of monsoonal moisture during the growing season. Landscape-scale functional variation in cottonwood forests has been incorporated into spatially explicit ET models for estimating water balance components along the USPR. However, of greater importance for understanding controls on water and carbon exchange processes in the riparian corridor is the conversion of sacaton (Sporobolus spp.) grasslands on pre-entrenchment floodplain terraces to communities dominated by the deep-rooted woody legume, mesquite (Prosopis velutina). Mesquite is now the dominant cover in the riparian corridor and has increased by more than 300% in the USPR basin since 1972. The physiognomic shift from grassland to mesquite woodland on pre-entrenchment floodplain terraces alters the sensitivity of ET and CO2 exchange to inputs of growing-season precipitation. Because mature mesquite shrubs and trees have greater access to groundwater in these habitats than sacaton, ET and gross ecosystem production (GEP) are relatively decoupled from variation in monsoonal precipitation. However, decomposition of litter and soil organic matter in floodplain ecosystems remains highly coupled to monsoonal moisture inputs after mesquite encroachment. Responses of net ecosystem exchange Of CO2 (NEE) to inputs of monsoonal rainfall are therefore not simple, but depend on vegetation composition and the connection of dominant plants to the water table. The heterogeneous vegetation patterns and groundwater depths in the riparian landscape offer unique opportunities for understanding fundamental ecohydrological processes linking carbon and water cycles in both riparian and upland ecosystems. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources & Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Quantitat Vegetat Sci, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Plant Ecol & Biodivers Conservat, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Williams, DG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Dept 3354,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dgw@uwyo.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Williams, David/A-6407-2014; Lin, Guanghui/I-6850-2013 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260; Lin, Guanghui/0000-0001-6108-3215 NR 53 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3191 EP 3205 DI 10.1002/byp.6327 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 097PP UT WOS:000241460700004 ER PT J AU Scott, RL Huxman, TE Cable, WL Emmerich, WE AF Scott, Russell L. Huxman, Travis E. Cable, William L. Emmerich, William E. TI Partitioning of evapotranspiration and its relation to carbon dioxide exchange in a Chihuahuan Desert shrubland SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE woody plant encroachment; evapotranspiration; net ecosystem exchange; Chihuahuan Desert; shrubland; evaporation; transpiration; respiration; gross ecosystem exchange ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; RAIN-USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL-WATER; PRECIPITATION PULSES; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; SEASONAL PATTERNS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE; ELEVATED CO2 AB Key to evaluating the consequences of woody plant encroachment on water and carbon cycling in semiarid ecosystems is a mechanistic understanding of how biological and non-biological processes influence water loss to the atmosphere. To better understand how precipitation is partitioned into the components of evapotranspiration (bare-soil evaporation and plant transpiration) and their relationship to plant uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as ecosystem respiratory efflux, we measured whole plant transpiration, evapotranspiration, and CO2 fluxes over the course of a growing season at a semiarid Chihuahuan Desert shrubland site in south-eastern Arizona. Whole plant transpiration was measured using the heat balance sap-flow method, while evapotranspiration and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) Of CO2 were quantified using the Bowen ratio technique. Before the summer rainy season began, all water and CO2 fluxes were small. At the onset of the rainy season, evapotranspiration was dominated by evaporation and CO2 fluxes were dominated by respiration as it took approximately 10 days for the shrubs to respond to the higher soil moisture content. During the growing season, periods immediately following rain events (<2 days) were dominated by evaporation and respiration while transpiration and CO2 uptake peaked during the interstorm periods. The surface of the coarse, well-drained soils dried quickly, rapidly reducing evaporation. Overall, the ratio of total transpiration to evapotranspiration was 58%, but it was around 70% during the months when the plants were active. Peak respiration responses following rain events generally lagged after the evaporation peak by a couple of days and were better correlated with transpiration. Transpiration and CO2 uptake also decayed rather quickly during interstorm periods, indicating that optimal plant soil moisture conditions were rarely encountered. NEE Of CO2 was increasingly more negative as the growing season progressed, indicating a greater net uptake Of CO2 and greater water use efficiency due mainly to decreases in respiration. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Scott, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 65 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 44 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3227 EP 3243 DI 10.1002/hyp.6329 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 097PP UT WOS:000241460700006 ER PT J AU Seyfried, MS Wilcox, BP AF Seyfried, Mark S. Wilcox, Bradford P. TI Soil water storage and rooting depth: key factors controlling recharge on rangelands SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE streamflow; recharge; water balance; rooting depth; semiarid ID WOODY PLANT ENCROACHMENT; UNITED-STATES; ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION CHANGES; DATABASE; IDAHO; SCALE; ECOHYDROLOGY; ARIZONA; CLIMATE AB The practice of removing woody vegetation to enhance water supply in semiarid rangelands in the United States continues to generate considerable interest, even though past research has yielded apparently contradictory results concerning its efficacy. In an attempt to elucidate the factors that determine whether and how woody vegetation removal affects water supply, we analysed the problem using a water balance approach. In our analysis, deep drainage is the water balance component associated with water supply. Because the herbaceous vegetation that replaces the woody plants generally has a shallower effective rooting depth (R-d), the amount of soil water potentially available for transpiration is reduced and more,is available for deep drainage. The potential increase in deep drainage can be estimated from the capacity of the soil to store plant-available water (S-c) and may be substantial. Our case study on sagebrush rangeland documents how R-d, and consequently S-c, changed after woody vegetation at the site was removed by burning. Using depth profiles of soil water content and matric potential, we showed that the R-d of the post-fire vegetation was about 140 cm, 60 cm less than that of the pre-fire vegetation, and that this resulted in a potential increase in deep drainage of about 6 cm of water-which in semiarid rangelands is substantial. Historical precipitation patterns indicate that there is nearly always sufficient net precipitation to generate the additional 6 cm of deep drainage at this site. However, in most of the area the soil depth is less than 140 cm, so that transpiration and deep drainage would be unaffected by the vegetation change and the overall water supply enhancement would be much less than 6 cm. These results indicate that the change in S-c that may follow woody shrub removal is an important criterion to evaluate sites for vegetation conversion. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS NWRC, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Seyfried, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS NWRC, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM mseyfrie@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3261 EP 3275 DI 10.1002/hyp.6331 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 097PP UT WOS:000241460700008 ER PT J AU Huber-Sannwald, E Maestre, FT Herrick, JE Reynolds, JF AF Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth Maestre, Fernando T. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Reynolds, James F. TI Ecohydrological. feedbacks and linkages associated with land degradation: a case study from Mexico SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE ARIDnet case study; coupled human-environment system; Dahlem Desertification Paradigm; ecohydrological indices; Mexican drylands ID WATER; DESERTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; RANGELANDS; ECOLOGY; SOCIETY; DESERT; MODEL AB Land degradation and desertification are major environmental problems of human societies in drylands of North and South America. Mexico is one of the most severely affected countries. An assessment of how both biophysical and socio-economic processes simultaneously affect, and are affected by, land degradation is recognized as one of the most important and challenging topics in the research on global change. Towards meeting this challenge, in June 2004 an interdisciplinary mix of scientists assembled in Mexico to participate in a workshop convened by the ARIDnet network. The focus of the workshop was to apply a new conceptual framework-the Dahlem Desertification Paradigm (DDP)-to La Amapola, a small rural community located in the Central Plateau of Mexico. The DDP aims to advance understanding of global desertification issues by focusing on the interrelationships within coupled human-environment systems that cause desertification. In this paper we summarize the conclusions of the La Amapola workshop. First, we present a brief review of some of the broader issues and concerns of global desertification, which led to the formation of ARIDnet and to the DDP. Second, we provide an overview of land degradation issues in La Amapola, highlighting examples of hydrological linkages between biophysical and socio-economic factors. Third, we summarize our findings in a conceptual model, which highlights linkages between biophysical and socio-economic factors in La Amapola, and the role of hydrology in desertification. Lastly, we discuss the results derived from the application of the major assertions of the DDP to La Amapola. The numerous feedbacks, linkages, and causal pathways between the biophysical and human dimensions suggest that hydrology is the fundamental component of the livelihoods of rural communities in this region of Mexico, and thus it is of central importance when evaluating desertification. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ingn Ambiental & Manejo Recursos Nat, San Luis Potosi 78231, Mexico. Univ Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Unidad Biodivers & Conservac, Mostoles 28933, Spain. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Environm Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Reynolds, JF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Phytotron Bldg,Box 90340, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM james.f.reynolds@duke.edu RI Reynolds, James/G-6364-2010; Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth/D-2507-2009 OI Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; NR 54 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3395 EP 3411 DI 10.1002/hyp.6337 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 097PP UT WOS:000241460700014 ER PT J AU Gardenas, AI Simunek, J Jarvis, N van Genuchten, MT AF Gardenas, Annemieke I. Simunek, Jirka Jarvis, Nicholas van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Two-dimensional modelling of preferential water flow and pesticide transport from a tile-drained field SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE preferential flow and transport; dual-permeability; pesticide leaching; tile drainage; HYDRUS-2D ID DUAL-POROSITY MODEL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MACROPORE FLOW; WINTER-WHEAT; POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL COLUMNS; CLAY SOIL; MOVEMENT; SIMULATION AB Preferential flow through soil macropores in tile drained soils can significantly increase the risk of pollution of surface water bodies by, agricultural chemicals such as pesticides. While many field studies have shown the importance of preferential flow in tile-drained fields, few have included detailed numerical modelling of the processes involved. The objective of this study was to compare four conceptually different preferential flow and/or transport approaches for their ability to simulate drainage and pesticide teaching to tile drains. The different approaches included an equilibrium approach, using modified hydraulic properties near saturation, and three non-equilibrium approaches: a mobile-immobile solute transport model, a dual-porosity approach, and a dual-permeability formulation. They were implemented into the HYDRUS-2D software package. The model predictions were compared against measurements of drainage and pesticide concentrations made at an undulating, tile-drained field in southern Sweden (Nasbygard) during a period of 6 weeks following spray application of the herbicide MCPA. The dual-permeabitity approach most accurately simulated preferential drainage flow, even though this approach somewhat. overestimated the drainage rates. The equilibrium and mobile-immobile approaches largely failed to capture the preferential flow process. The dual-porosity approach predicted much more distinct and higher drainage flow events as compared to the dual-permeability approach. Differences between measured and simulated tile drainage rates using the dual-permeability approach could be partly explained by water by-passing the tile drains and recharging the deeper aquifer. The dual-permeability and dual-porosity approaches closely captured the dynamics in measured pesticide concentrations. Both the equilibrium and mobile-immobile approaches completely failed to match measured MCPA leaching by underestimating the peak concentrations by more than two orders of magnitude. We conclude that two-dimensional models are suitable tools for studying pesticide leaching from undulating fields with large spatial variability in soil properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gardenas, AI (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, POB 7014, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Annemieke.Gardenas@mv.slu.se; Jiri.Simunek@ucr.edu; Nicholas.Jarvis@mv.slu.se; rvang@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Gardenas, Annemieke/J-9307-2012; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI Gardenas, Annemieke/0000-0001-8390-220X; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 54 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 8 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 329 IS 3-4 BP 647 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.03.021 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 095GC UT WOS:000241295200025 ER PT J AU Zhu, YM Marchal, CC Casbon, AJ Stull, N von Lohneysen, K Knaus, UG Jesaitis, AJ McCormick, S Nauseef, WM Dinauer, MC AF Zhu, Yanmin Marchal, Christophe C. Casbon, Amy-Jo Stull, Natalie von Lohneysen, Katharina Knaus, Ulla G. Jesaitis, Algirdas J. McCormick, Sally Nauseef, William M. Dinauer, Mary C. TI Deletion mutagenesis of p22(phox) subunit of flavocytochrome b(558) - Identification of regions critical for gp91(phox) maturation and nadph oxidase activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; SRC HOMOLOGY-3 DOMAINS; CYTOCHROME-B; NEUTROPHIL CYTOCHROME-B558; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; BINDING-SITE; ACTIVATION; SUPEROXIDE; HEME AB The heterodimeric flavocytochrome b(558), comprised of the two integral membrane proteins p22(phox) and gp91(phox), mediates the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase to generate the superoxide precursor of microbicidal oxidants. This study uses deletion mutagenesis to identify regions of p22(phox) required for maturation of gp91(phox) and for NADPH oxidase activity. N-terminal, C-terminal, or internal deletions of human p22(phox) were generated and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells with transgenes for gp91(phox) and two other NADPH oxidase subunits, p47(phox), and p67(phox). The results demonstrate that p22(phox)-dependent maturation of gp91(phox) carbohydrate, cell surface expression of gp91(phox), and the enzymatic function of flavocytochrome b(558) are closely correlated. Whereas the 5 N-terminal and 25 C-terminal amino acids are dispensable for these functions, the N-terminal 11 amino acids of p22(phox) are required, as is a hydrophilic region between amino acids 65 and 90. Upon deletion of 54 residues at the C terminus of p22(phox) (amino acids 142-195), maturation and cell surface expression of gp91(phox) was still preserved, although NADPH oxidase activity was absent, as expected, due to removal of a proline-rich domain between amino acids 151-160 that is required for recruitment of p47(phox). Antibody binding studies indicate that the extreme N terminus of p22(phox) is inaccessible in the absence of cell permeabilization, supporting a model in which both the N- and C-terminal domains of p22(phox) extend into the cytoplasm, anchored by two membrane-embedded regions. C1 James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Herman B Wells Ctr Pediat Res, Dept Pediat Hematol Oncol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Herman B Wells Ctr Pediat Res, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Herman B Wells Ctr Pediat Res, Dept Med & Mol Genet, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Iowa, Inflammat Program, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Roy J & Lucille A Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. RP Dinauer, MC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Canc Res Inst, 1044 W Walnut St,R4 402C, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM mdinauer@iupui.edu FU BLRD VA [I01 BX000513]; NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA082709]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL45635, HL 53592]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI26711, R01 AI24838, R01 AI34879]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32-DK007519] NR 45 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 13 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 41 BP 30336 EP 30346 DI 10.1074/jbc.M607191200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 092CZ UT WOS:000241075900007 PM 16895900 ER PT J AU Prasad, PVV Boote, KJ Allen, LH AF Prasad, P. V. Vara Boote, Kenneth J. Allen, L. Hartwell, Jr. TI Adverse high temperature effects on pollen viability, seed-set, seed yield and harvest index of grain-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are more severe at elevated carbon dioxide due to higher tissue temperatures SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; climate change; global warming; carbon dioxide; yield ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; HEAT-STRESS; FRUIT-SET; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; CO2 CONCENTRATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SHORT EPISODES; GROWTH; WHEAT AB Global climate change, especially, increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and the associated increases in temperature will have significant impact on the crop production. Grain-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar DeKalb 28E was grown at daytime maximum/nighttime minimum temperature regimes of 32/22, 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34 degrees C at ambient (350 mu mol CO2 mol(-1)) and elevated (700 mu mol CO2 mol(-1)) CO2 from emergence to maturity in controlled environments to quantify the effects of temperature and CO2 on the reproductive processes and yield. Growth temperatures of 40/30 and 44/34 degrees C inhibited particle emergence. Growth temperatures >= 36/26 degrees C significantly decreased pollen production, pollen viability, seed-set, seed yield and harvest index when compared to 32/22 degrees C. Percentage decreases in pollen viability, seed-set, seed yield and harvest index due to elevated temperature were greater at elevated CO2 when compared with ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 increased seed yield (26%) at 32/22 degrees C, but decreased seed yield (10%) at 36/26 degrees C. At high temperatures, elevated CO2 increased vegetative growth but not seed yield, thus, leading to decreased harvest index. We conclude that the adverse effects of elevated temperature on reproductive processes and yield of grain-sorghum were more severe at elevated CO2 than at ambient CO2; and the beneficial effects of elevated CO2 decreased with increasing temperature. The adverse temperature sensitivity of reproductive processes and yield at elevated CO2 was attributed to higher canopy foliage and seed temperatures. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Prasad, PVV (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM vara@ksu.edu RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012; OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 45 TC 114 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 12 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.07.003 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098PW UT WOS:000241536300006 ER PT J AU Eugster, W Burkard, R Holwerda, F Scatena, FN Bruijnzeel, LAS AF Eugster, Werner Burkard, Reto Holwerda, Friso Scatena, Frederick N. Bruijnzeel, L. A. (Sampurno) TI Characteristics of fog and fogwater fluxes in a Puerto Rican elfin cloud forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fog; rain; elfin cloud forest; humid tropics; eddy covariance; flux measurements; deposition ID FULLY-DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; EDDY-CORRELATION TECHNIQUE; PICO DEL OESTE; PARTICLE ACCELERATIONS; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; WATER DEPOSITION; SPRUCE FOREST; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY AB The Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico harbours important fractions of tropical montane cloud forests. Although it is well known that the frequent occurrence of dense fog is a common climatic characteristic of cloud forests around the world, it is poorly understood how fog processes shape and influence these ecosystems. Our study focuses on the physical characteristics of fog and quantifies the fogwater input to elfin cloud forest using direct eddy covariance net flux measurements during a 43-day period in 2002. We used an ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer in combination with a size-resolving cloud droplet spectrometer capable of providing number counts in 40 droplet size classes at a rate of 12.5 times per second. Fog occurred during 85% of the time, and dense fog with a visibility < 200 m persisted during 74% of the period. Fog droplet size depended linearly on liquid water content (r(2) = 0.89) with a volume-weighted mean diameter of 13.8 mu m. Due to the high frequency of occurrence of fog the total fogwater deposition measured with the eddy covariance method and corrected for condensation and advection effects in the persistent upslope air flow, averaged 4.36 mm day(-1), rainfall during the same period was 28 mm day(-1). Thus, our estimates of the contribution of fogwater to the hydrological budget of elfin cloud forests is considerable and higher than in any other location for which comparable data exist but still not a very large component in the hydrological budget. For estimating fogwater fluxes for locations without detailed information about fog droplet distributions we provide simple empirical relationships using visibility data. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ETH, Inst Plant Sci, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Eugster, W (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Hallerstr 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM werner.eugster@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch RI Eugster, Werner/E-5116-2010 OI Eugster, Werner/0000-0001-6067-0741 NR 71 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 12 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 3-4 BP 288 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.07.008 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098PW UT WOS:000241536300009 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, James A. TI Use of a minimally invasive method of measuring leaf stomatal conductance to examine stomatal responses to water vapor pressure difference under field conditions SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stomatal conductance; boundary layer conductance; vapor pressure deficit ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER CONDUCTANCE; BASE-LINE ANALYSIS; INFRARED THERMOMETRY; POROMETRY; HUMIDITY; COMPATIBILITY AB Most methods of measuring the diffusive conductance to water vapor of individual plant leaves potentially change the leaf environment by enclosing part of the leaf in order to measure the rate of water vapor exchange and the driving force for that exchange. There have been questions about whether leaf to air water vapor pressure difference varies sufficiently in extensive crop canopies to be a significant source of variation in stomatal conductance. Here I combined measurements of temperatures of leaves and metal replicas of leaves with the same size and orientation in an energy balance approach to estimate stomatal and boundary layer conductances under field conditions. The method provides a new way to simultaneously determine the in situ environmental conditions and conductances of leaves. Stomatal conductances of upper canopy leaves of three crop species, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris and Zea mays measured with this method were highly correlated with measurements obtained with a steady-state portable photosynthesis system. However, the photosynthesis system often reduced the leaf to air water vapor pressure difference during the measurements sufficiently to increase stomatal conductance. Measurements made with the minimally invasive method indicated that even in extensive maize and soybean canopies, day-to-day variation in the leaf to air water vapor pressure difference at the surface of upper canopy leaves was sufficiently large to cause about a two-fold variation in mean stomatal conductance on different mid-summer afternoons in both species. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM buncej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 12 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.011 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098PW UT WOS:000241536300012 ER PT J AU Liang, XQ Luo, M Holbrook, CC Guo, BZ AF Liang, X. Q. Luo, M. Holbrook, C. C. Guo, B. Z. TI Storage protein profiles in Spanish and runner market type peanuts and potential markers SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L; CULTIVATED PEANUT; PLANTS; L. AB Background: Proteomic analysis has proven to be the most powerful method for describing plant species and lines, and for identification of proteins in complex mixtures. The strength of this method resides in high resolving power of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), coupled with highly sensitive mass spectrometry (MS), and sequence homology search. By using this method, we might find polymorphic markers to differentiate peanut subspecies. Results: Total proteins extracted from seeds of 12 different genotypes of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), comprised of runner market (A. hypogaea ssp. hypogaea) and Spanish-bunch market type (A. hypogaea ssp. fastigiata), were separated by electrophoresis on both one- and twodimensional SDS- PAGE gels. The protein profiles were similar on one- dimensional gels for all tested peanut genotypes. However, peanut genotype A13 lacked one major band with a molecular weight of about 35 kDa. There was one minor band with a molecular weight of 27 kDa that was present in all runner peanut genotypes and the Spanish-derivatives (GT-YY7, GT-YY20, and GTYY79). The Spanish-derivatives have a runner-type peanut in their pedigrees. The 35 kDa protein in A13 and the 27 kDa protein in runner-type peanut genotypes were confirmed on the 2-D SDSPAGE gels. Among more than 150 main protein spots on the 2- D gels, four protein spots that were individually marked as spots 1-4 showed polymorphic patterns between runner- type and Spanishbunch peanuts. Spot 1 (ca. 22.5 kDa, pI 3.9) and spot 2 (ca. 23.5 kDa, pI 5.7) were observed in all Spanish- bunch genotypes, but were not found in runner types. In contrast, spot 3 (ca. 23 kDa, pI 6.6) and spot 4 (ca. 22 kDa, pI 6.8) were present in all runner peanut genotypes but not in Spanishbunch genotypes. These four protein spots were sequenced. Based on the internal and N-terminal amino acid sequences, these proteins are isoforms (iso-Ara h3) of each other, are iso-allergens and may be modified by post- translational cleavage. Conclusion: These results suggest that there may be an association between these polymorphic storage protein isoforms and peanut subspecies fastigiata (Spanish type) and hypogaea (runner type). The polymorphic protein peptides distinguished by 2-D PAGE could be used as markers for identification of runner and Spanish peanuts. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM liang804@yahoo.com; mluo@tifton.uga.edu; holbrook@tifton.usda.gov; bguo@tifton.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD OCT 12 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 24 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-6-24 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150XI UT WOS:000245252500001 PM 17038167 ER PT J AU Rizzi, R Rudorff, BFT Shimabukuro, YE Doraiswamy, PC AF Rizzi, R. Rudorff, B. F. T. Shimabukuro, Y. E. Doraiswamy, P. C. TI Assessment of MODIS LAI retrievals over soybean crop in Southern Brazil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; ABSORBED PAR; LAND-COVER; MISR DATA; FRACTION; YIELD; ALGORITHM; BROADLEAF; PRODUCTS AB In the present paper we have looked into the excessive occurrence of 255 standard fill value retrievals in Collection 4 MODIS LAI product over soybean areas from crop year 2001/2002 to 2004/2005, in Southern Brazil. The 255 standard fill value indicates that no leaf area index (LAI) retrieval was possible for the considered pixel. Time series of eight-day composite LAI images (MOD15A2) and 16-day composite NDVI images (MOD13Q1) were both compared with a soybean reference map derived from multitemporal Landsat images. The Land Cover Type 3 product (MOD12Q1) was also analysed to verify if the occurrence of those retrievals was related to misclassification of the broadleaf crops biome. Results indicated that the 255 standard fill value retrievals in Collection 4 LAI product were mainly related to soybean areas during peak growing season and occurred in every crop year we have studied. Eventual misclassification in the biome map was not the cause of those retrievals in the Collection 4 MODIS LAI product. C1 Natl Inst Space Res, INPE, Remote Sensing Div, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rizzi, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Space Res, INPE, Remote Sensing Div, POB 515, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM rizzi@dsr.inpe.br RI Rizzi, Rodrigo/J-9452-2012 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 19 BP 4091 EP 4100 DI 10.1080/01431160600851850 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100EP UT WOS:000241651000003 ER PT J AU Wu, SCY Meir, YJJ Coates, CJ Handler, AM Pelczar, P Moisyadi, S Kaminski, JM AF Wu, Sareina Chiung-Yuan Meir, Yaa-Jyuhn James Coates, Craig J. Handler, Alfred M. Pelczar, Pawel Moisyadi, Stefan Kaminski, Joseph M. TI piggyBac is a flexible and highly active transposon as compared to Sleeping Beauty, Tol2 and Mos1 in mammalian cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE gene therapy; site-specific; transposase; cancer; mutagenesis ID CANCER GENE DISCOVERY; JAPANESE MEDAKA FISH; AC-LIKE ELEMENT; BACULOVIRUS GENOME; GERM-LINE; IN-VITRO; MUTAGENESIS; INTEGRATION; MARINER; MOUSE AB A nonviral vector for highly efficient site-specific integration would be desirable for many applications in transgenesis, including gene therapy. In this study we directly compared the genomic integration efficiencies of piggyBac, hyperactive Sleeping Beauty (SB11), T612, and Mos1 in four mammalian cell lines. piggyBac demonstrated significantly higher transposition activity in all cell lines whereas Mos1 had no activity. Furthermore, piggyBac transposase coupled to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain retains transposition activity whereas similarly manipulated gene products of T612 and SB11 were inactive. The high transposition activity of piggyBac and the flexibility for molecular modification of its transposase suggest the possibility of using it routinely for mammalian transgenesis. C1 Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Anat Biochem & Physiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Canc Res Ctr, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Lab Anim Sci, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Manoa Transgen Inc, Med Coll Georgia, Life Sci Business Dev Ctr, Augusta, GA 30809 USA. RP Kaminski, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Anat Biochem & Physiol, IBR124,1960 EW Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM moisyadi@hawaii.edu; jkaminski@mcg.edu NR 33 TC 181 Z9 202 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 41 BP 15008 EP 15013 DI 10.1073/pnas.0606979103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 094NX UT WOS:000241247300007 PM 17005721 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Chirukandoth, S Dubey, JP Lunney, JK Gamble, HR AF Hill, Dolores E. Chirukandoth, Sreekumar Dubey, J. P. Lunney, Joan K. Gamble, H. Ray TI Comparison of detection methods for Toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected swine SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swine; Toxoplasma gondii; serology; PCR; bioassay; diagnosis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEROLOGIC TESTS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; UNITED-STATES; PIGS; OOCYSTS; MICE; DNA AB Results from recent serological surveys and epidemiological studies show that pigs raised in a variety of management systems can be carriers of the tissue cyst stage of Toxoplasma gondi. This parasite can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of improperly prepared pork, making detection and removal of infected swine carcasses from the food chain an important food safety issue. Several methods are available for detection of T. gondii infected swine, including serological assays, polymerase chain reaction, and animal bioassays. The aim of the present study was to compare the detection sensitivities of six of these commonly used methods for detection of T. gondii infection in tissues from naturally and experimentally infected pigs. The results indicate that a serum-based ELISA is the most sensitive method, of those tested, for detection of T. gondii infected swine. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Policy & Global Affairs Div, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dhill@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 28 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.05.008 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 092BJ UT WOS:000241071700002 PM 16815636 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Su, C Cortes, JA Sundar, N Gomez-Marin, JE Polo, LJ Zambrano, L Mora, LE Lora, F Jimenez, J Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Zhang, X Nieto, A Thulliez, P AF Dubey, J. P. Su, C. Cortes, J. A. Sundar, N. Gomez-Marin, J. E. Polo, L. J. Zambrano, L. Mora, L. E. Lora, F. Jimenez, J. Kwok, O. C. H. Shen, S. K. Zhang, X. Nieto, A. Thulliez, P. TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats from Colombia, South America and genetic characterization of T-gondii isolates SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; cats; Colombia; South America; feces; antibodies; genotype ID SEROPREVALENCE; TISSUES; OOCYSTS; BRAZIL AB Cats are important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally-resistant oocysts. In the present study, prevalence of T. gondii was determined in serum, feces, and tissues of 170 unwanted cats from Colombia, South America. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 77 of 170 (45.2%) cats with titers of < 1:5 in 93, 1:5 in eight, 1:10 in 17, 1:20 in 10, 1:40 in seven, 1:80 in four, 1:160 in eight, 1:320 in six, and 1:640 or higher in 17 cats. T. gondii oocysts were not found in feces of any cat as ascertained by bioassay in mice. Tissues (brain, heart, tongue) of 116 cats were bioassayed in mice or cats. T. gondii was isolated from tissues of 15 of the 42 cats with titers of 1:40 or higher and not from any of the 90 cats titers of 1:20 or lower. Of the 29 cats whose tissues were bioassayed individually, T. gondii was isolated from the tongues of nine, hearts of eight, and brains of five. Mice inoculated with tissues of 12 of 15 infected cats died of toxoplasmosis; with nine T. gondii isolates all infected mice died. Overall, 65 of 92 (70%) of T. gondii-infected mice died of toxoplasmosis. Genotyping of these 15 isolates using polymorphisms at the SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, and GRA6 loci revealed that three isolates (TgCtCo1, 2, and 7) had Type I alleles and one isolate (TgCtCo8) had Type II allele at all five loci. Eleven isolates contained the combination of Type I and III alleles and were divided into three genotypes, with TgCtCo3,5,6,9,12,13 and 15 had alleles 1, 1, III, I and III, TgCtCo4,10,11 had alleles I, 111, 111, I and I, and TgCtCo14 had alleles I, 111, III, III, and III, at loci SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6, respectively. All infected mice from each group had identical genotype except one mouse infected with TgCtCo5 had a Type III allele at locus BTUB and a unique allele (u-1) at locus SAG I indicating mixed infection for TgCtCo5, whereas the rest seven mice had a Type I alleles at both loci. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Nacl Columbia, Fac Med Vet & Zootec, Parasitol Lab, Sede Bogota, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Quindio, Fac Ciencias Salud, GEPAMOL, Ctr Invest Biomed, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. Inst Puericulture, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013; Gomez-Marin, Jorge/L-9793-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108; Gomez-Marin, Jorge/0000-0001-6472-3329 NR 13 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.037 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 092BJ UT WOS:000241071700005 PM 16797845 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE AF Burke, J. M. Miller, J. E. TI Control of Haemonchus contortus in goats with a sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin ruminal bolus containing copper SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper oxide; goats; Haemonchus contortus; trace element bolus ID OXIDE WIRE PARTICLES; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; COBALT DEFICIENCY; ANGORA-GOATS; SHEEP; LAMBS; NEEDLES; PREVENTION; INFECTION AB The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin ruminal bolus (TEB) containing copper administered to mature does for control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) during summer months and during late gestation. Haemonchus contortus was the predominant nematode during these trials. In Experiment 1, yearling Spanish does were untreated or administered TEB (n = 11/group) on Day 0 (August 2005) prior to breeding. In Experiment 2, Spanish and Boer does were untreated or administered TEB 6 weeks before kidding. Fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were determined weekly between Days 0 and 42. In both experiments, FEC were reduced within 7 days in TEB-treated compared with untreated does. PCV was similar between treatment groups (Experiment 1) or tended to be lower in the TEB group (Experiment 2). GIN control did not persist more than 28 days. These studies suggest that TEB may be an effective means of GIN control in mature goats, but additional control measures may be necessary. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.014 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 092BJ UT WOS:000241071700014 PM 16716521 ER PT J AU Oremus, G Guerrero, FD Alison, MW Kimball, MM Kim, JH Foil, LD AF Oremus, G. Guerrero, F. D. Alison, M. W., Jr. Kimball, M. M. Kim, J. H. Foil, L. D. TI Effects of mid-season avermectin treatments on pyrethroid resistance in horn fly (Diptera : Muscidae) populations at three locations in Louisiana SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horn fly; pyrethroid resistance; resistance management; control ID IRRITANS L DIPTERA; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; FLIES DIPTERA; INSECTICIDES; PERMETHRIN; MUTATIONS; DYNAMICS; KDR AB Between 1999 and 2002, the effect of mid-season doramectin treatments on the level of resistance in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly populations was examined at three separate Louisiana State University Agricultural Center research stations. The cattle were treated with pyrethroid ear tags in all years at all farms, and each farm received a mid-season doramectin treatment in 1 year. The number of weeks of control at Red River was 11 weeks higher in the year following the mid-season treatment of doramectin. At Macon Ridge, the number of weeks of control was 2 weeks higher in the year following the doramectin treatment. No change was observed at St. Joseph. The LC50s for fly populations tested at Macon Ridge and St. Joseph were found to increase for pyrethroids from the spring populations to the fall populations between 2000 and 2002. The LC50s for fly populations at Red River followed the same trends except in 2000, the year when the doramectin treatment was administered. Flies collected pre and post-treatment each year from St. Joseph and Red River were assayed for two alleles (kdr and skdr) associated with target site resistance to pyrethroids. Flies collected pretreatment at Macon Ridge in 1999 also were assayed for the kdr and skdr, and this population of flies had a frequency of 85.6% R-kdr alleles. At St. Joseph and Red River there was a general decline in the frequency of homozygous susceptible skdr (SS-skdr) and homozygous susceptible kdr (SS-kdr) individuals, as well as a general increase in homozygous resistant skdr (RR-skdr) and homozygous resistant kdr (RR-kdr) individuals, during the 4-year study. At both sites, the frequency of R-kdr alleles increased significantly in flies collected in the fall compared to flies collected in the spring with the exception of Red River in 2000, when dormacetin was applied. The frequency of the R-kdr alleles was significantly higher in flies collected in the fall compared to flies collected in the spring in the following year at both sites in two out of three comparisons. The frequency of R-skdr alleles was significantly lower in fly populations tested in the spring compared to fly populations tested in the fall at both farms in years when doramectin was not applied but there were no differences in the years when doramectin was applied. The frequency of R-skdr alleles was significantly higher in fly populations tested in the fall compared to in the spring the following year during all three comparisons at Red River and in one of three comparisons at St. Joseph. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, NE Res Stn, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Red River Res Stn, Bossier City, LA 71113 USA. Rogers State Univ, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. RP Foil, LD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lfoil@agctr.lsu.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.05.009 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 092BJ UT WOS:000241071700017 PM 16769175 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Bates, AH Heath, S King, BC Garbus, BR Harden, LA Miller, WG AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. Bates, Anna H. Heath, Sekou King, Bryan C. Garbus, Brandon R. Harden, Leslie A. Miller, William G. TI Sub-speciating Campylobacter jejuni by proteomic analysis of its protein biomarkers and their post-translational modifications SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; doylei; sub-speciation; MALDI-TOF; proteomics; post-translational modification; bacterial classification; food safety; protein biomarkers ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; WHOLE CELLS; BACTERIA; UPSALIENSIS; HELVETICUS AB We have identified several protein biomarkers of three Campylobacter jejuni strains (RM1221, RM1859, and RM3782) by proteomic techniques. The protein biomarkers identified are prominently observed in the time-of-flight mass spectra (TOF MS) of bacterial cell lysate supernatants ionized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The protein biomarkers identified were: DNA-binding protein HU, translation initiation factor IF-1, cytochrome c 553, a transthyretin-like periplasmic protein, chaperonin GroES, thioredoxin Trx, and ribosomal proteins: L7/L12 (50S), L24 (50S), S16 (30S), L29 (50S), and S15 (30S), and conserved proteins similar to strain NCTC 11168 proteins Cj1164 and Cj1225. The protein biomarkers identified appear to represent high copy, intact proteins. The significant findings are as follows: (1) Biomarker mass shifts between these strains were due to amino acid substitutions of the primary polypeptide sequence and not due to changes in post-translational modifications (PTMs). (2) If present, a PTM of a protein biomarker appeared consistently for all three strains, which supported that the biomarker mass shifts observed between strains were not due to PTM variability. (3) The PTMs observed included N-terminal methionine (N-Met) cleavage as well as a number of other PTMs. (4) It was discovered that protein biomarkers of C. jejuni (as well as other thermophilic Campylobacters) appear to violate the N-Met cleavage rule of bacterial proteins, which predicts N-Met cleavage if the penultimate residue is threonine. Two protein biomarkers (HU and 30S ribosomal protein S16) that have a penultimate threonine residue do not show N-Met cleavage. In all other cases, the rule correctly predicted N-Met cleavage among the biomarkers analyzed. This exception to the N-Met cleavage rule has implications for the development of bioinformatics algorithms for protein/pathogen identification. (5) There were fewer biomarker mass shifts between strains RM1221 and RM1859 compared to strain RM3782. As the mass shifts were due to the frequency of amino acid substitutions (and thus underlying genetic variations), this suggested that strains RM1221 and RM1859 were phylogenetically closer to one another than to strain RM3782 (in addition, a protein biomarker prominent in the spectra of RM1221 and RM1859 was absent from the RM3782 spectrum due to a nonsense mutation in the gene of the biomarker). These observations were confirmed by a nitrate reduction test, which showed that RM1221 and RM1859 were C. jejuni subsp. jejuni whereas RM3782 was C. jejuni subsp. doylei. This result suggests that detection/identification of protein biomarkers by pattern recognition and/or bioinformatics algorithms may easily subspeciate bacterial microorganisms. (6) Finally, the number and variation of PTMs detected in this relatively small number of protein biomarkers suggest that bioinformatics algorithms for pathogen identification may need to incorporate many more possible PTMs than suggested previously in the literature. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cfagerquist@pw.usda.gov NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 BP 2527 EP 2538 DI 10.1021/pr050485w PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 091UF UT WOS:000241053100005 PM 17022624 ER PT J AU Gran, KB Montgomery, DR Sutherland, DG AF Gran, Karen B. Montgomery, David R. Sutherland, Diane G. TI Channel bed evolution and sediment transport under declining sand inputs SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; GRAIN-SIZE; SELECTIVE DEPOSITION; GRAVEL TRANSPORT; FRICTION ANGLE; SHEAR-STRESS; RIVER; FLUME; LOAD; PINATUBO AB [ 1] Coupled field and laboratory investigations explore links between bed surface structure development and sediment transport as sand inputs decline. On the Pasig-Potrero River, we investigated channel recovery following emplacement of sand-rich pyroclastic deposits in the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. As sediment inputs declined from 1996 to 2003, surface grain size increased, clast structures formed, and sediment mobility and bed load transport rates declined. Our field results parallel those from flume experiments studying highly energetic channels with similar sand contents. As the feed mixture shifted from 70% to 40% sand, surface grain size and gravel interactions increased, forming clusters and armor patches. Bed reorganization into patches initially accommodated coarsening with minimal effect on bed load transport rates, roughness, or friction angle within sandy transport zones. As sand declined further, gravel jams interrupted the connectivity of sandy transport zones, lowering transport rates. Patch development lowered the threshold for the transition from sand-dominated to gravel-dominated transport, focusing this transition over a narrow range of sand content. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Gran, KB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Antonys Falls Lab, Natl Ctr Earth Surface Proc, 23rd Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM kgran@umn.edu NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 AR W10407 DI 10.1029/2005WR004306 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 092VJ UT WOS:000241125100001 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Felker, FC Shogren, RL Salch, JH AF Fanta, George F. Felker, Frederick C. Shogren, Randal L. Salch, John H. TI Effect of fatty acid structure on the morphology of spherulites formed from jet cooked mixtures of fatty acids and defatted cornstarch SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; amylose; fatty acid; spherulite; crystallite ID AMYLOSE V COMPLEXES; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; SINGLE CRYSTALS; STARCH; COOKING; POLYMERS; LIPIDS AB Aqueous mixtures of defatted cornstarch and fatty acids were jet cooked and slowly cooled in order to examine the influence of specific fatty acids on spherulite morphology. Addition of 0.7% palmitic acid yielded a spherulite mixture containing 97% of the torus/disc species, having the expected 61 V X-ray diffraction pattern. Linoleic acid, as either the free acid or the partially neutralized sodium salt, yielded spherical/lobed spherulites; and diffraction patterns indicated the 71 V conformation. Oleic acid also yielded largely the spherical/lobed species, consistent with its mono-unsaturated structure. The spherulite mixture with palmitic acid varied with both the pH and the amount of palmitic acid used relative to starch. When palmitic acid was partially neutralized with NaOH, significant quantities of spherical/lobed spherulites were observed in addition to the expected torus/disc species. Increasing the amount of free palmitic acid from 0.7% to 2.5%, based on starch, yielded a spherulite mixture containing 77% spherical/lobed particles. Stearic acid yielded a spherulite mixture that contained only 20% of the torus/disc species and 80% of a lobed species that unexpectedly exhibited a 61 V diffraction pattern. Myristic acid yielded both torus/disc spherulites and a small, narrow-lobed spherulite species that was almost rod-like in appearance. The fact that different spherulite mixtures were observed with fatty acids having similar chemical structures (and also with the same fatty acid under different experimental conditions) indicates that the influence of fatty acid structure on the conformation of the amylose helix is not the only factor controlling spherulite morphology. The variety of different morphologies observed for these particles under different experimental conditions can be explained by the well-known fact that spherulites are formed from chain-folded, crystalline lamellae that have individual chains of complexed amylose oriented perpendicular to the plane of each lamella. Variables that can affect the formation and growth of crystalline lamellae are considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Felker, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM felkerfc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.02.017 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 097KA UT WOS:000241444900008 ER PT J AU Kash, JC Tumpey, TM Proll, SC Carter, V Perwitasari, O Thomas, MJ Basler, CF Palese, P Taubenberger, JK Garcia-Sastre, A Swayne, DE Katze, MG AF Kash, John C. Tumpey, Terrence M. Proll, Sean C. Carter, Victoria Perwitasari, Olivia Thomas, Matthew J. Basler, Christopher F. Palese, Peter Taubenberger, Jeffery K. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Swayne, David E. Katze, Michael G. TI Genomic analysis of increased host immune and cell death responses induced by 1918 influenza virus SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC VIRUS; A VIRUSES; ENHANCED VIRULENCE; GENES; MACROPHAGES; HEMAGGLUTININ; MICE; PATHOGENESIS; MORTALITY; SEGMENT AB The influenza pandemic of 1918 - 19 was responsible for about 50 million deaths worldwide(1). Modern histopathological analysis of autopsy samples from human influenza cases from 1918 revealed significant damage to the lungs with acute, focal bronchitis and alveolitis associated with massive pulmonary oedema, haemorrhage and rapid destruction of the respiratory epithelium(2). The contribution of the host immune response leading to this severe pathology remains largely unknown. Here we show, in a comprehensive analysis of the global host response induced by the 1918 influenza virus, that mice infected with the reconstructed 1918 influenza virus displayed an increased and accelerated activation of host immune response genes associated with severe pulmonary pathology. We found that mice infected with a virus containing all eight genes from the pandemic virus showed marked activation of pro-inflammatory and cell-death pathways by 24 h after infection that remained unabated until death on day 5. This was in contrast with smaller host immune responses as measured at the genomic level, accompanied by less severe disease pathology and delays in death in mice infected with influenza viruses containing only subsets of 1918 genes. The results indicate a cooperative interaction between the 1918 influenza genes and show that study of the virulence of the 1918 influenza virus requires the use of the fully reconstructed virus. With recent concerns about the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses into humans and their potential to cause a worldwide pandemic with disastrous health and economic consequences, a comprehensive understanding of the global host response to the 1918 virus is crucial. Moreover, understanding the contribution of host immune responses to virulent influenza virus infections is an important starting point for the identification of prognostic indicators and the development of novel antiviral therapies. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NCID, Influenza Branch, DVRD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Kash, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jkash@u.washington.edu OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000986-01] NR 26 TC 342 Z9 357 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7111 BP 578 EP 581 DI 10.1038/nature05181 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 090XO UT WOS:000240988200044 PM 17006449 ER PT J AU Himmelsbach, DS Hellgeth, JW McAlister, DD AF Himmelsbach, David S. Hellgeth, John W. McAlister, David D. TI Development and use of an attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FT-IR) spectral database to identify foreign matter in cotton SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE attenuated total reflectance; mid-infrared; FT-IR; spectral matching; upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.); cotton trash; foreign matter; ginning; spinning ID TRASH AB The presence of foreign matter in cotton seriously affects the cotton grade and thus the price per bale paid by the spinner to the grower, the efficiency of the spinning and ginning operations, and the quality of the final woven product. Rapid identification of the nature of the extraneous matter in cotton at each stage of cleaning and processing is necessary to permit actions to eliminate or reduce its presence and improve efficiency and quality. Although several instruments are being successfully employed for the measurement of contamination in cotton fibers based on particle size/weight, no commercial instrument is capable of accurate qualitative identification of contaminants. To this end, ATR/FT-IR spectra of retrieved foreign matter were collected and subsequently rapidly matched to an authentic spectrum in a spectral database. The database includes contaminants typically classified as "trash", cotton plant parts (hull, shale, seed-coat fragments, bract, cacyx, leaf, bark, sticks, and stems) and grass plant parts (leaf and stem); "foreign objects and materials", synthetic materials (plastic bags, film, rubber, bale wrapping and strapping); organic materials (other fibers, yarns, paper, feathers, and leather); plus entomological and physiological sugars and inorganic materials (sand and rust). The spectral matching resulted in consistently high-score identification of the foreign matter based on chemical composition, irrespective of its particle size. The method is envisioned to be employed with stand-alone rugged infrared instrumentation to provide specific identification of extraneous materials in cotton as opposed to only general classification of the type by particle size or shape. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Lab, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Himmelsbach, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dshimmel@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 20 BP 7405 EP 7412 DI 10.1021/jf052949g PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 088EW UT WOS:000240795400001 PM 17002401 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Perez, JM Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Adhvaryu, Atanu Perez, Joseph M. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Biobased grease with improved oxidation performance for industrial application SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vegetable oils; epoxidized vegetable oil; lithium grease; oxidative stability ID OIL-BASED GREASES; SOYBEAN OIL AB Vegetable oils have significant potential as a base fluid and a substitute for mineral oil for grease formulation. This paper describes the preparation of biobased grease with high oxidative stability and a composition useful for industrial, agriculture/ farming equipment, and forestry applications. The process utilizes more oxidatively stable epoxy vegetable oils as the base fluid, metal-soap thickener, and several specialty chemicals identified to address specific applications. Performance characteristics of greases used for industrial and automotive applications are largely dependent on the hardness and the oxidative stability of grease. Grease hardness was determined using standard test methods, and their oxidative stabilities were determined using pressurized differential scanning calorimetry and rotary bomb oxidation tests. Wear data were generated using standard test methods in a four-ball test geometry. Results indicate that grease developed with this method can deliver at par or better performance properties (effective lubrication, wear protection, corrosion resistance, friction reduction, heat removal, etc.) than existing mineral oil-based greases currently used in similar trades. Therefore, developed greases can be a good substitute for mineral oil-based greases in industrial, agriculture, forestry, and marine applications. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 20 BP 7594 EP 7599 DI 10.1021/jf061584c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 088EW UT WOS:000240795400027 PM 17002427 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Lea, JM AF Beaulieu, John C. Lea, Jeanne M. TI Characterization and semiquantitative analysis of volatiles in seedless watermelon varieties using solid-phase microextraction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aroma compounds; flavor; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; melon; solid-phase microextraction; watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] ID CITRULLUS-VULGARIS; TISSUE DISRUPTION; CUCUMIS-MELO; FRUIT; COMPONENTS; CANTALOUPE; CUCUMBERS; QUALITY; FLAVOR; 6-METHYL-5-HEPTEN-2-ONE AB Seedless triploid watermelons have increased in popularity since the early 1990s, and the demand for seedless fruit is on the rise. Sweetness and sugars are crucial breeding focuses for fruit quality. Volatiles also play an important role; yet, we found no literature for seedless varieties and no reports using solid-phase microextraction ( SPME) in watermelon. The objective of this experiment was to identify volatile and semivolatile compounds in five seedless watermelon varieties using carboxen divinylbenzene polydimethylsiloxane solid-phase microextraction ( SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS). Fully ripe watermelon was squeezed through miracloth to produce rapid juice extracts for immediate headspace SPME GC-MS. Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and one furan ( 2-pentyl furan, a lipid oxidation product) were recovered. On the basis of total ion count peak area, the most abundant compounds in five varieties were 3-nonen-1-ol/( E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal ( 16.5-28.2%), ( E)-2-nonenal ( 10.6-22.5%), and ( Z)-6-nonenal ( 2.0-11.3%). Hexanal was most abundant ( 37.7%) in one variety ( Pure Heart). The most abundant ketone was 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one ( 2.7-7.7%). Some sensory attributes reported for these compounds are melon, citrus, cucumber, orange, rose, floral, guava, violet, vegetable, green, grassy, herbaceous, pungent, fatty, sweet, and waxy. Identifying and relating these compounds to sensory attributes will allow for future monitoring of the critical flavor compounds in seedless watermelon after processing and throughout fresh-cut storage. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM beaulieu@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 20 BP 7789 EP 7793 DI 10.1021/jf060663l PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 088EW UT WOS:000240795400053 PM 17002453 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Glahn, RP Yeung, CK Miller, DD AF Zhu, Le Glahn, Raymond P. Yeung, Chi Kong Miller, Dennis D. TI Iron uptake by Caco-2 cells from NaFeEDTA and FeSO4: Effects of ascorbic acid, pH, and a Fe(II) chelating agent SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron bioavailability; iron uptake; NaFeEDTA; ferritin; Caco-2 cells ID ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID; ABSORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; FORTIFICATION; RATS; EDTA; HUMANS; FOOD; FE(III)-EDTA; TRANSPORTER AB Sodium iron( III) ethylenediaminetetraacetate ( NaFeEDTA) has considerable promise as an iron fortificant because of its high bioavailability in foods containing iron absorption inhibitors. In this study, uptakes of iron from NaFeEDTA, FeSO4, and FeCl3 by Caco-2 cells were compared in the absence or presence of ascorbic acid ( AA), an iron absorption enhancer; at selected pH levels; and in the absence or presence of an iron absorption inhibitor, bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid ( BPDS). Ferritin formation in the cells was used as the indicator of iron uptake. Uptake from all three Fe sources was similar in the absence of AA. Adding AA at a 5:1 molar excess as compared to Fe increased uptake by 5.4- ,5.1-, and 2.8- fold for FeSO4, FeCl3, and NaFeEDTA, respectively. The smaller effect of AA on uptake from NaFeEDTA may be related to the higher solubility of NaFeEDTA and/or the strong binding affinity of EDTA for Fe3+, which may prevent AA and duodenal cytochrome b from effectively reducing EDTA-bound Fe. Uptake was inversely related to the pH of the media over a range of 5.8-7.2. Because uptake by DMT-1 is proton-coupled, the inverse relationship between pH and Fe uptake in all three iron sources suggests that they all follow the DMT-1 pathway into the cell. Adding BPDS to the media inhibited uptake from all three iron compounds equally. Because BPDS binds Fe2+ but not Fe3+ and because only Fe2+ is transported by DMT-1, the finding that BPDS inhibited uptake from NaFeEDTA suggests that at least some iron dissociates from EDTA and is reduced just as simple inorganic iron at the brush border membrane of the enterocyte. Taken together, these results suggest that uptake of iron from NaFeEDTA by intestinal enterocytes is regulated similarly to uptake from iron salts. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Hospital, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu NR 43 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 20 BP 7924 EP 7928 DI 10.1021/jf061036z PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 088EW UT WOS:000240795400071 PM 17002471 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Yeung, CK Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Zhu, Le Yeung, Chi Kong Glahn, Raymond P. Miller, Dennis D. TI Iron dissociates from the NaFeEDTA complex prior to or during intestinal absorption in rats SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NaFeEDTA; iron fortification; iron retention; iron distribution; iron excretion; rat ID FISH-SAUCE; FORTIFICATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; DIET; AVAILABILITY; FE(III)-EDTA; DEFICIENCY; TRANSPORT; PROTEIN; HUMANS AB Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate ( NaFeEDTA) has superior iron bioavailability especially in foods containing iron absorption inhibitors. However, mechanisms involved in the absorption and subsequent partitioning of iron complexed with EDTA are poorly understood. Our objectives were to compare retention and tissue distribution of iron administered to rats either as FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA, either orally ( OR) or subcutaneously ( SC). Weanling rats were fed semipurified diets supplemented with either FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA for 7 days. They were then given a meal containing Fe-59-labeled FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA, or they were injected SC with these two forms of radiolabeled Fe. Fe-59 retention was measured by whole body counting. Urine was collected and counted at 24 h intervals throughout the counting period. Tissue samples were analyzed for nonheme iron and Fe-59 activity. Absorption of iron from FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA was similar ( 57.7 and 53.4%, respectively). Seventy-seven percent of the injected Na(59)FeEDTA was excreted in the urine within 24 h, whereas only 0.5, 0.8, and 1.4% of the injected (FeSO4)-Fe-59, oral (FeSO4)-Fe-59, and oral Na(59)FeEDTA, respectively, was excreted in the urine. The nonheme iron content was lower in the liver and spleen, by 56.8 and 28.4%, respectively, among rats consuming the NaFeEDTA diet as compared to rats fed FeSO4. We conclude that iron is dissociated from EDTA prior to or during intestinal absorption and that some fraction of the dissociated EDTA is absorbed separately from the iron. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Hospital, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 20 BP 7929 EP 7934 DI 10.1021/jf0616964 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 088EW UT WOS:000240795400072 PM 17002472 ER PT J AU Li, RW Meyer, MJ Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS Connor, EE Van Amburgh, ME Boisclair, YR Capuco, AV AF Li, Robert W. Meyer, Matthew J. Van Tassell, Curtis. P. Sonstegard, Tad S. Connor, Erin E. Van Amburgh, Michael E. Boisclair, Yves R. Capuco, Anthony V. TI Identification of estrogen-responsive genes in the parenchyma and fat pad of the bovine mammary gland by microarray analysis SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE gene expression; ovariectomy; prepubertal heifer; proliferation; tissue type ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; RECEPTOR TARGET GENES; NF-KAPPA-B; EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION; PREPUBERTAL HEIFERS; CDNA MICROARRAY; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION DATA; GROWTH-HORMONE; ALPHA AB Identification of estrogen-responsive genes is an essential step toward understanding mechanisms of estrogen action during mammary gland development. To identify these genes, 16 prepubertal heifers were used in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment, with ovarian status (intact or ovariectomized) as the first factor and estrogen treatment as the second (control or estradiol). Heifers were ovariectomized at similar to 4.5 mo of age, and estrogen treatments were initiated 1 mo later. After 3 days of treatment, gene expression was analyzed in the parenchyma and fat pad of the bovine mammary gland using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray. Oligonucelotide probes represented 40,808 tentative consensus sequences from TIGR Bos taurus Gene Index and 4,575 singleton expressed sequence tags derived from libraries of pooled mammary gland and gut tissues. Microarray data were analyzed by use of the SAS mixed procedure, with an experiment-wide permutation-based significance level of P < 0.1. Considerable differences in basal gene expression were noted between mammary parenchyma and fat pad. A total of 124 estrogen-responsive genes were identified, with most responding only in the parenchyma or the fat pad. The majority of genes identified were not previously reported to be estrogen responsive. These undoubtedly include genes that are regulated indirectly but also include known estrogen-targeted genes and novel genes with potential estrogen-responsive elements in their promoter regions. The distinctive expression patterns regulated by estrogen in parenchyma and fat pad shed light on the need for both tissues to obtain normal mammary development. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 14,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM acapuco@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 46 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 EI 1531-2267 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD OCT 3 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2006 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 090XJ UT WOS:000240987500005 PM 16788005 ER PT J AU Cannon, SB Sterck, L Rombauts, S Sato, S Cheung, F Gouzy, J Wang, XH Mudge, J Vasdewani, J Scheix, T Spannagl, M Monaghan, E Nicholson, C Humphray, SJ Schoof, H Mayer, KFX Rogers, J Quetier, F Oldroyd, GE Debelle, F Cook, DR Retzel, EF Roe, BA Town, CD Tabata, S Van de Peer, Y Young, ND AF Cannon, Steven B. Sterck, Lieven Rombauts, Stephane Sato, Shusei Cheung, Foo Gouzy, Jerome Wang, Xiaohong Mudge, Joann Vasdewani, Jayprakash Scheix, Thomas Spannagl, Manuel Monaghan, Erin Nicholson, Christine Humphray, Sean J. Schoof, Heiko Mayer, Klaus F. X. Rogers, Jane Quetier, Francis Oldroyd, Giles E. Debelle, Frederic Cook, Douglas R. Retzel, Ernest F. Roe, Bruce A. Town, Christopher D. Tabata, Satoshi Van de Peer, Yves Young, Nevin D. TI Legume genome evolution viewed through the Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus genomes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE polyploidy; synteny; genome duplication ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DUPLICATE GENES; LINKAGE MAP; MODEL; SEQUENCE; MICROSYNTENY; ALIGNMENT; DATABASE; CROP AB Genome sequencing of the model legumes, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, provides an opportunity for large-scale sequence-based comparison of two genomes in the same plant family. Here we report synteny comparisons between these species, including details about chromosome relationships, large-scale synteny blocks, microsynteny within blocks, and genome regions lacking clear correspondence. The Lotus and Medicago genomes share a minimum of 10 large-scale synteny blocks, each with substantial collinearity and frequently extending the length of whole chromosome arms. The proportion of genes syntenic and collinear within each synteny block is relatively homogeneous. Medicago-Lotus comparisons also indicate similar and largely homogeneous gene densities, although gene-containing regions in Mt occupy 20-30% more space than Lj counterparts, primarily because of larger numbers of Mt retrotransposons. Because the interpretation of genome comparisons is complicated by large-scale genome duplications, we describe synteny, synonymous substitutions and phylogenetic analyses to identify and date a probable whole-genome duplication event. There is no direct evidence for any recent large-scale genome duplication in either Medicago or Lotus but instead a duplication predating speciation. Phylogenetic comparisons place this duplication within the Rosid I clade, clearly after the split between legumes and Salicaceae (poplar). C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Kazusa DNA Res Inst, Chiba 2920818, Japan. Inst Gen Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. CNRS, INRA, Lab Interact Plantes Microorganismes, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. INRA, Unite Biometrie & Intelligence Artificielle, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Res Ctr Envirom & Hlth, Informat Ctr Prot Sequences, Inst Bioinformat, Gesell Strahlen & Umweltforsch, D-85764 Neurherberg, Germany. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. Ctr Natl Sequencage, F-91057 Evry, France. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. Ctr Computat Gen & Bioinformat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Young, ND (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM neviny@umn.edu RI Van de Peer, Yves/D-4388-2009; Rombauts, Stephane/D-7640-2014; Sato, Shusei/A-3616-2015; Sterck, Lieven/A-9439-2016; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; OI Van de Peer, Yves/0000-0003-4327-3730; Rombauts, Stephane/0000-0002-3985-4981; Sato, Shusei/0000-0002-0293-5366; Sterck, Lieven/0000-0001-7116-4000; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Gouzy, Jerome/0000-0001-5695-4557 FU Wellcome Trust NR 49 TC 186 Z9 193 U1 1 U2 41 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 3 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 40 BP 14959 EP 14964 DI 10.1073/pnas.0603228103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 092AL UT WOS:000241069300057 PM 17003129 ER PT J AU Halling, SM Jensen, AE AF Halling, Shirley M. Jensen, Allen E. TI Intrinsic and selected resistance to antibiotics binding the ribosome: analyses of Brucella 23S rrn, L4, L22, EF-Tu1, EF-Tu2, efflux and phylogenetic implications SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAMMALS; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; STRUCTURAL BASIS; GENOME SEQUENCE; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; MACROLIDE; ABORTUS AB Background: Brucella spp. are highly similar, having identical 16S RNA. However, they have important phenotypic differences such as differential susceptibility to antibiotics binding the ribosome. Neither the differential susceptibility nor its basis has been rigorously studied. Differences found among other conserved ribosomal loci could further define the relationships among the classical Brucella spp. Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Brucella reference strains and three marine isolates to antibiotics binding the ribosome ranged from 0.032 to > 256 mu g/ml for the macrolides erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin and 2 to > 256 mu g/ml for the lincosamide, clindamycin. Though sequence polymorphisms were identified among ribosome associated loci 23S rrn, rpIV, tuf-1 and tuf-2 but not rpID, they did not correlate with antibiotic resistance phenotypes. When spontaneous erythromycin resistant (ery(R)) mutants were examined, mutation of the peptidyl transferase center (A2058G Ec) correlated with increased resistance to both erythromycin and clindamycin. Brucella efflux was examined as an alternative antibiotic resistance mechanism by use of the inhibitor L-phenylalanine-L-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PA beta N). Erythromycin MIC values of reference and all eryR strains, except the B. suis ery(R) mutants, were lowered variably by PA beta N. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated ribosomal associated loci supported separate evolutionary paths for B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis/B. canis, clustering marine Brucella and B. neotomae with B. melitensis. Though Brucella ovis was clustered with B. abortus, the bootstrap value was low. Conclusion: Polymorphisms among ribosomal loci from the reference Brucella do not correlate with their highly differential susceptibility to erythromycin. Efflux plays an important role in Brucella sensitivity to erythromycin. Polymorphisms identified among ribosome associated loci construct a robust phylogenetic tree supporting classical Brucella spp. designations. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis & Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Halling, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis & Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM shalling@nadc.ars.usda.gov; ajensen@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD OCT 2 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 84 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-6-84 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 096LF UT WOS:000241377900001 PM 17014718 ER PT J AU Gohain, N Thomashow, LS Mavrodi, DV Blankenfeldt, W AF Gohain, Neelakshi Thomashow, Linda S. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Blankenfeldt, Wulf TI The purification, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of FAD-dependent monooxygenase PhzS, a phenazine-modifying enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PYOCYANIN; 1-HYDROXYPHENAZINE; PROTEINS; PIGMENTS; INVITRO AB The blue chloroform-soluble bacterial metabolite pyocyanin (1-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenazine) contributes to the survival and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. Little is known about the two enzymes, designated PhzM and PhzS, that function in the synthesis of pyocyanin from phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. In this study, the FAD-dependent monooxygenase PhzS was purified and crystallized from lithium sulfate/ammonium sulfate/sodium citrate pH 5.5. Native crystals belong to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 144.2, b= 96.2, c= 71.7 angstrom, alpha = gamma = 90, beta = 110.5 degrees. They contain two monomers of PhzS in the asymmetric unit and diffract to a resolution of 2.4 angstrom. Seleno-L-methionine-labelled PhzS also crystallizes in space group C2, but the unit-cell parameters change to a = 70.6, b = 76.2, c = 80.2 angstrom, alpha = gamma = 90, beta = 110.5 degrees and the diffraction limit is 2.7 angstrom. C1 Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Blankenfeldt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Otto Hahn Str 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. EM wulf.blankenfeldt@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Gohain, Neelakshi/P-7493-2015; Blankenfeldt, Wulf/F-8877-2010 OI Blankenfeldt, Wulf/0000-0001-9886-9668 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 62 BP 989 EP 992 DI 10.1107/S1744309106034464 PN 10 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 089WO UT WOS:000240912700013 PM 17012792 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Johnson, LK AF Hunt, Curtiss D. Johnson, LuAnn K. TI Magnesium requirements: new estimations for men and women by cross-sectional statistical analyses of metabolic magnesium balance data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE magnesium intake; magnesium excretion; magnesium balance; magnesium requirement ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DIETARY MAGNESIUM; COPPER-65 ABSORPTION; STATUS INDICATORS; ADULT MALES; CALCIUM; ZINC; RESPONSES; FIBER; VEGETABLES AB Background: Current recommendations for magnesium requirements are based on sparse balance data. Objective: To provide new estimates of the average magnesium requirement for men and women, we pooled magnesium data from 27 different tightly controlled balance studies conducted at the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND. Design: Magnesium balance data (magnesium intake - [fecal magnesium + urinary magnesium]) (664 data points) were collected from 243 subjects (women: n = 150; weight: 71.6 +/- 16.5 kg; age: 51.3 +/- 17.4 y; men: n = 93, weight: 76.3 +/- 12.5 kg; age: 28.1 +/- 8.1 y). Data from the last 6-14 d of each dietary period (>= 28 d) of each study were analyzed and were excluded if individual intakes of calcium. copper, iron, phosphorus, or zinc fell below respective estimated average requirements (EARs) or exceeded 99th percentiles of usual intakes of those elements (iron: above the upper limit) from the 1994 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Daily intakes of magnesium ranged between 84 and 598 mg. The relation between magnesium intake and magnesium output was investigated by fitting random coefficient models. Results: The models predicted neutral magnesium balance [defined as magnesium output (Y) equal to magnesium intake (M)] at magnesium intakes of 165 mg/d [95% prediction interval (Pl): 113, 237 mg/d; Y = 19.8 + 0.880 M], 2.36 mg (.) kg(-1) (.) d(-1) (95% PI-1.581, 3.38 mg (.) kg(-1) (.) d(-1); Y = 0.306 + 0.870 M), or 0.075 mg (.) kcal(-1) (.) d(-1) (95% PI: 0.05, 0.11 mg (.) kcal(-1) (.) d(-1); Y = 0.011 + 0.857 M). Neither age nor sex affected the relation between magnesium intake and output. Conclusion: The findings suggest a lower magnesium requirement for healthy men and women than estimated previously. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM chunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 4 BP 843 EP 852 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 093AX UT WOS:000241140700023 PM 17023712 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Morita, K Qiao, N Hannan, MT Cupples, LA Kiel, DP AF Tucker, Katherine L. Morita, Kyoko Qiao, Ning Hannan, Marian T. Cupples, L. Adrienne Kiel, Douglas P. TI Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bone; epidemiology; cola; phosphoric acid; adults ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY SCALE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; URINARY CALCIUM; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; ELDERLY WOMEN; SOFT DRINKS; RISK-FACTOR; CONSUMPTION AB Background: Soft drink consumption may have adverse effects on bone mineral density (BMD), but studies have shown mixed results. In addition to displacing healthier beverages, colas contain caffeine and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which may adversely affect bone. Objective: We hypothesized that consumption of cola is associated with lower BMD. Design: BMD was measured at the spine and 3 hip sites in 1413 women and 1125 men in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire. We regressed each BMD measure on the frequency of soft drink consumption for men and women after adjustment for body mass index, height, age, energy intake, physical activity score, smoking, alcohol use, total calcium intake, total vitamin D intake, caffeine from noncola sources, season of measurement, and, for women, menopausal status and estrogen use. Results: Cola intake was associated with significantly lower (P < 0.001-0.05) BMD at each hip site, but not the spine, in women but not in men. The mean BMD of those with daily cola intake was 3.7% lower at the femoral neck and 5.4% lower at Ward's area than of those who consumed < I serving cola/mo. Similar results were seen for diet cola and, although weaker, for decaffeinated cola. No significant relations between noncola carbonated beverage consumption and BMD were observed. Total phosphorus intake was not significantly higher in daily cola consumers than in nonconsumers; however, the calcium-to-phosphorus ratios were lower. Conclusions: Intake of cola, but not of other carbonated soft drinks, is associated with low BMD in women. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Tokushima, Grad Sch, Dept Clin Nutr, Inst Hlth Biosci, Tokushima 770, Japan. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged Res & Training Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AR/AG 41398] NR 36 TC 73 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 4 BP 936 EP 942 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 093AX UT WOS:000241140700034 PM 17023723 ER PT J AU Crott, JW AF Crott, Jimmy W. TI Does cigarette smoking induce micronuclei in buccal cells? Reply to AK Nersesyan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ORAL-MUCOSA; CANCER; ASSAY; RISK C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Crott, JW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jimmy.crott@tufts.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 4 BP 947 EP 948 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 093AX UT WOS:000241140700040 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Escobar, J Frank, JW Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Suryawan, Agus Escobar, Jeffery Frank, Jason W. Nguyen, Hanh V. Davis, Teresa A. TI Developmental regulation of the activation of signaling components leading to translation initiation in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE protein synthesis; neonates; AMP-activated protein kinase; raptor; mammalian target of rapamycin ID PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A; AMINO-ACIDS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CARBOXYL METHYLATION; TUBEROUS-SCLEROSIS; MAMMALIAN TARGET; MOLECULAR-BASIS; CELL-GROWTH; S6 KINASE AB The rapid growth of neonates is driven by high rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis. This high rate of protein synthesis, which is induced by feeding, declines with development. Overnight-fasted 7- and 26-day-old pigs either remained fasted or were refed, and the abundance and phosphorylation of growth factor- and nutrient-induced signaling components that regulate mRNA translation initiation were measured in skeletal muscle and liver. In muscle, but not liver, the activation of inhibitors of protein synthesis, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, protein phosphatase 2A, and tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2 increased with age. Serine/threonine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1, which downregulates insulin signaling, and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, were unaffected by age and feeding in muscle and liver. Activation of positive regulators of protein synthesis, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and eIF4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) decreased with age in muscle but not liver. Feeding enhanced mTOR, S6K1, and 4E-BP1 activation in muscle, and this response decreased with age. In liver, activation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1, but not mTOR, was increased by feeding but was unaffected by age. Raptor abundance and the association between raptor and mTOR were greater in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. The results suggest that the developmental decline in skeletal muscle protein synthesis is due in part to developmental regulation of the activation of growth factor and nutrient-signaling components. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, AR-44474] NR 61 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 291 IS 4 BP E849 EP E859 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00069.2006 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 086DQ UT WOS:000240654100022 PM 16757550 ER PT J AU Root, JJ Oesterle, PT Nemeth, NM Klenk, K Gould, DH McLean, RG Clark, L Hall, JS AF Root, J. Jeffrey Oesterle, Paul T. Nemeth, Nicole M. Klenk, Kaci Gould, Daniel H. McLean, Robert G. Clark, Larry Hall, Jeffrey S. TI Experimental infection of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) with West Nile virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; MAMMALS; BIRDS; MOSQUITOS; WILDLIFE AB Tree squirrels (Sciurus spp.) have exhibited high seroprevalence rates, suggesting that they are commonly exposed to West Nile virus (WNV). Many characteristics of WNV infections in tree squirrels, such as the durations and levels of viremia, remain unknown. To better understand WNV infections in fox squirrels (S. niger), we subcutaneously inoculated fourteen fox squirrels with WNV. Peak viremias ranged from 10(4.00) plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL of serum on day 2 post-infection (DPI) to 10(4.98) PFU/mL on 3 DPI, although viremias varied between individuals. Oral secretions of some fox squirrels were positive for WNV viral RNA, occasionally to moderate levels (10(3.2) PFU equivalent/swab). WNV PFU equivalents in organs were low or undetectable on 12 DPI; gross and histologic lesions were rare. The viremia profiles of fox squirrels indicate that they could serve as amplifying hosts in nature. In addition, viral RNA in the oral cavity and feces indicate that this species could contribute to alternative WNV transmission in suburban communities. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov; paul.t.oesterle@aphis.usda.gov; nnemeth@lamar.colostate.edu; kaci.klenk@aphis.usda.gov; daniel.gould@colostate.edu; robert.g.mclean@aphis.usda.gov; larry.clark@aphis.usda.gov; jeffery.s.hall@aphis.usda.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 FU PHS HHS [CDC IAA 03FED12031] NR 24 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 697 EP 701 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100022 PM 17038697 ER PT J AU Stoffregen, WC Olsen, SC Bricker, BJ AF Stoffregen, William C. Olsen, Steven C. Bricker, Betsy J. TI Parenteral vaccination of domestic pigs with Brucella abortus strain RB51 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SWINE BRUCELLOSIS; PCR ASSAY; CATTLE; BISON; EFFICACY; CLEARANCE; SUIS; GENE AB Objective-To determine the immunogenicity and efficacy of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) as a vaccine in domestic pigs. Animals-Sixty-eight 6-week-old crossbred domestic pigs and twenty-four 4-month-old gilts. Procedures-in experiment 1, pigs were vaccinated IM (n = 51) with 2 X 10(10) CFUs of SRB51 or sham inoculated (17). Periodic blood samples were obtained to perform blood cultures, serologic evaluations, and cell-mediated immunity assays. Necropsies were performed at selected times between weeks 1 and 23, after vaccination to determine vaccine clearance. In experiment 2, gilts were similarly vaccinated (n = 18) or sham inoculated (8) and similar samples were obtained after vaccination. Gilts were bred and challenged conjunctivally with 5.0 X 10(7) CFUs of virulent Brucella suis strain 3B. Necropsies were performed on gilts and on fetuses or neonates after abortion or parturition, respectively. Bacterial cultures and serologic evaluations were performed on samples obtained at necropsy to determine vaccine efficacy. Results-Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses did not differ between vaccinates and controls. After vaccination, SRB51 was not isolated from blood cultures of either group and was isolated from lymphoid tissues of 3 pigs at 2 weeks (n = 2) and 4 weeks (1) after vaccination. No differences were found in isolation of B suis or in seroconversion between vaccinated and control gilts and between their neonates or aborted fetuses. Conclusions and Clinical Rellevance-Parenteral vaccination with SRB51 does not induce humoral or cell-mediated immune responses. Vaccination with SRB51 did not protect gilts or their neonates and fetuses from virulent challenge with B suis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stoffregen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 10 BP 1802 EP 1808 DI 10.2460/ajvr.67.10.1802 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 094QO UT WOS:000241254300026 PM 17014337 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA McKelvey, KS Hayden, J Schwartz, MK AF Cushman, Samuel A. McKelvey, Kevin S. Hayden, Jim Schwartz, Michael K. TI Gene flow in complex landscapes: Testing multiple hypotheses with causal modeling SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE connectivity; landscape resistance; least-cost paths; microsatellite; population genetics; Ursus americanus ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; ROE DEER POPULATION; AMPHIBIAN MOVEMENTS; CONNECTIVITY; BLACK; DIFFERENTIATION; FRAGMENTATION; BEARS; CONSERVATION; INDIVIDUALS AB Predicting population-level effects of landscape change depends on identifying factors that influence population connectivity in complex landscapes. However, most putative movement corridors and barriers have not been based on empirical data. In this study, we identify factors that influence connectivity by comparing patterns of genetic similarity among 146 black bears ( Ursus americanus), sampled across a 3,000-km(2) study area in northern Idaho, with 110 landscape-resistance hypotheses. Genetic similarities were based on the pairwise percentage dissimilarity among all individuals based on nine microsatellite loci (average expected heterozygosity = 0.79). Landscape-resistance hypotheses describe a range of potential relationships between movement cost and land cover, slope, elevation, roads, Euclidean distance, and a putative movement barrier. These hypotheses were divided into seven organizational models in which the influences of barriers, distance, and landscape features were statistically separated using partial Mantel tests. Only one of the competing organizational models was fully supported: patterns of genetic structure are primarily related to landscape gradients of land cover and elevation. The alternative landscape models, isolation by barriers and isolation by distance, are not supported. In this black bear population, gene flow is facilitated by contiguous forest cover at middle elevations. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; kmckelvey@fs.fed.us; jhayden@idfg.idaho.gov; mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 64 TC 273 Z9 276 U1 27 U2 157 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 168 IS 4 BP 486 EP 499 DI 10.1086/506976 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 089BS UT WOS:000240855500005 PM 17004220 ER PT J AU Schulze, J Temple, G Temple, SJ Beschow, H Vance, CP AF Schulze, Joachim Temple, Glena Temple, Stephen J. Beschow, Heidrun Vance, Carroll P. TI Nitrogen fixation by white lupin under phosphorus deficiency SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE White lupin; Lupinus albus; nitrogen fixation; P deficiency; H-2 evolution; N-15(2) uptake ID DIFFUSION BARRIER OPERATION; PROTEOID ROOTS; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; SOYBEAN NODULES; P-DEFICIENCY; N-2 FIXATION; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; ENHANCED EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; LEGUME NODULES AB center dot Background and Aims White lupin is highly adapted to growth in a low-P environment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether white lupin grown under P-stress has adaptations in nodulation and N-2 fixation that facilitate continued functioning. center dot Methods Nodulated plants were grown in silica sand supplied with N-free nutrient solution containing 0 to 0.5 mm P. At 21 and 37 d after inoculation (DAI) growth, nodulation, P and N concentration, N-2 fixation (N-15(2) uptake and H-2 evolution), root/nodule net CO2 evolution and CO2 fixation ((CO2)-C-14 uptake) were measured. Furthermore, at 21 DAI in-vitro activities and transcript abundance of key enzymes of the C and N metabolism in nodules were determined. Moreover, nodulation in cluster root zones was evaluated. center dot Key Results Treatment without P led to a lower P concentration in shoots, roots, and nodules. In both treatments, with or without P, the P concentration in nodules was greater than that in the other organs. At 21 DAI nitrogen fixation rates did not differ between treatments and the plants displayed no symptoms of P or N deficiency on their shoots. Although nodule number at 21 DAI increased in response to P-deficiency, total nodule mass remained constant. Increased nodule number in P-deficient plants was associated with cluster root formation. A higher root/nodule CO2 fixation in the treatment without P led to a lower net CO2 release per unit fixed N, although the total CO2 released per unit fixed N was higher in the treatment without P. The higher CO2 fixation was correlated with increased transcript abundance and enzyme activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase in nodules. Between 21 and 37 DAI, shoots of plants grown without P developed symptoms of N- and P-deficiency. By 37 DAI the P concentration had decreased in all organs of the plants treated with no P. At 37 DAI, nitrogen fixation in the treatment without P had almost ceased. center dot Conclusions Enhanced nodulation in cluster root zones and increased potential for organic acid production in root nodules appear to contribute to white lupin's resilience to P-deficiency. C1 Univ Gottingen, Dept Crop Sci, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Viterbo Univ, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Forage Genet Int, W Salem, WI 54669 USA. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Plant Nutr & Soil Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schulze, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Crop Sci, Carl Sprengal Weg 1, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. EM jschulz2@gwdg.de NR 48 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 731 EP 740 DI 10.1093/aob/mcl154 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 090BO UT WOS:000240925800003 PM 16855013 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP AF Hardegree, Stuart P. TI Predicting germination response to temperature. III. Model validation under field-variable temperature conditions SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE temperature; germination; model; Elymus elymoides; Elymus lanceolatus; Poa secunda; Pseudoroegneria spicata ID SUBTROPICAL PASTURE LEGUMES; S-AND-H; SEED-GERMINATION; CONSTANT-TEMPERATURE; ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; GRAIN LEGUMES; RANGE GRASSES; EMERGENCE; REGRESSION AB Background and Aims Two previous papers in this series evaluated model fit of eight thermal-germination models parameterized from constant-temperature germination data. The previous studies determined that model formulations with the fewest shape assumptions provided the best estimates of both germination rate and germination time. The purpose of this latest study was to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of these same models in predicting germination time and relative seedlot performance under field-variable temperature scenarios. Methods The seeds of four rangeland grass species were germinated under 104 variable-temperature treatments simulating six planting dates at three field sites in south-western Idaho. Measured and estimated germination times for all subpopulations were compared for all models, species and temperature treatments. Key Results All models showed similar, and relatively high, predictive accuracy for field-temperature simulations except for the iterative-probit-optimization (IPO) model, which exhibited systematic errors as a function of subpopulation. Highest efficiency was obtained with the statistical-gridding (SG) model, which could be directly parameterized by measured subpopulation rate data. Relative seedlot response predicted by thermal time coefficients was somewhat different from that estimated from mean field-variable temperature response as a function of subpopulation. Conclusions All germination response models tested performed relatively well in estimating field-variable temperature response. IPO caused systematic errors in predictions of germination time, and may have degraded the physiological relevance of resultant cardinal-temperature parameters. Comparative indices based on expected field performance may be more ecologically relevant than indices derived from a broader range of potential thermal conditions. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM shardegr@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1093/aob/mcl163 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 090BO UT WOS:000240925800011 PM 16870642 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Burans, JP Beecher, DJ Cebula, TA Chakraborty, R Cobb, WT Fletcher, J Hale, ML Harris, RB Heitkamp, MA Keller, FP Kuske, C LeClerc, JE Marrone, BL McKenna, TS Morse, SA Rodriguez, LL Valentine, NB Yadev, J AF Budowle, Bruce Schutzer, Steven E. Burans, James P. Beecher, Douglas J. Cebula, Thomas A. Chakraborty, Ranajit Cobb, William T. Fletcher, Jacqueline Hale, Martha L. Harris, Robert B. Heitkamp, Michael A. Keller, Frederick Paul Kuske, Cheryl LeClerc, Joseph E. Marrone, Babetta L. McKenna, Thomas S. Morse, Stephen A. Rodriguez, Luis L. Valentine, Nancy B. Yadev, Jagjit TI Quality sample collection, handling, and preservation for an effective microbial forensics program SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS CONTAMINATION; SPECIMEN COLLECTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; QUANTITATIVE PCR; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; GLYCEROL; BIOTERRORISM; VIABILITY AB Science can be part of an effective investigative response to a bioterrorism event or a biocrime by providing capabilities to analyze biological and associated signatures in collected evidence. Microbial forensics, a discipline comprised of several scientific fields, is dedicated to the analysis of evidence from such criminal acts to help determine the responsible party and to exonerate the innocent (6). A partnership among a number of government agencies, academia, and the private sector has been formed to better respond to and deter potential perpetrators of bioterrorism or biocrimes. This partnership leverages our national scientific and analytical capabilities to support activities of law enforcement agencies. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), whose mission is, in part, to respond to and to prevent acts of terrorism against the United States, has established the National Bioforensics Analysis Center (NBFAC) (4,6). The NBFAC, in partnership with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), (i) provides a state-of-the-art central laboratory for analysis of microbial forensic evidence and (ii) serves as a nexus for integrating the national resources to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement in obtaining the highest level of attribution possible in criminal cases where the weapon is a biological agent. One approach used by the NBFAC to establish a sound foundation, to foster communication, and to facilitate integration across government and other agencies is to promote independent meetings, which address specific needs and provide a forum for input from the broader scientific community, on the best scientific practices in microbial forensics (5). As part of this ongoing effort, a series of meetings sponsored by DHS were held at the Banbury Center of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, to address specific issues for the enhancement of microbial forensic capability. One such meeting, held on 16 to 19 October 2005, focused on the collection, handling, and storage of samples. These issues had been identified at previous meetings (5, 6) as some of the most critical issues confronting a crime scene investigation and subsequent analysis of evidence. The participants represented diverse scientific entities within academia, the private sector, the national laboratories, and several federal agencies (Central Intelligence Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, DHS, FBI, Food and Drug Administration, and U.S. Department of Agriculture), some of which have been involved in evidence collection for purposes related to forensics, public health, or plant and animal health. The collection and preservation of microbial forensic evidence are paramount to efficient and successful investigation and attribution. If evidence (when available) is not collected, degrades, or is contaminated during collection, handling, transport, or storage, the downstream characterization and attribution analyses may be compromised. Retrieving sufficient quantities and maintaining the integrity of the evidence increase the chances of being able to characterize the material to obtain the highest level of attribution possible. This paper presents issues related to the practices of sample collection, handling, transportation, and storage and includes recommendations for future directions for the field of microbial forensics and people participating in it. The recommendations apply to the NBFAC, as well as to other facilities and practitioners. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Fed Bur Invest, Div Labs, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. Dept Homeland Secur, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Cobb Consulting Serv, Kennewick, WA 99336 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Commonwealth Biotechnol Inc, Richmond, VA 23235 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA ARS, FADDL, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Div Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schutzer, SE (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, MSB E543,185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM schutzer@umdnj.edu NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 10 BP 6431 EP 6438 DI 10.1128/AEM.01165-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 093LR UT WOS:000241170300001 PM 17021190 ER PT J AU Laird, DA AF Laird, David A. TI Influence of layer charge on swelling of smectites SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Current Knowledge on the Layer Charge of Clay Minerals CY SEP 18-19, 2004 CL Smolenice, SLOVAKIA SP Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem Slovak, Integrated Ctr Adv Mat & Mole Res DE crystalline swelling; layer charge; smectite; double-layer swelling; co-volume swelling; cation demixing ID LONG-RANGE FORCES; CLAY COLLOIDS; MONTMORILLONITE; MODELS; EXCHANGE AB Six separate processes control the swelling of smectites saturated with alkali and alkaline earth cations in aqueous systems. The basic mechanism and forces controlling each of the processes are different. Crystalline swelling occurs between smectite layers within quasicrystals and involves the intercalation of zero to four discrete layers of water molecules. A balance between strong electrostatic-attraction and hydration-repulsion forces controls crystalline swelling. The extent of crystalline swelling decreases with increasing layer charge. Double-layer swelling occurs between quasicrystals. An electrostatic repulsion force develops when the positively charged diffuse portions of double layers from two quasicrystals overlap in an aqueous suspension. Layer charge has little or no direct effect on double-layer swelling. The break up and formation of quasicrystals is a dynamic process that controls the average size of quasicrystals in an aqueous smectite suspension. As layer charge increases, quasicrystals tend to become larger and more stable. In smectite suspensions with more than one type of exchangeable cation, the cations can demix (e.g., Na and Ca may be segregated in different interlayer regions) due to a complex feed-back between cation exchange selectivity and crystalline swelling. Demixing influences the breakup and formation of quasicrystals because quasicrystals preferentially cleave along interlayers dominated by alkali cations. Increasing layer charge increases selectivity for alkaline earth cations relative to Na or Li, and hence reduces the breakup of quasicrystals. Co-volume swelling is an entropy driven process caused by restrictions on the rotational freedom of suspended quasicrystals. Brownian swelling is also an entropy driven process resulting from random thermal motion of suspended colloids. There is no reason to believe that layer charge directly influences either co-volume or Brownian swelling. Macroscopic measures of swelling (e.g., change in total volume or water content) necessarily measure the combined effect of all swelling processes occurring within the system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM laird@nstl.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 32 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1317 J9 APPL CLAY SCI JI Appl. Clay Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 74 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.clay.2006.01.009 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 109PQ UT WOS:000242321100009 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, Badal C. TI A low-cost medium for mannitol production by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; FRUCTOSE AB The production of mannitol by Lactobacillus intermedius NNRL B-3693 using molasses as an inexpensive carbon source was evaluated. The bacterium produced mannitol (104 g/l) from molasses and fructose syrups (1:1; total sugars, 150 g/l; fructose:glucose 4:1) in 16 h. Several kinds of inexpensive organic and inorganic nitrogen sources and corn steep liquor were evaluated for their potential to replace more expensive nitrogen sources derived from Bacto-peptone and yeast extract. Soy peptone D (5 g/l) and corn steep liquor (50 g/l) were found to be suitable substitutes for Bacto-peptone (5 g/l) and Bacto-yeast extract (5 g/l), respectively. The bacterium produced 105 g mannitol per liter from the molasses and fructose syrup (1:1, total sugars 150 g/l; fructose:glucose 4:1) in 22 h using a combination of soy peptone D (5 g/l) and corn steep liquor (50 g/l). This is the first report on the production of mannitol by fermentation using molasses and corn steep liquor. C1 USDA, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 4 BP 676 EP 680 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0364-z PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 088KC UT WOS:000240809600007 PM 16534610 ER PT J AU Zhou, FY Wang, ML Albert, HH Moore, PH Zhu, YJ AF Zhou, Fengyong Wang, Ming-Li Albert, Henrik H. Moore, Paul H. Zhu, Yun J. TI Efficient transient expression of human GM-CSF protein in Nicotiana benthamiana using potato virus X vector SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HIGH-LEVEL; PLANTS; CELLS; PURIFICATION; SYSTEMS; CLONING; FUSION; GENE AB The human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a glycoprotein with important clinical applications for the treatment of neutropenia and aplastic anemia and reducing infections associated with bone marrow transplants. We evaluated the potential for using a potato virus X (PVX) viral vector system for efficient expression of the biologically functional GM-CSF protein in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The GM-CSF gene was cloned into PVX viral expression vector, driven with the CaMV 35S promoter. Gene transfer was accomplished by inoculating N. benthamiana leaves with the plasmid DNA of PVX vector containing the GM-CSF gene. The expression level of the recombinant GM-CSF protein was determined with ELISA and its size was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that: (1) leaf age significantly affects GM-CSF protein concentration with younger leaves accumulating 19.8 mg g(-1) soluble protein which is 2.6 times the concentration in older leaves, (2) recombinant protein accumulation within a given leaf declined slightly over time but was not significantly different between 7 and 11 days post-inoculation (dpi), and (3) the two leaves immediately above the inoculated leaves play an important role for GM-CSF accumulation in the younger leaves. Protein extracts of infected N. benthamiana leaves contained recombinant human GM-CSF protein in concentrations of up to 2% of total soluble protein, but only when the pair of leaves immediately above the inoculated leaves remained intact. The recombinant protein actively stimulated the growth of human TF-1 cells suggesting that the recombinant human GM-CSF expressed via PVX viral vector was biologically active. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Ajea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, Pacifin Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Zhu, YJ (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Ajea, HI 96701 USA. EM jzhu@harc-hspa.com NR 36 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 4 BP 756 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-0305-2 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 088KC UT WOS:000240809600018 PM 16612640 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Dien, BS Gorsich, SW Liu, ZL AF Slininger, Patricia J. Dien, Bruce S. Gorsich, Steven W. Liu, Zonglin L. TI Nitrogen source and mineral optimization enhance D-xylose conversion to ethanol by the yeast Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; LIMITATION; NUTRIENTS; KINETICS; BIOMASS AB Nutrition-based strategies to optimize xylose to ethanol conversion by Pichia stipitis were identified in growing and stationary-phase cultures provided with a defined medium varied in nitrogen, vitamin, purine/pyrimidine, and mineral content via full or partial factorial designs. It is surprising to note that stationary-phase cultures were unable to ferment xylose (or glucose) to ethanol without the addition of a nitrogen source, such as amino acids. Ethanol accumulation increased with arginine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, leucine, and tyrosine, but declined with isoleucine. Ethanol production from 150 g/l xylose was maximized (61 +/- 9 g/l) by providing C:N in the vicinity of similar to 57-126:1 and optimizing the combination of urea and amino acids to supply 40-80 % nitrogen from urea and 60-20 % from amino acids (casamino acids supplemented with tryptophan and cysteine). When either urea or amino acids were used as sole nitrogen source, ethanol accumulation dropped to 11 or 24 g/l, respectively, from the maximum of 46 g/l for the optimal nitrogen combination. The interaction of minerals with amino acids and/or urea was key to optimizing ethanol production by cells in both growing and stationary-phase cultures. In nongrowing cultures supplied with nitrogen as amino acids, ethanol concentration increased from 24 to 54 g/l with the addition of an optimized mineral supplement of Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Zn, and others. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM slininpj@ncaur.usda.gov OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1296 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0435-1 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 094FI UT WOS:000241224600023 PM 16676180 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Chen, YR Kang, S Kim, I Lefcourt, AM Kim, M AF Kim, Moon S. Chen, Yud-Ren Kang, Sukwon Kim, Intaek Lefcourt, Alan M. Kim, Moonjohn TI Fluorescence characteristics of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; chicken carcasses; poultry disease; food safety ID POULTRY CARCASSES; IMAGING-SYSTEM; SAMPLES; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; CLASSIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; INSPECTION; SPECTRA; IMAGES; MEAT AB Each chicken carcass intended for U.S. consumers is mandated to be inspected by Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) inspectors for its wholesomeness at the processing plants. Fluorescence responses of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses were characterized and further evaluated for potential on-line applications for detection and classification of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses. For this study, unwholesome chicken carcasses included cadaver and those with disease conditions such as airsacculitis and septicemia. Fluorescence characteristics from the epidermal layers in the breast areas of chicken carcasses were dynamic in nature. Emission peaks and ridges (maxima) were observed at 386, 444, 472, 512, and 554 run and valleys (minima) were observed at 410, 460, 484, and 538 nm. One of the major factors affecting the line shapes of fluorescence responses from chicken carcass skin layers was absorption by hemoglobin. With the use of the normalized ratio spectra (NRS) approach, oxyhemoglobin was shown to be a major constituent in chicken carcasses affecting the fluorescence emission line shapes. Subtle line shape changes in the NRS also provided a qualitative means by which to assess the minute differences in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin compositions perturbed by poultry diseases such as septicemia and airsacculitis. With the use of simple fluorescence band ratios as a multivariate model, wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses were correctly classified with 97.1% and 94.8% accuracies, respectively. On-line implementation of fluorescence techniques for the assessment of chicken carcass wholesomeness appears promising. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Intervent & Sinsing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Agr Engn, Rural Dev Adm, Qual & Safety Evaluat Lab, Suwon, Gyeinggi Do, South Korea. Myongji Univ, Dept Commun Engn, Yongin, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. Univ Maryland, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Intervent & Sinsing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kimm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1210 EP 1216 DI 10.1366/000370206778664644 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 093CE UT WOS:000241144000018 PM 17059676 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH Appel, LJ Brands, M Carnethon, M Daniels, S Franch, HA Franklin, B Kris-Etherton, P Harris, WS Howard, B Karanja, N Lefevre, M Rudel, L Sacks, F Van Horn, L Winston, M Wylie-Rosett, J AF Lichtenstein, Alice H. Appel, Lawrence J. Brands, Michael Carnethon, Mercedes Daniels, Stephen Franch, Harold A. Franklin, Barry Kris-Etherton, Penny Harris, William S. Howard, Barbara Karanja, Njeri Lefevre, Michael Rudel, Lawrence Sacks, Frank Van Horn, Linda Winston, Mary Wylie-Rosett, Judith TI Summary of American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006 SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; NUTRITION COMMITTEE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SOY PROTEIN; VITAMIN-E; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; METABOLIC SYNDROME C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. St Lukes Hosp, Kansas City, MO 64111 USA. MedStar Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu RI Lefevre, Michael/B-5030-2014; OI Lefevre, Michael/0000-0002-2046-3593; Franch, Harold/0000-0003-1392-3798 NR 63 TC 159 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2186 EP 2191 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000238352.25222.5e PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 126UO UT WOS:000243541200005 PM 16990564 ER PT J AU Gardner, DR Thorne, MS Molyneux, RJ Pfister, JA Seawright, AA AF Gardner, Dale R. Thorne, Mark S. Molyneux, Russell J. Pfister, James A. Seawright, Alan A. TI Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio madagascariensis from Australia and Hawaii and assessment of possible livestock poisoning SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Senecio madagascariensis; pyrrolizidine alkaloids; livestock poisoning; hepatotoxicity; Hawaii; Australia ID TOXIC RANGE PLANTS; CATTLE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMISTRY; FIREWEED; LAUTUS AB The alkaloid content of Senecio madagascariensis collected from Australia and Hawaii was examined. Alkaloids were identified from the above ground whole plant (stems, leaves and flowers) by GUMS analysis and included: senecivernine, senecionine, integerrimine, senkirkine, mucronatinine, retrosine, usaramine, otosenine, acetylsenkirkine, desacetyldoronine, florosenine and doronine. Plant material collected from the Hawaiian Islands was found to be identical in pyrrolizidine alkaloid content to that from a single composite collection made from northern New South Wales, Australia. Overall, no appreciable differences in alkaloid content were found between locations, whereas variation among individual plants was evident. The average total pyrrolizidine alkaloid content varied from a low of 217 mu g/g to a high of 1990 mu g/g (dry weight basis) among the locations. Based on comparable alkaloid content and documented pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis cases from Australia, S. madagascariensis may pose a significant risk to livestock grazing heavily infested ranges on the Hawaiian Islands. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Univ Hawaii, Cooperat Extens Serv, Kamuela Extens Off, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Queensland, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. RP Gardner, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM gardnerd@cc.usu.edu NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 10 BP 736 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2006.05.010 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 094GJ UT WOS:000241227600002 ER PT J AU Sime, KR Daane, KM Andrews, JW Hoelmer, K Pickett, CH Nadel, H Johnson, MW Messing, RH AF Sime, Karen R. Daane, Kent M. Andrews, John W., Jr. Hoelmer, Kim Pickett, Charles H. Nadel, Hannah Johnson, Marshall W. Messing, Russell H. TI The biology of Bracon celer as a parasitoid of the olive fruit fly SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera; biological control; Bracon; Braconidae; Diptera; Hymenoptera; olive; parasitoid biology; Tephritidae ID HEBETOR SAY HYMENOPTERA; EPHESTIA-KUEHNIELLA ZELLER; CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; LEPIDOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; MELLITOR; CURCULIONIDAE; GELECHIIDAE; OVIPOSITION AB A series of laboratory experiments was conducted on a colony of Bracon celer Szepligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared on the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Female B. celer preferentially probe and oviposit into olives containing late third-instar fly larvae. The parasitoid develops as a solitary, ectoparasitic idiobiont. Mean development time (oviposition to adult eclosion) at 22 degrees C was, for females, 36 +/- 1 (SE) days, and for males, 34 +/- 1 days. The mean longevity of adult female wasps when provided honey and water was significantly greater than when they were provided water alone, or nothing. The females produced an average of 9.7 +/- 7.2 progeny during their lifetimes, but production levels in the insectary colony suggested that this level of fecundity was artificially low and could be improved. The discrepancy may be a consequence of constraints on oviposition behavior imposed by the experimental design. The results are discussed with respect to insectary production methods and the potential use of B. celer as a biological control agent for olive fly in California. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely, France. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Hawaii, Kauai Agr Res Ctr, Kauai, HI 96746 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Sime, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ksime@nature.berkeley.edu NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2006 VL 51 IS 5 BP 553 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-6079-8 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 091ET UT WOS:000241010000001 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, E. W. TI Egg load and body size of lab-cultured Cotesia marginiventris SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cotesia; Spodoptera; egg load; endoparasitoid; oviposition strategy; pro-synovigenic; rearing ID SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITOID WASPS; HYMENOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; FECUNDITY; INSECTS; BRACONIDAE; OVIGENY; HISTORY AB The egg load of lab-cultured Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid of noctuid caterpillars, was determined in this study. Information on egg load may provide clues to more efficient in vivo rearing of C. marginiventris. I tested the hypothesis that egg load, defined as the number of mature oocytes (i.e., fully chorionated eggs) found in adult females, was related to body size. Cotesia marginiventris females possessed two ovaries and two ovarioles per ovary; mature eggs were found in ovaries and oviducts. Newly-emerged females held an average of 149 mature eggs. Immature eggs were slightly visible in the distal portions of the ovarioles; they were not counted. Egg load was marginally related to body size (i.e., hind tibia length). The results of this study suggest that (1) body size can sometimes predict egg load or potential fecundity of lab-cultured C. marginiventris and (2) an efficient rearing system that exploits the potential fecundity of C. marginiventris might involve using young females and allowing them to oviposit in new hosts, each day, for up to a week. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2006 VL 51 IS 5 BP 603 EP 610 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-2939-5 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 091ET UT WOS:000241010000004 ER PT J AU Lewis, LC Sumerford, DV Bing, LA Gunnarson, RD AF Lewis, Leslie C. Sumerford, Douglas V. Bing, Lori A. Gunnarson, Robert D. TI Dynamics of Nosema pyrausta in natural populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis: A six-year study SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Crambidae; horizontal/vertical transmission; Lepidoptera; Microsporida; Nosematidae; Nosema pyrausta; Ostrinia nubilalis ID MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII; VAIRIMORPHA-NECATRIX; FIELD POPULATIONS; PYRALIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; MICROSPORIDIUM; TRANSMISSION; LARVAE; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; DISSEMINATION AB Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) (Microsporida: Nosematidae) is an obligatory intracellular parasite of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). This pathogen is maintained in natural populations of O. nubilalis by both horizontal and vertical transmission. The impact of N. pyrausta on fecundity of adults and survival of larvae has been well documented in laboratory and field research. In an extensive study covering a 6 year period at one site, we described the effect of N. pyrausta within O. nubilalis populations in a continuous corn following corn ecosystem. We documented the presence of the pathogen through all life stages of O. nubilalis (egg, larva, pupa, adult), by collecting throughout the crop season and examining each insect stage in the laboratory for the frequency of infection with N. pyrausta. The percentage of infection with N. pyrausta and magnitude of the O. nubilalis population fluctuated throughout generation 1 and generation 2. Both horizontal and vertical transmission played a role in maintaining N. pyrausta in the population in both generations. There were strong correlations between percentage adults with N. pyrausta and percentage larvae with N. pyrausta, and between percentage eggs with N. pyrausta and percentage larvae with N. pyrausta. There was a weak correlation between percentage adults with N. pyrausta and percentage eggs with N. pyrausta. The percentage of insects infected with N. pyrausta was always lowest in the egg. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lewis, LC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM leslewis@iastate.edu NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2006 VL 51 IS 5 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-2937-7 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 091ET UT WOS:000241010000006 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Tipping, PW Gandolfo, DE Center, TD Van, TK O'Brien, CW AF Madeira, Paul. T. Tipping, Phil W. Gandolfo, Daniel E. Center, Ted D. Van, Thai K. O'Brien, Charles W. TI Molecular and morphological examination of Cyrtobagous sp collected from Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Australia, and Florida SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; cryptic species; Cyrtobagous; host adaptation; Salvinia; 28S rRNA D2 expansion domain ID SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; SALVINIA-MINIMA; HOST RACES; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; INSECTS; HYMENOPTERA; COMPLEX AB Two members of the floating fern genus Salvinia (Salviniaceae), S. minima Baker and S. molesta Mitchell, have established in the United States. Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), long established on Florida S. minima, was released in Texas and Louisiana as a biocontrol agent for both species. Subsequently, sequence analysis of the 28S rRNA D2 expansion domain suggested that the Florida and Brazilian populations (used worldwide for biocontrol) of C. salviniae might constitute two cryptic species. In response, the Brazilian weevil was imported from Australia and released instead onto S. molesta. We sampled C. singularis Hustache and C. salviniae from their native ranges in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay and sequenced them (D2) along with Australian and Florida samples. The genetic distance between C. singularis and C. salviniae samples is much greater (almost 5x) than the distance between either the Florida and Brazilian samples or the Brazilian and Argentinean/ Paraguayan C. salviniae samples. Since C. singularis and C. salviniae are cryptic species, the Florida and Brazilian populations (or for that matter Brazilian and Argentinean/Paraguayan) could reasonably be described as demes or ecotypes. Occurrence data indicates that, in parts of their ranges, C. salviniae and C. singularis are not only sympatric but also feed on the same plant species at the same site. While host adaptation (species preferences) likely occurs within local demes, both species seem capable of adapting to the available resource (Salvinia species). Finally, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer was developed to distinguish the Florida and Brazilian/Australian types. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Madeira, PT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM ptmadeira@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2006 VL 51 IS 5 BP 679 EP 701 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-5271-1 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 091ET UT WOS:000241010000009 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Larkin, RP AF Olanya, O. M. Larkin, R. P. TI Efficacy of essential oils and biopesticides on Phytophthora infestans suppression in laboratory and growth chamber studies SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural products; biopesticides; Phytophthora infestans; disease suppression; essential oils; potato ID HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; REDUCED RATES; COMPOST TEA; POTATO; MANAGEMENT; DISEASES; BLIGHT; SENSITIVITY; FREQUENCIES AB Control of late blight by alternative products is important for reduction of fungicide inputs and potato production costs. The efficacy of essential oils and biopesticides for inhibition of growth of Phytophthora infestans on media and suppression of late blight on potato plants in growth chambers was examined. Growth of pathogen isolates of diverse genotypes was evaluated on Rye B media amended with essential oils (lavender, thyme, thyme borneal, and oregano) and the biopesticide Serenade (Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713). Over 90% inhibition of pathogen growth was achieved with oregano and Serenade amendments. The protective foliar application of Serenade, an aerated compost tea (ACT), Effective Microorganism mix (EM), and oregano, resulted in disease suppression of 5-40% relative to the untreated control. ACT had no significant suppressive effects (0-15% reduction), EM resulted in mild suppression (15-30% reduction), and oregano and Serenade consistently resulted in moderate disease reduction (20-40%). No oil or biological treatment produced disease control comparable to the chemical control chlorothalonil, which resulted in disease reductions of 80-98%. Both oregano and Serenade resulted in some phytotoxicity at high doses. These results suggest that the natural products and biological amendments tested are not sufficient for effective late blight control by themselves; however, when used in combination with other established disease control practices, these approaches may contribute to improved, integrated, and more sustainable management options for late blight. C1 USDA ARS, NEPSWL, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NEPSWL, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 9 BP 901 EP 917 DI 10.1080/09583150600827918 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102NV UT WOS:000241819900003 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Gibb, AR Johnson, T Hall, DR AF Suckling, David Maxwell Gibb, Andrew Robert Johnson, Tracy Hall, David Robert TI Examination of sex attractants for monitoring weed biological control agents in Hawaii SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sex attractant; Hawaii; weed; monitoring; Tortricidae; Heliodinidae ID LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE; MOTH AB The identification of sex attractants was undertaken for potential use in the study of two biological control agents against Rubus spp. in Hawaii. Attractants for Croesia zimmermani (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Schreckensteinia festaliella (Lepidoptera: Heliodinidae) were developed by field screening a variety of putative lures in sticky traps, based on attractants for congeneric species. Croesia zimmermani was most attracted to E11-tetradecen-1-ol and E11-tetradecenal, while S. festaliella was attracted to (10,12)-(E, E)-hexadecadienal alone. Development of monitoring systems based on sex attractants can enable better evaluation of biocontrol programmes, and provide cost-effective information on presence/absence, density, phenology, synchrony with the host, dispersal rate and other useful parameters. C1 HortRes, Lincoln, NE, New Zealand. US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Volcano, HI USA. Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), HortRes, POB 51, Lincoln, NE, New Zealand. EM msuckling@hortresearch.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 9 BP 919 EP 927 DI 10.1080/09583150600828007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102NV UT WOS:000241819900004 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR AF Behle, Robert W. Tamez-Guerra, Patricia McGuire, Michael R. TI Evaluating conditions for producing spray-dried formulations of Anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedroviruses (AfMNPV) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AfMMPV; baculovirus; formulation; lignin; spray drying ID VIRUS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB We investigated how altering parameters during the production of spray-dried lignin formulations affected the insecticidal activity of a baculovirus (AfMNPV), which was originally isolated from celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby). Exposure to high temperature, varied pH of the dryer feedstock, substitution of formulation ingredients, and different commercial production lots of virus were evaluated for their effect on the insecticidal activity of AfMNPV. Insecticidal activities of treatments were determined by droplet-feeding assays using neonate Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) for dosage response or single-dosage comparisons. Unformulated virus exposed to 68 degrees C for 2 h showed no loss of insecticidal activity, whereas exposure to 90 degrees C for 30 min caused > 20% loss of activity. Thus, residence at higher temperatures in drying systems could adversely affect virus activity. Spray-dried formulations made with Indulin AT lignin (pH 8.5, 9.5, and 10.5) lost insecticidal activity with increasing alkalinity of the dryer feedstock. In contrast to Indulin AT, the same formulations made with PC-1307 lignin did not lose insecticidal activity with increased alkalinity. Adding corn flour to spray-dried Indulin AT-based formulations improved insecticidal activity of the virus. These experiments demonstrated the importance of carefully selecting feed-stock ingredients and processing conditions when spray drying AfMNPV. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. UANL, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM behlerw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 9 BP 941 EP 952 DI 10.1080/09583150600828312 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102NV UT WOS:000241819900006 ER PT J AU Li, JM Kremer, RJ AF Li, Jianmei Kremer, Robert J. TI Growth response of weed and crop seedlings to deleterious rhizobacteria SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; integrated weed management; host range tests ID RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA; DOWNY BROME; INHIBITORY PSEUDOMONADS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SOIL-MICROORGANISMS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT COLONIZATION; SUPPRESSION; WHEAT; QUALITY AB Selected bacterial isolates previously demonstrated to be suppressive toward weed species in the laboratory were tested for effectiveness under greenhouse conditions. Rhizobacteria varied in ability to inhibit growth of host or nonhost weed species. Some bacterial isolates caused <= 75% growth inhibition, while some isolates did not express inhibitory effects under greenhouse conditions. Host specificity of rhizobacteria also varied, with some isolates significantly suppressing growth of host plants as well as nonhost weed species and occasionally crop plants. For example, green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] growth was suppressed by 57% of rhizobacteria isolated from several weed hosts but morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea L.) and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv] were suppressed by only 32 and 37% of the rhizobacterial isolates, respectively. Isolates that only inhibited growth of weed plants without negatively affecting crop plants can be considered candidates for further tests as potential biological control agents. Because potential biological control agents would encounter more complex interactions with indigenous microorganisms and environmental factors when applied in the field, the greenhouse test is an important step in documenting the effectiveness and host specificity of deleterious bacteria. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kremerr@missouri.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.04.016 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 089UD UT WOS:000240905700008 ER PT J AU Ding, JQ Reardon, R Wu, Y Zheng, H Fu, WD AF Ding, Jianqing Reardon, Richard Wu, Yun Zheng, Hao Fu, Weidong TI Biological control of invasive plants through collaboration between China and the United States of America: a perspective SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE biological weed control; China; collaboration; insects; invasive plants; natural enemies; the United States of America ID PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT FAUNA; A-MINUTE WEED; INTRODUCED SMOOTH CORDGRASS; POLYGONUM-PERFOLIATUM L.; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; CONTROL AGENT; RAGWEED; COLEOPTERA AB For more than 100 years, classical biological control of invasive plants through screening, introducing and releasing of host-specific natural enemies from native regions has been regarded as one of the promising approaches to the management of invasive plants. Many invasive plants in the United States of America are native to China, and vice versa. China and the USA also share a number of invasive plant species, including water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) and cordgrass (Spartina spp.). Collaboration between the two countries on biological control benefits both the nations by reciprocal opportunities to research and exchange natural enemies, by exchanging information on common invasive species, and by providing training for students and professionals. Here we review the history of collaboration between China and the US on biological control of more than 20 invasive plants. Current collaborative projects associated with four plant species, Polygonum perfoliatum L., Trapa natans L. Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, are also covered. We prioritize 14 invasive plants as targets for future collaborative biological control based on information on their importance in introduced areas, natural enemy records, and their potential biocontrol risk to introduced ecosystems. They are: Ampelopsis brevipendunculata, Celastrus orbiculatus, Dioscorea oppositifolia, Euonymus alata, Euonymus fortunei, Ligustrum sinense, Melia azedarach, Paulownia tomentosa, Sapium sebiferum and Ulmus pumila for the US, as well as Spartina alterniflora, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida and Solidago canadensis for China. In addition, we emphasize that we must very carefully consider any potential non-target effect when we intend to introduce and release new natural enemies. We anticipate that the high priority both countries have placed on control of invasive plants will stimulate increasing collaboration on biological control. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biol Control, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Ding, JQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM dingjianqing@yahoo.com NR 62 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 77 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1439 EP 1450 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-5833-2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099OV UT WOS:000241605600002 ER PT J AU Liu, H Stiling, P AF Liu, Hong Stiling, Peter TI Testing the enemy release hypothesis: a review and meta-analysis SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Review DE co-evolution; competitive advantage; enemy release hypothesis; ERH; herbivore exclusion; herbivore fauna; IAS; introduced species; invasive alien species; invasive plant; invasive species; non-indigenous species; specialist herbivore; weeds ID PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT FAUNA; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; NATURAL ENEMIES; COMMUNITIES; SWITZERLAND; HERBIVORES; PATHOGENS AB One of the most cited hypotheses explaining the inordinate success of a small proportion of introduced plants that become pests is the natural enemies hypothesis'. This states that invasive introduced plants spread rapidly because they are liberated from their co-evolved natural enemies. This hypothesis had not been properly tested until recently. Previous reviews on this topic have been narrative and vote counting in nature. In this review, we carried out quantitative synthesis and meta-analysis using existing literature on plants and their herbivores to test the different components of the enemy release hypothesis. We found supporting evidence in that (1) insect herbivore fauna richness is significantly greater in the native than introduced ranges, and the reduction is skewed disproportionally towards specialists and insects feeding on reproductive parts; and (2) herbivore damage levels are greater on native plants than on introduced invasive congeners. However, herbivore damage levels are only marginally greater for plants in native than in introduced ranges, probably due to the small numbers of this type of study. Studies quantifying herbivore impacts on plant population dynamics are too scarce to make conclusions for either comparison of plants in native vs introduced ranges or of co-occurring native and introduced congeners. For future research, we advocate that more than two-way comparisons between plants in native and introduced ranges, or native and introduced congeners are needed. In addition, the use of herbivore exclusions to quantify the impacts of herbivory on complete sets of population vital rates of native vs introduced species are highly desirable. Furthermore, three-way comparisons among congeners of native plants, introduced invasive, and introduced non-invasive plants can also shed light on the importance of enemy release. Finally, simultaneously testing the enemy release hypothesis and other competing hypotheses will provide significant insights into the mechanisms governing the undesirable success of invasive species. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM hongliuf@ufl.edu NR 35 TC 241 Z9 242 U1 18 U2 223 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1535 EP 1545 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-5845-y PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099OV UT WOS:000241605600011 ER PT J AU Larkin, RP Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS AF Larkin, Robert P. Honeycutt, C. Wayne Griffin, Timothy S. TI Effect of swine and dairy manure amendments on microbial communities in three soils as influenced by environmental conditions SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE microbial communities; animal manure; FAME; substrate utilization ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; CARBON; RHIZOSPHERE; SIZE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; MANAGEMENT AB Understanding the impacts of manure amendments on soil microorganisms can provide valuable insight into nutrient availability and potential crop and environmental effects. Soil microbial community characteristics, including microbial populations and activity, substrate utilization (SU) profiles, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles, were compared in three soils amended or not amended with dairy or swine manure at two temperatures (18 and 25 degrees C) and two soil water regimes (constant and fluctuating) in laboratory incubation assays. Soil type was the dominant factor determining microbial community characteristics, resulting in distinct differences among all three soil types and some differing effects of manure amendments. Both dairy and swine manures generally increased bacterial populations, substrate diversity, and FAME biomarkers for gram-negative organisms in all soils. Microbial activity was increased by both manures in an Illinois soil but only by dairy manure in two Maine soils. Dairy manure had greater effects than swine manure on SU and FAME parameters such as increased activity, utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids, substrate richness and diversity, and fungal FAME biomarkers. Temperature and water regime effects were relatively minor compared with soil type and amendment, but both significantly affected some microbial responses to manure amendments. Overall, microbial characteristics were more highly correlated with soil physical factors and soil and amendment C content than with N levels. These results indicate the importance of soil type, developmental history, and environmental factors on microbial community characteristics, which may effect nutrient availability from manure amendments and should be considered in amendment evaluations. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant, Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Larkin, RP (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant, Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM larkin@maine.edu NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0060-7 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 077VR UT WOS:000240059900006 ER PT J AU Trefil, P Micakova, A Mucksova, J Hejnar, J Poplstein, M Bakst, MR Kalina, J Brillard, JP AF Trefil, Pavel Micakova, Alena Mucksova, Jitka Hejnar, Jiri Poplstein, Martin Bakst, Murray R. Kalina, Jiri Brillard, Jean-Pierre TI Restoration of spermatogenesis and male fertility by transplantation of dispersed testicular cells in the chicken SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE developmental biology; gametogenesis; implatation; spermatogenesis; testis ID GERMLINE CHIMERIC CHICKENS; SPERMATOGONIAL STEM-CELLS; MOUSE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES; ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS; BLASTODERMAL CELLS; GERMINAL CELLS; LINE CHIMERAS; TESTES; RAT; DIFFERENTIATION AB Transplantation of male germ cells into sterilized recipients has been widely used in mammals for conventional breeding and transgenesis purposes. This study presents a workable approach for germ cell transplantation between male chickens. Testicular cells from adult and prepubertal donors were dispersed and transplanted by injection directly into the testes of recipient males sterilized by repeated gamma irradiation. We describe the repopulation of the recipient seminiferous epithelium up to the production of heterologous sperm in about 50% of transplanted males. In comparison to males transplanted with testicular cell preparations from adult donors, in which the first ejaculates with sperm were recovered about 5 wk after transfer, a substantial interval (about 10 wk) was necessary to obtain ejaculates after the transfer of testicular cells from prepubertal donors. However, in both cases, recipient males produced ejaculates capable of fertilizing ova and producing progeny expressing donor genes. C1 INRA, Ctr Tours, Stn Rech Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Res Inst Biopharm & Vet Drugs, BIOPHARM, Jilove 25449, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Mol Genet, CZ-16683 Prague, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brillard, JP (reprint author), INRA, Ctr Tours, Stn Rech Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. EM brillard@tours.inra.fr RI Hejnar, Jiri/G-3544-2014 NR 54 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 575 EP 581 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.105.050278 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 088DZ UT WOS:000240793000012 PM 16807385 ER PT J AU Elder, T Labbe, N Harper, D Rials, T AF Elder, Thomas Labbe, Nicole Harper, David Rials, Timothy TI Time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance study of chars from southern hardwoods SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE char; moisture content; relaxation; southern hardwoods; time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance ID SOLID WOOD; STATE NMR; RELAXATION; WATER; PAPER; CONSTITUENTS; CEDAR; PH AB Chars from the thermal degradation of silver maple (Acer saccharinum), red maple (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and white oak (Quercus spp.), performed at temperatures from 250 to 350 degrees C, were examined using time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Prior to analysis, the chars were equilibrated under conditions insuring the presence of bound water only and both bound water and free water. Transverse relaxation times were found to be related to the moisture content of the chars, which varied with temperature. At elevated temperatures the number of signals assigned to free water decreased, indicative of an increase in pore size within the chars. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Elder, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM telder@fs.fed.us OI Harper, David/0000-0003-2783-5406 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 30 IS 10 BP 855 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.04.005 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 091ZT UT WOS:000241067500005 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Jung, HJG Vogel, KP Casler, MD Lamb, JFS Iten, L Mitchell, RB Sarath, G AF Dien, Bruce S. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Vogel, Kenneth P. Casler, Michael D. Lamb, JoAnn F. S. Iten, Loren Mitchell, Robert B. Sarath, Gautum TI Chemical composition and response to dilute-acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of alfalfa, reed canarygrass, and switchgrass SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Medicago sativa L.; Phalaris arundinacea L.; Panicum virgatum L.; bioethanol; biomass; bioenergy ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; ENERGY-PRODUCTION; HERBACEOUS CROPS; KLASON LIGNIN; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; DIETARY FIBER; BIOMASS; GRASSES; CARBON; BIOENERGY AB Alfalfa stems, reed canarygrass, and switchgrass; perennial herbaceous species that have potential as biomass energy crops in temperate regions; were evaluated for their bioconversion potential as energy crops. Each forage species was harvested at two or three maturity stages and analyzed for carbohydrates, lignin, protein, lipid, organic acids, and mineral composition. The biomass samples were also evaluated for sugar yields following pretreatment with dilute sulfuric followed by enzymatic saccharification using a commercial cellulase preparation. Total carbohydrate content of the plants varied from 518 to 655g kg(-1) dry matter (DM) and cellulose concentration from 209 to 322g kg(-1) DM. Carbohydrate and lignin contents were lower for samples from early maturity samples compared to samples from late maturity harvests. Several important trends were observed in regards to the efficiency of sugar recovery following treatments with dilute acid and cellulase. First, a significant amount of the available carbohydrates were in the form of soluble sugars and storage carbohydrates (4.3-16.3% wt/wt). Recovery of soluble sugars following dilute acid pretreatment was problematic, especially that of fructose. Fructose was found to be extremely labile to the dilute acid pretreatments. Second, the efficiency at which available glucose was recovered was inversely correlated to maturity and lignin content. However, total glucose yields were higher for the later maturities because of higher cellulose contents compared to the earlier maturity samples. Finally, cell wall polysaccharides, as determined by the widely applied detergent fiber system were found to be inaccurate. The detergent fiber method consistently overestimated cellulose and hemicellulose and underestimated lignin by substantial amounts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Nebraska, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dienb@ncaur.usda.gov OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 50 TC 255 Z9 272 U1 9 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 30 IS 10 BP 880 EP 891 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.02.004 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 091ZT UT WOS:000241067500009 ER PT J AU Shivik, JA AF Shivik, John A. TI Are vultures birds, and do snakes have venom, because of macro- and microscavenger conflict? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; carrion; Cathartes aura; decomposition; scavenging ID VERTEBRATE SCAVENGERS; COLUBRID SNAKES; CARRION; EVOLUTION; DECOMPOSITION; SECRETION; DELIVERY; SPOILS; PREY AB I outline models that describe vertebrate and microbial competition for carrion resources and help explain the resultant morphologies observed in extant vertebrate scavengers. Odors from microbial decomposition signal the presence of a carcass to vertebrate scavengers. Therefore, microbes must consume carcasses rapidly or evolve toxic defenses to protect themselves and their resource from their vertebrate competitors. Similarly, macroscavengers must evolve traits that allow rapid detection of carcasses or develop chemical defenses against microbial toxins. My modeling suggests that the most efficient macroscavenger adaptations increase the probability of carcass detection, which explains why highly vagile species, such as vultures, are the most obligate of vertebrate scavengers. Empirical data from vultures and from a scavenging snake species suggest that evolutionary pressures favor detection maximizers relative to toxification minimizers in competitive interactions for carcasses. However, detoxification mechanisms allow safe consumption of carrion and may have influenced the development of the complex digestive enzymes and delivery systems now seen in minimally vagile scavenging snakes. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Shivik, JA (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM john.shivik@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 819 EP 823 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[819:AVBADS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 091YW UT WOS:000241065200009 ER PT J AU White, AC Sousa, AM Blumberg, J Ryan, HF Fanburg, BL Kayyali, US AF White, A. C. Sousa, A. M. Blumberg, J. Ryan, H. F. Fanburg, B. L. Kayyali, U. S. TI Plasma antioxidants in subjects before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation SO BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; glutathione peroxidase; translational model ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; EXTRACELLULAR GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; IRON OVERLOAD; VITAMIN-E; MICE AB Chemo-irradiation induced oxidative damage to vascular endothelium may contribute to pulmonary complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We measured antioxidants, markers of oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant capacity in plasma or serum from 24 subjects at day 7 before HSCT and 20 control subjects. The plasma concentration of extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPX-3) was significantly reduced in the HSCT subjects compared with controls (HSCT: 98 +/- 42 mu g/ml, control: 169 +/- 56 mu g/ml, P < 0.0001). The concentration of gamma-tocopherol was significantly higher in the HSCT subjects compared with controls ( HSCT: 207 +/- 103 mu g/dl; Control: 98 +/- 52 mu g/dl; P = 0.0002). The plasma concentrations of protein carbonyl, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A, homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinylglycine did not differ between HSCT and control subjects. Plasma from HSCT subjects was as effective as control plasma in quenching menadione-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production in human microvascular endothelial cells. In summary, subjects before HSCT have significantly reduced plasma concentrations of GPX-3, elevated plasma gamma-tocopherol yet retains the ability to quench an acute oxidative stress. These changes may play a role in chronic oxidative stress in the HSCT population. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Div, Dept Med,Tufts New England Med Ctr,Tupper Res Ins, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Dept Med,Tufts New England Med Ctr,Tupper Res Ins, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP White, AC (reprint author), New England Sinai Hosp & Rehabil Ctr, Div Pulm, 150 York St, Stoughton, MA USA. EM AWhite@NESinai.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K23HL04411, R01 HL079320, R01 HL079320-02, R01 HL079320-03] NR 50 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0268-3369 J9 BONE MARROW TRANSPL JI Bone Marrow Transplant. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705475 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Biophysics; Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 092MT UT WOS:000241101900007 PM 16980999 ER PT J AU Chen, CC Hsu, HT Cheng, YH Huang, CH Liao, JY Tsai, HT Chang, CA AF Chen, Chin-Chih Hsu, Hei-Ti Cheng, Ying-Huey Huang, Chun-Huei Liao, Jye-Yann Tsai, Hei-Ting Chang, Chin-An TI Molecular and serological characterization of a distinct potyvirus causing latent infection in calla lilies SO BOTANICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE calla lily; coat protein expression; potyviruses; sequence analysis; serology ID MILD-MOSAIC-VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; STRIPE; TUBEROSE; STRAINS AB A virus (isolate: Ca-M19) capable of inducing local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa Willd. was isolated from calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.). Subculture of Ca-M 19 was easily maintained in C. quinoa, but a back inoculation from single lesion of C. quinoa to calla lilies has so far not been successful. Typical potyvirus-like flexuous particles were consistently detected in Ca-M19 infected plants, and a 1.3-kb DNA fragment was amplified from these plants by reverse -transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using potyvirus degenerate primers. The PCR product was cloned and its sequence analyzed (AF469171). The amplicon was revealed to correspond to the 3' terminal region of a potyviral genome. After comparing this sequence with known potyvirus sequences in the GenBank, we considered the virus a new species of Potyvirus based on the uniqueness in its coat protein gene (CP) and the 3' non-coding region (NCR). Comparative studies showed that Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV 2) were the two most similar potyviruses with Ca-M19, but they shared only 80% of nucleotide identities in CP and NCR with Ca-M19. Attempts to purify a sufficient quantity of Ca-M19 from C. quinoa for preparation of antibodies were unsuccessful. Alternatively, Ca-M19 CP was expressed by the vector pET28b and purified from E. coli culture, and polyclonal antibodies were prepared in rabbits. The antibody was applied in ELISA, Western blotting, SDS-immunodiffusion and immuno-specific electron microscopy for the detection of Ca-M 19 in calla lilies. It did not react with at least five calla lily infecting potyviruses, including Dasheen mosaic virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus, Konjak mosaic virus, Turnip mosaic virus, and Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus. Indirect ELISA and SDS-immunodiffusion tests showed that Ca-M19 was serologically related, but distinct from Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Black cowpea mosaic virus (BICMV), Melon vein banding mosaic virus (MVbMV), Passionfruit mottle virus (PaMV), Passionfruit crinkle virus (PCV), Passionfruit woodness virus (PWV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV 2), and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Besides serological techniques, a primer pair (M19u/M19d) and a DNA probe were designed which could also specifically detect and differentiate Ca-M19 from other viruses. By the use of specific antibodies in ELISA, Ca-M19 was frequently detected in calla lily plants collected from several major calla lily production townships in Taiwan. Among 86 field samples positively reacting to the antibody, 77 of them exhibited evident systemic mosaic symptoms, but these symptomatic plants were confirmed to be infected simultaneously by other viruses. Nine plants were found to be infected by Ca-M19 alone. These plants were confirmed to have remained symptomless throughout a 6-month observation period. Therefore, we propose naming this isolate Calla lily latent virus (CLLV) for its inability to develop any visible symptoms on calla lily. C1 Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Plant Pathol Div, Taichung 413, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chang, CA (reprint author), Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Plant Pathol Div, Taichung 413, Taiwan. EM cachang@wufeng.tari.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIA SINICA, INST PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOLOGY & RES CENTER BIODIVERSITY PI TAIPEI PA NANKANG, TAIPEI, TAIWAN 11529, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1817-406X J9 BOT STUD JI Bot. Stud. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 47 IS 4 BP 369 EP 378 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 106SO UT WOS:000242121300002 ER PT J AU Barr, NB Copeland, RS De Meyer, M Masiga, D Kibogo, HG Billah, MK Osir, E Wharton, RA McPheron, BA AF Barr, N. B. Copeland, R. S. De Meyer, M. Masiga, D. Kibogo, H. G. Billah, M. K. Osir, E. Wharton, R. A. McPheron, B. A. TI Molecular diagnostics of economically important Ceratitis fruit fly species (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Africa using PCR and RFLP analyses SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; ITS; Ceratitis; quarantine ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CAPITATA DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; REVISION; ROSA; POPULATIONS AB The predominantly Afrotropical fruit fly genus Ceratitis contains many species of agricultural importance. Consequently, quarantine of Ceratitis species is a major concern for governmental regulatory agencies. Although diagnostic keys exist for identification of all described Ceratitis species, these tools are based on adult characters. Flies intercepted at ports of entry are usually immatures, and Ceratitis species cannot be diagnosed based on larval morphology. To facilitate identification of Ceratitis pests at ports of entry, this study explores the utility of DNA-based diagnostic tools for a select group of Ceratitis species and related tephritids, some of which infest agriculturally important crops in Africa. The application of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to analyse three mitochondrial genes (12S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA, and NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 6) is sufficient to diagnose 25 species and two species clusters. PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1) is able to distinguish three of the five species left unresolved by mitochondrial DNA analysis. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Biochem & Biotechnol, Nairobi, Kenya. USDA APHIS, Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Norman.B.Barr@aphis.usda.gov OI Masiga, Daniel/0000-0001-7513-0887; McPheron, Bruce/0000-0001-9623-5100 NR 43 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 505 EP 521 DI 10.1079/BER2006452 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 103GW UT WOS:000241874700007 PM 17092362 ER PT J AU Buffington, JM Montgomery, DR Greenberg, HM AF Buffington, John M. Montgomery, David R. Greenberg, Harvey M. TI Basin-scale availability of salmonid spawning gravel as influenced by channel type and hydraulic roughness in mountain catchments (vol 61, pg 2085, 2004) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Buffington, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jbuffington@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2389 EP 2389 DI 10.1139/F06-143 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099HX UT WOS:000241585400023 ER PT J AU Miller, JH Allen, HL Zutter, BR Zedaker, SM Newbold, RA AF Miller, James H. Allen, H. Lee Zutter, Bruce R. Zedaker, Shepard M. Newbold, Ray A. TI Soil and pine foliage nutrient responses 15 years after competing-vegetation control and their correlation with growth for 13 loblolly pine plantations in the southern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Organ State Univ, Corvallis, OR SP IUFRO, Forest Vegetat Management Unit, Vegetat Management Res Cooperat HO Organ State Univ ID SITE PREPARATION; FOREST; TAEDA; CARBON; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; STAND; PRODUCTIVITY; MIDROTATION; DYNAMICS AB Influences of competition-control treatments on long-term soil and foliar nutrition were examined using a regional data set (the Competition Omission Monitoring Project) that documents loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation development for 15 years after early intensive woody and (or) herbaceous control. Examined were trends for macro nutrients in soils sampled at years 0 and 15 and in pine foliage at years 2, 6, and 15 and their correlations with one another and with pine growth. Early control treatments resulted in distinct plantation successional patterns with contrasting herbaceous and woody components, all under pine-dominated canopies. There was an overall decrease in soil nutrient concentrations after 15 years of pine-plantation management, while C, N, and Ca decreased most after vegetation control. Early herbaceous treatments resulted in significantly less foliar N and K at year 15 as well. Foliar nutrient contents and fascicle mass at year 2 tended to be better correlated with year-15 pine volume than values at year 6 or year 15. Year-15 P concentrations had the strongest correlations between soil and foliar nutrient levels (r = 0.71-0.77). By year 15, intensive pine culture and vegetation control had placed demands on soil nutrient supplies to support enhanced growth that have not yet been replaced. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Virginia Tech Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Sch Forestry, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Miller, JH (reprint author), Auburn City Sch, 855 E Samford Ave, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM jmiller01@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2412 EP 2425 DI 10.1139/X06-164 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400007 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Oliver, WW Busse, MD AF Zhang, Jianwei Oliver, William W. Busse, Matt D. TI Growth and development of ponderosa pine on sites of contrasting productivities: relative importance of stand density and shrub competition effects SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Organ State Univ, Corvallis, OR SP IUFRO, Forest Vegetat Management Unit, Vegetat Management Res Cooperat HO Organ State Univ ID UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; FOREST; WATER AB Effects of stand density and shrub competition on growth and development were compared across a gradient of study sites. Challenge, the most productive site, is located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, northern California. Pringle Falls is of intermediate productivity in the rain shadow of the central Oregon Cascades. Trough Springs Ridge is the poorest site with minimally developed soils in California's North Coast Range. Treatments included a minimum of four stand densities, from 150 to 2700 trees center dot ha(-1), in combination with at least no or full shrub removal. Challenge produced almost twice as much tree volume as Pringle Falls, and about three times the volume of Trough Springs Ridge. Regardless of site quality, growth was significantly greater in full shrub removal plots for stand densities < 2000 trees center dot ha(-1). After 26-36 years, stand volumes were 25-67 m(3)center dot ha(-1) (11%-38%) greater at Challenge, 30-33 m(3)center dot ha(-1) (25%-52%) greater at Pringle Falls, and 27-41 m(3)center dot ha(-1) (115%-326%) greater at Trough Springs Ridge when shrubs were removed. Periodic volume growth declined substantially during the last 10 years at Challenge and Pringle Falls, regardless of treatment, because of confounding effects of mortality, drought, inter-tree competition, and insect defoliation. Further, the importance of shrub control on growth increment was not evident during the last 10 years at both sites, as tree-shrub competition likely switched to tree-tree competition. On the low quality site, shrub control is critical for stand development. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM jianweizhang@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2426 EP 2438 DI 10.1139/X06-078 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400008 ER PT J AU Harrington, TB AF Harrington, Timothy B. TI Five-year growth responses of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar seedlings to manipulated levels of overstory and understory competition SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Organ State Univ, Corvallis, OR SP IUFRO, Forest Vegetat Management Unit, Vegetat Management Res Cooperat HO Organ State Univ ID ALTERNATIVE SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LIGHT GRADIENT; RED CEDAR; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; FOREST; OLD; PLANTATIONS; LIMITATIONS AB Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) seedlings were planted in March 2001 within three clearcut-harvested, shelterwood, or thinned stands of mature Douglas-fir near Olympia, Washington. From 2002 to 2005, areas of vegetation control of 0, 4.5, or 9 m(2) were maintained with herbicides around a total 162 seedlings per species. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was 34%, 62%, and 100% of full sunlight in thinned stands, shelterwoods, and clearcuts, respectively. Effects of overstory level and vegetation control on seedling growth and resource availability generally were additive. Seedling stem volume index in clearcuts averaged four to eight times that observed in thinned stands, and with vegetation control, it averaged two to four times that observed without it. In thinned stands, relative growth rate of seedling stem volume index had a positive linear relationship with PAR (R-2 = 0.38). Foliar nitrogen content of Douglas-fir explained 71% of the variation in relative growth rate. Factors explaining the most variation in foliar nitrogen content differed between thinned stands (PAR, R-2 = 0.34) and clearcuts or shelterwoods (midday water potential, R-2 = 0.63), suggesting that light and root competition, respectively, were the primary growth-limiting factors for these overstory levels. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Harrington, TB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM tharrington@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2439 EP 2453 DI 10.1139/X06-139 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400009 ER PT J AU Michael, JL Batzer, DP Fischer, JB Gibbs, HL AF Michael, J. L. Batzer, D. P. Fischer, J. B. Gibbs, H. L. TI Fate of the herbicide sulfometuron methyl (Oust((R))) and effects on invertebrates in drainages of an intensively managed plantation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Organ State Univ, Corvallis, OR SP IUFRO, Forest Vegetat Management Unit, Vegetat Management Res Cooperat HO Organ State Univ ID BASE SATURATED SANDS; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; SOILS; SORPTION; STREAM; DISSIPATION; COMMUNITIES AB The off-site movement and impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystems of sulfometuron methyl applied as the herbicide Oust((R)) to catchments in short-rotation plantations in the coastal plain of South Carolina were studied. Sulfometuron methyl was applied at the rate of 0.053 kg active ingredient center dot ha(-1) to 5.4- and 5.9-ha catchments (C5 and C6, respectively). Off-site movement of sulfometuron methyl in drainage ditches was observed between application on 14 March 2001 and 14 June 2001 for the first five flow-producing rain events on C5 and the first four events on C6. The maximum observed concentrations (24 mu g center dot L-1 on C5 and 23 mu g center dot L-1 on C6) occurred during the first storm. Subsequent maximum concentrations for flow-producing storms were 10.0, 5.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mu g center dot L-1 on C5 and 15.1, 6.7, and 0.5 mu g center dot L-1 on C6. Pulsed inputs of sulfometuron methyl to stormflow were ephemeral and the maximum concentration for each storm event lasted 15 min or less. The faunal communities observed in these drainage ditches were dominated by a diversity of invertebrates typical of wetland habitats, such as midges, mosquitoes, water beetles, physid snails, and water fleas. Negative effects of sulfometuron methyl treatment on these communities in treated watersheds were not observed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Michael, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, 520 DeVall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM michajl@auburn.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2497 EP 2504 DI 10.1139/X06-109 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400014 ER PT J AU Hawley, GJ Schaberg, PG Eagar, C Borer, CH AF Hawley, Gary J. Schaberg, Paul G. Eagar, Christopher Borer, Catherine H. TI Calcium addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest reduced winter injury to red spruce in a high-injury year SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; COLD TOLERANCE; FOLIAR INJURY; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NUTRITION; ECOSYSTEM; PROVENANCES; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM AB Laboratory experiments have verified that acid-deposition-induced calcium (Ca) leaching reduces the foliar cold tolerance of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) current-year foliage, increasing the risk of winter injury and crown deterioration. However, to date no studies have shown that ambient losses in soil Ca have resulted in increased winter injury in the field. In 2003, a year of severe region-wide winter injury to red spruce, we measured the nutrition and winter injury of current-year foliage and bud mortality for red spruce on two watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Thornton, New Hampshire: (1) a reference watershed that has undergone considerable Ca loss attributed to acid-deposition-induced leaching and (2) a watershed that was fertilized with CaSiO3 in 1999 to replace lost Ca. For all crown classes combined, winter injury was significantly greater (P = 0.05) for red spruce on the reference watershed than for spruce on the Ca-addition watershed. Differences in foliar injury were particularly evident for dominant and codominant trees. For these crown classes, red spruce on the reference watershed lost about 75% of their current-year foliage to winter injury, about three times more than foliar losses for the Ca-addition watershed (P = 0.01). Patterns of bud mortality followed that of foliar injury. The only difference in foliar cation nutrition detected was a significantly greater concentration of Ca in red spruce foliage from the Ca-addition watershed relative to spruce from the reference watershed (P = 0.001). Differences in Ca concentration, foliar winter injury, and bud mortality that occurred coincident with watershed Ca treatment provide the first evidence that ambient Ca depletion is associated with elevated winter injury of red spruce trees. C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hawley, GJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM gary.hawley@uvm.edu NR 33 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2544 EP 2549 DI 10.1139/X06-221 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400019 ER PT J AU Busby, PE Adler, P Warren, TL Swanson, FJ AF Busby, Posy E. Adler, Peter Warren, Timothy L. Swanson, Frederick J. TI Fates of live trees retained in forest cutting units, western Cascade Range, Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; DAMAGE AB Live trees, standing dead trees, and downed logs have been retained in some forest harvest sites in the Pacific Northwest to fulfill various ecological objectives. To assess the fates of retained trees following partial cutting of mature forests in the central western Cascade Range in Oregon, we inventoried standing live and dead trees and toppled trees in 21 cutting units in 1993 and 2001. In 1993, 1-10 years after cutting, an average of 65% of the initially retained trees (average of counts for all sites) were alive and standing, 12% had been toppled or topped by wind, 13% had become snags by natural processes, and 10% were converted to snags by management action, including cutting, blasting, girdling, and inoculation with fungi. By 2001, when cutting-unit ages ranged from 9 to 18 years, 54% of the retained trees were alive and standing, 10%-21% had been toppled or topped by wind, 11%-22% had become snags by natural processes, and 14% had been converted to snags by management action. The highest levels of mortality occurred at sites with abundant intentional snag creation and (or) prescribed fire following harvest. The rate of mortality due to windthrow declined over time, possibly because the remaining trees were more windfirm. C1 HJ Andrews Expt Forest, Blue River, OR 97413 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Busby, PE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Forest, 324 N Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. EM busby@post.harvard.edu RI Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2550 EP 2560 DI 10.1139/S06-140 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400020 ER PT J AU Luoma, DL Stockdale, CA Molina, R Eberhart, JL AF Luoma, Daniel L. Stockdale, Christopher A. Molina, Randy Eberhart, Joyce L. TI The spatial influence of Pseudotsuga menziesii retention trees on ectomycorrhiza diversity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; SOUTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FINE-ROOT; VARYING LEVELS; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; SPECIES RICHNESS; FOREST STAND; OLD-GROWTH AB Living retention trees are being used in managed forests to promote a variety of values, including the maintenance of biological diversity. Federal forest plans for the northwestern USA include guidelines that require the retention of a minimum of 15% basal area in harvest units, with the goal of facilitating the development of late-seral stand structure, which is an important habitat element for old-growth forest-dependent species. However, effective levels and patterns of green-tree retention are unknown. We present results of a treatment consisting of 15% basal area, evenly dispersed retention (15%D). We quantified changes in the ectomycorrhiza (EM) community after the 15%D treatment, both near and away from retention trees. Pretreatment samples were obtained between 1 and 24 months before tree harvest. Post-treatment samples were collected within 14-25 months of harvest. In areas 8-25 m from retention trees, there was a 50% decline in the number of EM types per soil core from before to after treatment. Soil cores taken > 5 m from retention trees exhibited a shift in EM community structure. EM-type richness was positively correlated with fine-root-tip density. We demonstrate the potential for retention trees to act as refugia for recolonization of newly established seedlings by ectomycorrhizal fungi. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest ServPacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Luoma, DL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM luomad@fsl.orst.edu NR 72 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2561 EP 2573 DI 10.1139/X06-143 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400021 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Bentz, BJ Munson, AS Vandygriff, JC Turner, DL AF Hansen, E. Matthew Bentz, Barbara J. Munson, A. Steven Vandygriff, James C. Turner, David L. TI Evaluation of funnel traps for estimating tree mortality and associated population phase of spruce beetle in Utah SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE COLEOPTERA; RUFIPENNIS KIRBY COL; DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS L; BARK BEETLE; ANTIAGGREGATION PHEROMONE; HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE AB Although funnel traps are routinely used to manage bark beetles, little is known regarding the relationship between trap captures and tree mortality near the trap. We conducted a 4 year study in Utah to examine the correlation between funnel-trap captures of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) and mortality of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) within a 10 ha block of the trap. Using recursive partitioning tree analyses, rules were developed for predicting spruce mortality and associated levels of beetle population phase (endemic or epidemic), in the current year and subsequent year, for a given level of trap captures. Although model predictions of infested-stem counts had large variances, our results suggest that funnel-trap captures can be reliably used to estimate relative levels of tree mortality, expressed as spruce beetle population phase. Classification-tree analyses indicate that captures of similar to 842 spruce beetles during a season (late May to mid-August) from a single funnel trap represent a threshold between endemic (< 2 mass-attacked stems/ha) and epidemic conditions (>= 2 mass-attacked stems/ha) for either the current or the subsequent year relative to deployment of the funnel trap. Likewise, a lack of infested hosts within 10 m of a funnel trap, also known as spillover, was associated with endemic conditions, whereas trees attacked near the trap correlated with epidemic conditions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. RP Hansen, EM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM matthansen@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2574 EP 2584 DI 10.1139/X06-141 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400022 ER PT J AU Chan, SS Larson, DJ Maas-Hebner, KG Emmingham, WH Johnston, SR Mikowski, DA AF Chan, Samuel S. Larson, David J. Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G. Emmingham, William H. Johnston, Stuart R. Mikowski, Daniel A. TI Overstory and understory development in thinned and underplanted Oregon Coast Range Douglas-fir stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SWISS NEEDLE CAST; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SMALL MAMMALS; YOUNG; LIGHT; DENSITY AB Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests managed for timber in western Oregon frequently lack structure and diversity associated with old-growth forests. We examined thinning effects on overstory and understory development for 8 years after treatment. Three 30- to 33-year-old Oregon Coast Range plantations were partitioned into four overstory treatments: unthinned (similar to 550 trees/ha) and lightly (similar to 250 trees/ha), moderately (similar to 150 trees/ha), and heavily (similar to 75 trees/ha) thinned. Within each overstory treatment, two understory treatments were established: underplanted with Douglas-fir and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) or not underplanted. Thinning increased overstory stem growth, crown expansion, and retained crown length. Thinned overstory canopies began to close rapidly the third year after thinning, decreasing % skylight by approximately 2%/year, whereas % skylight in unthinned stands increased slightly. All seedlings planted in unthinned stands died, whereas eighth year survival in thinned stands averaged 88%. Natural regeneration densities and distributions were highly variable. Understory shrub cover was reduced by harvesting disturbance but recovered by the fifth year. Thinning increased understory plant species diversity, and no shrub species were lost. Thinning to low densities and underplanting has the potential to accelerate development of multilayered stands characteristic of old-growth Douglas-fir forests. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Florence, OR 97439 USA. RP Chan, SS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 307 Ballard Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM samuel.chan@oregonstate.edu NR 72 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2696 EP 2711 DI 10.1139/X06-151 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104NP UT WOS:000241965400034 ER PT J AU Horn, BW AF Horn, Bruce W. TI Relationship between soil densities of Aspergillus species and colonization of wounded peanut seeds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus parasiticus; fungal competition ID PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; DROUGHT-STRESSED PEANUTS; EUPENICILLIUM-OCHROSALMONEUM; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GROUNDNUT KERNELS; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES; CORN AB Soil is a reservoir for Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, fungi that commonly colonize peanut seeds and produce carcinogenic aflatoxins. Densities of these fungi in soil vary greatly among fields and may influence the severity of peanut infection. This study examined the relationship between soil density of Aspergillus species and the incidence of peanut seed colonization under laboratory conditions. Viable peanut seeds were wounded and inoculated with 20 soils differing in composition and density of Aspergillus species and were then incubated for 14 days at 37 degrees C (seed water activity = 0.92). The effect of soil density of individual section Flavi species (A. flavus strains L and S, A. parasiticus, A. caelatus, and A. tamarii), section Nigri, and A. terreus on the incidence of seed colonization was best expressed as a function of exponential rise to maximum. Exponential curves often rose to maximum percentages of seed colonization by section Flavi species that were well below 100% despite high species densities in some soils. Competition primarily among section Flavi species may explain the reduced incidences of seed colonization. An average of two or fewer propagules of each Aspergillus species in the soil at the wound site was required for colonization of 20% of peanut seeds. Other fungal species were capable of invading peanut seeds only when soil densities of sections Flavi and Nigri species were low. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Horn, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM bhorn@nprl.usda.gov NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 52 IS 10 BP 951 EP 960 DI 10.1139/W06-050 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 107KP UT WOS:000242170400005 PM 17110963 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Windes, JM AF Strausbaugh, Carl A. Windes, Juliet M. TI Influence of subsoiling on direct-seeded cereals in southeastern Idaho SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium spp.; fusarium root rot; direct seeding; dryland; subsoiling; no till; zero tillage ID SEMIARID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; ROOT-ROT; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; STUBBLE MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SPRING BARLEY; WINTER-WHEAT; NO-TILLAGE AB The influence of shallow (20 cm deep) subsoil tillage on cereals planted with a no-till planter was investigated for 3 years at two locations in southeastern Idaho. Among Fusariton spp., E culmorum was the primary fungus isolated from diffuse brown-black root lesions in the wetter location (Ririe), while E semitectum, F reticulatum, E equiseti, and E acuminatum were the dominant species isolated at the drier location (Arbon Valley). Increased yields resulting from methyl bromide fumigation indicated that biological factors were limiting the yield. However, subsoiling did not influence nematode populations or fungal root rots. The primary parasitic nematode found at both locations was Pratylenchus neglectus. Subsoiling had a tendency to increase soil moisture at depths between 61 and 90 cm, to increase organic matter, and to decrease nitrogen. Yield increased by 8% or more with subsoil tillage at both locations the first year. Yield increases were not significant in other years, when moisture was particularly limiting or abundant. Subsoiling may prove favorable for cereals planted in a soil-conservation tillage system, but the risk of fungal root rots may increase with such a practice. Additional study is warranted, as subsoil-tillage practices may increase yield and desirable soil parameters without compromising the benefits associated with cereal production in a soil-conservation tillage system. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Strausbaugh, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM carls@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 596 EP 608 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 152ZE UT WOS:000245400200012 ER PT J AU Andersen, HE Reutebuch, SE McGaughey, RJ AF Andersen, Hans-Erik Reutebuch, Stephen E. McGaughey, Robert J. TI A rigorous assessment of tree height measurements obtained using airborne lidar and conventional field methods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BOREAL NATURE-RESERVE; SMALL-FOOTPRINT; LASER SCANNER; DENSITY LIDAR AB Tree height is an important variable in forest inventory programs but is typically time-consuming and costly to measure in the field using conventional techniques. Airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) provides individual tree height measurements that are highly correlated with field-derived measurements, but the imprecision of conventional field techniques does not allow for definitive assessments regarding the absolute accuracy of lidar tree height measurements and the relative influence of beam divergence setting (i.e., laser footprint size), species type, and digital terrain model (DTM) error on the accuracy of height measurements. In this study, we developed a methodology for acquiring accurate individual tree height measurements (< 2 cm error) using a total station survey and used these measurements to establish the expected accuracy of lidar- and field-derived tree height measurements for two of the most ecologically and commercially significant species in western North America, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Tree height measurements obtained from narrow-beam (0.33 m), high-density (6 points/m(2)) lidar were more accurate (mean error +/- SD = -0.73 +/- 0.43 m) than those obtained from wide-beam (0.8 m) lidar (-1.12 +/- 0.56 m). Lidar-derived height measurements were more accurate for ponderosa pine (-0.43 +/- 0.13 m) than for Douglas-fir (-1.05 +/- 0.41 m) at the narrow beam setting. Although tree heights acquired using conventional field techniques (-0.27 +/- 0.27 m) were more accurate than those obtained using lidar (-0.73 +/- 0.43 m for narrow beam setting), this difference will likely be offset by the wider coverage and cost efficiencies afforded by lidar-based forest survey. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Washington, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andersen, HE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM handersen@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 22 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1750 COURTWOOD CRESCENT, STE 105, OTTAWA, ON K2C 2B5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 145KR UT WOS:000244864200004 ER PT J AU Wilhelms, KW Cutler, SA Proudman, JA Carsia, RV Anderson, LL Scanes, CG AF Wilhelms, K. W. Cutler, S. A. Proudman, J. A. Carsia, R. V. Anderson, L. L. Scanes, C. G. TI Lack of effects of atrazine on estrogen-responsive organs and circulating hormone concentrations in sexually immature female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; quail; endocrine disruptor; estrogen; female ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED RESPONSES; TRIAZINE-DERIVED COMPOUNDS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; WISTAR RATS; ESTRADIOL; GROWTH; EXPOSURE AB The widely used herbicide, atrazine, has been reported to exhibit reproductive toxicity in rats and amphibians. The present studies investigate toxicity of atrazine in Japanese quail and its ability to influence reproduction in sexually immature females. Atrazine was administered in the diet at concentrations from 0.001 to 1000 ppm (similar to 109 mg kg(-1) per day) or systemically via daily subcutaneous injections (1 and 10 mg kg(-1)) or Silastic implants. Atrazine did not cause overt toxicity in sexually immature female quail (no effects on change in body weight, feed intake, mortality or on circulating concentrations of the stress hormone, corticosterone). It was hypothesized that if atrazine were to have estrogenic activity or to enhance endogenous estrogen production, there would be marked increases in the weights of estrogen sensitive tissues including the oviduct, the liver and the ovary together with changes in gonadotropin secretion. However, atrazine had no effect on either liver or ovary weights. Atrazine in the diet increased oviduct weights at 0.1 and 1 ppm in some studies. These effects were not consistently observed and were not significant when data from studies were combined. Systemic administration of atrazine had no effect on oviduct weights. Dietary (concentrations from 0.001 to 1000 ppm) and systemically administered atrazine had no effect on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH). The present studies provide evidence for a lack of general or reproductive toxicity of atrazine in birds. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Toxicol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Cell Biol, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA. RP Anderson, LL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM llanders@iastate.edu; scanes@research.msstate.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2006 VL 65 IS 4 BP 674 EP 681 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.01.045 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100EY UT WOS:000241652000019 PM 16516945 ER PT J AU Mauget, SA AF Mauget, Steven A. TI Intra- to multi-decadal terrestrial precipitation regimes at the end of the 20th century SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PAST 4 DECADES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; EARTHS SURFACE; OCEAN; STREAMFLOW; TRENDS; CIRCULATION AB Intra- to multi-decadal (IMD) variation in terrestrial precipitation during 1901-98 was evaluated here by sampling annual precipitation rankings over 6-30 year moving time windows and converting those rankings to Mann-Whitney U statistics. Those U statistics were then used to identify the most significant concentrations of wet and dry years relative to a null hypothesis that assumes stationary climate variability. This time series analysis approach served as the basis of a climate survey method used to identify IMD precipitation regimes over continental areas, and was also used to evaluate IMD variation in time series of annual precipitation spatially averaged over those areas. These methods showed a highly significant incidence of wet years over North America during 1972-98, with 8 of the 10 wettest years of 1901-98 occurring during that 27-year period. A comparably significant incidence of late century wetness was also found over a northern Europe grid region, with 7 of the 10 wettest years occurring during 1978-98. Although significant wet and dry regimes were also found over other land areas in the last decades of the 20th century, the late century North American and northern European wet periods stood out as the most statistically significant found here during 1901-98. It is suggested that these recent wet periods are actually terrestrial evidence of a single multi-decadal precipitation mode extending across the North Atlantic, and the most observable evidence of an even broader pattern of recent North Atlantic climate change. C1 USDA ARS, USDA Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Mauget, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, USDA Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM smauget@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 78 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2006 VL 78 IS 2-4 BP 317 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9129-z PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 089RM UT WOS:000240898300004 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Fach, SJ Palmer, MV Sacco, RE Stoffregen, WC Waters, WR AF Olsen, S. C. Fach, S. J. Palmer, M. V. Sacco, R. E. Stoffregen, W. C. Waters, W. R. TI Immune responses of elk to initial and booster vaccinations with Brucella abortus strain RB51 or 19 SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; O-POLYSACCHARIDE; BALB/C MICE; RB51; CATTLE; EFFICACY; VACCINES; INFECTION; ASSAY; BCG AB Previous studies have suggested that currently available brucellosis vaccines induce poor or no protection in elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). In this study, we characterized the immunologic responses of elk after initial or booster vaccination with Brucella abortus strains RB51 (SRB51) and 19 (S19). Elk were vaccinated with saline or 10(10) CFU of SRB51 or S19 (n = seven animals/treatment) and booster vaccinated with a similar dosage of the autologous vaccine at 65 weeks. Compared to nonvaccinates, elk vaccinated with SRB51 or S19 had greater (P < 0.05) antibody responses to SRB51 or S19 after initial vaccination and after booster vaccination. Compared to nonvaccinated elk, greater (P < 0.05) proliferative responses to autologous antigen after initial vaccination occurred at only a few sample times in SRB51 (6, 14, and 22 weeks) and S19 (22 weeks) treatment groups. In general, proliferative responses of vaccinates to nonautologous antigens did not differ (P > 0.05) from the responses of nonvaccinated elk. Gamma interferon production in response to autologous or nonautologous Brucella antigens did not differ (P > 0.05) between controls and vaccinates after booster vaccination. Flow cytometric techniques suggested that proliferation occurred more frequently in immunoglobulin M-positive cells, with differences between vaccination and control treatments in CD4(+) and CD8(+) subset proliferation detected only at 22 weeks after initial vaccination. After booster vaccination, one technique ([H-3]thymidine incorporation) suggested that proliferative responses to SRB51 antigen, but not S19 antigen, were greater (P < 0.05) in vaccinates compared to the responses of nonvaccinates. However, in general, How cytometric and other techniques failed to detect significant anamnestic responses to autologous or nonautologous Brucella antigens in S19 or SRB51 vaccinates after booster vaccination. Although some cellular immune responses were detected after initial or booster vaccination of elk with SRB51 or S19, our data suggest that responses tend to be transient and much less robust than previously reported in SRB51-vaccinated cattle (Bos taurus) or bison (Bison bison). These data may explain why the vaccination of elk with S19 and SRB51 induces poor protection against brucellosis. C1 USDA ARS, NADC, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, NADC, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NADC, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1098 EP 1103 DI 10.1128/CVI.00213-06 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 100EV UT WOS:000241651700005 PM 17028213 ER PT J AU Vinokurov, KS Elpidina, EN Oppert, B Prabhakar, S Zhuzhikov, DP Dunaevsky, YE Belozersky, MA AF Vinokurov, K. S. Elpidina, E. N. Oppert, B. Prabhakar, S. Zhuzhikov, D. P. Dunaevsky, Y. E. Belozersky, M. A. TI Diversity of digestive proteinases in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) larvae SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tenebrio molitor; yellow mealworm; organization of digestion; insect digestive proteinases ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; CHYMOTRYPSIN-LIKE; PROTEASE GENES; PROTEOLYTIC-ENZYMES; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; YELLOW MEALWORM; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; BETA-PROTEASE; MIDGUT; TRYPSIN AB The spectrum of Tenebrio molitor larval digestive protemases was studied in the context of the spatial organization of protein digestion in the midgut. The pH of midgut contents increased from 5.2-5.6 to 7.8-8.2 from the anterior to the posterior. This pH gradient was reflected in the pH optima of the total proteolytic activity, 5.2 in the anterior and 9.0 in the posterior midgut. When measured at the pH and reducing conditions characteristic of each midgut section, 64% of the total proteolytic activity was in the anterior and 36% in the posterior midgut. In the anterior midgut, two-thirds of the total activity was due to cysteine proteinases, whereas the rest was from serine protemases. In contrast, most (76%) of the proteolytic activity in the posterior midgut was from serine proteinases. Cysteine protemases from the anterior were represented by a group of anionic fractions with similar electrophoretic mobility. Trypsin-like activity was predominant in the posterior midgut and was due to one cationic and three anionic protemases. Chymotrypsin-like protemases also were prominent in the posterior midgut and consisted of one cationic and four anionic protemases, four with an extended binding site. Latent protemase activity was detected in each midgut section. These data support a complex system of protein digestion, and the correlation of protemase activity and pH indicates a physiological mechanism of enzyme regulation in the gut. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Entomol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst PhysicoChem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu RI Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011; Dunaevsky, Yakov/H-6105-2012; Belozersky, Mikhail/H-5714-2012; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 NR 56 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 145 IS 2 BP 126 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.05.005 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 095GT UT WOS:000241296900002 PM 16859942 ER PT J AU Vinokurov, KS Elpidina, EN Oppert, B Prabhakar, S Zhuzhikov, DP Dunaevsky, YE Belozersky, MA AF Vinokurov, K. S. Elpidina, E. N. Oppert, B. Prabhakar, S. Zhuzhikov, D. P. Dunaevsky, Y. E. Belozersky, M. A. TI Fractionation of digestive proteinases from Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) larvae and role in protein digestion SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tenebrio molitor; yellow mealworm; insect digestive proteinases; cysteine proteinases; oat 12S globulin ID MIDGUT; TRYPSIN; ENZYMES; SEEDS AB Tenebrio molitor larval digestive proteinases were purified and characterized by gel filtration chromatography combined with activity electrophoresis. Cysteine proteinases, consisting of at least six distinct activities, were found in three chromatographic peaks in anterior and posterior midgut chromatographics. The major activity in the anterior midgut, peak cys II, consisted of cysteine proteinases with Mm of 23 kDa. The predominant peak in the posterior, cys 1, was represented by 38 kDa proteinases. The activities of all cysteine proteinases were maximal in buffers from pH 5.0 to 7.0, with 80% stability at pH values from 4.0 to 7.0. In the conditions of the last third of the midgut, the activity and stability of cysteine proteinases was sharply decreased. Trypsin-like activity included a minor peak of "heavy" trypsins with Mm 59 kDa, located mainly in the anterior midgut. An in vitro study of the initial stages of digestion of the main dietary protein, oat 12S globulin, by anterior midgut proteinases revealed that hydrolysis occurred through the formation of intermediate high-Mm products, similar to those formed during oat seed germination. Cysteine proteinases from the cys III peak and heavy trypsins were capable of only limited proteolysis of the protein, whereas incubation with cys II proteinases resulted in substantial hydrolysis of the globulin. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Entomol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst PhysicoChem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu RI Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011; Dunaevsky, Yakov/H-6105-2012; Belozersky, Mikhail/H-5714-2012; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 145 IS 2 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.05.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 095GT UT WOS:000241296900003 PM 16926103 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS Showler, AT AF Fletcher, Reginald S. Showler, Allan T. TI Surveying kaolin-treated cotton plots with airborne multispectral digital video imagery SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; surround wettable powder; electronic digital video imagery; multispectral ID PARTICLE FILM; INCREASING FOLIAGE; GRAIN-SORGHUM; YIELD; LEPIDOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; OVIPOSITION; REFLECTANCE; SUPPRESSION; TORTRICIDAE AB Airborne multispectral digital video imagery was evaluated as tool for surveying kaolin-treated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plots, with emphasis on decision support. Images of experimental plots were obtained on 12 June 2002 and 16 June 2004 with an electronic digital video imaging system acquiring blue (447-455 nm), green (555-565 nm), red (625-635 nm), near-infrared (814-826 nm), and mid-infrared (1631-1676 nm) imagery. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the single band images and color and false color composite images to compare the image responses of treated plots with the image responses of untreated plots. Blue, green, and red imagery separated the treated plots from the untreated plots (Dunnett's test and t-test; P = 0.05), with the blue imagery being the most responsive to the treatment. Treated plots were readily differentiated from untreated plots with natural color and false color composite imagery. This separation was attributed to the images that were sensitive to some portion of the visible spectrum (i.e., blue, green, and red light). These results indicate that airborne electronic imaging systems have great potential as tools for surveying cotton fields treated with kaolin particle film, supporting application of the imagery as a decision support tool. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM rfletche@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2006.06.004 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 099TF UT WOS:000241618100001 ER PT J AU Lefcout, AM Kim, MS Chen, YR Kang, S AF Lefcout, Alan M. Kim, Moon S. Chen, Yud-Ren Kang, Sukwon TI Systematic approach for using hyperspectral imaging data to develop multispectral imagining systems: Detection of feces on apples SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; reflectance; hyperspectral imaging; Imaging; fecal contamination ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; FLUORESCENCE; INSPECTION; CALYX; REFLECTANCE; QUALITY; DEFECTS; IMAGERY; STEM AB The large size of data sets generated using hyperspectral imaging techniques significantly increases both the capability and difficulty of designing detection and classification systems. Of particular interest is the confluence with increasing use of multispectral imaging in machine vision, particularly in the area of food safety inspection. The purpose of this study was to develop a robust method for selecting one or two wavelengths for multispectral detection systems using hyperspectral data. The actual performance of detection algorithms in terms of true positives and false positives was used as optimization criteria. Detection of fecal contamination on apples is an important health safety issue. Prior observations suggest reflectance or fluorescence imaging in the visible to near infrared can be used to detect such contamination. For this study, 1:2, 1:20, and 1:200 dilutions of dairy feces were applied to 100 Golden and 100 Red Delicious apples. Apples were imaged using a hyperspectral system, and a uniform power transformation was used to reduce inter-apple intensity variability. Detection was accomplished by applying a binary threshold to transformed single wavelength images and images construct using ratios or differences of images at two different wavelengths. Optimization criteria allowed for a maximum of three false positives. For reflectance imaging, maximum detection rates for 1:20 dilution spots on Golden and Red Delicious apples images were 100% and 62.5% using R816-R697 and R784-R738, respectively. For fluorescence imaging, maximum detection rates for 1:200 dilution spots on Golden and Red Delicious apples were 97.9% and 58.3% using F665/F602 and F647/F482, respectively. In all case, more concentrated dilution spots were detected at 100%. Maximum detection rates for Red Delicious apples required use of a Prewitt edge-detection filter. In comparison, tests of wavelengths and algorithms identified in previous studies using statistical methods such as principal component analysis produced lower detection rates, mainly due to problems with false positives. The procedures used for developing detection algorithms are not specific to detecting feces on apples, and it is theoretically easy to extend the results to detection schemes involving many wavelengths. The problem is the classical dilemma of rapidly increasing computational time. Still, given the costs of thoroughly testing a candidate detection algorithm, the time maybe warranted. Furthermore, as machine vision systems are often limited to one or two wavelengths due to practical considerations including cost, exhaustive search algorithms based-on optimizing the output of candidate detection algorithms should be cost-effective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Agr Mechanizat Res Inst, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. RP Lefcout, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 303 Power Mill Rd,, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alefcour@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 22 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2006.06.002 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 099TF UT WOS:000241618100003 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Bayles, DO AF Smith, James L. Bayles, Darrell O. TI The contribution of cytolethal distending toxin to bacterial pathogenesis SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CDT; apoptosis; cell cycle arrest; virulence; chancroid; peridontitis; diarrhea; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; Helicobacter; Salmonella; Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Haemophilus ducreyi ID CELL-CYCLE ARREST; NF-KAPPA-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-STRAINS; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT CELLS; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS; DNA-DAMAGE CHECKPOINT; HUMAN MONOCYTIC CELLS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS AB Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a bacterial toxin that initiates a eukaryotic cell cycle block at the G(2) stage prior to mitosis. CDT is produced by a number of bacterial pathogens including: Campylobacter species, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Shigella dystenteriae, enterohepatic Helicobacter species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (the cause of aggressive periodontitis), and Haemophilus ducreyi (the cause of chancroid). The functional toxin is composed of three proteins; CdtB potentiates a cascade leading to cell cycle block, and CdtA and CdtC function as dimeric subunits, which bind CdtB and delivers it to the mammalian cell interior. Once inside the cell, CdtB enters the nucleus and exhibits a DNase I-like activity that results in DNA double-strand breaks. The eukaryotic cell responds to the DNA double-strand breaks by initiating a regulatory cascade that results in cell cycle arrest, cellular distension, and cell death. Mutations in CdtABC that cause any of the three subunits to lose function prevent the bacterial cell from inducing cytotoxicity. The result of CDT activity can differ somewhat depending on the eukaryotic cell types affected. Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes undergo G(2) cell cycle arrest, cellular distension, and death; fibroblasts undergo G(1) and G(2) arrest, cellular distension, and death; and immune cells undergo G(2) arrest followed by apoptosis. CDT contributes to pathogenesis by inhibiting both cellular and humoral immunity via apoptosis of immune response cells, and by generating necrosis of epithelial-type cells and fibroblasts involved in the repair of lesions produced by pathogens resulting in slow healing and production of disease symptoms. Thus, CDT may function as a virulence factor in pathogens that produce the toxin. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jlsmith@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 148 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 227 EP 248 DI 10.1080/10408410601023557 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 108BV UT WOS:000242216200004 PM 17123907 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Ives, SE Engler, MJ Welsh, TH Hallford, DM Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, T. S. Callaway, T. R. Ives, S. E. Engler, M. J. Welsh, T. H. Hallford, D. M. Genovese, K. J. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Effect of ractopamine HCl supplementation on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella in feedlot cattle SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH; PREVALENCE; AGONISTS; STRESS; CALVES AB The effects of the beta-agonist ractopamine, recently approved for use in feedlot cattle to improve carcass quality and performance, on fecal shedding Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in feedlot cattle was examined. In the first study, 20 feedlot steers and heifers were randomly assigned to receive ractopamine or no ractopamine (control) by way of oral bolus for 28 days. Fecal samples were collected daily, and shedding of E. coli O157:H7 determined. When examined during the entire 28-day experimental period, ractopamine decreased (P = 0.0006) the percentage of cattle shedding E. coli O157:H7 (58% vs. 42% for control and ractopamine treatments, respectively). A second study was conducted in a commercial feedlot facility in the southwestern United States. Eighteen pens of cross-bred beef heifers (approximately 100 head/pen and 9 pens/treatment) were randomly assigned to receive either 0 (control) or 200 mg ractopamine/head(.)d(-1). Fresh fecal samples (30/pen) were collected off the pen floor before ractopamine supplementation and again after approximately 28 days of ractopamine supplementation (within a few days of slaughter); the samples were cultured for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. The percentage of animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 was decreased when data were pooled across replicates (P = 0.05) in ractopamine-treated cattle compared with controls. The percentage of animals shedding Salmonella tended to be higher (P = 0.08) with the ractopamine treatment when data were pooled across replicates. Although further research is required to confirm these results, the potential food safety implications of this research are intriguing. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Cactus Feeders Inc, Amarillo, TX 79116 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s00284-006-0200-9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 088IY UT WOS:000240806600015 PM 16972129 ER PT J AU Paczoska-Eliasiewicz, HE Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Proudman, J Jacek, T Mika, M Sechman, A Rzasa, J Gertler, A AF Paczoska-Eliasiewicz, Helena Elzbieta Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika Proudman, John Jacek, Tornasz Mika, Maria Sechman, Andrzej Rzasa, Janusz Gertler, Arieh TI Exogenous leptin advances puberty in domestic hen SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leptin; puberty; chicken; apoptosis; ovary; follicular development ID RECOMBINANT HUMAN LEPTIN; NORMAL FEMALE MICE; GROWTH-HORMONE GH; SEXUAL MATURITY; CHICKEN LEPTIN; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; FOOD-INTAKE; PLASMA; ONSET AB The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of recombinant chicken leptin administered to fed ad libitum and feed-restricted immature chickens of a layer strain on ovarian development and the timing of sexual maturity. In the first experiment 11-week-old pullets (77 days of age) fed ad libitum were injected daily with leptin at four dose levels (4, 16, 64 and 256 mu g/kg body weight) until sexual maturity (lay of the first egg). Leptin treatment at the highest dose significantly (P < 0.05) advanced the onset of puberty (day 116.3 +/- 1.0) in comparison to controls (day 121.3 +/- 1.2). The rises of luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone in blood plasma were also advanced by leptin treatment. In the second experiment, both full-fed and feed-restricted pullets (79 days of age) were injected daily with leptin (256 mu g/kg body weight). In birds fed ad libitum, exogenous leptin again significantly (P < 0.05) advanced first ovipostion (day 118.4 +/- 1.4 versus day 124.4 +/- 1.7), while abolishing the significant (P < 0.05) delay caused by feed restriction (day 131.5 +/- 1.6) and restoring the normal onset of sexual maturity (day 125.7 +/- 1.6). Analysis of the ovaries in 106-day-old pullets revealed that leptin injections advanced follicular development, particularly in birds fed ad libitum, and significantly (P < 0.01) reduced follicular apoptosis both in full-fed and feed-restricted birds. In conclusion, we have shown that in female chickens exogenous leptin advances the onset of puberty by attenuation of ovarian apoptosis and enhancement of folliculogenesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Agr, Dept Anim Physiol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Paczoska-Eliasiewicz, HE (reprint author), Univ Agr, Dept Anim Physiol, Mickiewicza 24-28, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. EM rzeliasi@cyf-kr.edu.pl NR 75 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.10.005 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 086II UT WOS:000240666600001 PM 16303278 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Castleberry, SB Mengak, MT Rodrigue, JL Feller, DJ Russell, KR AF Ford, W. Mark Castleberry, Steven B. Mengak, Michael T. Rodrigue, Jane L. Feller, Daniel J. Russell, Kevin R. TI Persistence of Allegheny woodrats Neotoma magister across the mid-Atlantic Appalachian Highlands landscape, USA SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; FOREST; CONSERVATION; CONNECTIVITY; POPULATIONS; MODEL; MICROHABITAT; EXTINCTION; PARASITES; PARADIGM AB We examined a suite of macro-habitat and landscape variables around active and inactive Allegheny woodrat Neotoma magister colony sites in the Appalachian Mountains of the mid-Atlantic Highlands of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia using an information-theoretic modeling approach. Logistic regression analyses suggested that Allegheny woodrat presence was related positively to distance to the nearest occupied colony site and was influenced by location within physiographic subprovince. Colony sites were more likely to be active to the west (Allegheny Plateau) than the east (Blue Ridge/Piedmont), and colony sites were less likely to be active north of the Potomac River where land use and human disturbance patterns in the region were more intensive. Support also was generated for a presence-absence model that included forest cover within a 1-km radius of colony sites, although its importance was equivocal in this heavily forested region. Allegheny woodrats rely on emergent rock habitats for denning, and mast-bearing forest communities for foraging, and appear to display a metapopulation structure that is sensitive to a combination of natural and anthropogenically-induced isolation pressures that are recognizable but difficult to manage or mitigate. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Nat Heritage Program, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 3 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 745 EP 754 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098FT UT WOS:000241507100010 ER PT J AU Shriner, SA Wilson, KR Flather, CH AF Shriner, Susan A. Wilson, Kenneth R. Flather, Curtis H. TI Reserve networks based on richness hotspots and representation vary with scale SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; conservation planning; grain; hotspots; map resolution; MARXAN; representation; reserve selection; selection algorithms; spatial scale; species richness ID SPECIES-RICHNESS; SPATIAL SCALE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; DEPENDENCE; SELECTION; STRATEGIES; MAMMALS; TARGETS AB While the importance of spatial scale in ecology is well established, few studies have investigated the impact of data grain on conservation planning outcomes. In this study, we compared species richness hotspot and representation networks developed at five grain sizes. We used species distribution maps for mammals and birds developed by the Arizona and. New Mexico Gap Analysis Programs (GAP) to produce 1-km(2), 100-km(2) 625-km(2), 2500-km(2), and 10000-km(2) grid cell resolution distribution maps. We used these distribution maps to generate species richness and hotspot (95th quantile) maps for each taxon in each state. Species composition information at each grain size was used to develop two types of representation networks using the reserve selection software MARXAN. Reserve selection analyses were restricted to Arizona birds due to considerable computation requirements. We used MARXAN to create best reserve networks based on the minimum area required to represent each species at least once and equal area networks based on irreplaceability values. We also measured the median area of each species' distribution included in hotspot (mammals and birds of Arizona and New Mexico) and irreplaceability (Arizona birds) networks across all species. Mean area overlap between richness hotspot reserves identified at the five grain sizes was 29% (grand mean for four within-taxon/state comparisons), mean overlap for irreplaceability reserve networks was 32%, and mean overlap for best reserve networks was 53%. Hotspots for mammals and birds showed low overlap with a mean of 30%. Comparison of hotspots and irreplaceability networks showed very low overlap with a mean of 13%. For hotspots; median species distribution area protected within reserves declined monotonically from a high of 11% for 1-km(2) networks down to 6% for 10000-km(2) networks. Irreplaceability networks showed a similar, but more variable, pattern of decline. This work clearly shows that map resolution has a profound effect on conservation planning outcomes and that hotspot and representation outcomes may be strikingly dissimilar. Thus, conservation planning is scale dependent, such that reserves developed using coarse-grained data do not subsume fine-grained reserves. Moreover, preserving both full species representation and species rich areas may require combined reserve design strategies. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS, WS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Shriner, SA (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS, WS, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM shriner@cnr.colostate.edu RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012; OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126; Shriner, Susan/0000-0003-0349-7182 NR 55 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1660 EP 1673 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1660:RNBORH]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096FG UT WOS:000241362400004 PM 17069361 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Andow, DA Heimpel, GE AF Lee, Jana C. Andow, David A. Heimpel, George E. TI Influence of floral resources on sugar feeding and nutrient dynamics of a parasitoid in the field SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthrone test; aphid honeydew; buckwheat; Diadegma insulare; feeding ecology; floral nectar; glycogen; habitat diversification; lipids ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS; LEAFROLLERS LEPIDOPTERA; MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII; RAPID-DETERMINATION; SEARCHING BEHAVIOR; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; URBAN LANDSCAPES; NATURAL ENEMIES AB 1. To investigate how floral resources impact feeding and nutrient dynamics of parasitoids, the ichneumonid Diadegma insulare (Cresson) was monitored in cabbage fields with and without buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench borders. Biochemical analyses of field-collected wasps determined whether sugar feeding occurred, and whether it enhanced nutrient levels and increased parasitism of diamondback larvae Plutella xylostella (L.) from 2000 to 2003. The effects of experimental spatial scale on sugar feeding dynamics were also evaluated in 2001. 2. The majority of D. insulare foraging on cabbage had fed upon sugar, but floral borders did not consistently increase the proportion of sugar-fed wasps or their levels of glycogen and lipid over all 4 years. Floral borders increased sugar storage by females in 2001. More females fed on sugar when experimental plots were separated by at least 800 m compared with 67 m. 3. Feeding on buckwheat nectar vs. honeydew produced by the soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura in surrounding fields was distinguished using the ratio of fructose to total sugars, which was higher in nectar- than in honeydew-fed parasitoids. Floral borders increased the probability that females collected from adjacent crops were nectar-fed in 2002, demonstrating that floral resources were utilised by foraging parasitoids. Diadegma insulare that fed upon any sugar source had higher levels of sugar and glycogen than unfed wasps, and feeding on honeydew appeared to enhance nutrient storage. 4. The prevalence of sugar or nectar feeding by female D. insulare was not correlated with parasitism rates over the 4 years from all plots, but nectar feeding was positively correlated with parasitism rates within floral plots. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 720 Olive Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jctlee@ucdavis.edu NR 59 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 470 EP 480 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2006.00800.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 082QS UT WOS:000240402600009 ER PT J AU Wright, JW Davies, KF Lau, JA McCall, AC Mckay, JK AF Wright, Jessica W. Davies, Kendi F. Lau, Jennifer A. McCall, Andrew C. McKay, John K. TI Experimental verification of ecological niche modeling in a heterogeneous environment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological niche modeling; edaphic variation; GAM models; local adaptation; niche differentiation; serpentine soils; transplant experiments ID SPECIES INVASIONS; SANTA-ROSALIA; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATISM; ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION; ANIMALS; HABITAT; CLIMATE; KINDS AB The current range of ecological habitats occupied by a species reflects a combination of the ecological tolerance of the species, dispersal limitation, and competition. Whether the current distribution of a species accurately reflects its niche has important consequences for the role of ecological niche modeling in predicting changes in species rangesas the result of biological invasions and climate change. We employed a detailed data set of species occurrence and spatial variation in biotic and abiotic attributes to model the niche of a native California annual plant, Collinsia spars flora. We tested the robustness of our model for both the realized and fundamental niche by planting seeds collected from four populations, representing two ecotypes, into plots that fully represented the five-dimensional niche space described by our model. The model successfully predicted which habitats allowed for C. sparsiflora persistence, but only for one of the two source ecotypes. Our results show that substantial niche divergence has occurred in our sample of four study populations, illustrating the importance of adequately sampling and describing within-species variation in niche modeling. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Wright, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, 1100 W Chiles Rd, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM jessicawwright@fs.fed.us RI McKay, John/K-3875-2012 OI McKay, John/0000-0003-4311-5513 NR 29 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 IS 10 BP 2433 EP 2439 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2433:EVOENM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098XU UT WOS:000241557900004 PM 17089652 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Yocum, GD Brandt, SL AF Coudron, Thomas A. Yocum, George D. Brandt, Sandra L. TI Nutrigenomics: a case study in the measurement of insect response to nutritional quality SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Review DE Perillus bioculatus; nutrition; microarray; suppressive subtractive hybridization; biomarker; differentially expressed genes; insect rearing; diet optimization ID PERILLUS-BIOCULATUS HETEROPTERA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RIBONUCLEASE PROTECTION ASSAY; MACULIVENTRIS SAY HETEROPTERA; PREDACEOUS STINK BUG; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; ARTIFICIAL DIET; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS AB Recent developments in the area of nutrigenomics hold the promise of providing valuable information about the impact of nutrition on a wide range of biochemical parameters by investigating how nutrition alters global gene expression patterns. Our goal is to use a nutrigenomics approach to identify insect molecular markers that could be used as early indicators of insect responses to different nutritional sources. Such molecular markers could be chosen for degree of expression and evaluated for suitability as nutritional biomarkers by examining developmental and generational expression. Ideal markers would be highly expressed, manifested in the first generation within one developmental stage, and consistent over many generations. Our objective for the current study was to illustrate the potential discovery of molecular markers using Perillus bioculatus (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), when reared on an optimal vs. suboptimal diet, and analyze the presence of differentially expressed genes resulting from those treatments. In this paper we present preliminary results of microarray and subtractive hybridization experiments that represent the feasibility of using nutrigenomics to assist in analyzing insect responses to nutritional changes and dietary quality with the intent of stimulating further studies in this area. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58015 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM coudront@missouri.edu NR 68 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1570-8703.2006.00461.x PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 082QR UT WOS:000240402500001 ER PT J AU Blackburn, MB Farrar, RR Novak, NG Lawrence, SD AF Blackburn, Michael B. Farrar, Robert R. Novak, Nicole G. Lawrence, Susan D. TI Remarkable susceptibility of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) to ingestion of Pir toxins from Photorhabdus luminescens SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Lymantria dispar; Manduca sexta; Heliothis virescens; juvenile hormone esterase; leptinotarsin; Lepidoptera; Plutellidae; Enterobacteriaceae ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; INSECTICIDAL TOXIN; PROTEIN; LEPTINOTARSIN; BACTERIA; PATHOGEN; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX; TCA AB Genes encoding Pir toxins were cloned and sequenced from Photorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacteriaceae) strain Hm. Cultures of Escherichia coli expressing the Pir A and B proteins were highly toxic when fed to larvae of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), as had been reported previously. Histological examination of P. xylostella larvae fed with recombinant E. coli revealed gross abnormalities of the midgut epithelium, with profound swelling and shedding of the apical membranes. However, the recombinant E. coli had no effect on the growth or mortality of larval Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), or Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Based on these results, P. xylostella is at least 300-fold more susceptible to Pir toxins than other insect species tested, suggesting that they may not be broadly useful as insecticidal proteins. Because Pir B has sequence similarities with N-terminal portions of Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, we also tested the recombinant E. coli against a strain of P. xylostella that is resistant to the Cry 1A toxin, but found no difference in mortality between resistant and susceptible strains. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blackburn, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 011A,Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM blackbm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1570-8703.2006.00457.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 082QR UT WOS:000240402500004 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Campbell, JF Arthur, FH Ramaswamy, SB AF Toews, Michael D. Campbell, James F. Arthur, Frank H. Ramaswamy, Sonny B. TI Outdoor flight activity and immigration of Rhyzopertha dominica into seed wheat warehouses SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE pheromone; monitoring; lesser grain borer; Coleoptera; Bostrichidae; storage pests; integrated pest management; exclusion; sampling ID LESSER GRAIN BORER; PROSTEPHANUS-TRUNCATUS COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; UNITED-STATES; F COLEOPTERA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; TROGODERMA-VARIABILE; TRAPPING METHODS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; BOSTRICHIDAE AB The flight activity of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), was monitored at two Foundation seed wheat warehouses during the 2003 and 2004 field seasons, using pheromone-baited Lindgren funnel traps positioned indoors and outdoors. General stored-product insect activity was also monitored using unbaited sticky traps positioned inside the warehouses around overhead doors. Pheromone-baited traps were useful for monitoring R. dominica activity, however insect captures decreased when lures were not changed weekly. Flight peaks were documented in early May and again from September through October, and insect captures inside warehouses correlated with timing of outdoor captures. Multiple regression analyses showed that slightly more than half of the variability in R. dominica captures could be explained by mean ambient air temperature and wind speed during the 2 h preceding sunset. Stored-product Coleoptera captured on unbaited glue boards around overhead doors included Ahasverus advena, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, R. dominica, Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Trogoderma variabile, and Typhaea stercorea. Door gaskets significantly reduced the number of insect captures on glue boards placed around the overhead doors, and generally restricted their entry to ground level. These studies demonstrated that outdoor pheromone-baited traps are effective monitoring tools for determining when grain-handling facilities are most susceptible to infestation and that exclusion may be an effective component of a pest management program. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM mtoews@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1570-8703.2006.00462.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 082QR UT WOS:000240402500009 ER PT J AU Schmidtmann, ET AF Schmidtmann, Edward T. TI Testing the relationship between dissolved salts in aquatic habitats and immature populations of the Culicoides variipennis complex (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biting midges; soil chemistry; aquatic insects; vector distribution; aquatic ecology ID OVIPOSITION AB Biting midges of the Nearctic Culicoides varlipennis complex, C. sonorensis Wirth and Jones, C. varlipennis (Coquillette), and C. occidentalis Wirth and Jones, are widespread and locally abundant throughout the United States. An understanding of environmental factors associated with the distributions of respective species is of value because risk for bluetongue disease in livestock is defined by the distribution of C. sonorensis, the primary vector of bluetongue viruses in the United States. This study tested the relationship between dissolved salts and immature populations of the C. variipennis complex by examining widespread and diverse aquatic habitats with larval populations and using discriminant analysis to classify larval habitats by species on the basis of soil chemistry. Aquatic habitats with immature C. sonorensis in British Columbia, Illinois, New Mexico, and Washington were moderate-high in levels of dissolved salts, as is typical for habitats with this species. In contrast, a nearby site with the sister species C. variipennis in British Columbia, as well as aquatic habitats in Illinois, were low in dissolved salts, similar to habitats with this species in the eastern United States. A saline stream in central Washington with C. occidentalis was extremely high in dissolved salts, like the playa lakes where this species occurs in the far western United States, whereas a stock pond near the saline stream was lower in dissolved salts and occupied by C. sonorensis. These data confirm that conspecific populations of the C. variipennis complex occur in habitats that have similar levels of dissolved salts, which differ between species, regardless of geographic location. Reverse stepwise discriminant analysis using new and archived soil chemistry data showed that electrical conductivity and chloride discriminated best between habitats with C. variipennis or C. sonorensis and that the combination of electrical conductivity and calcium had the most power of discrimination between habitats with C. sonorensis or C. occidentalis. Collectively, these findings represent convincing evidence that levels of dissolved salts influence the suitability of aquatic habitats for immature populations the C. variipennis complex and hence in part determine respective species' distributions. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Schmidtmann, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Rm 3354,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM eschm@uwyo.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1154 EP 1160 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1154:TTRBDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600002 ER PT J AU Chen, WL Leopold, RA Morgan, DJW Harris, MO AF Chen, Wen-Long Leopold, Roger A. Morgan, David J. W. Harris, Marion O. TI Development and reproduction of the egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae), as a function of temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; glassy-winged sharpshooter; development; fecundity; temperature ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; CICADELLIDAE; HEMIPTERA; BIOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; SAY; CLYPEORRHYNCHA; TRANSMISSION AB The development, fecundity, and life table parameters of Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault, an egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), were studied in the laboratory at six constant temperatures between 12 and 32 degrees C. At 12 degrees C, the parasitoid failed to develop beyond the third instar, and durations of the egg stage and the first and second instars were prolonged. Development from the egg stage to adult emergence varied from 27.1 d at 16 degrees C to 9.5 d at 28 degrees C. Temperature thresholds for development ranged from 3.8 degrees C for first-instar larvae to 12.8 degrees C for the pupal stage. The thermal constants were lowest for the second-instar larvae (26.7 DD) and highest for the pupae (75.4 DD). Nearly 207 DD were required above the lower temperature threshold of 8.5 degrees C to complete development from egg to adult. The optimum temperature for egg to adult development was 29.2 degrees C. Survival from egg to adult was 67.4% at 16 degrees C and ranged from 83.4 to 86.7% between 20 and 32 degrees C. At 16-32 degrees C, the population had a type I survivorship pattern. At 16 degrees C, longevity of adult females and males averaged 27.1 and 19.0 d, respectively, but declined to 6.4 and 6.9 d at 32 degrees C. At 20-32 degrees C, peak adult emergence occurred on the first day of emergence, but at 16 degrees C, it was greatest on the second day. When exposed to temperatures ranging from 16 to 32 degrees C, the female:male sex ratio was similar, ranging from 3.4 to 5.6. Lifetime fecundity was greatest at 24 degrees C and lowest at 32 degrees C, with the maximum net reproduction also occurring at 24 degrees C. Greatest intrinsic and finite rates of increase, shortest population doubling time, and mean generation time occurred when G. ashmeadi was held at 28 degrees C. The parameters defined in this study can influence geographical distribution and are important for the mass-rearing this wasp as biological control agent for the glassy-winged sharpshooter. C1 USDA, ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. CDFA, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Leopold, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM leopoldr@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1178 EP 1187 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1178:DAROTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600005 ER PT J AU Chong, JH Oetting, RD AF Chong, Juang-Horng Oetting, Ronald D. TI Influence of temperature, nourishment, and storage period on the longevity and fecundity of the mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus sp nov nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; food supplements; storage temperature; storage duration; Phenacoccus madeirensis ID TACHINAEPHAGUS-ZEALANDICUS HYMENOPTERA; ANANATIS GAHAN HYMENOPTERA; COOL STORAGE; LIFE-TABLE; REPRODUCTION; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; PARAMETERS; HOMOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; SURVIVAL AB Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a candidate for biological control of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). P. madeirensis is a serious pest of horticultural crops in the southeastern United States. The first experiment studied the effect of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C) and feeding treatment (starved, hydrated with distilled water, and nourished and hydrated with diluted honey) on adult longevity of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope. Nourished and hydrated female parasitoids survived an average of 52.8 d at 15 degrees C, which was 14 and 8 times longer than starved and hydrated females at the same temperature, respectively, and 8 times longer than nourished and hydrated females at 35 degrees C. The second experiment studied the influence of feeding treatment on the reproduction of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope at 25 degrees C. Nourished and hydrated female parasitoids lived (mean = 14.2 d) and reproduced (mean = 7 d) for a longer duration, parasitized more hosts (mean = 16), and produced more offspring (mean = 45) than starved or hydrated females. The third experiment assessed the longevity and reproduction of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope after storage for various durations (0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 d) at 15 and 25 degrees C. Parasitoids stored at 15 degrees C had increased longevity and a decreased reproductive period but similar parasitism rates and fecundity to those stored at 25 degrees C. The results suggested that the parasitoids could be stored at 15 and 25 degrees C for up to 14 d without significant reduction in fecundity after release. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Chong, JH (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM jhchong@ifas.ufl.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1198 EP 1207 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1198:IOTNAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600007 ER PT J AU Onstad, DW Hibbard, BE Clark, TL Crowder, DW Carter, KG AF Onstad, David W. Hibbard, Bruce E. Clark, Thomas L. Crowder, David W. Carter, Kris G. TI Analysis of density-dependent survival of Diabrotica (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in cornfields SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mortality; western corn rootworm; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; northern corn rootworm; Diabrotica barberi ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; TO-PLANT MOVEMENT; TIME-STEP MODEL; TRANSGENIC CORN; VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; BARBERI COLEOPTERA; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; CONTROLLED INFESTATIONS; POPULATION-DENSITY; TILLAGE SYSTEMS AB We analyzed published field data concerning western corn rootworm (Diabrotica Virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence) survival from egg to adult to create general relationships between density and survival. A series of equations were generated that best fit the data, and these equations may be used to help understand density-dependent survival in future studies. In general, the datasets showed a decline in the proportion surviving to adulthood as egg density increased. The survival of northern corn rootworm was lower than that of western corn rootworm. Data for both natural and mechanical infestations of soil with eggs show decreasing proportion surviving as density increases. Several nonlinear equations fit the data for both species very well. Density-dependent survival can account for differences in observations of insecticide survival at different initial western corn rootworm densities. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Onstad, DW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1201 S Dorner Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM onstad@uiuc.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1272 EP 1278 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1272:AODSOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600017 ER PT J AU Clark, S Szlavecz, K Cavigelli, MA Purrington, F AF Clark, Sean Szlavecz, Katalin Cavigelli, Michel A. Purrington, Foster TI Ground beetle (Coleoptera : Carabidae) assemblages in organic, no-till, and chisel-till cropping systems in Maryland SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carabidae; organic; no-till; chisel-till; cropping systems ID SPECIES RICHNESS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; GENERALIST PREDATORS; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; CORN AGROECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; ARTHROPODS; DIVERSITY; REMOVAL; FIELDS AB Ground beetle assemblages were compared in organic, no-till, and chisel-till cropping systems of the USDA Farming Systems Project in Maryland. The cropping systems consisted of 3-yr rotations of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that were planted to corn and soybean during the 2 yr of field sampling (2001-2002). Each year, ground beetles were sampled using pitfall traps during three 9- to 14-d periods corresponding to spring, summer, and fall. A total of 2,313 specimens, representing 31 species, were collected over the 2 yr of sampling. The eight most common species represented 87% of the total specimens collected and included Scarites quadriceps Chaudoir, Elaphropus anceps (LeConte), Bembidion rapidum (LeConte), Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer), Poecilus chalcites (Say), Clivina impressefrons LeConte, Agonum punctiforme (Say), and Amara aenea (DeGeer). Canonical variates analysis based on the 10 most abundant species showed that the carabid assemblages in the three cropping systems were distinguishable from each other. The organic system was found to be more different from the no-till and chisel-till systems than these two systems were from each other. In 2002, ground beetle relative abundance, measured species richness, and species diversity were greater in the organic than in the chisel-till system. Similar trends were found in 2001, but no significant differences were found in these measurements. Relatively few differences were found between the no-till and chisel-till systems. The estimated species richness of ground beetles based on several common estimators did not show differences among the three cropping systems. The potential use of ground beetles as ecological indicators is discussed. C1 Berea Coll, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Berea, KY 40404 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20075 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Clark, S (reprint author), Berea Coll, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Berea, KY 40404 USA. EM sean_clark@berea.edu OI Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298 NR 61 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1312 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1304:GBCCAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600021 ER PT J AU Briano, JA Calcaterra, LA Meer, RV Valles, SM Livore, JP AF Briano, Juan A. Calcaterra, Luis A. Meer, Robert Vander Valles, Steven M. Livore, Juan P. TI New survey for the fire ant Microsporidia Vairimorpha invictae and Thelohania solenopsae in southern South America, with observations on their field persistence and prevalence of dual infections SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vairimorpha invictae; Thelohania solenopsae; fire ants; dual infections; biological control ID FUNGAL DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; ARGENTINA; BURENELLIDAE; POPULATIONS; PATHOGENS; RICHTERI AB The exploration for the fire ant diseases Vairimorpha invictae Jouvenaz and Ellis (Microsporidia: Burenellidae) and Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen, and Hazard (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) was conducted from 2001 to 2005 in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia, and Brazil. A total of 2,064 colonies were sampled from 262 sites. Three sites with high prevalence of pathogens were monitored periodically for the persistence of the infections. V. invictae occurred at 12% of the sites and in 10% of the colonies. Except for one infected colony in Bolivia, its distribution was restricted to the eastern part of the region surveyed. The highest occurrence was in Santa Fe Province. T solenopsae presented a much wider distribution. It occurred at 25% of the sites and in 13% of the colonies. The highest occurrence was in Buenos Aires Province. This is the first report of T solenopsae in the northwest, in the west, in central Argentina, and in Bolivia, and infecting S. interrupta (Santschi). Simultaneous infections were found at 4% of the sites and in 2.2% of the colonies. The periodical examination revealed high infection levels in most occasions. The prevalence of T solenopsae ranged from 10 to 90% of the colonies, V invictae from 0 to 60%, and dual infections from 0 to 50%. Each microsporidium exhibited a characteristic enzootic/epizootic wave. Successive epizootic levels observed in both infections provide a more constant pressure against fire ant populations. These diseases are promising classical biological control agents of the imported fire ants in the United States. C1 US Embassy, Agr Couns ARS Lab, APO, AA 34034 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Briano, JA (reprint author), US Embassy, Agr Couns ARS Lab, Unit 4325, APO, AA 34034 USA. EM jabriano@speedy.com.ar NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1358 EP 1365 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1358:NSFTFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600027 ER PT J AU Smith, L Drew, AE AF Smith, L. Drew, A. E. TI Fecundity, development, and behavior of Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera : Apionidae), a prospective biological control agent of yellow starthistle SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE life history; laboratory rearing; fecundity; longevity; weed biological control AB A laboratory colony of Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger) was established from adults reared from infested plants of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae), that were collected in eastern Turkey. Newly emerged adults fed on yellow starthistle foliage and mated, but females did not oviposit. The feeding rate of females decreased to almost zero by 16 d after emergence, whereas males continued to feed for at least 26 d. Dispersal activity was initially high but decreased to low levels in 2-3 wk. After 6 wk, most adults were hiding inside tightly curled dry leaves and in the crevices of crumpled paper towel. Insects were held in a cold dark incubator (5 degrees C) for at least 3 mo to terminate reproductive diapause. Females began ovipositing 4.4 d after being placed on yellow starthistle leaves at 19 degrees C. The oviposition period lasted a mean of 20.6 d, and lifetime fecundity was 34.5 eggs. Daily fecundity was high during the first 14 d of oviposition (1.8 eggs/d) and declined to low levels (0.3 eggs/d). Feeding rate of ovipositing females during the first 2 wk was 19.2 holes/d, but this decreased to 4.7 holes/d for the remainder of the 45-d experiment. Female feeding rate was highly correlated to oviposition rate. Development time of eggs until eclosion of larvae at 19 degrees C was 8.5 d and survivorship until eclosion was 73%. Development time from oviposition until adult emergence at approximate to 19 degrees C was 77 d. These results provide a foundation for conducting experiments to evaluate host plant specificity and potential impact on the weed. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, EIW, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, EIW, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1366 EP 1371 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1366:FDABOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600028 ER PT J AU Morath, SU Pratt, PD Silvers, CS Center, TD AF Morath, S. U. Pratt, P. D. Silvers, C. S. Center, T. D. TI Herbivory by Boreioglycaspis melaleucae (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) accelerates foliar senescence and abscission in the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Melaleuca psyllid; plant-insect interactions; defoliation; weed biological control; Florida Everglades ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; SOUTH FLORIDA; HOST-RANGE; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; PAPERBARK TREE; CURCULIONIDAE; MYRTACEAE; LEAVES; PERFORMANCE AB We quantified the density-dependent effects of herbivory by the psyllid Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore on the senescence of expanding and fully expanded leaves from two chemical variants (chemotypes) of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake. Foliar chlorophyll content (OD) and percent nitrogen were not influenced by leaf age classes and chemotypes. In contrast, increases in the level of herbivory resulted in concomitant decreases in chlorophyll compared with undamaged leaves, with medium and high levels of herbivory reducing chlorophyll content by 64 and 72%, respectively. Likewise, low, medium, and high levels of herbivory resulted in 20, 53, and 60% reductions in percent nitrogen, respectively. Color analysis showed that increased herbivory also increased the amount of damaged tissue per leaf across both age classes, but younger leaves showed less susceptibility to herbivory than older leaves. Leaves sustaining moderate to high levels of herbivory progressed from dark green to yellow and finally to light tan as they deteriorated. These changes in color, particularly the yellowing aspect, were often more pronounced along the main leaf veins and vascular tissues. Feeding by B. melaleucae increased the likelihood of leaf abscission by 4.7-fold compared with leaves not subjected to herbivory and was not influenced by leaf age or chemotype. Implications for biological control of M. quinquenervia are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM prattp@saa.ars.usda.gov OI Morath, Shannon/0000-0003-2220-463X NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1372 EP 1378 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1372:HBBMHP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600029 ER PT J AU Milbrath, LR Deloach, CJ AF Milbrath, Lindsey R. Deloach, C. Jack TI Acceptability and suitability of athel, Tamarix aphylla, to the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; Diorhabda elongata; athel; saltcedar; Tamarix aphylla ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HOST-SPECIFICITY; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; TAMARICACEAE; AUSTRALIA; INVASION; RISK AB The leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Brulle) sensu lato has been released in the western United States for the classical biological control of exotic saltcedars (Tamarix species and hybrids). However, athel (T aphylla [L.] Karsten), an exotic, moderately valued evergreen species in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, has not been targeted for biological control. All populations of D. elongata previously examined, including those promising for release in southern areas of the saltcedar infestation, develop and oviposit on athel. Therefore, we assessed more fully the acceptability and suitability of athel to three D. elongata populations (Tunisia, Crete, and Uzbekistan). All populations of D. elongata laid similar numbers of eggs on athel and saltcedar in no-choice tests. In multiple- and paired-choice tests, oviposition on saltcedar was generally greater than on athel but with some notable exceptions and inconsistencies within populations. Increasing cage size delayed the colonization of and oviposition on test plants by small groups of adult beetles but did not change the pattern of egg-laying. For Crete beetles, survival and development were similar for larvae fed athel or saltcedar. Adult size was negatively affected by a larval diet of athel. An adult diet of athel did not reduce lifetime fecundity, although it did decrease egg mass size and delayed the start of oviposition. As a result, the innate capacity for increase decreased. The potential for damage to athel by D. elongata may be higher than previously thought; however, this may be offset by the potential for increased invasiveness of athel. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Milbrath, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lrm32@cornell.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1389 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1379:AASOAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600030 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, GL Scott, WP Abel, CA Robbins, JT Gore, J Hardee, DD AF Snodgrass, G. L. Scott, W. P. Abel, C. A. Robbins, J. T. Gore, J. Hardee, D. D. TI Suppression of tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera : Miridae) in cotton by control of early season wild host plants with herbicides SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; Lygus lineolaris; cotton; early season wild host plant ID LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; HEMIPTERA; ABUNDANCE; ARKANSAS; ADULTS AB Broadleaf weeds found in marginal areas by fields, roads, and ditches were controlled with herbicides in 23-km(2) areas of the Mississippi Delta in March or April of 1999,2000, and 2001. There were two treated and two untreated 23-km(2) areas in each of the 3 test yr. The herbicides used were Trimec (R) or Strike 3 (TM), and both contain mecoprop, 2, 4-D, and dicamba. Broadleaf weeds can serve as early season food and reproductive hosts for tarnished plant bugs, and population buildups can occur on these weeds before movement of plant bugs into cotton. Cotton fields in the treated sites and in untreated 23-km(2) sites were sampled for tarnished plant bugs weekly during June and July of all 3 yr. Overall mean numbers of tarnished plant bugs were significantly lower in cotton in the treated areas. The average reduction in overall mean numbers of plant bugs was 50% for the 3-yr period. Grower costs for insecticides used to control plant bugs were lower in cotton in the treated test sites in all 3 yr. The average net savings in plant bug control costs was estimated at $35,477/yr for growers in the treated areas over the 3 yr of the study. Elimination of broadleaf weeds was found to be an effective method for reducing numbers of plant bugs in cotton. However, it did not reduce numbers of tarnished plant bugs in any year to a level in cotton where additional control with insecticides was not needed. C1 USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Snodgrass, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SIMRU, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM gsnodgrass@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1417 EP 1422 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1417:SOTPBH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600035 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Schmidt, NP Kohler, KA O'Neal, ME Hellmich, RL Singer, JW AF Prasifka, J. R. Schmidt, N. P. Kohler, K. A. O'Neal, M. E. Hellmich, R. L. Singer, J. W. TI Effects of living mulches on predator abundance and sentinel prey in a corn-soybean-forage rotation SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ground cover; predation; pitfall traps; community composition; Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) ID NATURAL ENEMIES; BREVICORYNE-BRASSICAE; RESISTANT CORN; VEGETATIONAL DIVERSITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NITROGEN TRANSFER; MYZUS-PERSICAE; WEED-CONTROL; CLOVER; SYSTEM AB Living mulches are cover crops grown concurrently within main crops for their benefits to weed control and soil quality. Because living mulches increase the diversity of vegetation in agricultural systems, they may impact the abundance or effectiveness of natural enemies. To examine the effects of living mulches on epigeal predators, arthropod abundance and feeding were examined in a rotation of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), and forage crops in 2004 and 2005. Compared with a no-mulch control, the presence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) mulches in corn and soybean increased predator abundance and consumption of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner; Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae used as sentinel prey. A complementary effect of increased predation caused by corn and soybean was found when both annual crops with living mulches were compared with mulches grown alone. Positive correlations between the percentage of O. nubilalis pupae preyed on and ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) abundance suggest carabids contributed to the differences in predation. In 2005, fewer beetles correlated with consumption of O. nubilalis pupae [Poecilus chalcites (Say) and Scarites quadriceps Chaudior] were collected, and living mulch impacts on predation were less frequent. Both changes could be related to delayed herbicidal suppression of the living mulches in 2005, which seemed to homogenize predator community composition among the corn, soybean, and forage plots. Although living mulches alone may not provide sufficient pest suppression, their potential to enhance biological control should be considered along with their other agronomic benefits. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Insectary, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Insectary, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prasifka@iastate.edu RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 40 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1423 EP 1431 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1423:EOLMOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093LU UT WOS:000241170600036 ER PT J AU Rizzo, DM Mouser, PJ Whitney, DH Mark, CD Magarey, RD Voinov, AA AF Rizzo, Donna M. Mouser, Paula J. Whitney, David H. Mark, Charles D. Magarey, Roger D. Voinov, Alexey A. TI The comparison of four dynamic systems-based software packages: Translation and sensitivity analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE model comparison; dynamic simulation; system-based models; canopy surface energy balance ID WETNESS AB Dynamic model development for describing complex ecological systems continues to grow in popularity. For both academic research and project management, understanding the benefits and limitations of systems-based software could improve the accuracy of results and enlarge the user audience. A Surface Wetness Energy Balance (SWEB) model for canopy surface wetness has been translated into four software packages and their strengths and weaknesses were compared based on 'novice' user interpretations. We found expression-based models such as Simulink and GoldSim with Expressions were able to model the SWEB more accurately; however, stock and flow-based models such as STELLA, Madonna, and GoldSim with Flows provided the user a better conceptual understanding of the ecologic system. Although the original objective of this study was to identify an 'appropriate' software package for predicting canopy surface wetness using SWEB, our outcomes suggest that many factors must be considered by the stakeholders when selecting a model because the modeling software becomes part of the model and of the calibration process. These constraints may include user demographics, budget limitations, built-in sensitivity and optimization tools, and the preference of user friendliness vs. computational power. Furthermore, the multitude of closed proprietary software may present a disservice to the modeling community, creating model artifacts that originate somewhere deep inside the undocumented features of the software, and masking the underlying properties of the model. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Comp Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Mouser, PJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 213 Votey Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM donna.rizzo@uvm.edu; paula.mouser@uvm.edu; dwhit1885@yahoo.com; charles.mark@uvm.edu; roger.d.magarey@aphis.usda.gov; alexey.voinov@uvm.edu RI Voinov, Alexey/F-7397-2010 OI Voinov, Alexey/0000-0002-2985-4574 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1491 EP 1502 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.07.009 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069RU UT WOS:000239466700009 ER PT J AU Sherman, J Fernandez, IJ Norton, SA Ohno, T Rustad, LE AF Sherman, Jessica Fernandez, Ivan J. Norton, Stephen A. Ohno, Tsutomu Rustad, Lindsey E. TI Soilaluminum, iron, and phosphorus dynamics in response to long-term experimental nitrogen and sulfur additions at the bear brook watershed in maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE forest soils; acidity; aluminum; iron; phosphorus ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE TREATMENT; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; SATURATION; DEPLETION AB Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) containing compounds affects soil chemistry in forested ecosystems through (1) acidification and the depletion of base cations, (2) metal mobilization, particularly aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe), (3) phosphorus (P) mobilization, and (4) N accumulation. The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a long-term paired whole-watershed experimental acidification study demonstrating evidence of each of these acidification characteristics in a northeastern U.S. forested ecosystem. In 2003, BBWM soils were studied using the Hedley fractionation procedure to better understand mechanisms of response in soil Al, Fe, and P chemistry. Soil P fractionation showed that recalcitrant P was the dominant fraction in these watersheds (49%), followed by Al and Fe associated P (24%), indicating that a majority of the soil P was biologically unavailable. Acidification induced mobilization of Al and Fe in these soils holds the potential for significant P mobilization. Forest type appears to exert important influences on metal and P dynamics. Soils supporting softwoods showed evidence of lower Al and Fe in the treated watershed, accompanied by lower soil P. Hardwood soils had higher P concentrations in surface soils as a result of increased biocycling in response to N additions in treatments. Accelerated P uptake and return in litterfall overshadowed acidification induced P mobilization and depletion mechanisms in hardwoods. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fernandez, IJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ivanjf@maine.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1-3 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9140-2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097NA UT WOS:000241453500027 PM 16738773 ER PT J AU Burkey, KO Neufeld, HS Souza, L Chappelka, AH Davison, AW AF Burkey, Kent O. Neufeld, Howard S. Souza, Lara Chappelka, Arthur H. Davison, Alan W. TI Seasonal profiles of leaf ascorbic acid content and redox state in ozone-sensitive wildflowers SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE antioxidant capacity; ascorbic acid; foliar injury; great smoky mountains national park; native plants; ozone ID MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK; ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS; RUDBECKIA-LACINIATA; LEAVES; PLANTS; AMBIENT; AIR; DETOXIFICATION; METABOLISM; APOPLAST AB Cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.), crown-beard (Verbesina occidentalis Walt.), and tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata L.) are wildflower species native to Great Smoky Mountains National Park (U.S.A.). Natural populations of each species were analyzed for leaf ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) to assess the role of ascorbate in protecting the plants from ozone stress. Tall milkweed contained greater quantities of AA (7-10 mu mol g(-1) fresh weight) than crown-beard (2-4 mu mol g(-1) fresh weight) or cutleaf coneflower (0.5-2 mu mol g(-1) fresh weight). DHA was elevated in crown-beard and cutleaf coneflower relative to tall milkweed suggesting a diminished capacity for converting DHA into AA. Tall milkweed accumulated AA in the leaf apoplast (30-100 nmol g(-1) fresh weight) with individuals expressing ozone foliar injury symptoms late in the season having less apoplast AA. In contrast, AA was not present in the leaf apoplast of either crown-beard or cutleaf coneflower. Unidentified antioxidant compounds were present in the leaf apoplast of all three species. Overall, distinct differences in antioxidant metabolism were found in the wildflower species that corresponded with differences in ozone sensitivity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Burkey, KO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM koburkey@unity.ncsu.edu NR 32 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 143 IS 3 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060ML UT WOS:000238806200006 PM 16460853 ER PT J AU Miladinovic, J Kurosaki, H Burton, JW Hrustic, M Miladinovic, D AF Miladinovic, Jegor Kurosaki, Hideki Burton, Joe W. Hrustic, Milica Miladinovic, Dragana TI The adaptability of shortseason soybean genotypes to varying longitudinal regions SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE soybean; adaptability; environment ID PLANTING DATES; SEED-PROTEIN; SPRING WHEAT; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; MODEL; SIMULATION AB In the present paper, we wanted to determine the soybean genotypes' adaptability to conditions different from those they are usually grown in-different in terms of climate, soil and agronomic practices. We therefore studied the adaptability of northern soybean genotypes (maturity groups 00-II) to two very distant locations with similar latitudes. One is Novi Sad, Serbia, where the varieties have been developed, while the other is Memuro on the island of Hokkaido in Japan. The results of the study showed there were differences among environments for all traits except plant height and seed weight. Although there was an overall positive correlation between the growth period and yield, we also found a difference in yield due to an interaction between environment and variety. The varieties with a longer growing season had higher average yields in favorable years. Plant height and seed weight were generally greater in Japan than in their country of origin due to higher rainfall in Japan. The coefficients of correlation among the traits varied depending on the environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Field & Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. Hokkaido Prefectural Tokachi Agr Expt Stn, Memuro, Hokkaido 0820071, Japan. USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Miladinovic, J (reprint author), Inst Field & Vegetable Crops, M Gorkog 30, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. EM jegor@ifvcns.ns.ac.yu NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.007 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 095ZX UT WOS:000241347900008 ER PT J AU Reardon, TF Ruell, PA Singh, MAF Thompson, CH Rooney, KB AF Reardon, T. F. Ruell, P. A. Singh, M. A. Fiatarone Thompson, C. H. Rooney, K. B. TI Creatine supplementation does not enhance submaximal aerobic training adaptations in healthy young men and women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; endurance; glycogen; performance ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; EXERCISE PERFORMANCE; ENDURANCE EXERCISE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; GLYCOGEN; SPRINT; HUMANS AB The benefits of dietary creatine supplementation on muscle performance are generally related to an increase in muscle phosphocreatine content. However, creatine supplementation may benefit endurance sports through increased glycogen re-synthesis following exercise. This study investigated the effect of creatine supplementation on muscle glycogen content, submaximal exercise fuel utilisation and endurance performance following 4 weeks of endurance training. Thirteen healthy, physically active, non-vegetarian subjects volunteered to take part and completed the study. Subjects were supplemented with either creatine monohydrate (CREAT, n = 7) or placebo-maltodextrin (CON, n = 6). Submaximal fuel utilisation and endurance performance were assessed before and after a 4 week endurance training program. Muscle biopsies were also collected before and following training for assessment of muscle creatine and glycogen content. Training increased quadriceps glycogen content to the same degree (similar to 20%) in both groups (P = 0.04). There was a significant training effect on submaximal fuel utilisation and improved endurance performance. However, there was no significant treatment effect of creatine supplementation. Creatine supplementation does not effect metabolic adaptations to endurance training. C1 Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Hebrew SeniorLife & John Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Flinders Med Ctr, Dept Gen Med, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Rooney, KB (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, C42-Cumberland Campus, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. EM k.rooney@fhs.usyd.edu.au NR 23 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s00421-006-0267-9 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 087BS UT WOS:000240717900002 PM 16896727 ER PT J AU Lievers, KJA Kluijtmans, LAJ Blom, HJ Wilson, PW Selhub, J Ordovas, JM AF Lievers, Karin J. A. Kluijtmans, Leo A. J. Blom, Henk J. Wilson, Peter W. Selhub, Jacob Ordovas, Jose M. TI Association of a 31 bp VNTR in the CBS gene with postload homocysteine concentrations in the Framingham Offspring Study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS); homocysteine; hyperhomocysteinemia; VNTR; Framingham ID CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; RISK-FACTOR; MILD HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; 844INS68; REDUCTASE; MUTATION; VARIANT AB Elevated total plasma homocysteine concentrations (tHcy), both fasting and post-methionine load, have been established as risk factors for vascular disease. Recently, we described the association of a 31 bp variable number of tandem repeats ( VNTR) in the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene with both CBS enzyme activity and tHcy concentrations. In the present study, we determined the 31 bp VNTR genotypes in 2598 individuals of the Framingham Offspring Study and studied the association between this genotype and fasting, 2-h post-methionine load and delta (ie increase upon methionine loading) tHcy concentrations in 1416 subjects. We observed a positive association between the number of repeat units of the CBS 31 bp VNTR and both postload and delta tHcy concentrations. Adjustment for possible effect modifying factors like age, sex and vitamin (B-6, B-12 and folate) status did not change this observation. We hereby confirm the results of our earlier study, in which we found that this 31 bp VNTR is a genetic determinant of post-methionine load tHcy concentrations. Since also post-methionine load tHcy concentrations are found to be associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), this 31 bp VNTR may be considered a risk factor for CVD. C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen MedCtr, Lab Pediat & Neurol, Dept Pediat & Neurol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Med Univ S Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blom, HJ (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen MedCtr, Lab Pediat & Neurol, Dept Pediat & Neurol, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM H.Blom@cukz.umcn.nl RI Kluijtmans, L.A.J./L-4437-2015; OI Blom, Henk/0000-0001-5202-9241; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1018-4813 J9 EUR J HUM GENET JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1125 EP 1129 DI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201677 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 093HD UT WOS:000241158000012 PM 16791140 ER PT J AU He, HQ Genovese, KJ Lowry, VK Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH AF He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. Lowry, Virginia K. Nisbet, David J. Kogut, Michael H. TI Response of nitric oxide production to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in turkey and chicken peripheral blood monocytes SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CpG oligodeoxynucleotides; nitric oxide; monocytes; immune response; turkey; chicken ID PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; BACTERIAL-DNA; IN-VIVO; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; AVIAN MACROPHAGE; TH1 RESPONSES; CUTTING EDGE; MURINE MODEL; T-CELLS AB We evaluated the innate immune response to various synthetic CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) by measuring nitric oxide production in the peripheral blood monocytes from turkey poults. The results indicate that the presence of the CpG dinucleotide in ODNs was a prerequisite for activation of turkey monocytes and induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. CpG motifs and sequence structure of the ODNs were also found to influence stimulatory activity greatly. The most potent CpG ODN to induce NO synthesis in turkey monocytes was human-specific CpG ODN M362, followed by CpG ODN 2006 (human), CpG ODN#17 (chicken) and CpG ODN 1826 (mouse). The optimal CpG motif for NO induction was GTCGTT. Phosphorothioate modification of CpG ODNs also significantly increased stimulatory activity. Compared with chicken monocytes, turkey monocytes appeared to be less sensitive to CpG motif variation, whereas chicken monocytes were found to respond more strictly to human-specific CpG ODNs or ODNs that contain GTCGTT motifs. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrated Biosci, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX USA. RP He, HQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM he@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00129.x PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 082QT UT WOS:000240402700013 PM 16965357 ER PT J AU Ray, JD Fritschi, FB Heatherly, LG AF Ray, JD Fritschi, FB Heatherly, LG TI Large applications of fertilizer N at planting affects seed protein and oil concentration and yield in the Early Soybean Production System SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soybean; ESPS; nitrogen; fertilizer; protein; oil ID N-2 FIXATION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; NITRATE; NODULATION; NUTRIENT; GROWTH; STAGE; SOIL AB An inverse relationship between soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed protein and oil concentration is well documented in the literature. A negative correlation between protein and yield is also often reported. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high rates of A applied at planting on seed protein and oil. Nitrogen was surface-applied at soybean emergence at rates of 290 kg ha(-1) in 2002, 3 10 kg ha(-1) in 2003, and 360 kg ha(-1) in 2004. Eight cultivars ranging from Maturity Group II-IV were evaluated under the Early Soybean Production System (ESPS). However, not all cultivars were evaluated in all 3 years. Glyphosate herbicide was used in all 3 years and a non-glyphosate herbicide treatment was applied in 2002. Cultivars grown in 2003 were also evaluated under an application of 21.3 kg ha(-1) of Mn. All cultivar, herbicide, and Mn treatments were evaluated in irrigated and non-irrigated environments with fertilizer N (PlusN treatment) or without fertilizer N (ZeroN treatment). When analyzed over all management practices (years, cultivars, herbicide, and Mn treatments), the PlusN treatment resulted in a significant decrease in protein concentration (2.7 and 1.9%), an increase in oil concentration (2.2 and 2.7%), and a decrease in the protein/oil ratio (4.7 and 4.6%) for the irrigated and non-irrigated environments, respectively. However, the overall protein and oil yield increased with the application of fertilizer N at planting (protein: 5.0% irrigated, 12.7% non-irrigated and oil: 9.9% irrigated and 18.9% non-irrigated). These increases were due to the increase in seed yield with the application of large amounts of fertilizer at planting. Additionally, a significant correlation (r = 0.45, P = 0.0001) was found between seed protein concentration and seed yield. No significant correlation was found between seed oil concentration and seed yield. The data demonstrate the inverse relationship between protein and oil and indicate that large amounts of N applied at planting do not change this relationship. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Ray, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jray@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.03.006 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 054TP UT WOS:000238401800007 ER PT J AU Coulibaly, I Gahr, SA Yao, J Rexroad, CE AF Coulibaly, I. Gahr, S. A. Yao, J. Rexroad, C. E., III TI Embryonic expression of UCP2 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE development; embryo; fat; mRNA; trout; UCP2; uncoupling protein; yolk sac ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN-2; GENE-EXPRESSION; MIDBLASTULA TRANSITION; OBESITY; MATRIX; TISSUE; BETA; DIET AB Uncoupling proteins are mitochondrial anions transporters that dissociate respiration from ATP synthesis through proton leaks. Uncoupling protein 2 reportedly plays a role in several physiological processes such as energy partitioning, nutrition, and fatty acid metabolism. The mRNA expression of rainbow trout UCP2 genes (UCP2A and UCP2B) was monitored during embryogenesis and early larval development. Both genes were recruited early and displayed similar steadily decreasing patterns from fertilization until hatching. The expression of UCP2A and UCP2B appeared significantly differentiated after hatching and during the yolk sac absorption, with UCP2A displaying higher expression. We suggest that UCP2 expression profiles in the rainbow trout embryo could be associated with the utilization of lipids as a source of energy during development. C1 USDA ARS, Nalt Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. W Virginia Univ, Anim & Vet Sci Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nalt Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 29 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s10695-006-9101-x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 088HY UT WOS:000240804000007 ER PT J AU Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Klesius, PH AF Pasnik, David J. Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Passive immunization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) provides significant protection against Streptococcus agalactiae SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibody; Oreochromis niloticus; passive immunization; Streptococcus agalactiae; tilapia ID RAINBOW-TROUT; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; EFFICACY; FISH; ANTIBODY; VACCINE; DISEASE; INTRAPERITONEAL; INFECTION; VIBRIOSIS AB A study was conducted to determine the role of specific antibodies in immunity to Streptococcus agalactiae. Adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were injected i.p. with tryptic soy broth as control or with S. agalactiae vaccine. Ninety days later, fish were challenged with 1.5 x 10(4) CFU S. agalactiae fish(-1). Blood was drawn from all fish 90 d after vaccination and 25 d after challenge, and the acquired serum was injected i.p. in fingerling Nile tilapia. These passively immunized fish were subsequently challenged 72 It later with 1.5 x 104 CFU S. agalactiae fish(-1), and significantly less (P < 0.0001) mortalities were noted among fish administered serum containing specific anti-S. agalactiae antibodies (0.0-10.0% mortalities) than in control groups (63.3-72.7% mortalities). Heat-inactivation of serum produced no significant differences in mortalities than non-heat-treated serum in groups administered serum containing specific antibodies from vaccinated fish (P < 0.9455) or vaccinated-challenged fish (P < 0.0781). Pre-challenge serum samples indicate that the passively immunized fish had significantly increased (P < 0.0001) specific antibody levels over control fish. A highly significant (r(2) = 0.5892; P < 0.0001) correlation between increased pre-challenge specific serum antibody OD levels and survival after challenge was demonstrated when analyzing the control and passive immunization groups. The results of this study indicate that specific anti-S. agalactiae antibodies play a primary role in immunity to S. agalactiae in fish. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, AAHRL, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. USDA ARS, AAHRL, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, AAHRL, 118B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM dpasnik@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.01.001 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 077WF UT WOS:000240061600004 PM 16531069 ER PT J AU Weirich, CR Riche, MA AF Weirich, Charles R. Riche, Marty A. TI Tolerance of juvenile black sea bass Centropristis striata to acute ammonia and nitrite exposure at various salinities SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; black sea bass; nitrite; salinity ID FRESH-WATER; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; FEED-UTILIZATION; CHLORIDE UPTAKE; ACUTE TOXICITY; FISH; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PERMEABILITY; PROLACTIN AB Experiments were conducted to determine the acute tolerance of juvenile (mean weight +/- standard error, 9.9 +/- 0.9 g) black sea bass Centropristis striata to environmental un-ionized ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N) exposure at various salinities. Specifically, median lethal concentrations (LC50 values) of NH3-N and NO2-N at 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure were determined at salinities of 10, 20 and 30 g/L at 22 degrees C. With the exception of LC50 values determined at 48 h, median lethal concentrations of NH3-N to black sea bass were not influenced by environmental salinity; 24, 48, and 96 h LC50 values ranged from 0.81 to 0.85, 0.65-0.77, and 0.46-0.54 mg-NH3-N/L, respectively. In contrast, tolerance of black sea bass to environmental NO2-N was compromised at reduced salinities. Median lethal concentrations of NO2-N to fish at 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure ranged from 288.3 to 429.0, 258.4 to 358.8 and 190.0 to 241.9 mg-NO2-N/L, respectively. Results indicate that while juvenile black sea bass are relatively sensitive to acute NH3-N exposure, they are highly resistant to NO2-N exposure. C1 ARS, USDA, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Weirich, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM cweirich@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 5 BP 915 EP 921 DI 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2006.01238.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087LF UT WOS:000240743200001 ER PT J AU Wiedenmayer, AA Evans, JJ Klesius, PH AF Wiedenmayer, Alyssa A. Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection in nonabraded channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus by immersion SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; Edwardsiella tarda; Ictalurus punctatus; infection ID FISH C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM jevans@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1124 EP 1126 DI 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2006.01266.x PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087LF UT WOS:000240743200029 ER PT J AU Georgsson, F Porkelsson, AE Geirsdottir, M Reiersen, J Stern, NJ AF Georgsson, F Porkelsson, AE Geirsdottir, M Reiersen, J Stern, NJ TI The influence of freezing and duration of storage on Campylobacter and indicator bacteria in broiler carcasses SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; fecal coliforms; enumeration; freezing/thawing/chilling; storage; poultry ID NORTHERN-IRELAND; RED MEATS; JEJUNI; POULTRY; SPP.; CONTAMINATION; ENUMERATION; SURVIVAL; COLI; DECONTAMINATION AB In total, 215 commercially processed broiler carcasses were examined to determine optimum cultural enumeration, the effects of freezing, method of thawing, and duration of frozen storage on levels of Campylobacter spp. and fecal coliforms. Enumeration studies compared MPN procedures to direct plating onto selective mCCDA agar and indicated equivalency for quantitation of Campylobacter spp. Levels of Campylobacter and fecal coliforms were subsequently estimated by direct plating of carcass rinses. Freezing of naturally contaminated carcasses followed by storage at -20 degrees C for 31, 73, 122 and 220 days showed statistically significant (P <= 0.05) reductions in Campylobacter counts initially as compared with counts found on fresh product. Among 5 lots of broilers, levels of Campylobacter on carcasses were reduced by log mean values ranging from 0.65 to 2.87 after freezing and 31 days of storage. Similar reductions due to freezing were not observed for fecal coliforms counts. The level of Campylobacter was reduced by approximately one log immediately after freezing, and remained relatively constant during the 31-220 days of frozen storage. The levels were constant during 7 days of refrigerated storage. After 31 days of frozen storage there was a reduced rate in reduction of counts among broilers thawed at 7 degrees C as compared to thawing at 22 degrees C with either cultural method (MPN and mCCDA). These findings warrant consideration of the public health benefits related to freezing contaminated poultry prior to commercial distribution to reduce Campylobacter exposure levels associated with contaminated carcasses. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Environm & Food Agcy Iceland, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. Sudurnes Publ Hlth Author, Reykjanesbae, Iceland. Icelandic Vet Serv, Reykjavik, Iceland. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Georgsson, F (reprint author), Environm & Food Agcy Iceland, Sudurlandsbraut 24, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM franklin@ust.is NR 24 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 7 BP 677 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2005.10.003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 053ZS UT WOS:000238345600011 PM 16943068 ER PT J AU Tauer, LW Mishra, AK AF Tauer, Loren W. Mishra, Ashok K. TI Can the small dairy farm remain competitive in US agriculture? SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE cost curve; dairy farms; farm efficiency; farm size; stochastic frontier function ID INEFFICIENCY; EFFICIENCY; MODEL AB Smaller dairy farms in the US are observed to have higher costs than larger farms, and whether those higher costs are due to technology or inefficiency has implications for policy to address the small farm. If high cost of production on smaller farms is due to a higher cost frontier, then to make small farms competitive would require research to devise and design technology that is suitable for small farms. If instead high cost is due to inefficiency, then educational approaches are needed to ensure small dairy farms use technology efficiently. To determine the cause of higher costs on small farms, the cost of milk production by farm size was decomposed into frontier and efficiency components with a stochastic cost curve using data on USA dairy farms. Although the frontier cost of production decreases with farm size, that cost reduction is not as pronounced as a cost curve that includes inefficiency. The higher cost of production on many smaller farms is caused by inefficiency rather than technology. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Tauer, LW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, 451 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Lwt1@Cornell.edu OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 458 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.12.005 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 075EK UT WOS:000239866300005 ER PT J AU Stewart, H Blisard, N AF Stewart, Hayden Blisard, Noel TI The Thrifty Food Plan and low-income households in the United States: What food groups are being neglected? SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Thrifty Food Plan; food stamps; food spending; poverty; low-income households ID STAMP PROGRAM; DEMAND AB Food assistance programs in the United States provide low-income households with the resources to purchase a healthy, nutritious, and palatable diet, if they buy the market baskets of food outlined in the Thrifty Food Plan. This study compares the cost of these baskets with actual spending on food at home by low-income households. Simulations reveal at-home food spending by low-income households to represent only 86% of what is needed to follow the Thrifty Food Plan. Married couples with children and female-headed households with children spend only 73% and 82%, respectively, and just 43% and 50% for at-home fruits and vegetables. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Stewart, H (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room N2134, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM hstewart@ers.usda.gov; nblisard@ers.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.12.002 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 075EK UT WOS:000239866300006 ER PT J AU Keim, RF Chambers, JL Hughes, MS Dimov, LD Conner, WH Shaffer, GP Gardiner, ES Day, JW AF Keim, Richard F. Chambers, Jim L. Hughes, Melinda S. Dimov, Luben D. Conner, William H. Shaffer, Gary P. Gardiner, Emile S. Day, John W., Jr. TI Long-term success of stump sprouts in high-graded baldcypress-water tupelo swamps in the Mississippi delta SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forested wetlands; swamp forests; regeneration ID LOUISIANA SWAMP; NATURAL REGENERATION; FLOODING REGIMES; CYPRESS WETLAND; TAXODIUM; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH; FOREST; DECOMPOSITION; SITE AB Regeneration of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) and water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.) in swamps of the deltaic plain of the Mississippi River are of major importance for ecosystem sustainability and forest management in the context of regional hydrological changes. Water tupelo often forms prolific sprouts from cut stumps, and baldcypress is one of few conifers to produce stump sprouts capable of becoming full-grown trees. Previous studies have addressed early survival of baldcypress stump sprouts, but have not addressed the likelihood of sprouts becoming an important component of mature stands. We surveyed stands in southeastern Louisiana that were partially logged 10-41 years ago to determine if stump sprouts are an important mechanism of regeneration. At each site we inventoried stumps and measured stump height and diameter, presence and number of sprouts, sprout height, and water depth. We determined age and diameter growth rate for the largest sprout from each stump from increment cores. The majority of stumps did not have surviving sprouts. Baldcypress sprout survival was about the same (median 10%) as previously found for stumps up to 7 years old, so it appears that, although mortality is high soon after sprouting, it is low after age 10. Water tupelo sprouting was rare at our sites but it was not clear whether this may have been because trees were not cut at our sample locations. Baldcypress stump sprouts were more likely to survive on shorter, smaller-diameter stumps, and baldcypress sprout growth was greatest on drier sites with less competition from overstory trees. Surviving baldcypress stump sprouts had high growth rates, but were not regularly spatially distributed within stands and many had advancing decay from stumps into sprouts. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Forestry & Ecol, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Keim, RF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rkeim@lsu.edu NR 55 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.06.015 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095EW UT WOS:000241292000003 ER PT J AU Meier, CE Stanturf, JA Gardiner, ES AF Meier, Calvin E. Stanturf, John A. Gardiner, Emile S. TI Litterfall in the hardwood forest of a minor alluvial-floodplain SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE litterfall; leaf fall; reproductive structures; Liquidambar styraciflua; Quercus pagoda; bottomiand hardwoods; minor alluvial floodplain; southeastern USA ID GREAT DISMAL SWAMP; ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ACORN PRODUCTION; LOUISIANA SWAMP; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; PRODUCTIVITY; DECOMPOSITION; COMMUNITIES AB Within mature deciduous forests, annual development of foliar biomass is a major component of aboveground net primary production and nutrient demand. As litterfall, this same foliage becomes a dominant annual transfer of biomass and nutrients to the detritus pathway. We report litterfall transfers of a mature bottomland hardwood forest in a minor alluvial-floodplain within the middle Coastal Plain physiographic province of central Louisiana, USA. Climate is humid subtropical. Floodplain forests of minor alluvial-streams may account for nearly half the remaining acreage of bottomland forests in the Southeastern USA and differ markedly from those of major alluvial-rivers and deep-water swamps. For a 3-year period, litterfall magnitude, components, leaf species, and timing were monitored by monthly collection of materials from litterfall collectors. Variations in litterfall transfers across 10 study-plots and their relationships to forest parameters are evaluated. Mean transfers of total litterfall, leaf fall, reproductive structures, fine wood, and other litterfall were 816, 512, 130, 98, and 76 g m(-2) year(-1), respectively. Quercus pagoda Raf., Q. nigra L., and Liquidambar styraciflua L. accounted for an average of 49% of annual leaf fall, with 11 tree species and canopy vines accounting for 94% of total annual leaf fall. A total of 38 species and genera contributed to total leaf fall. Variation in total litterfall and leaf fall transfers across the alluvial bottom were related to size of overstory trees and their species composition. Higher and more consistent mass transfers of reproductive structures were observed than previously reported for upland hardwood stands. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Disturbance & Management So Ecosyst, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Meier, CE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM cmeier@fs.fed.us; jstanturf@fs.fed.us; egardiner@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 60 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.026 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095EW UT WOS:000241292000007 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A Metlen, KL Coe, K AF Youngblood, Andrew Metlen, Kerry L. Coe, Kent TI Changes in stand structure and composition after restoration treatments in low elevation dry forests of northeastern Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stand structure; ponderosa pine; restoration treatments; thinning; prescribed burning; Douglas-fir ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; PINE/DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNDERSTORY RESPONSE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NORTHERN ARIZONA; USA; HISTORY AB In many fire-dependent forests in the United States, changes occurring in the last century have resulted in overstory structures, conifer densities, down woody structure and understory plant communities that deviate from those described historically. With these changes, many forests are presumed to be unsustainable. Broad-scale treatments are proposed to promote stand development on trajectories toward more sustainable structures. Yet little research to date has identified the effects of these restoration treatments, especially in low elevation dry ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests of northeastern Oregon. We report changes in tree structure, coarse woody debris (logs), and understory composition from an operational-scale, replicated (N = 4), completely randomized experiment. Treatments included a single entry thin from below conducted in 1998, a late season burn conducted in 2000, a thin followed by burning (thin + burn), and a no action treatment which served as a control. Changes in live and dead tree structure and understory vascular plant community composition were compared between pre-treatment and 2004. Tree seedling density and composition and coarse woody debris structure were evaluated in 2004. Thin, burn, and thin + burn treatments reduced the density but not the basal area of live overstory trees. Thinning reduced the number of medium-diameter trees, and tended to decrease the abundance of shade tolerant, moist-site understory species yet increased the dominance of several rhizomatous species such as Calamagrostis rubescens, Symphoricarpos albus, and Spiraea betulifolia. Burning alone had little effect on large trees but reduced the number of small Douglas-fir and logs. Shade tolerant perennial species associated with fine textured soils such as S. albus, Spiraea betulifolia, C. rubescens, Carex geyeri, and Arnica cordifolia increased in frequency and average cover with burning. Conversely, cover of the bunch grass Festuca idahoensis was reduced while non-native invasive species establishment was little affected. Ordination scores suggested that burning increased the abundance of species representing greater shade tolerance and finer-textured soils. The thin + burn treatment left both ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir with modal or normal diameter distributions, and increased the abundance of understory species representing shallow, coarse texture soils. These results are discussed in the context of management options for restoration of ecosystem health in similar low elevation dry ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 76 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 143 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.033 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095EW UT WOS:000241292000015 ER PT J AU Guyette, RP Spetich, MA Stambaugh, MC AF Guyette, R. P. Spetich, M. A. Stambaugh, M. C. TI Historic fire regime dynamics and forcing factors in the Boston Mountains, Arkansas, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozarks; dendrochronology; human population; fire scar; climate; drought; ENSO; AMO ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MISSOURI OZARKS; PINE FORESTS; RECONSTRUCTION; DISTURBANCE; OSCILLATION; GROWTH; SCARS AB We used dendrochronological methods to construct three fire history chronologies in the interior of the Boston Mountains of Arkansas from 281 dated fire scars identified on 86 shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) remnants and trees. We describe and contrast these interior sites with sites on the southern perimeter of Boston Mountains that were documented in an earlier study and examine human, topographic and climatic spatial and temporal controls on these fire regimes. Fire frequency and human population density at the interior sites were positively correlated during an early period (1680-1880) of low levels of population, but were negatively correlated during a later period (1881-2000) as human population levels increased to a much higher level. Wide spread fire occurred more often during drought years in the 1700s with fires likely achieving sizes unprecedented during the last century. The early (before 18 10) fire scar record showed that fire intervals were about three times longer (MFI = 35 years) at the interior sites than at the perimeter sites. Early transitional (1810-1830) settlement by Cherokees at population densities under 0.26 humans/km(2) was highly correlated (r = 0.90) with the number of fires per decade in the interior region of the Boston Mountains. Multiple regression analyses further implicated humans as well as short- and long-term climate variability such as forced by the El Nifio/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Missouri Tree Ring Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. RP Guyette, RP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Missouri Tree Ring Lab, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM guyetter@missouri.edu NR 55 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.07.016 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095EW UT WOS:000241292000028 ER EF