FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Olsen, SC Waters, WR Stoffregen, WS AF Olsen, S. C. Waters, W. R. Stoffregen, W. S. TI An aerosolized Brucella spp. Challenge model for laboratory animals SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; aerosol delivery; efficacy ID ABORTUS STRAIN RB51; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; EFFICACY; MICE; MELITENSIS; VACCINE; PROTECTION; CATTLE AB To characterize the optimal aerosol dosage of Brucella abortus strain 2308 (S2308) and B. melitensis (S16M) in a laboratory animal model of brucellosis, dosages of 10(3)-10(10) colony forming units (CFU) were nebulized to mice. Although tissue weights were minimally influenced, total CFU per tissues increased beginning at 10(6)-10(7) CFU dosages, with 10(9) CFU appearing to be an optimal dosage for S16M or S2308 aerosol delivery. At 12 weeks after vaccination with 10(7) CFU of B. abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) or saline (control), mice were challenged intraperitoneally (i.p.) (6.4 x 10(4) CFU) or via aerosol (1.76 x 10(9)CFU) with S2308. Mice vaccinated with SRB51 had reduced (P < 0.05) splenic, liver and lung colonization (total CFU and CFU/g) after i.p. challenge with S2308 as compared with control mice after i.p. S2308 challenge. Control and SRB51-vaccinated mice did not differ (P > 0.05) in splenic, liver or lung colonization after aerosol S2308 challenge. Failure to demonstrate vaccine protection was not because of a high aerosol challenge dosage as colonization of spleen and liver tissues was lower (P < 0.05) after aerosol challenge when compared with control mice after i.p. S2308 hallenge. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Solsen@NADC.ARS.USDA.GOV NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01063.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 215SE UT WOS:000249828500001 PM 17894637 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Basso, LC de Amorim, HV Paulillo, SCD Basso, TO AF Eggleston, Gillian Basso, Luiz Carlos de Amorim, Henrique Vianna de Lima Paulillo, Silene Cristina Basso, Thiago Olitta TI Mannitol as a sensitive indicator of sugarcane deterioration and bacterial contamination in fuel alcohol production SO ZUCKERINDUSTRIE LA English DT Article DE mannitol; sugarcane deterioration; mannitol dehydrogenase; fuel alcohol production; mannitol enzymatic method; bacterial contamination ID VARIETIES AB Mannitol, formed mainly by Leuconostoc mesenteroides bacteria, is a very sensitive indicator of sugarcane deterioration that can predict processing problems. A rapid (4 to 7 min) enzymatic method has been developed to measure mannitol in juice pressed from consignments of sugarcane delivered to the factory. This method can be easily performed using existing equipment in sugarcane factories, with mannitol being measured spectrophotornetrically using mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH) as the enzyme catalyst. The stability of the reagents, limited cane juice preparation, linearity, accuracy, and precision are described. The method is highly specific for mannitol and was not affected by the presence of sucrose, glucose, fructose, or dextran. The current cost is only similar to 60 U.S. cents per analysis. Mannitol has also been proved to be an advantageous indicator of bacterial contamination. Compared to other indicators, mannitol is not produced by yeast cells but only by some contaminating bacteria (mostly Lactobacillus strains) during fermentation. Its presence can account for unexpected yield drops, and it can be measured easily. A strong correlation existed between mannitol formation and bacteria counts in sugarcane juice and molasses fermentations with induced mannitol producing bacterial contaminations. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fermentec Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Basso, Luiz/C-3120-2012; Basso, Thiago Olitta/H-9312-2012 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG DR ALBERT BARTENS PI BERLIN 38 PA LUCKHOFFSTRASSE 16, D-14129 BERLIN 38, GERMANY SN 0344-8657 J9 ZUCKERINDUSTRIE JI Zuckerindustrie PD JAN PY 2007 VL 132 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 137YM UT WOS:000244329200012 ER PT J AU Briggs, CAD Busacca, AJ McDaniel, PA AF Briggs, C. A. D. Busacca, A. J. McDaniel, P. A. TI Pedogenic processes and soil-landscape relationships in North Cascades National Park, Washington SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; GLACIER PEAK; TEPHRA; SPODOSOLS; CLASSIFICATION; PODZOLIZATION; ALASKA; RANGE; AGE; USA AB Thunder Creek watershed (TCW) in the northern Cascade Range, Washington State provides a complex environment for studying soil formation. Approximately 15,000 cal. yrs BY, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) overrode the watershed during the last glacial maximum and deposited glacial drift that provides the substratum for soil formation today. Since then, the watershed has been blanketed by tephra from Mount Mazama, Glacier Peak, and Mount St. Helens. Soils with the gross morphology of Spodosols (Podzols) and Andisols (Andosols) occur in a complex landscape mosaic in TCW and along the entire Washington Cascade Range. The pedologic conundrum addressed in this paper is whether true Spodosols are forming in these areas, or are they mimics of Spodosols? Based on field morphology and lab analysis, soils in TCW are andic subgroups of Spodosols and Andisols in approximately equal abundance, with lesser areas of Inceptisols (Cambisols) and some Entisols (Gleysols). Field morphology and electron microprobe analysis of glass shards shows that the major volume of tephra, about 8 cut compacted thickness, is predominantly from the eruption of Mount Mazama 7600 cal. yrs BP. Tephra from this eruption has been mixed into the upper 50 ern of glacial drift and colluvium. Fallout from other eruptions in TCW had individual compacted thicknesses less than 2 cm. We conclude that true Spodosols are widespread in TCW; they have albic and spodic horizons. No pseudo-albic horizons of white, unweathered tephra layers were found in TCW. The cold, wet, and dominantly conifer-covered landscape supports podzolization in tephra-rich materials on parts of landforms that have been stable for several thousand years. Andisols are forming in drier microclimates, on gravitationally active landscapes, and under herbaceous vegetation. Inceptisols dominate landforms controlled by water erosion and deposition, where tephra has not been preserved in the soil, and on active avalanche chutes. Entisols were found only on active or recent floodplains. The distribution of each soil order in TCW corresponds to the preservation of tephra, vegetation type, and stability of the landform. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, NRCS, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Briggs, CAD (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, 2021 E Coll Way,Suite 206, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. EM crystal.briggs@wa.usda.gov RI McDaniel, Paul/A-8954-2009 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 192 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.08.015 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 127QI UT WOS:000243601000021 ER PT J AU Lorenz, K Lal, R Shipitalo, MJ AF Lorenz, K. Lal, R. Shipitalo, M. J. TI Stabilization of organic carbon in chemically separated pools in no-till and meadow soils in Northern Appalachia SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; land-use and soil management; soil C depth distribution; chemically separated C fractions ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; LAND-USE; HYDROFLUORIC-ACID; NMR ANALYSIS; BULK SOILS; NITROGEN; MATTER; SEQUESTRATION; ROOT; DECOMPOSITION AB Land use and soil management affects soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, chemical composition of stabilized SOC fractions, and the depth distribution. No-till production of corn (Zea mays L.) is a recommended management practice that reduces soil losses and increases SOC concentration, but the scientific knowledge of the mechanisms of C sequestration and protection is scanty. Therefore, the objective of this research was to compare the SOC pool, C pool in fine roots, and chemically separated C fractions with depth in three pedons from the same soil series: (i) meadow converted from no-till com in 1988 (Meadow), (ii) continuous no-till corn since 1970 (NT); and (iii) continuous no-till corn with beef cattle manure since 1964 (NTm) at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, Ohio. The SOC pool (Mg ha(-1)) from 069 cm was the highest in NTm (76.2) and progressively smaller in NT (49.3) and Meadow (46.6) pedons. The SOC concentrations and pool sharply decreased with depth, but were always more in NTm than NT soil. Fine root C pool (Mg ha(-1)) was much larger in the pedon with perennial vegetation (Meadow, 1.28) than in those under corn (NT, 0.21; NTm, 0.09). The pool of chemically separated C fractions and their depth distribution varied depending on the separation technique. The amounts of C preferentially bound to soil minerals in 0-69 cm depth were comparable among pedons, as indicated by treatment with HF to release mineral-bound SOC. The NTni pedon had a larger pool of recalcitrant non-hydrolyzable C (58.4 Mg ha(-1)), as indicated by HCl treatment. The Meadow pedon stored the smallest pool (3.4 Mg ha(-1)) of oxidisable C, as was indicated by treatment with disodium peroxodisulfate (Na2S2O8). The relationship between chemically separated C fractions and turnover time of SOC at depth, however, warrants further studies. Nevertheless, the results indicate that no-till com with added manure has a high potential for C sequestration by increasing the size of the SOC pool in the subsurface horizons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Lorenz, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lorenz.59@osu.edu RI Lorenz, Klaus/B-7728-2009; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.08.010 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 127QI UT WOS:000243601000022 ER PT J AU Cho, K Torres, NL Subramanyam, S Deepak, SA Sardesai, N Han, O Williams, CE Ishii, H Iwahashi, H Rakwal, R AF Cho, Kyoungwon Torres, Nilka Lineth Subramanyam, Subhashree Deepak, Saligrama A. Sardesai, Nagesh Han, Oksoo Williams, Christie E. Ishii, Hideo Iwahashi, Hitoshi Rakwal, Randeep TI Protein extraction/solubilization protocol for monocot and dicot plant gel-based proteomics SO JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; cucumber; lysis buffer; maize; rice; wheat ID GENE CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HESSIAN FLY; ELECTROPHORESIS; PERSPECTIVES; EXPRESSION; SYSTEM; TRENDS AB Sample preparation in plant proteomics is tedious, requiring modifications depending on the type of tissue involved. Here, we describe a protein extraction protocol for both monocotyledonous (monocot) and dicotyledonous (dicot) species, which significantly improves the solubilization of total proteins. For example, we used the primary leaf tissue and seeds from rice, a cereal crop and genome model system. Total protein was first precipitated with trichloroacetic acid/acetone extraction buffer (TCAAEB) and subsequently solubilized with a modified O'Farrell lysis buffer (LB) containing thiourea and tris (LB-TT). Separation of total leaf proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) revealed improved solubilization, as determined by an increased number of spots detected with Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining. In addition, the resolution was better than when LB-TT was used alone for protein extraction. Seed proteins could be extracted in LB-TT itself without the need for TCAAEB, which resulted in a highly insoluble precipitate. Our C1313-stained 2-D gel protein profiles also demonstrated the efficacy of this protocol for total protein extraction/solubilization from the dicot genome model (Arabidopsis), a dicot disease model (cucumber), and two other important monocot cereal crop models (maize and wheat). Moreover, this is the first report on generating a 2-D gel proteome profile for wheat crown and cucumber leaf tissues. Finally, as examples of proteome reference maps, we obtained silver nitrate-stained, large-format 2-D gels for rice leaf and wheat crown LB-TT solubilized proteins. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol W, Human Stress Signal Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Appl Biotechnol, Agr Plant Stress Res Ctr, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Biotechnol Res Inst, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Rakwal, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol W, Human Stress Signal Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. EM rakwal-68@aist.go.jp NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA PI PUCHON PA CATHOLIC UNIV KOREA, DEPT LIFE SCIENCES, PUCHON 420-743, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-9239 J9 J PLANT BIOL JI J. Plant Biol. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 125SH UT WOS:000243462200001 ER PT J AU Lee, NS Yeau, SH Park, JO Roh, MS AF Lee, Nam Sook Yeau, Sung Hee Park, Jae Ok Roh, Mark S. TI Molecular evidence for hybridization of Ilex xwandoensis (Aquifoliaceae) by RAPD analysis SO JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquifoliaceae; Ilex cornuta; Ilex integra; Ilex xwandoensis; RAPD; STRUCTURE ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HYBRID ORIGIN; MARKERS; INFERENCE AB Based on the presence of intermediate morphological characters, such as serrated leaf margins and flower structures, Ilex x wandoensis was initially described as a putative natural hybrid between I. cornuta and I. integra, and was formally described as a new hybrid species, I. x wandoensis C. F Mill., and M. Kim. However, using molecular markers generated via random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPID), we have now discovered hybridization in populations of the I. x wandoensis complex collected from Wando and jeju Islands, Korea. Marker bands of the putative parent taxa also were found in some populations of I. x wandoensis, confirming its hybrid origin. Morphological variability within and among those populations was confirmed by model-based clustering methods, using multilocus genotype data. Phenograms generated from RAPID bands indicated that some accessions of I. x wandoensis clustered with one of the parental species. This implied the occurrence of hybridization and recurring backcrosses of the hybrid to both parents, resulting in various hybrid derivatives because of the segregation and recombination of traits. Ilex x wandoensis was more closely related to I. cornuta than to I. integra, suggesting that it backcrossed more with the former than with the latter. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Div Mol & Life Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Educ, Dept Biol Educ, Seoul 120750, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, NS (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Div Mol & Life Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. EM namsook@ewha.ac.kr NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA PI PUCHON PA CATHOLIC UNIV KOREA, DEPT LIFE SCIENCES, PUCHON 420-743, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-9239 J9 J PLANT BIOL JI J. Plant Biol. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 491 EP 497 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 125SH UT WOS:000243462200012 ER PT J AU Lohmann, A Schottler, MA Brehelin, C Kessler, F Bock, R Cahoon, EB Dormann, P AF Lohmann, Antje Schoettler, Mark Aurel Brehelin, Claire Kessler, Felix Bock, Ralph Cahoon, Edgar B. Doermann, Peter TI Deficiency in phylloquinone (vitamin K-1) methylation affects prenyl quinone distribution, photosystem I abundance, and anthocyanin accumulation in the Arabidopsis AtmenG mutant SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; TOCOPHEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; SUCCINYLBENZOIC ACID; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; BLUE-LIGHT; THALIANA; PLASTOCYANIN; METABOLISM AB Phylloquinone ( vitamin K1) is synthesized in cyanobacteria and in chloroplasts of plants, where it serves as electron carrier of photosystem I. The last step of phylloquinone synthesis in cyanobacteria is the methylation of 2-phytyl-1,4- naphthoquinone by the menG gene product. Here, we report that the uncharacterized Arabidopsis gene At1g23360, which shows sequence similarity to menG, functionally complements the Synechocystis menG mutant. An Arabidopsis mutant, AtmenG, carrying a T-DNA insertion in the gene At1g23360 is devoid of phylloquinone, but contains an increased amount of 2-phytyl-1,4- naphthoquinone. Phylloquinone and 2- phytyl- 1,4- naphthoquinone in thylakoid membranes of wild type and AtmenG, respectively, predominantly localize to photosystem I, whereas excess amounts of prenyl quinones are stored in plastoglobules. Photosystem I reaction centers are decreased in AtmenG plants under high light, as revealed by immunoblot and spectroscopic measurements. Anthocyanin accumulation and chalcone synthase (CHS1) transcription are affected during high light exposure, indicating that alterations in photosynthesis in AtmenG affect gene expression in the nucleus. Photosystem II quantum yield is decreased under high light. Therefore, the loss of phylloquinone methylation affects photosystem I stability or turnover, and the limitation in functional photosystem I complexes results in overreduction of photosystem II under high light. C1 Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Dept Mol Physiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Dept Organelle Biol Biotechnol & Mol Ecophysiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol, Plant Biol Lab, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Dormann, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Dept Mol Physiol, Muhlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM doermann@mpimp-golm.mpg.de NR 50 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 52 BP 40461 EP 40472 DI 10.1074/jbc.M609412200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 119SP UT WOS:000243033900076 PM 17082184 ER PT J AU Tsai, S Mir, B Martin, AC Estrada, JL Bischoff, SR Hsieh, WP Cassady, JP Freking, BA Nonneman, DJ Rohrer, GA Piedrahita, JA AF Tsai, Shengdar Mir, Bashir Martin, Amy C. Estrada, Jose L. Bischoff, Steve R. Hsieh, Wen-ping Cassady, Joseph P. Freking, Bradley A. Nonneman, Dan J. Rohrer, Gary A. Piedrahita, Jorge A. TI Detection of transcriptional difference of porcine imprinted genes using different microarray platforms SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; EXPRESSION MEASUREMENTS; CDNA MICROARRAY; HYBRIDIZATION; TECHNOLOGIES; PIG; IDENTIFICATION; CONSISTENCY; RNA AB Background: Presently, multiple options exist for conducting gene expression profiling studies in swine. In order to determine the performance of some of the existing microarrays, Affymetrix Porcine, Affymetrix Human U133+2.0, and the U.S. Pig Genome Coordination Program spotted glass oligonucleotide microarrays were compared for their reproducibility, coverage, platform independent and dependent sensitivity using fibroblast cell lines derived from control and parthenogenic porcine embryos. Results: Array group correlations between technical replicates demonstrated comparable reproducibility in both Affymetrix arrays. Glass oligonucleotide arrays showed greater variability and, in addition, approximately 10% of probes had to be discarded due to slide printing defects. Probe level analysis of Affymetrix Human arrays revealed significant variability within probe sets due to the effects of cross-species hybridization. Affymetrix Porcine arrays identified the greatest number of differentially expressed genes amongst probes common to all arrays, a measure of platform sensitivity. Affymetrix Porcine arrays also identified the greatest number of differentially expressed known imprinted genes using all probes on each array, an ad hoc measure of realistic performance for this particular experiment. Conclusion: We conclude that of the platforms currently available and tested, the Affymetrix Porcine array is the most sensitive and reproducible microarray for swine genomic studies. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Piedrahita, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. EM shengdar_tsai@ncsu.edu; bmir@ncsu.edu; amy_mccalla-martin@ncsu.edu; jlestrad@ncsu.edu; steve_bischoff@ncsu.edu; wphsieh@stat.nthu.edu.tw; joe_cassady@ncsu.edu; freking@email.marc.usda.gov; nonneman@email.marc.usda.gov; rohrer@email.marc.usda.gov; jorge_piedrahita@ncsu.edu RI Tsai, Shengdar/G-4600-2012 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD048510, R01 HD048510] NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 328 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-328 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 126KV UT WOS:000243512700003 PM 17194308 ER PT J AU Mao, JD Holtman, KM Scott, JT Kadla, JF Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Mao, Jingdong Holtman, Kevin M. Scott, Jay T. Kadla, John F. Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus TI Differences between lignin in unprocessed wood, milled wood, mutant wood, and extracted lignin detected by C-13 solid-state NMR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lignin; lignin in wood; lignin isolation; milled wood lignin (MWL); solid-state NMR; spectral editing ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; STRUCTURAL UNITS; SPECTROSCOPY; SELECTION; SPECTRA; SPRUCE; IDENTIFICATION; BEECH; FIBER; DEPT AB Solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to intact and isolated loblolly pine wood samples to identify potential structural changes induced by tree age, milling, lignin extraction, or naturally occurring mutations. Special attention was paid to ketone and aldehyde as well as nonpolar alkyl groups, which could be observed at low concentrations (< 2 in 1000 C) using improved spinning-sideband suppression with gated decoupling. Carbonyl structures were present in intact wood, and there are more keto groups than aldehydes. Their concentrations increased from juvenile to mature wood and with milling time, whereas extraction did not alter the CO fraction. Significant amounts of aldehyde and dihydroconiferyl alcohol residues were present in coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase-deficient wood, confirming solution-state NMR spectra of the corresponding lignin. These results demonstrate the utility of solid-state NMR as an assay for changes in the lignin structure of genetically modified plants. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, BCE, WRRC,PWA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM srohr@iastate.edu NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 26 BP 9677 EP 9686 DI 10.1021/jf062199q PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 118KR UT WOS:000242941700008 PM 17177487 ER PT J AU Sanz, ML Cote, GL Gibson, GR Rastall, RA AF Sanz, Maria Luz Cote, Gregory L. Gibson, Glenn R. Rastall, Robert A. TI Influence of glycosidic linkages and molecular weight on the fermentation of maltose-based oligosaccharides by human gut bacteria SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE maltose-based oligosaccharides; molecular weight; structure-function relationship; gut microflora ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; HUMAN COLONIC MICROBIOTA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; DIETARY MODULATION; HUMAN FECES; PREBIOTICS; BIFIDOBACTERIUM; ALTERNANSUCRASE AB A structure-function study was carried out to increase knowledge of how glycosidic linkages and molecular weights of carbohydrates contribute toward the selectivity of fermentation by gut bacteria. Oligosaccharides with maltose as the common carbohydrate source were used. Potentially prebiotic alternansucrase and dextransucrase maltose acceptor products were synthesized and separated into different molecular weights using a Bio-gel P2 column. These fractions were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. Nonprebiotic maltooligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) from three to seven were commercially obtained for comparison. Growth selectivity of fecal bacteria on these oligosaccharides was studied using an anaerobic in vitro fermentation method. In general, carbohydrates of DP3 showed the highest selectivity towards bifidobacteria; however, oligosaccharides with a higher molecular weight (DP6-DP7) also resulted in a selective fermentation. Oligosaccharides with DPs above seven did not promote the growth of "beneficial" bacteria. The knowledge of how specific structures modify the gut microflora could help to find new prebiotic oligosaccharides. C1 Dept Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rastall, RA (reprint author), Dept Food Biosci, Whiteknights POB 226, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. EM r.a.rastall@rdg.ac.uk RI Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009; Sanz, Maria Luz/G-3815-2011 OI Sanz, Maria Luz/0000-0002-8156-4734 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 26 BP 9779 EP 9784 DI 10.1021/jf061894v PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 118KR UT WOS:000242941700022 PM 17177501 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Adhvaryu, A. Erhan, S. Z. TI Synthesis of hydroxy thio-ether derivatives of vegetable oil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE epoxidized soybean oil; thiols; thio-ether derivative; vegetable oil; epoxy ring opening ID EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; LUBRICANTS; STABILITY; ADDITIVES; PRODUCTS AB Bio-based additives are desirable commodities due to their eco-friendly nature. These additives can demonstrate physical and chemical properties comparable to those of conventional mineral oil-based products. Sulfur incorporated triacylglycerol can function as an antiwear/antifriction additive for lubricants. The synthesis of four useful hydroxy thio-ether derivatives of vegetable oils, from commercially available epoxidized soybean oil and common organic thiols, is reported in this paper. The common thiols used herein were 1-butanethiol, 1-decanethiol, 1-octadecanethiol, and cyclohexyl mercaptan. Currently, there is no reported literature describing the synthesis of hydroxy thio-ether derivatives of vegetable oil. The reaction was monitored, and products were confirmed by NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. Experimental conditions involving various thiols, solvent, catalyst amount, time, and temperature were optimized for research quantity and laboratory scale-up. The synthetic process retains the vegetable oil structure, eliminates polyunsaturation in the molecule, and adds polar functional groups on triacylglycerol. These products can be used as agriculturally-based antiwear additives for lubricant applications. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 37 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 26 BP 9866 EP 9872 DI 10.1021/jf061896f PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 118KR UT WOS:000242941700034 PM 17177513 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM Doherty, RF Beecher, GR Holden, JM Haytowitz, DB Bhagwat, S Gebhardt, S AF Harnly, James M. Doherty, Robert F. Beecher, Gary R. Holden, Joanne M. Haytowitz, David B. Bhagwat, Seema Gebhardt, Susan TI Flavonoid content of US fruits, vegetables, and nuts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; fruits; vegetables; nuts; aglycones; seasonal variation ID COMMON FOODS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; QUANTIFICATION; CANCER AB Analytical data are reported for 20 flavonoids (as aglycones) determined for more than 60 fresh fruits, vegetables, and nuts collected from four regions across the United States at two times of the year. Sample collection was designed and implemented by the Nutrient Data Laboratory (USDA). Analyses of eight flavan-3-ols (catechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin, and gallocatechin gallate), six anthocyanins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin), two flavanones (hesperetin and naringenin), two flavones (apigenin and luteolin), and two flavonols (myricetin and quercetin) were performed by the Food Composition Laboratory (USDA) using a hydrolysis method for the anthocyanidins, flavones, and flavonols and a direct extraction method for the flavan-3-ols and flavanones. Experimental results compare favorably (few statistically significant differences) to literature values in the flavonoid and proanthocyanidin database previously compiled by the Nutrient Data Laboratory. The results of this study showed a seasonal variation only for blueberries. This study also showed that the variation in the flavonoid content of foods, as purchased by the U. S. consumer, is very large. The relative standard deviation, averaged for each flavonoid in each food, was 168%. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 190 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 26 BP 9966 EP 9977 DI 10.1021/jf061478a PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 118KR UT WOS:000242941700050 PM 17177529 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Ruggio, DM Ashraf-Khorassani, M Haytowitz, DB AF Phillips, Katherine M. Ruggio, David M. Ashraf-Khorassani, Mehdi Haytowitz, David B. TI Difference in folate content of green and red sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum) determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE folate; red peppers; green peppers; Capsicum annuum; LC-MS; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; food composition; HPLC ID MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; COMMON FOODS; TRIENZYME EXTRACTION; NORMAL CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES; PRODUCTS AB Folic acid (pteroylmonoglutamic acid) is used in enriched foods; however, very little folic acid occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables. For the U. S. Department of Agriculture's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program, a number of fruits and vegetables have been assayed for endogenous folates, by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method, to evaluate the accuracy of existing data for total folate determined by standard microbiological analysis. Folate in red and green sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum) differed notably (70.2 and 20.7 mu g/100 g, respectively) and exceeded existing values determined by microbiological assay (18 and 11 mu g/100 g, respectively). 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate was the predominant vitamer, but a significant amount of 5-formyltetrahydrolfolate and some 10-formylfolate were present. These findings may assist in making dietary recommendations or developing research diets related to folate. The data from this study have been used to update the folate values in release 19 of the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 26 BP 9998 EP 10002 DI 10.1021/jf062327a PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 118KR UT WOS:000242941700054 PM 17177533 ER PT J AU Kim, SL Berhow, MA Kim, JT Chi, HY Lee, SJ Chung, IM AF Kim, Sun-Lim Berhow, Mark Alan Kim, Jung-Tae Chi, Hee-Youn Lee, Sun-Joo Chung, Ill-Min TI Evaluation of soyasaponin, isoflavone, protein, lipid, and free sugar accumulation in developing soybean seeds SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soybean; protein; lipid; free sugar; isoflavone; soyasaponin; reproductive stage ID GROUP-B SOYASAPONINS; GLYCINE-MAX MERRILL; GROUP-A; SAPONINS; LOCATION; QUANTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; COMPONENTS AB A combination of analytical techniques was used to examine and quantify seed compositional components such as protein, lipid, free sugars, isoflavones, and soyasaponins during soybean development and maturation in two Korean soybean cultivars. Protein accumulation was rapid during reproductive stages, while lipid content was only relatively moderately increased. The major carbohydrate saccarides sucrose and stachyose constantly increased during the reproductive stage. Previously published results suggest that the free sugar and lipid content reached their maximal concentrations at a relatively early stage of seed development and remain constant in comparison to other chemical components. The malonylglucosides were the predominant isoflavone form followed by the glucosides, acetyl glucosides, and aglycone forms. As soybean seed matures, total soyasaponin concentration was constantly decreased until the R8 stage. Soyasaponin, g was the major soyasaponin in DDMP-conjugated group B soyasaponins, followed by the non-DDMP counterpart soyasaponin 1 and soyasaponin A(1). The ratio of total isoflavone to total soyasaponin in the developing soybean increased from 0.06 to 1.31. Protein, lipid, and free sugar contents in the developing soybean seeds showed significant positive correlations with conjugated isoflavones and total isoflavone concentration, while the lipid contents showed a negative correlation with the isoflavone aglycone. Protein, lipid, and free sugar contents showed a negative correlation with total group A and B soyasaponins and total soyasaponins; however, only the soyasaponin A content was significantly negatively correlated with free sugar content. Total soyasaponin content was negatively correlated with isoflavone content (r = -0.828 at p < 0.01). C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Appl Life Sci, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Seoul 143701, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 60604 USA. Natl Inst Crop Sci, RDA, Suwon 441857, South Korea. RP Chung, IM (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Appl Life Sci, Coll Life & Environm Sci, KwangJinKu HwaYangDong, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM imcim@konkuk.ac.kr NR 42 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 26 BP 10003 EP 10010 DI 10.1021/jf062275p PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 118KR UT WOS:000242941700055 PM 17177534 ER PT J AU Geletii, YV Hill, CL Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA AF Geletii, Yurii V. Hill, Craig L. Atalla, Rajai H. Weinstock, Ira A. TI Reduction of O-2 to superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)) in water by heteropolytungstate cluster-anions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SELF-EXCHANGE; KEGGIN HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATES; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; DIOXYGEN ACTIVATION; RATE CONSTANTS; ALPHA-ISOMER; BETA-ISOMER; OXIDATION; OXYGEN AB Fundamental information concerning the mechanism of electron transfer from reduced heteropolytungstates (POMred) to O-2, and the effect of donor-ion charge on reduction of O-2 to superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)), is obtained using an isostructural series of 1e(-)-reduced donors: alpha-Xn+W12O40(9-n)-, Xn+ = Al3+, Si4+, P5+. For all three, a single rate expression is observed: -d[POMred]/dt = 2k(12)[POMred][O-2], where k(12) is for the rate-limiting electron transfer from POMred to O-2. At pH 2 (175 mM ionic strength), k(12) increases from 1.4 +/- 0.2 to 8.5 +/- 1 to 24 +/- 2 M(-1)s(-1) as Xn+ is varied from P5+ (3(red)) to Si4+ (2(red)) to Al3+ (1(red)). Variable-pH data (for 1(red)) and solvent-kinetic isotope (KIE = k(H)/k(D)) data (all three ions) indicate that protonated superoxide (HO2 center dot) is formed in two steps-selectron transfer, followed by proton transfer (ET-PT mechanism)-rather than via simultaneous proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Support for an outersphere mechanism is provided by agreement between experimental k(12) values and those calculated using the Marcus cross relation. Further evidence is provided by the small variation in k(12) observed when Xn+ is changed from P5+ to Si4+ to Al3+, and the driving force for formation of O-2(center dot-) (aq), which increases as cluster-anion charge becomes more negative, increases by nearly +0.4 V (a decrease of > 9 kcal mol(-1) in Delta G degrees). The weak dependence of k(12) on POM reduction potentials reflects the outersphere ET-PT mechanism: as the anions become more negatively charged, the "successor-complex" ion pairs are subject to larger anion-anion repulsions, in the order [(3(ox)(3-))(O-2(center dot-))](4-) < [(2(ox)(4-))(O-2(center dot-))](5-) < [(1(ox)(5-))(O-2(center dot-))](6-). This reveals an inherent limitation to the use of heteropolytungstate charge and reduction potential to control rates of electron transfer to O-2 under turnover conditions in catalysis. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Chem & Pulping Res Work Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM iraw@bgu.ac.il RI Geletii, Yurii/B-3930-2014 OI Geletii, Yurii/0000-0002-2287-330X NR 67 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 51 BP 17033 EP 17042 AR PII S0002-7863(06)04244-2 DI 10.1021/ja064244g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 118KQ UT WOS:000242941600110 PM 17177455 ER PT J AU Pastrana, MA Sajnani, G Onisko, B Castilla, J Morales, R Soto, C Requena, JR AF Pastrana, Miguel A. Sajnani, Gustavo Onisko, Bruce Castilla, Joaquin Morales, Rodrigo Soto, Claudio Requena, Jesus R. TI Isolation and characterization of a proteinase K-sensitive PrPSc fraction SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; SCRAPIE PRION PROTEIN; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS; DISEASE; PARTICLES; STRAINS; AGENT AB Recent studies have shown that a sizable fraction of PrPSc present in prion-infected tissues is, contrary to previous conceptions, sensitive to digestion by proteinase K (PK). This finding has important implications in the context of diagnosis of prion disease, as PK has been extensively used in attempts to distinguish between PrPSc and PrPC. Even more importantly, PK-sensitive PrPSc (sPrP(Sc)) might be essential to understand the process of conversion and aggregation of PrPC leading to infectivity. We have isolated a fraction of sPrP(Sc). This material was obtained by differential centrifugation at an intermediate speed of Syrian hamster PrPSc obtained through a conventional procedure based on ultracentrifugation in the presence of detergents. PK-sensitive PrPSc is completely degraded under standard conditions (50 mu g/mL of proteinase K at 37 degrees C for 1 h) and can also be digested with trypsin. Centrifugation in a sucrose gradient showed sPrP(Sc) to correspond to the lower molecular weight fractions of the continuous range of oligomers that constitute PrPSc. PK-sensitive PrPSc has the ability to convert PrPC into protease-resistant PrPSc, as assessed by the protein misfolding cyclic amplification assay (PMCA). Limited proteolysis of sPrP(Sc) using trypsin allows for identification of regions that are particularly susceptible to digestion, i.e., are partially exposed and flexible; we have identified as such the regions around residues K110, R136, R151, K220, and R229. PK-sensitive PrPSc isolates should prove useful for structural studies to help understand fundamental issues of the molecular biology of PrPSc and in the quest to design tests to detect preclinical prion disease. C1 Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Med, Dept Med, Prion Res Unit, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Neurol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Requena, JR (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Med, Dept Med, Prion Res Unit, Rue S Francisco SN, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. EM requenaj@usc.es RI Castilla, Joaquin/D-5261-2011; Sajnani, Gustavo/E-5816-2016; OI Castilla, Joaquin/0000-0002-2216-1361; Sajnani, Gustavo/0000-0003-4996-572X; Onisko, Bruce/0000-0003-4657-8257 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS049173] NR 33 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 51 BP 15710 EP 15717 DI 10.1021/bi0615442 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 118IL UT WOS:000242935600059 PM 17176093 ER PT J AU Rubas, DJ Hill, HSJ Mjelde, JW AF Rubas, Debra J. Hill, Harvey S. J. Mjelde, James W. TI Economics and climate applications: exploring the frontier SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Climate Prediction and Agriculture CY MAY 11-13, 2005 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND DE economics; climate applications; decision theory; general equilibrium modeling; game theory; mechanism design theory ID ENSO INFORMATION; FORECASTS; AGRICULTURE; AUSTRALIA; MANAGEMENT; BENEFITS; STRENGTH; WEATHER; TRADE AB The economics of information is a broad field covering all aspects of information including decision making. We briefly describe 4 methods used to model the decision-making process. This is not an exhaustive list of the methods used to value information, nor are differences between the methods clearly definable. Examples of previous studies using each methodology are presented, as are tradeoffs between the methodologies, Climate forecast issues are generally treated by economists as applied problems. Though applied studies are extremely important, we believe climate forecast issues have the potential for more innovative and rigorous treatment that could lead to theoretical advances in the economics of information. Several examples of researchable issues that we believe could lead to such advances (e.g. the use of climate forecasts in pollution trading; natural disaster mitigation) are then discussed. Maximum benefits can be attained from such a research process that involves policy-makers and end-users, as well as other scientists. C1 USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Prairie Farm Rehabil Adm, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rubas, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Stop 1034, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM debbie.rubas@fas.usda.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIMATE RES JI Clim. Res. PD DEC 21 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.3354/cr033043 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 127KO UT WOS:000243584900005 ER PT J AU Wang, TJ Gona, P Larson, MG Tofler, GH Levy, D Newton-Cheh, C Jacques, PF Rifai, N Selhub, J Robins, SJ Benjamin, EJ D'Agostino, RB Vasan, RS AF Wang, Thomas J. Gona, Philimon Larson, Martin G. Tofler, Geoffrey H. Levy, Daniel Newton-Cheh, Christopher Jacques, Paul F. Rifai, Nader Selhub, Jacob Robins, Sander J. Benjamin, Emelia J. D'Agostino, Ralph B. Vasan, Ramachandran S. TI Multiple biomarkers for the prediction of first major cardiovascular events and death SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; CONVENTIONAL RISK-FACTORS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); ARTERY DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP AB BACKGROUND: Few investigations have evaluated the incremental usefulness of multiple biomarkers from distinct biologic pathways for predicting the risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS: We measured 10 biomarkers in 3209 participants attending a routine examination cycle of the Framingham Heart Study: the levels of C-reactive protein, B-type natriuretic peptide, N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, renin, fibrinogen, d-dimer, plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1, and homocysteine; and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. RESULTS: During follow-up (median, 7.4 years), 207 participants died and 169 had a first major cardiovascular event. In Cox proportional-hazards models adjusting for conventional risk factors, the following biomarkers most strongly predicted the risk of death (each biomarker is followed by the adjusted hazard ratio per 1 SD increment in the log values): B-type natriuretic peptide level (1.40), C-reactive protein level (1.39), the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (1.22), homocysteine level (1.20), and renin level (1.17). The biomarkers that most strongly predicted major cardiovascular events were B-type natriuretic peptide level (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.25 per 1 SD increment in the log values) and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (1.20). Persons with ``multimarker'' scores (based on regression coefficients of significant biomarkers) in the highest quintile as compared with those with scores in the lowest two quintiles had elevated risks of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.08; P<0.001) and major cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.84; P=0.02). However, the addition of multimarker scores to conventional risk factors resulted in only small increases in the ability to classify risk, as measured by the C statistic. CONCLUSIONS: For assessing risk in individual persons, the use of the 10 contemporary biomarkers that we studied adds only moderately to standard risk factors. C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Royal N Shore Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Prevent Med & Cardiol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Wang, TJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Cardiol, GRB-800,55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM tjwang@partners.org OI Larson, Martin/0000-0002-9631-1254; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-48157, R01-HL-076784, K23-HL-074077, 2K24-HL-04334, N01-HC-25195] NR 40 TC 742 Z9 765 U1 7 U2 46 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 21 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 25 BP 2631 EP 2639 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa055373 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 118QG UT WOS:000242956200004 PM 17182988 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Braswell, BH Hollinger, DY Burman, P Davidson, EA Evans, RS Flanagan, LB Munger, JW Savage, K Urbanski, SP Wofsy, SC AF Richardson, Andrew D. Braswell, Bobby H. Hollinger, David Y. Burman, Prabir Davidson, Eric A. Evans, Robert S. Flanagan, Lawrence B. Munger, J. William Savage, Kathleen Urbanski, Shawn P. Wofsy, Steven C. TI Comparing simple respiration models for eddy flux and dynamic chamber data SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE absolute deviations regression; Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC); AmeriFlux; cross-validation; eddy covariance; maximum likelihood; model selection criteria; respiration; uncertainty ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NORTHERN TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; SOIL RESPIRATION; COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; MIDLATITUDE FOREST; LONG-TERM AB Selection of an appropriate model for respiration (R) is important for accurate gap-filling of CO2 flux data, and for partitioning measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) to respiration and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE). Using cross-validation methods and a version of Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), we evaluate a wide range of simple respiration models with the objective of quantifying the implications of selecting a particular model. We fit the models to eddy covariance measurements of whole-ecosystem respiration (R-eco) from three different ecosystem types (a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest, and a grassland), as well as soil respiration data from one of these sites. The well-known Q(10) model, whether driven by air or soil temperature, performed poorly compared to other models, as did the Lloyd and Taylor model when used with two of the parameters constrained to previously published values and only the scale parameter being fit. The continued use of these models is discouraged. However, a variant of the Q(10) model, in which the temperature sensitivity of respiration varied seasonally, performed reasonably well, as did the unconstrained three-parameter Lloyd and Taylor model. Highly parameterized neural network models, using additional covariates, generally provided the best fits to the data, but appeared not to perform well when making predictions outside the domain used for parameterization, and should thus be avoided when large gaps must be filled. For each data set, the annual sum of modeled respiration (annual Sigma R) was positively correlated with model goodness-of-fit, implying that poor model selection may inject a systematic bias into gap-filled estimates of annual Sigma R. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Dept Sci Biol, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrew.richardson@unh.edu RI Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 OI Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; NR 51 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 2-4 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.10.010 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128PG UT WOS:000243669500011 ER PT J AU Shin, HD McClendon, S Le, T Taylor, F Chen, RR AF Shin, Hyun-Dong McClendon, Shara Le, Tien Taylor, Frank Chen, Rachel Ruizhen TI A complete enzymatic recovery of ferulic acid from corn residues with extracellular enzymes from Neosartorya spinosa NRRL185 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ferulic acid; ferulic acid esterase; vanillin; biomass; corn bran; corn fiber ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; SPOROTRICHUM-THERMOPHILE; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; WHEAT BRAN; ESTERASE; PURIFICATION; RELEASE; DEGRADATION; BINDING; GRAIN AB An economic ferulic acid recovery from biomass via biological methods is of interest for a number of reasons. Ferulic acid is a precursor to vanillin synthesis. It is also a known antioxidant with potential food and medical applications. Despite its universal presence in all plant cell wall material, the complex structure of the plant cell wall makes ferulic acid recovery from biomass a challenging bioprocess. Previously, without pretreatment, very low (3-13%) recovery of ferulic acid from corn residues was achieved. We report here the discovery of a filamentous fungus Neosartorya spinosa NRRL185 capable of producing a full complement of enzymes to release ferulic acid and the development of an enzymatic process for a complete recovery of ferulic acid from corn bran and corn fibers. A partial characterization of the extracellular proteome of the microbe revealed the presence of at least seven cellulases and hemicellulases activities, including multiple iso-forms of xylanase and ferulic acid esterase. The recovered ferulic acid was bio-converted to vanillin, demonstrating its potential application in natural vanillin synthesis. The enzymatic ferulic acid recovery accompanied a significant release of reducing sugars (76-100%), suggesting much broader applications of the enzymes and enzyme mixtures from this organism. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chen, RR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rchen@chbe.gatech.edu NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1115 DI 10.1002/bit.21056 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 106RQ UT WOS:000242118800011 PM 16917955 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Warren, ML AF Haag, Wendell R. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. TI Seasonal feeding specialization on snails by River Darters (Percina shumardi) with a review of snail feeding by other Darter species SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; ILLINOIS STREAM; ICTALURIDAE; PISCES; FISHES; FOOD; AGE AB We report food habits of River Darters (Percina shumardi) in Brushy Creek and the Sipsey Fork Black Warrior River, Alabama. River Darters preyed heavily on pleurocerid snails in both streams. Snail feeding varied widely among sample dates and was highest in October when snails represented nearly 100% of darter food items. Snail feeding declined through the spring, nearly ceasing by May, but increased to high levels again in July when hatchling snails composed about 80% of darter food items. Mean and maximum size of snails eaten increased with darter size, but minimum snail size was not related to darter size, indicating a broadening of prey size for larger darters. Non-snail food items were dominated by chironomid, trichopteran, and ephemeropteran insect larvae; these food items were most commonly eaten during periods of low snail feeding or feeding on hatchling snails. Specialization for snail feeding is suggested for all species in the subgenus Imostoma, including P. shumardi, but this feeding habit is well documented previously only for P. tanasi. Published diet studies for other species of Imostoma, including populations of P. shumardi from elsewhere in its range, did not document snail feeding; most other observations of snail feeding for the group are anecdotal. Few other darters or other fish species are documented to prey heavily on riverine snails. Although the limited amount of published information makes it difficult to assess the degree to which Imostoma as a group relies on snails as a food source, P. shumardi and P. tanasi represent two of the few native fishes that exploit the abundant and diverse pleurocerid snail fauna of eastern North America. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM whaag@fs.fed.us; mwarren01@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 20 PY 2006 IS 4 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6[604:SFSOSB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 120XO UT WOS:000243120300003 ER PT J AU Vincent, AL Lager, KM Ma, WJ Lekcharoensuk, P Gramer, MR Loiacono, C Richt, JA AF Vincent, Amy L. Lager, Kelly M. Ma, Wenjun Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa Gramer, Marie R. Loiacono, Christina Richt, Juergen A. TI Evaluation of hemagglutinin subtype 1 swine influenza viruses from the United States SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pigs; influenza A virus; pathogenesis; H1N1; H1N2 ID A VIRUSES; GENETIC REASSORTMENT; EUROPEAN PIGS; AMERICAN PIGS; H1N2; CONSERVATION; PROTECTION; EMERGENCE; EVOLUTION; LINEAGES AB Swine influenza viruses (SIV) of the hemagglutinin subtype I (III) isolated from the United States (U.S.) have not been well-characterized in the natural host. An increase in the rate of mutation and reassortment has occurred in SIV isolates from the U.S. since 1998, including viruses belonging to the H1 subtype. Two independent animal studies were done to evaluate and compare the pathogenesis of 10 SIV isolates dating from 1930 to currently circulating isolates. In addition, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of each isolate were sequenced for genetic comparison, and serological cross-reactivity was evaluated using all sera and virus combinations in hemagglutination inhibition and serum neutralization assays. Statistically significant differences in percentage of pneumonia and virus titers in the lung were detected between isolates, with modern isolates tending to produce more severe disease, have more virus shedding and higher viral titers. However, nasal shedding and virus titers in the lung were not always correlated with one another or lung lesions. Serologically, the classic historical H1N1 viruses tended to have better cross-reaction between historical sera and antigens, with moderate to good cross-reactivity with modern viral antigens. However, the modern sera were less reactive with historical viruses. Modern viruses tended to have less consistent cross-reactivity within the modern group. Overall, H1 isolates collected over the last 75 years from the U.S. pig population exhibit considerable variability in pathogenicity. There appears to be an increase in genetic and antigenic diversity coincident with the emergence of the swine triple reassortant H3N2 in 1998. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bangkok, Thailand. EM avincent@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 85 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.07.017 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 116HI UT WOS:000242792700006 PM 16962262 ER PT J AU Untalan, PM Pruett, JH Atteberry, HN Steelman, CD AF Untalan, Pia M. Pruett, John H. Atteberry, Heather N. Steelman, C. Dayton TI Thrombostasin isoform frequency in a Central Texas field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritans; horn fly; thrombostasin (TS); anti-coagulant; isoform frequency ID GENOMIC DNA; BEEF-CATTLE; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; SALIVA; FLIES; PROTEIN; BREEDS; AEDES AB Thrombostasin is an anti-thrombin factor that plays a role in successful feeding of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans. It has been isolated and characterized from saliva, and polymorphisms in the gene coding sequence have been previously reported. In the present study, the thrombostasin gene was analyzed from 60, field-collected flies from Camp Stanley, Texas and the allele and genotype frequencies were compared with previously published data for an Alabama field collection and a Texas in vitro colony-reared collection. Significant differences in genotype frequency and extent of genotypic diversity observed between the Alabama and Camp Stanley field collections may be attributable to host genetic differences. In addition, bull calves that were phenotyped as either high- or low-carriers were parasitized by horn flies that displayed a significantly different genotype distribution, supporting a possible explanation for horn fly host selection behavior, as evidenced by thrombostasin sequence analysis of 95 additional horn flies collected from respective hosts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Untalan, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM pia.untalan@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.035 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 116HF UT WOS:000242792400018 PM 16904266 ER PT J AU Goodwin, D Gennari, SM Howe, DK Dubey, JP Zajac, AM Lindsay, DS AF Goodwin, David Gennari, Solange M. Howe, Daniel K. Dubey, J. P. Zajac, Anne M. Lindsay, David S. TI Prevalence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in horses from Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horse; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; antibody; agglutination test; indirect immunofluorescent antibody test ID INFECTION AB Encephalitozoon cuniculi has been associated with natural cases of abortion and stillbirth in horses. However, little is known about the prevalence of this parasite in horses. We examined sera from 559 horses from Brazil for antibodies to E. cuniculi using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test and the direct agglutination test (DAT). We found that 79 (14.1%) were positive in the IFA test and 70 (12.5%) were positive in the DAT. Compared to the IFA as the "gold standard" the sensitivity of the DAG was 94.0% and the specificity was 96.1%. Our study indicates that horses in Brazil are frequently exposed to E. cuniculi. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr 108, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 380 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.07.006 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 116HF UT WOS:000242792400022 PM 16919878 ER PT J AU Klafke, GM Sabatini, GA de Albuquerque, TA Martins, JR Kemp, DH Miller, RJ Schumaker, TTS AF Klafke, Guilherme M. Sabatini, Gustavo A. de Albuquerque, Thais A. Martins, Joao Ricardo Kemp, David H. Miller, Robert J. Schumaker, Teresinha T. S. TI Larval immersion tests with ivermectin in populations of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) from State of Sao Paulo, Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; cattle tick; resistance; ivermectin; bioassays ID RESISTANCE; MANAGEMENT; STRAIN AB Larval immersion tests (LIT) with commercial formulation of ivermectin were carried out with larvae of two field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from commercial dairy farms of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil and a susceptible strain (Porto Alegre) to differentiate resistant-suspected and susceptible strains. One of the populations tested (Barra Alegre) showed a LC50 value significantly higher than the susceptible strain and a resistance ratio (CI95%) of 3.78 (3.47-4.12), leading to suspect that this population shows traces of resistance to ivermectin. Population Sao Francisco, with no records of ivermectin injections on cattle, showed no difference on the ivermectin response in relation to Porto Alegre strain characterizing it as susceptible. Although LIT is not yet recommended by FAO to diagnose resistance to acaricides, this technique was successful on the differentiation of resistance-suspected population and a susceptible strain and can be used to detect populations of R. (B.) microplus resistant to ivermectin. This is the first report of R. (B.) microplus resistant to ivermectin detected by an in vitro bioassay. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Parasitol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. UniFMU, Curso Med Vet, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Inst Pesquisas Vet Desiderio Finamor, Eldorado Do Sul, RS, Brazil. Univ Queensland, QBP, CSIRO Livestock Ind, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. USDA, Cattle Tick Fever Res Lab, Edinburg, TX USA. RP Klafke, GM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Parasitol, Av Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM gmklafke@usp.br OI Klafke, Guilherme/0000-0002-5620-2483 NR 22 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 386 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.07.001 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 116HF UT WOS:000242792400024 PM 16904265 ER PT J AU McCarthy, HR Oren, R Finzi, AC Johnsen, KH AF McCarthy, Heather R. Oren, Ram Finzi, Adrien C. Johnsen, Kurt H. TI Canopy leaf area constrains [CO2]-induced enhancement of productivity and partitioning among aboveground carbon pools SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbon allocation; global change; nitrogen availability; pine plantation ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; WATER-BALANCE; NITROGEN LIMITATION; POPLAR PLANTATION; TEMPERATE FOREST AB Net primary productivity (NPP) is enhanced under future atmospheric [CO2] in temperate forests representing a broad range of productivity. Yet questions remain in regard to how elevated [CO2]-induced NPP enhancement may be affected by climatic variations and limiting nutrient resources, as well as how this additional production is distributed among carbon (C) pools of different longevities. Using 10 years of data from the Duke free-air CO2 enrichment (Duke FACE) site, we show that spatially, the major control of NPP was nitrogen (N) availability, through its control on canopy leaf area index (L). Elevated CO2 levels resulted in greater L, and thus greater NPP. After canopy closure had occurred, elevated [CO2] did not enhance NPP at a given L, regardless of soil water availability. Additionally, using published data from three other forest FACE sites and replacing L with leaf area duration (L-D) to account for differences in growing season length, we show that aboveground NPP responded to [CO2] only through the enhancement of L-D. For broadleaf forests, the fraction of aboveground NIPP partitioned to wood biomass saturated with increasing LD and was not enhanced by [CO2], whereas it linearly decreased for the conifer forest but was enhanced by [CO2]. These results underscore the importance of resolving [CO2] effects on L to assess the response of NPP and C allocation. Further study is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms that control the differential allocation of C among aboveground pools in different forest types. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP McCarthy, HR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM hrm@duke.edu RI Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016; OI Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533; McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182 NR 60 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 51 BP 19356 EP 19361 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609448103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 121OJ UT WOS:000243166600026 PM 17159159 ER PT J AU Palmroth, S Oren, R McCarthy, HR Johnsen, KH Finzi, AC Butnor, JR Ryan, MG Schlesinger, WH AF Palmroth, Sari Oren, Ram McCarthy, Heather R. Johnsen, Kurt H. Finzi, Adrien C. Butnor, John R. Ryan, Michael G. Schlesinger, William H. TI Aboveground sink strength in forests controls the allocation of carbon below ground and its [CO2] - induced enhancement SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aboveground net primary production; free-air CO2 enrichment; leaf area index; nitrogen fertilization; soil respiration ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; CANOPY LEAF-AREA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; TREMBLING ASPEN; POPLAR PLANTATION AB The partitioning among carbon (C) pools of the extra C captured under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] determines the enhancement in C sequestration, yet no clear partitioning rules exist. Here, we used first principles and published data from four free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments on forest tree species to conceptualize the total allocation of C to below ground (TBCA) under current [CO2] and to predict the likely effect of elevated [CO2]. We show that at a FACE site where leaf area index (L) of Pinus taeda L. was altered through nitrogen fertilization, ice-storm damage, and droughts, changes in L, reflecting the aboveground sink for net primary productivity, were accompanied by opposite changes in TBCA. A similar pattern emerged when data were combined from the four FACE experiments, using leaf area duration (L-D) to account for differences in growing-season length. Moreover, elevated [CO2]-induced enhancement of TBCA in the combined data decreased from approximate to 50% (700 gCm(-2) y(-1)) at the lowest LD to approximate to 30% (200 g C m(-2) y(-1)) at the highest L-D. The consistency of the trend in TIBCA with L and its response to [CO2] across the sites provides a norm for predictions of ecosystem C cycling, and is particularly useful for models that use L to estimate components of the terrestrial C balance. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USDA ARS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Palmroth, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM sari.palmroth@duke.edu; schlesin@duke.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016; Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533; McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182; NR 56 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 11 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 51 BP 19362 EP 19367 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609492103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 121OJ UT WOS:000243166600027 PM 17159142 ER PT J AU Yan, L Fu, D Li, C Blechl, A Tranquilli, G Bonafede, M Sanchez, A Valarik, M Yasuda, S Dubcovsky, J AF Yan, L. Fu, D. Li, C. Blechl, A. Tranquilli, G. Bonafede, M. Sanchez, A. Valarik, M. Yasuda, S. Dubcovsky, J. TI The wheat and barley vernalization gene VRN3 is an orthologue of FT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE flowering; Triticum aestivum; Flowering locus T; Hordeum vulgare ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FLOWERING SIGNALS; ALLELIC VARIATION; POLYPLOID WHEAT; DIPLOID WHEAT; SHOOT APEX; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE; REPRESSOR; PROTEIN AB Winter wheat and barley varieties require an extended exposure to low temperatures to accelerate flowering (vernalization), whereas spring varieties do not have this requirement. In this study, we show that in these species, the vernalization gene VRN3 is linked completely to a gene similar to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). FT induction in the leaves results in a transmissible signal that promotes flowering. Transcript levels of the barley and wheat orthologues, designated as HvFT and TaFT, respectively, are significantly higher in plants homozygous for the dominant Vrn3 alleles (early flowering) than in plants homozygous for the recessive vrn3 alleles (late flowering). In wheat, the dominant Vrn3 allele is associated with the insertion of a retroelement in the TaFT promoter, whereas in barley, mutations in the HvFT first intron differentiate plants with dominant and recessive VRN3 alleles. Winter wheat plants transformed with the TaFT allele carrying the promoter retroelement insertion flowered significantly earlier than nontransgenic plants, supporting the identity between TaFT and VRN-B3. Statistical analyses of flowering times confirmed the presence of significant interactions between vernalization and FT allelic classes in both wheat and barley (P < 0.0001). These interactions were supported further by the observed up-regulation of HvFT transcript levels by vernalization in barley winter plants (P = 0.002). These results confirmed that the wheat and barley FT genes are responsible for natural allelic variation in vernalization requirement, providing additional sources of adaptive diversity to these economically important crops. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Okayama Univ, Bioresources Res Inst, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Li, Chengxia/B-6444-2008; Valarik, Miroslav/F-6129-2014 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Valarik, Miroslav/0000-0003-0143-6853 NR 38 TC 411 Z9 472 U1 7 U2 70 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 51 BP 19581 EP 19586 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607142103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 121OJ UT WOS:000243166600065 PM 17158798 ER PT J AU Jefferson, A Grant, G Rose, T AF Jefferson, Anne Grant, Gordon Rose, Tim TI Influence of volcanic history on groundwater patterns on the west slope of the Oregon High Cascades SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPRING-DOMINATED STREAMS; LA-FOURNAISE VOLCANO; FRACTURED ROCK; COLD SPRINGS; NOBLE-GASES; WATER FLOW; CALIFORNIA; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; DISCHARGE AB Spring systems on the west slope of the Oregon High Cascades exhibit complex relationships among modern topography, lava flow geometries, and groundwater flow patterns. Seven cold springs were continuously monitored for discharge and temperature in the 2004 water year, and they were periodically sampled for delta O-18, delta D, tritium, and dissolved noble gases. Anomalously high unit discharges suggest that topographically defined watersheds may not correspond to aquifer boundaries, and oxygen isotope data reveal that mean recharge elevations for the springs are coincident with extensive Holocene lava fields. The He-3/He-4 ratios in most of the springs are close to atmospheric, implying shallow flow paths, and aquifer thicknesses are estimated to be 30-140 m. Estimates using H-3/He-3 data with exponential and gamma distributions yield mean transit times of similar to 3-14 years. Recharge areas and flow paths are likely controlled by the geographic extent of lava flows, and some groundwater may cross the Cascade crest. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jefferson, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jeffersa@geo.oregonstate.edu RI Jefferson, Anne/K-1185-2012 OI Jefferson, Anne/0000-0002-0585-9602 NR 61 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 16 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 AR W12411 DI 10.1029/2005WR004812 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 118PE UT WOS:000242953400002 ER PT J AU Rogosic, J Pfister, JA Provenza, FD Grbesa, D AF Rogosic, Jozo Pfister, James A. Provenza, Frederick D. Grbesa, Darko TI The effect of activated charcoal and number of species offered on intake of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep and goats SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE activated charcoal; biodiversity; diet selection; goats; Mediterranean shrubs; secondary compounds; sheep ID PLANT BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY; ESSENTIAL OILS; TRICHOSURUS-VULPECULA; VARIED DIETS; HERBIVORE; METABOLISM; EXPERIENCE; RUMINANTS; AVERSIONS; SAGEBRUSH AB Maquis and garrigues are extensive shrubland vegetation types in the Mediterranean region that provide important habitat for wild and domestic herbivores. Although the majority of these shrubs are nutritious, virtually all contain secondary compounds that reduce their forage value. Understanding how animals cope with ingesting secondary compounds is vital for increasing consumption of shrubs and for enhancing and maintaining biodiversity of these shrublands. Ingesting compounds such as activated charcoal can ameliorate the negative effects of secondary compounds and enable animals to eat more shrubs, but offering a variety of shrubs may have a similar effect on increasing intake. Thus, our objectives were to determine if supplemental charcoal and numbers of shrub species offered influenced intake of shrubs by sheep and goats. We conducted two trials each with 12 sheep and 12 goats (six activated charcoal versus six controls). In Trial 1, we offered six shrubs. In Trial 2, we initially offered three shrubs (Period 1: Juniperus phoenicea, Helichrysum italicum and Juniperus oxicedrus), then two shrubs (Period 2: J. phoenicea and H. italicum), and finally one shrub (Period 3: J. phoenicea). In Trial 1, goats ate more total shrub biomass than did sheep (45.7 +/- 1.0 g/kg b.w. versus 27.2 +/- 0.7 g/kg body weight (b.w.), respectively), and there was no difference in shrub intake (P = 0.39) between charcoal-treated animals and controls (mean 37.5 +/- 0.8 g/kg b.w.). In Trial 2, supplemental charcoal had a positive effect on total shrub intake for both sheep and goats in all three periods (Period 1, P < 0.001; Period 2, P < 0.001 and Period 3, P < 0.03), and goats ate more shrubs than did sheep in all three periods (P < 0.01). Regardless of period, both species of animals showed a numerical decrease in total shrub intake, with or without supplemental charcoal, as the number of shrub species on offer decreased. Our findings support the hypothesis that plant biochemical diversity plays an important role in diet selection, thus enabling animals to better meet their nutritional needs and avoid toxicity. In addition, as the number of shrubs in the diet decreased, and supplemental energy was reduced, activated charcoal had a greater impact on shrub intake. Finally, activated charcoal had the same influence on sheep and goats throughout the trials, even though goats always ate more shrubs than did sheep. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Split, Dept Nat Resources, Split 21000, Croatia. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Zagreb, Fac Agron, Dept Anim Nutr, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Rogosic, J (reprint author), Univ Split, Dept Nat Resources, Livanjska 5, Split 21000, Croatia. EM jozo@oss.unist.hr NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.01.012 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 116DG UT WOS:000242782100007 ER PT J AU Jacques, D Simunek, J Mallants, D van Genuchten, MT AF Jacques, D. Simunek, J. Mallants, D. van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Operator-splitting errors in coupled reactive transport codes for transient variably saturated flow and contaminant transport in layered soil profiles SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE coupled reactive transport; unsaturated flow modelling; geochemical reactions; operator-splitting errors ID DISPERSION REACTION EQUATION; GROUNDWATER; MODELS; EVAPORATION; SIMULATION AB One possible way of integrating subsurface flow and transport processes with (bio)geochemical reactions is to couple by means of an operator-splitting approach two completely separate codes, one for variably-saturated flow and solute transport and one for equilibrium and kinetic biogeochemical reactions. This paper evaluates the accuracy of the operator-splitting approach for multicomponent systems for typical soil environmental problems involving transient atmospheric boundary conditions (precipitation, evapotranspiration) and layered soil profiles. The recently developed HP 1 code was used to solve the coupled transport and chemical equations. For steady-state flow conditions, the accuracy was found to be mainly a function of the adopted spatial discretization and to a lesser extent of the temporal discretization. For transient flow situations, the accuracy depended in a complex manner on grid discretization, time stepping and the main flow conditions (infiltration versus evaporation). Whereas a finer grid size reduced the numerical errors during steady-state flow or the main infiltration periods, the errors sometimes slightly increased (generally less than 50%) when a finer grid size was used during periods with a high evapotranspiration demand (leading to high pressure head gradients near the soil surface). This indicates that operator-splitting errors are most significant during periods with high evaporative boundary conditions. The operator-splitting errors could be decreased by constraining the time step using the performance index (the product of the grid Peclet and Courant numbers) during infiltration, or the maximum time step during evapotranspiration. Several test problems were used to provide guidance for optimal spatial and temporal discretization. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEN SCK, Waste & Disposal Dept, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salinity Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Jacques, D (reprint author), CEN SCK, Waste & Disposal Dept, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM djacques@sckcen.be RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Mallants, Dirk/A-5727-2012; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI Mallants, Dirk/0000-0001-7282-1981; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.06.008 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 121TX UT WOS:000243181000003 PM 16919364 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Richardson, CW King, KW Allen, PM AF Harmel, R. D. Richardson, C. W. King, K. W. Allen, P. M. TI Runoff and soil loss relationships for the Texas Blackland Prairies ecoregion SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural runoff; erosion; peak flow frequency; trend analysis ID UNITED-STATES; SURFACE RUNOFF; SEDIMENT; PRECIPITATION; TILLAGE; SIMULATION; DISCHARGE; VERTISOL; DATABASE; EROSION AB Hydrological and soil loss data have been collected since 1937 at the USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory near Riesel, TX. Data from the site, originally named the Blacklands Experimental Watershed, have played a vital role in the evaluation of conservation management practices to limit soil erosion and off site herbicide transport and in the development of several watershed models used worldwide. The entire record of precipitation, runoff, sediment toss, management practices, and limited meteorological information is publicly available (http://www.ars.usda.gov/spa/hydro-data). The data represent a valuable regional resource for use in water supply modeling, rural land development, and agricultural land management. Results of the present analyses confirmed the importance of soil-water phases to temporal runoff patterns in the Texas Blackland Prairies ecoregion. Little runoff occurs in the "dry" soil-water phase (avg. = 2-9 mm/month), but substantial surface runoff and lateral subsurface return flow occurs in the "saturated" phase (avg. = 19-28 mm/month). Strong linear relationships (P < 0.0001) were determined between watershed size and annual peak flow rates for return intervals from 2 to 100 yr. Long-term data indicate a drastic reduction in soil loss from small grain production compared to row crop production due to the presence of soil cover in both the spring and fall high precipitation periods. Thus, utilization of a winter cover crop in row crop production or conversion from row crop to small grain production can be effective in reducing offsite transport of sediment and associated contaminants, which may be important in watersheds with substantial agricultural contribution to water quality impairment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Columbus, OH USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 331 IS 3-4 BP 471 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.05.033 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 114XA UT WOS:000242697700009 ER PT J AU De Lannoy, GJM Verhoest, NEC Houser, PR Gish, TJ Van Meirvenne, M AF De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M. Verhoest, Niko E. C. Houser, Paul R. Gish, Timothy J. Van Meirvenne, Marc TI Spatial and temporal characteristics of soil moisture in an intensively monitored agricultural field (OPE3) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; temporal characteristics; spatial characteristics; modeling; assimilation ID VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; WATER; ASSIMILATION; TARRAWARRA; CATCHMENT; DYNAMICS; STATES AB A four-dimensional dataset of soil moisture from the Optimizing Production Inputs for Economic and Environmental Enhancement (OPE3) field has been analyzed for temporal and spatial characteristics. Knowledge of soil moisture patterns improves the understanding of processes in the land surface system and helps to identify these processes for use in modeling research. Statistics describing the soil moisture distribution in time showed a lower temporal variability at points in deeper soil layers, except for the deep sensors which were influenced by subsurface flow, where a high temporal variability could be found. The temporal autocorrelation increased with depth in the soil profile. The cross correlation between time series of soil moisture at different points in space decreased with depth and was more variable in deeper soil layers. For the spatial pattern of soil moisture, geostatistical information was extracted from variograms. The evolution of the spatial patterns was dependent on the soil moisture state. In the upper layer, the spatial variability and range increased with increasing soil moisture, while the opposite was found for deeper layers. For deeper layers, the range was mostly limited due to the complex hydrogeology. In this paper, all analyses were related to the needs in modeling and assimilation practices. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. George Mason Univ, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Res Environm & Water, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP De Lannoy, GJM (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Gabrielle.DeLannoy@lid.kviv.be RI Verhoest, Niko/C-9726-2010; Van Meirvenne, Marc/H-2932-2013; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013 OI Verhoest, Niko/0000-0003-4116-8881; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441 NR 32 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 331 IS 3-4 BP 719 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.016 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 114XA UT WOS:000242697700027 ER PT J AU Loving, CL Brockmeier, SL Ma, WJ Richt, JA Sacco, RE AF Loving, Crystal L. Brockmeier, Susan L. Ma, Wenjun Richt, Juergen A. Sacco, Randy E. TI Innate cytokine responses in porcine macrophage populations: Evidence for differential recognition of double-stranded RNA SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; SIGNALING PATHWAY; VIRUS-REPLICATION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; VIRAL-INFECTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NS1 PROTEIN; IN-VITRO AB Pulmonary airways are vulnerable to infection because of exposure to Ag during respiration. The innate, antiviral response must be activated rapidly after pathogen recognition, and alveolar macrophages (AM phi) play a role in this response. TLR3 and protein kinase R (PKR) recognize dsRNA, a replication intermediate of RNA viruses, and initiate transcription of IFN-alpha 3. In this study, synthetic dsRNA poly(I:C) was used to investigate innate responses of porcine AM phi compared with responses of peritoneal macrophages (PM phi). Poly(I:C) triggered IFN-alpha beta; in AM phi and PM phi, but levels in AM phi were higher. In contrast, mRNA levels of IFN-stimulated genes, Mx and PKR, were greater in PM phi than AM phi. Low levels of Mx and PKR transcription in AM phi were not due to deficient type I IFN receptor signaling, as exogenous IFN-alpha induced nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT1. To investigate the differential mechanism by which IFN-alpha beta; transcription is activated in AM phi and PM phi, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) was used to block dsRNA-mediated activation of PKR. IFN-alpha beta, Mx, and PKR mRNA levels in AM phi after poly(I:C) treatment were unaffected by 2-AP; conversely, transcription of IFN-alpha beta, Mx, or PKR remained at baseline levels in PM phi. Phosphorylated PKR was detected in PM phi, but not AM phi, after poly(I:C) treatment. In addition to IFN-alpha beta gene induction, mRNA levels of TNF-alpha and RANTES were higher in AM phi than PM phi after poly(I:C) stimulation. In summary, differential dsRNA-induced cytokine expression patterns between AM phi and PM phi provide evidence that dsRNA recognition and subsequent signaling is likely mediated via TLR3 in AM phi and PKR in PM phi. C1 USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Immunobiol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM r.sacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 12 BP 8432 EP 8439 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 125BP UT WOS:000243416800019 PM 17142740 ER PT J AU Zhang, QY Xiao, XM Braswell, B Linder, E Ollinger, S Smith, ML Jenkins, JP Baret, F Richardson, AD Moore, B Minocha, R AF Zhang, Qingyuan Xiao, Xiangming Braswell, Bobby Linder, Ernst Ollinger, Scott Smith, Marie-Louise Jenkins, Julian P. Baret, Fred Richardson, Andrew D. Moore, Berrien, III Minocha, Rakesh TI Characterization of seasonal variation of forest canopy in a temperate deciduous broadleaf forest, using daily MODIS data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bartlett Experimental Forest; MODIS; snow; atmosphere contamination; phenology; PROSPECT; SAIL-2; FAPAR; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; (MCMC) method ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GLOBAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SUGAR-BEET CANOPIES; SAIL MODEL; REFLECTANCE MODELS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS AB In this paper, we present an improved procedure for collecting no or little atmosphere- and snow-contaminated observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. The resultant time series of daily MODIS data of a temperate deciduous broadleaf forest (the Bartlett Experimental Forest) in 2004 show strong seasonal dynamics of surface reflectance of green, near infrared and shortwave infrared bands, and clearly delineate leaf phenology and length of plant growing season. We also estimate the fractions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by vegetation canopy (FAPAR(canopy)), leaf (FAPAR(leaf)), and chlorophyll (FAPAR(chl)), respectively, using a coupled leaf-canopy radiative transfer model (PROSAIL-2) and daily MODIS data. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method (the Metropolis algorithm) is used for model inversion, which provides probability distributions of the retrieved variables. A two-step procedure is used to estimate the fractions of absorbed PAR: (1) to retrieve biophysical and biochemical variables from MODIS images using the PROSAIL-2 model; and (2) to calculate the fractions with the estimated model variables from the first step. Inversion and forward simulations of the PROSAIL-2 model are carried out for the temperate deciduous broadleaf forest during day of year (DOY) 184 to 201 in 2005. The reproduced reflectance values from the PROSAIL-2 model agree well with the observed MODIS reflectance for the five spectral bands (green, red, NIR1, NIR2, and SWIR1]). The estimated leaf area index, leaf dry matter, leaf chlorophyll content and FAPAR(canopy) values are close to field measurements at the site. The results also showed significant differences between FAPAR(canopy) and FAPAR(chl) at the site. Our results show that MODIS imagery provides important information on biophysical and biochemical variables at both leaf and canopy levels. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Math & Stat, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, F-84914 Avignon, France. RP Zhang, QY (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM qyz72@yahoo.com RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; Baret, Fred/C-4135-2011 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Baret, Fred/0000-0002-7655-8997 NR 74 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 105 IS 3 BP 189 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.06.013 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 111RZ UT WOS:000242473300002 ER PT J AU Anderson, J Martin, ME Smith, ML Dubayah, RO Hofton, MA Hyde, P Peterson, BE Blair, JB Knox, RG AF Anderson, Jeanne Martin, M. E. Smith, M-L. Dubayah, R. O. Hofton, M. A. Hyde, P. Peterson, B. E. Blair, J. B. Knox, R. G. TI The use of waveform lidar to measure northern temperate mixed conifer and deciduous forest structure in New Hampshire SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE LVIS; laser altimetry; structure; height; biomass; quadratic mean stem diameter ID LASER ALTIMETER; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; FOOTPRINT LIDAR; TROPICAL FOREST; CANOPY; VALIDATION; BIOMASS; STAND; TOPOGRAPHY AB The direct retrieval of canopy height and the estimation of aboveground biomass are two important measures of forest structure that can be quantified by airborne laser scanning at landscape scales. These and other metrics are central to studies attempting to quantify global carbon cycles and to improve understanding of the spatial variation in forest structure evident within differing biomes. Data acquired using NASA's Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) over the Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) in central New Hampshire (USA) was used to assess the performance of waveform lidar in a northern temperate mixed conifer and deciduous forest. Using coincident plots established for this study, we found strong agreement between field and lidar measurements of height (r(2)=0.80, 2 p < 0.000) at the footprint level. Allometric calculations of aboveground biomass (AGBM) and LVIS metrics (AGBM: r(2)=0.61, PRESS RMSE=58.0 Mg ha(-1), p < 0.000) and quadratic mean stem diameter (QMSD) and LVIS metrics (r(2) = 0.54, p = 0.002) also showed good agreement at the footprint level. Application of a generalized equation for determining AGBM proposed by Lefsky et a]. (2002a) to footprint-level field data from Bartlett resulted in a coefficient of determination of 0.55; RMSE = 64.4 Mg ha(-1); p 0.002. This is slightly weaker than the strongest relationship found with the best-fit single term regression model. Relationships between a permanent grid of USDA Forest Service inventory plots and the mean values of aggregated LVIS metrics, however, were not as strong. This discrepancy suggests that validation efforts must be cautious in using pre-existing field data networks as a sole means of calibrating and verifying such remote sensing data. Stratification based on land-use or species composition, however, did provide the means to improve regression relationships at this scale. Regression models established at the footprint level for AGBM and QMSD were applied to LVIS data to generate predicted values for the whole of Bartlett. The accuracy of these models was assessed using varying subsets of the USFS NERS plot data. Coefficient of determinations ranged from fair to strong with aspects of land-use history and species composition influencing both the fit and the level of error seen in the predicted relationships. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jeanne.anderson@alumni.unh.edu RI Knox, Robert/E-9657-2011; Khachadourian, Diana/C-8513-2012; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 NR 47 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 105 IS 3 BP 248 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.001 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 111RZ UT WOS:000242473300007 ER PT J AU Zaiss, DM Yang, L Shah, PR Kobie, JJ Urban, JF Mosmann, TR AF Zaiss, Dietmar M. Yang, Li Shah, Pranav R. Kobie, James J. Urban, Joseph F. Mosmann, Tim R. TI Amphiregulin, a T(H)2 cytokine enhancing resistance to nematodes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARASITE; MOUSE C1 Univ Rochester, David H Smith Ctr Vaccine Biol & Immunol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mosmann, TR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, David H Smith Ctr Vaccine Biol & Immunol, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Tim_Mosmann@urmc.rochester.edu OI Zaiss, Dietmar/0000-0003-3596-7062; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48604]; PHS HHS [DFG/ZA280] NR 7 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1746 EP 1746 DI 10.1126/science.1133715 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600049 PM 17170297 ER PT J AU Hong, YH Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, EP AF Hong, Yeong Ho Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Sung Hyen Dalloul, Rami A. Lillehoj, Erik P. TI Analysis of chicken cytokine and chemokine gene expression following Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella infections SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; cytokines; chemokines; T lymphocytes; quantitative RT-PCR ID INTESTINAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; COCCIDIOSIS; MAXIMA; CDNA; INTERLEUKIN-18 AB The expression levels of mRNA encoding a panel of 28 chicken cytokines and chemokines were quantified in intestinal lymphocytes following Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella primary and secondary infections. Compared with uninfected controls, transcripts of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-17 were increased up to 2020-fold following primary infection. By contrast, following secondary infection by either microorganism, pro-inflammatory mRNAs levels were relatively unchanged (<= 20-fold). Transcripts encoding the Th1 and Th1 regulatory cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, and IL-18 were uniformly increased 14-2471-fold after E. acervulina primary infection, but either unchanged (IL-15, IL-16, IL-18), increased (IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-12), or decreased (IL-2) following E. tenella primary infection. Following secondary infections, Th1 cytokine mRNA levels were relatively unchanged, with the exception of IL-12 which was increased 1.5 x 10(5)-fold after E. acervulina and decreased 5.1 x 10(4)-fold after E. tenella infection. Transcripts for the Th2 or Th2 regulatory cytokines IL-3 and GM-CSF were increased up to 327-fold following primary or secondary infection with both parasites, while IL-4 and IL-13 mRNAs were decreased 25- to 2 x 10(5)-fold after primary or secondary infection. The dynamics of chicken chemokine expression revealed modest changes (< 100-fold) following primary or secondary infection except for lymphotactin. When lymphocyte subpopulations were similarly analyzed, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, IL-15, and MIF were most highly increased in TCR2(+) cells following E. acervulina infection, while TCR1(+) cells only expressed high levels of IL-16 following E. tenella infection. In contrast, CD4(+) cells only expressed highest levels of IL-10 after E. acervulina infection, whereas these cells produced abundant transcripts forIFN-gamma, IL-3, IL-15, and MIF after E. tenella infection. We conclude that coccidiosis induces a diverse and robust primary cytokine/chemokine response, but a more subdued secondary response. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1040,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 55 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.07.007 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 112LM UT WOS:000242527400002 PM 16996141 ER PT J AU Hong, YH Lillehoj, HS Lillehoj, EP Lee, SH AF Hong, Yeong Ho Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lillehoj, Erik P. Lee, Sung Hyen TI Changes in immune-related gene expression and intestinal lymphocyte subpopulations following Eimeria maxima infection of chickens SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; cytokines; chemokines; T cells; quantitative RT-PCR ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA-4; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ACERVULINA-INDUCED CHANGES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; T-CELLS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NITRIC-OXIDE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION AB Coccidiosis, a major intestinal parasitic disease of poultry, induces a cell-mediated immune response against the etiologic agent of the disease, Eimeria. In the current study, the expression levels of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory, Th1, and Th2 cytokines, as well as chemokines were measured in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) after Eimeria maxima infection. In addition, changes in IEL numbers were quantified following E. maxima infection. Transcripts of the pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, and IL-18 were increased 66- to 8 x 10(7)-fold following primary parasite infection. Similarly, mRNA levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-3, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF were up-regulated 34- to 8800-fold, and the chemokines IL-8, lymphotactin, MIF, and K203 were increased 42- to 1756-fold. In contrast, IFN-alpha, TGF-beta 4, and K60 transcripts showed no increased expression, and only the level of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 was increased following secondary E. maxima infection. Increases in intestinal T cell subpopulations following E. maxima infection also were detected. CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) cells were significantly increased at days 8, 6, and 7 post-primary infection, respectively, but only CD4(+) cells remained elevated following secondary infection. TCR1(+) cells exhibited a biphasic pattern following primary infection, whereas TCR2(+) cells displayed a single peak in levels. Taken together, these data indicate a global chicken intestinal immune response is produced following experimental Eimeria infection involving multiple cytokines, chemokines, and T cell subsets. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1040,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 72 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.08.006 PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 112LM UT WOS:000242527400006 PM 17045659 ER PT J AU Butchko, RAE Plattner, RD Proctor, RH AF Butchko, Robert A. E. Plattner, Ronald D. Proctor, Robert H. TI Deletion analysis of FUM genes involved in tricarballylic ester formation during fumonisin biosynthesis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Gibberella moniliformis; Fusarium verticillioides; FUM genes; mycotoxin; tricarballylic ester ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; GIBBERELLA-MONILIFORMIS; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; C-5 HYDROXYLATION; DISRUPTION; MYCOTOXINS; MAIZE AB Fumonisins are carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by the maize ear rot pathogen Gibberella moniliformis (anamorph Fusarium verticillioides). These toxins consist of a linear polyketide-derived backbone substituted at various positions with an amine, one to four hydroxyl, two methyl, and two tricarballylic ester functions. In this study, we generated and characterized deletion mutants of G. moniliformis for five genes, FUM7, FUM10, FUM11, FUM14, and FUM16 in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster. Functional analysis of mutants in four genes, predicted to encode unrelated proteins, affected formation of the tricarballylic esters. FUM7 deletion mutants produced a previously undescribed homologue of fumonisin B-1 with an alkene function in both tricarballylic esters, FUM10 and FUM14 deletion mutants produced homologues of fumonisin B-3 and fumonisin B-4 that lack tricarballylic ester functions, and FUM11 deletion mutants produced fumonisins that lack one of the tricarballylic ester functions. These phenotypes indicated specific roles for FUM7, FUM10, FUM11, and FUM14 in fumonisin biosynthesis that are consistent with the predicted proteins encoded by each gene. Deletion of FUM16 had no apparent effect on fumonisin production. The phenotypes of the deletion mutants provide further insight into the order of steps in fumonisin biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Butchko, RAE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM butchkora@ncaur.usda.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 25 BP 9398 EP 9404 DI 10.1021/jf0617869 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 113CH UT WOS:000242574800018 PM 17147424 ER PT J AU Wang, X Wang, ZY Gao, HL Danscher, G Huang, LP AF Wang, Xin Wang, Zhan-You Gao, Hui-Ling Danscher, Gorm Huang, Liping TI Localization of ZnT7 and zinc ions in mouse retina - Immunohistochemistry and selenium autometallography SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE zinc; ZnT7; zinc transporter; retina; mouse ID ENDOGENOUS ZINC; BIPOLAR CELLS; SPINAL-CORD; TRANSPORTER-3 ZNT-3; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; HORIZONTAL CELLS; CATFISH RETINA; OCULAR-TISSUES; GABA RESPONSES; RAT RETINA AB Zinc transporter 7 (ZnT7, Slc30a7), a member of the Slc30 family, is involved in mobilizing zinc ions from the cytoplasm into the Golgi apparatus. In the present study, we examined the distribution and localization of ZnT7 and the labile zinc ions in the mouse retina using immunohistochemistry and in vivo zinc-selenium autometallography (ZnSeAMG). Our results showed that ZnT7 is abundantly expressed in the ganglion cells and pigment epithelial cells of the mouse retina. ZnT7 is also expressed in the amacrine cells and the layer of optic fibers of the mouse retina, but to a lesser extent. Weak staining of ZnT7 was detected in the inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer, and outer segment of the photoreceptors. However, ZnT7 was not detected in the outer nuclear layer and inner segment of the photoreceptors. A high level of labile zinc pool was detected in the pigment epithelial cells, the inner segment of the photoreceptors, and the marginal region of the inner nuclear layer. Less amount of labile zinc ions were detected in the ganglion cells of the retina. These observations strongly suggest that ZnT7 may play critical roles in retinal zinc homeostasis and that chelatable zinc pools may have multiple functions in the retina. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. Univ Aarhus, Dept Neurobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. EM wangzy@mail.cmu.edu.cn NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.08.002 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 115LJ UT WOS:000242735500014 PM 17113933 ER PT J AU Childers, CC Nakahara, S AF Childers, Carl C. Nakahara, Sueo TI Thysanoptera (thrips) within citrus orchards in Florida: Species distribution, relative and seasonal abundance within trees, and species on vines and ground cover plants SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thrips; terebrantia; phlaeothripinae; idolothripinae; thripidae; phlaeothripidae ID FRANKLINIELLA-BISPINOSA THYSANOPTERA; NAVEL ORANGE; FLOWERS; HAWAIIENSIS; DANOTHRIPS; BLOOM; BUDS AB Seven citrus orchards on reduced to no pesticide spray programs were sampled for Thysanoptera in central and south central Florida. Inner and outer canopy leaves, fruits, twigs, trunk scrapings, vines and ground cover plants were sampled monthly between January 1995 and January 1996. Thirty- six species of thrips were identified from 2,979 specimens collected from within citrus tree canopies and 18,266 specimens from vines and ground cover plants within the seven citrus orchards. The thrips species included seven predators [Aleurodothrips fasciapennis ( Franklin), Karnyothrips flavipes ( Jones), K. melaleucus ( Bagnall), Leptothrips cassiae ( Watson), L. macroocellatus ( Watson), L. pini ( Watson), and Scolothrips sexmaculatus ( Pergande)] 21 plant feeding species [ Anaphothrips n. sp., Arorathrips mexicanus ( Crawford), Aurantothrips orchidaceous ( Bagnall), Baileyothrips limbatus ( Hood), Chaetanaphothrips orchidii ( Moulton), Danothrips trifasciatus ( Sakimura), Echinothrips americanus ( Morgan), Frankliniella bispinosa ( Morgan), F. cephalica ( Crawford), F. fusca ( Hinds), F. gossypiana ( Hood), Frankliniella sp. ( runneri group), Haplothrips gowdeyi ( Franklin), Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis ( Bouche), Leucothrips piercei ( Morgan), Microcephalothrips abdominalis ( Crawford), Neohydatothrips floridanus ( Watson), N. portoricensis ( Morgan), Pseudothrips inequalis ( Beach), Scirtothrips sp., and Thrips hawaiiensis ( Morgan)]; and eight fungivorous feeding species [ Adraneothrips decorus ( Hood), Hoplandrothrips pergandei ( Hinds), Idolothripinae sp., Merothrips floridensis ( Watson), M. morgani ( Hood), Neurothrips magnafemoralis ( Hinds), Stephanothrips occidentalis Hood and Williams, and Symphyothrips sp.]. Only F. bispinosa, C. orchidii, D. trifasciatus, and H. haemorrhoidalis have been considered economic pests on Florida citrus. Scirtothrips sp. and T. hawaiiensis were recovered in low numbers within Florida citrus orchards. Both are potential pest species to citrus and possibly other crops in Florida. The five most abundant thrips species collected within citrus tree canopies were: A. fasciapennis, F. bispinosa, C. orchidii, K. flavipes, and D. trifasciatus. In comparison, the following five thrips species were most abundant on vines or ground cover plants: F. bispinosa, H. gowdeyi, F. cephalica, M. abdominalis, and F. gossypiana. Fifty-eight species of vines or ground cover plants in 26 families were infested with one or more of 27 species of thrips. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Childers, CC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM ccc@crec.ifas.ufl.edu NR 55 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 45 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134IL UT WOS:000244076600001 ER PT J AU Magnani, E Bartling, L Hake, S AF Magnani, Enrico Bartling, Linnea Hake, Sarah TI From Gateway to MultiSite Gateway in one recombination event SO BMC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DNA; CLONING; PROTEIN; SYSTEM; GENES AB Background: Invitrogen Gateway technology exploits the integrase/att site-specific recombination system for directional cloning of PCR products and the subsequent subcloning into destination vectors. One or three DNA segments can be cloned using Gateway or MultiSite Gateway respectively. A vast number of single-site Gateway destination vectors have been created while MultiSite Gateway is limited to few destination vectors and therefore to few applications. The aim of this work was to make the MultiSite Gateway technology available for multiple biological purposes. Results: We created a construct, pDONR-R4-R3, to easily convert any available Gateway destination vector to a MultiSite Gateway vector in a single recombination reaction. In addition, we designed pDONR-R4-R3 so that DNA fragments already cloned upstream or downstream of the Gateway cassette in the original destination vectors can still be utilized for promoter-gene or translational fusions after the conversion. Conclusion: Our tool makes MultiSite Gateway a more widely accessible technology and expands its applications by exploiting all the features of the Gateway vectors already available. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Magnani, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM emagnani@berkeley.edu; lkbartling@gmail.com; maizesh@nature.berkeley.edu NR 10 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2199 J9 BMC MOL BIOL JI BMC Mol. Biol. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 46 DI 10.1186/1471-2199-7-46 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 118GY UT WOS:000242931600001 PM 17150110 ER PT J AU Lancaster, ST Grant, GE AF Lancaster, Stephen T. Grant, Gordon E. TI Debris dams and the relief of headwater streams SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE debris; drainage patterns; landform evolution; natural dams; relief; stream gradient ID OREGON COAST RANGE; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; WESTERN OREGON; LANDSCAPE RESPONSE; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; RIVER INCISION; EROSION RATES; SEDIMENT; FLOWS; BEDROCK AB In forested, mountain landscapes where debris flows are common, their deposition commonly forms valley-spanning dams of wood, boulders, or complex mixtures of both in headwater valleys. Sediment impoundment behind these dams causes alluviation in what would otherwise be bedrock channels. In this paper, the effects of debris dams on the evolution of headwater valley profiles over geologic time are examined. In the Oregon Coast Range, USA, longitudinal profiles of three headwater channels (approximately 2 km(2) maximum contributing area), two of which are nominally bedrock, and all debris dams were surveyed. Channel and valley widths were measured, and surface bed material measurements (pebble counts) were taken at several locations along one stream. Cumulative relief in debris dams is highly variable within and among streams, reaching a maximum of 58% of profile relief at one location. The surveyed dams comprise 9.8%, 19%, and 6.4% of total basin relief in the three corresponding drainage basins, respectively. A model of bedrock erosion and channel profile evolution is derived that accounts for (a) fractional coverage by the channel of total valley width at any given time and (b) shielding by sediment impounded behind debris dams. The equation for incision rate, assumed constant, is solved for valley gradient as a function of contributing area, and parameter values are estimated from or supplied by field data. Results are compared to stream-gradient-conttibuting-area relationships obtained for the field sites. These comparisons suggest a strong effect of network structure, which varies significantly among the sites, on profile shape and relief because of the different susceptibilities to debris-flow deposition and, therefore, debris-dam formation. Longitudinal profiles with and without the effects of debris dams are modeled for one forced-alluvial, i.e., nominally bedrock, channel. For these model profiles, which extend only as far as the surveyed profile at this site, 55% of the profile relief is due to debris dams and the concomitant shielding of the bed by impounded sediment. The results suggest that a significant fraction of the relief of such forested, mountain landscapes is due to the effects of relatively immobile wood and boulders deposited in the valleys by debris flows. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lancaster, ST (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Stephen.Lancaster@geo.oregonstate.edu RI Lancaster, Stephen/A-4251-2011 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 84 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.08.020 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 143FF UT WOS:000244704700006 ER PT J AU He, HQ Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH AF He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. Nisbet, David J. Kogut, Michael H. TI Involvement of phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C in immune response to Salmonella lipopolysacharide in chicken macrophage cells (HD11) SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; nitric oxide; phospholipase C; toll-like receptors; chicken macrophage cells ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; NF-KAPPA-B; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; STIMULATED HUMAN; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; REGULATES ACTIVATION AB The activation of phospholipases is one of the earliest key events in receptor-mediated cellular responses to a number of extracellular signaling molecules. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a principle component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and a prime target for recognition by the innate immune system. In the present study, we evaluated the role of specific phospholipase in the activation of a chicken macrophage cell line HD11 by LPS. Activation of HD11 cells by LPS results in induction of nitric oxide (NO). Using selective inhibitors, we have identified that phosphatidylinositol (PI)-phospholipase C (PI-PLC), but not phosphatidylcholine (PC)phospholipase C (PC-PLC) nor PC-phospholipase D (PC-PLD), was required for LPS-induced NO production. Preincubation with PI-PLC selective inhibitors (U-73122 and ET-18-OCH3) abrogated LPS-induced NO production in HD11 cells, whereas PC-PLC inhibitor (D609), phosphatide phosphohydrolase inhibitor (propranolol), and PC-PLD inhibitor (n-butanol) had no inhibitory effects. We also showed that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) by selective inhibitors Ro 31-8220 and calphostin C and chelating intracellular Ca2+ by BAPTA-AM significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated HD11 cells. Our results demonstrate that PI-PLC plays a critical role, most likely through activation of PKC pathway, in TLR4 mediated immune responses of avian macrophage cells to LPS. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plain Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP He, HQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plain Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM he@ffsru.usda.gov NR 60 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-5769 J9 INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL JI Int. Immunopharmacol. PD DEC 5 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1780 EP 1787 DI 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.07.013 PG 8 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 105WM UT WOS:000242063000003 PM 17052668 ER PT J AU Fang, ZD Laskey, JG Huang, S Bilyeu, KD Morris, RO Schmidt, FJ English, JT AF Fang, Zhiwei David Laskey, James G. Huang, Shaoxing Bilyeu, Kristin D. Morris, Roy O. Schmidt, Francis J. English, James T. TI Combinatorially selected defense peptides protect plant roots from pathogen infection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium of the National-Academy-of-Sciences From Functional Genomics of Model Organisms to Crop Plants for Global Health CY APR 03-05, 2006 CL Washington, DC DE disease resistance; Phytophthora ID ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; CYTOKININ OXIDASE; PHAGE DISPLAY; DISEASE; DEHYDROGENASE; DEGRADATION; MAIZE; MODEL AB Agricultural productivity and sustainability are continually challenged by emerging and indigenous pathogens. Currently, many pathogens can be combated only with biocides or environmentally dangerous fumigants. Here, we report a rapid and pathogen-specific strategy to reduce infection by organisms that target plant roots. Combinatorially selected defense peptides, previously shown to effect premature encystment of Phytophthora capsici zoospores, were fused to maize cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase as a display scaffold. When expressed in tomato roots, the peptide-scaffold constructs were secreted and accumulated to sufficient concentrations in the rhizosphere to induce zoospore encystment and thereby deter taxis to the root surface. Pathogen infection was significantly inhibited in roots expressing bioactive peptides fused to the maize cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase scaffold. This peptide-delivery technology is broadly applicable for rapid development of plant defense attributes against plant pathogens. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Schmidt, FJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM schmidtf@missouri.edu; englishj@missouri.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 5 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 49 BP 18444 EP 18449 DI 10.1073/pnas.0605542103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 114TZ UT WOS:000242689800014 PM 17030803 ER PT J AU Hofgaard, IS Wanner, LA Tronsmo, AM AF Hofgaard, Ingerd S. Wanner, Leslie A. Tronsmo, Anne Marte TI The effect of age and cold hardening on resistance to pink snow mould (Microdochium nivale) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION B-SOIL AND PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold acclimatization; gene expression; pathogenesis; related proteins ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; WINTER STRESS FACTORS; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT; FRUCTAN METABOLISM; FUSARIUM-NIVALE; WHEAT; PLANTS; INFECTION AB The effect of plant age and cold hardening on resistance to pink snow mould caused by Microdochium nivale was studied in perennial ryegrass. Resistance to M. nivale was estimated as relative regrowth after inoculation and incubation under artificial snow cover at 2 degrees C. Resistance increased with increasing plant age. Cold hardened and unhardened plants of the same age displayed identical resistance. Preliminary studies indicate that expression of genes coding for the PR proteins chitinase and PR-1a increased during incubation of inoculated perennial ryegrass, but no clear difference in expression of these genes was found between plants of different ages, or in hardened versus unhardened plants. C1 Norwegian Crop Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, NO-1432 As, Norway. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Inst Plant & Environm Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Hofgaard, IS (reprint author), Norwegian Crop Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Hogskoleveien 7, NO-1432 As, Norway. EM ingerd.hofgaard@planteforsk.no NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4710 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND B-S P JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 4 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1080/09064710500407828 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 106LJ UT WOS:000242101700008 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Morales, JA AF Dubey, J. P. Morales, Juan A. TI Morphologic characterization of Sarcocystis sp sarcocysts from the Buffon's macaw (Ara ambigua) SO ACTA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Buffon's macaw; Ara ambigua; Sarcocystis; sarcocysts; coccidia; Costa Rica ID SOUTH-AMERICAN OPOSSUM; DIDELPHIS-ALBIVENTRIS; SP PROTOZOA; FALCATULA; APICOMPLEXA; PARASITE AB A species of Sarcocystis is reported from two naturally infected Buffon's macaws (Ara ambigua) from Costa Rica. Only mature sarcocysts, measuring up to 950 mu m in length and up to 75 Vin in width, were observed. By light microscopy the sarcocyst wall was thin (< 1 mu m thick) and smooth. The villar protrusions on the sarcocyst wall were up to 4.0 mu m long and up to 0.6 mu m wide; they were folded over the sarcocyst wall giving a thin-walled appearance. The microtubules in villar protrusions were smooth and confined to villar protrusions. Bradyzoites in sections were 4.0-5.9 x 0.8-1.8 mu m in size. Structurally, sarcocysts from the macaw appeared different from sarcocysts of other avian species. This is the first report of Sarcocystis infection in this host. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma, Escuela Med Vet, Dept Patol, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WITOLD STEFANSKI INST PARASITOLOGY PI WARSAW PA TWARDA 51/55, 00-818 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1230-2821 J9 ACTA PARASITOL JI Acta Parasitolog. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.2478/s11686-006-0036-2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 123YZ UT WOS:000243335100001 ER PT J AU Jensen, JM Effland, A AF Jensen, JM Effland, A TI Mary C. Neth - A memorial - (February 4, 1954 September 14, 2005) SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Jensen, JM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1525/ah.2006.80.1.101 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 010FV UT WOS:000235173400006 ER PT J AU Smith, KR AF Smith, Katherine R. TI Public payments for environmental services from agriculture: Precedents and possibilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY JUL 23-26, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Smith, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1167 EP 1173 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00928.x PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 106MZ UT WOS:000242106200005 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Badaloo, A Reid, M Forrester, T AF Jahoor, Farook Badaloo, Asha Reid, Marvin Forrester, Terrence TI Sulfur amino acid metabolism in children with severe childhood undernutrition: cysteine kinetic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cysteine kinetics; edematous severe childhood undernutrition; nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition ID ERYTHROCYTE GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS; PROTEIN; MALNUTRITION; RATES; BODY AB Background: Children with edematous but not nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition (SCU) have lower plasma and erythrocyte-free concentrations of cysteine, the rate-limiting precursor of glutathione synthesis. We propose that these lower cysteine concentrations are due to reduced production secondary to slower de novo synthesis plus decreased release from protein breakdown. Objective: We aimed to measure cysteine production, de novo synthesis, and the rate of cysteine release from protein breakdown in children with SCU. Design: Cysteine flux, de novo synthesis, and release from protein breakdown were measured in 2 groups of children with edematous (n = 11) and nonedematous (it = 11) SCU when they were infected and malnourished (clinical phase 1), when they were still severely malnourished but no longer infected (clinical phase 2), and when they had recovered (clinical phase 3). Results: In clinical phase 1, cysteine production and its release from protein breakdown were slower in both groups of children than were the values in the recovered state. These kinetic variables were significantly slower, however, in the children with edematous SCU than in those with nonedematous SCU. De novo cysteine synthesis in clinical phase 1 was faster than the rate at recovery in the edematous SCU group, and there were no significant differences between the groups at any clinical phase. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cysteine production is reduced in all children with SCU because of a decreased contribution from protein breakdown and not from decreased de novo synthesis. The magnitude of this reduction, however, is much greater in children with edematous SCU than in those with nonedernatous SCU. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Trop Med Res Inst, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [2R01 DK 056689] NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1393 EP 1399 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 116BF UT WOS:000242776800019 PM 17158422 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Badaloo, A Reid, M Forrester, T AF Jahoor, Farook Badaloo, Asha Reid, Marvin Forrester, Terrence TI Sulfur amino acid metabolism in children with severe childhood undernutrition: methionine kinetics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE methionine kinetics; edematous severe childhood undernutrition; nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition ID PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION; ERYTHROCYTE GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HIV-INFECTION; INTESTINE; RATS AB Background: Children with edematous but not nonedematous Severe childhood undernutrition (SCU) have lower plasma and erythrocyte-free concentrations of cysteine and methionine, which suggests a decreased availability of methionine for cysteine synthesis. We propose that methionine production and metabolism will be slower in children with edematous SCU than in those with nonedematous SCU. Objective: We aimed to measure methionine flux, its transmethylation and its transsulfuration, and homocysteine remethylation in children with SCU. Design: Methionine kinetics were measured in 2 groups of children with edematous (n = 11) and nonedematous (n = 11) SCU when they were infected and malnourished (clinical phase 1), when they were still severely malnourished but no longer infected (clinical phase 2), and when they had recovered (clinical phase 3). Results: At clinical phase 1, children with edematous SCU had rates of total methionine flux, flux from protein breakdown, and flux to protein synthesis that were slower than the rates of the nonedematous group. There were no significant differences in homocysteine remethylation or methionine transsulfuration and transinethylation between the groups at clinical phase 1. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, in the acutely malnourished and infected state, children with edematous SCU have slower methionine production than do children with nonedernatous SCU because of a slower rate of release from protein breakdown. This slower methionine production is not, however, associated with slower rates of methionine transsulfuration and transmethylation or homocysteine remethylation. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Res Inst Trop Med, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu OI Reid, Marvin/0000-0003-4005-9384 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [2R01 DK056689] NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1400 EP 1405 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 116BF UT WOS:000242776800020 PM 17158423 ER PT J AU Clifford, AJ de Moura, FF Ho, CC Chuang, JC Follett, J Fadel, JG Novotny, JA AF Clifford, Andrew J. de Moura, Fabiana F. Ho, Charlene C. Chuang, Jennifer C. Follett, Jennifer Fadel, James G. Novotny, Janet A. TI A feasibility study quantifying in vivo human alpha-tocopherol metabolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alpha-tocopherol; isomer; human; metabolism; radiocarbon; accelerator mass spectrometry ID VITAMIN-E METABOLITES; TRANSFER PROTEIN; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; E POTENCY; RRR; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIOKINETICS; ACETATE AB Background: Quantitation of human vitamin E metabolism is incomplete, so we quantified RRR- and all-rac-alpha-tocopherol metabolism in an adult. Objective: The objective of the study was to quantify and interpret in vivo human vitamin E metabolism. Design: A man was given an oral dose of 0.001821 mu mol [5- (CH3)-C-14]RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (with 101.5 nCi C-14), and its fate in plasma, plasma lipoproteins, urine, and feces was measured over time. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using kinetic modeling. The protocol was repeated later with 0.001667 mu mol [5- (CH3)-C-14]all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (with 99.98 nCi C-14). Results: RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate were absorbed equally well (fractional absorption: approximate to 0.775). The main route of elimination was urine, and approximate to 90% of the absorbed dose was alpha-2(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman. Whereas 93.8% of RRR-alpha-tocopherol flow to liver kinetic pool B from plasma was returned to plasma, only 80% of the flow of all-rac-alpha-tocopherol returned to plasma; the difference (14%) was degraded and eliminated. Thus, for newly digested alpha-tocopherol, the all-rac form is preferentially degraded and eliminated over the RRR form. Respective residence times in liver kinetic pool A and plasma for RRR-alpha-tocopherol were 1.16 and 2.19 times as long as those for all-rac-alpha-tocopherol. Model-estimated distributions of plasma alpha-tocopherol, extrahepatic tissue alpha-tocopherol, and liver kinetic pool B for RRR-alpha-tocopherol were, respectively, 6.77, 2.71, and 3.91 times as great as those for all-rac-alpha-tocopherol. Of the lipoproteins, HDL had the lowest C-14 enrichment. Liver had 2 kinetically distinct alpha-tocopherol pools. Conclusions: Both isomers were well absorbed; all-rac-alpha-tocopherol was preferentially degraded and eliminated in urine, the major route. RRR-alpha-tocopherol had a longer residence time and larger distribution than did all-rac-alpha-tocopherol. Liver had 2 distinct alpha-tocopherol pools. The model is a hypothesis, its estimates are model-dependent, and it encourages further testing. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Clifford, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 3147 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajclifford@ucdavis.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR13461]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK R01 48307] NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1430 EP 1441 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 116BF UT WOS:000242776800024 PM 17158427 ER PT J AU Lau, J Balk, EM Harris, WS Lichtenstein, AH AF Lau, Joseph Balk, Ethan M. Harris, William S. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Effects of n-3 fatty acids on arrhythmic events and mortality in the SOFA implantable cardioverter defibrillator trial - Reply to IA Brouwer et al SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID FISH-OIL C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nutr & Metab Res Inst, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lau, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, 750 Washington St,Box 63, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jlau1@tufts-nemc.org NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1554 EP 1555 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 116BF UT WOS:000242776800046 ER PT J AU Alexander, LJ Juneja, B Fahrenkrug, S AF Alexander, L. J. Juneja, B. Fahrenkrug, S. TI Isolation and radiation hybrid mapping of 213 porcine microsatellites SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOME; MAP; ASSIGNMENTS C1 USDA ARS, Larrl, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Alexander, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Larrl, Ft Keogh, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM lee@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 596 EP 597 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01522.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 107VE UT WOS:000242198300013 PM 17121609 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Rodriguez, MF Vallejo, RL Rexroad, CE AF Palti, Y. Rodriguez, M. F. Vallejo, R. L. Rexroad, C. E., III TI Mapping of Toll-like receptor genes in rainbow trout SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DUPLICATION; EVOLUTION; LIBRARY C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM yniv.palti@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 597 EP 598 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01527.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 107VE UT WOS:000242198300014 PM 17121610 ER PT J AU Coulibaly, I Danzmann, RG Palti, Y Vallejo, R Gahr, SA Yao, J Rexroad, CE AF Coulibaly, I. Danzmann, R. G. Palti, Y. Vallejo, R. Gahr, S. A. Yao, J. Rexroad, C. E. TI Mapping of genes in a region associated with upper temperature tolerance in rainbow trout SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MICROSATELLITES; DUPLICATION; LOCI C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM caird.rexroadiii@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 598 EP 599 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01529.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 107VE UT WOS:000242198300015 PM 17121611 ER PT J AU Cepica, S Masopust, M Knoll, A Bartenschlager, H Yerle, M Rohrer, GA Geldermann, H AF Cepica, S. Masopust, M. Knoll, A. Bartenschlager, H. Yerle, M. Rohrer, G. A. Geldermann, H. TI Linkage and RH mapping of 10 genes to a QTL region for fatness and muscling traits on pig chromosome X SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PORCINE GENOME; MAP C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, CR-27721 Libechov, Czech Republic. Med Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Anim Morphol Physiol & Genet, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. Univ Hohenheim, Dept Anim Breeding & Biotechnol, D-70596 Stuttgart, Germany. INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cepica, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, CR-27721 Libechov, Czech Republic. EM cepica@iapg.cas.cz RI Knoll, Ales/D-6896-2012; Cepica, Stanislav/G-7180-2014 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 603 EP 604 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01536.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 107VE UT WOS:000242198300019 PM 17121615 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Shelton, DR Pachepsky, YA Sadeghi, AM Sikora, LJ AF Guber, A. K. Shelton, D. R. Pachepsky, Y. A. Sadeghi, A. M. Sikora, L. J. TI Rainfall-induced release of fecal coliforms and other manure constituents: Comparison and modeling SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATTLE MANURE; RUNOFF; BACTERIA; PHOSPHORUS; TRANSPORT; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; GIARDIA; WATER AB Modeling release of fecal coliforms is an important component of fate and transport simulations related to environmental water quality. Manure constituents other than fecal coliforms may serve as natural tracers of fecal contamination provided that their release from manure to runoff is similar to the fecal coliform release. The objectives of this work were to compare release of fecal coliforms (FC), chloride (Cl-), organic carbon (OC), and water-soluble phosphorus (P) from dissolving manure and to assess the performance of three models in describing the observed release. Bovine manure was applied on 0.5- by 0.3-m bare and vegetated subplots with 20% slope on sandy loam and clay loam soils. Concentrations of Cl-, FC, OC, and P were measured in runoff collected from troughs at the edges of the subplots at 5-min intervals during 1-h rainfall simulations. The one-parametric exponential model and two-parametric Vadas-Kleinman-Sharpley model and Bradford-Schijven model were fitted to the data. The Bradford-Schijven model had uncorrelated parameters, one of which was linearly related to the irrigation rate, and another parameter reflected the presence or the absence of vegetation. Kinetics of the FC release from manure was similar to the release kinetics of P and OC. The Bradford-Schijven model is recommended to simulate the release of manure constituents. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, A135 Bourns Hall, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM aguber@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7531 EP 7539 DI 10.1128/AEM.01121-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 114QS UT WOS:000242681300013 PM 17028232 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Price, NPJ Kroukamp, O Joubert, LM Wolfaardt, GM Van Zyl, WH AF Weimer, Paul J. Price, Neil P. J. Kroukamp, Otini Joubert, Lydia-Marie Wolfaardt, Gideon M. Van Zyl, Willem H. TI Studies of the extracellular glycocalyx of the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus albus 7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULOMONAS-FLAVIGENA KU; ADHESION-DEFECTIVE MUTANT; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; POLYSACCHARIDES; CELLULOSOMES; PROTEINS; BINDING AB Anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria are thought to adhere to cellulose via several mechanisms, including production of a glycocalyx containing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). As the compositions and structures of these glycocalyces have not been elucidated, variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) and chemical analysis were used to characterize the glycocalyx of the ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus albus strain 7. VP-SEM revealed that growth of this strain was accompanied by the formation of thin cellular extensions that allowed the bacterium to adhere to cellulose, followed by formation of a ramifying network that interconnected individual cells to one another and to the unraveling cellulose microfibrils. Extraction of 48-h-old whole-culture pellets (bacterial cells plus glycocalyx [G] plus residual cellulose [C]) with 0.1 N NaOH released carbohydrate and protein in a ratio of 1:5. Boiling of the cellulose fermentation residue in a neutral detergent solution removed almost all of the adherent cells and protein while retaining a residual network of adhering noncellular material. Trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis of this residue (G plus C) released primarily glucose, along with substantial amounts of xylose and mannose, but only traces of galactose, the most abundant sugar in most characterized bacterial exo-polysaccharides. Linkage analysis and characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance suggested that most of the glucosyl units were not present as partially degraded cellulose. Calculations suggested that the energy demand for synthesis of the nonprotein fraction of EPS by this organism represents only a small fraction (< 4%) of the anabolic ATP expenditure of the bacterium. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pjweimer@wisc.edu OI Heber, Willem/0000-0001-8195-353X NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7559 EP 7566 DI 10.1128/AEM.01632-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 114QS UT WOS:000242681300017 PM 17028224 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Breidt, F Kathariou, S AF Pan, Y. Breidt, F., Jr. Kathariou, S. TI Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms to sanitizing agents in a simulated food processing environment SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; GROWTH; SURFACES; INACTIVATION; STRAINS; ATTACHMENT; ADHESION; INDUSTRY; CELLS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes to sanitizing agents under laboratory conditions simulating a food processing environment. Biofilms were initially formed on stainless steel and Teflon coupons using a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes. The coupons were then subjected to repeated 24-h daily cycles. Each cycle consisted of three sequential steps: (i) a brief (60 s) exposure of the coupons to a sanitizing agent (a mixture of peroxides) or saline as a control treatment, (ii) storage of the coupons in sterile plastic tubes without any nutrients or water for 15 h, (iii) and incubation of the coupons in diluted growth medium for 8 h. This regimen was repeated daily for up to 3 weeks and was designed to represent stresses encountered by bacteria in a food processing environment. The bacteria on the coupons were reduced in number during the first week of the simulated food processing (SFP) regimen, but then adapted to the stressful conditions and increased in number. Biofilms repeatedly exposed the peroxide sanitizer in the SFP regimen developed resistance to the peroxide sanitizer as well as other sanitizers (quaternary ammonium compounds and chlorine). Interestingly, cells that were removed from the biofilms on peroxide-treated and control coupons were not significantly different in their resistance to sanitizing agents. These data suggest that the resistance of the treated biofihns to sanitizing agents may be due to attributes of extracellular polymeric substances and is not an intrinsic attribute of the cells in the biofilm. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7711 EP 7717 DI 10.1128/AEM.01065-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 114QS UT WOS:000242681300036 PM 17012587 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Gardner, DR Miller, CD Chen, D Anderson, AJ Weimer, BC Sims, RC AF Liang, Yanna Gardner, Dale R. Miller, Charles D. Chen, Dong Anderson, Anne J. Weimer, Bart C. Sims, Ronald C. TI Study of biochemical pathways and enzymes involved in pyrene degradation by Mycobacterium sp strain KMS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; DEGRADING MYCOBACTERIUM; VANBAALENII PYR-1; IDENTIFICATION; DIOXYGENASES; PROTEINS; CLONING; SOIL; PHENANTHRENE AB Pyrene degradation is known in bacteria. In this study, Mycobacterium sp. strain KMS was used to study the metabolites produced during, and enzymes involved in, pyrene degradation. Several key metabolites, including pyrene-4,5-dione, cis-4,5-pyrene-dihydrodiol, phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, and 4-phenanthroic acid, were identified during pyrene degradation. Pyrene-4,5-dione, which accumulates as an end product in some gram-negative bacterial cultures, was further utilized and degraded by Mycobacterium sp. strain KMS. Enzymes involved in pyrene degradation by Mycobacterium sp. strain KMS were studied, using 2-D gel electrophoresis. The first protein in the catabolic pathway, aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase, which oxidizes pyrene to cis-4,5-pyrene-dihydrodiol, was induced with the addition of pyrene and pyrene-4,5-dione to the cultures. The subcomponents of dioxygenase, including the alpha and beta subunits, 4Fe-4S ferredoxin, and the Rieske (2Fe-2S) region, were all induced. Other proteins responsible for further pyrene degradation, such as dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, oxidoreductase, and epoxide hydrolase, were also found to be significantly induced by the presence of pyrene and pyrene-4,5-dione. Several nonpathway-related proteins, including sterol-binding protein and cytochrome P450, were induced. A pyrene degradation pathway for Mycobacterium sp. strain KMS was proposed and confirmed by proteomic study by identifying almost all the enzymes required during the initial steps of pyrene degradation. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biosyst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Sims, RC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rcsims@cc.usu.edu RI Anderson, Anne/B-7313-2014 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7821 EP 7828 DI 10.1128/AEM.01274-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 114QS UT WOS:000242681300049 PM 17041157 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, AW Busse, MD Shestak, CJ AF Ratcliff, Alice W. Busse, Matt D. Shestak, Carol J. TI Changes in microbial community structure following herbicide (glyphosate) additions to forest soils SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil bacteria; soil fungi; phospholipid fatty acid; carbon utilization; BIOLOG ID FUNGAL BIOMASS; BACTERIAL; DEGRADATION; ADSORPTION; PATTERNS; RATIOS; NITRIFICATION; GRASSLANDS; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE AB Glyphosate applied at the recommended field rate to a clay loam and a sandy loam forest soil resulted in few changes in microbial community structure. Total and culturable bacteria, fungal hyphal length, bacterial: fungal biomass, carbon utilization profiles (BIOLOG), and bacterial and fungal phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were unaffected 1, 3, 7, or 30 days after application of a commercial formulation (Roundup((R))). In contrast, a high concentration of glyphosate (100 x field rate) simulating an undiluted chemical spill substantially altered the bacterial community in both soils. Increases in total bacteria, culturable bacteria, and bacterial: fungal biomass were rapid following application. Culturable bacteria increased from about 1% of the total population in untreated soil to as much as 25% at the high concentration by day 7, indicating enrichment of generalist bacteria. Community composition in both soils shifted from fungal dominance to an equal ratio of bacteria to fungi. Functional diversity of culturable bacteria, estimated by C substrate utilization, also increased at the high glyphosate concentration, particularly in the clay loam soil. Unlike the other bacterial indices, only minor changes in bacterial PLFA resulted after the third day following the 100x field rate application. Apparently the herbicide resulted in an across-the-board stimulation of bacteria that was not reflected by the finer-scale PLFA community structure. Changes in fungal properties (hyphae, propagules, PLFA biomarkers) were few and transient. We conclude that the commercial formulation of glyphosate has a benign affect on community structure when applied at the recommended field rate, and produces a non-specific, short-term stimulation of bacteria at a high concentration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mbusse@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 106 Z9 117 U1 7 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.03.002 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 092GI UT WOS:000241084600003 ER PT J AU Dumbauld, BR Booth, S Cheney, D Suhrbier, A Beltran, H AF Dumbauld, Brett R. Booth, Steven Cheney, Daniel Suhrbier, Andrew Beltran, Hector TI An integrated pest management program for burrowing shrimp control in oyster aquaculture SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID WILLAPA BAY; GHOST SHRIMP; CALLIANASSA-CALIFORNIENSIS; UPOGEBIA-PUGETTENSIS; PESTICIDE CARBARYL; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; WASHINGTON; ESTUARY; THALASSINIDEA AB Integrated pest management is widely applied in terrestrial agriculture, but less so in aquaculture. Parallels to insect control in agricultural fields were exploited in this application of integrated pest management principles to control burrowing shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis and Upogebia pugettensis in Pacific Northwest U.S.A. oyster aquaculture. The pesticide carbaryl has been applied to oyster aquaculture tracts to control burrowing shrimp in Washington state coastal estuaries for over 40 years. Infestations of these shrimp reduce the stability of the bottom substrate where oysters are raised and cause them to be covered with sediment and die. The use of carbaryl to control these shrimp continues to receive scrutiny despite substantial evidence that there are few if any long term environmental impacts, and the industry recently agreed to limit this practice and implement integrated pest management. The efficacy of the current control program was investigated and a monitoring plan which achieves level I goals of an integrated pest management program is described. While the pesticide was found to be 84-96% effective at removing shrimp from a given bed, new individuals can recruit back to these beds as post-larvae on an annual basis. Shrimp recruitment was low during the years of this study (1999-2002), and most monitored beds remained relatively shrimp free after treatment compared to previous records from the early 1990's when shrimp recruited more frequently and higher burrow densities were recorded on oyster beds. Some monitored beds were re-treated with pesticide during this study under the guidelines of the current pesticide application program (threshold of 10 shrimp burrows m(-2)). An attempt to experimentally define a true injury threshold as the basis of an economic action threshold for pesticide treatment, indicated that shrimp cause substantial oyster losses at levels exceeding 20 to 40 shrimp burrows m(-2). Further refinements seem unlikely given the perennial nature of this crop and a multitude of market and environmental variables affecting both crop and pest. Instead, we propose the use of an empirical decision tree in conjunction with a shrimp monitoring program to implement integrated pest management, regardless of whether the pesticide or alternative control measures are chosen as the final tool(s) for shrimp control. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Willapa Bay Grays Harbor Oystergrowers Assoc, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. Pacific Shellfish Inst, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Dumbauld, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM brett.dumbauld@oregonstate.edu NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 261 IS 3 BP 976 EP 992 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.08.030 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 111QO UT WOS:000242469100017 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, CJ Shea, MK Price, PA Gagnon, DR Wilson, PWF Larson, MG Kiel, DP Hoffmann, U Ferencik, M Clouse, ME Williamson, MK Cupples, LA Dawson-Hughes, B Booth, SL AF O'Donnell, Christopher J. Shea, M. Kyla Price, Paul A. Gagnon, David R. Wilson, Peter W. F. Larson, Martin G. Kiel, Douglas P. Hoffmann, Udo Ferencik, Maros Clouse, Melvin E. Williamson, Matthew K. Cupples, L. Adrienne Dawson-Hughes, Bess Booth, Sarah L. TI Matrix Gla protein is associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis but not with coronary artery calcification SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; coronary artery calcification; coronary risk factors; matrix Gla protein ID BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; HEART-DISEASE; REGULATING PROTEINS; QUANTIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; EXPRESSION; SERUM; RAT AB Objectives - Atherosclerotic coronary artery calcification (CAC) is associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an inhibitor of calcification in vivo. However, little is known regarding the distribution of circulating MGP and its associations with CHD risk factors or with CAC in humans. Methods and Results - Serum MGP concentrations were determined in 2 independent populations of men and women free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease: study A, n = 316, mean age 58 years, and study B, n = 452, mean age 68 years. CAC was determined by computed tomography. Mean MGP concentrations were 98.4 and 198 ng/mL in men, and 97.4 and 201 ng/mL in women, in study A and study B, respectively. In both cohorts, MGP levels were higher with increasing age. In age-adjusted analyses, there was an association of circulating MGP with increasing Framingham CHD risk score (in study A, P = 0.003 in men and P = 0.016 in women, respectively; in study B, a nonsignificant increase in men and P = 0.05 in women, respectively). Significant associations of circulating MGP with high-density lipoprotein and other individual CHD risk factors were also noted in both cohorts. There were no consistent associations between MGP and CAC after adjustment for CHD risk score in the 2 cohorts. Conclusions - MGP is associated with individual CHD risk factors and the Framingham CHD risk score in men and women free of clinically apparent CHD. The relation of MGP with CAC deserves further study in larger populations. C1 Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA USA. Hebrew SeniorLife, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Massachusetts Vet Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP O'Donnell, CJ (reprint author), Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave,Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM odonnellc@nhlbi.nih.gov OI Gagnon, David/0000-0002-6367-3179; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Larson, Martin/0000-0002-9631-1254; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58090, N01-HC-38038, R01 HL058090, HL69272, R01 HL069272, T32 HL069772]; NIA NIH HHS [AG14759, R01 AG019147, R01 AG019147-04, R01 AG019147-01, AG19147, R01 AG019147-03, R01 AG019147-02, R01 AG019147-05] NR 27 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2769 EP 2774 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000245793.83158.06 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 127DS UT WOS:000243566100029 PM 16973975 ER PT J AU Wilson, PWF Ben-Yehuda, O McNamara, J Massaro, J Witztum, J Reaven, PD AF Wilson, Peter W. F. Ben-Yehuda, Ori McNamara, Judy Massaro, Joseph Witztum, Joseph Reaven, Peter D. TI Autoantibodies to oxidized LDL and cardiovascular risk: The Framingham Offspring Study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE autoantibodies; atherosclerosis; oxidation; cardiovascular disease; epidemiology; risk factors ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HEART-DISEASE PREDICTION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; VASCULAR-DISEASE; DEFICIENT MICE; OXIDATION; CHOLESTEROL; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: The relation between measures of oxidation of lipid particles and cardiovascular disease has not been extensively investigated prospectively on a population basis. Methods: A community cohort of 1192 men and 1427 women with measures of IgG antibodies to oxidized LDL were followed 8 years for the development of initial coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Results: Levels of IgG autoantibodies to a form of oxidized LDL were significantly associated with age in both sexes, positively with fibrinogen in men and negatively with HDL cholesterol in women. In sex-specific models that adjusted for age alone or those that adjusted for age, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes mellitus, there was no relation between level of antibodies to oxidized LDL and the development of CHD or CVD. Conclusion: Autoantibodies to oxidized LDL were strongly related to age and were not related to incident CHD or CVD over 8 years of follow up. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Carl T Hayden VAMC, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. RP Wilson, PWF (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St,Suite 815,POB 250609, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM wilsonpw@musc.edu OI Massaro, Joseph/0000-0002-2682-4812 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 189 IS 2 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.12.013 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 109KD UT WOS:000242305800016 PM 16476434 ER PT J AU Wakamatsu, N King, DJ Seal, BS Peeters, BPH Brown, CC AF Wakamatsu, Nobuko King, Daniel J. Seal, Bruce S. Peeters, Ben P. H. Brown, Corrie C. TI The effect on pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus LaSota strain from a mutation of the fusion cleavage site to a virulent sequence SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxovirus 1; fusion protein cleavage site; immunohistochemistry; infectious clones; in situ hybridization; Newcastle disease; pathogenesis; reverse genetics ID DOMESTIC CHICKENS; EXOTIC BIRDS; PATHOGENICITY; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; DETERMINANT; PASSAGE AB The principal molecular determinant of virulence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the amino acid sequence at the fusion cleavage activation site. To extend the understanding of the role of the fusion cleavage activation site in NDV virulence, the pathogenesis in chickens of a lentogenic LaSota isolate and two infectious clones, NDFL and NDFLtag, were compared. NDFL is an infectious clone of a lentogenic NDV strain (LaSota E13-1), and NDFLtag is the infectious clone with the fusion cleavage site sequence mutated to the virulent motif. NDFL and NDFLtag were described by Peeters et al. The viruses were inoculated intraconjunctivally into groups of 4-wk-old white leghorn chickens and compared in a pathogenesis study for determination of disease causation (clinical signs of disease, gross lesions, histology, virus isolation, and serology) and viral distribution (presence of viral nucleoprotein and mRNA was detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively). The modification of the fusion cleavage activation site to the virulent motif in the infectious clone only slightly increased disease severity and viral distribution in the pathogenesis assessment, even though dramatically increased pathogenicity of NDFLtag was confirmed by standard pathogenicity index tests. The result, that the mutated fusion cleavage site of NDV-NDFLtag had only a small influence on pathogenesis in chickens compared to either E13-1 or NDFL, suggests that the pathogenic effects of NDV are not dependent on the fusion cleavage site alone. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Pultry Microbiol Saety Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Sci Grp, Div Infect Dis, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. RP King, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1637/7515-020706R.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 125RW UT WOS:000243461100002 PM 17274282 ER PT J AU Callison, SA Riblet, SM Sun, S Ikuta, N Hilt, D Leiting, V Kleven, SH Suarez, DL Garcia, M AF Callison, S. A. Riblet, S. M. Sun, S. Ikuta, N. Hilt, D. Leiting, V. Kleven, S. H. Suarez, D. L. Garcia, M. TI Development and validation of a real-time Taqman (R) polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in naturally infected birds SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; real-time PCR; lp gene; tracheal swabs; isolation ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; AVIAN MYCOPLASMOSIS; M-IOWAE; SYNOVIAE; PCR; TRANSMISSION; CHICKENS; STRAINS AB In this Study, we report the development and validation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using a Taqman (R)-labeled probe for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MGLP assay). The MGLP assay was highly specific with a detection limit of 25 template copies per reaction and a quantification limit of 100 template copies per reaction. Validation of the assay was completed with 1247 samples (Palatine cleft and tracheal swabs) from M. gallisepticum-positive and -negative chicken flocks. The MGLP assay was compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a conventional polymerase chain reaction assay (mgc2 PCR), and isolation of M gallisepticum from naturally infected flocks. A total of 805 samples collected from negative flocks, as verified by ELISA and/or mgc2 PCR, were negative by the MGLP assay. A total of 442 samples were collected from positive flocks, of which a total of 228 samples were positive by the MGLP assay. These results agreed for 98.87% of the samples when tested by mgc2 PCR. When comparing the MGLP assay with M gallisepticum isolation, the MGLP assay was more sensitive than isolation for detecting positive birds from a positive flock, 172/265 and 50/265, respectively. Overall, the MGLP assay and M gallisepticum isolation agreed for 52.8% of the samples tested. In conclusion, the MGLP assay was highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible, and allowed the quantification of template copies directly from clinical samples. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Pountry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Simbios Biotecnol, Canoas, RS, Brazil. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Garcia, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Pountry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1637/7639-050106R.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 125RW UT WOS:000243461100011 PM 17274291 ER PT J AU Lupiani, B Pandiri, AR Mays, J Hunt, HD Fadly, AM AF Lupiani, Blanca Pandiri, Arun R. Mays, Jody Hunt, Henry D. Fadly, Aly M. TI Molecular and biological characterization of a naturally occurring recombinant subgroup B avian leukosis virus with a subgroup J-like long terminal repeat SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian leukosis virus (ALV); lymphoid leukosis; myeloid leukosis; pathogenesis; recombinant ALV ID ROUS-SARCOMA-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; RNA VIRUSES; ENV GENE; ENVELOPE; HPRS-103; SEQUENCE; TRANSMISSION; MUTATION AB Infection of broiler chickens with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV) results in the induction of myeloid tumors. However, although egg-type chickens are susceptible to infection with ALV-J, the tumor incidence is very low, and on rare occasions the tumors observed are of the myeloid lineage. We recently described the isolation of an ALV (AF115-4) from commercial egg-type chickens suffering from myeloid leukosis. AF115-4 was initially identified as an ALV-J isolate based on PCR analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR). However, further characterization of the viral envelope indicated that the virus is recombinant with subgroups B envelope and J LTR. Here we further characterize this recombinant virus at both the molecular and biological levels. We show that the AF115-4 isolate expresses a recombinant envelope glycoprotein encoded by a subgroup B gp85 region and a subgroup E gp37 region. The host range of AF115-4 was analyzed using cells resistant to infection by subgroups A/B, J, or E; this shows that no ALV-J was present in the isolates obtained from the affected chickens. Additional antigenic characterization of AF115-4 using chicken sera specific for subgroups B or J indicated that no ALV-J was present in the samples examined. Inoculation of AF115-4 into ALV-susceptible 151(5) X 7(1) chickens resulted in the induction of lymphoid leukosis but not the expected myeloid leukosis affecting the commercial chickens. These results suggest that differences in the genetic makeup of the chickens from which AF115-4 was isolated and the line 151(5) X 7(1) used in the present experiments may be responsible for the observed differences in pathogenicity. In addition, the results suggest that ALV-J continues to evolve by recombination, generating new viruses with different pathological properties. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Lupiani, B (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 572 EP 578 DI 10.1637/7656-053006R.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 125RW UT WOS:000243461100016 PM 17274296 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC Miska, K Klopp, S AF Jenkins, M. C. Miska, K. Klopp, S. TI Improved polymerase chain reaction technique for determining the species composition of Eimeria in poultry litter SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian coccidiosis; polymerase chain reaction; detection; internal standards ID DOMESTIC-FOWL; CHICKEN EIMERIA; PCR ASSAY; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; COCCIDIOSIS; PARASITES; VACCINES AB An improved polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for determining the species composition of Eimeria in poultry litter was developed by incorporating species-specific internal standards in the assay. Internal standard molecules were prepared by fusing seven different Eimeria species-specific intervening transcribed sequence I (ITS I) rDNA primer pairs to a non-Eimeria DNA molecule and by cloning the hybrid DNA molecules into a plasmid. The internal DNA standards were then used in Eimeria-specific ITS1 PCR, and they were found to be capable of detecting E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. praecox, and E. tenella oocysts isolated directly from poultry litter. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Townsends Poultry, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 632 EP 635 DI 10.1637/7615-042106R.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 125RW UT WOS:000243461100026 PM 17274306 ER PT J AU Swaggerty, CL He, HQ Genovese, KJ Kaiser, P Pevzner, IY Kogut, MH AF Swaggerty, Christina L. He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. Kaiser, Pete Pevzner, Igal Y. Kogut, Michael H. TI The feathering gene is linked to degranulation and oxidative burst not cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression levels or Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion in broilers SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEUKOSIS VIRUS-INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBLE CHICKENS; ENDOGENOUS VIRUS-21; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; Z-CHROMOSOME; IN-VITRO; HETEROPHILS; RESISTANCE; INNATE; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB In the past, we showed differences in heterophil function between parental broilers (A [fast feathering] > B [slow feathering]) and their F1 reciprocal crosses (D [fast feathering] > C [slow feathering]). In the present study, we evaluated the linkage of the feathering gene to heterophil function, pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression levels, and resistance to Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion. Heterophils were isolated from 2-day-old chickens (C and D) separated into males and females-slow males and females (SM and SF), and fast males and females (FM and FF). Heterophil functions of degranulation and oxidative burst were measured. Heterophils from FF chickens (183 +/- 8.9) released more (P < 0.05) beta-d-glucuronidase (mu M) than heterophils from SF chickens (149 +/- 3.7); FF heterophils (4.6 x 10(4)) generated a significantly (P < 0.05) greater oxidative burst (mean relative fluorescent units) compared with SF heterophils (4.2 x 10 4). Interleukin-6, CXCLi2, and interferon-alpha mRNA expression levels were quantitated by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. No differences were observed between SM and FM or between SF and FF heterophils. Finally, 1-day-old chickens were administered S. enteritidis and liver/spleen organ invasion was quantitated. No differences were observed between the number of S. enteritidis-positive FF and SF chickens, but FM were significantly (P < 0.05) more resistant to S. enteritidis organ invasion than SM chickens. The data indicate degranulation and oxidative burst were linked with the feathering gene; however, interleukin-6, CXCLi2, and interferon-alpha mRNA expression levels were not. Furthermore, susceptibility to in vitro S. enteritidis organ invasion was not linked to the feathering gene. C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Swaggerty, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Swaggerty@ffsru.usda.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 465 EP U12 DI 10.1080/03079450601028829 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 108ZL UT WOS:000242277600007 PM 17121735 ER PT J AU Youn, HS Lee, JY Saitoh, SI Miyake, K Hwang, DH AF Youn, Hyung S. Lee, Joo Y. Saitoh, Shin I. Miyake, Kensuke Hwang, Daniel H. TI Auranofin, as an anti-rheumatic gold compound, suppresses LPS-induced homodimerization of TLR4 SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE auranofin; gold; toll-like receptor; LPS; dimerization; NF-kappa B; COX-2; MyD88; TRIF; IKK beta ID NF-KAPPA-B; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; INNATE IMMUNITY; INHIBITION; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGES; ANTAGONIST AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are activated by invading microorganisms or endogenous molecules, evoke immune and inflammatory responses. TLR activation is closely linked to the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. Auranofin, an Au(I) compound, is a well-known and long-used anti-rheumatic drug. However, the mechanism as to how auranofin relieves the symptom of rheumatoid arthritis has not been fully clarified. Our results demonstrated that auranofin suppressed TLR4-mediated activation of transcription factors, NF-kappa B and IRF3, and expression of COX-2, a pro-inflammatory enzyme. This suppression was well correlated with the inhibitory effect of auranofin on the homodimerization of TLR4 induced by an agonist. Furthermore, auranofin inhibited NF-kappa B activation induced by MyD88-dependent downstream signaling components of TLR4, MyD88, IKK beta, and p65. IRF3 activation induced by MyD88-independent signaling components, TRIF and TBK1, was also downregulated by auranofin. Our results first demonstrate that auranofin suppresses the multiple steps in TLR4 signaling, especially the homodimerization of TLR4. The results suggest that the suppression of TLR4 activity by auranofin may be the molecular mechanism through which auranofin exerts anti-rheumatic activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Div Infect Genet, Tokyo, Japan. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hyoun@suv.ac.kr; Dhwang@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613, R01 CA075613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK064007, R01 DK064007, DK41868, R01 DK064007-05] NR 32 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 4 BP 866 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.097 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 100TD UT WOS:000241690800009 PM 17034761 ER PT J AU Henderson, MPA Andrews, DW Hwang, YT Mullen, RT Dyer, JM AF Henderson, M. P. A. Andrews, D. W. Hwang, Y. T. Mullen, R. T. Dyer, J. M. TI The carboxyl terminus of cytochrome b(5) confers endoplasmic reticulum specificity by preventing spontaneous insertion into membranes SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY-BIOCHIMIE ET BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem & Biomed Sci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0829-8211 J9 BIOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Biochem. Cell Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1084 EP 1084 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 134FS UT WOS:000244069500086 ER PT J AU Spellman, B Brown, MW Mathews, CR AF Spellman, Blaine Brown, M. W. Mathews, Clarissa R. TI Effect of floral and extrafloral resources on predation of Aphis spiraecola by Harmonia axyridis on apple SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; Coccinellidae; companion plant; conservation biological control; peach; spirea aphid ID ENHANCE BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ARTHROPOD PESTS; UNITED-STATES; WEED STRIPS; COCCINELLIDAE; COLEOPTERA; NECTAR; ORCHARDS; HYMENOPTERA; MANAGEMENT AB Flowering companion plants and plants producing extra. oral nectar are being proposed to enhance biological control in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards. This experiment evaluated the impact of. oral and extra. oral resources on predation of spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola Patch) on apple by adult Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) under greenhouse conditions. Predation of spirea aphids was not affected by the presence of flowering buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) as compared with either buckwheat with flowers removed or an uninfested apple shoot. However, there was a significant reduction in predation of spirea aphids on an apple shoot in the presence of a peach shoot with extra. oral nectar glands compared with either a peach shoot of the same cultivar without nectar glands or an uninfested apple shoot. These findings demonstrate that alternative food resources potentially could interfere with rates of biological control and, therefore, need to be carefully evaluated before incorporating in an orchard design. More studies are needed to adequately gauge the net effects of adding floral or extra floral resources in orchards for conservation biological control. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Shepherd Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Shepherdstown, WV USA. Univ Alaska, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mbrown@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD DEC PY 2006 VL 51 IS 6 BP 715 EP 724 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-5252-4 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 101NJ UT WOS:000241747200002 ER PT J AU Kaltenborn, BP Bjerke, T Nyahongo, JW Williams, DR AF Kaltenborn, Bjorn P. Bjerke, Tore Nyahongo, Julius W. Williams, Daniel R. TI Animal preferences and acceptability of wildlife management actions around Serengeti National Park, Tanzania SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE animal preferences; flagship species; Serengeti; wildlife management ID ATTITUDES; CONSERVATION; ELEPHANTS; PEOPLE; RESERVE; COMMUNITIES; POPULATION; BEHAVIORS; CONFLICT; FORESTS AB Wildlife management policies are often based on expert perceptions of the ecological importance of certain species and poorly informed perceptions of how public attitudes toward management are formed. Little is known about why preferences vary greatly and how this affects support for management actions. This paper explores preferences for a range of wildlife species among a sample of the rural population adjacent to Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. We also examine the degree of acceptance for alternative management interventions when potentially dangerous animals pose different levels of problems to human beings, and the extent to which these attitudes are related to species preferences. Gender has a significant effect on species preferences. Men like most species better than women. Age has no significant effect, but level of education affects preference level for some species. Species preferences have a positive effect on support for management intervention when dangerous animals cause small or moderate problems to humans, i.e. there is a higher degree of acceptance of problems caused by animals that are well liked. In situations where human life is threatened, species preferences have no effect on preferred management actions. Appreciation of animals is a combination of functional, consumptive and cultural dimensions, and there is no simple link between species preferences and attitudes toward management actions. The local context and concrete experience with wildlife encounters is more important for shaping normative beliefs like attitudes towards management actions than global wildlife attitudes. C1 Norwegian Inst Nat Res Fakkelgarden, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway. Tanzania Wildlife Res Inst, Arusha, Tanzania. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kaltenborn, BP (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res Fakkelgarden, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway. EM bjorn.kaltenborn@nina.no RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 34 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 14 BP 4633 EP 4649 DI 10.1007/s10531-005-6196-9 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119FY UT WOS:000242999400017 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Carroll, C Dunk, JR AF Zielinski, William J. Carroll, Carlos Dunk, Jeffrey R. TI Using landscape suitability models to reconcile conservation planning for two key forest predators SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; landscape suitability; fisher; Martes pennanti; spotted owl; Strix occidentalis; habitat suitability; modeling ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT MODELS; MARTES-PENNANTI; RESERVE DESIGN; SELECTION; POPULATIONS; FISHERS; USA; PROBABILITIES AB Protection of area-limited species is an important component of plans to conserve biodiversity, but the habitat needs of such species can be different and important habitats may not align with existing reserves. We used empirically derived landscape suitability models for the spotted owl and the fisher to evaluate the overlap in habitat suitability for these two old forest-associated predators in an area of northern California affected by the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP), a bioregional conservation plan. The area includes designated Wilderness areas and new reserves (Late-Successional Reserves, LSRs) established under the NWFP. We used the site selection algorithm MARXAN to identify priority habitat areas for each species, and for both combined, and to compare these areas with reserves. Sites were selected under two constraints, to achieve a threshold proportion of total habitat value and to select new areas equal to the total current area in existing reserves. The rank correlation between predicted value for the two species was low (0.11), because areas of highest predicted habitat value were more widely distributed for the owl. This difference also meant that the sites selected to optimize habitat value were more aggregated for fishers than owls, resulting in greater overlap of owl habitat and current reserves. To capture 25%, 50% and 75% of total habitat value for the owl required 14.0%, 29.2%, and 47.3% of the planning units, respectively; capturing the same for the fisher required only 5.3%, 13.5%, and 27.2%. A combined owl-fisher scenario resulted in areas that overlapped only similar to 50% of existing reserves. The current location of LSRs may not be the best solution to maintaining well-connected habitats for these area-limited species in northwestern California. Whether LSRs are a better solution to protecting the diversity of other lesser-known taxa (i.e., salamanders and mollusks) is the subject of related work. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 133 IS 4 BP 409 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.003 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120NN UT WOS:000243091800002 ER PT J AU Li, JC Coudron, TA Pan, WL Liu, XX Lu, ZY Zhang, QW AF Li, Jiancheng Coudron, Thomas A. Pan, Wenliang Liu, Xiaoxia Lu, Ziyun Zhang, Qingwen TI Host age preference of Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), an endoparasitoid of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Microplitis mediator; Mythimna separata; parasitism; host age preference ID DEVELOPMENTAL STRATEGIES; LIFE-HISTORY; PARASITOIDS; ECOLOGY; FITNESS; INSTARS; WASPS AB Microplitis mediator (Haliday) is a solitary endoparasitoid of larvae of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and the oriental armyworm, Mythimna = Leucania separata (Walker). The preference and suitability of different instars of M. separata for M. mediator were determined under laboratory conditions at a constant temperature of 26 +/- 1 degrees C, 65 +/- 5% RH and L14:D10 photoperiod. The selection coefficient revealed that M. mediator parasitized 1st to 4th instars, but preferred 2nd and 3rd instars. Seventy-one percent of parasitism was achieved within 24 h when the 2nd instars were used as hosts at a density of one parasitoid per 20 Larvae. Parasitoid egression and pupation were dependent on the host instar parasitized and occurred from the 1st through the 4th instar. The mean developmental time from egg to prepupae of M. mediator within 1st to 4th instars of the host was 8.27, 8.30, 8.30 and 9.20 days, respectively. Cocoon weights were lower when 1st and 2nd instars served as hosts rather than 3rd and 4th instars. The percentage of host larva that died before parasitoid egression declined as the age of the host increased, ranging from 26% to 2% for 1st-5th instars, respectively. The results of this study suggest that 2nd and 3rd instars of M. separata would be the best host stages for mass production of M. mediator in the laboratory and the best host instars to target for effective control in field releases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Baoding 071000, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Li, JC (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM lijianch@heinfo.net; zhangqingwen@263.net NR 30 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.09.002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 108IC UT WOS:000242232500001 ER PT J AU Leland, JE McGuire, MR AF Leland, Jarrod E. McGuire, Michael R. TI Effects of different Beauveria bassiana isolates on field populations of Lygus lineolaris in pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Lygus lineolaris; Amaranthus; cotton; area wide management ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; MIRIDAE POPULATIONS; HOST PLANTS; HESPERUS HEMIPTERA; HETEROPTERA; ARKANSAS; INSECTICIDE; EXPRESSION; TOLERANCE AB The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is a pest of various fruit, vegetable, fiber, and seed crops; including cotton. Lygus spp. populations often build on alternate host plants before moving to cotton, and in the midsouthern U.S. wild host plants, such as pigweed (Amaranthus spp.), play a major role in L. lineolaris population development. Three isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) were evaluated for L. lineolaris control in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.): one from L. lineolaris in Mississippi (TPB3); one from Lygus hesperus (Knight) in California (WTPB2); and one commercial isolate from Mycotrol (R) (GHA). Fungal applications resulted in moderate to high mycosis in adults (33 to 80%) and moderate mycosis in nymphs (36 to 53%) that were collected from field plots at 2 days post-treatment and incubated under laboratory conditions. Although TPB3 was previously found to be more pathogenic in laboratory bioassays, there was not a consistent separation of this isolate from the other two isolates in field trials. Where differences in adult mycosis or mortality were observed, TPB3 was the most pathogenic. However, in one field trial 7 day mortality for nymphs treated with GHA was higher than those treated with TPB3 or WTPB2. Infection rates at 2, 7, and 14 days post-treatment from caged and non-caged adults suggested that movement of adults among plots occurred, which could have masked some treatment effects. Fungal treatments did not significantly reduce populations relative to controls. This may have been caused by delayed mortality rates under field conditions and/or difficulties with estimating population change under field conditions characteristic of wild host plant populations (e.g., heterogeneous populations, adult movement, and small plot size). Further work evaluating time-dose-mortality over dynamic temperatures, spring and fall field trials on this and other wild hosts, and improved methods for estimating populations on wild hosts are needed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Leland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jleland@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 272 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 108IC UT WOS:000242232500003 ER PT J AU Chong, JH Oetting, RD AF Chong, Juang-Horng Oetting, Ronald D. TI Functional response and progeny production of the Madeira mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus sp nov nr. sinope: The effects of host and parasitoid densities SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anagyrus; Phenacoccus madeirensis; functional response; numerical response; sex ratio; biological control; mutual interference; local mate competition ID LOCAL MATE COMPETITION; SEX ALLOCATION; MUTUAL INTERFERENCE; INSECT PARASITOIDS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HYMENOPTERA; RATIO; SUPERPARASITISM; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; TRICHOGRAMMA AB Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes & Menezes is a gregarious koinobiont parasitoid of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green. In this study, we explored the influence of host and parasitoid densities on the functional response and progeny production of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope. In the first experiment, which was designed to detect the occurrence of mutual interference among foraging parasitoids, we exposed a constant number of mealybugs (N = 60) to varying numbers of parasitoids (P = 1, 2, 4, 8, and 20). Mutual interference among 20 parasitoids reduced the number of mealybugs parasitized and the number of progeny produced per parasitoid by 9 and 7 times, respectively, compared to 1 parasitoid. The interference constant (m) ( SE) was estimated at 0.62 +/- 0.03. The presence of conspecifics increased the proportion of males in the offspring population. In the second set of experiments, the parasitoids were released alone or in groups of 2 or 4 into patches containing one of six parasitoid/mealybug ratios (1:2, 1:55 1: 10, 1:20, 1:40, and 1:60). Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope exhibited a type II functional response. The estimated maximum number of mealybugs parasitized (i.e., the asymptote of functional response) over a 24-h period was reduced from 10.4 +/- 0.6 when foraging alone to 8.1 +/- 0.4 and 5.1 +/- 0.2 when in groups of 2 and 4, respectively. The number of progeny reflected the effects of the parasitoid and host densities on the parasitism rate. The highest number of progeny was produced by the parasitoids foraging alone in patches containing the highest parasitoid/host ratio (1:60). The results of this study suggest that both the host and parasitoid densities have significant impact on the functional response and progeny production of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Chong, JH (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM jhchong@ifas.ufl.edu NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 320 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.013 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 108IC UT WOS:000242232500008 ER PT J AU Olson, DM Andow, DA AF Olson, D. M. Andow, D. A. TI Walking pattern of Trichogramma nubilale Ertle & Davis (Hymenoptera; Trichogrammatidae) on various surfaces SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Trichogramma nubilale; trichomes; Zea mays; Canna x generalis; Silphium perfoliatum; Abutilon theophrasti; Schizachyruim scoparium ID PLANT STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; SEARCHING EFFICIENCY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ENCARSIA-FORMOSA; INHERITANCE; ALEYRODIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; APHELINIDAE; GREENHOUSE AB The leaf surfaces on which mass-reared Trichogramma spp. are released for augmentative biological control may be an important factor effecting the success of these releases. We observed and recorded the walking pattern of Trichogramma nubilale females on leaves of Zea mays, Canna x generalis (Canna lilly), Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant), Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf), Schizachyruim scoparium (little bluestem), a smooth and a fuzzy polyester material, and waxed paper. For each surface type, a total of 10 mated, 1-2 days old, naive and fed females were observed and their walking path was traced. Females walked fastest on waxed paper and leaves of S scoparium and slowest on leaves of A. theophrasti and the fuzzy material. Turning rates were high on Canna x generalis and waxed paper. In general, walking speed was negatively affected by the presence and density of trichomes and possibly the lack of leaf veins. The effect of surface structures, such as trichomes is likely to scale to the body size of the searching parasitoid. Parasitoids can walk over short trichomes, but short directionally pointed trichomes (as on S. scoparium) can guide the search paths in certain directions. The effects of long trichomes may depend on trichome density relative to the parasitoid body length. When trichome density is on the same order of magnitude as 1/L-2 (Z. mays), wasps will stand between trichomes, and will frequently run into trichomes, which will retard walking speeds and increase turning. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Olson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, CPMRU, POB 748,2747 Davis Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dolson@tifton.usda.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.018 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 108IC UT WOS:000242232500009 ER PT J AU Center, TD Pratt, PD Tipping, PW Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Wineriter, SA Dray, FA Purcell, M AF Center, Ted D. Pratt, Paul D. Tipping, Philip W. Rayamajhi, Min B. Van, Thai K. Wineriter, Susan A. Dray, F. Allen, Jr. Purcell, Matthew TI Field colonization, population growth, and dispersal of Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore, a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; establishment; plant damage; integrated weed management; paperbark tree; Florida everglades; classical biological control; weed control; release strategies ID SOUTH FLORIDA; HOST-RANGE; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; PSYLLIDAE; ECOPHYSIOLOGY; HEMIPTERA; MYRTACEAE; HOMOPTERA; SEEDLINGS; HERBIVORY AB Invasion of native plant communities by the Australian paperbark tree ("melaleuca"), Melaleuca quinquenervia, complicates restoration of the Florida Everglades. Biological control, within the context of a comprehensive management program, offers a means to suppress regeneration of melaleuca after removal of existing trees and a mechanism to forestall reinvasion. To meet this need, a biological control program commenced in 1997 upon the release of an Australian weevil (Oxyops vitiosa [Pascoe] [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]). Release of a second biological control agent, the melaleuca psyllid (Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore), followed in February 2002 at field sites containing mixed age-class melaleuca stands or coppicing stumps. Each site was inoculated with 7000-10,000 adult psyllids, with one exception where 2000 nymphs were released on seedlings the following December. Psyllid populations established everywhere irrespective of colony source, site conditions, or the quantity released, although numbers released and, to a lesser degree, colony age influenced the numbers of colonies produced. Quantity included in the release was the major determinant of the resultant number of colonies, although the duration of their tenure in quarantine culture may have also influenced this. One site, comprised mainly of coppicing stumps, contained 3.3 million psyllids per ha within 3 months after release. Less than 1% of the coppices at a similar site harbored psyllid colonies 2 months after release (May 2002), but this rose to 75% in October then to 100% by December. The census population exceeded 715,000 adults and nearly 11 million nymphs by late January 2003. Psyllid populations dispersed 2.2-10.0 km/year, with the slower rates in dense, continuous melaleuca stands and faster rates in fragmented stands. Over I million psyllids had been redistributed to 100 locations as of December 2005. This species now occurs throughout much of the range of melaleuca in south Florida due to natural range expansion as well as anthropogenic dissemination. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Australian Biol Control Lab, USDA ARS, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. CSIRO, Div Entomol, Long Pocket Labs, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. RP Center, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM tcenter@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.009 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 108IC UT WOS:000242232500013 ER PT J AU Demers, AM Berner, DK Backman, PA AF Demers, A. M. Berner, D. K. Backman, P. A. TI Enhancing incidence of Puccinia punctiformis, through mowing, to improve management of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE rust; Puccina punctiformis; Canada thistle; Cirsium arvense; creeping thistle ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; L SCOP; TELIOSPORES; INFECTION; REPRODUCTION; GERMINATION; HERBICIDES; DENSITY; GROWTH AB Biological control of Canada thistle using Puccinia punctiformis has been largely unsuccessful in part due to a low incidence of systemically infected shoots and heterogeneous distribution of teliospores in the soil. The present study investigated the feasibility of strategic mowing to improve incidence of systemically infected shoots, and enhance intra- and/or inter-season disease development in two unused pastures. Mid-season mowing of plots in July lead to a greater proportion of systemically infected shoots in experimental plots observed at seasons' end compared to unmowed plots. Late-season mowing in September resulted in the highest levels of systemically infected shoots early the next summer. Over time, September mowing treatments significantly increased the proportion of systemically infected shoots compared to no mowing. The number of healthy shoots declined over time in mowed plots, whereas the number of healthy shoots in unmowed plots either increased or remained constant. These effects were observed in experimental plots in both pastures. It is proposed that mowing followed by regrowth of systemically infected shoots may help overcome the monocyclic nature of the pathogen and enhance severity of this disease. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Backman, PA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pbackman@psu.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.06.014 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 108IC UT WOS:000242232500027 ER PT J AU Schisler, DA Khan, NI Boehm, MJ Lipps, PE Slininger, PJ Zhang, S AF Schisler, D. A. Khan, N. I. Boehm, M. J. Lipps, P. E. Slininger, P. J. Zhang, S. TI Selection and evaluation of the potential of choline-metabolizing microbial strains to reduce Fusarium head blight SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Fusarium graminearum; wheat scab; Erwinia; Pantoea; Aureobasidium; Arthrobacter ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; REEMERGING DISEASE; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; FIELD-EVALUATION; WHEAT FIELDS; DRY ROT; GRAMINEARUM; GROWTH AB Choline and betaine are found in wheat flower tissues and have been implicated in stimulating hyphal growth of the primary causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), Gibberella zeae. Choline metabolizing strains (CMS) from wheat anthers may therefore be a useful source of antagonists of G. zeae. One-hundred twenty-three of 738 microbial strains that were recovered from wheat anthers collected from plants grown in Illinois and Ohio were CMS as determined by growth in a liquid medium containing choline as a sole carbon and nitrogen source and a colorimetric, choline oxidase-based assay of culture filtrate. Thirty-one out of 123 CMS reduced FHB disease severity by at least 25% in greenhouse tests on wheat and 17 reduced FHB severity by at least 50%. All five CMS selected for field testing in 2003 reduced disease severity compared to the untreated check at both field locations on moderately resistant cultivar Freedom. Freedom wheat treated with Pseudomonas sp. AS 64.4 had 63% and 46% less FHB severity than untreated wheat at the two sites. Three of five CMS reduced severity at both locations on susceptible cultivar Pioneer Brand 2545. Disease control was comparable to that obtained using the fungicide Folicur 3.6F. Selection of wheat anther colonists for ability to utilize choline as a sole carbon and nitrogen source has utility as a screening tool in the search for efficacious antagonists of G. zeae although choline utilization does not insure that an isolate will be an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium head blight. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL USA. BRDC, Peoria, IL USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL USA. EM schislda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 55 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.007 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 108IC UT WOS:000242232500029 ER PT J AU Balciunas, J Smith, L AF Balciunas, Joe Smith, Lincoln TI Prerelease efficacy assessment, in quarantine, of a tephritid gall fly being considered as a biological control agent for Cape-ivy (Delairea odorata) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE nontarget impacts; nutrient reallocation; Parafreutreta regalis; risk assessment; PREA; prerelease impact assessment; weed biological control ID SPOTTED KNAPWEED; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; POTENTIAL IMPACT; WEED; RISK; POPULATIONS; ERIOPHYIDAE; HANTAVIRUS; MACULOSA AB Due to the long-standing emphasis on only releasing host-specific agents, classical biological control of weeds has an enviable track record of few direct impacts to nontargets. However, even an agent whose host-range is restricted solely to the target weed can have indirect impacts. Such indirect impacts are most likely if, after release, the populations of the agent build up to high numbers without causing accompanying declines in the populations of the target weed. Therefore, it is advisable, prior to release, to demonstrate that the candidate agent is not only host-specific, but that it has clear potential to depress populations of the target weed. Prerelease efficacy assessments (PREA) of potential weed biocontrol agents are not yet common, and are most easily done in the region where both the target and the potential agent are native. We present an example of a PREA performed under strict containment conditions of an approved quarantine facility. A gall-forming fly, Parafreutreta regalis, from South Africa is being considered for release in California to control Cape-ivy, Delairea odorata. We conducted two trials exposing test Cape-ivy plants to two different densities of this fly, and, after approximately two months, comparing the growth of the galled vines to similar vines that had not been exposed to flies. Under both the high density (10 pairs of flies/plant) and low density (2 pairs/plant) treatments, the galled vines exhibited visible stunting, and the ungalled stems were longer, and had more nodes and larger leaves. These trials confirmed that relatively subtle, sublethal impacts on the target can be quantified, even under strict containment conditions, and this should encourage others to assess, prior to release, the potential impact of prospective agents on their proposed target. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Balciunas, J (reprint author), Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM joe@pw.usda.gov NR 49 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.019 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 108IC UT WOS:000242232500031 ER PT J AU Nichols, KA Wright, SF AF Nichols, K. A. Wright, S. F. TI Carbon and nitrogen in operationally defined soil organic matter pools SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE glomalin; humic acid; particulate organic matter; soil carbon ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AGGREGATE STABILITY; GLOMALIN; EXTRACTION; FRACTIONS; PROTEIN; HYPHAE AB Humic substances [humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and insoluble humin], particulate organic matter (POM), and glomalin comprise the majority (ca 75%) of operationally defined extractable soil organic matter (SOM). The purpose of this work was to compare amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in HA, FA, POM, and glomalin pools in six undisturbed soils. POM, glomalin, HA, and FA in POM, and glomalin, HA, and FA in POM-free soil were extracted in the following sequence: (1) POM fraction separation from the soil, (2) glomalin extraction from the POM fraction and POM-free soil, and (3) coextraction of HA and FA from the POM fraction and POM-free soil. Only trace amounts of HA and FA were present in the POM fraction, while POM-associated glomalin (POM-glomalin) and POM alone contributed 2 and 12%, respectively, of the total C in the soil. Mean combined weights for chemically extracted pools from POM and from POM-free soil were 9.92 g glomalin, 1.12 g HA, and 0.88 g FA kg(-1) soil. Total protein and C, N, and H concentrations showed that glomalin and HA were, for the most part, separate pools, although protein was detected in HA extracts. Even though percentage carbon was higher in HA than in glomalin, glomalin was a larger (almost nine times) operationally defined pool of soil organic C. Glomalin was also the largest pool of soil N of all the pools isolated, but all pools combined only contained 31% of the total N in the soil. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nichols, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459,1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM nicholsk@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s00374-006-0097-2 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 110DR UT WOS:000242359000010 ER PT J AU Scott, DA Dean, TJ AF Scott, D. Andrew Dean, Thomas J. TI Energy trade-offs between intensive biomass utilization, site productivity loss, and ameliorative treatments in loblolly pine plantations SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Workshop of IEA Bioenergy Task 31on Sustainable Production Systems for Bioenergy - Forest Energy in Practice CY SEP, 2004 CL Garpenberg, SWEDEN DE bioenergy; whole-tree harvesting; energy efficiency; fertilization; long-term soil productivity ID FORESTS AB Loblolly pine plantations are the most important source of forest products in the US and the slash remaining after conventional harvest represents a significant potential source of bioenergy. However, slash removal in intensive harvests might, under some circumstances, reduce site productivity by reducing soil organic matter and associated nutrients. Two complimentary studies in the Gulf Coastal Plain of the southeastern US were designed to test whether harvest intensity (level of biomass removal) could have a negative long-term impact on site productivity. Harvesting tree crowns in addition to the merchantable bole had a negative impact (18%) on pine biomass accumulation by age 7-10 years on 15 of 19 research blocks. Sites at risk of harvest-induced reductions in productivity were relatively unproductive prior to harvest and had low soil phosphorus (P) concentrations. Intensive harvesting, fertilization, and chemical control of non-crop vegetation were all energy efficient; the additional biomass energy gained through these practices was two-orders of magnitude greater than the energy needed to conduct the activities. Harvest of slash for bioenergy in the Gulf Coastal Plain of the southeastern US has the potential to reduce productivity on infertile soils, but fertilization has the potential to restore and even improve productivity on those sites in an energy-efficient way. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Scott, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM andyscott@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1001 EP 1010 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.12.014 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 111NH UT WOS:000242458700002 ER PT J AU Carter, EA Rummer, RB Stokes, BJ AF Carter, Emily A. Rummer, Robert B. Stokes, Bryce J. TI Evaluation of site impacts associated with three silvicultural prescriptions in an upland hardwood stand in northern Alabama, USA SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Workshop of IEA Bioenergy Task 31on Sustainable Production Systems for Bioenergy - Forest Energy in Practice CY SEP, 2004 CL Garpenberg, SWEDEN DE soil compaction; bulk density; soil strength; hardwood; Alabama; clear-cut; cone index ID AFRICAN FORESTRY SOILS; COMPACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; PINE AB Soil disturbance patterns and associated changes in soil physical status were measured in a study that evaluated the implementation of three alternative management prescriptions in an upland hardwood stand in northern Alabama, USA. Management prescriptions applied in this study consisted of a clear-cut, strip cut, and deferment cut that were compared to a non-harvested control. Final tabulations of disturbance types indicated disturbance to be similar in clear-cut and deferment cut treatments with less disturbance in strip cut sites. Soil physical response varied by soil property but, in general, as disturbance intensity increased, soil physical properties responded accordingly. Bulk densities were elevated to the highest degree in the clear-cut sites while soil strength as indicated by cone index measurements attained its highest levels in the deferment cut. These differences were thought to be due to differences in trafficking patterns related to the implementation of each management prescription. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, Vegetat Management & Protect Res, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Carter, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM eacarter@fs.fed.us; rrummer@fs.fed.us; bstokes@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1025 EP 1034 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.12.018 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 111NH UT WOS:000242458700005 ER PT J AU Wilson, K Yang, H Seo, CW Marshall, WE AF Wilson, Kermit Yang, Hong Seo, Chung W. Marshall, Wayne E. TI Select metal adsorption by activated carbon made from peanut shells SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; peanut shells; metals; adsorption; pyrolysis ID INDUSTRY WASTE-WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HULL CARBON; REMOVAL AB Agricultural by-products, such as peanut shells, contribute large quantities of lignocellulosic waste to the environment each growing season; but few, if any, value-added uses exist for their disposal. The objective of this study was to convert peanut shells to activated carbons for use in adsorption of select metal ions, namely, cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+), lead (Pb2+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+). Milled peanut shells were pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen gas, and then activated with steam at different activation times. Following pyrolysis and activation, the carbons underwent air oxidation. The prepared carbons were evaluated either for adsorption efficiency or adsorption capacity; and these parameters were compared to the same parameters obtained from three commercial carbons, namely, DARCO 12 x 20, NORIT C GRAN and MINOTAUR. One of the peanut shell-based carbons had metal ion adsorption efficiencies greater than two of the three commercial carbons but somewhat less than but close to Minotaur. This study demonstrates that peanut shells can serve as a source for activated carbons with metal ion-removing potential and may serve as a replacement for coal-based commercial carbons in applications that warrant their use. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Food & Nutr Program, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Seo, CW (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Food & Nutr Program, 1601 E Mkt St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM seoc@ncat.edu NR 14 TC 119 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 97 IS 18 BP 2266 EP 2270 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.043 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 086YM UT WOS:000240709200004 PM 16364633 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL Min, SH Han, JS AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. Min, Soo-Hong Han, James S. TI Phosphate removal by refined aspen wood fiber treated with carboxymethyl cellulose and ferrous chloride SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aspen wood; carboxymethyl cellulose; filtration; iron; phosphate; stormwater ID WASTE-WATER; METAL-IONS; POLYMERIC HYDROGELS; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BARK; AQUACULTURE; ADSORPTION; ISOTHERM; SAWDUST AB Biomass-based filtration media are of interest as an economical means to remove pollutants and nutrients found in stormwater runoff. Refined aspen wood fiber samples treated with iron salt solutions demonstrated limited capacities to remove (ortho)phosphate from test solutions. To provide additional sites for iron complex formation, and thereby impart a greater capacity for phosphate removal, a fiber pretreatment with an aqueous solution of a non-toxic anionic polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was evaluated. Problems with excessive viscosities during the screening of commercially available CMC products led to the selection of an ultra low viscosity CMC product that was still usable at a 4% concentration in water. Soxhlet extractions of chipped aspen wood and refined aspen wood fiber samples showed a higher extractives content for the refined material. Analysis of these extracts by FTIR spectroscopy suggested that the higher extractives content for the refined material resulted from the fragmentation of cell wall polymers (e.g., lignin, hemicelluloses) normally insoluble in their native states. Spectroscopic analysis of CMC and ferrous chloride treated fibers showed that the complex formed was sufficiently stable to resist removal during subsequent water washes. Equilibrium sorption data, which fit better with a Freundlich isotherm model than a Langmuir isotherm model, showed that phosphate removal could be enhanced by the CMC pretreatment. Results suggest that the process outlined may provide a facile means to improve the phosphate removal capacity of biomass-based stormwater filtration media. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EnFiberTech LLC, Ashburn, VA 20148 USA. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 97 IS 18 BP 2371 EP 2376 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.040 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 086YM UT WOS:000240709200019 PM 16361096 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Carstens, GE Miller, RK Callaway, TR Schultz, CL Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, R. C. Carstens, G. E. Miller, R. K. Callaway, T. R. Schultz, C. L. Edrington, T. S. Harvey, R. B. Nisbet, D. J. TI Effect of oral nitroethane and 2-nitropropanol administration on methane-producing activity and volatile fatty acid production in the ovine rumen SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methanogenesis; nitroethane; 2-nitropropanol; rumen ID RUMINAL METHANOGENESIS; IN-VITRO; METABOLIZING BACTERIUM; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SHEEP; FERMENTATION; MICROORGANISMS; NITROCOMPOUNDS; INHIBITORS; REDUCTION AB Strategies are sought to reduce economic and environmental costs associated with ruminant methane emissions. The effect of oral nitroethane or 2-nitropropanol administration on ruminal methane-producing activity and volatile fatty acid production was evaluated in mature ewes. Daily administration of 24 and 72 mg nitroethane/kg body weight reduced (P < 0.05) methane-producing activity by as much as 45% and 69% respectively, when compared to control animals given no nitroethane. A daily dose of 120 mg 2-nitropropanol/kg body weight was needed to reduce (P < 0.05) methane-producing activity by 37% from that of untreated control animals. Reductions in methane-producing activity may have been diminished by the last day (day 5) of treatment, presumably due to ruminal adaptation. Oral administration of nitroethane or 2-nitropropanol had little or no effect on accumulations or molar proportions of volatile fatty acids in ruminal contents collected from the sheep. These results demonstrate that nitroethane was superior to 2-nitropropanol as a methane inhibitor and that both nitrocompounds reduced ruminal methanogenesis in vivo without redirecting the flow of reductant generated during fermentation to propionate and butyrate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77854 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2281 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 97 IS 18 BP 2421 EP 2426 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.013 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 086YM UT WOS:000240709200026 PM 16303299 ER PT J AU Yoshida, K Kim, WS Kinehara, M Muka, R Ashida, H Ikeda, H Fujita, Y Krishnan, HB AF Yoshida, Ken-ichi Kim, Won-Seok Kinehara, Masaki Mukai, Rie Ashida, Hitoshi Ikeda, Hideki Fujita, Yasutaro Krishnan, Hari B. TI Identification of a functional 2-keto-myo-inositol dehydratase gene of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191 required for myo-inositol utilization SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sinorhizobium fredii; myo-inositol; nodulation ID MYO-INOSITOL DEGRADATION; LEGUMINOSARUM BV VICIAE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; AEROBACTER-AEROGENES; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; 2-DEOXY-5-KETO-D-GLUCONIC ACID; CATABOLIC GENES; PATHWAY; DEHYDROGENASE; RHIZOPINE AB Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191 is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of forming nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean roots. The USDA191 idhA gene encoding myo-inositol dehydrogenase, an enzyme necessary for myo-inositol utilization, is known to be involved in competitive nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In Bacillus subtilis, myo-inositol dehydrogenase catalyzes the first step of the myo-inositol catabolic pathway. Recently WE was identified as the gene encoding 2-keto-myo-inositol dehydratase, which catalyzes the second step in the pathway. Here we report the presence of 2-keto-myo-inositol dehydratase activity in free-living USDA191 cells cultured in a medium containing myo-inositol. An WE ortholog was cloned from USDA191. USDA191 WE was expressed in Escherichia coli as a His(6)-tag fusion and purified to exhibit 2-keto-myo-inositol dehydratase activity. Inactivation of USDA191 WE led to defective myo-inositol utilization. USDA191 iolE partially complemented a B. subtilis WE deficient mutant. These results suggest that S. fredii USDA191 utilizes a myoinositol catabolic pathway, analogous to that of B. subtilis, involving at least idhA and WE. C1 Kobe Univ, Dept Biofunct Chem, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Fukuyama Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 7290292, Japan. RP Yoshida, K (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Dept Biofunct Chem, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM kenyoshi@kobe-u.ac.jp RI Yoshida, Ken-ichi/R-8863-2016 OI Yoshida, Ken-ichi/0000-0002-3383-4664 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 12 BP 2957 EP 2964 DI 10.1271/bbb.60362 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 122IL UT WOS:000243219300019 PM 17151471 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Chao, K Chen, YR Kim, MS Chan, DE AF Yang, C. -C. Chao, K. Chen, Y. -R. Kim, M. S. Chan, D. E. TI Development of fuzzy logic based differentiation algorithm and fast line-scan imaging system for chicken inspection SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID POULTRY CARCASSES; IDENTIFICATION; REFLECTANCE AB A fuzzy logic-based algorithm was developed for a hyperspectral line-scan imaging system for differentiation of wholesome and systemically diseased fresh chickens. The hyperspectral imaging system consisted of an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) camera and an imaging spectrograph. The imaging system acquired line-scan images of chicken carcasses as they passed through the pixel-wide vertical linear field of view. The chickens were hung on a closed-loop laboratory processing line moving at a speed of 70 birds per minute. The use of light-emitting-diode (LED) line lights was selected following comparative evaluation of LED and quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) line lights. From analysis of wholesome and systemically diseased chicken spectra, four key wavelengths for differentiating between wholesome and systemically diseased chickens were selected: 413, 472, 515, and 546 nm; a reference wavelength at 626 nm was also selected. The ratio of relative reflectance between each key wavelength and the reference wavelength was calculated for use as input image features. A fuzzy logic-based algorithm utilising the image features was developed to identify individual pixels on the chicken surface exhibiting symptoms of systemic disease. Two differentiation methods utilising the fuzzy logic-based algorithm were tested using two separate image sets, the first containing 65 wholesome and 74 systemically diseased chickens, and the second containing 48 wholesome and 42 systemically diseased chickens. The first method achieved 100% accuracy in identifying chickens in both image sets. The second method achieved 96% and 100% accuracy in identifying chickens in the first and second image sets, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 95 IS 4 BP 483 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.08.009 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 121GJ UT WOS:000243145800002 ER PT J AU Wiedmann, RT Nonneman, DJ Keele, JW AF Wiedmann, Ralph T. Nonneman, Dan J. Keele, John W. TI Novel porcine repetitive elements SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO IDENTIFICATION; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; LARGE GENOMES; FAMILIES; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCES; SINES AB Background: Repetitive elements comprise similar to 45% of mammalian genomes and are increasingly known to impact genomic function by contributing to the genomic architecture, by direct regulation of gene expression and by affecting genomic size, diversity and evolution. The ubiquity and increasingly understood importance of repetitive elements contribute to the need to identify and annotate them. We set out to identify previously uncharacterized repetitive DNA in the porcine genome. Once found, we characterized the prevalence of these repeats in other mammals. Results: We discovered 27 repetitive elements in 220 BACs covering 1% of the porcine genome ( Comparative Vertebrate Sequencing Initiative; CVSI). These repeats varied in length from 55 to 1059 nucleotides. To estimate copy numbers, we went to an independent source of data, the BAC-end sequences ( Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute), covering approximately 15% of the porcine genome. Copy numbers in BAC-ends were less than one hundred for 6 repeat elements, between 100 and 1000 for 16 and between 1,000 and 10,000 for 5. Several of the repeat elements were found in the bovine genome and we have identified two with orthologous sites, indicating that these elements were present in their common ancestor. None of the repeat elements were found in primate, rodent or dog genomes. We were unable to identify any of the replication machinery common to active transposable elements in these newly identified repeats. Conclusion: The presence of both orthologous and non-orthologous sites indicates that some sites existed prior to speciation and some were generated later. The identification of low to moderate copy number repetitive DNA that is specific to artiodactyls will be critical in the assembly of livestock genomes and studies of comparative genomics. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Wiedmann, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM wiedmann@email.marc.usda.gov; nonneman@email.marc.usda.gov; keele@email.marc.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 304 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-304 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 118YC UT WOS:000242978400001 PM 17140439 ER PT J AU Vollrath, TL Hallahan, CB Gehlhar, MJ AF Vollrath, Thomas L. Hallahan, Charles B. Gehlhar, Mark J. TI Consumer demand and cost factors shape the global trade network in commodity and manufactured foods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-RATE UNCERTAINTY; NATIONAL BORDERS MATTER; GRAVITY-MODEL ANALYSIS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; AGRICULTURAL TRADE; LINDER HYPOTHESIS; TRANSPORT COSTS; BILATERAL TRADE; EQUATION; EXPORTS AB Multiple forces operate throughout the global economy and influence the direction, composition, and volume of agri-food trade. The fundamental determinants that impede and foster bilateral trade in two food types, namely staple commodities and manufactured products, are identified using generalized gravity equations. Empirical evidence verified the importance of relative resource endowments and similarities in the structure of partner demand. Other socio-geo-political factors were also found to influence food trade, including the ability of governments to control corruption and curtail disequilibrium in financial markets. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Vollrath, TL (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM THOMASV@ers.usda.gov; HALLAHAN@crs.usda.gov; MGEHLHAR@ers.usda.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-3976 EI 1744-7976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 497 EP 511 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2006.00063.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 100MI UT WOS:000241672800005 ER PT J AU Carter, C Krissoff, B Zwane, AP AF Carter, Colin Krissoff, Barry Zwane, Alix Peterson TI Can country-of-origin labeling succeed as a marketing tool for produce? Lessons from three case studies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION; TRADE; MODEL; BRAND AB This paper draws on the theory of product differentiation in a trade context and uses three case studies to highlight the conditions necessary for a successful geographical-origin branding strategy for farm produce in the United States. In so doing, the U.S. country-of-origin labeling (COOL) scheme as a branding strategy for produce is assessed. The paper argues that the use of geographic identifiers to achieve product differentiation is viable, but any claim that such differentiation will prove useful at the country level for farm produce seems likely to be misplaced. In order to raise prices, a key complement to branding is some restriction on the volume of product going out under the brand name. These restrictions may be accomplished by supply controls, quality controls, or entry barriers, but will not be available to all U.S. products currently hoping to gain from mandatory COOL. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carter, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cacarter@ucdavis.edu; barryk@ers.usda.gov; zwane@are.berkeley.edu NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 513 EP 530 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2006.00064.x PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 100MI UT WOS:000241672800006 ER PT J AU Lowerison, MW Miller, SP Wilton, JW Kemp, RA Williams, CB AF Lowerison, M. W. Miller, S. P. Wilton, J. W. Kemp, R. A. Williams, C. B. TI Comparing predictions of feed intake in performance tested beef bulls, for use in determining residual feed intake. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Guelph, Ctr Genet Improvement Livestock, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RAK Genet Consulting, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 86 IS 4 BP 578 EP 578 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 152UJ UT WOS:000245387200024 ER PT J AU Ledig, FT Hodgskiss, PD Johnson, DR AF Ledig, F. Thomas Hodgskiss, Paul D. Johnson, David R. TI The structure of genetic diversity in Engelmann spruce and a comparison with blue spruce SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE diversity; selfing; genetic drift; bottlenecks; climate change ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; SUB-ALPINE FIR; MATING SYSTEM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PICEA-GLAUCA; WHITE SPRUCE; GENIC DIVERSITY; RARE ALLELES; RED SPRUCE; PINE AB Genetic diversity and genetic structure in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) were interpreted with respect to the effects of glacial and interglacial displacement and compared with patterns in blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), which occupies a range well south of the last glacial front. On average, Engelmann spruce populations were polymorphic at 80% of 24 isozyme loci, with 2.4 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity of 0.255. The respective means for four populations of blue spruce were 42.7%, 1.6 alleles, and 0.138. Of total diversity, 14.7% was among populations in Engelmann spruce and 8.6% in blue spruce. In Engelmann spruce, numbers of alleles increased from south to north. Recent bottlenecks were indicated in the three southernmost populations of Engelmann spruce and in the northernmost population of blue spruce. Cluster analysis divided Engelmann spruce into a northern group and a Southwestern group; however, populations from Utah were distributed among both clusters. Genetic distance was correlated with geographic distance between northern populations but not between Southwestern populations, where drift predominated over gene flow. In two Engelmann spruce populations from Utah, multilocus outcrossing rates were 0.951 (+/- 0.016) and 0.940 (+/- 0.071). At Flys Peak, Arizona, the southernmost location of Engelmann spruce, outcrossing was also high, 0.899 (+/- 0.017). Thus, inbreeding coefficients observed for parental (-0.104 to 0.047) and filial (0.011 to 0.026) generations were low. Although Engelmann spruce seemed genetically robust, the evidence of bottlenecks in the southern extreme of its range suggested future problems in an era of global warming. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific NW Res Stn, Placerville, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific NW Res Stn, Placerville, CA USA. EM tledig@ucdavis.edu NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1806 EP 1828 DI 10.1139/B06-106 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 145IO UT WOS:000244858700006 ER PT J AU McCann, RK Marcot, BG Ellis, R AF McCann, Robert K. Marcot, Bruce G. Ellis, Rick TI Bayesian belief networks: applications in ecology and natural resource management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN/; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; POPULATION VIABILITY; LAND MANAGEMENT; INFLUENCE DIAGRAMS; DECISION-ANALYSIS; MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; RISK; ALTERNATIVES AB In this introduction to the following series of papers on Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) we briefly summarize BBNs, review their application in ecology and natural resource management, and provide an overview of the papers in this section. We suggest that BBNs are useful tools for representing expert knowledge of an ecosystem, evaluating potential effects of alternative management decisions, and communicating with nonexperts about making natural resource management decisions. BBNs can be used effectively to represent uncertainty in understanding and variability in ecosystem response, and the influence of uncertainty and variability on costs and benefits assigned to model outcomes or decisions associated with natural resource management. BBN tools also lend themselves well to an adaptive-management framework by posing testable management hypotheses and incorporating new knowledge to evaluate existing management guidelines. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97205 USA. R Ellis & Associates Inc, Victoria, BC V9E 2A2, Canada. RP McCann, RK (reprint author), POB 421, Mackenzie, BC V0J 2C0, Canada. EM rmccann@interchange.ubc.ca NR 54 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 10 U2 68 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3053 EP 3062 DI 10.1139/X06-238 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 149BG UT WOS:000245121000001 ER PT J AU Marcot, BG Steventon, JD Sutherland, GD McCann, RK AF Marcot, Bruce G. Steventon, J. Douglas Sutherland, Glenn D. McCann, Robert K. TI Guidelines for developing and updating Bayesian belief networks applied to ecological modeling and conservation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; INFLUENCE DIAGRAMS; PROBABILISTIC INFERENCE; EM ALGORITHM; MANAGEMENT; USA AB Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) are useful tools for modeling ecological predictions and aiding resource-management decision-making. We provide practical guidelines for developing, testing, and revising BBNs. Primary steps in this process include creating influence diagrams of the hypothesized "causal web" of key factors affecting a species or ecological outcome of interest; developing a first, alpha-level BBN model from the influence diagram; revising the model after expert review; testing and calibrating the model with case files to create a beta-level model; and updating the model structure and conditional probabilities with new validation data, creating the final-application gamma-level model. We illustrate and discuss these steps with an empirically based BBN model of factors influencing probability of capture of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw)). Testing and updating BBNs, especially with peer review and calibration, are essential to ensure their credibility and reduce bias. Our guidelines provide modelers with insights that allow them to avoid potentially spurious or unreliable models. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97205 USA. British Columbia Minist Forests & Range, Smithers, BC V0J 2N0, Canada. Cortex Consultants Inc, Victoria, BC V8W 1W2, Canada. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM bmarcot@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 202 Z9 206 U1 18 U2 83 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3063 EP 3074 DI 10.1139/X06-135 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 149BG UT WOS:000245121000002 ER PT J AU Nyberg, JB Marcot, BG Sulyma, R AF Nyberg, J. Brian Marcot, Bruce G. Sulyma, Randy TI Using Bayesian belief networks in adaptive management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN/; EXPERT OPINION; LAND MANAGEMENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MODELS; RISK; ALTERNATIVES; NORTHWEST; HABITATS; ECOLOGY AB Bayesian belief and decision networks are modelling techniques that are well suited to adaptive-management applications, but they appear not to have been widely used in adaptive management to date. Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) can serve many purposes, from illustrating a conceptual understanding of system relations to calculating joint probabilities for decision options and predicting outcomes of management policies. We describe the nature and capabilities of BBNs, discuss their applications to the adaptive-management process, and present a case example of adaptive management of forests and terrestrial lichens in north-central British Columbia. We recommend that those unfamiliar with BBNs should begin by first developing influence diagrams with relatively simple structures that represent the system under management. Such basic models can then be elaborated to include more variables, the mathematical relations among them, and features that allow assessment of the utility of alternative management actions or strategies. Users of BBNs should be aware of several important limitations, including problems in representing feedback and time-dynamic functions. Nevertheless, when properly used, Bayesian networks can benefit most adaptive-management teams by promoting a shared understanding of the system being managed and encouraging the rigorous examination of alternative management policies. C1 British Columbia Minist Forests & Range, Forest Practices Branch, Victoria, BC V8W 9C2, Canada. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Resource Interface Ltd, Ft St James, BC V0J 1P0, Canada. RP Nyberg, JB (reprint author), British Columbia Minist Forests & Range, Forest Practices Branch, POB 9513 Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, BC V8W 9C2, Canada. EM bnyberg@telus.net NR 56 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 25 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3104 EP 3116 DI 10.1139/X06-108 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 149BG UT WOS:000245121000005 ER PT J AU McNay, RS Marcot, BG Brumovsky, V Ellis, R AF McNay, R. Scott Marcot, Bruce G. Brumovsky, Viktor Ellis, Rick TI A Bayesian approach to evaluating habitat for woodland caribou in north-central British Columbia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RANGIFER-TARANDUS-CARIBOU; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; MOUNTAIN CARIBOU; EXPERT OPINION; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; SELECTION; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; WOLVES AB Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin)) populations are in decline throughout much of their range. With increasingly rapid industrial, recreational, residential, and agricultural development of caribou habitat, tools are required to make clear, knowledgeable, and explainable management decisions to support effective conservation of caribou and their range. We developed a series of Bayesian belief networks to evaluate conservation policy scenarios applied to caribou seasonal range recovery areas. We demonstrate the utility of the networks to articulate ecological understanding among stakeholders, to clarify and explicitly depict threats to seasonal range. We also show how simulated forecasts of spatially explicit seasonal range can be compared with landscape potential with range under assumed conditions of natural disturbance. These tools have provided opportunities to operationally define and measure conditions for recovery of caribou in north-central British Columbia. C1 Wildlife Infometr Inc, Mackenzie, BC V0J 2C0, Canada. USDA Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97205 USA. R Ellis & Associates Inc, Victoria, BC V9E 2A2, Canada. RP McNay, RS (reprint author), Wildlife Infometr Inc, POB 308, Mackenzie, BC V0J 2C0, Canada. EM scott.mcnay@wildlifeinfometrics.com NR 59 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3117 EP 3133 DI 10.1139/X06-258 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 149BG UT WOS:000245121000006 ER PT J AU Boerner, REJ Waldrop, TA Shelburne, VB AF Boerner, R. E. J. Waldrop, T. A. Shelburne, V. B. TI Wildfire mitigation strategies affect soil enzyme activity and soil organic carbon in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; GRASSLAND; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB We quantified the effects of three wildfire hazard reduction treatments (prescribed fire, thinning from below, and the combination of fire and thinning), and passive management (control) on mineral soil organic C, and enzyme activity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests on the Piedmont of South Carolina. Soil organic C was reduced by thinning, either alone or with prescribed fire, and this effect persisted through the fourth post-treatment year. Fire also resulted in reduced soil organic C, but not until several years after treatment. Soil C/N ratio initially increased after fire, either alone or with thinning, but this difference did not persist. The activities of three soil enzymes (acid phosphatase, chitinase, and phenol oxidase) in the upper mineral soil were quantified as measures of microbial activity. During the fourth post-treatment year we observed significant stimulation of all three enzyme systems as a result of thinning or thinning and burning. Although the patterns of variation in acid phosphatase and chitinase activity among treatments were similar during the first and fourth post-treatment years, the first-year treatment effects were not statistically significant. Given the management objective of utilizing these stands for timber production, the increased potential for rapid nutrient turnover offered by thinning gives this approach advantages over prescribed fire; however, management for maximum long-term storage of soil C may be better facilitated by prescribed fire. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Boerner, REJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM boerner.1@osu.edu NR 38 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3148 EP 3154 DI 10.1139/X06-222 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 149BG UT WOS:000245121000008 ER PT J AU Innes, JC North, MP Williamson, N AF Innes, James C. North, Malcolm P. Williamson, Nathan TI Effect of thinning and prescribed fire restoration treatments on woody debris and snag dynamics in a Sierran old-growth, mixed-conifer forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN OREGON; NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; REGIMES; ECOLOGY AB Forest managers have little information of the effects of common restoration treatments, thinning and burning, on dead woody material (DWM) dynamics in fire-suppressed forests. Fine woody debris (FWD; 0.6-29.9 cm), coarse woody debris (CWD; >= 30.0 cm), and snags (>= 5 cm) were inventoried and mapped in eighteen 4 ha plots before and after applying thinning (overstory, understory, and no thinning) and burning (burn and no burn) treatments. The combination of burning and thinning reduced FWD and CWD quantity and mean piece size, removed highly decayed logs, and increased small (5.0-24.9 cm) snag recruitment. In contrast, thin-only treatments produced similar results but increased FWD and did not remove many small snags. There were no differences in DWM response between the two thinning treatments. Log and snag spatial patterns prior to and following treatment were similar. These results indicate that burning in combination with thinning is more effective at reducing surface FWD and CWD, and removing small trees than are burn-only and thin-only treatments. Although large snags and logs were consumed in the burn, long-term recruitment of these habitat structures relies on managers retaining large-diameter trees. Repeated burns need to be conducted after initial restoration treatments to understand natural patterns of DWM. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. RP North, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd St A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mpnorth@ucdavis.edu NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3183 EP 3193 DI 10.1139/X06-184 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 149BG UT WOS:000245121000012 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Adler, PR Boateng, AA Casler, MD Sarath, G AF Sanderson, Matt A. Adler, Paul R. Boateng, Akwasi A. Casler, Michael D. Sarath, Gautarn TI Switchgrass as a biofuels feedstock in the USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Canadian-Society-of-Agronomy/Canadian-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY AUG 01-04, 2006 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Agron, Canadian Soc Hort Sci DE bioenergy; biomass conversion technologies; Panicum virgatum L; stand establishment; switchgrass improvement; USDA-ARS ID CHLOROPLAST DNA POLYMORPHISMS; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; SEEDLING TILLER NUMBER; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; BIG BLUESTEM; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; BIOENERGY CROP AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been identified as a model herbaceous energy crop for the USA. In this review, we selectively highlight current USDA-ARS research on switchgrass for biomass energy. Intensive research on switchgrass as a biomass feedstock in the 1990s greatly improved our understanding of the adaptation of switchgrass cultivars, production practices, and environmental benefits. Several constraints still remain in terms of economic production of switchgrass for biomass feedstock including reliable establishment practices to ensure productive stands in the seeding year, efficient use of fertilizers, and more efficient methods to convert lignocellulose to biofuels. Overcoming the biological constraints will require genetic enhancement, molecular biology, and plant breeding efforts to improve switchgrass cultivars. New genomic resources will aid in developing molecular markers, and should allow for marker-assisted selection of improved germplasm. Research is also needed on profitable management practices for switchgrass production appropriate to specific agro-ecoregions and breakthroughs in conversion methodology. Current higher costs of biofuels compared to fossil fuels may be offset by accurately valuing environmental benefits associated with perennial grasses such as reduced runoff and erosion and associated reduced losses of soil nutrients and organic matter, increased incorporation of soil carbon and reduced use of agricultural chemicals. Use of warm-season perennial grasses in bioenergy cropping systems may also mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2. A critical need is teams of scientists, extension staff, and producer-cooperators in key agro-ecoregions to develop profitable management practices for the production of biomass feedstocks appropriate to those agro-ecoregions. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Matt.Sanderson@ars.usda.gov NR 91 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 58 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 86 IS 5 SI SI BP 1315 EP 1325 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 154SN UT WOS:000245528000002 ER PT J AU Cutforth, HW McGinn, SM McPhee, KE AF Cutforth, Herb W. McGinn, Sean M. McPhee, Kevin E. TI Adaptation of pulse crops to a changing climate in the Northern Great Plains. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 86 IS 5 SI SI BP 1423 EP 1423 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 154SN UT WOS:000245528000064 ER PT J AU Young, JK Shivik, JA AF Young, Julie K. Shivik, John A. TI What carnivore biologists can learn from bugs, birds, and beavers: a review of spatial theories SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; HOME-RANGE; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; TERRITORY ESTABLISHMENT; SPACE USE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANIMAL MOVEMENTS; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES; POPULATION CONSEQUENCES AB Information on the ecology and evolution of a species can be enhanced by studying spatial ecology. Even though space use has been a focus of carnivore research for decades, the theoretical framework for such studies remains poorly developed. Most spatial ecology theory has instead been developed and tested with invertebrates and expanded into fishery and ornithological research. The goal of this review is to examine spatial theories being tested in other taxonomic groups that could positively influence how carnivore biologists design studies. Details are provided from studies that illustrate methods to quantify space use, and four broad areas of spatial theory are reviewed: conspecific attraction, territory establishment, within-territory space use, and inheritance of space use. Suggestions are given on how carnivore biologists could incorporate each of these components into study designs. Carnivore biologists have opportunities to test spatial theory at small and large scales that could ultimately advance the entire field of spatial ecology. Although this review focuses on improving studies of terrestrial carnivores, our suggestions are relevant for studies of spatial theories across taxa. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Young, JK (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Julie.K.Young@asu.edu NR 141 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1703 EP 1711 DI 10.1139/Z06-178 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 140VD UT WOS:000244533900001 ER PT J AU Mahabir, S Baer, DJ Johnson, LL Hartman, TJ Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Clevidence, BA Taylor, PR AF Mahabir, Somdat Baer, David J. Johnson, Laura L. Hartman, Terry J. Dorgan, Joanne F. Campbell, William S. Clevidence, Beverly A. Taylor, Philip R. TI Usefulness of body mass index as a sufficient adiposity measurement for sex hormone concentration associations in postmenopausal women SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; STEROID-HORMONES; ENDOGENOUS HORMONES; CIRCULATING LEVELS; FAT DISTRIBUTION; HEALTHY WOMEN; IGF-I; ESTROGEN; DIET; OBESITY AB Background: Both obesity and sex hormones are known risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer. Although adiposity and sex hormones have been studied in the past, previous reports in postmenopausal women have not been conducted under carefully controlled dietary conditions. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of body mass index (BMI) as a sufficient adiposity measurement to assess associations with sex hormone levels. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional analysis within the control segment (0 g alcohol group) of a randomized, crossover design, in which 51 postmenopausal women consumed 0 (control), 15 (one drink), and 30 (two drinks) g alcohol (ethanol)/d for 8 weeks each as part of a controlled diet. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were administered to the women during the control (0 g alcohol) segment, and a blood sample was drawn at the end of that diet period for hormone analysis. Results: In multivariate analysis (adjusted for age, race, family history of breast cancer, parity, and menarche < 12 years), women who were overweight or obese had significantly higher serum concentrations of estradiol, bioavailable estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate and lower sex hormone-binding globulin than normal weight women (all P < 0.05). In models adjusted for BMI and the covariates above, none of the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry adiposity measures added further information (all P > 0.10) for these five analytes beyond that of BMI alone. Conclusions: In this population of postmenopausal women, under carefully controlled dietary conditions, we confirmed previous findings that higher levels of adiposity were associated with higher concentrations of estrogens and lower sex hormone-binding globulin, and we found that the use of the epidemiology-friendly BMI seems sufficient to assess associations with these hormone levels. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Complementary & Alternat Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Div Populat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. RP Mahabir, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, 1155 Pressler Blvd,CPB4-3247, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM smahabir@mdanderson.org RI Mahabir, Somdat/A-9788-2008 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [Y1-SC-8012] NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2502 EP 2507 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0499 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119AK UT WOS:000242984400030 PM 17164376 ER PT J AU Durgan, DJ Fischer, M Egbejimi, O Bray, MS Chow, CW Dyck, JRB Young, ME AF Durgan, David J. Fischer, Melanie Egbejimi, Oluwaseun Bray, Molly S. Chow, Chi-Wing Dyck, Jason R. B. Young, Martin E. TI Circadian rhythms in fatty acid-induced depression of myocardial contractile function; potential mediation by the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte SO CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-3206 J9 CARDIOVASC DRUG THER JI Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 406 EP 406 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 124JT UT WOS:000243364800021 ER PT J AU Alig, RJ Krankina, O Yost, A Kuzminykh, J AF Alig, Ralph J. Krankina, Olga Yost, Andrew Kuzminykh, Julia TI Forest carbon dynamics in the Pacific Northwest (USA) and the St. Petersburg region of Russia: Comparisons and policy implications SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; FLUXES; SECTOR; BUDGET; STORES; SINKS AB Forests of the United States and Russia can play a positive role in reducing the extent of global warming caused by greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. To determine the extent of carbon sequestration, physical, ecological, economic, and social issues need to be considered, including different forest management objectives across major forest ownership groups. Private timberlands in the U.S. Pacific Northwest are relatively young, well stocked, and sequestering carbon at relatively high rates. Forests in northwestern Russia are generally less productive than those in the Northwestern U.S. but cover extensive areas. A large increase in carbon storage per hectare in live tree biomass is projected on National Forest timberlands in the U.S. Pacific Northwest for all selected scenarios, with an increase of between 157-175 Mg by 2050 and a near doubling of 1970s levels. On private timberlands in the Pacific Northwest, average carbon in live tree biomass per hectare has been declining historically but began to level off near 65 Mg in 2000; projected levels by 2050 are roughly what they were in 1970 at approximately 80 Mg. In the St. Petersburg region, average carbon stores were similar to those on private lands in the Pacific Northwest: 57 Mg per hectare in 2000 and ranging from 40 to 64 Mg by 2050. Although the projected futures reflect a broad range of policy options, larger differences in projected carbon stores result from the starting conditions determined by ownership, regional environmental conditions, and past changes in forest management. However, an important change of forest management objective, such as the end of all timber harvest on National Forests in the Pacific Northwest or complete elimination of mature timber in the St. Petersburg region, can lead to substantial change in carbon stores over the next 50 years. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. St Petersburg Forest Acad, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR USA. EM Ralig@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9077-7 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110DX UT WOS:000242359600010 ER PT J AU Hoffman, MA Menge, C Casey, TA Laegreid, W Bosworth, BT Dean-Nystrom, EA AF Hoffman, Mark A. Menge, Christian Casey, Thomas A. Laegreid, William Bosworth, Brad T. Dean-Nystrom, Evelyn A. TI Bovine immune response to Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; O157H7 INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TARGET-CELLS; TOXIN 1; CATTLE; CALVES; COLONIZATION AB Although cattle develop humoral immune responses to Shiga-toxigenic (Stx(+)) Escherichia coli O157:H7, infections often result in long-term shedding of these human pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare humoral and cellular immune responses to Stx(+) and Stx(-) E. coli O157:H7. Three groups of calves were inoculated intrarumenally, twice in a 3-week interval, with different strains of E. coli: a Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 strain (Stx2(+)O157), a Shiga toxin-negative E. coli O157:H7 strain (Stx(-)O157), or a nonpathogenic E. coli strain (control). Fecal shedding of Stx2(+)O157 was significantly higher than that of Stx(-)O157 or the control. Three weeks after the second inoculation, all calves were challenged with Stx2(+)O157. Following the challenge, levels of fecal shedding of Stx2(+)O157 were similar in all three groups. Both groups inoculated with an O157 strain developed antibodies to O157 LPS. Calves initially inoculated with Stx(-)O157, but not those inoculated with Stx2(+)O157, developed statistically significant lymphoproliferative responses to heat-killed Stx2(+)O157. These results provide evidence that infections with STEC can suppress the development of specific cellular immune responses in cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Hyg & Infect Dis Anim, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Cerner Corp, Kansas City, MO 64117 USA. Novartis Anim Hlth US, Greensboro, NC 27408 USA. RP Dean-Nystrom, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM enystrom@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1322 EP 1327 DI 10.1128/CVI.00205-06 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 118ZM UT WOS:000242982000004 PM 17050743 ER PT J AU Salvo, VA Boue, SM Fonseca, JP Elliott, S Corbitt, C Collins-Burow, BM Curiel, TJ Srivastav, SK Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, C Wood, CE Erhardt, PW Beckman, BS McLachlan, JA Cleveland, TE Burow, ME AF Salvo, Virgilo A. Boue, Stephen M. Fonseca, Juan P. Elliott, Steven Corbitt, Cynthia Collins-Burow, Bridgette M. Curiel, Tyler J. Srivastav, Sudesh K. Shih, Betty Y. Carter-Wientjes, Carol Wood, Charles E. Erhardt, Paul W. Beckman, Barbara S. McLachlan, John A. Cleveland, Thomas E. Burow, Matthew E. TI Antiestrogenic glyceollins suppress human breast and ovarian carcinoma tumorigenesis SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGASPERMA; CANCER; SOY; GROWTH; MODEL; PHYTOESTROGENS; ACCUMULATION; PHYTOALEXINS; METABOLISM; RESISTANCE AB Purpose: We have identified the phytoalexin compounds glyceollins I, II, and III, which exhibit marked antiestrogenic effects on estrogen receptor function and estrogen-dependent tumor growth in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions among the induced soy phytoalexins glyceollins I, II, and III on the growth of estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer and BG-1 ovarian cancer cells implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice. Experimental Design: Four treatment groups for each cell line were used: vehicle control, 20 mg/kg/mouse/d glyceollin mixture injection, 0.72 mg estradiol (E2) implant, and E2 implant + 20 mg/kg/mouse/d glyceollin injection. Results: Treatment with glyceollin suppressed E2-stimulated tumor growth of MCF-7 cells (-53.4%) and BG-1 cells (-73.1%) in ovariectomized athymic mice. These tumor-inhibiting effects corresponded with significantly lower E2-induced progesterone receptor expression in the tumors. In contrast to tamoxifen, the glyceollins had no estrogen-agonist effects on uterine morphology and partially antagonized the uterotropic effects of estrogen. Conclusions: These findings identify glyceollins as antiestrogenic agents that may be useful in the prevention or treatment of breast and ovarian carcinoma. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Med,Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Hematol & Med Oncol, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biostat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Canc Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Comparat Med Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Univ Toledo, Ctr Drug Design & Dev, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Burow, ME (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Med,Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Hematol & Med Oncol, Dept Med, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM mburow@tulane.edu RI Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 FU NCRR NIH HHS [T32 RR 07009]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 059389] NR 30 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 23 BP 7159 EP 7164 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1426 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 114UL UT WOS:000242691000041 PM 17145841 ER PT J AU Warnick, GR McNamara, JR Boggess, CN Clendenen, F Williams, PT Landolt, CC AF Warnick, G. Russell McNamara, Judith R. Boggess, Chris N. Clendenen, Faith Williams, Paul T. Landolt, Cleland C. TI Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein subclasses SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HEPATIC LIPASE ACTIVITY; LOW-FAT DIET; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATION AB High-density (HDL), low-density (LDL), and very-low-density lipoproteins are heterogeneous cholesterol-containing particles that differ in their metabolism, environmental interactions, and association with disease. Several protocols use polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) to separate these major lipoproteins into known subclasses. This article provides a brief history of the discovery of lipoprotein heterogeneity and an overview of relevant hpoprotein metabolism, highlighting the importance of the subclasses in the context of their metabolic origins, fates, and clinical implications. Various techniques using polyacrylamide GGE to assess HDL and LDL heterogeneity are described, and how the genetic and enviromnental determinations of HDL and LDL affect lipoprotein size heterogeneity and the implications for cardiovascular disease are outlined. C1 Berkeley HeartLab Inc, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Warnick, GR (reprint author), Berkeley HeartLab Inc, 960 Atlantic Ave,Suite 100, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. EM grwarnick@bhlinc.com NR 190 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 803 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cll.2006.07.005 PG 46 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 115XB UT WOS:000242766000007 PM 17110241 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Chamorro-Lacayo, ML AF Konstantinov, Alexander S. Chamorro-Lacayo, Maria Lourdes TI A new genus of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) from the Dominican Republic. SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEW-WORLD; CERAMBYCIDAE; PRIONINAE AB Kiskeya new genus and two new species (K. baorucae and K. neiboe), from the Dominican Republic are described and illustrated. Kiskeya is compared to Monotalla Bechyne, Normaltica Konstantinov, and Clavicornaltica Scherer. Geographic ranges in which Greater Antillean endemics have closest relatives in the Old World are discussed. C1 USDA, ARS, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab,Natl Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab,Natl Museum, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov; cham0138@umn.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 60 IS 4 BP 275 EP 290 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2006)60[275:ANGOMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125VM UT WOS:000243471300001 ER PT J AU Rexroad, C Vallejo, R Coulibaly, I Couch, C Garber, A Westerman, M Sullivan, C AF Rexroad, Caird Vallejo, Roger Coulibaly, Issa Couch, Charlene Garber, Amber Westerman, Mark Sullivan, Craig TI Identification and characterization of microsatellites for striped bass from repeat-enriched libraries SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE breeding; genetics; heterozygosity; microsatellite; striped bass ID MORONE-SAXATILIS; ATLANTIC COAST; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION; LOCI AB Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) is economically important in the US due to its value as an aquaculture species and in supporting commercial and recreational fisheries, especially those off the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. Modern strategies for managing fishery populations and aquaculture broodstocks employ the use of molecular genetic markers to identify individuals, assign parentage, and characterize population genetic structure and levels of inbreeding and migration. As part of a collaborative effort to utilize molecular genetic technologies in striped bass breeding programs we generated microsatellite markers for use in population genetic studies, broodstock selection and management strategies, and the construction of a genetic map. We developed 345 new microsatellite markers for striped bass, a subset (n=71) of which was characterized by genotyping samples from two striped bass broodstock populations to evaluate marker polymorphism, percent heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), linkage disequilibrium (LD) and utility for population genetic studies. C1 USDA ARS, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kent SeaTech Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Rexroad, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCCCWA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 6 BP 971 EP 982 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9122-0 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 104GW UT WOS:000241947900013 ER PT J AU Kimoto, A Nearing, MA Shipitalo, MJ Polyakov, VO AF Kimoto, A. Nearing, M. A. Shipitalo, M. J. Polyakov, V. O. TI Multi-year tracking of sediment sources in a small agricultural watershed using rare earth elements SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE rare earth element; sediment source areas; soil erosion; hillslope hydrology; tracer depletion; tracer enrichment ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SOIL-EROSION; RIVER SYSTEM; CATCHMENT; REDISTRIBUTION; TRACERS; AUSTRALIA; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; OXIDES AB Rare earth elements (REEs) have been successfully used as a sediment tracer, but the REE technique has never been used for studying sediment sources for a multi-year period. A nearly four-year field experiment was conducted on a small agricultural watershed near Coshocton, OH, USA, to assess the applicability of the REE technique for a multi-year period and to evaluate the relative contributions of sediment sources in the watershed. Tracer depletion and tracer enrichment ratio (ratio of the tracer concentrations in sediment to the concentrations in the soil in the areas of application) were evaluated to examine the applicability and accuracy of the technique. A minimum of 91 per cent of the mass of the applied elements was still available on any individual morphological element at the end of the experimental period. The tracer enrichment ratio varied from 0.4 to 2.3, and it was not significantly related to time. The relative contributions of six morphological elements within the watershed were evaluated as proportions to total sediment yield. The relative contribution of the lower channel was significantly increased as a function of the amount of sediment yield, while that of the lower backslope was significantly decreased. The relative contribution of the lower channel significantly decreased as a function of cumulative sediment yield, while the contributions of the shoulder and the upper backslope significantly increased. Our results showed that the REE technique can be used to track sediment sources for a relatively long period with two limitations or potential sources of error associated with a selective depletion of tracers and a contamination of downslope areas with tagged sediments from upslope areas. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA, ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kimoto, A (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 20000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM akimoto@tucson.ars.ag.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 14 BP 1763 EP 1774 DI 10.1002/esp.1355 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 124DA UT WOS:000243346200003 ER PT J AU Seitzinger, S Harrison, JA Bohlke, JK Bouwman, AF Lowrance, R Peterson, B Tobias, C Van Drecht, G AF Seitzinger, S. Harrison, J. A. Bohlke, J. K. Bouwman, A. F. Lowrance, R. Peterson, B. Tobias, C. Van Drecht, G. TI Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: A synthesis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE continental sheaf; denitrification; estuaries; lakes; nitrogen; oxygen minimum zones; rivers; sediments; soils ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEDIMENTS; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ISOTOPE PAIRING TECHNIQUE; NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; TROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; MASS-BALANCE APPROACH; NITRATE-RICH STREAMS; NEW-ENGLAND ESTUARY; SEASONAL-VARIATION AB Denitrification is a critical process regulating the removal of bioavailable nitrogen (N) from natural and human-altered systems. While it has been extensively studied in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems, there has been limited communication among denitrification scientists working in these individual systems. Here, we compare rates of denitrification and controlling factors across a range of ecosystem types. We suggest that terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems in which denitrification occurs can be organized along a continuum ranging from (1) those in which nitrification and denitrification are tightly coupled in space and time to (2) those in which nitrate production and denitrification are relatively decoupled. In aquatic ecosystems, N inputs influence denitrification rates whereas hydrology and geomorphology influence the proportion of N inputs that are denitrified. Relationships between denitrification and water residence time and N load are remarkably similar across lakes, river reaches, estuaries, and continental shelves. Spatially distributed global models of denitrification suggest that continental shelf sediments account for the largest portion (44%) of total global denitrification, followed by terrestrial soils (22%) and oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs; 14%). Freshwater systems (groundwater, lakes, rivers) account for about 20% and estuaries 1% of total global denitrification. Denitrification of land-based N sources is distributed somewhat differently. Within. watersheds, the amount of land-based N denitrified is generally highest in terrestrial soils, with progressively smaller amounts denitrified in groundwater, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and estuaries. A number of regional exceptions to this general trend of decreasing denitrification in a downstream direction exist, including significant denitrification in continental shelves of N from terrestrial sources. Though terrestrial soils and groundwater are responsible for much denitrification at the watershed scale, per-area denitrification rates in soils and groundwater (kg N.km(-2).yr(-1)) are, on average, approximately one-tenth the per-area rates of denitrification in lakes, rivers, estuaries, continental shelves, or OMZs. A number of potential approaches to increase denitrification on the landscape, and thus decrease N export to sensitive coastal systems exist. However, these have not generally been widely tested for their effectiveness at scales required to significantly reduce N export at the whole watershed scale. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Seitzinger, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM sybil@marine.rutgers.edu RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015 OI Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859 NR 189 TC 574 Z9 602 U1 54 U2 483 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2064 EP 2090 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2064:DALAWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300004 PM 17205890 ER PT J AU Boyer, EW Alexander, RB Parton, WJ Li, CS Butterbach-Bahl, K Donner, SD Skaggs, RW Del Gross, SJ AF Boyer, Elizabeth W. Alexander, Richard B. Parton, William J. Li, Changsheng Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus Donner, Simon D. Skaggs, R. Wayne Del Gross, Stephen J. TI Modeling denitrification in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at regional scales SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE aquatic; denitrification; modeling; nitrogen cycle; regional; terrestrial ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; TEMPERATE FOREST SOILS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; RIVER-BASIN; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NORTHEASTERN USA; WATERSHED-SCALE; NITRATE REDUCTION AB Quantifying where, when, and how much denitrification occurs on the basis of measurements alone remains particularly vexing at virtually all spatial scales. As a result, models have become essential tools for integrating current understanding of the processes that control denitrification with measurements of rate-control ling properties so that the permanent losses of N within landscapes can be quantified at watershed and regional scales. In this paper, we describe commonly used approaches for modeling denitrification and N cycling processes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems based on selected examples from the literature. We highlight future needs for developing complementary measurements and models of denitrification. Most of the approaches described here do not explicitly simulate microbial dynamics, but make predictions by representing the environmental conditions where denitrification is expected to occur, based on conceptualizations of the N cycle and empirical data from field and laboratory investigations of the dominant process controls. Models of denitrification in terrestrial ecosystems include generally similar rate-controlling variables, but vary in their complexity of the descriptions of natural and human-related properties of the landscape, reflecting a range of scientific and management perspectives. Models of denitrification in aquatic ecosystems range in complexity from highly detailed mechanistic simulations of the N cycle to simpler source-transport models of aggregate N removal processes estimated with empirical functions, though all estimate aquatic N removal using first-order reaction rate or mass-transfer rate expressions. Both the terrestrial and aquatic modeling approaches considered here generally indicate that denitrification is an important and highly substantial component of the N cycle over large spatial scales. How, ever, the uncertainties of model predictions are large. Future progress will be linked to advances in field measurements, spatial databases, and model structures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Boyer, EW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM boyer@nature.berkeley.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus/A-8081-2013 NR 153 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 11 U2 98 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2123 EP 2142 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2123:MDITAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300006 PM 17205892 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Landis, DA Nuzzo, V Blossey, B Gerber, E Hinz, HL AF Davis, Adam S. Landis, Douglas A. Nuzzo, Victoria Blossey, Bernd Gerber, Esther Hinz, Hariet L. TI Demographic models inform selection of biocontrol agents for garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agent selection; Alliaria petiolata; biocontrol agent; biological weed control; Ceutorhynchus; elasticity analysis; garlic mustard; invasive plants; matrix population models ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; INVASIVE PLANT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE; LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; WEEDS; BRASSICACEAE; INSECTS; DENSITY; RISK AB Nonindigenous invasive plants pose a major threat to natural communities worldwide. Biological control of weeds via selected introduction of their natural enemies can affect control over large spatial areas but also risk nontarget effects. To maximize effectiveness while minimizing risk, weed biocontrol programs should introduce the minimum number of host-specific natural enemies necessary to control an invasive nonindigenous plant. Vie used elasticity analysis of a matrix model to help inform biocontrol agent selection for garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara and Grande). The Eurasian biennial A. petiolata is considered one of the most problematic invaders of temperate forests in North America. Four weevil species in the genus Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are currently considered potential biocontrol agents. These species attack rosettes (C. scrobicollis), stems (C. roherti, C. alliariae), and seeds (C. constrictus) of A. petiolata. Elasticity analyses using A. petiolata demographic parameters from North America indicated that changes in the rosette-to-flowering-plant transition and changes in fecundity consistently had the greatest impact on population growth rate. These results suggest that attack by the rosette-feeder C. scrobicollis, which reduces overwintering survival, and seed or stem feeders that reduce seed output should be particularly effective. Model outcomes differed greatly as A. petiolata demographic parameters were varied within ranges observed in North America, indicating that successful control of A. petiolata populations may occur under some, but not all, conditions. Using these a priori analyses we predict: (1) rosette mortality and reduction of seed output will be the most important factors determining A. petiolata demography; (2) the root-crown feeder C. scrobicollis will have the most significant impact on A. petiolata demography; (3) releases of single control agents are unlikely to control A.. petiolata across its full range of demographic variability; (4) combinations of agents that simultaneously reduce rosette survival and seed production will be required to suppress the most vigorous A. petiolata populations. These predictions can be tested using established long-term monitoring sites coupled with a designed release program. If demographic models can successfully predict biocontrol agent impact on invasive plant populations, a continued dialogue and collaboration between empirical and theoretical approaches may be the key to the development of successful biocontrol tactics for plant invaders in the future. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Nat Area Consultants, Richford, NY 13835 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CABI, Biosci Switzerland Ctr, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@uiuc.edu NR 62 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2399 EP 2410 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2399:DMISOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300027 PM 17205913 ER PT J AU Iovanna, R Griffiths, C AF Iovanna, Richard Griffiths, Charles TI Clean water, ecological benefits, and benefits transfer: A work in progress at the US EPA SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE benefits transfer; ecosystem services; cost-benefit analysis; water policy ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; OUTDOOR RECREATION; DEMAND AB Economists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are regularly called upon to assess the anticipated benefits and costs of rules proposed to implement environmental legislation. These laws reflect a concern for both human and ecological health, and the increased flow of ecosystem services is a significant source of benefit. This is particularly true for the Clean Water Act (CWA), one goal of which is to safeguard aquatic habitat. Because the benefit-cost analyses must be completed within mandated deadlines, the approaches taken to assess benefits are often expedient ones that have already survived the gauntlet of review both within and outside the agency. This engenders a strong bias toward the benefits transfer approach and particular variants of it. In this paper, we review how ecological benefits have been assessed for and benefits transfer applied to seven EPA rules issued under the CWA. We highlight common themes and point out recurring concerns. Some concerns relate to agency decisions regarding the treatment of a particular benefit category and could be dealt with relatively easily. Other concerns will require the support of an engaged research community to improve the fit of valuation studies to policy contexts and to ensure that the changes in ecological response to which benefit estimates are being transferred are accurately measured. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Farm Serv Agcy, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Iovanna, R (reprint author), USDA, Farm Serv Agcy, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Stop 0519, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Rich.iovanna@wdc.usda.gov; Griffiths.charles@epa.gov NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.06.012 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 118XF UT WOS:000242976100015 ER PT J AU Cardoza, YJ Klepzig, KD Raffa, KF AF Cardoza, Yasmin J. Klepzig, Kier D. Raffa, Kenneth F. TI Bacteria in oral secretions of an endophytic insect inhibit antagonistic fungi SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antagonism; Aspergillus; bark beetles; blue stain fungus; Dendroctonus; insect-fungal interactions; Leptographium; spruce beetle; symbiosis; Trichoderma ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; BARK BEETLES; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; MICROBACTERIUM-NEMATOPHILUM; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BACILLUS-PUMILUS; SPRUCE BEETLE; WHITE SPRUCE AB 1. Colonisation of host trees by an endophytic herbivore, the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis, is accompanied by invasion of its galleries by a number of fungal species. Four of these associated species were identified as Leptographium abietinum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nomius, and Trichoderma harzianum. 2. Trichoderma and Aspergillus significantly reduced spruce beetle survival and reproduction in controlled assays. 3. A previously undescribed behaviour was observed, in which spruce beetle adults exuded oral secretions, especially within fungus-pervaded galleries. 4. These oral secretions inhibited the growth of fungi except A. nomius, and disrupted the morphology of the latter. Administration of these secretions indicated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. 5. Oral secretions cultured on microbiological media yielded substantial bacterial growth. 6. Filter-sterilised secretions failed to inhibit fungal growth, evidence that the bacteria are responsible for the antifungal activity. 7. Nine bacterial isolates belonging to the Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria taxa were obtained from the secretions. 8. Bacterial isolates showed species-specific inhibitory activity against the four fungi antagonistic to spruce beetle. The bacterium with the strongest fungal inhibition activity was the actinomycete Micrococcus luteus. 9. The production of bark beetle secretions containing bacteria that inhibit fungal growth is a novel finding. This suggests an additional level of complexity to ecological associations among bark beetles, conifers, and microorganisms, and an important adaptation for colonising subcortical tissue. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Cardoza, YJ (reprint author), 345 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cardoza@entomology.wisc.edu NR 53 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 636 EP 645 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2006.00829.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117HA UT WOS:000242862600013 ER PT J AU McKenzie, D O'Neill, SM Larkin, NK Norheim, RA AF McKenzie, Donald O'Neill, Susan M. Larkin, Narasimhan K. Norheim, Robert A. TI Integrating models to predict regional haze from wildland fire SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecological Models as Decision Tools in the 21st Century CY AUG 22-24, 2004 CL Quebec, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecol Modelling DE regional haze; integrated models; fire regimes; fire emissions; smoke dispersion ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; WILDFIRE; PRECIPITATION; RESTORATION; DORMANT; AEROSOL AB Visibility impairment from regional haze is a significant problem throughout the continental United States. A substantial portion of regional haze is produced by smoke from prescribed and wildland fires. Here we describe the integration of four simulation models, an array of GIS raster layers, and a set of algorithms for fire-danger calculations into a modeling framework for simulating regional-scale smoke dispersion. We focus on a representative fire season (2003) in the northwestern USA, on a 12km domain, and track the simulated dispersion and concentration of PM2.5 over the course of the season. Simulated Visibility reductions over national parks and wilderness areas are within the ranges of measured values at selected monitoring sites, although the magnitudes of peak events are underestimated because these include inputs other than fire. By linking the spatial and temporal patterns of haze-producing emissions to climatic variability, particularly synoptic weather patterns, and the stochastic nature of fire occurrence across the region, we can provide a robust method for estimating the quantity and distribution of fire-caused regional haze under climate-warming scenarios. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM donaldmckenzie@fs.fed.us NR 76 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 199 IS 3 SI SI BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.029 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 109JF UT WOS:000242303300007 ER PT J AU Makela, A Valentine, HT AF Makela, Annikki Valentine, Harry T. TI Crown ratio influences allometric scaling in trees SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allometry; biomass; branching network; fractal dimension; pipe model; quarter-power; scaling ID SCOTS PINE; GENERAL-MODEL; SIZE; BIOMASS; HEIGHT; GROWTH; COMPETITION; BIOLOGY; SAPWOOD; TAPER AB Allometric theories suggest that the size and shape of organisms follow universal rules, with a tendency toward quarter-power scaling. In woody plants, however, structure is influenced by branch death and shedding, which leads to decreasing crown ratios, accumulation of heartwood, and stem and branch tapering. This paper examines the impacts on allometric scaling of these aspects, which so far have been largely ignored in the scaling theory. Tree structure is described in terms of active and disused pipes arranged as an infinite branching network in the crown, and as a tapering bundle of pipes below the crown. Importantly, crown ratio is allowed to vary independently of crown size, the size of the trunk relative to the crown deriving from empirical results that relate crown base diameter to breast height diameter through crown ratio. The model implies a scaling relationship in the crown which reduces to quarter-power scaling under restrictive assumptions but would generally yield a scaling exponent somewhat less than three-quarters. For the whole tree, the model predicts that scaling between woody mass and foliage depends on crown ratio. Measurements on three boreal tree species are consistent with the model predictions. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Makela, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM annikki.makela@helsinki.fi OI Makela, Annikki/0000-0001-9633-7350 NR 35 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 6 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2967 EP 2972 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2967:CRIASI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120OL UT WOS:000243094300002 PM 17249219 ER PT J AU Flather, CH Stohlgren, TJ Jarnevich, C Barnett, D Kartesz, J AF Flather, Curtis H. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Jarnevich, Catherine Barnett, David Kartesz, John TI Plant species invasions along the latitudinal gradient in the United States: Reply SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AREA RELATIONSHIP; SCALE-DEPENDENCE; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; NUMBER; R2; STATISTICS; FLORAS C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ N Carolina, Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 12 BP 3213 EP 3217 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3213:PSIATL]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120OL UT WOS:000243094300028 ER PT J AU Guo, QF Shaffer, T Buhl, T AF Guo, Qinfeng Shaffer, Terry Buhl, Thomas TI Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity-productivity relationships in grasslands SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biotic invasion; developmental stage; diversity gradient; ecosystem functioning; experiments; productivity; restoration ID EXPERIMENTAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES; EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; BIODIVERSITY; RICHNESS; INVASION; EVENNESS; HISTORY; SCALE; MODEL AB Detailed knowledge of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning and for achieving success in habitat restoration efforts. However, effects and interactions of diversity, succession and biotic invasions on productivity remain elusive. We studied newly established communities in relation to preexisting homogeneous vegetation invaded by exotic plants in the northern Great Plains, USA, at four study sites for 3 years. We observed variant diversity-productivity relationships for the seeded communities (generally positive monotonic at three sites and non-monotonic at the other site) but no relationships for the resident community or the seeded and resident communities combined at all sites and all years. Community richness was enhanced by seeding additional species but productivity was not. The optimal diversity (as indicated by maximum productivity) changed among sites and as the community developed. The findings shed new light on ecosystem functioning of biodiversity under different conditions and have important implications for restoration. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), USDA, So Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Risk Assessment Ctr, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. EM qguo@usgs.gov RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1284 EP 1292 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107UQ UT WOS:000242196900002 PM 17118002 ER PT J AU Hogen, DM Scarnecchia, DL AF Hogen, D. M. Scarnecchia, D. L. TI Distinct fluvial and adfluvial migration patterns of a relict chaff, Salvelinus confluentus, stock in a mountainous watershed, Idaho, USA SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE charr; migration; adfluvial; fluvial; bull trout ID LANDLOCKED ARCTIC CHARR; BULL TROUT; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; ALPINUS L; POPULATION; RIVER; MONTANA; LAKE AB Sixty-five large (> 385 nun fork length) bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a threatened relict charr (Family Salmonidae), were captured in the upper East Fork South Fork Salmon River (EFSFSR), Idaho, USA and implanted with radio tags to investigate their spatial and temporal movements and distribution throughout the South Fork Salmon River (SFSR) basin and beyond. All radio-tagged fish were migratory. Most fish displayed a fluvial migration pattern. They typically overwintered in the larger rivers downriver of the EFSFSR (SFSR and the Salmon River further downstream), migrated upriver to the EFSFSR in June and further upriver into small (< 2 m wide) tributaries to spawn in August and September. Both consecutive-year and nonconsecutive-year spawners were found. A typical migration distance between the overwintering habitat and the spawning habitat was 100 km. A minor fraction (< 10%) of the fish displayed an adfluvial life history pattern, overwintering in a small (2 ha) 60-year-old flooded mine pit in the EFSFSR upstream of the spawning tributaries. The stock exhibited distinct site fidelity for spawning and overwintering. Similar fluvial and adfluvial migration patterns have been reported for bull trout in the region as well as for other charr species Effective management of this and other migratory charr stocks worldwide. will require protection of a wide range of habitats, from large rivers to the smallest tributaries. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Fremont Winema Natl Forest, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID USA. RP Hogen, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Fremont Winema Natl Forest, 1301 S G Str, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. EM dhogen@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 376 EP 387 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00148.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116LK UT WOS:000242804200003 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ McNaughton, SJ AF Augustine, David J. McNaughton, Samuel J. TI Interactive effects of ungulate herbivores, soil fertility, and variable rainfall on ecosystem processes in a semi-arid savanna SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cattle; grazing ecosystems; grassland; impala; inorganic nitrogen; nutrient cycling; non-equilibrium rangelands; phosphorous; wildlife management ID PLANT ANTIHERBIVORE DEFENSE; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; NITROGEN-MINERALIZATION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; GRAZING ECOSYSTEMS; SALT-MARSH; LONG-TERM; SERENGETI; GRASSLAND AB Large herbivores can both positively and negatively affect primary productivity and rates of nutrient cycling in different ecosystems. Positive effects of grazers in grasslands have been attributed to migratory behavior of the dominant ungulate species and soil fertility. We studied the effects of grazers on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and N cycling on central Kenyan rangeland characterized by intense, chronic grazing by a mixed community of cattle and resident native ungulates. Exclosure studies conducted at high and low levels of soil fertility showed that both soil fertility and annual rainfall patterns mediate the effects of grazers on ANPP and N cycling. In a low-rainfall year with short (1 month) growing seasons, grazers reduced aboveground productivity regardless of soil nutrient availability. However, in a high-rainfall year with a 5-month growing season, grazers increased ANPP on nutrient-rich glades and suppressed ANPP on nutrient-poor bushland sites. Concomitant studies of grazer effects on N cycling revealed complex interactions with the seasonal pattern of N-mineralization and inorganic N availability. Grazers increased the size of the inorganic N pool available to plants at the onset of the growing season, particularly in nutrient-rich glades. However, grazers also decreased N mineralization rates at all sites early in the growing season. Measures of N availability via ion-exchange resin bags suggested that the combined effects of grazers on inorganic N pool fluctuations and N-mineralization rates resulted in a net increase in N availability at glade sites and a net decrease in N availability at bushland sites. The net effect of grazers on soil N availability mirrored grazer effects on ANPP in the high-rainfall year. Overall, our results suggest that grazer effects on N dynamics are closely linked to effects on productivity and resilience to drought. Furthermore, even under optimal conditions of high soil fertility and above-average rainfall, grazer promotion of ANPP in this chronically grazed system dominated by resident ungulates was small compared to systems dominated by migratory ungulates. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Comanche Natl Grassland, POB 127, Springfield, CO 81073 USA. EM daugustine@fs.fed.us RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 NR 65 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 9 U2 73 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1242 EP 1256 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0020-y PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128IS UT WOS:000243652000003 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Fisk, MC Driscoll, CT Likens, GE Fahey, TJ Eagar, C Pardo, LH AF Groffman, Peter M. Fisk, Melany C. Driscoll, Charles T. Likens, Gene E. Fahey, Timothy J. Eagar, Christopher Pardo, Linda H. TI Calcium additions and microbial nitrogen cycle processes in a northern hardwood forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; calcium; carbon; Hubbard Brook; microbial biomass; nitrification; nitrogen; phosphorus ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; TEMPERATE FOREST; HUBBARD-BROOK; LONG-TERM; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; SOIL CHEMISTRY; BOREAL FOREST; NEW-HAMPSHIRE AB Evaluating, and possibly ameliorating, the effects of base cation depletion in forest soils caused by acid deposition is an important topic in the northeastern United States. We added 850 kg Ca ha(-1) as wollastonite (CaSiO3) to an 11.8-ha watershed at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA, in fall 1999 to replace calcium (Ca) leached from the ecosystem by acid deposition over the past 6 decades. Soil microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, gross and potential net N mineralization and nitrification rates, soil solution and stream chemistry, soil:atmosphere trace gas (CO2, N2O, CH4) fluxes, and foliar N concentrations have been monitored in the treated watershed and in reference areas at the HBEF before and since the Ca addition. We expected that rates of microbial C and N cycle processes would increase in response to the treatment. By 2000, soil pH was increased by a full unit in the Oie soil horizon, and by 2002 it was increased by nearly 0.5 units in the Oa soil horizon. However, there were declines in the N content of the microbial biomass, potential net and gross N mineralization rates, and soil inorganic N pools in the Oie horizon of the treated watershed. Stream, soil solution, and foliar concentrations of N showed no response to treatment. The lack of stimulation of N cycling by Ca addition suggests that microbes may not be stimulated by increased pH and Ca levels in the naturally acidic soils at the HBEF, or that other factors (for example, phosphorus, or Ca binding of labile organic matter) may constrain the capacity of microbes to respond to increased pH in the treated watershed. Possible fates for the approximately 10 kg N ha(-1) decline in microbial and soil inorganic pools include components of the plant community that we did not measure (for example, seedlings, understory shrubs), increased fluxes of N-2 and/or N storage in soil organic matter. These results raise questions about the factors regulating microbial biomass and activity in northern hardwood forests that should be considered in the context of proposals to mitigate the depletion of nutrient cations in soil. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM groffmanp@ecostudies.org RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 87 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1289 EP 1305 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0177-z PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128IS UT WOS:000243652000007 ER PT J AU Altekruse, SF Bauer, N Chanlongbutra, A DeSagun, R Naugle, A Schlosser, W Umholtz, R White, P AF Altekruse, Sean F. Bauer, Nathan Chanlongbutra, Amy DeSagun, Robert Naugle, Alecia Schlosser, Wayne Umholtz, Robert White, Patricia TI Salmonella enteritidis in broiler chickens, United States, 2000-2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHAGE TYPES; INFECTIONS; EGGS AB US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) data on Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in broiler chicken carcass rinses collected from 2000 through 2005 showed the annual number of isolates increased > 4-fold and the proportion of establishments with Salmonella Enteritidis-positive rinses increased nearly 3-fold (test for trend, p < 0.0001). The number of states with Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler rinses increased from 14 to 24. The predominant phage types (PT) were PT 13 and PT 8, 2 strains that a recent Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) case-control study associated with eating chicken. FSIS is directing more sampling resources toward plants with marginal Salmonella control to reduce prevalence in products including broilers. The policy targets establishments with common Salmonella serotypes of human illness, including Salmonella Enteritidis. Voluntary interventions should be implemented by industry. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program & Employee Dev, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Omaha, NE USA. RP Altekruse, SF (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program & Employee Dev, 300 12th St SW,Rm 412, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM sean.altekruse@fsis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1848 EP 1852 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900007 PM 17326935 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Shouse, PJ Grieve, CM AF Ibekwe, A. M. Shouse, P. J. Grieve, C. M. TI Quantification of survival of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on plants affected by contaminated irrigation water SO ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bacteria; contaminated water; PCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FLUOROGENIC PCR; RAPID DETECTION; BOVINE FECES; PERSISTENCE; STRAINS; LETTUCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157-H7 AB Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157: H7 (EHEC) is a major foodborne pathogen capable of causing diarrhea and vomiting, with further complications such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim of this study was to use the real-time PCR method to quantify the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7/pGFP in phyllosphere (leaf surface), rhizosphere (volume of soil tightly held by plant roots), and non-rhizosphere soils (sand and clay) irrigated with contaminated water and compare the results obtained between real-time PCR method and conventional plate counts. The real-time PCR probe was designed to hybridize with the (eae) gene of E. coli O157:H7. The probe was incorporated into real-time PCR containing DNA extracted from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soils irrigated with water artificially contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. The detection limit for E. coli O157:H7 quantification by real-time PCR was 2.3 x 10(3) in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere samples. E. coli O157:H7 survived longer in rhizosphere soil than the non-rhizosphere soil. The concentration of E. coli O157:H7/pGFP in rhizosphere soils was >= 10(4) CFU/g in both soils at day 12 based on both plate count and real time PCR, with the clay soil significantly (P = 0.05) higher than the sandy soil. This data showed that E. coli O157H:7 can persist in the environment for more than 50 d, and this may pose some risk for both animal and human infection and provides a very significant pathway for pathogen recontamination in the environment. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1618-0240 J9 ENG LIFE SCI JI Eng. Life Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 6 BP 566 EP 572 DI 10.1002/elsc.200620157 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 117GM UT WOS:000242861100005 ER PT J AU Pinero, JC Jacome, I Vargas, R Prokopy, RJ AF Pinero, Jaime C. Jacome, Isabel Vargas, Roger Prokopy, Ronald J. TI Response of female melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, to host-associated visual and olfactory stimuli SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tephritidae; traps; color; host volatiles; female monitoring; behavior ID APPLE MAGGOT FLIES; PSYTTALIA-FLETCHERI HYMENOPTERA; TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLIES; CULTURED DACUS-OLEAE; DIPTERA-TEPHRITIDAE; BEHAVIORAL-CONTROL; MCPHAIL TRAPS; SPHERES; COLOR; WILD AB In a series of studies conducted in Hawaii under seminatural conditions, we quantified the response of sexually mature, host-seeking female melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to different types of visual and chemical host-associated stimuli with the main aim of developing a monitoring device for females. Experiments were conducted using Tangletrap-coated fruit mimics of either spherical (8 cm diameter) or cylindrical (4.3 cm diameter; 15 cm length) shapes coated with different artificial color pigments both at the ground level and at the tree-canopy level so as to take into account the foraging behavior of adult melon flies. Females were particularly attracted to objects of spherical shape colored either yellow, white, or orange; these three pigments offered the highest reflectance values. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (Cucurbitaceae) odor was more attractive to females than odors of three other cultivated host fruit [zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L. var. medullosa Alef. (Cucurbitaceae); papaya, Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae); or tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae)] or of ivy gourd [Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae)], one of the major wild hosts of melon fly in Hawaii. A combination of both visual and olfactory stimuli was needed to elicit high levels of response compared to each stimulus offered alone. We discuss our results in relation to the potential implementation of improved female monitoring and/or attract-and-kill strategies for melon flies in Hawaii. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Pinero, JC (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Plant Sci, Schmelzbergstr 9-LFO, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM jaime.pinero@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch NR 43 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 121 IS 3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1570-8703.2006.00485.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 104JG UT WOS:000241954100009 ER PT J AU Sinisterra, XH Shatters, RG Hunter, WB Powell, CA McKenzie, CL AF Sinisterra, X. H. Shatters, R. G., Jr. Hunter, W. B. Powell, C. A. McKenzie, C. L. TI Longevity of ingested mRNA transcripts in the gut of a homopteran (Bemisia tabaci): avoiding experimental artifacts SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE biotype B; Bemisia argentifolii; whitefly; digestion; retention; tomato yellow leaf curl virus; feeding; transmission; Aleyrodidae ID LEAF CURL VIRUS; TRANSMISSION PATHWAY; ALEYRODIDAE; TOMATO; GEMINIVIRUSES; WHITEFLIES; HEMIPTERA; GENNADIUS; VECTOR C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Shatters, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM rshatters@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 121 IS 3 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1111/j.1570-8703.2006.00473.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 104JG UT WOS:000241954100011 ER PT J AU Heath, RR Teal, PEA Epsky, ND Dueben, BD Hight, SD Bloem, S Carpenter, JE Weissling, TJ Kendra, PE Cibrian-Tovar, J Bloem, KA AF Heath, Robert R. Teal, Peter E. A. Epsky, Nancy D. Dueben, Barbara D. Hight, Stephen D. Bloem, Stephanie Carpenter, James E. Weissling, Thomas J. Kendra, Paul E. Cibrian-Tovar, Juan Bloem, Kenneth A. TI Pheromone-based attractant-for males of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone; field trapping; lure; gland extracts; olfactometer ID SEX-PHEROMONE; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; BEET ARMYWORM; IDENTIFICATION; NOCTUIDAE; RELEASE; MOTH; COMPONENTS; AMERICA; FEMALES AB The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), is an invasive pest of Opuntia spp. Since its arrival in the Florida Keys in 1989, it has moved rapidly up the east and west coasts of Florida, threatening to invade the southwestern United States and Mexico. Female moths produce a sex pheromone that attracts male moths. In this study, we report on mating behavior observed in the laboratory and the identification of putative pheromonal chemical components based on mass spectral analysis of volatiles collected from virgin female moths and from solvent extraction of excised glands. Three candidate components, formulated on rubber septa in different release rates and ratios, were tested in laboratory olfactometer and flight tunnel experiments, and in field tests in areas with known feral populations of cactus moths. Lures formulated with the three-component blend of 54% (Z,E) -9,12 tetradecadien-l-ol acetate, 42% (Z,E)-9,12 tetradecadien-l-ol, and 4% (Z)-9- tetradecen-l-ol acetate were the most effective, although changes in the ratio of these components had little effect on lure efficacy. For field deployment, traps baited with synthetic lures with a 1 mg load of the three component blend captured equal or higher numbers of males than traps baited with two virgin females. Trapping systems using this pheromone-based attractant will be useful for population delineation in areas currently infested. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 33158 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Colegio Postgrad, IFIT, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. RP Heath, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM rheath@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1469 EP 1476 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1469:PAFMOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 115ZS UT WOS:000242772900002 ER PT J AU Weaver, DK Opit, GP Mason, LJ Throne, JE AF Weaver, D. K. Opit, G. P. Mason, L. J. Throne, J. E. TI Gravimetric method for determining stage of an obligate internally feeding stored-product insect pest, the cowpea weevil SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE staging insects; Callosobruchus maculatus; cowpeas; development stages; stored-product insects ID WHEAT AB We conducted two experiments to develop a gravimetric method for determining the stadia of Callosobruchus maculatus developing in cowpeas. An important step was to develop regression equations for predicting weight changes in uninfested cowpeas to correct for changes that occur in weight as a result of changing environmental conditions, such as temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. This was vital because we needed to have a way of determining weight changes in infested peas that were caused by the insects developing within them; even the weight of uninfested peas changed over the course of the experiments. The observed weight of each infested pea was corrected based on the proportion weight change in uninfested peas each time weighing was done to get an estimate of the cumulative change in weight caused by the presence of the insect. For each infested pea, cumulative change in weight was plotted against time, and plots were analyzed to determine whether a pattern existed that could be used to consistently distinguish stadia. In the second experiment we used an ultrasonic detector to validate results from the gravimetric method. We found that the gravimetric method provided accurate information on duration of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of C. maculatus; however, the gravimetric method could not reliably distinguish the four larval stages of C. maculatus. Our paper also discusses practical applications of the gravimetric method for determining the stadia of internally feeding insects in the context of the current and previous research. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM george.opit@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1490 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1483:GMFDSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 115ZS UT WOS:000242772900004 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Kelly, JF Finch, DM AF Smith, D. Max Kelly, Jeffrey F. Finch, Deborah M. TI Influences of disturbance and vegetation on abundance of native and exotic detritivores in a southwestern riparian forest SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detritivores; flood; Middle Rio Grande; riparian vegetation; wildfire ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; FOOD; COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; USA AB Detritivores play important roles in energy and nutrient How in riparian ecosystems. Endemic crickets (Gryllus alogus Rehn) and exotic isopods (Armadillidium vulagare Latreille and Porcellio laevi Latreille.) are abundant detritivores in riparian forest floors of central New Mexico. To determine how disturbance history affects the abundance of these detritivores, we installed pitfall traps in plots that had flooded, burned, or had no recent disturbance. We also measured vegetation composition to examine the relationship between plant community composition and detritivore abundance. Crickets were most abundant in the two plots that had flooded but were rare in recently burned, nonflooded plots. Isopods were most abundant in a wildfire plot with high vegetation density and mesic conditions but were also abundant in unburned plots. Isopods were rare in the plots that had recently burned or had flooded. Multiple regression model selection results suggest that cricket abundance is best explained by plot-related variables and is partly explained by recent disturbance history. Isopod abundance was best explained by disturbance history and vegetation characteristics. Cricket abundance was positively associated with flooding while isopod abundance was positively associated with vegetation density and fire and negatively associated with flooding and exotic salt-cedar. These results show that flooding can lessen the negative impact of wildfire on native detritivores and reduce the abundance of exotic species. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, 111 E Chesapeake St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jkelly@ou.edu RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015; Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990; Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1525 EP 1531 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1525:IODAVO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 115ZS UT WOS:000242772900009 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Fisher, J AF Knight, Alan L. Fisher, Joan TI Increased catch of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in semiochemical-baited orange plastic delta-shaped traps SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; Cydia pomonella; traps; monitoring ID LASPEYRESIA-POMONELLA; APPLE ORCHARDS; PEAR ESTER; PHEROMONE; OLETHREUTIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; NONSTICKY; CAPTURE; STICKY; COLOR AB Studies were conducted in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen), to evaluate the attractiveness of semiochemical-baited orange plastic versus the standard white plastic delta-shaped sticky trap in capturing adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. Initial field tests showed that both orange- and green-painted sex pheromone-baited traps caught more male codling moths than the unpainted white trap. An orange plastic trap caught a similar number of moths as the orange painted trap. The orange plastic trap caught significantly more moths in field tests than either a solid white plastic trap or a white plastic trap with an orange logo covering 25% of the surface of the trap. Trap. color and light level (2.0 versus 6.0 lux) significantly impacted the proportion of male moths contacting and subsequently caught in sex pheromone-baited traps in a flight tunnel. A significantly higher proportion of moths flew directly into versus landing on the outside of orange than white traps. Capture of male moths flying into traps was reduced under the higher light level. Trap color did not influence the catch of female codling moths in traps baited with a combination of sex pheromone and pear ester in field tests or in traps baited with pear ester in the flight tunnel. The capture of female moths was reduced in the flight tunnel at the higher light level. We hypothesize that this effect of trap color on the capture of male codling moth is caused by both the lower overall reflectance and the absence of reflectance at wavelengths < 560 nm in orange versus white traps. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yul.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1597 EP 1602 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1597:ICOCML]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 115ZS UT WOS:000242772900018 ER PT J AU Blackmer, JL Hagler, JR Simmons, GS Henneberry, TJ AF Blackmer, J. L. Hagler, J. R. Simmons, G. S. Henneberry, T. J. TI Dispersal of Homalodisca vitripennis (Homoptera : Cicacellidae) from a point release site in citrus SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca coagulata; IgG protein markers; fluorescent dust; mark-release-recapture; diffusion model ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LEAFHOPPER VECTORS; PIERCES DISEASE; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; CICADELLIDAE; HEMIPTERA; COAGULATA; MOVEMENT; PREFERENCE AB The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is an important vector of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., a bacterium that has caused substantial losses in the viticulture and ornamental industries in California. Area-wide management programs have been implemented to reduce vector populations and limit the spread of this disease. However, there is still a lack of information on the factors that influence this insect's movement within and between host crops. In this study, we used mark-release-recapture (MRR) to examine the dispersal of H. vitripennis in a mature orange grove, Citrus sinensis Osbeck. Insects were doubly marked with chicken or rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) proteins and fluorescent dusts to enable monitoring over several weeks. Our objectives were to examine the reliability of IgG protein markers relative to fluorescent dusts, determine how sharpshooter movement differed in this landscape relative to a previous study, and develop a better understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors that could influence sharpshooter dispersal. Linear regressions of recapture data with a diffusion model provided significant fits to the data in five of six releases. Recapture data were fitted to a diffusion model, and based on parameters generated with the model, estimated dispersal distances for H. vitripennis at 72 h showed 50 and 99% remained within annuli of 31 and 150 m from the release site, respectively. Flight activity was greatest between 1000 and 1400 hours, and no flights occurred between 2200 and 0600 hours. Only temperature explained a significant amount of the variability in recapture of H. vitripennis, with sharpshooters rarely trapped below 18 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Blackmer, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1617 EP 1625 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1617:DOHVHC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 115ZS UT WOS:000242772900021 ER PT J AU Vasanthakumar, A Delalibera, I Handelsman, J Klepzig, KD Schloss, PD Raffa, KF AF Vasanthakumar, Archana Delalibera, Italo, Jr. Handelsman, Jo Klepzig, Kier D. Schloss, Patrick D. Raffa, Kenneth F. TI Characterization of gut-associated bacteria in larvae and adults of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; gut microbiota; 16S ribosomal RNA; rarefaction analysis; distance-based operational taxonomic unit and richness determination ID BARK BEETLES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; HOST SELECTION; IPS-PINI; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; DIVERSITY AB We report the first study of gut-associated bacteria of bark beetles using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. These insects are major pests of pine trees but also contribute to important ecological functions such as nutrient cycling. We found members of the alpha-and gamma-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in larvae of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Sequences from three larval guts were grouped into one to three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 3% difference among sequences. Communities in adult southern pine beetle guts consisted solely of members of the gamma-Proteobacteria. These could be grouped into three to five OTUs at 3% difference between sequences. These gut communities have relatively low species richness, which may reflect the specialization needed to exploit a nutrient-poor food source, colonize a chemically complex habitat, and maintain consistent associations with mutualistic fungi. However, there is considerable variation in gut microbiota composition among individual insects, suggesting the need for additional studies on sources of variation and potential substitutability among species performing similar functions. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Vasanthakumar, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 1630 Linden Dr,345 Rissell Labs, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ava@entoinology.wise.edu RI Delalibera Jr., Italo/D-6186-2012 OI Delalibera Jr., Italo/0000-0001-9770-9216 NR 64 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1710 EP 1717 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2006)35[1710:COGBIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 115ZS UT WOS:000242772900032 ER PT J AU Suzuki, MR Hunt, CG Houtman, CJ Dalebroux, ZD Hammel, KE AF Suzuki, Melissa R. Hunt, Christopher G. Houtman, Carl J. Dalebroux, Zachary D. Hammel, Kenneth E. TI Fungal hydroquinones contribute to brown rot of wood SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; soil carbon; humus; boreal forests ID BASIDIOMYCETE GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; EXTRACELLULAR FENTON CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; CELLULOSE; STRIATUM; RADICALS; ACID AB The fungi that cause brown rot of wood initiate lignocellulose breakdown with an extracellular Fenton system in which Fe2+ and H2O2 react to produce hydroxyl radicals (.OH), which then oxidize and cleave the wood holocellulose. One such fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum, drives Fenton chemistry on defined media by reducing Fe3+ and O-2 with two extracellular hydroquinones, 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone (2,5-DMHQ) and 4,5-dimethoxycatechol (4,5-DMC). However, it has never been shown that the hydroquinones contribute to brown rot of wood. We grew G. trabeum on spruce blocks and found that 2,5-DMHQ and 4,5-DMC were each present in the aqueous phase at concentrations near 20 mu M after 1 week. We determined rate constants for the reactions of 2,5-DMHQ and 4,5-DMC with the Fe3+-oxalate complexes that predominate in wood undergoing brown rot, finding them to be 43 l mol(-1) s(-1) and 65 l mol(-1) s(-1) respectively. Using these values, we estimated that the average amount of hydroquinone-driven .OH production during the first week of decay was 11.5 mu mol g(-1) dry weight of wood. Viscometry of the degraded wood holocellulose coupled with computer modelling showed that a number of the same general magnitude, 41.2 mu mol oxidations per gram, was required to account for the depolymerization that occurred in the first week. Moreover, the decrease in holocellulose viscosity was correlated with the measured concentrations of hydroquinones. Therefore, hydroquinone-driven Fenton chemistry is one component of the biodegradative arsenal that G. trabeum expresses on wood. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012; Hunt, Christopher/D-6339-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; Hunt, Christopher/0000-0002-4799-7085 NR 48 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 12 BP 2214 EP 2223 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01160.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 104IY UT WOS:000241953300017 PM 17107562 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE Berryman, RD AF Booth, D. Terrance Cox, Samuel E. Berryman, Robert D. TI Point sampling digital imagery with "SamplePoint' SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE cover measurement; ground cover; image analysis; point frame; sampling ID COLOR APPEARANCE; GROUND COVER; GRASSLANDS; VEGETATION; QUADRATS; PLOTS AB Measuring percent occurrence of objects from digital images can save time and expense relative to conventional field measurements. However, the accuracy of image analysis had, until now, not reached the level of the best conventional field measurements. Additionally, most image-analysis software programs require advanced user training to successfully analyze images. Here we present a new software program, 'SamplePoint,' that provides the user a single-pixel sample point and the ability to view and identify the pixel context. We found SamplePoint to allow accuracy comparable with the most accurate field-methods for ground-cover measurements. Expert use of the program requires minimal training and its ease of use allows rapid measurements from image data. We recommend SamplePoint for calibrating the threshold-detection level of image-analysis software or for making direct measurements of percent occurrence from digital images. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Terry.Booth@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9164-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110EK UT WOS:000242360900007 PM 17109183 ER PT J AU Englin, J Holmes, T Niell, R AF Englin, Jeffrey Holmes, Thomas Niell, Rebecca TI Alternative models of recreational off-highway vehicle site demand SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE incomplete demand system; integrability; off-road vehicle; travel cost ID SYSTEMS AB A controversial recreation activity is off-highway vehicle use. Off-highway vehicle use is controversial because it is incompatible with most other activities and is extremely hard on natural eco-systems. This study estimates utility theoretic incomplete demand systems for four off-highway vehicle sites. Since two sets of restrictions are equally consistent with utility theory both are imposed and the best fitting restrictions are identified using Voung's non-nested testing scheme. The demand system is modeled using both Poisson and negative binomial II distributions. Data are provided by a survey conducted at four recreational off-highway vehicle (OHV) sites in western North Carolina. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Englin, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM ENGLIN@UNR.EDU NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s10640-006-9017-z PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124IY UT WOS:000243362700003 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR Geis, SW Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP AF Corsi, Steven R. Geis, Steven W. Loyo-Rosales, Jorge E. Rice, Clifford P. TI Aquatic toxicity of nine aircraft deicer and anti-icer formulations and relative toxicity of additive package ingredients alkylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITCHELL-INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; RUNWAY DEICERS; DEICING FLUIDS; STORM WATER; NONYLPHENOL; INHIBITION; COMPONENTS; MILWAUKEE AB Characterization of the effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on aquatic organisms in receiving streams is a complex issue because the identities of numerous toxic additives are proprietary and not publicly available. Most potentially toxic and endocrine disrupting effects caused by ADAF are due to the numerous additive package ingredients which vary among manufacturers and types of ADAF formulation. Toxicity investigations of nine ADAF formulations indicate that endpoint concentrations for formulations of different manufacturers are widely variable. Type IV ADAF (anti-icers) are more toxic than Type I (deicers) for the four organisms tested (Vibrio fischeri, Pimephales promelas, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Selenastrum capricornutum). Acute toxicity endpoint concentrations ranged from 347 to 7700 mg/L as ADAF for Type IV and from 1550 to 45 100 mg/L for Type I formulations. Chronic endpoint concentrations ranged from 70 to 1300 mg/L for Type IV and from 37 to 18 400 mg/L for Type I formulations. Alkylphenol ethoxylates and tolyltriazoles are two known classes of additives. Nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates, octylphenol, octylphenol ethoxylates, and 4,5methyl-1H-benzotriazoles were quantified in the nine ADAF formulations, and toxicity tests were conducted with nonylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles. Toxicity units computed for glycol and these additives, with respect to toxicity of the ADAF formulations, indicate that a portion of ADAF toxicity can be explained by the known additives and glycols, but much of the toxicity is due to unidentified additives. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 23 BP 7409 EP 7415 DI 10.1021/es0603608 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110GT UT WOS:000242367100049 PM 17180996 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB AF Kinraide, Thomas B. TI Plasma membrane surface potential (psi(PM)) as a determinant of ion bioavailability: A critical analysis of new and published toxicological studies and a simplified method for the computation of plant psi(PM) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; biotic ligand model; electrical potential; plasma membrane; toxicology ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; ACUTE COPPER TOXICITY; CELL-SURFACE; ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS; ROOT ELONGATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; RHIZOTOXICITY; WHEAT; MAGNESIUM AB Plasma membranes (PMs) are negatively charged, and this creates a negative PM surface electrical potential (Psi(PM)) that is also controlled by the ionic composition of the bathing medium. The Psi(PM) pm controls the distribution of ions between the PM surface and the medium so that negative potentials increase the surface activity of cations and decrease the surface activity of anions. All cations reduce the negativity of and these common ions are effective in the following order: Al3+ > H+ > Cu2+ > Ca2+ Mg2+ > Na+ approximate to K+. These ions, especially H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, are known to reduce the uptake and biotic effectiveness of cations and to have the opposite effects on anions. Toxicologists commonly interpret the interactions between toxic cations (commonly metals) and ameliorative cations (commonly H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) as competitions for binding sites at a PM surface ligand. The Psi(PM) is rarely considered in this biotic ligand model, which incorporates the free ion activity model. The thesis of this article is that Psi(PM) effects are likely to be more important to bioavailability than site-specific competition. Furthermore,, effects could give the false appearance of competition even when it does not occur. The electrostatic approach can account for the bioavailability of anions, whereas the biotic ligand model cannot, and it can account for interactions among cations when competition does not occur. Finally, a simplified procedure is presented for the computation of Psi(PM) for plants, and the possible use of pm in a general assessment of the bioavailability of ions is considered. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.kinraide@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 19 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 12 BP 3188 EP 3198 DI 10.1897/06-103R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 105RM UT WOS:000242050000014 PM 17220088 ER PT J AU McDonald, PS Holsman, KK Beauchamp, DA Dumbauld, BR Armstrong, DA AF McDonald, P. Sean Holsman, Kirstin K. Beauchamp, David A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Armstrong, David A. TI Bioenergetics Modeling to investigate habitat use by the nonindigenous crab, Carcinus maenas, in Willapa Bay, Washington SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN GREEN CRAB; UNDERWATER TELEVISION OBSERVATIONS; SUBADULT DUNGENESS CRAB; CANCER-MAGISTER DANA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; 2 COLOR FORMS; SHORE CRAB; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; INTERTIDAL MIGRATION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION AB A bioenergetics model was developed and applied to questions of habitat use and migration behavior of nonindigenous European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. The model was parameterized using existing data from published studies on the ecology and physiology of C. maenas and allied brachyuran crabs. Simulations of the model were run describing four scenarios of habitat use and behavior during a 214-d simulation period (April-October) including crabs occupying mid littoral habitat, high littoral habitat, sublittoral habitat, and sublittoral habitat but undertaking intertidal migrations. Monthly trapping was done along an intertidal gradient in Willapa Bay to determine the actual distribution of crabs for the same time interval as the simulation period, and model results were compared to the observed pattern. Model estimates suggest no intrinsic energetic incentive for crabs to occupy littoral habitats since metabolic costs were c. 6% higher for these individuals than their sublittoral counterparts. Crabs in the littoral simulations were also less efficient than sublittoral crabs at converting consumed energy into growth. Monthly trapping revealed that C. maenas are found predominantly in mid littoral habitats of Willapa Bay and there is no evidence of resident sublittoral populations. The discrepancy intimates the significance of other factors, including interspecific interactions, that are not incorporated into the model but nonetheless increase metabolic demand. Agonistic encounters with native Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) may be chief among these additional costs, and C maenas may largely avoid interactions by remaining in littoral habitats neglected by native crabs, such as meadows of nonindigenous smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Adult C. maenas in Willapa Bay may occupy tidal elevations that minimize such encounters, and metabolic costs, while simultaneously maximizing submersion time and foraging opportunities. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP McDonald, PS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM psean@u.washington.edu NR 90 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6B BP 1132 EP 1149 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200JO UT WOS:000248759900006 ER PT J AU Cruz, VMV Nason, JD Luhman, R Marek, LF Shoemaker, RC Brummer, EC Gardner, CAC AF Cruz, Von Mark V. Nason, John D. Luhman, Richard Marek, Laura F. Shoemaker, Randy C. Brummer, E. Charles Gardner, Candice A. C. TI Analysis of bulked and redundant accessions of Brassica germplasm using assignment tests of microsatellite markers SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Brassica; duplicate; individual assignment; genetic resources; SSRs; rapeseed; rationalization AB This study was conducted to determine if Brassica germplasm bulks created and maintained by the USDA-ARS North Central Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS) were made with genetically indistinguishable component accessions and to examine newly identified putative duplicate accessions to determine if they can be bulked. Using ten microsatellite primer pairs, we genotyped two bulks of B. rapa L. ssp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt comprising four accessions and three bulks of B. rapa L. ssp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt comprising fourteen accessions, as well as four pairs of putatively duplicate accessions of B. napus L. Assignment tests on ten individual plants per accession were conducted using a model-based clustering method to arrive at probabilities of likelihood of accession assignment. The assignment tests indicated that one of the two bulks of B. rapa ssp. dichotoma involves genetically heterogeneous accessions. It was observed in the B. rapa ssp. trilocularis bulks that the component accessions could be differentiated into groups, with misassignments observed most frequent within groups. In B. napus, only one of the four pairs of putative duplicates showed significant genetic differentiation. The other three pairs of putative duplicates lack differences and support the creation of bulks. The results of the assignment tests were in agreement with cluster analyses and tests of population differentiation. Implications of these results in terms of germplasm management include the maintenance and/or re-creation of some Brassica germplasm bulks by excluding those accessions identified as being unique in this study. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Introduct Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gardner, CAC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gardnerc@iastate.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2006 VL 152 IS 3 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9221-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 113OI UT WOS:000242606800004 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Perez, E Horner, HT Hanlin, SJ Palmer, RG AF Ortiz-Perez, E. Horner, H. T. Hanlin, S. J. Palmer, R. G. TI Insect-mediated seed-set evaluation of 21 soybean lines segregating for male sterility at 10 different loci SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE soybean; male sterility; pollinator; seed-set ID MAX L MERR; POLLEN MOVEMENT; MS1 LOCUS; GENETICS; CYTOLOGY; POLLINATION; MUTATIONS; MUTANTS AB The first requirement to establish a successful hybrid soybean program is the availability of a stable male-sterile, female-fertile system. Male sterility has been an important tool in soybean breeding programs to improve traits such as yield, seed-protein and seed-oil content, and seed size. However, improvement of seed-set per se on male-sterile plants has not been an important breeding objective. The evaluation of the out-crossing potential of the available male-sterile, female-fertile soybean lines is crucial to determine the future of hybrid soybean. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed-set among 21 soybean lines segregating for male sterility at 10 different loci using Megachile rotundata as insect pollinator. Seed-set was evaluated in field conditions in 2001, 2002, and 2003 near Ames, Iowa. Our results indicated significant differences in seed-set among male-sterile lines. The effects of maturity group, pubescence color, the locus and/or the allele, and the genetic background of the lines segregating for male sterility were significant. Differences for seed-set among lines with independent mutational events at the same locus, (i.e. different alleles), also were significant. These results imply that interaction effects with the genetic background of the lines for traits related to fertility/sterility and insect-pollinator attraction and reward are important. Flower color had little effect on seed-set in the evaluated lines. The effect of year was very important on the performance of the lines for seed-set. This suggested that environmental conditions that favor plant-pollinator relationships need to be determined in order to increase insect-mediated cross-pollination to develop an efficient hybrid soybean program. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Bessey Microscopy Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ortiz-Perez, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM evelyn6@iastate.edu NR 38 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2006 VL 152 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9222-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 113OI UT WOS:000242606800005 ER PT J AU Yiannakouris, N Trichopoulou, A Benetou, V Psaltopoulou, T Ordovas, JM Trichopoulos, D AF Yiannakouris, Nikos Trichopoulou, Antonia Benetou, Vassiliki Psaltopoulou, Theodora Ordovas, Jose M. Trichopoulos, Dimitrios TI A direct assessment of genetic contribution to the incidence of coronary infarct in the general population Greek EPIC cohort SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary heart disease; coronary infarct; genetic predisposition; polymorphisms; score ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ARTERY-DISEASE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; POLYMORPHISM; RISK; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION AB To estimate the fraction of the incidence of coronary infarct attributable to the combined action of common genetic polymorphisms likely to be related to this condition, we conducted a case-control study nested within the Greek component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. A total of 202 cases with a new, medically confirmed coronary infarct and 197 controls who had not developed an infarct by the time the corresponding case was diagnosed, were identified. A simple a priori score, relying on a total of 11 genetic polymorphisms was developed. Each polymorphism contributed 1 unit if the subject was homozygous for the high-risk allele, 0.5 units if the subject was heterozygous and 0 units if the subject was homozygous for the low-risk allele. Cases were over-represented in the presumed high genetic risk score values (chi square for trend = 10.18; p = 0.0014). The odds ratio to develop coronary infarct was 1.55 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-2.37) for score >= 3.0, and 2.02 (1.31-3.11) for score >= 3.5. In both instances the population fraction of the disease attributable to genetic predisposition exceeded 22%. Assuming a prior probability of at least 0.10 for the score to be predictive of coronary infarct risk, our findings are more likely than not to be truly positive. Our results, based on a simple score integrating the additive impact of 11 genetic polymorphisms, indicate that genetic predisposition accounts for a considerable fraction of the incidence of coronary infarct in the community. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harokopio Univ, Athens, Greece. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Trichopoulos, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dtrichop@hsph.harvard.edu OI Psaltopoulou, Theodora/0000-0002-1404-9716; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 12 BP 859 EP 867 DI 10.1007/s10654-006-9070-5 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 131XH UT WOS:000243905100003 PM 17119879 ER PT J AU Ipek, A Masson, P Simon, PW AF Ipek, A. Masson, P. Simon, P. W. TI Genetic transformation of an Ac/Ds-based transposon tagging system in carrot (Daucus carota L.) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium; gene cloning; mutagenesis; tissue culture ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ELEMENT ACTIVATOR; MAIZE; AC; EXCISION; TOBACCO; PLANTS; CELLS; CULTURES; MARKER AB Maize transposable elements, Activator (Ac) and Dissociation (Ds) have been transformed into several heterologous plant species and they have been successfully used to tag and clone genes in Arabidopsis, flax, petunia, tobacco, and tomato. To investigate the possibility of transposon tagging for subsequent cloning of carrot genes, carrot calli were transformed with a modified maize transposable element Activator-transposase (Ac-TPase) and Ds using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Ds excision was observed in the tissue culture-regenerated plants carrying both Ac-TPase and Ds. Analysis of Ds footprints in six plants demonstrated the occurrence of small deletions at the donor site. Reinsertion of Ds into new chromosomal sites was detected in the transgenic plants analysed and the analysis of sequences flanking Ds at the insertion sites using TAIL-PCR demonstrated that 37.5% of Ds insertions were into gene regions in the carrot genome. Although previous studies suggested that the autonomous Ac element may not be a suitable transposon for insertional mutagenesis in carrot, our results deduced that the Ac/Ds based two-element transposon tagging system can be another tool to mutagenise the carrot genome for the purpose of cloning carrot genes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetabe Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ipek, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM maipek@uludag.edu.tr NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 700561 WOLLGRASWEG 41, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1611-4426 J9 EUR J HORTIC SCI JI Eur. J. Hortic. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 122JF UT WOS:000243221400003 ER PT J AU Kanga, LHB Jones, WA Gracia, C AF Kanga, Lambert H. B. Jones, Walker A. Gracia, Carlos TI Efficacy of strips coated with Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Varroa destructor (Acari : Varroidae) in honey bee colonies in Texas and Florida SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; Metarhizium anisopliae; Conidia; strips; biological control ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; POTENTIAL CONTROL; JACOBSONI ACARI; CONTROL AGENTS; APIDAE; RESISTANCE; MITES AB Strips coated with conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff; Deuteromycetes: Hyphomycetes) to control the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) in colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were compared against the miticide, tau-fluvalinate (Apistan (R)) in field trials in Texas and Florida (USA). Apistan and the fungal treatments resulted in successful control of mite populations in both locations. At the end of the 42-day period of the experiment in Texas, the number of mites per bee was reduced by 69-fold in bee hives treated with Apistan and 25-fold in hives treated with the fungus; however mite infestations increased by 1.3-fold in the control bee hives. Similarly, the number of mites in sealed brood was 13-fold and 3.6-fold higher in the control bee hives than in those treated with Apistan and with the fungus, respectively. Like the miticide Apistan, the fungal treatments provided a significant reduction of mite populations at the end of the experimental period. The data from the broodless colonies treated with the fungus indicated that optimum mite control could be achieved when no brood is being produced, or when brood production is low, such as in the early spring or late fall. In established colonies in Florida, honey bee colony development did not increase under either Apistan or fungal treatments at the end of the experimental period, suggesting that other factors (queen health, food source, food availability) play some major role in the growth of bee colonies. Overall, microbial control of Varroa mites with fungal pathogens could be a useful component of an integrated pest management program for the honey bee industry. C1 Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 Montpellier, France. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Kanga, LHB (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, 406 Perry Paige Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM lambert.kanga@famu.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10493-006-9033-2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 132SX UT WOS:000243963600008 PM 17203363 ER PT J AU Fernandes, AF Guo, WM Zhang, XY Gallagher, M Ivan, M Taylor, A Pereira, P Shang, F AF Fernandes, Alexandre F. Guo, Weimin Zhang, Xinyu Gallagher, Matthew Ivan, Mircea Taylor, Allen Pereira, Paulo Shang, Fu TI Proteasome-dependent regulation of signal transduction in retinal pigment epithelial cells SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age-related macular degeneration; angiogenesis; signal transduction; retinal pigment epithelium; ubiquitin; proteasome; hypoxia-inducible factor; vascular endothelial growth factor; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ID MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; NF-KAPPA-B; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES; MACULAR DEGENERATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; DAMAGED PROTEINS; S-PROTEASOME AB As in many other types of cells, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have an active ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). However, the function of the UPP in RPE remains to be elucidated. The objective of this study is to determine the role of the UPP in controlling the levels and activities of transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and NF-kappa B. We inhibited the UPP with proteasome-specific inhibitors and determined the activation of HIF and NF-kappa B as well as the expression and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors. HIF-1 alpha was not detectable in ARPE-19 cells under normal culture conditions. However, when proteasome activity was inhibited, HIF-1 alpha accumulated in RPE in a time-dependent manner. Consistent with accumulation of HIF-1 alpha in the cells, levels of mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in RPE were up to 7-fold higher upon inhibition of the proteasome. Proteasome inhibition was also associated with a 2-fold increase in levels of mRNA for angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). ARPE-19 cells secrete significant levels of VEGF under normal culture conditions. Inhibition of proteasome activity increased the secretion of VEGF by 2-fold. In contrast to the increase in HIF activity, NF-kappa B activation was reduced by proteasome inhibition. In addition, the expression and secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by RPE were substantially attenuated by the inhibition of proteasome activity. These data demonstrate that the UPP plays an important role in modulating the activities of HIF and NF-kappa B in the RPE. Consequences of an impairment of the UPP include accumulation of HIF-1 alpha and diminished NF-kappa B activation, which lead to enhanced expression and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors and attenuated expression of MCP-1. Taken together, these data predict that the impairment of the UPP could lead to the development of AMD-related phenotypes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, IBILI, Ctr Ophthalmol, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Mol Oncol Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009; Ivan, Mircea/A-8109-2012; OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0002-9908-2290 FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY011717, R29 EY011717, R01 EY013250, R01 EY011717-07, R01 EY011717-08, EY 13250, EY 11717, R01 EY011717-09] NR 65 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1472 EP 1481 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2006.07.024 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 109IF UT WOS:000242300700021 PM 17027001 ER PT J AU Xavier, BM Russell, JB AF Xavier, Bruno M. Russell, James B. TI Bacterial competition between a bacteriocin-producing and a bacteriocin-negative strain of Streptococcus bovis in batch and continuous culture SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus bovis; bacteriocins; bovicin HC5; bacterial competition ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; HC5; CATTLE; RUMEN; INHIBITION AB A bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus bovis strain (HC5) outcompeted a sensitive strain (JB1) before it reached stationary phase (pH 6.4), even though it grew 10% slower and cell-free bovicin HC5 could not yet be detected. The success of bacteriocin-negative S. bovis isolates was enhanced by the presence of another sensitive bacterium (Clostridium sticklandii SR). PCR based on repetitive DNA sequences indicated that S. bovis HC5 was not simply transferring bacteriocin genes to S. bovis JB1. When the two S. bovis strains were coinoculated into minimal medium, bacteriocin-negative isolates predominated, and this effect could be explained by the longer lag time (0.5 vs. 1.5 h) of S. bovis HC5. If the glucose concentration of the minimal medium was increased from 2 to 7 mg mL(-1), the effect of lag time was diminished and bacteriocin-producing isolates once again dominated the coculture. When the competition was examined in continuous culture, it became apparent that batch culture inocula were never able to displace a strain that had already reached steady state, even if the inoculum was large. This result indicated that bacterial selection for substrate affinity was even more important than bacteriocin production. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 58 IS 3 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00160.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105FP UT WOS:000242016000001 PM 17117976 ER PT J AU Donovan, DM Lardeo, M Foster-Frey, J AF Donovan, David M. Lardeo, Michelle Foster-Frey, Juli TI Lysis of staphylococcal mastitis pathogens by bacteriophage phi11 endolysin SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcus aureus; coagulase-negative staphylococcus; phi11 endolysin; peptidoglycan hydrolase; antimicrobial ID PEPTIDOGLYCAN HYDROLASE ACTIVITY; SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; LYTIC ENZYMES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BOVINE MASTITIS; AUREUS; EXPRESSION; BACTERIA AB The Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phi11 endolysin has two peptidoglycan hydrolase domains (endopeptidase and amidase) and an SH3b cell wall-binding domain. In turbidity reduction assays, the purified protein can lyse untreated staphylococcal mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (Staphylococcus chronogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus xylosus), making it a strong candidate protein antimicrobial. This lytic activity is maintained at the pH (6.7), and the 'free' calcium concentration (3 mM) of milk. Truncated endolysin-derived proteins containing only the endopeptidase domain also lyse staphylococci in the absence of the SH3b-binding domain. C1 USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, ANRI, Bldg 230,Room 104,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ddonovan@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 44 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 265 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00483.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 103NN UT WOS:000241893800018 PM 17054440 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DA Mizell, RF Shapiro-Ilan, D Cottrell, T Horton, D AF Jenkins, David A. Mizell, Russ F., III Shapiro-Ilan, David Cottrell, Ted Horton, Dan TI Invertebrate predators and parasitoids of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in Georgia and Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Dorymyrmex bureni; Solenopsis invicta; Nealiolus curculionis; Cholomyia inaequipes ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; LARVAE AB The extent of predation and parasitism on larvae of the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was measured independently with several different experimental designs at sites in northern Florida and central Georgia. Experimental manipulation in Monticello, FL, and in Byron, GA, demonstrated equivocal impacts by predation. However, direct observations in Byron, GA, revealed that ants are the dominant invertebrate predators of plum curculio larvae, causing up to 62% mortality. Primary ant predators included Solenopsis invicta (Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Dorymyrmex bureni (Trager) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Predation may be more important later in the season when infested fruit does not abscise and plum curculio larvae must drop to the ground from the trees and spend a considerable time burrowing into the soil. This contrasts with the early season when infested fruit abscise and larvae crawl from the fruit directly into the soil, reducing their exposure to predators. Recorded parasites included Nealiolus curculionis (Fitch) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Cholomyia inaequipes Bigot (Diptera: Tachinidae). Parasitism, particularly by N. curculionis, was common in northern Florida but rare in middle Georgia. C1 USDA ARS, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jenkins, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[435:IPAPOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122EI UT WOS:000243208100002 ER PT J AU Weathersbee, AA Lapointe, SL Shatters, RG AF Weathersbee, A. A., III Lapointe, S. L. Shatters, R. G., Jr. TI Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry; Cyt; endotoxin; citrus ID CITRUS; RESISTANCE; WEEVIL AB A collection of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates plausibly active against coleopteran insects was obtained from the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection. Each isolate was cultured, spores and delta-endotoxin crystals were pelleted by centrifugation and lyophilized, and the resulting product was incorporated in insect diet for testing against Diaprepes abbreviatus neonates. A bioassay method was developed that utilized small amounts of insect diet and B. thuringiensis spores and delta-endotoxin to treat single neonates confined to 0.2-mL clear polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tubes. The method was less expensive in terms of labor and materials as compared to previous methods and reduced control losses due to burrowing and aggressive behaviors of D. abbreviatus larvae confined together. Of 19 B. thuringiensis isolates screened for activity against D. abbreviatus with a discriminating dose of 250 ppm spores and delta-endotoxin on diet, 5 were selected for further evaluation in dose-response experiments. Diaprepes abbreviatus larvae demonstrated a significant dose response to 4 of the 5 isolates tested. The most active isolates were those that expressed CryET33 and CryET34, or Cyt2Ca1 proteins. A wild-type B. thuringiensis strain that expressed Cyt2Ca1 generated the lowest LC50 value (50.7 mu g/ml) and steepest slope (1.11) based on log10 probit analysis of the data. These B. thuringiensis delta-endotoxins may have utility in transgenic approaches to citrus rootstock protection from D. abbreviatus. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Weathersbee, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[441:AOBTIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122EI UT WOS:000243208100003 ER PT J AU Boyd, DW Held, DW AF Boyd, David W., Jr. Held, David W. TI Androthrips ramachandrai (Thysanoptera : Phlaeothripidae): An introduced thrips in the United States SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE predator; invasive species; Gynaikothrips; biotic interference AB Androthrips ramachandrai Karny is an exotic thrips, assumed to be predacious, and is associated with gall-inducing thrips. It was first reported in the U.S. from FL, and intercepted in CA from Thailand in 2002. We surveyed Ficus spp. with Gynaikothrips-induced galls in AL, CA, FL, HI, LA, MS, and TX, and document that A. ramachandrai is now established in CA, FL, HI, and TX. It probably has been spread by the ornamental horticulture industry. We outline its biology and compare it to a congener A. flavipes, a documented thrips predator. Androthrips ramachandrai has the potential to be a beneficial biological control agent and a hindrance to weed biological control. C1 USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. RP Boyd, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM dboyd@ars.usda.gov; david.held@msstate.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[455:ARTPAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122EI UT WOS:000243208100005 ER PT J AU Liu, H Stiling, P Pemberton, RW Pena, J AF Liu, Hong Stiling, Peter Pemberton, Robert W. Pena, Jorge TI Insect herbivore faunal diversity among invasive, non-invasive and native Eugenia species: Implications for the enemy release hypothesis SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; endophagous insect; herbivore fauna; introduced species; invasive species; non-invasive species; oligophagous insects ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; SUCCESS; METAANALYSIS; SPECIALIST; PATHOGENS; ESCAPE; GROWTH; ALIEN AB The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) frequently has been invoked to explain the naturalization and spread of introduced species. One ramification of the ERH is that invasive plants sustain less herbivore pressure than do native species. Empirical studies testing the ERH have mostly involved two-way comparisons between invasive introduced plants and their native counterparts in the invaded region. Testing the ERH would be more meaningful if such studies also included introduced non-invasive species because introduced plants, regardless of their abundance or impact, may support a reduced insect herbivore fauna and experience less damage. In this study, we employed a three-way comparison, in which we compared herbivore faunas among native, introduced invasive, and introduced non-invasive plants in the genus Eugenia (Myrtaceae) which all co-occur in South Florida. We observed a total of 25 insect species in 12 families and 6 orders feeding on the six species of Eugenia. Of these insect species, the majority were native (72%), polyphagous (64%), and ectophagous (68%). We found that invasive introduced Eugenia has a similar level of herbivore richness as both the native and the non-invasive introduced Eugenia. However, the numbers and percentages of oligophagous insect species were greatest on the native Eugenia, but they were not different between the invasive and non-invasive introduced Eugenia. One oligophagous endophagous insect has likely shifted from the native to the invasive, but none to the non-invasive Eugenia. In summary, the invasive Eugenia encountered equal, if not greater, herbivore pressure than the non-invasive Eugenia, including from oligophagous and endophagous herbivores. Our data only provided limited support to the ERH. We would not have been able to draw this conclusion without inclusion of the non-invasive Eugenia species in the study. C1 Univ Florida, FIAS, USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, FIAS, USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM hongliuf@ufl.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 26 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[475:IHFDAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122EI UT WOS:000243208100009 ER PT J AU Welch, CH AF Welch, C. H. TI Intraspecific competition for resources by Ormia depleta (Diptera : Tachinidae) larvae SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Scapteriscus; parasitoid; superparasitism ID GRYLLOTALPIDAE; SCAPTERISCUS; ORTHOPTERA; FLORIDA; SPREAD AB Ormia depleta is a parasitoid of pest mole crickets in the southeastern United States. From 2 to 8 larvae of O. depleta were placed on each of 368 mole cricket hosts and allowed to develop. The weights of the host crickets, number of larvae placed, number of resulting pupae, and the weights of those pupae were all factored to determine optimal parasitoid density per host under laboratory rearing conditions. Based on larval survival and pupal weight, this study indicates that 4-5 larvae per host is optimal for laboratory rearing. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Welch, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 497 EP 501 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[497:ICFRBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122EI UT WOS:000243208100012 ER PT J AU Lynch, C Lambdin, P Grant, J Reardon, R Rhea, R AF Lynch, Christine Lambdin, Paris Grant, Jerome Reardon, Richard Rhea, Rusty TI Survey for potential predators of the elongate hemlock scale in Tennessee and North Carolina SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIORINIA-EXTERNA HOMOPTERA; DIASPIDIDAE C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Lynch, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 527 EP 528 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[527:SFPPOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122EI UT WOS:000243208100019 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Bernier, LS Center, TD AF Pratt, Paul D. Rayamajhi, Min B. Bernier, Lourdes S. Center, Ted D. TI Geographic range expansion of Boreioglycaspis melaleucae (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) to Puerto Rico SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; SOUTH FLORIDA; QUINQUENERVIA; TREE; CURCULIONIDAE; MYRTACEAE; HERBIVORY; FIELD C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Dept Recursos Nat & Ambientales, Puerto Tierra Stn San Juan, San Juan, PR 00906 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 529 EP 531 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[529:GREOBM]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122EI UT WOS:000243208100020 ER PT J AU Pereira, RM Porter, SD AF Pereira, Roberto M. Porter, Sanford D. TI Range expansion of the fire ant decapitating fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis, eight to nine years after releases in North Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PHORIDAE; CURVATUS; DIPTERA; FLIES C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Pereira, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 536 EP 538 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[536:REOTFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 122EI UT WOS:000243208100022 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Garza, C de Onis, M AF Butte, Nancy F. Garza, Cutberto de Onis, Mercedes TI Evaluation of the feasibility of international growth standards for school-aged children and adolescents SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE body-mass index; growth references; height; weight ID BODY-MASS INDEX; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; WEIGHT; HEIGHT; ANTHROPOMETRY; DEFINITIONS; BOYS AB Development of an international growth standard for the screening, surveillance, and monitoring of school-aged children and adolescents has been motivated by two contemporaneous events: the global surge in childhood obesity and the release of a new international growth standard for infants and preschool children by the World Health Organization (WHO). If a prescriptive approach analogous to that taken by WHO for younger children is to be adopted for school-aged children and adolescents, several issues would have to be addressed regarding the universality of growth potential across populations and how to define optimal growth in children and adolescents. A working group concluded that subpopulations exhibit similar patterns of growth when exposed to similar external conditioners of growth. However, on the basis of available data, it cannot be ruled out that some of the observed differences in linear growth across ethnic groups reflect true differences in genetic potential rather than environmental influences. Therefore, the sampling frame for the development of an international growth standard for children and adolescents would have to include multiethnic sampling strategies designed to capture the variation in human growth patterns. A single international growth standard for school-aged children and adolescents could be developed with careful consideration of the population and individual selection criteria, study design, sample size, measurements, and statistical modeling of primary growth and secondary ancillary data. The working group agreed that existing growth references for school-aged children and adolescents have shortcomings, particularly for assessing obesity, and that appropriate growth standards for these age groups should be developed for clinical and public health applications. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. WHO, Dept Nutr Hlth & Dev, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 4 SU 2 BP S169 EP S174 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 122ZP UT WOS:000243266400001 PM 17361654 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Chau, HK Hoagland, PD Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, Marshall L. Chau, Hoa K. Hoagland, Peter D. Hotchkiss, Arland T. TI Microwave-assisted extraction of lime pectin SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article DE lime pectin; microwave; HPSEC; light scattering; viscosity; molar mass; radius of gyration; hydrated radius ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ORANGE ALBEDO AB Pectin was extracted from lime flavedo, albedo and pulp by employing microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) under pressure. Heating times ranged from 1 to 10 min. Optimal time of heating was 3 min. Molar mass, viscosity, radius of gyration and hydrated radius were found to decrease with heating time. At 3 min heating time, depending on the lime fraction which was extracted, weight average molar mass ranged from about 310,000 to 515,000 Da, and weight average intrinsic viscosities ranged from about 9.5 to 13 dL/g. Pectins dissolved in 0.05 sodium nitrate were characterized by HPSEC with online light scattering, dynamic light scattering and viscosity detection. Molar mass polydispersity passed through maximum at 4 min. Molecules of pectin became less compact with increasing heating time. The results obtained here are consistent with previous evidence that extracted pectins may exist in solution as networks, partially formed networks, i.e. branched molecules or linear molecules depending on extraction conditions and the solvent in which they are dissolved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mfishman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1170 EP 1177 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.01.002 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 092GX UT WOS:000241086100008 ER PT J AU Schroeder, CM Latimer, HK Schlosser, WD Golden, NJ Marks, HM Coleman, ME Hogue, AT Ebel, ED Quiring, NM Kadry, ARM Kause, J AF Schroeder, Carl M. Latimer, Heejeong K. Schlosser, Wayne D. Golden, Neal J. Marks, Harry M. Coleman, Margaret E. Hogue, Allan T. Ebel, Eric D. Quiring, Nathan M. Kadry, Abdel-Razak M. Kause, Janell TI Overview and summary of the food safety and inspection service risk assessment for Salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs, October 2005 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLICATION; INFECTIONS; SURVIVAL AB In 1998, the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) and the Food and Drug Administration completed a risk assessment that indicated multiple interventions along the farm-to-table chain were needed to reduce the risk of human illness from Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs. Based on newly available data and improved modeling techniques, FSIS completed an updated risk assessment to examine the effect of pasteurization and refrigeration on reducing human illnesses from S. Enteritidis in shell eggs. The risk assessment model was written in Visual Basic for Applications (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and run using Monte Carlo methods. The model estimated that if all shell eggs produced in the United States were pasteurized for a 3-log(10) reduction of S. Enteritidis, the annual number of illnesses from S. Enteritidis in eggs would decrease from approximately 130,000 to 40,000. Pasteurization for a 5-log(10) reduction of S. Enteritidis was estimated to reduce the annual number of illnesses to 19,000. The model also estimated that if all eggs produced in the United States were stored and held at 7.2 degrees C within 12 hours of lay, the annual number of illnesses from S. Enteritidis in eggs would decrease from 130,000 to 28,000. As a result, rapid cooling and pasteurization of shell eggs were predicted to be highly effective mitigations for reducing illnesses from consumption of S. Enteritidis in shell eggs. C1 Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program & Employee Dev, Direct & Econ Anal Staff, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Schroeder, CM (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment Div, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW,333 Aerosp Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM carl.schroeder@fsis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.403 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 124JA UT WOS:000243362900011 PM 17199522 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Ives, SE Engler, MJ Looper, ML Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. Callaway, Todd R. Ives, Sam E. Engler, Mike J. Looper, Mike L. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Seasonal shedding ruminants of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in a new hypothesis SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; FEEDLOT CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; NURSES HEALTH; DAIRY-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; MELATONIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SALMONELLA; SLAUGHTER AB Seasonal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:147 in ruminants is well documented; however, viable explanations for this phenomenon are lacking. The fecal prevalence of E. coli O157:1-17 in ruminants is the highest in the summer months, decreasing to low or undetectable levels in the winter. To determine if day length is correlated to seasonal shedding, nine reports of E. coli O157:H7 prevalence in cattle were selected for similarity of sampling technique, culture methodology, cattle type, and ability to determine approximate sampling month and location, representing three regions in North America (southern Canada, midwestern United States, and the southern United States/Mexico). Correlation and regression analysis revealed a positive correlation existed between day length (r = 0.67; R(2) = 0.45; P = 0.0009) and, to a lesser extent, ambient temperature (r = 0.43; R(2) = 0.19; P = 0.05) and E. coli O157:1-17 prevalence. Based on these results, a study was conducted in a commercial feedlot to examine the effect of artificial lighting on E. coli O157 prevalence. Four pens of cattle received approximately 5 hours of artificial lighting daily (in addition to the natural light) for 60 days and four pens served as controls. Freshly voided fecal samples (representing approximately 30% of the steers/pen) were collected from the pen floor and cultured for E. coli O157 after 25 and 53 days of artificial lighting and 28 and 43 days following cessation of the lighting treatment. Fecal prevalence of E. coli O157 remained constant in the lighted pens whereas prevalence was lower (P < 0.01) in the control treatment after 53 days of lighting. Forty-three days following cessation of the lighting treatment, prevalence decreased in the lighted treatment group to levels comparable (P > 0.20) to control levels. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the seasonality of this important foodborne pathogen will enable the implementation of effective control strategies when it is most prevalent. C1 ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Cactus Feeders Inc, Amarillo, TX USA. ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 45 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.413 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 124JA UT WOS:000243362900012 PM 17199523 ER PT J AU Sargeant, JM Torrence, ME Rajic, A O'Connor, AM Williams, J AF Sargeant, Jan M. Torrence, Mary E. Rajic, Andrijana O'Connor, Annette M. Williams, Jodi TI Methodological quality assessment of review articles evaluating interventions to improve microbial food safety SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; UNITED-STATES; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; CRITICAL-APPRAISAL; PRODUCTS; POULTRY; MEAT; CONTAMINATION AB Review articles are a means of summarizing the potentially vast volume of research on a topic. However, the methodological quality of review articles varies, and reviews on the same topic may reach different conclusions. We evaluated 65 review articles published between 2000 and 2005 that addressed the effectiveness of microbial food safety interventions, using criteria for methodological soundness developed in the medical field. Overall, the methodological quality of the review articles was poor, with none of the reviews providing information on the method of locating primary research studies or the inclusion/exclusion criteria for selecting primary studies. None of the reviews included a critical appraisal of the methodological quality of the primary studies. Less than half of the reviews stated a focused research question, explored possible reasons for differences in the results of primary studies, discussed the generalizability of results, or proposed directions for future research. There is a need to improve the methodological quality of review articles on microbial food safety interventions if they are to be of use in policy and decision making. C1 McMaster Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, ON, Canada. Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Sargeant, JM (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, 1200 Main St W,Room 2C15, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. EM sargeaj@mcmaster.ca RI O'Connor, Annette/E-5591-2010 OI O'Connor, Annette/0000-0003-0604-7822 NR 89 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.447 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 124JA UT WOS:000243362900016 PM 17199527 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Jung, YS Genovese, KJ McReynolds, JL Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, Robin C. Jung, Yong Soo Genovese, Kenneth J. McReynolds, Jackson L. Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Thomas S. Harvey, Roger B. Nisbet, David J. TI Low level nitrate or nitroethane preconditioning enhances the bactericidal effect of suboptimal experimental chlorate treatment against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium but not Campylobacter in swine SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Allen D Leman Swine Conference CY SEP, 2004 CL St Paul, MN ID IN-VITRO; SODIUM-CHLORATE; REDUCTION; 2-NITROPROPANOL; PATHOGENS AB An experimental chlorate product that targets the respiratory nitrate reductase enzyme of bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli has shown promising results in reducing concentrations of these bacteria in the gut of food animals. Because expression of the target enzyme is induced by nitrate, we administered short-duration, low level nitrate or nitroethane preconditioning treatments to finishing swine to see if these would enhance the ability of an experimental chlorate product to kill these bacteria. Results from these studies showed that preconditioning the gut microflora of swine with low levels of nitrate or nitrocompounds enhanced (more than tenfold) the ability of the chlorate product to kill Salmonella and E. coli, but not Campylobacter. Further studies are needed before these compounds can be fed as feed additives to animals, although it is likely that nitrate preconditioning may be more near to market than the nitrocompounds, which may require more comprehensive review by regulatory authorities. C1 ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.461 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 124JA UT WOS:000243362900018 PM 17199529 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Pouyat, RV Cadenasso, ML Zipperer, WC Szlavecz, K Yesilonis, ID Band, LE Brush, GS AF Groffman, Peter M. Pouyat, Richard V. Cadenasso, Mary L. Zipperer, Wayne C. Szlavecz, Katalin Yesilonis, Ian D. Band, Lawrence E. Brush, Grace S. TI Land use context and natural soil controls on plant community composition and soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in urban and rural forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon; forests; greenhouse gases; mineralization; nitrate; nitrification; nitrogen; urban ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; CONTRASTING ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION; OAK LEAF-LITTER; DECIDUOUS FOREST; OXIDE FLUXES; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; TEMPERATE FORESTS AB Forests embedded in an urban matrix are a useful venue for investigating the effects of multiple factors such as climate change, altered disturbance regimes and species invasions on forest ecosystems. Urban forests also represent a significant land area, with potentially important effects on landscape and regional scale nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) storage and flux. We measured forest community composition, litterfall, leaf area index, soil chemical properties, in situ net N mineralization and nitrification, soil and soil solution inorganic N pools, and soil:atmosphere fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in eight forest stands that differed in their exposure to urban atmospheric conditions and natural soil conditions (high versus low fertility). Our objectives were (1) to compare the influence of urban land use context and natural soil controls on forest composition and C and N cycling processes and (2) to evaluate the importance of "natural" N cycle processes relative to anthropogenic N fluxes in the urban landscape. Forest productivity and N cycling varied more with soil type than with proximity to urban land use, while forest composition and soil:atmosphere fluxes of CO, and CH4 were more strongly influenced by exposure to an urban land use matrix and atmosphere. The magnitude of natural processes was important in the context of urban and suburban landscapes, i.e. production of, and annual variation in. inorganic N in forest patches was large relative to watershed-scale atmospheric deposition, fertilizer use and food/sewage fluxes that have been measured in other studies in these study landscapes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Baltimore Ecosyst Study, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95615 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM groffmanp@ecostudies.org RI Brush, Grace S./A-3288-2010; OI Brush, Grace S./0000-0003-1280-5933; Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298 NR 86 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 236 IS 2-3 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.002 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 120JC UT WOS:000243079900006 ER PT J AU Binkley, D Kashian, DM Boyden, S Kaye, MW Bradford, JB Arthur, MA Fornwalt, PJ Ryan, MG AF Binkley, Dan Kashian, Daniel M. Boyden, Suzanne Kaye, Margot W. Bradford, John B. Arthur, Mary A. Fornwalt, Paula J. Ryan, Michael G. TI Patterns of growth dominance in forests of the Rocky Mountains, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age-related decline in forest growth; stand development; competition; Pinus contorta; P. ponderosa; Picea engelmannii; Abies lasiocarva; Populus tremuloides ID LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; STAND-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; GINI COEFFICIENT; FRONT RANGE; LEAF-AREA; TREE; HYPOTHESIS; DENSITY AB We used data from 142 stands in Colorado and Wyoming, USA, to test the expectations of a model of growth dominance and stand development. Growth dominance relates the distribution of growth rates of individual trees within a stand to tree sizes. Stands with large trees that account for a greater share of stand growth than of stand mass exhibit strong growth dominance. Stands with large trees that contribute less to stand growth than to stand mass show reverse growth dominance. The four-phase model predicts that forests move from a period of little dominance (Phase 1), with trees accounting for similar contributions to stand growth and stand mass. Phase 2 is a period of strong growth dominance, where larger trees account for a disproportionately large amount of total stand growth. Growth dominance declines during Phase 3 as growth of the larger trees slows. A final Phase 4 shows reverse growth dominance when the growth of larger trees is less than their proportional contribution to total stand mass. The datasets supported the expectation of reverse growth dominance in old forests of ponderosa pine, Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir, lodgepole pine, and mixed stands of aspen and conifers. Pure aspen stands did not show reverse growth dominance. An age sequence of lodgepole pine failed to show the expected Phase 2 period of strongly developed growth dominance. Future work needs to combine quantitative descriptions of patterns in growth dominance with experimental manipulations of resource supplies and environmental conditions to connect forest dynamics at the scales of individual trees, groups of trees, and stands. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Binkley, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM binkley@warnercnr.colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; NR 37 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 236 IS 2-3 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.001 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 120JC UT WOS:000243079900007 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Loehle, C AF Gustafson, Eric J. Loehle, Craig TI Effects of parcelization and land divestiture on forest sustainability in simulated forest landscapes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE timber management; ownership parcelization; landscape pattern; HARVEST simulation model; sustainable forestry; forest products industry ID UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; MANAGEMENT; OWNERSHIP; INDEXES; OREGON; TRENDS; USA AB Ownership parcelization of forest land and divestiture of industrial forest land is increasing throughout the U.S. This may affect (positively or negatively) the ability of forested landscapes to produce benefits that society values, such as fiber, biodiversity and recreation. We used a timber harvest simulator and neutral model landscapes to systematically study how parcelization and divestiture affect measures of forest composition and fragmentation. timber production and public access. We studied parcelization effects by systematically varying the probability that ownerships would be parcelized at three different spatial scales (9216, 256, 16 ha). We found that parcelization of industrial landscapes significantly increased most measures of forest fragmentation, but did not affect measures of forest composition. Parcelization did not reduce the volume of wood extracted or the area of land available for public recreation, but it did reduce the patch size of land open for recreational use. We studied divestiture effects by systematically varying the proportions of two industrial owners with concurrent changes in the proportion of non-industrial private forest owners (NIPF). We also simulated conversion of NIPF forest land to developed uses. The effect of divestiture depends on which owner is divesting, with the owner that has the most unique effect on a given response variable having the greatest influence. The industrial owner that emphasized even-aged silvicultural techniques had the greatest effect on age class characteristics. The industrial owner that practiced some conversion of other forest types to northern hardwood influenced some cover type characteristics. The proportion of NIPF had the greatest effect on the temporal trend of fragmentation because of conversion of some forest to developed uses. Divestiture of industrial land caused up to a 55% reduction in the volume of wood extracted and reduced the area and patch size of land available for public recreation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 236 IS 2-3 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.015 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 120JC UT WOS:000243079900018 ER PT J AU Oh, E Hansen, EM Sniezko, RA AF Oh, E. Hansen, E. M. Sniezko, R. A. TI Port-Orford-cedar resistant to Phytophthora lateralis SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC YEW AB Phytophthora lateralis, an exotic root pathogen, is the primary cause of Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) mortality throughout its native range in southwest Oregon and northwest California. Most trees in the field are very susceptible, but genetic resistance to this pathogen has been demonstrated. Since the late 1980s, the USDA Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management in cooperation with Oregon State University have conducted an intensive programme to identify and test resistant trees from the field, and propagate them in a seed orchard with the goal of providing resistant seedlings for regeneration. Susceptible families showed only 0-10% survival using a variety of inoculation techniques. Rooted cuttings of resistant parents are seldom killed, and seedling families of these parents exhibit 25-100% survival, depending on family and inoculation technique. Symptom development on resistant trees, including sunken lesions, and resinosis as well as reduced colonization and re-isolation success, was consistent with a hypersensitive reaction. In a long-term field test, five resistant families had 20-80% survival after 16 years, while three susceptible families had 0-8% survival in the same interval. C1 Korea Forest Res Inst, Div Forest Dis & Insect Pests, Seoul 130712, South Korea. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, USDA, Cottage Grove, OR USA. RP Oh, E (reprint author), Korea Forest Res Inst, Div Forest Dis & Insect Pests, 207 Cheongyangni 2 Dong, Seoul 130712, South Korea. EM eunsungoh@foa.go.kr; hansene@science.oregonstate.edu RI Oh, Eunsung/A-4071-2009 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2006.00474.x PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104JD UT WOS:000241953800001 ER PT J AU Hart, SC Selmants, PC Boyle, SI Overby, ST AF Hart, Stephen C. Selmants, Paul C. Boyle, Sarah I. Overby, Steven T. TI Carbon and nitrogen cycling in southwestern ponderosa pine forests SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial biomass; nitrogen mineralization; nitrification; productivity; soil respiration ID RESTORATION TREATMENTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; BUNCHGRASS ECOSYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; SOIL RESPIRATION; NUTRIENT RELEASE; CENTRAL OREGON; SODA-LIME; DYNAMICS; WATER AB Ponderosa pine forests of the southwestern United States were historically characterized by relatively open, parklike stands with a bunchgrass-dominated understory. This forest structure was maintained by frequent, low-intensity surface fires. Heavy livestock grazing, fire suppression, and favorable weather conditions following Euro-American settlement in the late 19th century resulted in a dramatic increase in pine regeneration. Today, many of these forest stands have high stand densities with low understory production, and are susceptible to infrequent, stand-replacing fires. The primary objective of our study was to better characterize the contemporary carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling processes in relatively unmanaged southwestern ponderosa pine stands. We then compared these ecosystem conditions with those of an adjacent stand that had received an ecological restoration treatment that included thinning and prescribed burning. Our results suggest that N availability and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of trees in these forests are low compared to other forests. Restoration treatments decreased ANPP but increased the proportion of ANPP in woody tissues. These treatments also increased soil respiration, water availability, temperature, and net nitrification, but had no effect on net N mineralization and microbial N. We speculate that the understory response to restoration treatments is a key factor affecting the overall ecosystem response in these forests. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Flagstaff Lab, Rocky Mt Expt Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hart, SC (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM steve.hart@nau.edu; paul.selmants@nau.edu; boylesai@yahoo.com; soverby@fs.fed.us RI yang, lixia/D-7815-2011; OI Selmants, Paul/0000-0001-6211-3957 NR 58 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 BP 683 EP 693 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 116OP UT WOS:000242812500007 ER PT J AU Van Wagner, CE Finney, MA Heathcott, M AF Van Wagner, Charles E. Finney, Mark A. Heathcott, Mark TI Historical fire cycles in the Canadian Rocky Mountain parks SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest fire history; age-class analysis; negative exponential ID STANDING AGE DISTRIBUTIONS; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; DENDROCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTION; NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST; MODELS; PRECIPITATION; LANDSCAPE AB The subject of this article is the fire history of seven contiguous national and provincial parks in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, four to the east of the continental divide and three to the west. Seven centuries of time-since-fire data were combined and arrayed in three sets: all seven parks together, then the east-side and west-side groups separately. Fire cycles were estimated by four different methods: two of them statistical and two deterministic. Statistical evidence of distinct changes in fire regime, always toward a lower burning rate, was uncovered, with transitions in 1760 and 1940 on the east side, and in 1840 on the west side. The principal conclusions were: The seven parks as a unit supported a fire cycle of 60-70 yr for nearly five centuries before 1760. The burning rate then dropped sharply and a longer cycle of about 175 yr prevailed until 1940. Fire history in the combined large parks on the east side was similar to the above. B contrast, the smaller west-side parks group sustained a fire cycle of about 90 yr for at least five centuries before 1840; the burning rate then decreased irregularly to 2000. On the east side, the near absence of burned area after 1940 was attributed to the onset of effective fire protection. Possible prior causes of the earlier transitions on east and west sides include changes in climate or aboriginal fire practices, but this issue is left unresolved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Van Wagner, CE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy 10 W, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM jean.vanwagner@sympatico.ca; mfinney@fs.fed.us; mark.heathcott@pc.gc.ca NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 BP 704 EP 717 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 116OP UT WOS:000242812500009 ER PT J AU Sieg, CH McMillin, JD Fowler, JF Allen, KK Negron, JF Wadleigh, LL Anhold, JA Gibson, KE AF Sieg, Carolyn Hull McMillin, Joel D. Fowler, James F. Allen, Kurt K. Negron, Jose F. Wadleigh, Linda L. Anhold, John A. Gibson, Ken E. TI Best predictors for postflre mortality of ponderosa pine trees in the intermountain west SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; logistic regression; Arizona; Colorado; South Dakota; Montana; wildfire; bark beetles or Scolytinae; modeling ID NORTHERN ARIZONA; EASTERN OREGON; SIERRA-NEVADA; DOUGLAS-FIR; FORESTS; INSECTS; INJURY; SEASON; DAMAGE; LAKE AB Numerous wildfires in recent years have highlighted managers' needs for reliable tools to predict postfire mortality of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) trees. General applicability of existing mortality models is uncertain, as researchers have used different sets of variables. We quantified tree attributes, crown and bole fire damage, ground fire severity, and insect presence from a total of 5,083 trees in four 2000 wildfires in four Intermountain states. Crown scorch (percentage) and consumption (percentage) volume collectively accounted for the majority of predictive capacity in all four individual models and in the pooled four-site model. The addition of tree diameter and presence of 1ps beetles in the pooled model slightly improved predictive power. Four other statistically significant variables added little to the pooled model's predictive ability. The pooled model correctly classified 3-year postfire mortality of 89.9% of the trees and had a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score of 0.96. In the external validation step, the model correctly classified 3-year postfire mortality of 96% of 1,361 trees in a 2001 wildfire. Our results and a number of previous studies suggest that a two-variable model using percentage crown scorch volume and crown consumed volume will have applicability beyond the Intermountain West. C1 USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USFS Reg Forest Hlth Protect 3, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USFS Reg Forest Hlth Management 2, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. USFS Reg Fire Management 3, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USFS Reg Forest Hlth Protect 1, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Sieg, CH (reprint author), USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knolls Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM csieg@fs.fed.us; jmcmillin@fs.fed.us; jffowler@fs.fed.us; kallen@fs.fed.us; jnegron@fs.fed.us; Iwadleigh@fs.fed.us; kgibson@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 BP 718 EP 728 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 116OP UT WOS:000242812500010 ER PT J AU Wigington, PJ Ebersole, JL Colvin, ME Leibowitz, SG Miller, B Hansen, B Lavigne, HR White, D Baker, JP Church, MR Brooks, JR Cairns, MA Compton, JE AF Wigington, P. J., Jr. Ebersole, J. L. Colvin, M. E. Leibowitz, S. G. Miller, B. Hansen, B. Lavigne, H. R. White, D. Baker, J. P. Church, M. R. Brooks, J. R. Cairns, M. A. Compton, J. E. TI Coho salmon dependence on intermittent streams SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SEASONAL-CHANGES; FISH; SURVIVAL AB In February 2006, the US Supreme Court heard cases that may affect whether intermittent streams are jurisdictional waters under the Clean Water Act. In June 2006, however, the cases were remanded to the circuit court, leaving the status of intermittent streams uncertain once again. The presence of commercial species, such as coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), can be an important consideration when determining jurisdiction. These salmon spawn in the upper portions of Oregon coastal stream networks, where intermittent streams are common. In our study of a coastal Oregon watershed, we found that intermittent streams were an important source of coho salmon smolts. Residual pools in intermittent streams provided a means by which juvenile coho could survive during dry periods; smolts that overwintered in intermittent streams were larger than those from perennial streams. Movement of juvenile coho into intermittent tributaries from the mainstem was another way in which the fish exploited the habitat and illustrates the importance of maintaining accessibility for entire stream networks. Loss of intermittent stream habitat would have a negative effect on coho salmon populations in coastal drainages, including downstream navigable waters. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Wigington, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM wigington.jim@epa.gov NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 4 IS 10 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[513:CSDOIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113WL UT WOS:000242628600011 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA Jung, HG Adler, PR AF Boateng, A. A. Jung, H. G. Adler, P. R. TI Pyrolysis of energy crops including alfalfa stems, reed canarygrass, and eastern gamagrass SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis; herbaceous crops; alfalfa stems ID KLASON LIGNIN; BIOMASS; GASIFICATION AB Production of energy from renewable biomass resources would reduce atmospheric CO2 increase associated with fossil fuel use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy potential of a thermochemical conversion platform of three herbaceous biomass crops. The biomass crops tested were stems of alfalfa, a legume, and whole herbage of reed canarygrass and eastern gamagrass, cool- and warm-season grasses, respectively. Two stages of physiological development were included for the alfalfa and reed canarygrass; bud and full flower stages for the alfalfa, and vegetative and ripe seed stages for the reed canarygrass. The eastern gamagrass was fully mature, senescent material. Pyrolysis products at 600-1050 degrees C were characterized for gas and char yields, and non-condensable gas product composition. Gas yields ranged between 15 and 36 Nm(3) kg(-1) while char yield ranged between 5.4 and 26.7 wt% of dry initial biomass. Gas yields for alfalfa were greater than from the grasses at all temperatures ranging from 25 to 36 Nm(3) kg(-1) compared to the grasses in the combined range of 15-27 Nm(3) kg(-1) biomass. For the alfalfa stems, the more mature sample yielded more gas. For reed canarygrass, higher gas yield was obtained for the sample harvested at the vegetative stage than the more mature flowering stage. Char was greater for mature reed canarygrass than eastern gamagrass at temperatures of 900 degrees C or less, with the other biomass samples being intermediate. Maturity effect on alfalfa char yield was not significant. However, all samples had similarly low char residues at 1050 degrees C. With regard to the composition of non-condensable gas produced, the grasses had higher heating values than alfalfa; however, at 900 degrees C where the gas heat of combustion is maximized the calorific value of the gas was similar for all samples at about 13.6 MJ kg(-1). This compares to about 18.4 MJ kg(-1) of the parent biomass i.e., about 75%. The activation energy for thermal decomposition, estimated from first order reaction kinetic models, did not exhibit a consistent trend with maturity, but mean activation energy was lower for alfalfa (2837 U mol(-1)) than the grasses (3427 and 3419 kJ mol(-1) for reed canarygrass and eastern gamagrass, respectively). The effect of maturity on the pyrolysis response was more pronounced for alfalfa than for reed canarygrass. This information aids evaluation and comparison of alternative conversion platforms identified under the US National Biomass Initiative. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM aboateng@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 2006 VL 85 IS 17-18 BP 2450 EP 2457 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.04.025 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 104AX UT WOS:000241929400011 ER PT J AU Davis, KB Peterson, BC AF Davis, Kenneth B. Peterson, Brian C. TI The effect of temperature, stress, and cortisol on plasma IGF-I and IGFBPs in sunshine bass SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sunshine bass; IGF-I; IGFBPs; temperature; stress; cortisol ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEIN; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; STRIPED BASS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; HORMONE TREATMENT; COHO SALMON AB The mechanisms through which stress and cortisol regulate insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) were studied in sunshine bass, by measuring plasma IGF-I and IGFBPs in fish maintained at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 degrees C, fish subjected to an acute 15 min confinement stress at 25 and 30 degrees C, and fish fed 100 mg cortisol/kg feed. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were higher at 25 and 30 degrees C than at 20 degrees C and below. A 15 min confinement stress resulted in a decrease in IGF-I 2 h post-confinement. Plasma concentrations of IGFBP with molecular weights of 24, 28, and 33 kDa were similar for fish acclimated to different temperatures, except for 5 degrees C where a 33-kDa IGFBP was significantly reduced. After a 15 min low-water stress at 25 degrees C, a 33-kDa IGFBP was reduced and IGFBPs with molecular weights of 24 and 28 kDa were increased at 2 and 6 h, respectively. A 15 min low-water stress at 30 degrees C, resulted in no change in levels of a 33-kDa IGFBP over the 6-h recovery period. However, levels of a 24- and 28-kDa IGFBP were significantly increased at 2 and 6 h, respectively. A single feeding with 100 mg cortisol/kg feed increased plasma cortisol but did affect plasma concentrations of IGF-I or any of the three IGFBPs. Acute stress appears to result in a decrease in IGF-I, but the mechanism of the decrease does not appear to be caused by cortisol released during the stress. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM kbdavis@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 149 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.05.009 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 109KP UT WOS:000242307100001 PM 16854418 ER PT J AU Wieners, RR Fei, SZ Johnson, RC AF Wieners, Robert R. Fei, Shui-zhang Johnson, Richard C. TI Characterization of a USDA Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) core collection for reproductive mode and DNA content by flow cytometry SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE core collection; DNA content; flow cytometry; Poa pratensis L; reproductive mode ID ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; APOMIXIS AB Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an important turf and forage grass species with a facultative apomictic breeding behavior. In this study, mature seed and leaf tissue from 38 accessions of a USDA core collection of Kentucky bluegrass were analyzed with flow cytometry to characterize the reproductive mode and DNA content for each accession. Major reproductive pathways for each accession were determined based upon the presence and the position of the peaks observed and the known methods of reproduction for Kentucky bluegrass. While the majority of the accessions exhibited facultative apomictic reproductive behavior with a combination of reduced, zygotic and unreduced, parthenogenic embryo production, obligate sexual or obligate apomictic accessions were also found to be present in this core collection. In addition, reduced, parthenogenic and unreduced zygotic embryos were also detected in several accessions. Flow cytometric analysis of somatic tissue revealed a large range of DNA variation within this core collection. We also examined the sensitivity of flow cytometry in analyzing bulked samples containing a large number of plants with varied DNA content and determined that flow cytometry can effectively detect a plant having a different DNA content within a 15-plant bulk sample. Overall the combination of mature seed and somatic tissue analysis generated important information for the Kentucky bluegrass core collection and can be an effective and affordable tool to characterize even greater numbers of Kentucky bluegrass accessions. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fei, SZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sfei@iastate.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1531 EP 1541 DI 10.1007/s10722-005-7766-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 111CF UT WOS:000242427900001 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Gao, HW Han, JG Wu, YQ AF Wang, Zan Gao, Hongwen Han, Jianguo Wu, Yanqi TI Allozyme diversity and population structure of Caragana korshinskyi Kom. in China SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE allozyme; Caragana korshinskyi Kom; genetic diversity; population structure ID INTERSPECIFIC TRANSITION; GEOGRAPHIC GRADIENT; PLANT-POPULATIONS; C-KORSHINSKII; POLYMORPHISM; MICROPHYLLA; DAVAZAMCII; SYSTEMS AB Caragana korshinskyi Kom. is a long-lived shrub species indigenous to northwestern China, and important in vegetation rehabilitation of widely degraded and degrading semiarid and arid regions because of its high ecological and economic values. Information at molecular level on its genetic diversity, however, is not available. Accordingly, the extent and distribution for genetic diversity and population structure in 11 populations of C. korshinskyi were assessed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for seven enzymes including aminopeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and peroxidase. The seven-enzyme systems produced 11 loci encompassing 19 alleles demonstrating high genetic variation at both species and population levels. A considerable excess of heterozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations was detected at the both levels as well. G(ST) ranged from 0.0074 for AMP-1 to 0.4646 for PGD with a mean of 0.1517, indicating that approximately 84.8% of the total allozyme variation occurred within populations. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation indicated that gene flow was high among populations of the species. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Inst Grassland Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Gao, HW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Sci, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan W Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM gaohongwen@263.net NR 44 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1689 EP 1697 DI 10.1007/s10722-005-1214-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 111CF UT WOS:000242427900017 ER PT J AU Li, J Klindworth, DL Shireen, F Cai, X Hu, J Xu, SS AF Li, J. Klindworth, D. L. Shireen, F. Cai, X. Hu, J. Xu, S. S. TI Molecular characterization and chromosomespecific TRAP-marker development for Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE durum wheat; D-genome; substitution; TRAP marker ID REGION AMPLIFICATION POLYMORPHISM; HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BREAD WHEAT; MAP; SATURATION; LOCI; QTL AB The aneuploid stocks of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husnot) and common wheat (T aestivum L.) have been developed mainly in 'Langdon' (LDN) and 'Chinese Spring' (CS) cultivars, respectively. The LDN-CS D-genome chromosome disomic substitution (LDN-DS) lines, where a pair of CS D-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous A- or B-genome chromosome pair of LDN, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. The LDN-DS lines were originally developed by crossing CS nulli-tetrasomics with LDN, followed by 6 backcrosses with LDN. They have subsequently been improved with 5 additional backcrosses with LDN. The objectives of this study were to characterize a set of the 14 most recent LDN-DS lines and to develop chromosome-specific markers, using the newly developed TRAP (target region amplification polymorphism)marker technique. A total of 307 polymorphic DNA fragments were amplified from LDN and CS, and 302 of them were assigned to individual chromosomes. Most of the markers (95.5%) were present on a single chromosome as chromosome-specific markers, but 4.5% of the markers mapped to 2 or more chromosomes. The number of markers per chromosome varied, from a low of 10 (chromosomes 1A and 6D) to a high of 24 (chromosome 3A). There was an average of 16.6, 16.6, and 15.9 markers per chromosome assigned to the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes, respectively, suggesting that TRAP markers were detected at a nearly equal frequency on the 3 genomes. A comparison of the source of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs), used to derive the fixed primers, with the chromosomal location of markers revealed that 15.5% of the TRAP markers were located on the same chromosomes as the ESTs used to generate the fixed primers. A fixed primer designed from an EST mapped on a chromosome or a homoeologous group amplified at least 1 fragment specific to that chromosome or group, suggesting that the fixed primers might generate markers from target regions. TRAP-marker analysis verified the retention of at least 13 pairs of A- or B-genome chromosomes from LDN and 1 pair of D-genome chromosomes from CS in each of the LDN-DS lines. The chromosome-specific markers developed in this study provide an identity for each of the chromosomes, and they will facilitate molecular and genetic characterization of the individual chromosomes, including genetic mapping and gene identification. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St North, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xus@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1545 EP 1554 DI 10.1139/G06-114 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 155AJ UT WOS:000245549600005 PM 17426769 ER PT J AU Rezaei, SA Gilkes, RJ Andrews, SS AF Rezaei, Seyed Ata Gilkes, Robert J. Andrews, Susan S. TI A minimum data set for assessing soil quality in rangelands SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE soil quality index; soil physical properties; soil chemical properties; rangelands; principal components analysis AB To develop a method for the selection of suitable predictive indicators for the assessment of soil quality, we used a general approach for choosing the most representative indicators from large existing data sets, for mountainous rangeland in northern Iran. The approach involves identifying a suite of soil indicators and landscape attributes for an area of relatively uniform climate. The interrelationships between soil properties and plant growth in various landscape units were investigated and interpreted based on statistical analysis and expert knowledge. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the smallest set of chemical, physical, and biological indicators that account for at least 70% of the variability in the whole soil data set at each site. We defined this set as the minimum data set (MDS) for evaluating soil quality. Using investments of time and budget considerations, two minimum data sets were selected. The MDSs were selected for their ability to predict soil stability and productivity, as components of site potential assessment for extensive grazing. The efficacy of the two chosen MDSs were evaluated in terms of their capacity to assess range capability by performing multiple regressions of each MDS against the plant growth characteristics: total yield, herbaceous plant production, and utilizable forage as iterative dependent variables. Variations in the plant response variables were best predicted by the variables, soil profile effective thickness, followed by nutrient cycling index, which is a landscape function indicator: total nitrogen; slake test; first layer thickness; and water retention at wilting point. The relationships between soil properties and plant growth showed that plant variables were more sensitive to soil physical properties than to soil chemical properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Res Inst Forest & Rangelands, Tehran, Iran. Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rezaei, SA (reprint author), Res Inst Forest & Rangelands, POB 13185-116, Tehran, Iran. EM srezaei@frw.org.ir NR 22 TC 46 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.03.021 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 116XQ UT WOS:000242837500019 ER PT J AU Madari, BE Reeves, JB Machado, PLOA Guimaraes, CM Torres, E McCarty, GW AF Madari, Beata E. Reeves, James B., III Machado, Pedro L. O. A. Guimaraes, Cleber M. Torres, Eleno McCarty, Gregory W. TI Mid- and near-infrared spectroscopic assessment of soil compositional parameters and structural indices in two Ferralsols SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE mid-infrared; near-infrared; spectroscopy; carbon; chemometrics; PLSR; soil ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-CARBON; NO-TILLAGE; REGRESSION; ACIDS AB Bulk soil samples (BS) (n=120) from long-term tillage experiments and areas covered by secondary natural forest were collected in the Brazilian savanna region (Cerrado) at Santo Antonio de Goias, and southern Atlantic forest region at Londrina. Bulk soils were separated into 8 aggregate size fractions (ASF) by wet sieving (n=700). Bulk soil samples (BS) and ASF were analyzed for total C, N by dry combustion. BS were also analyzed for sand, silt, and clay by densitometry, and several measures of soil aggregation were determined. All samples were scanned in the mid- and near-infrared (Mid-IR, NIR) by diffuse reflectance of ground, non-KBr diluted samples using a Digilab FTS-7000 FTIR spectrometer equipped with a Pike Auto-Diff auto-sampler. Quantitative calibrations for the various analytes were performed separately for the original set of 120 BS samples and the set of 700 ASF samples using partial least squares regression (PLSR). Results for the set of 120 BS for total C and N were excellent using either spectral range with R-2 > 0.97, except for C by Mid-IR (R-2=0.93). Similar results were obtained for determinations of sand and clay (R-2 > 0.94). Silt, determined by difference (100%-%sand-%clay), gave much lower R-2 (0.80 and 0.63 for Mid-IR and NIR, respectively). For aggregation indices, R-2 of similar to 0.80 were achieved in the Mid-IR, NIR results were not as good (R-2 < 0.67). Efforts with the 700 ASF samples resulted in R-2 of 0.98 and 0.96 for C, and 0.96 and 0.97 for N, for Mid-IR and NIR calibrations, respectively. Calibration efforts to determine the values for the set of 700 ASF samples using set of 120 BS from which they were fractionated gave R-2=0.90 and 0.87 in the Mid-IR and NIR, respectively, when 5% of the ASF were added to the set of 120 BS. Spectral discrimination of sample source was easily and very accurately determined for all data sets examined. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Embrapa Rice & Bean, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio de Goias, Go, Brazil. Embrapa Solos, BR-22460000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USDA, EMBUL, ANRI, ARS,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Embrapa Soybean, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. USDA ARS, HRSL, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Madari, BE (reprint author), Embrapa Rice & Bean, POB 179, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio de Goias, Go, Brazil. EM madari@cnpaf.embrapa.br RI Madari, Beata/A-1188-2013 OI Madari, Beata/0000-0002-6242-6619 NR 48 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.03.026 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 116XQ UT WOS:000242837500021 ER PT J AU Cavaleri, MA Oberbauer, SF Ryan, MG AF Cavaleri, Molly A. Oberbauer, Steven F. Ryan, Michael G. TI Wood CO2 efflux in a primary tropical rain forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autotrophic respiration; branch respiration; canopy structure; carbon balance; plant functional group; seasonality; slope; soil phosphorus; tropical wet forest; woody tissue respiration ID MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; TISSUE RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SECONDARY FOREST; CANOPY STRUCTURE; BOREAL FOREST; COSTA-RICA; WET FOREST; TREES AB The balance between photosynthesis and plant respiration in tropical forests may substantially affect the global carbon cycle. Woody tissue CO2 efflux is a major component of total plant respiration, but estimates of ecosystem-scale rates are uncertain because of poor sampling in the upper canopy and across landscapes. To overcome these problems, we used a portable scaffolding tower to measure woody tissue CO2 efflux from ground level to the canopy top across a range of sites of varying slope and soil phosphorus content in a primary tropical rain forest in Costa Rica. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine whether to use surface area, volume, or biomass for modeling and extrapolating wood CO2 efflux, (2) determine if wood CO2 efflux varied seasonally, (3) identify if wood CO2 efflux varied by functional group, height in canopy, soil fertility, or slope, and (4) extrapolate wood CO2 efflux to the forest. CO2 efflux from small diameter woody tissue (< 10 cm) was related to surface area, while CO2 efflux from stems > 10 cm was related to both surface area and volume. Wood CO2 efflux showed no evidence of seasonality over 2 years. CO2 efflux per unit wood surface area at 25 degrees (F-A) was highest for the N-fixing dominant tree species Pentaclethra macroloba, followed by other tree species, lianas, then palms. Small diameter F-A increased steeply with increasing height, and large diameter F-A increased with diameter. Soil phosphorus and slope had slight, but complex effects on F-A. Wood CO2 efflux per unit ground area was 1.34 +/- 0.36 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), or 508 +/- 135 g C m(-2) yr(-1). Small diameter wood, only 15% of total woody biomass, accounted for 70% of total woody tissue CO2 efflux from the forest; while lianas, only 3% of total woody biomass, contributed one-fourth of the total wood CO2 efflux. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Cavaleri, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Grad Degree Program Ecol, 1472 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM cavaleri@cnr.colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 63 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2442 EP 2458 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01269.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 114IH UT WOS:000242659400016 ER PT J AU Shewmaker, GE Mayland, HF Roberts, CA Harrison, PA Chatterton, NJ Sleper, DA AF Shewmaker, G. E. Mayland, H. F. Roberts, C. A. Harrison, P. A. Chatterton, N. J. Sleper, D. A. TI Daily carbohydrate accumulation in eight tall fescue cultivars SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glucose; NIRS; sucrose; total non-structural carbohydrates ID WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE; LOLIUM-PERENNE L.; NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; DAIRY-COWS; PREFERENCE; FRUCTAN; SELECTION; HERBAGE AB Eight cultivars of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Schreb., S. J. Darbyshire = Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Barcel, Kenhy, Kentucky-31, Missouri-96, Mozark, Stargrazer, C-1 (an experimental selection), and HiMag, were sampled at 2-h intervals during daylight on four cutting dates. Cultivars varied in concentrations of carbohydrate fractions but accumulation rates were not different. Daily mean total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations for cutting dates in May, July, August and September declined from 239 to 231, 143 and 120 g TNC kg(-1) adjusted dry weight (ADW) respectively. Concentrations of fructans were highest in July but sucrose, glucose and starch concentrations were highest in May. Sucrose was the largest contributor proportionately to TNC daily means across accessions in May (0.33), August (0.30) and September (0.38). Glucose composed an equivalent proportion of TNC in the August harvest. Starch concentration was highest in May at 53 g kg(-1) ADW and lowest in August at 23 g kg(-1) ADW. The TNC concentration increased by 22.4 (May), 16.8 (July), 21.0 (August) and 30.8 g kg(-1) ADW (September) from dawn to dusk. Forage samples taken to estimate preference by ruminants or for TNC analyses should be cut and preserved within 1 h to control the diurnal variation of TNC proportionately within 0.05. Tall fescue should generally be cut between noon and sunset for TNC concentrations to be greater than the daily mean. C1 Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Shewmaker, GE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, POB 1827, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. EM gshew@uidaho.edu NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2006.00550.x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 114JA UT WOS:000242661300009 ER PT J AU Watson, K Baranowski, T Thompson, D AF Watson, Kathy Baranowski, Tom Thompson, Debbe TI Item response modeling: an evaluation of the children's fruit and vegetable self-efficacy questionnaire SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-FAT INTAKE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; IMPACT; INTERVENTION; RELIABILITY; CONSUMPTION AB Perceived self-efficacy (SE) for eating fruit and vegetables (FV) is a key variable mediating FV change in interventions. This study applies item response modeling (IRM) to a fruit, juice and vegetable self-efficacy questionnaire (FVSEQ) previously validated with classical test theory (CTT) procedures. The 24-item (five-point Likert scale) FVSEQ was administered to 1578 fourth graders from 26 Houston schools. The IRM partial credit model indicated the five-point response options were not fully utilized. The questionnaire exhibited acceptable (> 0.70) reliability except at the extremes of the SE scale. Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses revealed no response bias due to gender. However, DIF was detected by ethnic groups in 10 items. IRM of this scale expanded what was known from CTT methods in three ways: (i) areas of the scale were identified that were not as reliable, (ii) limitations were found in the response format and (c) areas of the SE scale levels were not measured. The FVSEQ can be improved by including items at the extreme levels of difficulty. DIF analyses identified areas where IRM can be useful to improve the functioning of measures. C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Watson, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kwatson@bcm.tmc.edu RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012; OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1093/her/cyl136 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119IP UT WOS:000243006300005 ER PT J AU So, CL Eberhardt, TL AF So, Chi-Leung Eberhardt, Thomas L. TI Rapid analysis of inner and outer bark composition of Southern Yellow Pine bark from industrial sources SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD AB Differences in bark chemistry between inner and outer bark are well known and may affect the suitability of various bark supplies for a particular application. Accordingly, there is a need for quality control protocols to assess variability and predict product yields. Southern yellow pine bark samples from two industrial sources were separated into inner and outer bark tissues and used to prepare both predetermined and random bark compositions for analysis. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analysis, was successfully used to develop models to predict relative amounts of inner bark. Application of mathematical treatments to the NIR data improved the calibration performance leading to improved predictions for the test samples. Results presented here show promise for the further development of this technique as a means to provide rapid and accurate predictions of the quality of bark obtainable from industrial sources. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Agctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP So, CL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Agctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM cso@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 64 IS 6 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s00107-006-0117-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 124MD UT WOS:000243371000005 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Levi, A Wehner, T Pitrat, M AF Davis, Angela R. Levi, Amnon Wehner, Todd Pitrat, Michel TI PI525088-PMR, a melon race 1 powdery mildew-resistant watermelon line SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE watermelon; Citrullus lanatus; powdery mildew; Sphaerotheca fuliginea; resistance; Podosphaera xanthii C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. INRA, Genet & Ameliorat Fruits & Legumes, Montfavet, France. RP Davis, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM adavis-usda@lane-ag.org NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1527 EP 1528 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108LF UT WOS:000242240600001 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Taylor, M AF Russo, V. M. Taylor, Merritt TI Soil amendments in transition to organic vegetable production with comparison to conventional methods: Yields and economics SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amendment; bell pepper; corn gluten meal; conventional; cucumber; economics; humate; sweet corn; transition ID CORN GLUTEN MEAL; FARMING SYSTEMS; GROWTH; ACID; ROOT; LEONARDITE; WEEDS; CROP AB Many producers who have used conventional production methods for vegetables, and who want to convert to organic production, will have to pass through a 3-year transition period before their land can be qualified for organic certification. This transition can produce unique challenges. Use of several amendments has received interest for inclusion in organic production. How these affect vegetable production during the transition period was examined. Land was taken from perennial pasture and converted to production of the vegetables: bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), cv. Jupiter; processing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), cv. Earli Pik; and sweet corn (Zea mays L.), cv. Incredible (se endosperm genotype) using organic materials and methods with comparison made to production using conventional methods. Conventional and transition to organic portions of the field were separated by 25 in with the buffer zone planted with the same sweet corn cultivar used in the experimental plots and minimally maintained by addition of organic fertilizer. To the organic portion of the field, three levels of humates (0, 112, and 224 kg.ha(-1)) and three levels of corn gluten meal (0, 448, and 896 kg.ha(-1)) were applied in nine combinations. Yields for all crops were determined for all years. In the first year, bell pepper yields for plants under conventional production were higher than for the plants in the transition plots. In the remaining 2 years, bell pepper yields were similar under the two production systems. In the first 2 years, cucumber yields for plants under conventional production were higher than for the plants under transition to organic production. In the last year, cucumber yields were similar under the two production systems. In all years, sweet corn yields for plants under conventional production were higher than for plants under transition to organic production. Humates and corn gluten meal did not benefit yields of crops. An economic analysis comparing yields, prices, and costs of production of the crops under conventional and the transition to organic indicated that conventional practices generally provided more net revenue than did transition to organic production. Net revenue for the three species under the transition to organic for the 3 years was $2749 for three hectares. Net revenue for the three crops under conventional production for 3 years was $61,821, a difference of $59,072. Costs, yield, and prices will have to be considered when decisions are made concerning the adoption of organic practices. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,911 Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM urusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 37 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1576 EP 1583 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108LF UT WOS:000242240600011 ER PT J AU Stover, E Ciliento, S Myers, M AF Stover, Ed Ciliento, Scott Myers, Monty TI Trunk sprouting and growth of citrus as affected by NAA, aluminum foil, and plastic trunk wraps SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE naphthaleneacetic acid; Sprout Saver; young tree care ID TREES; PEACH AB In spring 1999, a commercial NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) preparation for trunk sprout inhibition was compared with a corrugated plastic trunk wrap, aluminum foil wrap, bimonthly hand removal of sprouts, use of NAA preparation plus bimonthly hand removal when sprouts appeared, and a nontreated control. Three recently planted groves on three different rootstocks ['Midsweet' orange (Citrus sinensis)] on Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata), 'Valencia' orange on Volkamer lemon (Volk, Citrus Union), and 'Minneola' tangelo (Citrus paradisi x C. reticulata) on Smooth Flat Seville (SFS, Citrus hybrid) received each of the treatments in a randomized complete block experimental design with trees blocked by initial height and circumference. Every 2 months, sprouts were counted on each tree and removed from the hand removal treatments. After I year, all sprouts were removed and counted and height and circumference of trees was determined. Across all experiments, 82% to 100% of nontreated trees produced trunk sprouts and all sprout control methods significantly reduced sprouts per tree. NAA treatments were never significantly less effective at sprout suppression than the wraps at the P=0.05 level, although in two experiments, wraps were more effective than NAA at P=0.10. Time of sprout appearance varied between the three experimental blocks. Plastic and foil trunk wraps enhanced development of trunk circumference compared with nontreated controls in 'Midsweet'/Swingle and 'Valencia'/Volk. Greater trunk circumference resulted from use of wraps versus NAA in all three experiments, which appeared unrelated to differential sprout suppression. In these experiments, it appears that either wraps enhanced tree development beyond the suppression of sprouts or NAA influence on tree metabolism somewhat reduced trunk growth. The economics of the sprout suppression methods are also discussed. C1 Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ewstover@ucdavis.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1612 EP 1615 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108LF UT WOS:000242240600017 ER PT J AU Olsen, RT Ranney, TG Hodges, CS AF Olsen, Richard T. Ranney, Thomas G. Hodges, Charles S. TI Susceptibility of Catalpa, Chilopsis, and hybrids to powdery mildew and catalpa sphinx larvae SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE xChitalpa tashkentensis; Macrocatalpa; Tecomeae; Bignoniaceae; Erysiphe elevata; Ceratomia catalpae; disease resistance ID ERYSIPHE-ELEVATA; BIGNONIACEAE; BIGNONIOIDES; RESISTANCE AB A diverse collection of germplasm representing 24 taxa from Catalpa sect. Catalpa Paclt and sect. Macrocatalpa Grisebach, Chilopsis D. Don, and xChitalpa Elias & Wisura were screened for susceptibility to powdery mildew (PM) incited by Erysiphe elevata (Burr.) U. Braun & S. Takam and feeding by catalpa sphinx larvae (CSL), Ceratomia catalpae (Boisduval). PM screening was conducted on plants grown in a lathhouse (50% shade) in 2004 and a gravel pad (100% sun) in 2005. The PM causal organism was identified as E. elevata both years. Disease incidence and severity were recorded at 2-week intervals for 6 weeks and used to calculate area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) for each year. North American Catalpa in sect. Catalpa, Chilopsis, and xChitalpa taxa were all moderately to highly susceptible to PM. Chinese Catalpa in sect. Catalpa and West Indian species in sect. Macrocatalpa were resistant to PM. Hybrids between North American and Chinese Catalpa in sect. Catalpa varied in susceptibility, indicating transmission of partial resistance to PM. No differences in survival or growth were found in a no-choice feeding study with CSL reared on taxa from Chilopsis, xChitalpa, or either section of Catalpa. Future breeding of xChitalpa can use sources of PM resistance identified in this study, but a source of resistance to CSL was not found. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Olsen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM OlsenR@usna.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1629 EP 1634 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108LF UT WOS:000242240600020 ER PT J AU Deahl, KL Jones, RW Perez, FM Shaw, DS Cooke, LR AF Deahl, Kenneth L. Jones, Richard W. Perez, Frances M. Shaw, David S. Cooke, Louise R. TI Characterization of isolates of Phytophthora infestans from four solanaceous hosts growing in association with late blight-infected commercial potato crops SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tomato; petunia; nightshade; Solanum tuberosum; Lycopersicon esculentum; disease susceptibility ID SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; WESTERN WASHINGTON; ALLOZYME GENOTYPES; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; SOLANUM-NIGRUM; UNITED-STATES; TOMATO; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; METALAXYL AB The oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating pathogen of potato worldwide. Several genotypes of P. infestans are able to infect other cultivated and weed species of the family Solanaceae and cause symptoms similar to late blight. Changes in A infestans populations have stimulated investigations to determine if potato strains from new immigrant populations infect nonpotato hosts more often than those from the older population. Expansion of the effective host range may be one of the mechanisms involved in pathogenic changes in natural populations of A infestans and to determine its significance, it is necessary to establish if the pathogen strains on nonpotato hosts represent distinct genotypes/populations or are freely exchanging with those on potato. This article reports characterization of A infestans isolates from four solanaceous hosts (black nightshade, hairy nightshade, petunia, and tomato) growing within and around fields of blighted potatoes in four U.S. locations and one U.K. location and their comparison with isolates collected from adjacent infected potatoes. Isolates were characterized for mitochondrial DNA haplotype, mating type, metalaxyl resistance, allozymes of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase, and DNA fingerprint with the RG57 probe. Analysis showed close similarity of the petunia, hairy and black nightshade isolates to potato isolates. However, tomatoes from New Jersey and Pennsylvania, respectively, were infected by two distinct and previously unreported pathogen genotoypes, which had quite different fingerprints from P. infestans isolates recovered from nearby infected potatoes. Potato growers should be aware that both weed and cultivated solanaceous species can be infected with P. infestans and may serve as clandestine reservoirs of inoculum. Because some of these plants do not show conspicuous symptoms, they may escape detection and fail to be either removed or treated and so may play a major role in the introduction and spread of pathogens to new locations. C1 USDA, ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. Sarvari Res Trust, Bangor LL57 4BG, Gwynedd, Wales. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Deahl, KL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM deahlk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1635 EP 1639 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108LF UT WOS:000242240600021 ER PT J AU Newman, JP Albano, JP Merhaut, DJ Blythe, EK AF Newman, Julie P. Albano, Joseph P. Merhaut, Donald J. Blythe, Eugene K. TI Nutrient release from controlled-release fertilizers in a neutral-pH substrate in an outdoor environment: I. Leachate electrical conductivity, pH, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonium; macronutrients; Multicote; nitrate; nursery; Nutricote; orthophosphate; Osmocote; polymers; Polyon ID CONTAINERIZED NURSERY PLANTS; PINE BARK MEDIUM; GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT; AMMONIUM-NITROGEN; ACID SUBSTRATE; USE EFFICIENCY; POTTING MEDIA; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; INCUBATION AB Release characteristics of four different polymer-coated fertilizers (Multicote, Nutricote, Osmocote, and Polyon) were studied over a 47-week period in a simulated outdoor, containerized plant production system. The 2.4-L containers, filled with high-fertility, neutral-pH substrate, were placed on benches outdoors to simulate the environmental conditions often used for sun-tolerant, woody perennials grown in the southwestern United States. Container leachates were collected weekly and monitored for electrical conductivity, pH, and concentrations of NH4+N, NO3-N, total P, and total K. Concentrations of most nutrients in leachates were relatively high, but fluctuated frequently during the first third of the study period, and then gradually decreased and stabilized during the last 27 weeks. Osmocote often resulted in greater NH4+ and total inorganic N concentrations in leachates than other fertilizers during weeks 1 through 5, whereas Multicote produced higher NH4+ in leachates than most of the other fertilizer types during weeks 9 through 12. Overall, total P concentrations were greater with Multicote during a third of the experimental period, especially when compared with Osmocote and Polyon. Differences were also observed among treatments for leachate concentrations of K, with Polyon and Multicote fertilizers producing greater K concentrations in leachates compared with Osmocote during several weeks throughout the experimental period. Leachate concentrations of NO3-N and P from all fertilizer types were usually high, especially from week 5 through week 30. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Merhaut, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, 4118 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Donald.merhaut@ucr.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1674 EP 1682 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108LF UT WOS:000242240600028 ER PT J AU Albano, JP Merhaut, DJ Blythe, EK Newman, JP AF Albano, Joseph P. Merhaut, Donald J. Blythe, Eugene K. Newman, Julie P. TI Nutrient release from controlled-release fertilizers in a neutral-pH substrate in an outdoor environment: II. Leachate calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum concentrations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Micromax; micronutrients; Multicote; nursery; Nutricote; Osmocote; polymer; Polyon; woody ornamentals ID CONTAINERIZED NURSERY PLANTS; USE EFFICIENCY; GROWTH; ZN; FE; CU AB Nutrient release characteristics of four different controlled-release fertilizers (Osmocote, Nutricote, Polyon, and Multicote) were monitored during an 11-month period in a simulated outdoor nursery production facility. Although no plants were used in the experiment, fertilization rates, irrigation regimes, and cultural practices simulated those typically used to produce fast-growing, high-nutrient-requiring containerized woody ornamentals. Fertilizer prill release characteristics were monitored through analyses of leachates, which were collected weekly. Concentrations of Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo were relatively high during the first 5 to 10 weeks of the experiment, then declined and usually stabilized during the remainder of the study. However, Mn and Zn displayed erratic increases in concentrations several times throughout the study. Calcium concentrations did not increase until the fifth week, rapidly peaked to about 300 mg.L-1, and then decreased and leveled off to approximate to 80 to 100 mg.L-1 during the remainder of the study. Several significant differences were observed between treatments. The Osmocote treatment had significantly greater Ca and Mg concentrations in the leachate than the other fertilizer types during the last 6 weeks of the study, whereas the Nutricote treatment often had significantly greater Fe concentrations than leachates from other treatments, especially during the last 26 to 35 weeks of the study, and significantly greater Zn concentrations than the other CRFs during the last 21 weeks of the study. Based upon U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines, concentrations of Fe were often more than the allowable limit of 0.3 mg.L-1 with all fertilizer types, but especially with Nutricote. Concentrations of Mn and Cu also exceeded federal guidelines, particularly during the first several weeks of the study. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Calif, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Merhaut, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, 4118 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Donaid.merhaut@ucr.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1683 EP 1689 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108LF UT WOS:000242240600029 ER PT J AU Okere, IC Young, ME McElfresh, TA Chess, DJ Sharov, VG Sabbah, HN Hoit, BD Ernsberger, P Chandler, MP Stanley, WC AF Okere, Isidore C. Young, Martin E. McElfresh, Tracy A. Chess, David J. Sharov, Victor G. Sabbah, Hani N. Hoit, Brian D. Ernsberger, Paul Chandler, Margaret P. Stanley, William C. TI Low carbohydrate/high-fat diet attenuates cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling, and altered gene expression in hypertension SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE cardiac; heart; fatty acid; lipid; mitochondria ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HYPERTROPHY; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; LEFT-VENTRICULAR MASS; WALL STRESS; LIPOTOXIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ACID OXIDATION; FAILURE AB The effects of dietary fat intake on the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and accompanying structural and molecular remodeling in response to hypertension are not understood. The present study compared the effects of a high-fat versus a low-fat diet on development of left ventricular hypertrophy, remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and induction of molecular markers of hypertrophy (ie, expression of mRNA for atrial natriuretic factor and myosin heavy chain beta). Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed either a low-fat (10% of total energy from fat) or a high-fat (60% of total energy from fat) diet on either low-salt or high-salt (6% NaCl) chow for 12 weeks. Hearts were analyzed for mRNA markers of ventricular remodeling and activities of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Similar levels of hypertension were achieved with high-salt feeding in both diet groups (systolic pressure of approximate to 190 mm Hg). In hypertensive rats fed low-fat chow, left ventricular mass, myocyte cross-sectional area, and end-diastolic volume were increased, and ejection fraction was decreased; however, these effects were not observed with the high-fat diet. Hypertensive animals on low-fat chow had increased atrial natriuretic factor mRNA, myosin heavy chain isoform switching (alpha to beta), and decreased activity of citrate synthase and medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, which were all attenuated by high-fat feeding. In conclusion, increased dietary lipid intake can reduce cardiac growth, left ventricular remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and alterations in gene expression in response to hypertension. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Div Cardiovasc Med, Dept Med, Detroit, MI USA. Henry Ford Heart & Vasc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Stanley, WC (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM wcs4@case.edu RI Ernsberger, Paul/O-2702-2014 OI Ernsberger, Paul/0000-0003-2372-2500 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL074237, HL074259] NR 39 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD DEC PY 2006 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1123 DI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000248430.26229.0f PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 127PH UT WOS:000243598300021 PM 17060511 ER PT J AU Nigmatullin, RR Nelson, SO AF Nigmatullin, R. R. Nelson, S. O. TI New quantitative "reading" of dielectric spectra of complex biological systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE permittivity; dielectric spectroscopy; dielectric relaxation; insects; reduced collective motions; eigen-coordinates method ID KINETIC-EQUATIONS; RECOGNITION; DERIVATIVES; RELAXATION; RF AB Dielectric spectroscopy data from measurements on four insect species from 200 MHz to 20 GHz over a temperature range from 10 to 70 degrees C are described through reduction of numerous micromotions to a few collective motions, recognition of a low-frequency dispersion through ratio presentation format, application of a self-consistent iteration procedure, a separation procedure for types of collective motions, and application of the eigen-coordinates method for calculation of seven fitting parameters. Use of such fitting parameters to describe the total system relaxation processes quantitatively should enable practical uses of dielectric spectroscopy for measuring desired qualities or characteristics of biological and other complex materials. This general approach based on the reduction procedure and the use of different formats, including the original fitting procedure, allows more precise determination of the corresponding fitting function and description of dielectric spectra of complex systems. The application of this general methodology can be considered as the basic goal and motivation for this paper. C1 Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Fac Phys, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nigmatullin, RR (reprint author), Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Fac Phys, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1325 EP 1334 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2006.258204 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 118OE UT WOS:000242950800015 ER PT J AU McConchie, BW Norris, HH Bundoc, VG Trivedi, S Boesen, A Urban, JF Keane-Myers, AM AF McConchie, Brittany W. Norris, Hillary H. Bundoc, Virgilio G. Trivedi, Shweta Boesen, Agnieszka Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Keane-Myers, Andrea M. TI Ascaris suum-derived products suppress mucosal allergic inflammation in an interleukin-10-independent manner via interference with dendritic cell function SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI INFECTION; HETEROLOGOUS IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GABONESE SCHOOLCHILDREN; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS; NEMATODE ASCARIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ABA-1 ALLERGEN; T-CELLS; MODULATION AB We have previously demonstrated that protection from allergic inflammation by Ascaris suum infection was characterized by a global increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the development of protective CD4(+)/D25(+) T cells (L. Schopf, S. Luccioli, V. Bundoc, P. Justice, C. C. Chan, B. J. Wetzel, H. H. Norris, J. F. Urban, Jr., and A. Keane-Myers, Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46:2772-2780, 2005). Here, we used A. suum pseudocoelomic fluid (PCF) in lieu of infection to define molecular mechanisms of allergic protection in a mouse model of allergic inflammation. Mice were sensitized with ragweed (RW) and PCF (RW/PCF), PCF alone, or RW alone and then challenged intratracheally, intranasally, and supraocularly with RW. Histological examination of the eyes and lungs, analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and characterization of ex vivo cytokine responses were performed to determine allergic inflammatory responses. RW/PCF-treated mice had suppressed allergic immune responses compared to mice given RW alone. To investigate whether IL-10 was involved in PCF-mediated allergic protection, similar experiments were performed using mice genetically deficient for IL-10. Persistent protection from allergic disease was observed in the absence of IL-10, indicating the primary mechanism of PCF protection is IL-10 independent. Ex vivo and in vitro analysis of PCF-treated dendritic cells (DC) demonstrated reduced activation receptor expression and cytokine production in response to either RW or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. These findings extend previous studies that showed infection with A. suum alters expression of allergic disease and suggest that PCF can contribute to this effect by interference with DC function. C1 NIAID, Lab Allerg Dis, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USDA ARS, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McConchie, BW (reprint author), Twinbrook 2 Room 125,12441 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM akeane@niaid.nih.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 BP 6632 EP 6641 DI 10.1128/IAI.00720-06 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109KX UT WOS:000242308100013 PM 16966410 ER PT J AU Harrison, JF Fewell, JH Anderson, KE Loper, GM AF Harrison, Jon F. Fewell, Jennifer H. Anderson, Kirk E. Loper, Geraid M. TI Environmental physiology of the invasion of the Americas by Africanized honeybees SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL ID BEES APIS-MELLIFERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EUROPEAN HONEYBEES; SOUTH-AMERICA; COSTA-RICA; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS; WORKERS; L.; BEHAVIOR AB The expansion of Africanized honeybees (AHB) through the Americas has been one of the most spectacular and best-studied invasions by a biotype. African and European honeybees (EHB) hybridize, but with time, tropical and subtropical American environments have become dominated by AHB that exhibit only 20-35% genetic contribution from western European bees, and a predominance of African behavioral and physiological traits. EHB persist in temperate environments. Clines between AHB and EHB exist in ecotones of South and Central America, and are forming in North America. What individual-level genetic, behavioral and physiological traits determine the relative success of the AHB as an invader in the neotropics, and of the EHB in temperate areas? Preference for pollen versus nectar may be an important trait mediating these ecological trade-offs, as preference for pollen enhances nutrient intake and brood production for the AHB in the tropics, while a relative preference for nectar enhances honey stores and winter survival for EHB. AHB exhibit morphological (higher thorax-to-body mass ratios) and physiological (higher thorax-specific metabolic rates) traits that may improve flight capacity, dispersal, mating success and foraging intake. Enhanced winter longevity, linked with higher hemolymph vitellogenin levels, may be a key factor improving winter survival of EHB. Data from South America and distributions of AHB in the southwestern United States suggest that AHB-EHB hybrids will extend 200 km north of regions with a January maximal temperatures of 15-16 degrees C. The formation of biotypic clines between AHB and EHB represents a unique opportunity to examine mechanisms responsible for the range limit of invaders. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Harrison, JF (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM J.Harrison@asu.edu NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1110 EP 1122 DI 10.1093/icb/icl046 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 111HP UT WOS:000242442300038 PM 21672812 ER PT J AU Halon, L Hranitz, JM Brubaker, KD Yocum, GD Barthell, JF AF Halon, L. Hranitz, J. M. Brubaker, K. D. Yocum, G. D. Barthell, J. F. TI Comparison of stress protein cDNA and amino acid sequences among three bee species in different thermal environments SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. USDA Lab, Fargo, ND USA. Univ Cent Oklahoma, Edmond, OK USA. EM lthalon@bloomu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E201 EP E201 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100800 ER PT J AU Peyer, SM Hermanson, JC Lee, CE AF Peyer, S. M. Hermanson, J. C. Lee, C. E. TI Quantifying zebra and quagga mussel performance on hard versus sedimentary substrates using a random walk analysis SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM smpeyer@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E237 EP E237 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100944 ER PT J AU Small, BC Murdock, CA AF Small, B. C. Murdock, C. A. TI Seasonal pituitary mRNA expression of steroidogenic factor-1 and a splice-variant during ovarian steroidogenesis and development in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Jackson State Univ, USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Jackson, MS USA. EM bsmall@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E131 EP E131 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100523 ER PT J AU Sammataro, D AF Sammataro, Diana TI An easy dissection technique for finding the tracheal mite, Acarapis Woodi (Rennie) (Acari : Tarsonemidae), in honey bees, with video link SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Tarsonemidae; Acarapis woodi (Rennie); bee mite; tracheal mite; video link ID HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; COLONIES AB Since the introduction of varroa mites (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, 2000), the impact of tracheal mites on bees has been largely overshadowed or ignored. Tracheal mites are still present in bees, and may be responsible for some unexplained colony losses. If they cause bee mortality, it is important to be able to identify their presence and at what levels. This paper illustrates a quick and easy technique for dissecting bees for tracheal mites. Hopefully, the video link will be a useful training tool for researchers, beekeepers or regulatory personnel who need to test bees for the mite's presence. Tracheal mites are still present in some areas and can be introduced through the sale of bee packages or purchased queens. The presence or absence of these mites can also help determine or eliminate the cause of unexplained colony losses, especially in overwintered colonies. C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Sammataro, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dsammataro@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 339 EP 343 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 111KD UT WOS:000242449200001 ER PT J AU Danin-Poleg, Y Somer, L Cohen, LA Diamant, E Palti, Y Kashi, Y AF Danin-Poleg, Yael Somer, Lilach Cohen, Lyora A. Diamant, Eran Palti, Yniv Kashi, Yechezkel TI Towards the definition of pathogenic microbe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International ICFMH Symposium on Food Micro CY 2004 CL Potoroz, SLOVENIA DE bacterial typing; simple sequence repeats; microsatellite; mononucleotide repeats; Listeria monocytogenes; Escherichia coli; Vibrio cholerae ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; CHIRONOMID EGG MASSES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CLONAL RELATIONSHIPS; DIVERSITY; STRAINS AB Identification and typing of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms have become major objectives over the past decade in microbiology. in food, strain typing is necessary to ensure food safety and for linking cases of foodborne infections to suspected items. Recent advances in molecular biology have resulted in the development of numerous DNA-based methods for discrimination among bacterial strains. Here, we present the use of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR, or Microsatellites) for bacterial typing. SSRs are a class of short DNA sequence motifs that are tandemly repeated at a specific locus. Cornputer-based screen of the complete genomic DNA sequences of various prokaryotes showed the existence of tens of thousands well distributed SSR tracts. Mono Nucleotides Repeats (MNRs) are the majority of SSR tracts in bacteria, therefore selected MNR loci were analyzed for variation among strains belonging to three bacterial species: Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Pibrio cholerae. High levels of polymorphism in the number of repeats was observed. The finding that most of the MNR tracts are variable in bacterial genomes, but stable at the strain level, allows the use of MNRs for bacterial strains identification. The variation in MNR tracts enables the separation between virulent and non-virulent strain groups and further discriminates among bacterial isolates, in the three tested bacterial species. The uncovered MNR polymorphism is important as a genome-wide source of variation, both in practical applications (e.g. rapid strain identification) and in evolutionary studies. This multi-locus MNR strategy could be applied for high throughput bacterial typing by assigning an "identity number" for each strain based on MNR variations. The developed typing technology should include the fingerprint database for large bacterial strain collections and a high throughput scanner. This accurate and rapid tool can have a major role in decreasing the incidences of food-related outbreaks and will contribute to limit epidemics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Food Engn, Grand Water Res Inst, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Kashi, Y (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol & Food Engn, Grand Water Res Inst, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM kashi@tx.technion.ac.il RI Kashi, Yechezkel/D-5433-2013 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 112 IS 3 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.010 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 114AP UT WOS:000242639400008 PM 16919836 ER PT J AU Shin, MJ Jang, Y Koh, SJ Chae, JS Kim, OY Lee, JE Ordovas, JM Lee, JH AF Shin, M-J Jang, Y. Koh, S. J. Chae, J. S. Kim, O. Y. Lee, J. E. Ordovas, J. M. Lee, J. H. TI The association of SNP276G > 4T at adiponectin gene with circulating adiponectin and insulin resistance in response to mild weight loss SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE adiponectin; 267G > T; weight loss; overweight-obesity; insulin resistance ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; APM1 GENE; SERUM ADIPONECTIN; PROXIMAL PROMOTER; OBESE SUBJECTS; RISK; PROTEIN; SENSITIVITY; CAUCASIANS AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) locus influence changes in circulating adiponectin and the features of insulin resistance in response to a weight loss intervention. Subjects: In total, 294 nondiabetic/overweight - obese Koreans participated in a clinical intervention study lasting 12 weeks involving a caloric reduction of -300kcal/day. Methods: Plasma adiponectin, blood lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at baseline and after weight loss. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) derived from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. We genotyped for three SNPs, 45T > G, 276G > T and -11377C > G. Results: At baseline, HOMA- IR was significantly higher in GG homozygotes than in carriers of the T allele at SNP276G > T of the adiponectin gene (P < 0.05). With regard to SNP45T > G and SNP -11377C > G, we did not find any genotype related differences in baseline levels of HOMA-IR and adiponectin. In the 45/276 haplotype test, homozygous for the TG haplotype had significantly lower concentrations of plasma adiponectin (P < 0.05). After the 12-week weight loss intervention, the significant decreases in HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) and increases in adiponectin (P < 0.01) were observed in GG homozygotes at SNP276, which were not shown in carriers of the T allele. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the decreases in HOMA- IR between the GG homozygotes and carriers of the T allele at SNP276 (P < 0.05). Regarding SNP45T > G and SNP -11377C > G, there was no association between SNP45T > G and SNP -11377C > G and decreases in HOMA-IR. In the 45/276 haplotype test, there was a significant difference in changes of adiponectin levels among those with different haplotype combinations (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The SNP276G > T of the ADIPOQ gene is associated with different responses of circulating adiponectin and insulin resistance to mild weight loss in overweight-obese subjects. C1 Yonsei Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Yonsei Cardiovasc Res Inst, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. DNA Link Corp, Seoul, South Korea. Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, 134 Shinchon Ding, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM bumbong2@hanmail.net OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1702 EP 1708 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803338 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 109VO UT WOS:000242337400002 PM 16607383 ER PT J AU Hershberger, WK AF Hershberger, William K. TI What can history tell us about the future of aquaculture genetics SO ISRAELI JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE-BAMIDGEH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BARD Workshop on Aquaculture Genetics - Status and Prospects CY FEB 20-23, 2006 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP BARD DE genetic modification; selective breeding; crossbreeding; hybridization; chromosome set manipulation; transgenesis; genetic monitoring; genetic mining ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO-L; COMMON CARP; GROWTH-RATE; IMPROVEMENT; SELECTION; FISH; HYBRIDIZATION; MANIPULATION; STRAINS AB Historically, genetics has not been a major part of aquatic sciences education or practices. However, it is interesting to note that one of the first animals used for genetic research after rediscovery of Mendel's results was a Poeciliid, i.e., the guppy. Furthermore, the use of genetic principles and practices for improvement of aquatic species raised under controlled or semi-controlled conditions has not become a standard component of aquaculture production, contrary to the situation with other agricultural plants and animals. A number of explanations for the lack of utilization of otherwise accepted genetic approaches will be explored. In addition to the seeming reticence to employ the standard genetic approaches in aquaculture, realization of the purported promise of some of the more recently developed molecular genetic tools has been slower than anticipated. In addition to the difficulties experienced with deployment of this technology, the costs and the need for larger multidisciplinary teams to develop the tools for reliable analyses have raised challenges not previously experienced in the field. These factors have led to increased efforts to utilize cooperative approaches to major genetic problems that need to be solved. It would appear that future employment of modern genetic analytical tools to improve aquaculture production will be enhanced and, in fact, further assured via cooperative research ventures. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. RP Hershberger, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. EM Bill.Hershberger@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOCIETY OF ISRAELI AQUACULTURE & MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY PI EILAT PA PO BOX 1212, EILAT, 88112, ISRAEL SN 0792-156X J9 ISR J AQUACULT-BAMID JI Isr. J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh PD DEC PY 2006 VL 58 IS 4 SI SI BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 125NW UT WOS:000243449800002 ER PT J AU Silverstein, JT Weber, GM Rexroad, CE Vallejo, RL AF Silverstein, Jeffrey T. Weber, Gregory M. Rexroad, Caird E., III Vallejo, Roger L. TI Genetics and genomics - Integration of molecular genetics into a breeding program for rainbow trout SO ISRAELI JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE-BAMIDGEH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BARD Workshop on Aquaculture Genetics - Status and Prospects CY FEB 20-23, 2006 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP BARD DE rainbow trout; selective breeding; marker assisted selection ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CYPRINUS-CARPIO-L; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COMMON CARP; GROWTH; SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; CORTISOL AB At the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture (US Department of Agriculture, Ag. Research Service) in Leetown, WV, we have a broodstock development program now entering the second generation of family-based selective breeding using expected breeding values (EBVs). Our major breeding objectives are faster growth and resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease. For these traits we have developed assays to evaluate phenotypic performance. In addition to our breeding program, we are participating in an international collaboration to develop a microsatellite marker linkage map for the rainbow trout with the intent of identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) and using them in marker (MAS) or gene-assisted (GAS) selection. There are several possible approaches with regard to the types and numbers of markers to develop and the strategies and methods for implementing the markers in a selective breeding program. This paper describes the choices we made concerning QTL identification for traits of high, low, and unknown degrees of heritability. These traits are plasma cortisol response to a crowding stress (h(2) = 0.4), feed intake (h(2) = 0.1) and resistance to F. psychrophilum (0.3 < h(2)< 0.4). In order to identify QTL in a relevant commercially important rainbow trout line, we are making crosses from within our resource population. The development of research family crosses, choice of markers for genome scanning, and planned steps to implementation of these results are described. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Silverstein, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Jeff.Silverstein@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOCIETY OF ISRAELI AQUACULTURE & MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY PI EILAT PA PO BOX 1212, EILAT, 88112, ISRAEL SN 0792-156X J9 ISR J AQUACULT-BAMID JI Isr. J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh PD DEC PY 2006 VL 58 IS 4 SI SI BP 231 EP 237 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 125NW UT WOS:000243449800004 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Palti, Y Vallejo, RL Silverstein, JT AF Rexroad, Caird E., III Palti, Yniv Vallejo, Roger L. Silverstein, Jeffrey T. TI Integration of molecular genetic information into the NCCCWA selective breeding program for rainbow trout SO ISRAELI JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE-BAMIDGEH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BARD Workshop on Aquaculture Genetics - Status and Prospects CY FEB 20-23, 2006 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP BARD DE rainbow trout; microsatellite; genetic map; expressed sequence tag ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MICROSATELLITE LINKAGE MAP; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; RECOMBINATION RATES; FISH; MICROARRAY; DUPLICATION; REVEALS AB The USDA/ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture (NCCCWA) in Leetown, West Virginia, is working to integrate molecular genetic technologies into a selective breeding program aimed at the genetic improvement of rainbow trout for aquaculture production efficiency. Our multidisciplinary approach aims to incorporate genome information with respect to disease resistance and stress, growth, and reproductive physiology into our selective breeding program. Selective breeding is based on the hypothesis that sufficient genetic variation exists in broodstock to realize genetic improvement through contributions of superior performing germplasm to future generations. Our associated goal is to develop and transfer improved germplasm and technologies to the aquaculture industry. Our approach to implementing molecular information into our breeding program is outlined under three objectives: (a) development of a genetic map to reveal chromosomal locations affecting traits associated with aquaculture production, (b) use of a candidate gene approach to identify and characterize genes affecting important aquaculture production traits through functional genomic technologies, and (c) development of bioinformatic strategies to implement genetic mapping and functional genomic information into a selective breeding program. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM caird.rexroadiii@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOCIETY OF ISRAELI AQUACULTURE & MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY PI EILAT PA PO BOX 1212, EILAT, 88112, ISRAEL SN 0792-156X J9 ISR J AQUACULT-BAMID JI Isr. J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh PD DEC PY 2006 VL 58 IS 4 SI SI BP 323 EP 327 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 125NW UT WOS:000243449800013 ER PT J AU Papathakis, PC Van Loan, MD Rollins, NC Chantry, CJ Bennish, ML Brown, KH AF Papathakis, Peggy C. Van Loan, Marta D. Rollins, Nigel C. Chantry, Caroline J. Bennish, Michael L. Brown, Kenneth H. TI Body composition changes during lactation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African women SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE breast-feeding; lactation; body composition; fat-free mass; fat mass; HIV ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; WEIGHT-LOSS; INFANTS; MOTHERS; COHORT; MASS; OVERWEIGHT; TRANSMISSION; APPROPRIATE; PREGNANCY AB Background: The nutritional consequences of HIV infection in lactating women are unknown. Objective: To measure the body composition of South African lactating women in relation to HIV status. Methods: Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) using bioimpedance spectrometry (BIS) and anthropometric measurements were obtained at 8 and 24 weeks postpartum in 92 HIV-infected (HlVpos) and 50 HIV-uninfected (HIVneg) lactating mothers. Results: At 8 weeks, HIVpos and HIVneg mothers were not significantly different in height (159.7 vs. 158.9 cm), weight (62.7 vs. 63.9 kg), body mass index (BMI; 24.6 vs. 25.3 kg/m(2)), FFM (40.7 vs. 42.8 kg), or FM (21.6 vs. 22.0 kg), respectively. In HIVpos women, the median CD4(+) count was 621 (range: 101-1585) cells/mu L; 95% had CD4(+) counts > 200 cells/mu L. Between 8 and 24 weeks, HIVpos mothers had a mean weight loss of 1.4 kg in contrast to a 0.4-kg weight gain in HIVneg mothers (P < 0.01). There were no significant group differences with regard to change in FFM (0.3 vs. 0.1 kg; P = 0.9) and FM (- 1.5 vs. -0.3 kg; P = 0.2). Conclusion: HlVpos South African breast-feeding mothers without severe immune suppression lost weight and subcutaneous fat between 8 and 24 weeks postpartum, whereas HIVneg mothers gained weight. FFM was maintained postpartum in HIVpos and HIVneg mothers. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Program Int Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med, Dept Paediat, Durban, South Africa. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Papathakis, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Program Int Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pcpapathakis@ucdavis.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [1K24 AI/HD 01671-01]; Wellcome Trust [050524, 062925, 063957] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000243094.42276.92 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106VH UT WOS:000242129600014 PM 16980904 ER PT J AU Petrolia, DR Gowda, PH AF Petrolia, Daniel R. Gowda, Prasanna H. TI An analysis of the role of tile-drained farmland under alternative nitrogen abatement policies SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE abatement; ADAPT; drainage; hypoxia; nitrogen ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITRATE-NITROGEN; STRATEGIES; LOSSES; WATER; CROP; CONVERSION; MINNESOTA AB Agricultural nitrogen is a major contributor to Gulf of Mexico hypoxia, and research has shown that agricultural subsurface tile drainage is a major carrier of nitrogen from croplands to streams and rivers. This study compares the results of abating nitrogen under a retired-land minimization policy with those of a net revenue-maximizing policy, paying particular attention to the role of tile-drained land. Findings reveal the retirement-minimizing policy resulted in more tile-drained land being retired and less being fertilizer-managed than was optimal under the net-retum maximizing policy. Also, it led to a greater economic burden being shouldered by tile-drained land. Under both cases, tile drainage dominated the abatement process. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS USA. USDA, ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX USA. RP Petrolia, DR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS USA. RI Petrolia, Daniel/I-4221-2013 OI Petrolia, Daniel/0000-0003-2102-1612 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 580 EP 594 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 115PQ UT WOS:000242746600008 ER PT J AU Weiss, A Wilhelm, WW AF Weiss, A. Wilhelm, W. W. TI The circuitous path to the comparison of simulated values from crop models with field observations SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ASTRONOMICAL-ALMANACS ALGORITHM; SOLAR POSITION 1950-2050; DIFFERENT SOWING DATES; WINTER-WHEAT CROPS; WATER-USE MODEL; SPRING WHEAT; ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION; PHASIC DEVELOPMENT; LEAF APPEARANCE; GROWTH-STAGES AB The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge has been it fixture in dissemination of crop Simulation models and the concepts and data upon which they are built since the inception of computers and computer modelling in the mid-20th century. To quantify the performance of a crop simulation model, model outputs are compared with observed values using statistical measures of bias, i.e. the difference between simulated and observed values. While applying these statistical measures is unambiguous for the experienced user, the same cannot always be said of determining the observed or simulated values. For example, differences in accessing crop development can be due to the subjectivity of an observer or to a definition that is difficult to apply in the field. Methods of determining kernel number, kernel mass, and yield can vary among researchers, which can add errors to comparisons between experimental observations and simulated results. If kernel moisture is not carefully determined and reported it can add error to values of grain yield and kernels per unit area regardless of the protocol used to collect these data. Inaccurate determination of kernel moisture will also influence computation of grain protein or oil content. Problems can also be associated with input data to the simulation models. Under-reporting of precipitation values from tipping bucket rain gauges, commonly found on automated weather stations, can introduce errors in results from crop simulation models. Using weather data collected too far from an experimental site may compound problems with input data. The importance of accurate soil and weather input data increases as the environment becomes more limiting for plant growth and development. Problems can also arise from algorithms that calculate important parameters in a model, such as daylength, which is used to determine a photoperiod response. Errors in the calculation of photoperiod can be related to the definition of sunrise and sunset and the inclusion or exclusion of civil twilight or to the improper calculation of the solar declination. Even the simple calculation of the daily mean air temperature can have an impact on the results from a non-linear algorithm. During a period when crop simulation modelling is moving in the difficult direction of incorporating genomic-based inputs, the critical importance of careful and accurate collection and reporting of field data and the need to develop robust algorithms that accommodate readily available or easily acquired input data should not be forgotten. As scientists we have an obligation to provide the best available knowledge and understanding as possible. Avoiding potential pitfalls will assist us as we develop new knowledge and understanding and incorporate these concepts into new or modified crop simulation models. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wilhelm, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, 120 Keim Hall UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM wwilhelm1@unl.edu NR 109 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 144 BP 475 EP 488 DI 10.1017/S0021859606006460 PN 6 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 118QL UT WOS:000242956700001 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Carey, AN Neurnan, A Bielinski, DF AF Joseph, J. A. Fisher, D. R. Carey, A. N. Neurnan, A. Bielinski, D. F. TI Dopamine-induced stress signaling in COS-7 cells transfected with selectively vulnerable muscarinic receptor subtypes is partially mediated via the i3 loop and antagonized by blueberry extract SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; UP-REGULATION; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; BINDING-SITES; HUMAN BRAIN; ACTIVATION; CALCIUM; AGE AB Muscarinic receptors (MAChRs) are intimately involved in various aspects of both Deuronal and Vascular functioning, and there is selective oxidative stress sensitivity (OSS) among MAChR Subtypes, with M 1, M2, and M4 showing, > OSS. OSS was assessed by determining the loss of ability of the cell to extrude or sequester Ca2+ following oxotremorine-induced depolarization following exposure to dopamine (DA) subtypes in transfected COS-7 cells. This OSS can be prevented by pretreatment with blueberry (BB) extract. Present studies were carried out to determine BB treatment of the cells transfected with wild type, truncated or chimeric [where the D loop of one receptor was switched with the i3 loop of the other: i.e.. M1 (M3i3) and M3(M1 i3)] receptors would alter DA-induced changes in calcium buffering and would confer protection through alterations in pMAPK, pCREB or PKC signaling. These findings also Suggest that BB may antagonize OS effects by lowering activation of pCREB and possibly PKC-induced by DA. In the truncated and chimeric receptors, results indicated that BB reduced OSS in response to DA in M1-transfected cells. However, BBs were also effective in preventing these Ca2+ buffering deficits in cells transfected with M1 receptors in which the i3 loop had been removed, but only partially enhanced the protective effects of the M3 D loop in the M1 (M3i3) chimerics. A similar partial effect of BBs was seen in the M3(M I i3) chimerics which showed increased OSS in response to DA. It appears that antioxidants found in BBs might be targeting additional sites on these chimerics to decrease OSS. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 68 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 423 EP 437 PG 15 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 134YP UT WOS:000244120900012 PM 17183155 ER PT J AU Casas, E Stone, RT AF Casas, E. Stone, R. T. TI Putative quantitative trait loci associated with the probability of contracting infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine keratoconjunctivitis; quantitative trait locus ID REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; GENETIC DISSECTION; MILK-PRODUCTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; GENOME SCAN; POPULATION; CARCASS; GROWTH; HEALTH; CROSS AB Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, also known as pinkeye, is an economically important disease in cattle. The objective of this study was to detect QTL associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in offspring from a Brahman x Hereford sire. The sire was mated to Hereford, Angus, and F, cows to produce 288 offspring in 1994 and mated to MARC 111 (1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Red Poll, and 1/4 Pinzgauer) cows in 1996 to produce 259 offspring (547 animals total). Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed by physical examination in 36 animals of the family. Records included unilateral and bilateral frequency, but not severity. Records were binary: 0 for unaffected and 1 for affected cattle. A putative QTL for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was identified on chromosome 1, with a maximum F-statistic (F = 10.15; P = 0.0015) at centimorgan 79 of the linkage group. The support interval spanned centimorgans 66 to 110. There was also evidence suggesting the presence of a QTL for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis on chromosome 20, with a maximum F-statistic (F = 10.35; P = 0.0014) at centimorgan 16 of the linkage group. The support interval ranged from centimorgan 2 to 35. This report provides the initial evidence of QTL for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Although a candidate gene was identified for one of the regions of interest, further studies are needed to identify the genetic basis of resistance to the disease. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM casas@email.marc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 12 BP 3180 EP 3184 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-200 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 105DD UT WOS:000242008600002 PM 17093209 ER PT J AU Cole, NA Defoor, PJ Galyean, ML Duff, GC Gleghorn, JF AF Cole, N. A. Defoor, P. J. Galyean, M. L. Duff, G. C. Gleghorn, J. F. TI Effects of phase-feeding of crude protein on performance, carcass characteristics, serum urea nitrogen concentrations, and manure nitrogen of finishing beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; crude protein concentration; feedlot; phase feeding; serum urea nitrogen ID RUMINAL METABOLISM; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; CATTLE DIETS; DAIRY-CATTLE; REQUIREMENT; FEEDLOT; BALANCE; SYSTEM; LEVEL AB As cattle mature, the dietary protein requirement, as a percentage of the diet, decreases. Thus, decreasing the dietary CP concentration during the latter part of the finishing period might decrease feed costs and N losses to the environment. Three hundred eighteen medium-framed crossbred steers (315 5 kg) fed 90% (DM basis) concentrate, steam-flaked, corn-based diets were used to evaluate the effect of phase-feeding of CP on performance and carcass characteristics, serum urea N concentrations, and manure characteristics. Steers were blocked by BW and assigned randomly to 36 feedlot pens (8 to 10 steers per pen). After a 21-d step-up period, the following dietary treatments (DM basis) were assigned randomly to pens within a weight block: 1) 11.5% CP diet fed throughout; 2) 13% CP diet fed throughout; 3) switched from an 11.5 to a 10% CP diet when approximately 56 d remained in the feeding period; 4) switched from a 13 to an 11.5% CP diet when 56 d remained; 5) switched from a 13 to a 10% CP diet when 56 d remained; and 6) switched from a 13 to an 11.5% CP diet when 28 d remained. Blocks of cattle were slaughtered when approximately 60% of the cattle within the weight block were visually estimated to grade USDA Choice (average days on feed = 182). Nitrogen volatilization losses were estimated by the change in the N:P ratio of the diet and pen surface manure. Cattle switched from 13 to 10% CP diets with 56 d remaining on feed or from 13 to 11.5% CP with only 28 d remaining on feed had lower (P < 0.05) ADG, DMI, and GY than steers fed a 13% CP diet throughout. Steers on the phase-feeding regimens had lower (P = 0.05) ADG and DMI during the last 56 d on feed than steers fed 13.0% CP diet throughout. Carcass characteristics were not affected by dietary regimen. Performance by cattle fed a constant 11.5% CP diet did not differ from those fed a 13% CP diet. Serum urea N concentrations increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary CP concentrations. Phase-feeding decreased estimated N excretion by 1.5 to 3.8 kg/steer and nitrogen volatilization losses by 3 to 5 kg/steer. The results suggest that modest changes in dietary CP concentration in the latter portion of the feeding period may have relatively small effects on overall beef cattle performance, but that decreasing dietary CP to 10% of DM would adversely affect performance of cattle fed high-concentrate, steam-flaked, corn-based diets. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Clayton Livestock Res Ctr, Clayton, Vic 88415, Australia. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Cole, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM nacole@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 12 BP 3421 EP 3432 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-150 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 105DD UT WOS:000242008600030 PM 17093237 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, W. L. TI Feeding history effects on feeding responses of Rhagoletis indifferens (Dipt., Tephritidae) to GF-120 and Nulure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein baits; sucrose; western cherry fruit fly; yeast extract ID BLUEBERRY MAGGOT DIPTERA; FLY BAIT SPRAY; FLIES DIPTERA; FRUIT-FLY; POMONELLA DIPTERA; PROTEIN BAITS; APPLE MAGGOT; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; AMMONIUM ACETATE AB Effects of feeding history on feeding responses of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, to the commercial protein baits GF-120 and Nulure were determined in the laboratory. Flies were kept on 5% sucrose alone or yeast extract and sucrose (Y + S) for 3-7 or 14-16 days and exposed to 24-h-old GF-120 or Nulure drops on artificial leaves. Numbers and durations of feeding events on leaves and durations of non-feeding events were recorded over 1-h periods. Experiments were also conducted to determine effects of Y + S feeding sequences on responses to Nulure, of starvation after sucrose or Y + S feeding on responses to Nulure, and of feeding history on mortality after exposure to GF-120 and Nulure. Protein-deprived flies consistently fed more times on GF-120 and Nulure than protein-fed flies and fed longer. One day of exposure to Y + S or 16 h of starvation after exposure to sucrose caused greater feeding on Nulure than 7 days of exposure to Y + S or 16 h of starvation after exposure to Y + S. Durations of non-feeding events on leaves with sucrose or bait were similar in protein-deprived and -fed flies. Responses of 4- to 6-day-old flies kept on sucrose to 0- and 24-h-old GF-120 or Nulure were similar. More flies kept on sucrose were paralysed or dead at 6-32 h after exposure to GF-120 or Nulure with spinosad than flies kept on Y + S. Results show that complete or long periods of protein deprivation and starvation after sucrose feeding increased feeding responses to GF-120 and Nulure. The general lack of differences in durations of non-feeding events on leaves with sucrose or GF-120 or Nulure in protein-deprived and -fed flies suggests that most protein-deprived flies found baits through chance encounters following normal movement. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 130 IS 9-10 BP 538 EP 550 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01110.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 105FZ UT WOS:000242017100013 ER PT J AU Hiett, KL Seal, BS Siragusa, GR AF Hiett, K. L. Seal, B. S. Siragusa, G. R. TI Campylobacter spp. subtype analysis using gel-based repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR discriminates in parallel fashion to flaA short variable region DNA sequence analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; disease surveillance; food safety microbiology; genotyping; poultry; repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR; zoonoses ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; POULTRY OPERATIONS; JEJUNI; COLI; ELECTROPHORESIS; DISEASE; GENOMES; ORGANISMS AB Aims: The repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) subtyping technique, which targets repetitive extragenic DNA sequences in a PCR, was optimized for Campylobacter spp. These data were then used for comparison with the established genotyping method of flaA short variable region (SVR) DNA sequence analysis as a tool for molecular epidemiology. Methods and Results: Uprime Dt, Uprime B1 or Uprime RI primers were utilized to generate gel-based fingerprints from a set of 50 Campylobacter spp. isolates recovered from a variety of epidemiological backgrounds and sources. Analysis and phenogram tree construction, using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, of the generated fingerprints demonstrated that the Uprime Dt primers were effective in providing reproducible patterns (100% typability, 99% reproducibility) and at placing isolates into epidemiological relevant groups. Genetic stability of the rep-PCR Uprime Dt patterns under nonselective, short-term transfer conditions revealed a Pearson's correlation approaching 99%. These same 50 Campylobacter spp. isolates were analysed by flaA SVR DNA sequence analysis to obtain phylogenetic relationships. Conclusions: The Uprime Dt primer-generated rep-PCR phenogram was compared with a phenogram generated from flaA SVR DNA sequence analysis of the same isolates. Comparison of the two sets of resulting genomic relationships revealed that both methods segregated isolates into similar groups. Significance and Impact of the Study: These results indicate that rep-PCR analysis performed using the Mo Bio Ultra Clean Microbial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit for DNA isolation and the Uprime DT primer set for amplification is a useful and effective tool for accurate differentiation of Campylobacter spp. for subtyping and epidemiological analyses. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM khiett@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1258 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03026.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 112OG UT WOS:000242535100007 PM 17105555 ER PT J AU Bauer-Garland, J Frye, JG Gray, JT Berrang, ME Harrison, MA Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Bauer-Garland, J. Frye, J. G. Gray, J. T. Berrang, M. E. Harrison, M. A. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Transmission of Salmonella enterica, serotype Typhimurium in poultry with and without antimicrobial selective pressure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial selective pressure; poultry; Salmonella Typhimurium; tetracycline; transmission ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; AGRICULTURE; INFECTIONS; GENES; SWINE AB Aims: To determine the effect of antimicrobial selective pressure on the transmission of antimicrobial resistant and sensitive strains of Salmonella in poultry. Methods and Results: Eight pens housed 12 broiler chicks each. Two chicks in four of the pens were inoculated with a Salm. Typhimurium strain resistant to 12 antimicrobials (including tetracycline), and two chicks in each of the four other pens were inoculated with a strain sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. Two pens inoculated with each strain were treated with chlortetracycline and two were not. Chicks were killed on day 7 and caeca were cultured for Salmonella. Experiments were performed independently twice. Chicks exposed to pen mates inoculated with the resistant strain and treated with tetracycline were 90% positive for Salmonella; whereas 60% of chicks given no antimicrobials were positive. Chicks exposed to the sensitive strain were 95% positive with tetracycline treatment and 90% positive without treatment. Conclusions: A multidrug-resistant Salm. Typhimurium strain had significantly increased transmission when chicks were treated with tetracycline. Transmission of a sensitive strain was not inhibited by antimicrobial selective pressure at recommended therapeutic dose. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrates that antimicrobial usage may influence the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in poultry. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Frye, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jfrye@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1308 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03036.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 112OG UT WOS:000242535100012 PM 17105560 ER PT J AU Fairchild, BD Northcutt, JK Mauldin, JM Buhr, RJ Richardson, LJ Cox, NA AF Fairchild, B. D. Northcutt, J. K. Mauldin, J. M. Buhr, R. J. Richardson, L. J. Cox, N. A. TI Influence of water provision to chicks before placement and effects on performance and incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; water; unabsorbed yolk; chick ID POSTHATCH HOLDING TIME; FEED WITHDRAWAL; BROILER PERFORMANCE; AIR TRANSPORT; INCUBATION; STRENGTH; QUALITY; BREEDERS; WEIGHT; GROWTH AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of water provision to chicks before placement on performance and the incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs. To accomplish this, a device was used that was designed to deliver water to chicks in chick baskets during holding at the hatchery and transportation to the growout house. Commercial chicks were obtained from the hatchery and held for either 24 or 48 h with or without access to water before placement. Chicks were then distributed into floor pens with ad libitum access to feed and water. At 6 wk of age, broilers were processed, and intestines were evaluated for presence or absence of an unabsorbed yolk sac and intestinal breaking strength. Body weight at placement was 2 to 6 g greater for chicks given access to water; however, this difference was not observed at any other time during the growout. Water provision during holding had no affect on feed consumption, mortality, or the birds' ability to completely absorb the yolk sac during the 6 wk growout. Incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs in 6 wk old birds ranged from 15 to 28%. Moreover, presence or absence of an unabsorbed yolk sac had no effect on intestinal breaking strength. Data from the present study demonstrates that providing chicks with water before placement does not influence performance, intestinal breaking strength, or the incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Fairchild, BD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM brianf@uga.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 538 EP 543 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 175HD UT WOS:000247003600007 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Northcutt, JK Fedorka-Cray, PJ Bailey, JS Fairchild, BD Mauldin, JM AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Northcutt, J. K. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Bailey, J. S. Fairchild, B. D. Mauldin, J. M. TI Natural occurrence of Campylobacter species, Salmonella serovars, and other bacteria in unabsorbed yolks of market-age commercial broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; Salmonella; Enterobacteriaceae; unabsorbed yolk sac; broiler ID BREEDER HENS; MECKEL DIVERTICULUM; CHICKENS; SAC; CONTAMINATION; POSTHATCH; POULTRY; TRACT AB In the developing avian embryo, the main energy source is the yolk. Toward the end of the incubation period, the remaining yolk sac is internalized into the abdominal cavity. At hatch, the remaining yolk comprises 20% of the chick's BW and provides the nutrients needed for maintenance. Posthatch, chicks rapidly initiate the transition from yolk dependence to the utilization of exogenous feed. However, at present, it is not known what types of bacteria are found to be associated with unabsorbed yolk sacs from market-age broilers. For Experiment 1, one hundred 6-wk-old defeathered broiler carcasses were obtained from a commercial processing facility during each of 3 visits. In the second experiment, one hundred 8-wk-old defeathered broiler carcasses were obtained from a different commercial processing plant on 4 separate occasions. For both experiments, each carcass was aseptically opened and inspected for the presence of an unabsorbed yolk sac. Three to 5 carcasses containing a free-floating yolk sac ( within the abdominal cavity) and the yolk stalk ( without a yolk sac) and 3 to 5 carcasses containing an attached yolk and yolk stalk from each repetition were randomly selected and analyzed for levels and types of total aerobic bacteria ( APC), Enterobacteriaceae ( ENT), and for the presence of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella serovars. The APC ranged from log 3.3 to > log 6.0, and the ENT ranged from log 2.8 to > log 6.0. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were the predominant organisms in APC, whereas Escherichia coli and Hafnia alvei were found to comprise the ENT. Campylobacter spp. was found in 29% of the yolk stalks, 32% of the attached yolk sacs, and 13% of the free-floating yolk sacs. All Campylobacter isolates were determined to be Campylobacter jejuni, except for 1 attached yolk and yolk stalk, which was Campylobacter coli. Salmonella serovars were found in 26% of the yolk stalks, 48% of the attached yolk sacs, and 23% of the free-floating yolk sacs, and the majority of Salmonella isolates were Salmonella Typhimurium. The significance of these bacterial reservoirs and carcass contamination during processing is yet to be determined. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, PMSRU, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, PPRU, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, BEAR, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, PMSRU, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ncox@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 175HD UT WOS:000247003600009 ER PT J AU James, JJ Aanderud, ZT Richards, JH AF James, J. J. Aanderud, Z. T. Richards, J. H. TI Seasonal timing of N pulses influences N capture in a saltbush scrub community SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Atriplex; Great Basin; Mojave; nitrogen isotopes; resource pulses; Sarcobatus ID COLD DESERT COMMUNITY; NITROGEN UPTAKE; WATER PULSES; GREAT-BASIN; AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; RESOURCE PULSES; ROOT RESPONSES; PLANT; SOIL; GROWTH AB Limiting resources are generally available in brief temporal pulses in arid systems. We compared the abilities of dominant shrubs in a saltbush scrub community to capture N from pulses and evaluated whether N capture and partitioning within this community is influenced by the seasonal timing of pulses. Based on previous research in agronomic systems we predicted that the ability of a species to capture N following a pulse would depend on when the pulse occurred in relation to plant growth rate and N demand. Supporting this hypothesis, Atriplex confertifolia and Sarcobatus vermiculatus, which had greater growth rates early in the growing season compared to Atriplex parryi, captured more N from early spring pulses than A. parryi. A triplex parryi, which had higher growth rates later in the growing season, captured more N from mid- and late spring pulses than the other species. These temporal differences in N capture among species, however, also depended on the magnitude of the N pulse. These results suggest that temporal variation in N availability may differentially impact competitive abilities of coexisting species and potentially facilitate species coexistence in arid systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 4 BP 688 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.03.014 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107GU UT WOS:000242159500012 ER PT J AU Boadu, E Choi, HY Lee, DWK Waddington, EI Chan, T Asztalos, B Vance, JE Chan, A Castro, G Francis, GA AF Boadu, Emmanuel Choi, Hong Y. Lee, Diana W. K. Waddington, Emma I. Chan, Teddy Asztalos, Bela Vance, Jean E. Chan, Alicia Castro, Graciela Francis, Gordon A. TI Correction of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated lipid efflux and high density lipoprotein particle formation in human Niemann-Pick type C disease fibroblasts SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIVER-X-RECEPTORS; PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; CELLULAR CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TANGIER-DISEASE; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; ABCA1 TRANSPORTER; EXPRESSION; ABCG1; GENE AB Impaired cell cholesterol trafficking in Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease results in the first known instance of impaired regulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a lipid transporter mediating the rate-limiting step in high density lipoprotein (HDL) formation, as a cause of low plasma HDL-cholesterol in humans. We show here that treatment of human NPC1(-/)-fibroblasts with the liver X receptor (LXR) agonist TO-901317 increases ABCA1 expression and activity in humanNPC1(-/)-fibroblasts, as indicated by near normalization of efflux of radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine and a marked increase in efflux of cholesterol mass to apoA-I. LXR agonist treatment prior to and during apoA-I incubation resulted in reduction in filipin staining of unesterified cholesterol in late endosomes/lysosomes, as well as cholesterol mass, in NPC1(-/)-cells. HDL species in human NPC disease plasma showed the same pattern of diminished large, cholesterol-rich alpha-1 HDL particles as seen in isolated heterozygous ABCA1 deficiency. Incubating NPC1(-/)-fibroblasts with the LXR agonist normalized the pattern of HDL particle formation by these cells. ABCG1, another LXR target gene involved in cholesterol efflux to HDL, also showed diminished expression in NPC1(-/)-fibroblasts and increased expression upon LXR agonist treatment. These results suggest that NPC1 mutations can be largely bypassed and that NPC1 protein function is non-essential for the trafficking and removal of cellular cholesterol if the downstream defects in ABCA1 and ABCG1 regulation in NPC disease cells are corrected using an LXR agonist. C1 Univ Alberta, Heritage Med Res Ctr 328, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Biochem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Canadian Inst Hlth Res Grp Mol & Cell Biol Lipids, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Lille 2, Inst Pasteur, INSERM, UMR 545, F-59019 Lille, France. RP Francis, GA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Heritage Med Res Ctr 328, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. EM gordon.francis@ualberta.ca FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL064738] NR 57 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 48 BP 37081 EP 37090 DI 10.1074/jbc.M606890200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 108DP UT WOS:000242220800069 PM 17020879 ER PT J AU Mosaad, AA Elbagory, AR Khalid, AM Waters, WR Tibary, A Hamilton, MJ Davis, WC AF Mosaad, Abdelaziz A. Elbagory, Abdel Rahman Khalid, Adel M. Waters, W. Ray Tibary, Ahmed Hamilton, Mary J. Davis, William C. TI Identification of monoclonal antibody reagents for use in the study of the immune response to infectious agents in camel and water buffalo SO JOURNAL OF CAMEL PRACTICE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE buffalo; camel; immune response; infectious agents; monoclonal antibody ID LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; HEAVY-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; WC1 GENE FAMILY; T-LYMPHOCYTES; CROSS-REACTIVITY; CELLS; CLUSTER; DROMEDARIUS; EXPRESSION AB Progress in elucidating the mechanisms regulating the immune response to infectious agents and derived vaccines in domestic species, especially in camels and water buffalo, has been impeded by the lack of monoclonal antibody (mAb) reagents needed to study the immune response in the species of interest. As a first step to address this problem, we conducted a study to determine how many existing mAbs developed against leukocyte differentiation molecules (LDM) in various species recognise conserved epitopes on orthologous (identical) molecules in two or more species of Artiodactyla. Analysis of 490 monoclonal antibodies raised against LDM in cattle, goat, sheep, llama, pig, dog, and human revealed that many epitopes have been conserved on orthologous molecules in the course of evolution in closely related species in the suborder Ruminantia such as in cattle, bison, and water buffalo, and fewer on more distantly related species such as goat and sheep. Only a few of the epitopes conserved in Ruminantia were conserved in the suborders Suiformes (pigs) and Tylopoda (llamas and camels). The highest level of conservation in all suborders was found with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC I) and class II (MHC II) molecules. These findings show the potential as well as the limitations of screening existing mAbs for research in less use studied species. Importantly, the findings also provide further insight into the composition of the immune system in Artiodactyla and factors to be considered when studying the immune response to infectious agents and vaccines in the different suborders of Artiodactyla. C1 Menoufia Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Bacterial Immunol & Mycol, Menoufia, Egypt. Menoufia Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Food Hyg & Control, Menoufia, Egypt. Zagazig Univ, Dept Microbiol, Benha Branch, Kaliobia, Egypt. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mosaad, AA (reprint author), Menoufia Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Bacterial Immunol & Mycol, Menoufia, Egypt. EM mosaad@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMEL PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BIKANER PA 67 GANDHI NAGAR WEST, NEAR LALGARH PALACE, BIKANER 334001, INDIA SN 0971-6777 J9 J CAMEL PRACT RES JI J. Camel Pract. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 143CS UT WOS:000244698200004 ER PT J AU Kersten, PJ Kopper, BJ Raffa, KF Illman, BL AF Kersten, P. J. Kopper, B. J. Raffa, K. F. Illman, B. L. TI Rapid analysis of abietanes in conifers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abietic; neoabietic; palustric; levopimaric; dehydroabietic; white spruce; diterpenes; HPLC ID RESIN ACID COMPOSITION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROCESS WATERS; ABIETIC ACIDS; SCOTS PINE; FATTY; BARK AB Diterpene resin acids are major constituents of conifer oleoresin and play important roles in tree defense against insects and microbial pathogens. The tricyclic C-20 carboxylic acids are generally classified into two groups, the abietanes and the pimaranes. The abietanes have conjugated double bonds and exhibit characteristic UV spectra. Here, we report the analysis of abietanes by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using multiwavelength detection to optimize quantification of underivatized abietic, neoabietic, palustric, levopimaric, and dehydroabietic acids. The utility of the method is demonstrated with methanol extracts of white spruce (Picea glauca) phloem, and representative concentrations are reported. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Kersten, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM pkersten@wisc.edu NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2679 EP 2685 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9191-z PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113PE UT WOS:000242609000009 PM 17082986 ER PT J AU Cosse, AA Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW Bean, DW Andress, ER AF Cosse, Allard A. Bartelt, Robert J. Zilkowski, Bruce W. Bean, Daniel W. Andress, Earl R. TI Behaviorally active green leaf volatiles for monitoring the leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata, a biocontrol agent of saltcedar, Tamarix spp. SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Chrysomelidae; coleoptera; Diorhabda elongata; electrophysiology; field evaluation; green leaf volatiles; host-odor attractants; saltcedar; Tamarix ramosissima ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; PHYLLOTRETA-CRUCIFERAE; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; RESPONSES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB Biological activity and chemistry of host plant volatiles were investigated for Diorhabda elongata, Brulle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for the invasive tree, saltcedar (Tamarix spp., Tamaricaceae). Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of volatiles collected from adult D. elongata feeding on saltcedar foliage or from saltcedar foliage alone showed 15 antennally active compounds. These compounds were more abundant in collections from beetle-infested foliage. Antennally active compounds were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (MS) and confirmed with authentic standards. The emissions of the most abundant GC-EAD-active compounds, green leaf volatiles (GLV), were quantitated by GC-MS. A blend of four GLV compounds, mimicking the natural blend ratio, was highly attractive to male and female D. elongata in the field, and a combination of GLV and male-produced aggregation pheromone attracted significantly greater numbers of D. elongata than did either bait alone. A preliminary experiment with a blend of seven additional GC-EAD-active saltcedar volatiles did not show any behavioral activity. The combination of the pheromone and the green leaf odor blend could be a useful attractant in detecting the presence of the biocontrol agent, D. elongata, in stands of saltcedar newly colonized by the beetle. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, APHIS, Brawley, CA USA. RP Cosse, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cosseaa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 32 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2695 EP 2708 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9193-x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113PE UT WOS:000242609000011 PM 17131185 ER PT J AU Borges, M Birkett, M Aldrich, JR Oliver, JE Chiba, M Murata, Y Laumann, RA Barrigossi, JA Pickett, JA Moraes, MCB AF Borges, Miguel Birkett, Michael Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Oliver, James E. Chiba, Mitsuo Murata, Yasuhiro Laumann, Raul A. Barrigossi, Jose Alexandre Pickett, John A. Moraes, Maria C. B. TI Sex attractant pheromone from the rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stal SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE semiochemical; zingiberenol; (1RS, 4RS, 1 ' S)-4-(1 ', 5 '-dimethylhex-4 '-enyl)-1-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol; allomone ID MALE-SPECIFIC VOLATILES; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; TRUE BUGS; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA AB The male-produced sex pheromone from the Brazilian rice stalk stink bug Tibraca limbativentris is reported. Olfactometer bioassays with sexually mature males and females showed that males attracted females, which suggests that males release a sex pheromone. Males were not attracted to either sex, nor were females attractive to conspecific females. Attraction of the females to males was highest at night. The headspace volatiles collected from male and female bugs were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. Two male-specific compounds were identified as isomers of 1'S-zingiberenol, whereas a series of defensive compounds were identified in extracts from both sexes. Zingiberenol has three chiral centers, and the nonselective syntheses used produced two groups of isomers, zingiberenol I containing four isomers, namely (1RS,4RS,1'R)-4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-1-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol, and zingiberenol II containing the other four isomers, namely (1RS,4RS,1'S)-4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-1-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol. Both groups of stereoisomers were more attractive than hexane controls. The absolute configuration of the insect-produced pheromonal components remains to be elucidated, but the 1'S stereochemistry was established for at least one of the isomers. C1 EMBRAPA, Genet Resources & Biotechnol, BR-70849970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rothamsted Res, Biol Chem Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Hamura City, Tokyo 2058503, Japan. EMBRAPA, Rice & Beans, BR-75375000 Goiania, Go, Brazil. RP Borges, M (reprint author), EMBRAPA, Genet Resources & Biotechnol, Cx Postal 02372, BR-70849970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM mborges@cenargen.embrapa.br RI Blassioli-Moraes, Maria carolina /C-6072-2013; Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013; Laumann, Raul/C-4026-2013 OI Blassioli-Moraes, Maria carolina /0000-0001-7569-9985; Laumann, Raul/0000-0003-3531-2613 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2749 EP 2761 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9197-6 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113PE UT WOS:000242609000015 PM 17089181 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ Hausman, DB AF Hausman, Gary J. Hausman, Dorothy B. TI Search for the preadipocyte progenitor cell SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FETAL PIG; BONE-MARROW; STEM-CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; DIET; ROSIGLITAZONE; OBESITY; SITE; RATS AB An increase in adipocyte number is a major contributor to the increase in adipose tissue mass that is characteristic of obesity. The identity and regulation of the adipocyte precursor cell (or preadipocyte) and the preadipocyte precursor cell (or progenitor cell) have been intensely studied for many years. In this issue of the JCI, Crossno et al. report that progenitor cells originating from outside the adipose tissue, in particular the bone marrow, can contribute to an increase in adipocyte number (see the related article beginning on page 3220). Their study in mice reveals that treatment with the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone or exposure to a high-fat diet promotes the trafficking of circulating bone marrow-derived progenitor cells into adipose tissue, where they become multilocular adipocytes. This adds a new and unexpected dimension to this research arena. C1 USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, POB 5677,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM ghausman@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 116 IS 12 BP 3103 EP 3106 DI 10.1172/JCI30666 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 113OJ UT WOS:000242606900007 PM 17143324 ER PT J AU Register, KB Sanden, GN AF Register, Karen B. Sanden, Gary N. TI Prevalence and sequence variants of IS481 in Bordetella bronchiseptica: Implications for IS481-based detection of Bordetella pertussis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REPEATED DNA-SEQUENCE; REAL-TIME PCR; DIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; NASOPHARYNGEAL SAMPLES; INSERTION SEQUENCES; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; NESTED PCR; DIAGNOSIS; PARAPERTUSSIS AB We report the prevalence in Bordetella bronchiseptica of IS481, a frequent target for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis, as approximately 5%. However, PCR amplicons of the predicted size were detectable in 78% of IS481-negative strains. Our results suggest that PCR targeting IS481 may not be sufficiently specific for reliable identification of B. pertussis. C1 USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Epidemiol Invest Lab, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Meningitis & Special Pa, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4577 EP 4583 DI 10.1128/JCM.01295-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 117MC UT WOS:000242876300048 PM 17065269 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR Thornton, LLM Neitzel, RR Gengler, N AF Wiggans, G. R. Thornton, L. L. M. Neitzel, R. R. Gengler, N. TI Genetic parameters and evaluation of rear legs (rear view) for Brown Swiss and Guernseys SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rear legs; type trait; genetic evaluation ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; (CO)VARIANCE COMPONENTS; FUNCTIONAL SURVIVAL; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; JERSEY TYPE; LINEAR TYPE; TRAITS; YIELD; BREEDS AB Genetic parameters were estimated for rear legs (rear view; RLRV) and 15 current linear type traits of Brown Swiss and Guernsey dairy cattle. The Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association of the USA and the American Guernsey Association began scoring RLRV in 2004. For Brown Swiss, 8,502 records were available for 7,676 cows in 417 herds; Guernsey data included 5,437 records for 4,749 cows in 229 herds. Nine unknown-parent groups were defined for each breed, each with 2 birth years. The model included fixed effects for the interaction of herd, appraisal date, and parity; appraisal age within parity; and lactation stage within parity and random effects for animal, permanent environment, and residual error. The multitrait analysis for RLRV and the 15 linear type traits used canonical transformation, multiple diagonalization, and a decelerated expectation-maximization REML algorithm. For Brown Swiss, heritability was 0.102 for RLRV and ranged from 0.099 for rear legs (side view) to 0.453 for stature. For Guernseys, heritability ranged from 0.078 for RLRV to 0.428 for stature. For Brown Swiss, the highest genetic correlation with RLRV was 0.71 for rear udder width; the most negative correlation was -0.19 with rump angle. For Guernseys, the highest genetic correlations with RLRV were 0.43 for rear udder width and 0.42 for body depth; the most negative correlation was -0.46 with rear legs (side view). With heritability near 0.10, RLRV should be useful in selection for improved locomotion. Release of genetic evaluations for RLRV began in May 2006 for Brown Swiss and Guernseys. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders Assoc, Beloit, WI 53511 USA. Gembloux Agr Univ, Anim Sci Unit, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Natl Fund Sci Res, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wiggans@aipl.arsusda.gov OI Gengler, Nicolas/0000-0002-5981-5509 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 12 BP 4895 EP 4900 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 105RB UT WOS:000242048900043 PM 17106120 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Wiggans, GR AF Kuhn, M. T. Hutchison, J. L. Wiggans, G. R. TI Characterization of Holstein heifer fertility in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heifer fertility; conception rate; genetic correlation; threshold model ID BODY CONDITION SCORE; CONCEPTION RATE; COW FERTILITY; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; TRAITS; INSEMINATION; NONRETURN; SURVIVAL; MODELS AB The overall object of this research was to characterize US Holstein (virgin) heifer fertility. This included investigation of factors influencing heifer fertility and estimation of heritability, as well as correlations with cow fertility and first-lactation milk yield. A secondary objective was to compare linear and logistic model estimates of fixed effects and linear and threshold model estimates of heritability. Data consisted of Holstein heifers, which were artificially inseminated, with their first breeding between March 2003 and August 2005. Herds were required to have at least 60 breedings across the 3 yr of data and an overall mean conception rate (CR) between 20 and 80%. After edits there were 537,938 breedings of 362,512 heifers in 2,668 herds from 41 states used for analysis. After edits, the overall mean CR for US Holstein heifers was 57%. Linear and logistic model estimates for all factors were nearly identical. Year of breeding accounted for the most variation in heifer CR, with heifer age and month of breeding being the next most important factors. Conception rate in heifers is maximal at an intermediate age of 15 to 16 mo. Heifers at 26 mo of age and older have roughly a 10% lower CR than heifers bred at younger ages. Although month of breeding affected heifer CR, effects are less than for cows. In contrast to cow fertility, heifer CR is nearly as good in the hotter summer months as in cooler months. Approximately 88% of US herds had a 40 to 70% heifer CR. Heritability estimates of heifer CR on first service were 0.5% from the linear model and 1.0% from the threshold model. Genetic correlation estimates of heifer CR on first service with cow CR on first service and with first-lactation milk yield were 0.39 and -0.19, respectively. Results indicated that selection on either the currently available US daughter pregnancy rate evaluations for cow fertility or on cow CR will also improve heifer fertility. Furthermore, heritability of heifer CR is lower than for cow CR and reporting of heifer breedings is currently less complete than for cow breedings. Thus, there are currently no immediate plans to implement a US genetic evaluation for heifer CR. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuhn, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mkuhn@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 29 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 12 BP 4907 EP 4920 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 105RB UT WOS:000242048900046 PM 17106123 ER PT J AU Tauer, LW Mishra, AK AF Tauer, L. W. Mishra, A. K. TI Dairy farm cost efficiency SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cost; efficiency; stochastic cost function ID TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; MILK-PRODUCTION; FRONTIER MODEL; PROFITABILITY; VARIABLES; ADOPTION; SCALE AB A stochastic cost equation was estimated for US dairy farms using national data from the production year 2000 to determine how farmers might reduce their cost of production. Cost of producing a unit of milk was estimated into separate frontier (efficient) and inefficiency components, with both components estimated as a function of management and causation variables. Variables were entered as impacting the frontier component as well as the efficiency component of the stochastic curve because a priori both components could be impacted. A factor that has an impact on the cost frontier was the number of hours per day the milking facility is used. Using the milking facility for more hours per day decreased frontier costs; however, inefficiency increased with increased hours of milking facility use. Thus, farmers can decrease costs with increased utilization of the milking facility, but only if they are efficient in this strategy. Parlors compared with stanchions used for milking did not decrease frontier costs, but decreased costs because of increased efficiency, as did the use of a nutritionist. Use of rotational grazing decreased frontier costs but also increased inefficiency. Older farmers were less efficient. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Tauer, LW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM loren_tauer@cornell.edu OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 12 BP 4937 EP 4943 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 105RB UT WOS:000242048900049 PM 17106126 ER PT J AU Park, YL Perring, TM Yacoub, R Bartels, DW Elms, D AF Park, Yong-Lak Perring, Thomas M. Yacoub, Rosie Bartels, David W. Elms, David TI Spatial and temporal dynamics of overwintering Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glassy-winged sharpshooter; epidemiology; Moran's I; geographic information system ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; PIERCES-DISEASE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TRANSMISSION; HOMOPTERA; DISPERSAL; VECTORS; VALLEY AB A 4-yr landscape-scale study was conducted to investigate spatial and temporal dynamics of overwintering Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the lower San Joaquin Valley, California. Spatial structures of H. coagulata distributions were characterized with Moran's I index, and spatial associations between H. coagulata and the surrounding environment were investigated with a geographic information system. H. coagulata was caught consistently with sticky traps throughout the winter, and trap catches formed a distinctive peak in December or January, indicating active flight of H. coagulata during the winter. In 2000-2001, the mean +/- SE trap count was 4.8 +/- 1.21 per trap per wk, and H. coagulata trap catches were spatially autocorrelated within approximate to 1.3 km. Approximately 49% of H. coagulata were caught in citrus, 23% in stone fruit, and 11% in grape. After a control program began in spring 2001, the mean trap count was considerably lower (0.041 +/- 0.0004 per trap per wk), and no spatial autocorrelations were detected in 2001-2004. H. coagulata trap catch-crop associations also changed after initiation of the control program. Between 25 and 38% of H. coagulata trap catches were from citrus, between 8 and 20% were from stone fruit, and between 11 and 25% were from grape. Potential for winter-season spread and management of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., a pathogen causing Pierce's disease, are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Pest Detest Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Pierces Dis Control Program, Arvin, CA 93203 USA. RP Perring, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM thomas.perring@ucr.edu RI Park, Yong-Lak/F-4309-2012 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1936 EP 1942 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000002 PM 17195657 ER PT J AU Lohmeyer, KH Miller, JA AF Lohmeyer, K. H. Miller, J. A. TI Pathogenicity of three formulations of entomopathogenic fungi for control of adult Haematobia irritans (Diptera : Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; horn fly ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE DEUTEROMYCOTINA; DUNG-INHABITING INSECTS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ENTOMOPHTHORA-MUSCAE; FLY DIPTERA; HOUSE-FLY; POULTRY FACILITIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; STABLE FLY; NEW-YORK AB Powder formulations of three species of entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their pathogenic effect upon adult horn flies, Hematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Flies were treated with conidia and blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (strain GHA), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (strain ESCI), and Paecilomyces fumosoroseu (Wize) Brown & Smith (strain ARSEF 3581) in the laboratory. At 4 d postexposure, flies treated with B. bassiana had an average of 98.4% mortality versus 43.5% from treatment with M. anisopliae and 13.0% from treatment with P. fumosoroseus. At 7 d postexposure, flies treated with B. bassiana bad an average of 100.0% mortality compared with 73.0% from treatment with M. anisopliae and 33.3% from treatment with P. fumosoroseus. Mean lethal time (LT50) was 2.70, 4.98, and 7.97 d for B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and P. fumosoroseus, respectively. Entomopathogenic fungi such as B. bassiana and M. anisopliae may have the potential for controlling populations of born flies. These studies indicate that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were not only pathogenic to adult horn flies, but they caused mortality in a short time. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Lohmeyer, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kim.lohmeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1943 EP 1947 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000003 PM 17195658 ER PT J AU Follett, PA AF Follett, Peter A. TI Irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment for white peach scale (Homoptera : Diaspididae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytosanitary treatment; quarantine pest; x-ray; Pseudaulacaspis pentagona ID PSEUDAULACASPIS-PENTAGONA; INSECTS AB Irradiation was examined as a potential phytosanitary treatment to control white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), a serious quarantine pest of papaya, Carica papaya L., in Hawaii. Dose-response tests were conducted with second-stage nymphs, adult females without eggs, and adult females with eggs at a series of irradiation doses between 60 and 150 Gy to determine the most tolerant stage. The adult female with eggs was the most tolerant stage. in large-scale validation tests 35,424 adult female scales with and without eggs irradiated at a dose of 150 Gy produced no F-1 generation adults with eggs. Irradiation treatment with a minimum absorbed dose of 150 Gy should provide quarantine security for white peach scale on exported papaya and other commodities. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1974 EP 1978 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000007 PM 17195662 ER PT J AU Tate, CD Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC AF Tate, Colothdian D. Hellmich, Richard L. Lewis, Leslie C. TI Evaluation of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) neonate preferences for corn and weeds in corn SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE European corn borer; alternate hosts; feeding preference ID BORER LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; PYRALIDAE; BEHAVIOR; PLANTS; MAIZE AB Choice tests were conducted to determine feeding preferences of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), neonates for 15 species of plants. Percentage of neonates accepting (found on) each leaf disc after 24 h was measured using choice tests. Initially, nine species of plants were evaluated. The following year, 10 plant species were evaluated during O. nubilalis first generation and 11 species during the second generation. Pennsylvania smartweed, Polygonum pennsylvanicum (L.), had the highest percentage of neonates accepting leaf discs in both years. Other plants with high acceptance rates included swamp smartweed, Polygonum amphibium L.; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus; cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L.; and yellow foxtail, Setaria glauca (L.). Corn, Zea mays L., consistently had low percentages of neonates accepting leaf discs along with common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer. Implications these results may have on O. nubilalis host plant selection in central Iowa's corn dominated landscape are considered. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tate, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ctate@tifton.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1987 EP 1993 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000009 PM 17195664 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ Sumerford, DV Sappington, TW AF Reardon, Brendon J. Sumerford, Douglas V. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Impact of trap design, windbreaks, and weather on captures of European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) in pheromone-baited traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; pheromone traps; weather; windbreaks; corn ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; NORTH-CAROLINA; LIGHT TRAPS; PYRALIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; ATTRACTION; COLEOPTERA; VEGETATION; CATCHES AB Pheromone-baited traps are often used in ecological studies of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). However, differences in trap captures may be confounded by trap design, trap location relative to a windbreak, and changes in local weather. The objectives of this experiment were, first, to examine differences in O.nubilalis adult (moth) captures among the Intercept wing trap, the Intercept bucket/funnel UNI trap, and the Hartstack wire-mesh, 75-cm-diameter cone trap (large metal cone trap) as well as among three cone trap designs. Second, we examined the influence of the location of the large metal cone trap relative to a windbreak on the number of moths captured. Third, we examined the relationship between nightly mean air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and the number of moths captured in large metal con e traps. The number of moths captured was significantly influenced by trap design, with large metal cone traps capturing the most moths. Wing and bucket traps were ineffective. Differences among trap captures were significant among trap locations relative to a windbreak. Under strong (> 14 kph) or moderate (7 < 14 kpb) wind speeds, traps located leeward of the windbreak captured the most moths, but when wind speeds were light (< 7 kph), traps not associated with windbreaks captured the most moths. The multiple regression model fitted to the relationship between number of moths captured per Julian date and nightly weather patterns was significant. Nightly mean air temperature was the most influential parameter in the model, and its relationship with moth capture was positive. C1 Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 2002 EP 2009 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000011 PM 17195666 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, VY Miller, GT Stewart-Leslie, J Rice, RE Phillips, PA AF Yokoyama, Victoria Y. Miller, Gina T. Stewart-Leslie, Judy Rice, Richard E. Phillips, Phil A. TI Olive fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) populations in relation to region, trap type, season, and availability of fruit SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera oleae; Olea europaea; California ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; OLEAE AB Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin), was monitored with adult captures by season and trap type, and was related to fruit volume and nonharvested fruit to elucidate the occurrence of the newly introduced pest in California. The highest numbers of adults captured in ChamP traps in olive trees, Olea europaea, were in October in an inland valley location, and in September in a coastal location. Comparisons of trap types showed that the number of olive fruit fly adults captured in Pherocon AM traps in a commercial orchard was significantly greater than in ChamP traps. A significantly greater number of females were captured in Pherocon AM traps with bait packets and pheromone lures than traps with pheromone lures alone, while a significantly greater number of adults and males were captured in traps with pheromone lures alone. Significantly more adults were captured in ChamP traps with bait packets and pheromone lures versus traps with bait packets alone. Fruit volume increased by four times from mid-June to mid-November. Olive fruit fly was found to oviposit on small olive fruit < 1 cm(3) shortly after fruit set, the maximum number of ovipositional sites per fruit occurred in October, and the greatest number of pupae and adults were reared from fruit collected in September and October. The highest numbers of pupae were collected from nonharvested fruit in March when high numbers of adults were captured in the same orchard. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Pest Management Associates Inc, Exeter, CA 93221 USA. Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Yokoyama, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM vyokoyama@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 2072 EP 2079 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000020 PM 17195675 ER PT J AU Rinehart, TA Boyd, DW AF Rinehart, Timothy A. Boyd, David W., Jr. TI Rapid, high-throughput detection of azalea lace bug (Hemiptera : Tingidae) predation by Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae), using fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction primers SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; molecular detection; fluorescence; azaleas; Stephanitis pyrioides ID HETEROPTERA; GUT; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MIRIDAE; GENE; PREY AB Azalea lace bugs, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), are the most common pest of azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) in nursery production and the landscape. Although pesticides are commonly used to control lace bugs, natural enemies can be a significant source of lace bug mortality. Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are natural enemies of lace bugs and easily consume them in laboratory studies. Field studies on lacewing biocontrol of azalea lace bugs are underway; however, monitoring lacewing predation in a nursery environment by direct observation is impractical. Here, we describe a fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction method to estimate S. pyrioides consumption based on the gut contents of lacewing predators. Lace bug DNA was detected in fed lacewings up to 32 h after ingestion. More than 80% of the ingested lace bugs were detected using our method with only one false positive result. The assay is both high-throughput and relatively inexpensive, making it a practical approach to documenting lace bug predation in the field. C1 USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W,POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM trinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 2136 EP 2141 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000029 PM 17195684 ER PT J AU Puterka, GJ Burd, JD Mornhinweg, DW Haley, SD Peairs, FB AF Puterka, G. J. Burd, J. D. Mornhinweg, D. W. Haley, S. D. Peairs, F. B. TI Response of resistant and susceptible barley to infestations of five Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera : Aphididae) biotypes SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; genetic resistance; cereal pest; Russian wheat aphid; host race ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; GERMPLASM; STARS-9577B; DAMAGE AB Since 2003, four new biotypes of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera: Aphididae), RWA2-RWA5, have been discovered that have the ability to damage most of the wheat germplasm resistant to the original Russian wheat aphid population (RWA1). Barley germplasm lines with resistance to RWA1 have not yet been evaluated against the newest biotypes. Our study compared how biotypes RWA1-RWA5 affected the growth and leaf damage of RWA1-resistant germplasm (STARS 9301B, STARS 9577B), moderately resistant germplasm (MR-015), and susceptible varieties (Schuyler, Harrington, and Morex) under greenhouse conditions. Russian wheat aphid population levels also were determined 14 d after plant infestation. STARS 9301B exhibited strong resistance by showing only small differences in leaf damage and growth parameters from the feeding by the biotypes. STARS 9577B showed greater differences in damage by the Russian wheat aphid biotypes than STARS 9301B, yet, the ratings were still within the resistant category (e.g., chlorosis rating 2.3-4.9). Leaf chlorosis ratings for MR-015 ranged from 5.0 to 6.9 and fell within the moderately resistant to susceptible categories for all the biotypes. The greatest difference in leaf chlorosis occurred in Morex where RWA2 showed less virulence than the other biotypes. Feeding by the Russian wheat aphid biotypes produced only small differences in leaf rolling and plant growth within plant entries. Population levels of the Russian wheat aphid biotypes did not differ within barley entries (n = 610-971) at the termination of the study (14 d). From our research, we conclude that the new Russian wheat aphid biotypes pose no serious threat to the key sources of resistance in barley (STARS 9301B and 9577B). C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Puterka, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM gary.puterka@ars.usda.gov RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 2151 EP 2155 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000032 PM 17195687 ER PT J AU Grieshop, MJ Flinn, PW Nechols, JR Campbell, JF AF Grieshop, Matthew J. Flinn, Paul W. Nechols, James R. Campbell, James F. TI Effects of shelf architecture and parasitoid release height on biological control of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) eggs by Trichogramma deion (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat complexity; stored products; biological control ID PLANT STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PRETIOSUM HYMENOPTERA; MINUTUM HYMENOPTERA; INDIANMEAL MOTH; ALMOND MOTH; HOST AGE; EVANESCENS; DENSITY; MASSES AB The effects of shelving type, packaging, and release height on success of Trichogramma deion Pinto & Oatman (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs was studied under laboratory conditions. In trials on multiple-tiered gondola-type or open shelving units, with or without packaging, foraging success was evaluated by comparing parasitism and total mortality rates of sentinel egg disks among shelves after a single point-release of T. deion. Results showed that T deion parasitized more egg disks and killed more total eggs on open shelves than on gondola shelving. The presence of packaging had no effect on parasitoid foraging on open shelves; however, packaging did interfere with parasitism of P. interpunctella eggs on gondola shelving. Egg parasitism and mortality patterns among shelves were not as evenly distributed on gondola-type shelving compared with open shelving. On gondola shelves without packages, changing the release point of T. deion from the middle to the lowest shelf shifted the distribution of parasitism toward the floor. Gondola shelving, especially in the presence of packaging, reduced foraging efficiency of T. deion for P. interpunctella eggs. Thus, to attain adequate control of P. interpunctella, it may be necessary to use two release heights on gondola shelving. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Res Prod Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Res Prod Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM paul.flinn@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013; Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 2202 EP 2209 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112YV UT WOS:000242565000039 PM 17195694 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Roberts, LJ Leefers, LA AF Gustafson, Eric J. Roberts, L. Jay Leefers, Larry A. TI Linking linear programming and spatial simulation models to predict landscape effects of forest management alternatives SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest management planning; landscape pattern; models; decision support ID NESTING SUCCESS; CLEAR-CUT; FRAGMENTATION; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCE; PREDATION; PATTERNS; LEVEL; EDGES AB Forest management planners require analytical tools to assess the effects of alternative strategies on the sometimes disparate benefits from forests such as timber production and wildlife habitat. We assessed the spatial patterns of alternative management strategies by linking two models that were developed for different purposes. We used a linear programming model (Spectrum) to optimize timber harvest schedules, then a simulation model (HARVEST) to project those schedules in a spatially explicit way and produce maps from which the spatial pattern of habitat could be calculated. We demonstrated the power of this approach by evaluating alternative plans developed for a national forest plan revision in Wisconsin, USA. The amount of forest interior habitat was inversely related to the amount of timber cut, and increased under the alternatives compared to the current plan. The amount of edge habitat was positively related to the amount of timber cut, and increased under all alternatives. The amount of mature northern hardwood interior and edge habitat increased for all alternatives, but mature pine habitat area varied. Mature age classes of all forest types increased, and young classes decreased under all alternatives. The average size of patches (defined by age class) generally decreased. These results are consistent with the design goals of each of the alternatives, but reveal that the spatial differences among the alternatives are modest. These complementary models are valuable for quantifying and comparing the spatial effects of alternative management strategies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us; rober245@msu.edu; leefers@msu.edu NR 49 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 81 IS 4 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.11.009 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103YR UT WOS:000241923600004 PM 16549235 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Mukhopadhyay, S Krizek, DT AF Luthria, Devanand L. Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Krizek, Donald T. TI Content of total phenolics and phenolic acids in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits as influenced by cultivar and solar UV radiation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE caffeic acid; p-coumaric acid; ferulic acid; HPLC; folin-ciocalteu assay; high tunnels; phenolic acids; tomatoes; Lycopersicon esculentum; total phenolics; ultraviolet radiation ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; B RADIATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; ASCORBIC-ACID; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; AMBIENT LEVELS; RESPONSES; OZONE; CV AB Two cultivars of fresh market tomato [Oregon Spring (OS) and Red Sun (RS)] were each grown in two high tunnels at Beltsville, MD covered with a contrasting material of similar thickness (0.152 mm) and durability (4-year polyethylene). One covering material (Tyco Tufflite IV) transmitted ambient solar UV radiation from 290 to 400 nm (designated + UV) while the other material (Dura-Film Super 4) blocked UV wavelengths below 380 nm (designated-UV). Both films transmitted comparable amounts of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from 400 to 700 nm. Ripe tomato fruits comparable in size and development were collected at maturity from plants of the two cultivars grown in each high tunnel under the contrasting covering materials. Four lots of tomatoes of each cultivar and each UV treatment were assayed for total phenolic (TP) content by a colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay and for content of individual phenolic acids by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD) procedure. The phenolic acids extracted from the base hydrolyzed fraction were identified as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. Caffeic acid was the predominant phenolic acid in both tomato cultivars (OS and RS) grown in the two high tunnels. The total concentration of these three phenolic acids measured by HPLC' was approximately 20% higher under + UV than under -UV treatment; this was true for both cultivars. A similar trend in quantities of TP yield was also observed when tomato extracts were assayed by a FC method. These results indicate that the phenolic content of tomato fruits is significantly affected by the spectral quality of solar UV radiation. Since phenolic compounds are known to play a key role as antioxidants in human nutrition, subtle differences in phenolic composition between the two high tunnels as a result of differences in the UV transmission properties of these different covering materials may be of considerable importance. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Room 202 B,Bldg 161,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 8 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.04.005 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 088AH UT WOS:000240783400001 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Drake, SR Heidt, ML Watkins, MA Tang, J Wang, S AF Hansen, J. D. Drake, S. R. Heidt, M. L. Watkins, M. A. Tang, J. Wang, S. TI Radio frequency-hot water dips for postharvest codling moth control in apples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID POMONELLA L. LEPIDOPTERA; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; TORTRICIDAE; MORTALITY; CHERRIES; FRUIT; AIR AB A combination radio frequency-hot water dip method was examined as a potential quarantine treatment against fifth instars of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apples, Malus sylvestris (L.) var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf., which were intended for export to Japan. The apples were initially exposed to 27.12-MHz radio frequency energy at 12 kW for 2.75 min and were then submerged in a range of hot water dips (48-50C) for different durations. Efficacious tests were at 48C for > 2 h, at 49C for > 50 min and at 50C for > 40 min. Fruit quality tests indicated that the best hot water parameters were at 50C for 40 min. Fruit quality after 2 weeks was cultivar dependent where "Fuji" apples tolerated heat treatment better than "Delicious" and "Gala" apples. None of the treated fruits were acceptable after 60 days. Regardless of cultivar, heat treatment resulted in loss of both peel and fresh colors, coupled with reduced firmness and increased external and internal damage. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951, Australia. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951, Australia. EM jimbob@yarl.ars.usda.gov RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 631 EP 642 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2006.00094.x PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 099VN UT WOS:000241625400001 ER PT J AU Woerner, DR Ransom, JR Sofos, JN Dewell, GA Smith, GC Salman, MD Belk, KE AF Woerner, D. R. Ransom, J. R. Sofos, J. N. Dewell, G. A. Smith, G. C. Salman, M. D. Belk, K. E. TI Determining the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and beef from the feedlot to the cooler SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FECES; MICROBIALS; STATES; HIDES AB Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 on cattle entering the slaughter floor may range from 10 to > 70%. This study was conducted to determine the effect of E coli /O157 prevalence in fecal pats collected from feedlot pen floors on subsequent E. coli O157 prevalence on carcasses at various points in the slaughter process. Fecal pats from the feedlot pen floor were collected within 3 days before slaughter. During cattle processing at the slaughter facility, additional samples were collected from the hide, from the colon, and from the carcasses before and after evisceration and after final decontamination. Of 15 lots (a group of cattle from the same pen from a feedlot) sampled, 87% had at least one positive fecal pat from the feedlot floor, 47% had a positive hide sample, 73% had a positive colon/fecal sample, and 47% had a positive carcass sample preevisceration; however, only 8% of lots had a positive carcass sample postevisceration or after final intervention. Of the total samples tested (n = 1,328), 24.7, 14.7, 27.6, 10.1, 1.4, and 0.3% of fecal pats from the feedlot floor, hide, colon, preevisceration, postevisceration, and final intervention samples, respectively, were positive for E. coli O157. Pens with greater than 20% positive fecal pats from the feedlot floor had 25.5% hide, 51.4% colon, and 14.3, 2.9, and 0.7% carcass samples positive at preevisceration, at postevisceration, and after final intervention, respectively. However, fecal pats from feedlot floor samples that contained less than 20% positive fecal samples showed lower pathogen prevalence, with 5.0% hide, 7.5% colon, and 6.3, 0, and 0% carcass positive samples at preevisceration, postevisceration, and post-final intervention, respectively. Data from this study can be used as part of risk assessment processes in order to identify mitigation strategies to minimize prevalence of E. coli O157 on fresh beef carcasses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ctr Red Meat Safety, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Belk, KE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Red Meat Safety, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM keith.belk@colostate.edu NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2824 EP 2827 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 113RW UT WOS:000242616000001 PM 17186645 ER PT J AU Nou, XW Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Brichta-Harhay, DM Guerini, MN Kalchayanand, N Koohmaraie, M AF Nou, Xiangwu Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Guerini, Michael N. Kalchayanand, Norasak Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Improvement of Immunomagnetic separation for Escherichia coli O157 : H7 detection by the PickPen magnetic particle separation device SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; GROUND-BEEF; BOVINE FECES; SAMPLES; ENUMERATION; SALMONELLA; PREVALENCE; CULTURE; HIDE; FOOD AB Conventional immunomagnetic separation (IMS) procedures, which use an external magnetic source to capture magnetic particles against the side of a test tube, are labor-intensive and can have poor sensitivity for the target organism because of high background microflora that is not effectively washed away during the IMS process. This report compares the conventional IMS procedure to a new IMS procedure with an intrasolution magnetic particle transfer device, the PickPen. The IMS target for the majority of these studies is Escherichia coli O157:H7 in various types of samples, including cattle feces, hides, carcasses, and ground beef. Comparison of the two IMS methods showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the efficiency of detecting E. coli O157:H7 from cattle carcass surface, cattle hide, and cattle fecal samples. No significant improvement (P > 0.05) in E. coli O157:H7 detection was observed when the PickPen IMS procedure was used to isolate this pathogen from ground beef samples. Use of the PickPen IMS greatly increases the throughput of the IMS procedure and may be more compatible with various emerging technologies for pathogen detection. In addition, the efficacy of sequential IMS for multiple pathogens is reported herein. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18-D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM arthur@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2870 EP 2874 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 113RW UT WOS:000242616000008 PM 17186652 ER PT J AU Murase, T Chiba, K Sato, T Otsuki, K Holt, PS AF Murase, Toshiyuki Chiba, Kaori Sato, Tomoko Otsuki, Koichi Holt, Peter S. TI Effects of different molting procedures on incidence of Salmonella infection in flocks of naturally contaminated laying hens in a commercial egg-producing farm by detection of yolk antibodies to Salmonella in eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NONFEED REMOVAL METHODS; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; CHICKENS; RESPONSES; PROGRAMS; HOUSES AB Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been applied to detect immunoglobulin Y antibodies to different serotypes of Salmonella in the yolks of chicken eggs with heat-extracted antigens of Salmonella enterica serotypes Agona (SA), Cerro (SC), Enteritidis (SE), Montevideo (SM), and Putten (SP). The egg yolk samples examined were classified as positive if their ELISA absorbance values exceeded the value for eggs from specific-pathogen-free flocks by more than two standard deviations. Of 30 egg yolk samples from three flocks vaccinated with a killed SE vaccine, 29 were antibody positive by the ELISA assay for the SE antigen. Four to 29 of the 29 yolk samples showed positive results for the other serovars, although the absorbance values for SE were higher than those obtained for the other scrotypes in each of the yolk samples. All 30 yolks from three flocks that were not administered any SE vaccines were found to be antibody negative for SE, and two samples were determined to be positive for SC. Thirty-nine or 40 eggs were obtained from each of four layer flocks in a commercial egg production farm where the laying houses were naturally contaminated with SA, SC, SM, SP, Salmonella serovar Infantis (SI), and untypeable strains. The ELISA absorbance values for SM in the egg yolks obtained from the two flocks molted through feed withdrawal when the birds restarted laying were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those observed in the yolks obtained before the molt. In egg yolks from the two other flocks that were molted through a wheat bran diet, there was no significant difference between the absorbance values before and after the molt. The observations in the present study provide further evidence to suggest that a molt initiated through the administration of a wheat bran diet can reduce the risk for Salmonella problems in a commercial egg-producing setting. C1 Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Vet Microbiol, Tottori 6808553, Japan. USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Murase, T (reprint author), Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Vet Microbiol, Tottori 6808553, Japan. EM murase@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2883 EP 2888 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 113RW UT WOS:000242616000010 PM 17186654 ER PT J AU Bari, ML Todoriki, S Sommers, C Hayakawa, F Kawamoto, S AF Bari, M. L. Todoriki, S. Sommers, C. Hayakawa, F. Kawamoto, S. TI Irradiation inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in low-fat ground pork at freezing and refrigeration temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RADIATION SENSITIVITY; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; FROZEN; BEEF AB Gamma radiation effectively controls Listeria monocytogenes in uncooked and in ready-to-eat foods. This study was conducted to determine if gamma radiation could be used to control L. monocytogenes in ground pork. Ground pork was contaminated with L. monocytogenes, kept at refrigeration (4 degrees C), chilling (0 degrees C), and freezing (-18 degrees C) temperatures overnight, exposed to gamma radiation and stored at 4 degrees C for 7 days, and at 0 and -18 degrees C for 60 days. Following irradiation, the meat was assayed for L. monocytogenes viable counts and lipid oxidation. A triangle test was performed to determine if sausage made from the irradiated and nonirradiated ground pork differed in sensory quality. It was observed that a 5-log reduction of L. monocytogenes viable counts would require a 3.0-kGy radiation dose. The results of a 60-day storage study of ground pork inoculated with 10(5) to 10(6) CFU of L. monocytogenes per gram indicated that counts for nonirradiated meat remained fairly constant at refrigeration, chilling, and freezing temperatures. However, irradiation of ground pork at 3.0 kGy could inactivate L. monocytogenes totally in ground pork subsequently held at all the temperatures used in this study. Lipid oxidation measurements, as determined by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance assay, ranged from 0.16 nmol/g for nonirradiated ground pork and 0.20 nmol/g for meat irradiated at 3.0 kGy. Sensory panelists could distinguish between irradiated and nonirradiated sausage but were divided on whether irradiation adversely affected the sausage quality. Our results suggest that gamma radiation could be useful to control L. monocytogenes in ground pork and improve the safety of ground pork products. C1 Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. USDA ARS, Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bari, ML (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM latiful@nfri.affrc.go.jp NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2955 EP 2960 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 113RW UT WOS:000242616000020 PM 17186664 ER PT J AU McGowan, LL Jackson, CR Barrett, JB Hiott, LM Fedorca-Cray, PJ AF McGowan, Lori L. Jackson, Charlene R. Barrett, John B. Hiott, Lari M. Fedorca-Cray, Paula J. TI Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from retail fruits, vegetables, and meats SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; PCR; ANIMALS; HUMANS; GENES AB Although enterococci are considered opportunistic pathogens, they can be reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is increasingly important because of foodborne illnesses from meat and infections from produce. From 2000 through 2001, food items (vegetables, fruits, and meats) were obtained from grocery store chains in northern Georgia and cultured for the presence of enterococci; 47.7% (189 of 396) of these samples were positive for enterococci. For the fruits and vegetables, enterococci were cultured most often from tomatoes (9 of 27 samples, 33%) and radishes (10 of 11 samples, 91%), respectively. Among the meat items tested, enterococci were. isolated from 95% (21 of 22) of the chicken samples, 73% (16 of 22) of the beef samples, 95% (20 of 21) of the turkey samples, and 68% (15 of 22) of the pork samples. The predominant species identified was Enterococcus faecalis (n = 80) from meal: and Enterococcus casseliflavus (n = 66) from fruits and vegetables. Although high numbers of isolates were resistant to lincomycin (176 of 185 isolates, 95.1%) and bacitracin (150 of 185 isolates, 81.1%), very few isolates were resistant to salinomycin (2 isolates, 1.1%), penicillin (3 isolates, 1.6%), or nitrofurantoin (9 isolates, 4.9%). None of the isolates were resistant to linezolid or vancomycin. These data suggest that foods commonly purchased from grocery stores are a source of enterococci; however, overall resistance to antimicrobials is relatively low. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Gottwald Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. RP Fedorca-Cray, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pcray@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2976 EP 2982 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 113RW UT WOS:000242616000023 PM 17186667 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Gorski, L Reynolds, J Orozco, E Fielding, S Park, YH Borucki, MK AF Kim, So Hyun Gorski, Lisa Reynolds, James Orozco, Edith Fielding, Sarah Park, Yong Ho Borucki, Monica K. TI Role of uvrA in the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes under UV radiation and acid and bile stress SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; LOW PH; TOLERANCE RESPONSE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXCISION-REPAIR; ADAPTATION; VIRULENCE; GENE; INDUCTION; BACTERIA AB Listeria monocytogenes encounters numerous stresses both in the food environment and during infection of the host. The ability to survive and tolerate bile and low pH conditions, which are two major stresses, is of particular importance for survival within the host. The uvrA gene in other bacteria is involved in the repair of acid-induced DNA damage and in adaptation to low pH. Thus, a uvrA in-frame deletion mutant was constructed to identify the role of uvrA in the growth and survival of L. monocytogenes under various environmental conditions. The uvrA mutant was highly sensitive to UV radiation. Growth under normal laboratory conditions was impaired during the exponential phase, and the time to reach the exponential phase of growth, TVmax, was significantly delayed (P < 0.05). Growth of the uvrA mutant in acidic medium (pH 5) was slightly impaired, and the TVmax was significantly delayed (P < 0.05). Growth and the TVmax of the mutant in the presence of 0.3% bile salts also were significantly impaired (P < 0.05). These results suggest that uvrA is needed for optimal growth and survival of L. monocytogenes under various stressful environmental conditions. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, KRF Zoonot Dis Prior Res Inst, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Borucki, MK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate L452, Def Biol Div, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM borucki2@llnl.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 12 BP 3031 EP 3036 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 113RW UT WOS:000242616000032 PM 17186676 ER PT J AU Ellefson, PV Kilgore, MA Granskog, JE AF Ellefson, Paul V. Kilgore, Michael A. Granskog, James E. TI State government regulation of forestry practices applied to nonfederal forests: Extent and intensity of agency involvement SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE regulation; forestry practices; state government agencies ID UNITED-STATES; LAWS AB In 2003, 276 state government agencies regulated forestry practices applied to nonfederal forests. Fifty-four percent of these agencies were moderately to extensively involved in such regulation, and 68% engaged in moderate to extensive regulatory coordination with a state's lead forestry agency. The agencies employed an estimated 1,047 full-time equivalents (FTE) staff, of which nearly one-third was assigned to forest resource management agencies and one-quarter was assigned to. air and water pollution control agencies. In 2003, about $57 million was invested by state governments in the regulation of forestry practices. Fifteen states are responsible for 59% of this total and 59% of the FTEs nationwide. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. RP Ellefson, PV (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 N Cleveland Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pellefso@umn.edu; mkilgore@umn.edu; jgranskog@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 104 IS 8 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 119CE UT WOS:000242989000007 ER PT J AU Spencer, D Lembi, C Blank, R AF Spencer, David Lembi, Carole Blank, Robert TI Spatial and temporal variation in the composition and biomass of algae present in selected California rice fields SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOS-AQUAE; GROWTH; COPPER; METALS; STRAIN AB We sampled eight California rice fields every two days from May 1 to June 1, 2004 for algal biomass, species composition, and water quality parameters. Soil samples were collected prior to filling the fields with water and analyzed for selected nutrients. Algal abundance shifted from dominance by genera of green algae (Sphaeroplea, Tribonema, Ankistrodesmus, Tetraspora) and diatoms (Navicula) early in May to dominance by blue-green algae genera (almost totally Nostoc, with Anabaena and Phormidium, also present) in late May-early June The same taxa. occurred in all the fields at around the same time. The most abundant species consistent with the description "black algae" collected from these fields was Nostoc spongiaeforme. Results from multiple regression analysis showed that algal biomass was negatively related to total alkalinity and sulfate concentration, and positively related to the N:P ratio and the concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, sodium, and calcium. These variables explained 51% of the variance associated with total algal biomass. When soil characteristics were used in a similar multiple regression analysis, none of them was significantly (P > 0.1) related to total algal biomass. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Nevada, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Spencer, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 649 EP 656 DI 10.1080/02705060.2006.9664126 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107WI UT WOS:000242201300012 ER PT J AU Sims, DA Rahman, AF Cordova, VD El-Masri, BZ Baldocchi, DD Flanagan, LB Goldstein, AH Hollinger, DY Misson, L Monson, RK Oechel, WC Schmid, HP Wofsy, SC Xu, LK AF Sims, Daniel A. Rahman, Abdullah F. Cordova, Vicente D. El-Masri, Bassil Z. Baldocchi, Dennis D. Flanagan, Lawrence B. Goldstein, Allen H. Hollinger, David Y. Misson, Laurent Monson, Russell K. Oechel, Walter C. Schmid, Hans P. Wofsy, Steven C. Xu, Liukang TI On the use of MODIS EVI to assess gross primary productivity of North American ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND AB Carbon flux models based on light use efficiency ( LUE), such as the MOD17 algorithm, have proved difficult to parameterize because of uncertainties in the LUE term, which is usually estimated from meteorological variables available only at large spatial scales. In search of simpler models based entirely on remote-sensing data, we examined direct relationships between the enhanced vegetation index ( EVI) and gross primary productivity ( GPP) measured at nine eddy covariance flux tower sites across North America. When data from the winter period of inactive photosynthesis were excluded, the overall relationship between EVI and tower GPP was better than that between MOD17 GPP and tower GPP. However, the EVI/GPP relationships vary between sites. Correlations between EVI and GPP were generally greater for deciduous than for evergreen sites. However, this correlation declined substantially only for sites with the smallest seasonal variation in EVI, suggesting that this relationship can be used for all but the most evergreen sites. Within sites dominated by either evergreen or deciduous species, seasonal variation in EVI was best explained by the severity of summer drought. Our results demonstrate that EVI alone can provide estimates of GPP that are as good as, if not better than, current versions of the MOD17 algorithm for many sites during the active period of photosynthesis. Preliminary data suggest that inclusion of other remote-sensing products in addition to EVI, such as the MODIS land surface temperature ( LST), may result in more robust models of carbon balance based entirely on remote-sensing data. C1 Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. Licor Inc Environm, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Sims, DA (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN USA. RI Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 57 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G4 AR G04015 DI 10.1029/2006JG000162 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 115OJ UT WOS:000242743300001 ER PT J AU Kuhne, RA Wren, DG AF Kuhnle, R. A. Wren, D. G. TI Lateral variations in suspended sediment concentration over dunes SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; sediment concentration; sand; bedforms; cohesionless sediment; dunes ID MULTIFREQUENCY ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; BEDLOAD-TRANSPORT RATES; VARIABILITY; SIZE AB A series of laboratory flume experiments were conducted to characterize lateral variations of suspended sediment over dunes. Forty experimental runs were made using flow depths of 0.328 and 0.127 m in a 1.2-m-wide channel. The Froude number was 0.47 and the median diameter of the bed material was 0.52 mm. Point samples of suspended sediment and depth-integrated values calculated using acoustic backscatter data were collected simultaneously at two lateral positions at spacings of 0.41, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05 m. Root mean square differences between the paired samples increased from 30 to 94% and from 20 to 45% of the mean concentration for point samples and depth-integrated samples, respectively, as the lateral spacing between samples was increased. Lateral variations in the concentration of suspended sediment should be considered when designing sediment sampling strategies over dune beds. C1 ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kuhne, RA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 12 BP 1341 EP 1346 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:12(1341) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 111CO UT WOS:000242428800010 ER PT J AU Liston, GE Elder, K AF Liston, Glen E. Elder, Kelly TI A distributed snow-evolution modeling system (SnowModel) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRAIN-BASED PARAMETERS; ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; ARCTIC TUNDRA; ENERGY-BALANCE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; COMPLEX TERRAIN; TRANSPORT MODEL; UNITED-STATES; FOREST CANOPY; CLIMATE MODEL AB SnowModel is a spatially distributed snow-evolution modeling system designed for application in landscapes, climates, and conditions where snow occurs. It is an aggregation of four submodels: MicroMet defines meteorological forcing conditions, EnBal calculates surface energy exchanges, SnowPack simulates snow depth and water-equivalent evolution, and SnowTran-3D accounts for snow redistribution by wind. Since each of these submodels was originally developed and tested for nonforested conditions, details describing modifications made to the submodels for forested areas are provided. SnowModel was created to run on grid increments of 1 to 200 m and temporal increments of 10 min to 1 day. It can also be applied using much larger grid increments, if the inherent loss in high-resolution (subgrid) information is acceptable. Simulated processes include snow accumulation; blowing-snow redistribution and sublimation; forest canopy interception, unloading, and sublimation; snow-density evolution; and snowpack melt. Conceptually, SnowModel includes the first-order physics required to simulate snow evolution within each of the global snow classes (i.e., ice, tundra, taiga, alpine/mountain, prairie, maritime, and ephemeral). The required model inputs are 1) temporally varying fields of precipitation, wind speed and direction, air temperature, and relative humidity obtained from meteorological stations and/or an atmospheric model located within or near the simulation domain; and 2) spatially distributed fields of topography and vegetation type. SnowModel's ability to simulate seasonal snow evolution was compared against observations in both forested and nonforested landscapes. The model closely reproduced observed snow-water-equivalent distribution, time evolution, and interannual variability patterns. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM liston@cira.colostate.edu NR 84 TC 150 Z9 153 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1259 EP 1276 DI 10.1175/JHM548.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125IU UT WOS:000243436400006 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Albin, DM Irwin, PL Reed, SA Tu, SI AF Gehring, Andrew G. Albin, David M. Irwin, Peter L. Reed, Sue A. Tu, Shu-I TI Comparison of enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescence with US Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE BAM; chemiluminescence; detection; Escherichia coli; immunomagnetic beads ID ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION; SALMONELLA; OUTBREAK AB Escherichia coli O157:H7, a major foodborne pathogen, has been associated with numerous cases of foodborne illnesses. Rapid methods have been developed for the screening of this pathogen in foods in order to circumvent timely plate culture techniques. Unfortunately, many rapid methods are presumptive and do not claim to confirm the presence of E. coli O157:H7. The previously developed method, enzyme-linked immumomagnetic chemiluminescence (ELIMCL), has been improved upon to allow for fewer incidences of false positives when used to detect E. coli O157:H7 in the presence of mixed cultures. The key feature of this assay is that it combines the highly selective synergism of both anti-O157 and anti-H7 antibodies in the sandwich immunoassay format. This work presents application of a newly semi-automated version of ELIMCL to the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in pristine buffered saline yielding detection limits of approximately I X 105 to I X 106 of live cells/mL. ELIMCL was further demonstrated to detect E. coli O157:H7 inoculated into artificially contaminated ground beef at ca. 400 CFU/g after a 5 h enrichment and about 1.5 h assay time for a total detection time of about 6.5 h. Finally, ELIMCL was compared with USFDA's Bacteriological Analytical Manual method for E. coli O157:H7 in a double-blind study. Using McNemar's treatment, the two methods were detertmined to be statistically similar for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef inoculated with mixed cultures of select bacteria. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM agehring@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 3 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.04.025 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 108PR UT WOS:000242252200013 PM 16935371 ER PT J AU Dyer, RB Kendra, DF Brown, DW AF Dyer, Rex B. Kendra, David F. Brown, Daren W. TI Real-time PCR assay to quantify Fusarium graminearum wild-type and recombinant mutant DNA in plant material SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Fusarium graminearian; fusarium head blight; plant pathogen; quantitative assay; real-time PCR; SYBR green; wheat scab ID DEFENSE RESPONSE GENES; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; WHEAT SPIKES; HEAD-BLIGHT; REDUCED VIRULENCE; INFECTION; SCAB; COMPLEMENTATION; QUANTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION AB Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph, Gibberella zeae) is the predominant causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat resulting in yearly losses through reduction in grain yield and quality and accumulation of fungal generated toxins in grain. Numerous fungal genes potentially involved in virulence have been identified and studies with deletion mutants to ascertain their role are in progress. Although wheat field trials with wild-type and mutant strains are critical to understand the role these genes may play in the disease process, the interpretation of field trial data is complicated by FHB generated by indigenous species of F graminearum. This report describes the development of a SYBR green-based real time PCR assay that quantifies the total F graminearum genomic DNA in a plant sample as well as the total F graminearum genomic DNA contributed from a strain containing a common fungal selectable marker used to create deletion mutants. We found our method more sensitive, reproducible and accurate than other similar recently described assays and comparable to the more expensive probe-based assays. This assay will allow investigators to correlate the amount of disease observed in wheat field trials to the E graminearum mutant strains being examined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dyer, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dyerr@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 3 BP 534 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.05.011 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 108PR UT WOS:000242252200014 PM 16859788 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR AF McLaughlin, M. R. TI Factors affecting iron sulfide-enhanced bacteriophage plaque assays in Salmonella SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; hydrogen sulfide; plaque assay; Salmonella ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; THIOSULFATE REDUCTION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; TYPHIMURIUM; OPERON AB Reaction of ferric ions with hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) enhances contrast of phage plaques in H(2)S+ Salmonella, but contrast diminishes in weak H(2)S+ strains. H(2)S was affected by concentrations of peptones, glucose, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and sodium thiosulfate (ST), and by FAC:ST ratio, temperature, pH, air, and host strain. Increasing peptone levels was most important for improving contrast in weak H(2)S+ strains. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mmclaughlin@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 3 BP 611 EP 615 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.05.015 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 108PR UT WOS:000242252200025 PM 16876271 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Nyczepir, AP Lewis, EE AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Nyczepir, Andrew P. Lewis, Edwin E. TI Entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria applications for control of the pecan root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne partityla, in the greenhouse SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; Meloidogyne partityla; pecan; Steinernema; Xenorhabdus ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; INSECT PATHOGEN COMPLEX; STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; SUPPRESSION; INCOGNITA; JAVANICA; TOMATOES; GLASERI; POPULATIONS AB Meloidoone parlityla is a parasite of pecan and walnut. Our objective was to determine interactions between the cntomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex and M partityla. Specifically, we investigated suppressive effects of Steinernema feltiae (strain SN) and S. riobrave (strain 7-12) applied as infective juveniles and in infected host insects, as well as application of S. feltiae's bacterial symbiont Xenorhabdus bovienii on M. partityla. In two separate greenhouse trials, the treatments were applied to pecan seedlings that were simultaneously infested with M. partityla eggs; controls received only water and M. partityla eggs. Additionally, all treatment applications were re-applied (without M. partityla eggs) two months later. Four months after initial treatment, plants were assessed for number of galls per root system, number of egg masses per root system, number of eggs per root system, number of eggs per egg mass, number of eggs per gram dry root weight, dry shoot weight, and final population density of M. partityla second-stage juveniles (J2). In the first trial, the number of egg masses per plant was lower in the S. riobrave-infected host treatment than in the control (by approximately 18%). In the second trial, dry root weight was higher in the S. feltiae-infected host treatment than in the control (approximately 80% increase). No other treatment effects were detected. The marginal and inconsistent effects observed in our experiments indicate that the treatments we applied are not sufficient for controlling M. partityla. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 449 EP 454 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 144SH UT WOS:000244815900007 PM 19259462 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE Brown, I Gardner, WA Hubbard, RK Wood, BW AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Cottrell, Ted E. Brown, Ian Gardner, Wayne A. Hubbard, Robert K. Wood, Bruce W. TI Effect of soil moisture and a surfactant on entomopathogenic nematode suppression of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Curculio caryae; entomopathogenic nematode; field trial; Heterorhabditis; pecan weevil; surfactant; soil moisture; Steinernema ID COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONIDAE; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LARVAE; VIRULENCE; RHABDITIDA; INFECTIVITY; FORMULATION; EMERGENCE AB Our overall goal was to investigate several aspects of pecan weevil, Curculio caryae, suppression with entomopathogenic nematodes. Specifically, our objectives were to: 1) determine optimum moisture levels for larval suppression, 2) determine suppression of adult C. caryae under field conditions, and 3) measure the effects of a surfactant on nematode efficacy. In the laboratory, virulence of Heterorhabditis megidis (UK211) and Steinernema carpocapsae (All) were tested in a loamy sand at gravimetric water contents of negative 0.01, 0.06, 0.3, 1.0, and 15 bars. Curculio caryae larval survival decreased as moisture levels increased. The nematode effect was most pronounced at -0.06 bars. At -0.01 bars, larval survival was <= 5% regardless of nematode presence, thus indicating that intense irrigation alone might reduce C. caryae populations. Overall, our results indicated no effect of a surfactant (Kinetic) on C. caryae suppression with entomopathogenic nematodes. In a greenhouse test, C. caryae larval survival was lower in all nematode treatments compared with the control, yet survival was lower in S. carpocapsae (Italian) and S. Tiobrave (7-12) treatments than in S. carpocapsae (Agriotos), S. carpocapsae (Mexican), and S. riobrave (355) treatments (survival was reduced to approximately 20% in the S. riobrave [7-12] treatment). A mixture of S. riobrave strains resulted in intermediate larval survival. In field experiments conducted over two consecutive years, S. riobrave (7-12) applications resulted in no observable control, and, although S. carpocapsae (Italian) provided some suppression, treatment effects were generally only detectable one day after treatment. Nematode strains possessing both high levels of virulence and a greater ability to withstand environmental conditions in the field need to be developed and tested. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Georgia SW State Univ, Dept Biol, Americus, GA 31709 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 474 EP 482 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 144SH UT WOS:000244815900011 PM 19259466 ER PT J AU Saari, JT Reeves, PG Johnson, WT Johnson, LK AF Saari, Jack T. Reeves, Philip G. Johnson, W. Thomas Johnson, LuAnn K. TI Pinto beans are a source of highly bioavailable copper in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; ORTHO-DIANISIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; DIETARY COPPER; DEFICIENT RATS; LEGUMES; SERUM; IRON; CERULOPLASMIN AB The trace element copper (Cu) is a required nutrient in the diets of humans. It has been found in animal studies to be essential for efficient iron absorption and oxygen utilization and for aiding free-radical degradation. Dry beans (Phaseolis vulgaris) are potentially good sources of Cu; thus, the objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability of Cu from dry beans using the pinto bean as the source. Dry beans were obtained from a local market, cooked according to package directions, and dried. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 groups of 8 rats each) were fed a Cu-deficient diet (AIN-93G) for 4 wk followed by 2 wk of Cu repletion with diets containing 0-6.5 mg Cu/kg diet added as CuSO4 or with 0.6 and 1.5 mg Cu/kg incorporated into rat diets as pinto beans at 10 and 20%. Standard response curves were developed based on repletion-induced recovery of 10 indices of Cu status, including organ Cu concentrations and Cu-dependent enzyme activities, in response to increasing dietary Cu as CuSO4. Recovery of these variables in rats fed the pinto bean diets was compared with the standard response curve at similar levels of dietary Cu. Based on the recovery of all 10 variables, the relative bioavailability of Cu from dry beans was at least 100% of that with the highly available CuSO4. For 3 of the variables, liver and heart Cu concentrations and serum superoxide dismutase 3 activity, estimated bioavailability values of Cu from beans were 138, 140, and 134%, respectively, of those from CuSO4. We conclude that the dry pinto bean is a good source of dietary Cu with respect to both concentration and bioavailability. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM preeves@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 136 IS 12 BP 2999 EP 3004 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 108ZH UT WOS:000242277200010 PM 17116710 ER PT J AU Yasuda, K Roneker, KR Miller, DD Welch, RM Lei, XG AF Yasuda, Koji Roneker, Karl R. Miller, Dennis D. Welch, Ross M. Lei, Xin Gen TI Supplemental dietary inulin affects the bioavailability of iron in corn and soybean meal to young pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; LARGE-INTESTINE; FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PHYTIC ACID; MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITIES; POSTGASTRECTOMY ANEMIA; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; GROWING PIGS AB Iron deficiency represents one of the most common global nutritional disorders in humans. Our objective was to determine whether and how supplemental inulin improved utilization of iron intrinsically present in a corn and soybean meal diet by young pigs for hemoglobin repletion. In Expt. 1, 3 groups (n = 8/group) of pigs were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet (BD, without inorganic iron addition) or BD + 2 or 4% inulin (Synergy 1: a mixture of oligofructose and long-chain inulin HIP, Orafti) for 5 wk. Final blood hemoglobin concentrations and the overall hemoglobin repletion efficiency of pigs were positively (r= 0.55 and 0.69, P < 0.01) correlated with dietary inulin concentrations. Compared with pigs fed the 3D, those fed 4% inulin demonstrated a 28% improvement (P < 0.01) in hemoglobin repletion efficiency and 15% (P < 0.01) improvement in the final blood hemoglobin concentration. In Expt. 2, 12 weanling pigs (n = 6/group) were fed the BD or the BD + 4% inulin for 6 wk. Pigs fed 4% inulin had higher (P < 0.05) soluble Fe concentrations in the digesta of the proximal, mid, and distal colon, and lower (P < 0.05) sulfide concentrations in the digesta of the distal colon. Supplemental inulin had virtually no effect on pH or phytase activity of digesta from any of the tested segments. In conclusion, supplementing 4% inulin improved utilization of intrinsic iron in the corn and soybean meal diet by young pigs, and this benefit was associated with soluble Fe and sulfide concentrations but not pH or phytase activity in the digesta. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lei, XG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM xl20@cornell.edu NR 56 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 136 IS 12 BP 3033 EP 3038 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 108ZH UT WOS:000242277200016 PM 17116716 ER PT J AU Poo-Prieto, R Haytowitz, DB Holden, JM Rogers, G Choumenkovitch, SF Jacques, PF Selhub, J AF Poo-Prieto, Rosalia Haytowitz, David B. Holden, Joanne M. Rogers, Gail Choumenkovitch, Silvina F. Jacques, Paul F. Selhub, Jacob TI Use of the affinity/HPLC method for quantitative estimation of folic acid in enriched cereal-grain products SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRIENZYME EXTRACTION; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; TOTAL FOLATE; FORTIFICATION; FOOD; PLASMA; HOMOCYSTEINE AB In 1998, the United States introduced mandatory fortification of enriched cereal-grain products with folic acid to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects. As a consequence, substantial amounts of folic acid, the synthetic form of folate, were added to the American diet, and the ability to assess folic acid intake took on greater importance. The purpose of the current study was to separate and quantify folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the most prominent naturally occurring folate in fortified foods, with a reliable and robust method. Folates were heat-extracted from food samples. A trienzyme treatment (a-amylase, rat plasma conjugase, and protease) was applied to the extracts followed by purification by affinity chromatography. Folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate were separated and quantified by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence and UV detection. A gradient elution with phosphate buffer and acetontrile was used to separate the different forms of folates. The method gave a linear response in a range of 0.1-3 mu mol/L and 0.0125-0.25 mu mol/L for folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, respectively. These ranges were similar to the expected levels in the samples. The CV of the peak areas of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate for 5 commercial wheat flour samples extracted and run separately on the same day was 2.0 and 5.7% and, run over 5 consecutive days, was 7.2 and 7.3%, respectively. Total folate values in 45 samples of fortified food measured by HPLC and by the traditional microbiological assay demonstrated a high correlation (r(2) = 0.986). C1 Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutrit Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jacob.selhub@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK058715] NR 27 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 136 IS 12 BP 3079 EP 3083 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 108ZH UT WOS:000242277200023 PM 17116723 ER PT J AU Wapenaar, W Jenkins, MC O'Handley, RM Barkema, HW AF Wapenaar, Wendela Jenkins, Mark C. O'Handley, Ryan M. Barkema, Herman W. TI Neospora caninum-like oocysts observed in feces of free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (Canis latrans) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; HAMMONDIA-HEYDORNI; INTERMEDIATE HOST; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; DOGS; TRANSMISSION; MICE; DIFFERENTIATION; SEROPREVALENCE AB The aim of this study was to examine the feces of free-ranging foxes and coyotes for the presence of Neospora caninum oocysts. Feces were collected from 271 foxes and 185 coyotes in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, processed by sucrose flotation, and examined by light microscopy for the presence of coccidian oocysts. In 2 fox and 2 coyote samples, oocysts morphologically and morphometrically similar to oocysts of N. caninum were observed. DNA was extracted from these samples and subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers to the N. caninum-specific Nc5 genomic sequence. Through DNA sequencing, alignment of the sequences of at least 3 clones from each isolate to sequences deposited in GenBank revealed 95-99% similarity to the Nc5 sequence of N. caninum. PCR using primers specific for Hammondia heydorni failed to yield an amplification product from these DNA samples. C1 Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. RP Wapenaar, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wwapenaar@gmail.com RI Barkema, Herman/B-9583-2008; Wapenaar, Wendela/G-4172-2011 OI Barkema, Herman/0000-0002-9678-8378; NR 29 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 92 IS 6 BP 1270 EP 1274 DI 10.1645/GE-913R.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 132RL UT WOS:000243959800019 PM 17304805 ER PT J AU Schwarzel, K Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT Wessolek, G AF Schwaerzel, Kai Simunek, Jirka van Genuchten, Martinus Th. Wessolek, Gerd TI Measurement and modeling of soil-water dynamics and evapotranspiration of drained peatland soils SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE LA English DT Article DE modeling; soil-water dynamics; evapotranspiration; peatland soils ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WET GRASSLAND; EVAPORATION; WETLAND; RESISTANCE; STORAGE; FLOW; BOG AB Natural peat soils serve as important sinks for nutrients, organic components, and water. Peat soils can pose major environmental problems when they are drained for agricultural production, which may change their role in the landscape from a sink to a source. To successfully restore and conserve peat soils, it is important to understand the soil-moisture dynamics and water demand of drained peat soils for different climate and groundwater conditions. For this purpose, we conducted a series of lysimeter experiments with peat soils subject to different groundwater levels. Evapotranspiration (ET) rates and upward capillary fluxes in peat soils under grass were measured, while TDR probes and tensiometers were used to monitor the soil-water dynamics in the lysimeter during the growing season. The lysimeter data were simulated using an extended version of HYDRUS-1D to enable ET calculations using the Penman-Monteith equation. A physically based approach was tested to predict the canopy resistance as a function of the average pressure head of the soil root zone. The numerical simulations closely followed the observed soil-moisture dynamics in the lysimeter and were consistent with measured differences in ET rates for different groundwater levels. Besides average climate conditions, the effects of extreme dry and wet weather conditions on ET and groundwater recharge during the growing season were evaluated using the calibrated numerical model for different groundwater levels. Evapotranspiration rates during dry years depended very much on upward capillary flow from the water table and hence on the soil hydraulic properties. During wet years, however, ET was controlled mostly by the evaporative demand of the atmosphere, and much less by the soil hydraulic properties. C1 Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Soil Sci Site Ecol, D-01735 Tharandt, Germany. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Ecol, Dept Soil Sci & Soil Protect, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. RP Schwarzel, K (reprint author), Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Soil Sci Site Ecol, Pienner Str 19, D-01735 Tharandt, Germany. EM Kai.Schwaerzel@Forst.TU-Dresden.de RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1436-8730 J9 J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC JI J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.-Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenkd. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 169 IS 6 BP 762 EP 774 DI 10.1002/jpln.200621992 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 120NT UT WOS:000243092400004 ER PT J AU Lopez-Lopez, MA Aguirre-Bravo, C Reich, R AF Lopez-Lopez, Miguel A. Aguirre-Bravo, Celedonio Reich, Robin TI Montezuma pine nutrient status as affected by alder densities and nitrogen fertilization SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE LA English DT Article DE Alnus arguta; biological nitrogen fixation; alder-to-pine ratio; Pinus montezumae; vector analysis ID DOUGLAS-FIR; RED ALDER; MIXED STANDS; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS; PLANTATION; COTTONWOOD; EUCALYPTUS; SEEDLINGS AB Literature reports both positive and negative effects of N-fixing alders on conifer growth in alder-conifer stands. Such divergent effects probably result from poorly understood species interactions. The aim of this work was to examine how varying alder-to-pine ratios (APRs) and N fertilization affect pine nutrient status. A pseudo-experiment was installed in each of two areas of regeneration (AR) with different amounts of radiation reaching alder. The experimental approach consisted of a series of pseudoreplicated plots with five APRs within each AR. Half of each plot received 200 kg N ha(-1). Data were interpreted by vector analysis. Alders in the AR 1987 induced needle-biomass reductions, K deficiency, and P accumulation in pine needles. However, nutrient availability increased with the proportion of alders in the AR 1989, where alders received high sunlight due to a less dense pine stand. Nitrogen fertilization increased needle biomass and N in three out of five alder proportions where alders were sunlight-limited. In the other stand, with the exception of the no-alder and A4 plots, positive effects of N fertilization increased with decreasing alder density. We conclude that sunlight-limited alders may not positively affect associated-species growth even in N-limited sites. C1 Colegio Postgrad, Texcoco 56230, Estado Mexico, Mexico. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, NRRC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forests Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Off 124, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lopez-Lopez, MA (reprint author), Colegio Postgrad, Km 36-5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Estado Mexico, Mexico. EM lopezma@colpos.mx NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1436-8730 J9 J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC JI J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.-Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenkd. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 169 IS 6 BP 833 EP 840 DI 10.1002/jpln.200520585 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 120NT UT WOS:000243092400012 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Irwin, PL Reed, SA Tu, SI AF Gehring, Andrew G. Irwin, Peter L. Reed, Sue A. Tu, Shu-I TI Enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescence incorporating anti-H7 and anti-O157 antibodies for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-CEREUS; SALMONELLA; ENRICHMENT; PHOSPHATE; O157/H7; FOODS; BEEF; PCR AB The pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been associated with numerous cases of foodborne illnesses. Many rapid methods have been developed for the screening of this pathogen in foods in order to circumvent timely plate culture techniques. However, many of these methods are presumptive and do not claim to confirm the presence of E. coli O157:H7. We developed a rapid method (termed enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescence [ELIMCL]) that employed a relatively affordable and portable luminometer with a superparamagnetic microparticle-based enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay. A key feature of this assay is that it combines the highly selective synergism of both anti-O157 and anti-H7 antibodies in the sandwich immunoassay format, thus allowing for potential confirmation of the pathogen. This work presented the development of ELIMCL that incorporated a one-step sandwich immunoassay that was demonstrated to have a limit of detection of approximately 1 e5-1 e6 live cells/mL of E. coli O157:H7 in pristine-buffered saline in approximately 1 h or at least 50 cells/mL of E. coli O157:H7 inoculated into ground beef and culture enriched for 5.5 h. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM andrew.gehring@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2006.00059.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 119PH UT WOS:000243023700006 ER PT J AU Krinsky, BF Drake, MA Civille, GV Dean, LL Hendrix, KW Sanders, TH AF Krinsky, B. F. Drake, M. A. Civille, G. V. Dean, L. L. Hendrix, K. W. Sanders, T. H. TI The development of a lexicon for frozen vegetable soybeans (edamame) SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS; SOYMILK AB American vegetable soybean (edamame) consumption is limited, but potential for increased markets based on U.S. production is high. Vegetable soybeans (Glycine max. [L.] Merrill) are harvested while the seeds are still immature. Because of limited harvesting time, freezing is essential for year-round availability of edamame. A lexicon to identify and define the aromatics, tastes and feeling factors for edamame was created using a total of 20 shelled and in-pod samples of commercial frozen edamame. The edamame lexicon development was initiated by a commercial sensory company, further developed by a 12-member panel of flavor and/or soybean specialists and finalized by a trained sensory panel. Intensity ratings, based on the Spectrum descriptive analysis method, were assigned to terms in the lexicon. References that exemplified the terms were obtained and evaluated for applicability by the panel. Edamame flavor was described by 13 aromatic attributes, three feeling factors and the basic tastes that were subsequently used by a trained descriptive panel to demonstrate the usefulness of the terms and intensities on a subset of the original commercial samples and limited samples from a blanching study using freshly harvested vegetable soybeans. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sensory Spectrum Inc, New Providence, NJ 07974 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, ARS, USDA, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_sanders@ncsu.edu RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0887-8250 J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 644 EP 653 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2006.00088.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 102RZ UT WOS:000241832300007 ER PT J AU Rumawas, ME McKeown, NM Rogers, G Meigs, JB Wilson, PWF Jacques, PF AF Rumawas, Marcella E. McKeown, Nicola M. Rogers, Gail Meigs, James B. Wilson, Peter W. F. Jacques, Paul F. TI Magnesium intake is related to improved insulin homeostasis in the framingham offspring cohort SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE observational; diet; magnesium; insulin; glucose; diabetes ID WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; DIETARY MAGNESIUM; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RESISTANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; MODEL ASSESSMENT; US ADULTS AB Objective: Higher dietary intake of magnesium may protect against development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary magnesium intake and metabolic risk factors for diabetes. Methods: We examined cross-sectional associations between magnesium intake and fasting glucose and insulin, 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose and, insulin, and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) in 1223 men and 1485 women without diabetes from the Framingham Offspring cohort. Magnesium intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and magnesium intake was categorized into quintile categories. Geometric mean insulin, glucose, 2-hour post challenge plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were estimated across quintile categories of magnesium intake using Generalized Linear Models. Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, magnesium intake was inversely associated with fasting insulin (mean: 29.9 vs 26.7 mu U/mL in the lowest vs highest quintiles of magnesium intake; P trend < 0.001), post-glucose challenge plasma insulin (86.4 vs 72 mu U/mL; P trend < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (7.0 vs 6.2; P trend < 0.001). No significant association was found between magnesium intake and fasting glucose or 2-hour post challenge glucose. Conclusions: Improved insulin sensitivity may be one mechanism by which higher dietary magnesium intake may reduce the risk of developing type 2 DM. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, JM USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP McKeown, NM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, JM USDA, HNRC, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nicola.mckeown@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195] NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 486 EP 492 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 129PE UT WOS:000243740600004 PM 17229895 ER PT J AU Sharpe, PA Granner, ML Conway, JM Ainsworth, BE Dobre, M AF Sharpe, Patricia A. Granner, Michelle L. Conway, Joan M. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Dobre, Mirela TI Availability of weight-loss supplements: Results of an audit of retail outlets in a southeastern city SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REDUCING BODY-WEIGHT; CITRUS-AURANTIUM; CHROMIUM PICOLINATE; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; GREEN TEA; EPHEDRA; EXTRACT; COMPLEMENTARY; METAANALYSIS; SYNEPHRINE AB The sale of nonprescription weight-loss products accounts for millions of dollars spent by Americans trying to lose weight, yet there is little evidence for effectiveness and there are multiple safety concerns. The purpose of this study was to determine what products, and ingredients within products, were available at retail outlets in a metropolitan area. A purposive sampling strategy identified 73 retail outlets. An audit form was used to collect information from product labels. The audit identified 402 products containing 4,053 separate ingredients. The mean number of ingredients per product was 9.9 +/- 8.96 (range=1 to 96). A database search was conducted regarding evidence for effectiveness, safety precautions, and side effects for the 10 ingredients that appeared most often across products. Modest evidence of effectiveness exists for green tea (Camellia sinensis), chromium picolinate, and ma huang (Ephedra major). For the remaining seven (ginger root [Zingiber officinale], guarana [Paullinia cupana], hydroxycitric acid [Garcinia cambogia], white willow [Salix alba], Siberian ginseng [Eleutherococcus senticosus], cayenne [Capsicum annuum], and bitter orange/zhi shi [Citrus aurantium]), inadequate or negative evidence exists. Although precautions and contraindications were found for all 10 ingredients, the strongest concerns in the literature appear for ma huang, bitter orange, and guarana. Our audit revealed numerous weight-loss products available to consumers, yet there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of the top 10 ingredients identified and many potential adverse reactions; therefore, food and nutrition professionals should discuss dietary supplement use with their clients. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Publ Hlth, Reno, NV 89557 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, Mesa, AZ USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Div Biostat, Publ Hlth Stat & Informat Serv, S Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring S, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Sharpe, PA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 921 Assembly St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM pasharpe@sc.edu FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU40966] NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 106 IS 12 BP 2045 EP 2051 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.09.014 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 112YH UT WOS:000242563600022 PM 17126636 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Description of subgenus Pardomyia theobald and comparison with the nominotypical subgenus of Mucidus theobald (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE Mucidus; mosquito; Pardomyia; Mu. aurantius aurantius; Mu. aurantius chrysogaster; Mu. painei; Mu. quadripunctis ID ROSS RIVER VIRUS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; WEST-AFRICAN SAVANNA; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; MURRAY VALLEY; TRIBE AEDINI; ARBOVIRUS EPIDEMIOLOGY; RELICTUAL FOREST; NORTH QUEENSLAND; MAROOCHY SHIRE AB Pardomyia is validated as a subgenus of Mucidus and primary characters are given to separate it from the nominotypical subgenus. All life stages of the subgenus are described. The subgenus occurs in the Oriental and Australasian Regions and includes Mu. aurantius aurantius, Mu. aurantius chrysogaster, Mu. painei, and Mu. quadripunctis. A "previous usage" section is provided for tracking the published generic-level history of the 14 species, one with subspecies, currently included in Mucidus. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Washington, DC USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 325 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 586 EP 600 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[586:DOSPTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125LY UT WOS:000243444600003 PM 17304923 ER PT J AU Welch, CH Kline, DL Allan, SA Barnard, DR AF Welch, C. H. Kline, D. L. Allan, S. A. Barnard, D. R. TI Laboratory evaluation of a dyed food marking technique for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culex quinquefasciatus; dye marking; methylene blue; Giemsa; crystal violet ID SURVIVAL; RUBIDIUM; MARKERS; FIELD AB A method of marking adult Culex quinquefasciatus by feeding the larvae commercial hog chow dyed with methylene blue, Giemsa, and crystal violet was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Of 243 mosquitoes fed the dyed food, 230 had visible marks (94.6%). The dyed food increased the egg-adult development time from 11.4 to 12.1 d. After 9 d, 82.5% of adult mosquitoes dyed as larvae could be identified, and remained detectable for up to 15 d, their maximum laboratory life. C1 USDA, ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Welch, CH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 626 EP 628 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[626:LEOADF]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125LY UT WOS:000243444600008 PM 17304928 ER PT J AU Williams, CR Bergbauer, R Geier, M Kline, DL Bernier, UR Russell, RC Ritchie, SA AF Williams, Craig R. Bergbauer, Ramona Geier, Martin Kline, Daniel L. Bernier, Ulrich R. Russell, Richard C. Ritchie, Scott A. TI Laboratory and field assessment of some kairomone blends for host-seeking Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; BG-sentinel traps; dengue; kairomones; host seeking; Y-tube olfactometer ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITOS; L-LACTIC ACID; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ODOR; SURVEILLANCE; ATTRACTION; TRAPS; CULICIDAE; OVITRAP; DIPTERA AB Using laboratory Y-tube olfactometers, the attractiveness of lactic acid and 2 kairomone blends from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and BioGents GmbH (BG) was assessed for attractiveness to Aedes aegypti. Four geographically disparate populations were assessed: North Queensland Australia (NQA), Florida USA, Minas Gerais Brazil (MGB), and Singapore. In descending order, populations were attracted to USDA, BG blends, and lactic acid. MGB was poorly attracted to lactic acid alone. The blends were less attractive than human odor. Proprietary blends were modified, and their attractiveness was assessed to find the optimum attractive mixture for NQA. Adding acetone to BG, and ammonia and caproic acid to USDA, improved attractiveness in the laboratory. Field attractiveness was assessed by Coupling the blends with a newly developed BG-Sentinel A e. aegypti trap. Trials were carried out using the BG blend, BG blend plus acetone, USDA blend, USDA blend plus ammonia and caproic acid, and a control trap with no kairomones. The traps were highly effective, with mean 24-h collections up to 11.15 Ae. aegypti per trap, and this species made up 91.7% of collections. However, the effectiveness of the unbaited control trap indicated that the BG-Sentinel has visual attractive properties for Ae. aegypti and that the kairomone lures added little to trap performance in NQA. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Zool, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Sydney, Westmead Hosp, Dept Med Entomol, ICPMR, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Queensland Hlth, Trop Populat Hlth Unit, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, POB 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. RI Williams, Craig/A-1617-2011 OI Williams, Craig/0000-0002-4758-1506 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[641:LAFAOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125LY UT WOS:000243444600011 PM 17304931 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA AF Piazza, George J. Foglia, Thomas A. TI One-pot synthesis of fatty acid epoxides from triacylglycerols using enzymes present in oat seeds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; fatty acid; fatty epoxide; hydroperoxide; lipase; oat seed; oxidation; peroxygenase ID AVENA-SATIVA L; LINOLEIC-ACID; PEROXYGENASE; LIPASE; OIL; EPOXIDATION; GENERATION; OXIDATION; CATALYST AB In our previous work we used ground oat (Avena sativa) seeds as an inexpensive source of enzymes for the modification of FA or their chemical derivatives. We have extended this work by observing the products derived from an intact fat and three vegetable oils through the concerted action of oat seed enzymes. A modified reversed-phase HPLC protocol was devised that allowed the quantification of FFA, epoxy FA, and acylglycerols without derivatization. It was found that the addition of the surfactant deoxycholate or calcium chloride was needed to observe best hydrolysis of TAG to FA. Without an added oxidant, lipase action produced up to 80% by weight of FA at pH 7-9 with small amounts of DAG and MAG. When the oxidant t-butyl hydroperoxide was added in the presence of deoxycholate, the FA were partially converted to epoxide derivatives (up to 35% by weight). When calcium chloride replaced deoxycholate, only 4% by weight of the product was epoxide derivatives. The highest levels of FA epoxides were generated at pH 7, and up to 15% by weight of the product at this pH was epoxymonostearin (monoepoxyoctadecanoylglycerol). The optimal molar amount of t-butyl hydroperoxide to add with deoxycholate for high epoxide formation was 1.4 to 2.8 times the amount of fatty esters in soybean oil. In no instance were oxidized DAG or TAG detected, demonstrating that a highly specific enzymatic process was responsible for epoxide formation. The epoxide products may be used to produce polyols with high viscosity for grease preparations. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gpiazza@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1021 EP 1025 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5157-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 122FX UT WOS:000243212200005 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT Nunez, A Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Wyatt, Victor T. Nunez, Alberto Foglia, Thomas A. Marmer, William N. TI Synthesis of hyperbranched poly(glycerol-diacid) oligomers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diacids; glycerol; hyperbranching; polymers ID POLY(ETHER SULFONE)S; POLYMERIZATION; POLYIMIDES; POLYESTERS; GLYCEROL; ACID AB Novel oligomeric prepolymers were synthesized by acid-catalyzed condensation of glycerol with iminodiacetic, azelaic, or succinic acid. The prepolymers were obtained, on average, in 62% yield and were characterized by C-13 NMR, H-1 NMR, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography. The synthesized oligomers had an average M.W. of 1543 Daltons (average polydispersity (PD) = 1.34, average degree of polymerization (DOP) = 5.5). Hyperbranching was evident in the oligomers produced when using azelaic acid and succinic acid as co-monomers with glycerol, whereas the reaction between iminodiacetic acid and glycerol resulted in linear products bearing cyclic urethane structures. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Wyatt, VT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1033 EP 1039 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5159-y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 122FX UT WOS:000243212200007 ER PT J AU Gitau, MW Veith, TL Gburek, WJ Jarrett, AR AF Gitau, Margaret W. Veith, Tamie L. Gburek, William J. Jarrett, Albert R. TI Watershed level best management practice selection and placement in the town brook watershed, New York SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Specialty Conference of the American-Water-Resources-Association CY JUN, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE BMP effectiveness; nonpoint source pollution; optimization; SWAT; simulation ID BMP PLACEMENT; OPTIMIZATION AB For a number of years, best management practices (BMPs) have been implemented within the Town Brook watershed as part of a watershed wide effort to reduce phosphorus losses to the New York City water supply reservoirs. Currently, there are no quantitative indications of the effectiveness of these practices at the watershed scale. Additionally, work is needed to evaluate management practice solutions for costs in relation to effectiveness. In this study we develop a methodology for evaluating management solutions to determine the best way(s) to select and place management practices so that pollutant removal targets are met at minimum cost. The study combines phosphorus losses as simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), management practice effectiveness estimates from a predeveloped characterization tool, and practice costs in optimizations using a genetic algorithm. For a user defined target phosphorus removal (60 percent for this study), optimization favors nutrient management plans, crop rotations, contour strip cropping, and riparian forest buffers; the most cost effective scenario achieves a cost effectiveness of $24/kg phosphorus removal per year compared to the $34/kg phosphorus removal per year associated with the current basic implementation scheme. The study suggests that there is a need to evaluate potential solutions prior to implementation and offers a means of generating and evaluating the solutions. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gitau, MW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, 208 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. EM mgitau@uark.edu RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1565 EP 1581 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb06021.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 127UP UT WOS:000243612100011 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Langendoen, EJ Doyle, MW AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Langendoen, Eddy J. Doyle, Martin W. TI Reply to discussion by Xixi Wang, Assefa M. Melesse, Steve W. Kelsch, and Wanhong Yang - "Adapting existing models to examine effects of agricultural conservation programs on stream habitat quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dshields@ars.usda.gov RI Melesse, Assefa/F-9931-2013; OI Melesse, Assefa/0000-0003-4724-9367; Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1715 EP 1716 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb06032.x PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 127UP UT WOS:000243612100022 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, XL Gu, LW AF Prior, Ronald L. Wu, Xianli Gu, Liwei TI Flavonoid metabolism and challenges to understanding mechanisms of health effects SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY WOMEN; ANTHOCYANINS; RATS; ABSORPTION; CONSUMPTION; HUMANS; PROCYANIDINS; PIGS; 3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE; (-)-EPICATECHIN C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 86 IS 15 BP 2487 EP 2491 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2611 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 112JZ UT WOS:000242523300002 ER PT J AU Li, MHH Robinson, EH Oberle, DF Bosworth, BG AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Oberle, Daniel F. Bosworth, Brian G. TI Effects of dietary protein concentration and feeding regimen on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH-RESPONSE; BODY-COMPOSITION; PRODUCTION PONDS; HYBRID SUNFISH; DEPRIVATION; GAIN AB A factorial experiment was conducted to examine effects of dietary protein concentration (24, 28, 32, or 36%) and feeding regimen (feeding once daily or every other day [EOD]) on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production in earthen ponds. Compared with fish fed daily, fish fed EOD had lower feed consumption, weight gain, net production, and percentage of market-size fish but had high feed efficiency and required fewer hours of aeration. Fish fed EOD also had lower carcass yield, fillet yield, and visceral and fillet fat. There was a significant interaction between dietary protein and feeding regimen for weight gain. No significant differences were observed in weight gain of fish fed daily with diets containing various levels of protein, whereas weight gain of fish fed EOD with a 24% protein diet was lower than those fed EOD with higher protein diets. Results suggest that response of channel catfish to dietary protein levels depends on whether the fish were fed daily or EOD. Feeding EOD to satiation improved feed efficiency and required less aeration compared with fish fed daily but also reduced net production and processing yield; therefore, EOD feeding should be examined closely before implementation. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MHH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00050.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 108JK UT WOS:000242235900004 ER PT J AU Davis, KB McEntire, M AF Davis, Kenneth B. McEntire, Matthew TI Effect of photoperiod on feeding, intraperitoneal fat, and insulin-like growth factor-I in sunshine bass SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The length of the photoperiod has been implicated as affecting growth of sunshine bass. This study was done to determine if photoperiod length might affect insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which is a major hormonal regulator of growth in fish. Growth, feed conversion, peritoneal fat content, and plasma concentrations of IGF-I of sunshine bass were compared on fish held on a short (8 h) or a long (16 h) photoperiod, or after the fish were switched from one photoperiod to the other. Fish were fed daily to apparent satiation for up to 5 wk and were not fed for the last 2 wk of the experiment. Body weight and intraperitoneal fat content increased for the first 2 wk of the experiment and then remained steady for the remainder of the experiment, and feed consumption decreased from 3.5% during the first 2 wk to about 1.5% for the second 2 wk and finally to only 1% during the last week of feeding. Plasma IGF-I concentrations fell steadily during the entire experiment and was at the lowest level during the last 2 wk when the fish were not fed. There was no consistent effect of the photoperiod in any of the conditions; however, feeding and IGF-I concentrations were affected by fish density. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38732 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00056.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 108JK UT WOS:000242235900010 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Small, BC AF Peterson, Brian C. Small, Brian C. TI Effect of feeding frequency on feed consumption, growth, and feed efficiency in aquarium-reared Norris and NWAC103 channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-INTAKE; BODY-COMPOSITION; STRAINS; DIGESTION; DIETS; YIELD; TIME AB A 6-wk feeding study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding frequency on growth rate of juvenile Norris and NWAC103 channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, reared under laboratory conditions. Four replicate groups of Norris and NWAC103 catfish (average weight of 4.0 +/- 0.2 g/fish, SEM) were fed to visual satiety at different feeding frequencies (one, two, or three times daily). The percent of total daily food consumed for Norris catfish fed three times daily (0800, 1200, and 1600 h) was 44.4, 27.7, and 27.9%, respectively, while NWAC103 catfish consumed 42.9, 26.7, and 30.4%, respectively. Specific growth rate and feed intake were higher in fish fed three times daily compared to fish fed once and twice daily for both strains. Feed efficiency was reduced in NWAC103 fed three times daily compared to fish fed once or twice, while feed efficiency was similar among the Norris treatments. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract index ([weight of GI tract/weight of fish] x 100) decreased in NWAC103 catfish as feeding frequency increased, while a similar nonsignificant trend was also observed in Norris catfish. The results of this study demonstrate that aquarium-reared Norris and NWAC103 catfish fed three times a day consume more feed and gain more weight than catfish fed once or twice a day. The observed decrease in the GI index as a result of feeding more frequently demonstrates that the size of the GI tract increases, relative to body weight, when catfish are fed only once a day. Under laboratory conditions, the number of times a day the fish are fed should be considered when trying to maximize growth of NWAC103 and Norris strains of catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 490 EP 495 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00062.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 108JK UT WOS:000242235900016 ER PT J AU Gaylord, TG Teague, AM Barrows, FT AF Gaylord, T. Gibson Teague, April M. Barrows, Frederic T. TI Taurine supplementation of all-plant protein diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; FISH-MEAL; JUVENILE; RATS; REPLACEMENT; TOXICITY AB Taurine has been demonstrated to be conditionally indispensable for several carnivorous fish species. Current trends in trout production include decreasing levels of fish-meal content in feeds, along with faster growing strains of fish. Taurine may be a limiting nutrient in support of elevated planes of growth for rainbow trout. A 9-wk feeding trial was conducted using a factorial treatment design with protein source (fish meal or plant) and taurine supplementation (four levels) as the main effects. The fish-meal diet series included 23% herring meal and contained 1.76% total sulfur amino acids (TSAA). The plant diet series did not contain any animal proteins and substituted protein from soy protein concentrate in place of the herring-meal protein and contained 1.5% TSAA. Taurine was supplemented at 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg dry diet to each of the diets in the plant series and the fish-meal series of diets. All diets were formulated to contain 43.8% crude protein and 20% lipid with an estimated physiological fuel value of 4.2 kcal/g. Fifteen fish were stocked in each of 24 tanks with a mean initial weight of approximately 26.8 g per fish. The unsupplemented fish-meal diet contained 2 g/kg taurine, and the unsupplemented plant diet had taurine levels below the detection limit of 0.1 g/kg diet. Taurine supplementation improved growth, feed conversion ratios, protein retention efficiencies, and energy retention efficiencies of fish fed the plant protein diets. No effects of taurine supplementation were observed for these response factors in fish fed the fish-meal series diets. This study demonstrates that taurine supplementation may be necessary for rainbow trout fed plant-protein-based feeds. C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Gaylord, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 26 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00064.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 108JK UT WOS:000242235900018 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Lauenroth, WK AF Bradford, John B. Lauenroth, William K. TI Controls over invasion of Bromus tectorum: The importance of climate, soil, disturbance and seed availability SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; climate; disturbance; seed availability; simulation modelling; soil water dynamics. ID DOWNY BROME; GREAT-BASIN; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ARID GRASSLAND; NORTH-AMERICA; CHEATGRASS; WATER AB Question: Predicting the future abundance and distribution of invasive plants requires knowing how they respond to environmental conditions. In arid and semi-arid ecosystems where water is a limiting resource, environmental conditions and disturbance patterns influence invasions by altering acquisition and utilization of water over space and time. We ask: 1. How do variations in climatic and soil properties influence temporal soil water dynamics? 2. How does this variation affect the establishment of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), a cool-season annual grass that has Successfully colonized much of the U.S. Great Basin? Location: Short-grass Steppe in northeastern Colorado, USA; Arid Lands Ecology reserve in southeastern Washington, USA; and the Patagonian steppe of the Chubut province in Argentina. Methods: We utilized a soil water model to simulate seasonal soil water dynamics in multiple combinations of climatic and soil properties. In addition, we utilized a gap dynamics model to simulate the impact of disturbance regime and seed availability on competition between B. tectorum and native plants. Results: Our results suggest that climate is very important, but that soil properties do not significantly influence the probability of observing conditions suitable for B. tectorum establishment. Results of the plant competition model indicate that frequent disturbance causes more Bromus tectorum in invaded areas and higher seed availability causes faster invasion. Conclusions: These results imply a general framework for understanding Bromus tectorum invasion in which climatic conditions dictate which areas are susceptible to invasion, disturbance regime dictates the severity of invasion and seed availability dictates the speed of invasion. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1861 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM jbbradford@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 NR 66 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 693 EP 704 DI 10.1658/1100-9233(2006)17[693:COIOBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 135YP UT WOS:000244190100001 ER PT J AU DeHaven, WR Goldberg, R AF DeHaven, W. Ron Goldberg, Ruth TI Animal health: Foundation of a safe, secure, and abundant food supply SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB During the past century, reductions in animal diseases have resulted in a safer, more uniform, and more economical food supply. In the United States, the passage of the 1906 Federal Meat Inspection Act mandated better sanitary conditions for slaughter and processing, as well as inspection of live animals and their processed products. Following World War 11, Congress passed the Poultry Products Inspection Act. Both acts are regulated by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is responsible for regulations governing the health of live animals prior to slaughter. This article is a brief overview of the ways in which the current predominance of zoonotics among emerging diseases underscores the importance of veterinary health professionals and the need for continued coordination between animal-health and public-health officials. Examples of intersections between animal- and public-health concerns include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and Johne's disease, as well as extending beyond food safety to diseases such as avian influenza (AI). In the United States, we have in place an extensive public and private infrastructure to address animal-health issues, including the necessary expertise and resources to address animal-health emergencies. However, many challenges remain, including a critical shortage of food-animal veterinarians. These challenges can be met by recruiting and training a cadre of additional food-supply veterinarians, pursuing new technologies, collaborating with public-health officials to create solutions, and sending a clear and consistent message to the public about important animal-health issues. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP DeHaven, WR (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 1400 Independence Ave,SW,Rm 313-E, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ron.dehaven@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 496 EP 501 DI 10.3138/jvme.33.4.496 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 130OI UT WOS:000243808500004 PM 17220485 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, D Thompson, TS German, TL Willis, DK AF Rotenberg, Dorith Thompson, Thea S. German, Thomas L. Willis, David K. TI Methods for effective real-time RT-PCR analysis of virus-induced gene silencing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE SYBRGreen; cDNA; tobacco ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; PLANT-VIRUSES; POLYMERASE; RESISTANCE; MOVEMENT; TOMATO; VECTOR; ROOTS; TOOL AB We applied real-time RT-PCR to the analysis of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. Using a combination of direct measurement and mathematical assessment, we evaluated three plant genes, ubiquitin (ubi3), elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1), and actin, for use as internal reference transcripts and found that EF-1 and ubi3 were least variable under our experimental conditions. Primer sets designed to amplify the 5 ' or 3 ' regions of endogenous PDS transcripts in tomato yielded similar reductions in transcript levels indicating a uniform VIGS-mediated degradation of target RNA. By measuring the ratio of the abundance of the PDS insert transcript to the TRV coat protein RNA, we established that the PDS insert within TRV was stable in both hosts. VIGS in N. benthamiana resulted in complete photo-bleaching of all foliar tissue compared to chimeric bleaching in tomato. PDS transcript levels were decreased eleven- and seven-fold in photobleached leaves of N. benthamiana and tomato, respectively, while sampling tomato leaflets on the basis of age rather than visible bleaching resulted in only a 17% reduction in PDS coupled with a large leaf-to-leaf variation. There was a significant inverse relationship (r(2) = 76%, P = 0.01) between the relative abundance of CP RNA and the amount of PDS transcript in rTRV::tPDS-infected tomato suggesting that virus spread and accumulation are required precursors for successful VIGS in this host. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Willis, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, RM 683 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dkwillis@wisc.edu NR 28 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2006 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.07.017 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 105TP UT WOS:000242055500007 PM 16959330 ER PT J AU Callison, SA Hilt, DA Boynton, TO Sample, BF Robison, R Swayne, DE Jackwood, MW AF Callison, Scott A. Hilt, Deborah A. Boynton, Tye O. Sample, Brenda F. Robison, Robert Swayne, David E. Jackwood, Mark W. TI Development and evaluation of a real-time Taqman RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE real-time RT-PCR; IBV; diagnostic test; coronavirus ID SEROTYPE IDENTIFICATION; S-1 GENE; ANTIBODIES AB It is important to rapidly differentiate infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) from disease agents like highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and exotic Newcastle disease virus, which can be extremely similar in the early stages of their pathogenesis. In this study, we report the development and testing of a real-time RT-PCR assay using a Taqman (R)-labeled probe for early and rapid detection of IBV. The assay amplifies a 143-bp product in the 5 '-UTR of the IBV genome and has a limit of detection and quantification of 100 template copies per reaction. All 15 strains of IBV tested as well as two Turkey coronavirus strains were amplified, whereas none of the other pathogens examined, tested positive. Evaluation of the assay was completed with 1329 tracheal swab samples. A total of 680 samples collected from IBV antibody negative birds were negative for IBV by the real-time RT-PCR assay. We tested 229 tracheal swabs submitted to two different diagnostic laboratories and found 79.04% of the tracheal swabs positive for IBV by real-time RT-PCR, whereas only 27.51% of the samples were positive by virus isolation, which is the reference standard test. We also collected a total of 120 tracheal swabs at six different time points from birds experimentally infected with different dosages of IBV and found that, independent of the dose given, the viral load in the trachea plateau at 5 days post-inoculation. In addition, an inverse relationship between the dose of virus given and the viral load at 14 days post-inoculation was observed. Finally, we tested 300 total tracheal swab samples, from a flock of commercial broilers spray vaccinated for IBV in the field. The percentage of birds infected with the IBV vaccine at 3, 7, and 14 days post-vaccination was 58%, 65%, and 83%, respectively, indicating that only slightly more than half the birds were initially infected then the vaccine was subsequently transmitted to other birds in the flock. This observation is significant because coronaviruses, which have a high mutation rate, can revert to pathogenicity when bird-to-bird transmission occurs. The real-time RT-PCR test described herein can be used to rapidly distinguish IBV from other respiratory pathogens, which is important for control of this highly infectious virus. The test was extremely sensitive and specific, and can be used to quantitate viral genomic RNA in clinical samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Delaware, Agr Res Lab, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. Maryland Diagnost Lab, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackwood, MW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mjackwoo@uga.edu NR 13 TC 80 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2006 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.07.018 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 105TP UT WOS:000242055500008 PM 16934878 ER PT J AU Driskell, JD Kwarta, KM Lipert, RJ Vorwald, A Neill, JD Ridpath, JF Porter, MD AF Driskell, Jeremy D. Kwarta, Karen M. Lipert, Robert J. Vorwald, Ann Neill, John D. Ridpath, Julia F. Porter, Marc D. TI Control of antigen mass transfer via capture substrate rotation: An absolute method for the determination of viral pathogen concentration and reduction of heterogeneous immunoassay incubation times SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE immunoassay; induced flux; PPV; atomic force microscopy ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ANTIBODY-BINDING; DISK ELECTRODE; FLOW SYSTEM; DIFFUSION; SURFACE; GOLD AB Immunosorbent assays are commonly employed as diagnostic tests in human healthcare, veterinary medicine and bioterrorism prevention. These assays, however, often require long incubation times, limiting sample throughput. As an approach to overcome this weakness, this paper examines the use of rotating capture substrates to increase the flux of antigen to the surface, thereby reducing the incubation time. To assess the capability of this approach, porcine parvovirus (PPV) was selectively extracted from solution by systematically varying the rotation rate of a gold substrate modified with a layer of anti-PPV monoclonal antibodies. The captured PPV were then directly imaged and quantified by atomic force microscopy. The benefits of substrate rotation are demonstrated by comparing an assay performed under stagnant conditions to one carried out with substrate rotation at 800 rpm, both for 10 min incubations at 25 degrees C. The use of rotation lowered the limit of detection to 3.4 x 10(4) TCID50/ML (similar to 80 fM) from 3.2 x 10(5) TCID50/mL (similar to 800 fM) under stagnant conditions. Results are also presented that show this strategy can be used: (1) to determine antigen concentrations without standards and (2) to establish the numerical relationship between quantal concentration units (e.g., 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)) and quantitative concentration units (e.g., viruses/mL) The potential to broadly apply this technique to heterogeneous immunoassays is also briefly discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Dept Chem, Ames Lab,USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames Lab,USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Combinatorial Chem, Biodesign Inst, 1001 S McAllister,Mail Code 6401, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM marc.porter@asu.edu RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; OI Driskell, Jeremy/0000-0001-5082-898X NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2006 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.08.011 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 105TP UT WOS:000242055500021 PM 17034870 ER PT J AU Fang, Y Rowland, RRR Roof, M Lunney, JK Christopher-Hennings, J Nelson, EA AF Fang, Ying Rowland, Raymond R. R. Roof, Michael Lunney, Joan K. Christopher-Hennings, Jane Nelson, Eric A. TI A full-length cDNA infectious clone of North American type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Expression of green fluorescent protein in the Nsp2 region SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPLICASE ORF1A PROTEIN; EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS; ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; LELYSTAD-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; OVERLAP EXTENSION; SWINE INFERTILITY; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMERASE AB The recent emergence of a unique group of North American type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in the United States presents new disease control problems for a swine industry that has already been impacted seriously by North American type 2 PRRSV. In this study, a full-length cDNA infectious clone was generated from a low-virulence North American type I PRRSV isolate, SD01-08. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cloned virus maintained growth properties similar to those of the parental virus. Virological, pathological, and immunological observations from animals challenged with cloned viruses were similar to those from animals challenged with the parental virus and a modified live virus vaccine. To further explore the potential use as a viral backbone for expressing foreign genes, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was inserted into a unique deletion site located at amino acid positions 348 and 349 of the predicted Nsp2 region in the virus, and expression of the Nsp2-GFP fusion protein was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. The availability of this North American type 1 infectious clone provides an important research tool for further study of the basic viral biology and pathogenic mechanisms of this group of type 1 PRRSV in the United States. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Vaccinol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmed Inc, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fang, Y (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Vaccinol, Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM ying.fang@sdstate.edu NR 36 TC 75 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 80 IS 23 BP 11447 EP 11455 DI 10.1128/JVI.01032-06 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 108ED UT WOS:000242222200003 PM 16971421 ER PT J AU Suring, LH Farley, SD Hilderbrand, GV Goldstein, MI Howlin, S Erickson, WP AF Suring, Lowell H. Farley, Sean D. Hilderbrand, Grant V. Goldstein, Michael I. Howlin, Shay Erickson, Wallace P. TI Patterns of landscape use by female brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; brown bear; habitat selection; radiotelemetry; Ursus arctos ID GRIZZLY BEARS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; POSITIVE IMPACTS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; URSUS-ARCTOS; BODY-MASS; HABITAT; RISK; ECOTOURISM; SELECTION AB We describe landscape use of female brown bears (Ursus arctos) on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA. Radiocollars, fitted to 43 adult female brown bears, provided radio relocations, which we used to describe habitat use patterns by season and reproductive class at the landscape scale. Brown bears were associated with areas with low densities of human developments and roads, as well as riparian areas that were close to cover. Presence of streams and lakes that supported spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) positively influenced summertime distribution of bears. Female brown bears with cubs avoided concentrations of other bears. Resource managers may use this information to respond to brown bear conservation issues associated with increasing human populations and associated development in the establishment of road density standards, seasonal road closures, management of recreation sites, and vegetation management on the Kenai Peninsula. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Suring, LH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM lsuring@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1580 EP 1587 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1580:POLUBF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100011 ER PT J AU Converse, SJ White, GC Block, WM AF Converse, Sarah J. White, Gary C. Block, William M. TI Small mammal responses to thinning and wildfire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests of the southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; effective trapping area; fire surrogate; mark-recapture; model selection; Peromyscus; population density; small mammals; Tamias; thinning; weighted regression; wildfire ID AGED SHELTERWOOD SYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; MODEL SELECTION; POPULATION-SIZE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SURVIVAL; PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT AB As part of a national experiment, the Fire and Fire Surrogate Project, we evaluated the effects of forest thinning on small mammal population densities and total small mammal biomass in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-dominated forests at 2 study areas in northern Arizona and northern New Mexico, USA. We also evaluated the effects of wildfire on small mammal population densities and biomass after a wildfire burned a portion of one study area. Our statistical methods consisted of estimation of population densities in combined analyses across space and time, followed by a weighted regression analysis of treatment effects on densities. We hypothesized that habitat change postdisturbance would be the critical determinant of population responses to thinning and wildfire within 1 year of disturbances. Our results largely supported this hypothesis, as we documented predicted positive responses to thinning for deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), gray-collared chipmunks (Tamias cinereicollis), and least chipmunks (T. minimus). We also observed predicted positive responses to wildfire for deer mice, although our results did not support predicted negative responses to wildfire for least chipmunks. Total small mammal biomass generally increased following both thinning and wildfire. Our results suggest that fuel reduction treatments will have the largest positive impact on small mammal populations in areas where tree densities are especially high. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Converse, SJ (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM sconverse@usgs.gov OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 NR 70 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1722 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1711:SMRTTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100026 ER PT J AU Gantz, GF Stoddart, LC Knowlton, FF AF Gantz, Glen F. Stoddart, L. Charles Knowlton, Frederick F. TI Accuracy of aerial telemetry locations in mountainous terrain SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE accuracy; aerial telemetry; Bear River Mountains; location error; mountainous terrain; Utah ID GPS ACCURACY; LORAN-C; BIAS C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM knowlton@cc.usu.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1809 EP 1812 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1809:AOATLI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 136PH UT WOS:000244236100039 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM DeStefano, S Koenen, K Kaur, T AF Fayer, Ronald Santin, Monica Trout, James M. DeStefano, Stephen Koenen, Kiana Kaur, Taranjit TI Prevalence of microsporidia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. in beavers (Castor canadensis) in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE beaver; genotype; molecular; survey; waterborne; zoonotic ID FECAL SAMPLES; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MAMMALS; GENOTYPES; HUMANS; CYSTS; WATER; DUODENALIS; CANADA AB Feces from 62 beavers (Castor canadensis) in Massachusetts were examined by fluorescence microscopy (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Microsporidia species, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. between January 2002 and December 2004. PCR-positive specimens were further examined by gene sequencing. Protist parasites were detected in 6.4% of the beavers. All were subadults and kits. Microsporidia species were not detected. Giardia spp. was detected by IFA from four beavers; Cryptosporidium spp. was also detected by IFA from two of these beavers. However, gene sequence data for the ssrRNA gene from these two Cryptosporidium spp.-positive beavers were inconclusive in identifying the species. Nucleotide sequences of the TPI, ssrRNA, and P-giardin genes for Giardia spp. (deposited in GenBank) indicated that the four beavers were excreting Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B, the zoonotic genotype representing a potential source of waterborne Giardia spp. cysts. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01355 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1638/06-013.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 124KS UT WOS:000243367300007 PM 17315434 ER PT J AU Harrenstien, LA Finnegan, MV Woodford, NL Mansfield, KG Waters, WR Bannantine, JP Paustian, ML Garner, MM Bakke, AC Peloquin, CA Phillips, TM AF Harrenstien, Lisa A. Finnegan, Mitchell V. Woodford, Nina L. Mansfield, Kristin G. Waters, W. Ray Bannantine, John P. Paustian, Michael L. Garner, Michael M. Bakke, Antony C. Peloquin, Charles A. Phillips, Terry M. TI Mycobacterium avium in pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis): 28 cases SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Brachylagus idahoensis; cell-mediated immunity; mycobacteriosis; Mycobacterium avium complex; pygmy rabbit ID IMMUNOAFFINITY CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DENDROLAGUS-MATSCHIEI; EASTERN WASHINGTON; FASTING CONDITIONS; COMPLEX INFECTION; OSTEOMYELITIS; PARATUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; PHARMACOKINETICS AB The Columbia basin subpopulation of pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis was listed as endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in November 2001, and no pygmy rabbits have been seen in the wild since spring 2002. Captive propagation efforts have attempted to increase population size in preparation for reintroduction of animals into central Washington. Disseminated mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium has been the most common cause of death of adult captive pygmy rabbits. Between June 2002 and September 2004, mycobacteriosis was diagnosed in 28 captive adult pygmy rabbits (representing 29% of the captive population), in contrast to 18 adult pygmy rabbits dying of all other causes in the same time period. Antemortem and postmortem medical records were evaluated retrospectively to describe the clinical course of mycobacteriosis in pygmy rabbits, physical examination findings, and diagnostic test results in the diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in pygmy rabbits. Various treatment protocols, possible risk factors for mortality. and recommendations for prevention of mycobacteriosis were evaluated also. Compromised cell-mediated immunity appears to be the best explanation at this time for the observed high morbidity and mortality from mycobacterial infections in pygmy rabbits. C1 Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Off Campus Veterinarian, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NW ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Pathol & Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Pharm, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Harrenstien, LA (reprint author), Oregon Zoo, 4001 SW Canyon Rd, Portland, OR 97221 USA. OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 498 EP 512 DI 10.1638/05-002.1 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 124KS UT WOS:000243367300008 PM 17315435 ER PT J AU Dunbar, MR MacCarthy, KA AF Dunbar, Mike R. MacCarthy, Kathleen A. TI Use of infrared thermography to detect signs of rabies infection in raccoons (Procyon lotor) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE disease; infrared; Procyon lotor; rabies; raccoons; thermography; wildlife ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MANAGEMENT AB Infrared thermography was evaluated as a technique to determine if raccoons (Procyon lotor) experimentally infected with rabies virus could be differentiated from noninfected raccoons. Following a 10-day adjustment period, raccoons (n = 6) were infected with a virulent rabies street strain raccoon variant by injection into the masseter muscle at a dose of 2 X 101 tissue-culture infectious dose (TCID50) in 0.2 ml (n = 4) or 10(5) TCID50 in 1 ml (n = 2). Five of the six raccoons developed prodromal signs of rabies 17 to 22 days postinoculation (PI) and distinctive clinical signs of furious rabies between 19 and 24 days PI. At the time of euthanasia, which occurred 2 days after the onset of clinical signs of rabies, these five raccoons tested positive for rabies virus in brain tissue. Infrared thermal images of each raccoon were recorded twice daily during the premoculation and PI periods. No apparent differences were identified among thermal temperatures compared among days for the eye, average body surface, and body temperature recorded from subcutaneous implants throughout the experiment for any of the six raccoons. However, increases in infrared surface temperature of the noses and differences in the visual thermal images of the noses were detected when animals began showing clinical signs of rabies. Differences were detected among the mean infrared nose temperatures for the disease progression intervals (F-3.12 = 70.03, P < 0.0001). The mean nose temperature in the clinical rabies stage (30.4 +/- 3.5 degrees C) was significantly elevated over the prodromal stage (F-1.12 = 151.85, P < 0.0001). This experiment provides data indicating that infrared thermography can be used in an experimental setting to detect raccoons in the infectious stage and capable of exhibiting clinical signs of rabies. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Dunbar, MR (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1638/06-039.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 124KS UT WOS:000243367300010 PM 17315437 ER PT J AU Larson, DW Sweet, J Petersen, RR Crisafulli, CM AF Larson, Douglas W. Sweet, Jim Petersen, Richard R. Crisafulli, Charles M. TI Posteruption response of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in Spirit Lake, Mount St. Helens, Washington SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE volcano; Mount St. Helens; Spirit Lake; posteruption lake recovery; phytoplankton; zooplankton ID BLAST ZONE; ERUPTION; LEGIONELLA AB Spirit Lake, Washington was radically altered limnologically by the May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The eruption provided a rare opportunity to study lake response and recovery in the wake of volcanic disturbance. During the eruption, and for several months thereafter, phytoplankton and zooplankton populations were subjected to extremely deleterious conditions. Consequently, these populations were virtually eliminated except for remnant organisms that somehow survived. During the next two years, the phytoplankton community and presumably the zooplankton community were comprised of only a few opportunistic species whose combined abundance was low. By 1983, however, phytoplankton abundance and species diversity had greatly increased due to increased lake-water transparency and increased availability of inorganic nitrogen. The reestablishment of the zooplankton community was also well underway by 1983, as indicated by the abundance of some species and the presence of most taxa that existed prior to the May 1980 eruption. By 1986, the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were beginning to resemble those found in subalpine, oligotrophic/mesotrophic lakes in the Washington-Oregon Cascades. The rapid recovery of Spirit Lake demonstrated the vigor and resiliency of lake ecosystems and particularly plankton communities. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Resources, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Aquat Analysts, White Salmon, WA 98672 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Amboy, WA 98601 USA. RP Larson, DW (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Resources, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 273 EP 292 PG 20 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 127AC UT WOS:000243555900001 ER PT J AU de Graaf, DC Alippi, AM Brown, M Evans, JD Feldlaufer, M Gregorc, A Hornitzky, M Pernal, SF Schuch, DMT Titera, D Tomkies, V Ritter, W AF de Graaf, D. C. Alippi, A. M. Brown, M. Evans, J. D. Feldlaufer, M. Gregorc, A. Hornitzky, M. Pernal, S. F. Schuch, D. M. T. Titera, D. Tomkies, V. Ritter, W. TI Diagnosis of American foulbrood in honey bees: a synthesis and proposed analytical protocols SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apiculture; brood; diagnosis; disease; honey bee; pathogen; Paenibacillus larvae ID LARVAE SUBSP LARVAE; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; BACILLUS-LARVAE; APIS-MELLIFERA; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FOUL-BROOD; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; SPORES AB Worldwide, American foulbrood (AFB) is the most devastating bacterial disease of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Because the distinction between AFB and powdery scale disease is no longer considered valid, the pathogenic agent has recently been reclassified as one species Paenibacillus larvae, eliminating the subspecies designations Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae and Paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens. The creamy or dark brown, glue-like larval remains of infected larvae continue to provide the most obvious clinical symptom of AFB, although it is not conclusive. Several sensitive and selective culture media are available for isolation of this spore-forming bacterium, with the type of samples that may be utilized for detection of the organism being further expanded. PCR methods for identification and genotyping of the pathogen have now been extensively developed. Nevertheless, biochemical profiling, bacteriophage sensitivity, immunotechniques and microscopy of suspect bacterial strains are entirely adequate for routine identification purposes. C1 Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Nacl La Plata, CIC, CIDEFI, Fac Ciencias Agr & Forestales, La Plata, Argentina. Cent Sci Lab, York, N Yorkshire, England. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Agr Inst Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Elizabeth Macarthur Agr Inst, NSW Dept Primary Ind, Camden, NSW, Australia. Minist Agr, LANAGRO, RS, Beaverlodge, AB, Canada. Bee Res Inst, Dol, Czech Republic. Tierhyg Inst, Freiburg, Germany. RP de Graaf, DC (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM dirk.degraaf@ugent.be RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 56 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 583 EP 590 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02057.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 101XE UT WOS:000241773800001 PM 17083701 ER PT J AU Tian, P Bates, AH Jensen, HM Mandrell, RE AF Tian, P. Bates, A. H. Jensen, H. M. Mandrell, R. E. TI Norovirus binds to blood group A-like antigens in oyster gastrointestinal cells SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; gastrointestinal; histo-blood group antigen; norovirus; oyster; type A ID NORWALK VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS; ACCUMULATION; OUTBREAK; TISSUES; ABO; PCR AB Aims: To determine if histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) present in oyster gastrointestinal (GI) cells mediate accumulation of human noroviruses (NoV) in oyster GI cells. Methods and Results: HBGA-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to determine the presence of the corresponding HBGA in oyster GI cells. All oyster samples tested contained type A-like HBGA in GI tissue as measured by ELISA. Recombinant Norwalk virus viral like particles (rNVLP) were bound to plates coated with oyster GI homogenate. The binding was inhibited when rNVLPs were pre-incubated with MAbs specific for type A HBGA, or samples of human saliva from type A individuals. Co-localization of rNVLP and type A-like HBGA, but not type B-like or type H-like HBGA, on GI epithelial cells was observed by immunofluorescent histochemical staining and three-channel confocal scanning laser microscopy. Conclusion: Type A-like HBGA is present in oyster GI cells and responsible for binding of rNVLP. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report of the presence of type A-like HBGA in oyster GI cells and the specific binding of rNVLP to type A-like HBGA on oyster GI cells. The results of this study suggest that human NoV concentrate in oyster GI cells by specific binding to concentrated type A-like HBGA rather than by a nonmolecular entrapment within the tissues. C1 USDA, ARS, WRRC, PSMU, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), USDA, ARS, WRRC, PSMU, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ptian@pw.usda.gov NR 18 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 645 EP 651 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02010.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 101XE UT WOS:000241773800011 PM 17083711 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA Mader, TL Morrow, JL Dailey, JW AF Brown-Brandl, T. M. Nienaber, J. A. Eigenberg, R. A. Mader, T. L. Morrow, J. L. Dailey, J. W. TI Comparison of heat tolerance of feedlot heifers of different breeds SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feedlot cattle; heat stress; respiration rate; panting score; color ID CATTLE AB Heat stress in cattle causes decreases in feed intake and feed efficiency; in extreme cases, it can cause death. These losses amount to millions of dollars each year. A study was designed to determine severity of heat stress among four breeds of cattle. Throughout two summers, 256 feedlot heifers of four different breeds were observed. Respiration rates, panting scores, and surface temperatures were taken twice each day on 10 animals/breed for several weeks during the summers of 2002 and 2003. Twenty-four-hour behavior measurements were recorded for four heat-stress and four thermoneutral days. Results showed during the afternoon, Angus cattle (black) had the highest respiration rates, panting scores, and surface temperatures, followed by the MARC III (dark red), Gelbvieh (tan), and Charolais (white). Behavior data showed that heat stress increased drinking and standing behavior, and decreased eating, lying, and agonistic behaviors, and that dark-hided cattle adjusted their behavior more than light-hided cattle. Overall, it was found that breed of cattle with dark-hides were more affected by temperature changes and at peak temperatures than breeds of cattle with light-hides. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, Concord, NE 68728 USA. Texas Tech Univ, USDA ARS, SPA, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM brandl@email.marc.usda.gov RI UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013 NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 105 IS 1-3 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.04.012 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 112YS UT WOS:000242564700003 ER PT J AU Akers, RM Capuco, AV Keys, JE AF Akers, R. M. Capuco, A. V. Keys, J. E. TI Mammary histology and alveolar cell differentiation during late gestation and early lactation in mammary tissue of beef and dairy heifers SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mammary gland; breed; udder; differentiation; gestation; mammary histology ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MILK-PRODUCTION; GLAND; PROLACTIN; GROWTH; COWS AB Quantitative histology of mammary parenchymal tissue from 16 Hereford and 16 Holstein heifers was determined for tissue obtained on day 150, 180, and 280 of gestation and on day 49 of lactation. Percent area occupied by stromal tissue was progressively decreased on each consecutive sample day during gestation in Herefords and was lower in both breeds during lactation. Overall, area occupied by stromal tissue elements was also greater in Herefords. Percent lumenal space and number of cells per alveolar cross section was consistently greater for Holsteins and increased across sample periods in both breeds. During lactation more than 40% of the alveolar cells in Herefords were characterized as poorly differentiated, but in Holstein heifers nearly all of the cells were classified as either intermediate or fully differentiated. These data provide additional evidence to support the idea that much of the difference in milk production between beef and dairy animals depends on increased mammary function. Whether differences in milk production within dairy breeds are also explained by altered cellular differentiation remains to be determined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Akers, RM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rma@vt.edu NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 105 IS 1-3 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.04.026 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 112YS UT WOS:000242564700006 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA AF Brown-Brandl, T. M. Eigenberg, R. A. Nienaber, J. A. TI Heat stress risk factors of feedlot heifers SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feedlot cattle; heat stress; respiration rate; pneumonia; color ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; FEEDER CATTLE; CALVES AB Heat stress in cattle results in millions of dollars in lost revenue each year due to production losses, and in extreme cases, death. Death losses are more likely to result from animals vulnerable to heat stress. A study was conducted to determine risk factors for heat stress in feedlot heifers. Over two consecutive summers, a total of 256 feedlot heifers (32/breed/year) of four breeds were observed. As a measure of stress, respiration rates and panting scores were taken twice daily (morning and afternoon) on a random sample of 10 heifers/breed. Weights, condition scores, and temperament scores were taken on 28-day intervals during the experiment. Health history from birth to slaughter was available for every animal used in this study. It was found that at temperatures above 25 degrees C, dark-hided animals were 25% more stressed than light-colored; a history of respiratory pneumonia increased stress level by 10.5%; each level of fatness increased stress level by approximately 10%; and excitable animals had a 3.2% higher stress level than calm animals. Not only did the stress level increase with these risk factors, but average daily gain was reduced. The Charolais cattle gained significantly more than all other breeds of cattle tested. Calm cattle gained 5% more than excitable cattle. Finally, cattle treated for pneumonia gained approximately 8% slower than non-treated cattle. The results of this study have not only revealed heat stress risk factors of breed (color), condition score (fatness), temperament, and health history (treated or not treated for pneumonia), but have also shown the effectiveness of using respiration rate as an indicator of heat stress. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM brandl@email.marc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 105 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.04.025 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 112YS UT WOS:000242564700008 ER PT J AU Matsunaga, J Werneid, K Zuerner, RL Frank, A Haake, DA AF Matsunaga, James Werneid, Kristian Zuerner, Richard L. Frank, Ami Haake, David A. TI LipL46 is a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein expressed during leptospiral dissemination in the mammalian host SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; INTERROGANS; INFECTION; PREDICTION; BACTERIA; GROWTH; OMPL1 AB Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by invasive spirochaetes belonging to the genus Leptospira. Pathogenic leptospires disseminate via the bloodstream to colonize the renal tubules of reservoir hosts. Little is known about leptospiral outer-membrane proteins expressed during the dissemination stage of infection. In this study, a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein is described; it has been designated LipL46 to distinguish it from a previously described 31 kDa peripheral membrane protein, P31 (LipL45), which is exported as a 45 kDa probable lipoprotein. The lipL46 gene encodes a 412 aa polypeptide with a 21 aa signal peptide. Lipid modification of cysteine at the lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site FSISC is supported by the finding that Leptospira interrogans intrinsically labels LipL46 during incubation in medium containing [C-14]palmitate. LipL46 appears to be exported to the leptospiral outer membrane as a 46 kDa lipoprotein, based on Triton X-114 solubilization and phase partitioning studies, which included the outer and inner membrane controls LipL32 and LipL31, respectively. Surface immunoprecipitation and whole-cell ELISA experiments indicate that LipL46 is exposed on the leptospiral surface. Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated expression of LipL46 by leptospires found in the bloodstream of acutely infected hamsters. Leptospires expressing LipL46 were also found in the intercellular spaces of the liver, within splenic phagocytes, and invading the glomerular hilum of the kidney. Infection-associated expression is supported by the finding that LipL46 is a major antigen recognized by sera from infected hamsters. These findings indicate that LipL46 may be important in leptospiral dissemination, and that it may serve as a useful serodiagnostic antigen. C1 Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Haake, DA (reprint author), Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, 111F, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. EM dhaake@ucla.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI034431, R01 AI034431-09, R29 AI034431, AI-34431, R01 AI034431] NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD DEC PY 2006 VL 152 BP 3777 EP 3786 DI 10.1099/mic.0.29163-0 PN 12 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 122DL UT WOS:000243205800031 PM 17159228 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Keyes, MK Horrocks, P AF Choi, Sang-Woon Keyes, Mary K. Horrocks, Paul TI LC/ESI-MS demonstrates the absence of 5-methyl-2 '-deoxycytosine in Plasmodium falciparum genomic DNA SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; epigenetics; mass spectrometry; DNA methylation ID ANTIGENIC VARIATION; MALARIA; ACETYLATION; EXPRESSION C1 Univ Keele, Inst Sci & Technol Med, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Horrocks, P (reprint author), Univ Keele, Inst Sci & Technol Med, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. EM p.d.horrocks@keele.ac.uk RI Horrocks, Paul/C-2615-2009 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2 BP 350 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.07.003 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 111TF UT WOS:000242476900024 PM 16934885 ER PT J AU Dearth, RK Cui, XJ Kim, HJ Kuiatse, I Lawrence, NA Zhang, XM Divisova, J Britton, OL Mohsin, S Allred, DC Hadsell, DL Lee, AV AF Dearth, Robert K. Cui, Xiaojiang Kim, Hyun-Jung Kuiatse, Isere Lawrence, Nicole A. Zhang, Xiaomei Divisova, Jana Britton, Ora L. Mohsin, Syed Allred, D. Craig Hadsell, Darryl L. Lee, Adrian V. TI Mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis caused by overexpression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) or IRS-2 SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE-1; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; FACTOR-I-RECEPTOR; LARGE T-ANTIGEN; BETA-CATENIN; TRANSGENIC MICE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; TRANSFORMING ACTIVITY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PROGENITOR CELLS AB Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are signaling adaptors that play a major role in the metabolic and mitogenic actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factors. Reports have recently noted increased levels, or activity, of IRSs in many human cancers, and some have linked this to poor patient prognosis. We found that overexpressed IRS-1 was constitutively phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo and that transgenic mice overexpressing IRS-1 or IRS-2 in the mammary gland showed progressive mammary hyperplasia, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Tumors showed extensive squamous differentiation, a phenotype commonly seen with activation of the canonical beta-catenin signaling pathway. Consistent with this, IRSs were found to bind beta-catenin in vitro and in vivo. IRS-induced tumorigenesis is unique, given that the IRSs are signaling adaptors with no intrinsic kinase activity, and this supports a growing literature indicating a role for IRSs in cancer. This study defines IRSs as oncogene proteins in vivo and provides new models to develop inhibitors against IRSs for anticancer therapy. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Methodist Hosp, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Methodist Hosp, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Methodist Hosp, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lee, AV (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza MS 600,Room N1110, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM avlee@breastcenter.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA90221, P01 CA030195, T32 CA090221, R01CA94118, R01 CA094118, P01CA30195]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK52197, DK07696, T32 DK007696, R01 DK052197] NR 58 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 24 BP 9302 EP 9314 DI 10.1128/MCB.00260-06 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 117FV UT WOS:000242859200014 PM 17030631 ER PT J AU Lee, J Cooper, B AF Lee, Joohyun Cooper, Bret TI Alternative workflows for plant proteomic analysis SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; COLD STRESS; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION AB High-throughput separations are intrinsic to the detection and analysis of peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). Together, efficient separation and MS can lead to the identification of thousands of proteins in a sample, cell or tissue and help build proteome maps that can be used to define a cell type or cellular state. Although 2D gels have been successfully used to separate proteins for subsequent MS analysis, alternative separation efficiencies and, consequently deeper results could be obtained with HPLC or other separation techniques that improve throughput. This highlight is aimed toward plant scientists who have special separation needs due to the nature of plant cells and who could benefit from knowing options and requirements for adopting alternative separation protocols. Through the various sample processing and protein separation strategies, plant biologists should be able to improve the quality of their proteomic reference maps and gain new information about the proteins that define plant cells. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006 Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cooperb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 86 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 12 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.1039/b612326k PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 115IB UT WOS:000242726900007 PM 17216043 ER PT J AU Takahashi, Y Lavigne, JA Hursting, SD Chandramouli, GVR Perkins, SN Kim, YS Wang, TTY AF Takahashi, Yoko Lavigne, Jackie A. Hursting, Stephen D. Chandramouli, Gadisetti V. R. Perkins, Susan N. Kim, Young S. Wang, Thomas T. Y. TI Molecular signatures of soy-derived phytochemicals in androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells: A comparison study using DNA microarray SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE equol; isoflavone; microarray; prostate cancer; prevention ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MCF-7 CELLS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; JAPANESE MEN; IN-VITRO; GENISTEIN; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; KINASE; CYCLE AB The present study utilized microarray technology as a tool to elucidate the molecular signatures of soy-derived phytochemicals in the human androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Global gene expression pattern analysis of LNCaP cells exposed to 0, 1, 5, or 25 mu M of the soy-derived phytochemicals equol and daidzein were conducted and compared. The data were further compared with previously generated data from exposure of LNCaP cells to the same doses of genistein, a soy isoflavone. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses of the expression patterns suggest that these compounds exerted differential effects on gene expression in LNCaP cells. Further examination of specific gene changes revealed that these compounds differentially modulated genes in multiple cellular pathways, including the cell-cycle pathway genes. However, the three compounds also exerted similar effect on genes belonging to several other important cellular pathways. A universal effect of the three compounds on androgen-responsive genes, IGF-1 pathway gene, and MAP kinase-related pathway gene was observed. These results provide the foundation for establishing molecular signatures for equol, daidzein, and genistein. Moreover, these results also allow for the identification of candidate mechanism(s) by which soy phytochemicals and soy may act in prostate cancer cells. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Phtonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Phtonutr Lab, Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 45 IS 12 BP 943 EP 956 DI 10.1002/mc.20247 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 114GE UT WOS:000242653900005 PM 16865672 ER PT J AU Neville, HM Isaak, DJ Dunham, JB Thurow, RF Rieman, BE AF Neville, H. M. Isaak, D. J. Dunham, J. B. Thurow, R. F. Rieman, B. E. TI Fine-scale natal homing and localized movement as shaped by sex and spawning habitat in Chinook salmon: insights from spatial autocorrelation analysis of individual genotypes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; dispersal; fine-scale genetic structure; movement; natal homing; spatial autocorrelation ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MALE SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; BIASED DISPERSAL; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; STRAYING PATTERNS AB Natal homing is a hallmark of the life history of salmonid fishes, but the spatial scale of homing within local, naturally reproducing salmon populations is still poorly understood. Accurate homing (paired with restricted movement) should lead to the existence of fine-scale genetic structuring due to the spatial clustering of related individuals on spawning grounds. Thus, we explored the spatial resolution of natal homing using genetic associations among individual Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an interconnected stream network. We also investigated the relationship between genetic patterns and two factors hypothesized to influence natal homing and localized movements at finer scales in this species, localized patterns in the distribution of spawning gravels and sex. Spatial autocorrelation analyses showed that spawning locations in both sub-basins of our study site were spatially clumped, but the upper sub-basin generally had a larger spatial extent and continuity of redd locations than the lower sub-basin, where the distribution of redds and associated habitat conditions were more patchy. Male genotypes were not autocorrelated at any spatial scale in either sub-basin. Female genotypes showed significant spatial autocorrelation and genetic patterns for females varied in the direction predicted between the two sub-basins, with much stronger autocorrelation in the sub-basin with less continuity in spawning gravels. The patterns observed here support predictions about differential constraints and breeding tactics between the two sexes and the potential for fine-scale habitat structure to influence the precision of natal homing and localized movements of individual Chinook salmon on their breeding grounds. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Neville, HM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hneville@unr.nevada.edu RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 86 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 14 BP 4589 EP 4602 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03082.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 105OZ UT WOS:000242042800021 PM 17107485 ER PT J AU DeWoody, JA Nason, JD Hipkins, VD AF DeWoody, Jennifer Andrew Nason, John D. Hipkins, Valerie D. TI Mitigating scoring errors in microsatellite data from wild populations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Review DE microsatellite; population genetics; scoring errors; SSR ID NONTEMPLATED NUCLEOTIDE ADDITION; GENOTYPING ERRORS; HETEROZYGOTE DEFICIENCY; ALLELE FREQUENCY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DNA-POLYMERASE; NULL ALLELES; IDENTIFICATION; LIKELIHOOD; EXCLUSION AB Microsatellite data are widely used to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses in wild populations. In this paper, we consider three typical sources of scoring errors capable of biasing biological conclusions: stuttering, large-allele dropout and null alleles. We describe methods to detect errors and propose conventions to mitigate scoring errors and report error rates in studies of wild populations. Finally, we discuss potential bias in ecological or evolutionary conclusions based on data sets containing these scoring errors. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Natl Forest Genet Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP DeWoody, JA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Natl Forest Genet Lab, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM jdewoody@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01449.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 107TG UT WOS:000242193300001 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF Pepper, AE Manhart, JR AF Gaskin, John F. Pepper, Alan E. Manhart, James R. TI Isolation and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellites in saltcedars (Tamarix chinensis and Tamarix ramosissima) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE invasive; saltcedar; Tamaricaceae; Tamarix; weed AB Tamarix ramosissima and Tamarix chinensis are invasive weed species in western North America. Previous studies based on single locus DNA sequence data revealed some information about the invasion process, but multilocus markers can provide additional information about levels of introgression and genotype origins. We have developed primers that amplify 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci from T. ramosissima; these primer pairs also successfully amplify polymorphic microsatellites from the closely related T. chinensis, a species that forms hybrids with T. ramosissima in the western USA. C1 USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jgaskin@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1147 EP 1149 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01466.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 107TG UT WOS:000242193300057 ER PT J AU Renshaw, MA Patton, JC Rexroad, CE Gold, JR AF Renshaw, Mark A. Patton, John C. Rexroad, Caird E., III Gold, John R. TI PCR primers for trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellites in greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE genomic library; greater amberjack; microsatellites; Seriola dumerili AB Eighteen nuclear-encoded microsatellites from a genomic DNA library of greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, were isolated and characterized. The microsatellites include 13 perfect (five tetranucleotide and eight trinucleotide) and five imperfect (three tetranucleotide, one trinucleotide and one combination dinucleotide/trinucleotide) repeat motifs. The number of alleles at the 18 microsatellites among a sample of 29 fish ranged from two to 20; gene diversity (expected heterozygosity) ranged from 0.068 to 0.950, whereas observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.069 to 0.966. Following Bonferroni correction, genotypes at all 18 microsatellites fit expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and all pairwise comparisons of microsatellites did not deviate significantly from genotypic equilibrium. Greater amberjack support commercial and recreational fisheries along both the Atlantic and the Gulf coasts of the USA and represent a species with potential for worldwide aquaculture. The microsatellites developed will be useful for population genetic studies of 'wild' populations and breeding studies of domesticated populations. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosyst & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Coal & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Renshaw, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosyst & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mrenshaw@ag.tamu.edu NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1162 EP 1164 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01474.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 107TG UT WOS:000242193300063 ER PT J AU Echt, CS Deemer, D Kubisiak, T Nelson, CD AF Echt, C. S. Deemer, D. Kubisiak, T. Nelson, C. D. TI Microsatellites for Lindera species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE endangered species; pondberry; spicebush AB Microsatellite markers were developed for conservation genetic studies of Lindera melissifolia (pondberry), a federally endangered shrub of southern bottomland ecosystems. Microsatellite sequences were obtained from DNA libraries that were enriched for the (AC)(n) simple sequence repeat motif. From 35 clone sequences, 20 primer pairs were designed and evaluated. Eleven primer pairs amplified polymorphic marker loci in pondberry while two did so in Lindera benzoin (spicebush). In 46 samples from a single pondberry site the number of microsatellite alleles ranged from two to 11 per locus with observed heterozygosity values of 0.07-0.91. C1 US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Mississippi State, MS 39574 USA. RP Echt, CS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Highway 67,Saucier, Mississippi State, MS 39574 USA. EM cecht@fs.fed.us RI Echt, Craig/H-4684-2012 OI Echt, Craig/0000-0001-9330-4051 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1171 EP 1173 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01479.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 107TG UT WOS:000242193300066 ER PT J AU Li, SJ Myung, K Guse, D Donkin, B Proctor, RH Grayburn, WS Calvo, AM AF Li, Shaojie Myung, Kyung Guse, Diana Donkin, Brett Proctor, Robert H. Grayburn, W. Scott Calvo, Ana M. TI FvVE1 regulates filamentous growth, the ratio of microconidia to macroconidia and cell wall formation in Fusarium verticillioides SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; MICROCYCLE CONIDIATION; ASEXUAL SPORULATION; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; CHITIN SYNTHESIS; GENE AB The velvet gene, veA, co-ordinates asexual and sexual development in the homothallic fungal species Aspergillus nidulans. Studies in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus fumigatus demonstrated that veA also regulates morphological differentiation in these species. Whether veA has the same role in morphogenesis in other fungal genera has not been investigated. In this work, we studied the role of the veA homologue, FvVE1, in the heterothallic fungus Fusarium verticillioides. Deletion of FvVE1 suppressed aerial hyphal growth and reduced colony surface hydrophobicity on solid media. In submerged cultures, FvVE1 deletion caused alterations in hyphal polarity, marked activation of conidiation and yeast-like growth. The latter was promoted by shaking to increase aeration of cultures. In addition, FvVE1 deletion markedly increased the ratio of macroconidia to microconidia. Supplementation of osmotic stabilizers restored the wild-type phenotype to deletion mutants, suggesting phenotypic alterations caused by FvVE1 deletion are related to cell wall defects. This is consistent with the hypersensitivity of FvVE1 deletion mutants to SDS and with the significant reduction in the mannoprotein content of mutants compared with the wild-type strain. However, no dramatic cell wall alterations were observed when mutants were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Our data strongly suggest that FvVE1 is important for cell wall integrity, cell surface hydrophobicity, hyphal polarity and conidiation pattern. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Calvo, AM (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM amcalvo@niu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM074267-01A1] NR 67 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-382X EI 1365-2958 J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1418 EP 1432 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05447.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 102RW UT WOS:000241832000016 PM 17054442 ER PT J AU Blomberg, LA Garrett, WM Guillomot, M Miles, JR Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Zuelke, KA AF Blomberg, Le Ann Garrett, Wesley M. Guillomot, Michel Miles, Jeremy R. Sonstegard, Tad S. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Zuelke, Kurt A. TI Transcriptome profiling of the tubular porcine conceptus identifies the differential regulation of growth and developmentally associated genes SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE peri-implantation; elongation; gastrulation; transcriptome; tubular conceptus ID AMPLIFIED RNA-SAGE; SERIAL ANALYSIS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; BOVINE EMBRYOS; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; ESTROGEN; MIDKINE; PIG; GASTRULATION AB Gastrulation and trophectoderm elongation of the porcine conceptus coincide with peak conceptus estrogen secretion from gestational day 11 to day 12. The current study aim was to identify genes required for elongation by defining the transcriptome profile of this dynamic tubular stage. The gastrulation and proliferative status of ovoid, tubular, and filamentous conceptuses were also examined. Polarization of the embryonic disc and growth throughout the conceptus were evident. An unamplified and two distinct amplified serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) libraries were generated from tubular conceptus mRNA. Comparing the three libraries at 12,000 tags/library indicated small-amplified RNA-SAGE was a reliable amplification procedure. The unamplified library was increased to 42,415 tags and statistical analyses of tag frequencies with previously generated ovoid and filamentous libraries revealed the differential expression (P < 0.05) of 483 and 364 tags between ovoid:tubular or tubular:filamentous libraries, respectively. Annotated transcripts known to be involved in development and also potentially regulated by estrogen (cytokeratins 8 and 18, stratifin, midkine, and glycolytic enzymes) were further analyzed by real-time PCR. The majority of glycolytic enzyme transcripts were constitutively expressed or downregulated at the filamentous stage. Likewise, cytokeratin mRNAs were less abundant in filamentous conceptuses, whereas stratifin and midkine were more abundant in tubular conceptuses. Analysis of protein revealed distinct expression patterns for cytokeratin 18, stratifin, and midkine. The function(s) of these factors and potential modulation by estrogen clearly needs to be elucidated to understand their physiological role in normal conceptus development. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INRA, JMR Biol Dev & Reprod, Jouy En Josas, France. RP Blomberg, LA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 101A,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lblomberg@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Miles, Jeremy/A-7572-2009; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1491 EP 1502 DI 10.1002/mrd.20503 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 097CC UT WOS:000241422900002 ER PT J AU Farr, DF Aime, MC Rossman, AY Palm, ME AF Farr, David F. Aime, M. Catherine Rossman, Amy Y. Palm, Mary E. TI Species of Colletotrichum on Agavaceae SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anthracnose; molecular phylogeny; plant pathology; taxonomy ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; ENDOPHYTES; ACUTATUM; ANTHRACNOSE; STRAWBERRY; DIVERSITY; PATHOGENS; PRIMERS; HOSTS AB Species of Colletotrichum cause diseases on a wide range of hosts, frequently infecting plants in the Agavaceae (monocotyledons: Liliales). Three species of Colletotrichum restricted to the Agavaceae were detected through morphological studies of specimens and molecular sequence analyses of the LSU of the nu-rDNA and the ITS region of the nu-rDNA from cultures. Colletotrichum agaves on Agave is fully described and illustrated. Colletotrichum dracaenophilum is described as a new species for isolates having long conidia and occurring on Dracaena sanderiana from China. Colletotrichum phormii and Glomerella phormii are determined to be the correct scientific names for the asexual and sexual states, respectively, of a species commonly referred to as C. rhodocyclum and G. phacidiomorpha occurring mainly on Phormium. In addition, C. gloeosporioides and C. boninense were isolated from plants in the Agavaceae. All species of Colletotrichum described on Agavaceae were evaluated based on type specimens. A key to the five species of Colletotrichum on Agavaceae is included. This paper includes one new species, Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, and three new combinations, Colletotrichum phormii, Glomerella phormii, and Phaeosphaeriopsis phacidiomorpha. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arossman@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 63 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 110 BP 1395 EP 1408 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.09.001 PN 12 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 124FU UT WOS:000243353900005 PM 17137776 ER PT J AU Henkel, TW Aime, MC Mehl, H Miller, SL AF Henkel, Terry W. Aime, M. Catherine Mehl, Heather Miller, Steven L. TI Cantharellus pleurotoides, a new and unusual basidiomycete from Guyana SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE basidiomycota; cantharellales; dicymbe; homobasidiomycetes ID GENUS CANTHARELLUS; RUSSULACEAE; SYSTEMATICS; INVENTORY; RDNA AB Cantharellus pleurotoides sp. nov. (Cantharellaceae, Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) is described from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana, occurring in rainforests dominated by ectomycorrhizal Dicymbe spp. (Caesalpiniaceae). This fungus is singular among Cantharellus species described worldwide in possessing a pleurotoid basidioma. Macromorphological, micromorphological, and habitat data are provided for the new species. (c) 2006 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Henkel, TW (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM twh5@humboldt.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 110 BP 1409 EP 1412 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.09.010 PN 12 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 124FU UT WOS:000243353900006 PM 17123813 ER PT J AU Dunham, SM O'Dell, TE Molina, R AF Dunham, Susie M. O'Dell, Thomas E. Molina, Randy TI Forest stand age and the occurrence of chanterelle (Cantharellus) species in Oregon's central Cascade Mountains SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cantharellus formosus; Cantharellus subalbidus; Cantharellus cascadensis; habitat; Pacific Northwest ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; PACIFIC GOLDEN CHANTERELLE; OLD-GROWTH; PINUS-MURICATA; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; WESTERN MONTANA; BOREAL FORESTS; FIR STANDS; NORTHWEST; YOUNG AB We describe watershed-scale habitat associations of three Cantharellus species with respect to stand age. During the 1998 autumn fruiting season we collected chanterelle sporocarps from 18 forest stands in and adjacent to the H.J. Andrews experimental forest in the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Sampled stands represented two age categories: old growth (similar to 350+ y) and 40-60-y-old second growth naturally regenerated from clear-cut harvest. Old growth and second growth stands were spatially paired to reduce the chance of spurious habitat relationships caused by unmeasured correlated variables. We found stand age to be a good predictor of the distribution of C. subalbidus and C. formosus, but only marginally useful for predicting the occurrence of C. cascadensis. The odds that a randomly located chanterelle sporocarp will be C. subalbidus, compared to other chanterelles, are 3-23.5 times higher in old growth than in second growth. Alternatively, there is only a 4-38% chance that a randomly located sporocarp will be C. formosus in old growth. C. cascadensis was found to be uncommon throughout the study area and showed no significant habitat associations. The abundance of C. cascadensis increased substantially with decreasing elevation indicating that landscape features other than stand age may be more useful in predicting its occurrence. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDI Natl Pk Serv, No Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Moab, UT 84532 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Dunham, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susie.dunham@oregonstate.edu NR 68 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 110 BP 1433 EP 1440 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.09.007 PN 12 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 124FU UT WOS:000243353900009 PM 17123812 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, JN Kitner, MLC AF Pinkerton, J. N. Kitner, M. L. C. TI Effects of biologically-derived products on mobility and reproduction of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, on strawberry SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE fenamiphos; nematicide; phytochemicals; plant-parasitic nematodes; organophosphate ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; ESSENTIAL OILS; KNOT NEMATODE; CULTIVARS; RASPBERRY; EFFICACY; THYMOL; WILT AB Seven biological products reported to have nematicidal activity were evaluated for suppression of Pratylenchus penetrans mobility in vitro and reproduction on 'Totem' strawberry plants. Mobility of nematodes was evaluated in vitro by exposing nematodes to a range of concentrations of products in aqueous solutions for 24, 48, and 72 h, followed by rinsing and incubating the nematodes for 24 h in deionized water. Nematodes exposed to deionized water or the organophosphate nematicide fenamiphos served as controls. During 72 h exposure in 70 mu l/L a.i. solution of fenamiphos, > 75% of nematodes were immobilized and 58% did not recover mobility in subsequent water incubation. Ninety percent of nematodes were immobilized during exposure to 1380 mg/L DiTera for 72 h, and 35% remained immobile after subsequent 24 h incubation in water. NatureCur, SLS-CA (Sodium lauryl sulfate-citric acid), and formulations of 3.5% thymol (Dominator and Promax) immobilized 45 to 70% of the nematodes, but mobility was restored by subsequent incubation in water. Sincocin, castor oil, and LCF (liquid compost factor) showed no activity. In greenhouse experiments, diluted products were applied as soil drenches at two or four week intervals, starting when strawberries were planted in soil infested with 1 P. penetrans/g soil, or four weeks after planting. Plant growth and nematode population densities were evaluated 16 and 20 weeks after planting in separate experiments. Applications that started at planting were more effective than those started four weeks after planting once nematodes had entered the roots. DiTera at 1380 mg/L and SLS-CA at 2857 mu l/L applied at planting provided significant nematode suppression. However, SLS-CA stunted plant growth. No biological product was as effective as fenamiphos. Data suggest that multiple applications synchronized with host and nematode biology will be necessary to maintain efficacious concentrations of these biological products in agricultural soils. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Pinkerton, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM pinkertj@science.oregonstate.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 181 EP 196 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 132NM UT WOS:000243949500004 ER PT J AU McSorley, R Wang, KH Kokalis-Burelle, N Church, G AF McSorley, R. Wang, K. -H. Kokalis-Burelle, N. Church, G. TI Effects of soil type and steam on nematode biological control potential of the rhizosphere community SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE enchytraeids; Meloidogyne incognita; microarthropods; nematode-antagonistic fungi; Pasteuria; predatory nematodes; rhizobacteria; rhizosphere fungi; root-knot nematodes ID FLUORESCENT SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION; CROTALARIA-JUNCEA AMENDMENT; TRAPPING FUNGI; ROOT-KNOT; PASTEURIA-PENETRANS; PLANT-GROWTH; FOREST SOIL; MANAGEMENT; MICROORGANISMS; COLONIZATION AB The potential of the rhizosphere community of a sand and a muck soil to provide biological control of Meloidogyne incognita on pepper was evaluated in two greenhouse experiments. Steamed or non-steamed soil of each type was placed into pots, planted with pepper (Capsicum annuum) seedlings, and inoculated with 2000 eggs of M. incognita. A soil type x steam treatment interaction occurred, with root-knot nematodes suppressed in untreated sand, but not in steamed sand and not in any (steamed or untreated) muck soil. A variety of organisms were monitored in both soils including free-living nematodes (bacterivores, fungivores, omnivores, and predators), enchytraeids, Collembola, mites, nematode-trapping fungi, egg-parasitic fungi, Pasteuria spp., rhizosphere fungi including Fusarium and Rhizoctonia, and a variety of rhizosphere bacteria including Gram positive bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, and siderophore producers. Determining relative importance of various organisms in biocontrol can be difficult if many different organisms are contributing together to the process. Most of these organisms did not show population patterns consistent with the biological suppression of root-knot nematodes observed in the non-steamed sand. For example, Pasteuria and other Gram positive bacteria were more abundant in soils that had been steamed; however, more inoculated root-knot nematodes survived in steamed soils as well. Population trends of predatory nematodes were most consistent with the suppression of root-knot nematodes observed in untreated sand. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Vernon Agr Res & Extens Ctr, S Vernon, TX 76384 USA. RP McSorley, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mcsorley@ufl.edu NR 53 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 197 EP 214 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 132NM UT WOS:000243949500005 ER PT J AU Welsh, CS Garrick, DJ Enns, RM Nicoll, GB AF Welsh, C. S. Garrick, D. J. Enns, R. M. Nicoll, G. B. TI Threshold model analysis of lamb survivability in Romney sheep SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lamb survival; sheep; estimated breeding values; heritability; threshold model ID NEONATAL BEHAVIOR; REARING ABILITY; SIRE EVALUATION; HILL COUNTRY; METHOD-R; MORTALITY; BREED; SIZE AB Lamb survivability is a major determinant of the reproductive efficiency of the flock. The objective of this study was to estimate variance components for direct, maternal, and permanent environmental components of lamb survivability. Threshold model procedures were used to estimate variance components from 25362 lamb survival observations representing 136 sires from two Romney flocks in New Zealand with an average lamb survival of 80.8%. Lambs were born between 1997 and 2000. Fixed effects fitted in the model included sex and contemporary group, defined as the interaction of age of dam, flock, and birth date class. Median heritabilities were 0.106 +/- 0.010 for direct, 0.082 +/- 0.005 for maternal, and a median proportion of phenotypic variation 0.098 +/- 0.003 for permanent environmental effects. The direct-maternal correlation was -0.75 +/- 0.03. Estimated breeding values on the underlying scale were back-transformed to the phenotypic probability scale. For direct lamb survivability, the highest performing sire's lambs had a 14.8% greater chance of survival than the lowest performing sire's lambs for flocks with an average lamb survivability of 80%. Although heritabilities for both components of lamb survivability are low, selection for this trait can be accomplished and is of economic importance for the sheep breeder. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. Landcorp Farming Ltd, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand. RP Welsh, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM carrie.welsh@ars.usda.gov OI Garrick, Dorian/0000-0001-8640-5372 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU RSNZ PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 598, WELLINGTON, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8233 J9 NEW ZEAL J AGR RES JI N. Z. J. Agric. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 411 EP 418 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 132MV UT WOS:000243947800007 ER PT J AU Strong, TF Hubbell, AE Weise, AH Erdmann, GG AF Strong, Terry F. Hubbell, Audra E. Weise, Adam H. Erdmann, Gayne G. TI Effects of crown release on growth and quality of even-aged red maple stands SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE crown release; tree quality; defects; red maple AB The effects of six crown-release treatments on growth and bole quality of 54 dominant, codominant, and intermediate red maples (Acer rubrum L.) were examined in an even-aged stand in upper Michigan. Treatments included an unreleased control, a single-tree and a two-tree crown release, and a full crown-to-crown release of 5, 10, and 15 ft. Twenty-two years after treatment, all trees showed a decrease in number of defects. Trees released to 15 ft lost twice as many defects as unreleased trees. Codominants and intermediates lost twice as many defects as dominants. Overgrown knots were the most common defects and showed the greatest decrease over time. The number of epicormic branches also declined; dominants had no epicormic branches after 22 years. Growth was greater for all released trees than for unreleased trees. Twice as much growth occurred in the 15 ft treatment as in the control, but this result was not significantly greater than those of the 5- or 10 ft crown release treatments. Dominant trees grew significantly more than the intermediate trees. Twenty-two years after treatment, dominants appeared to be least affected by crown-release but had the fewest defects and largest diameters. Crown-release treatment had the greatest effect on intermediates. To maximize growth and maintain bole quality, a crown release of between 5 and 10 ft is recommended,for red maple pole-size trees in the Lake States. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Strong, TF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM hodag68@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 117GG UT WOS:000242860400002 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA Laustsen, KM AF Westfall, James A. Laustsen, Kenneth M. TI A merchantable and total height model for tree species in Maine SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nonlinear mixed-effects model; tree volume; tree taper; tree biomass ID EQUATIONS AB A model for predicting merchantable and total tree height for 18 species groups in Maine is presented. Only tree-level predictor variables are used, so stand-level attributes, such as age and site quality, are not required. A mixed-effects modeling approach accounts for the correlated within-tree measurements. Data-collection protocols encompass situations in which merchantability to a specified top diameter is not attained due to tree characteristics. The advantage of using the height prediction model over taper-derived estimates of merchantable height is demonstrated. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Maine Forest Serv, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us; ken.laustsen@maine.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 117GG UT WOS:000242860400004 ER PT J AU Bowe, SA Bumgardner, MS AF Bowe, Scott A. Bumgardner, Matthew S. TI Small-diameter timber utilization in Wisconsin: A case study of four counties SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE small-diameter timber; Wisconsin; utilization; management; ownership ID HARDWOOD AB The state of Wisconsin has numerous forest ownership types. These include national, state, and county forests, as well as privately owned industrial and nonindustrial forests. In addition to sawlog markets, portions of the state also have substantial pulpwood markets associated with paper and panel mills. Combined, these attributes make Wisconsin a good location for studies of how different markets and ownerships influence small-diameter timber utilization in the Midwest. In the fall of 2003 and the spring of 2004, recent timber sales were examined in four selected counties in Wisconsin. Data on harvest contracts, cut types, silvicultural practices, forester involvement, residual stand characteristics, and fiber utilization were gathered. These data were examined based on ownership types, proximity to pulpwood markets, and forest cover in the counties. Findings suggested that each of these factors influenced harvest activities. Examining these factors will increase our understanding of the role small-diameter timber plays in forest management and expose opportunities resulting from its utilization. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Bowe, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sbowe@wisc.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 117GG UT WOS:000242860400005 ER PT J AU Sharew, H Kays, JS AF Sharew, Hailu Kays, Jonathan S. TI Vole damage control in forest plantations SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE rodenticide; zinc phosphide; peanut butter; baiting; Oust herbicide AB The effects of five treatments (mowing with broadcast baiting, mowing with hand baiting, hand baiting with no mowing, herbicide, and untreated control) on vole population and damage to forest plantations were evaluated. All treatments caused reductions in vole, feeding, as well as reduced seedling damage and potential seedling mortality. This study shows the practical importance of monitoring planting sites for vole populations in the fall prior to and after planting and suggests tin immediate control of high and severe vole population ratings with rodenticide with or without mowing to minimize potential seedling mortality. C1 US Forest Serv, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Maryland, Cooperat Extens, Keedysville, MD 21756 USA. RP Sharew, H (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM hsharew@dnr.state.md.us NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 117GG UT WOS:000242860400011 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, William B. TI Sixty years of change in the sapling understories of northern hardwood selection stands in New Hampshire SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE northern hardwoods; understories; regeneration; sugar maple ID AMERICAN BEECH; SUGAR MAPLE; REGENERATION; FOREST AB Numbers of understory saplings in northern hardwood stands on granitic soils harvested once or twice by single-tree selection were monitored on 1/4-ac cruise plots from 1931-32 to 1990-91. Beech, which composed somewhat less than half the stems, either increased slightly or declined; hemlock and striped maple increased substantially, whereas sugar maple declined. The decline in sugar maple saplings may have resulted from the influence of logging disturbances prior to 1931-32, which produced early successional vegetation conducive to sugar maple regeneration, followed by single-tree selection harvests that minimized any early successional influence. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM bleak@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 301 EP 303 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 117GG UT WOS:000242860400012 ER PT J AU Acker, SA Franklin, JF Greene, SE Thomas, TB Van Pelt, R Bible, KJ AF Acker, Steven A. Franklin, Jerry F. Greene, Sarah E. Thomas, Ted B. Van Pelt, Robert Bible, Kenneth J. TI Two decades of stability and change in old-growth forest at Mount Rainier National Park SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CASCADE RANGE; WASHINGTON; OREGON AB We examined how composition and structure of old-growth and mature forests at Mount Rainier National Park changed between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s. We assessed whether the patterns of forest dynamics observed in lower elevation old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest held true for the higher-elevation forests of the Park. We used measurements of tree recruitment, growth, and mortality on 18 permanent plots that spanned the range of forested environments in the Park. Similar to previous studies, there was little change in stand structure and composition, while a relatively large number of individual stems died or were recruited into the tree population. Most recruitment was of shade-tolerant tree species. Unlike some previous studies, in many stands recruitment of shade-tolerant individuals occurred without substantial mortality of shade-tolerant trees in the upper canopy. Habitat characteristics associated with old-growth forest changed little in most stands. One exception was a mature noble fir stand in which a brief episode of tree mortality, apparently due to drought and pathogens, increased similarity to old-growth structure. Plots in old-growth forest on the coldest and wettest sites in the Park had low similarity to the published definition of upper-slope old-growth forest at both the beginning and end of the study, suggesting that the existing definition may not apply at these environmental extremes. C1 Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Acker, SA (reprint author), Olymp Natl Pk, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM steve_acker@nps.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063IX UT WOS:000239013000007 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, JG AF Behall, Kay M. Scholfield, Daniel J. Hallfrisch, Judith G. TI Barley beta-glucan reduces plasma glucose and insulin responses compared with resistant starch in men SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amylose; insulin; glycemic response; insulin resistance; soluble fiber; human ID POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE; METABOLIC VARIABLES; GLYCEMIC INDEX; HIGH-AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTIN STARCH; TERM CONSUMPTION; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; OAT BRAN; FIBER; WOMEN AB Glucose and insulin responses have been reported to be lowered by acute consumption of soluble oat fiber or high amylose cornstarch. This study sought to determine if barley beta-glucan and preformed resistant starch reduced glucose and insulin responses in men independently or if a synergism exists between the two carbohydrate sources. A total of 20 men (10 control, 10 overweight; average body mass index, 23.8 vs 29.0) were fed a controlled diet for 2 days before each treatment containing 75 g available carbohydrate. Fasting subjects consumed 10 treatments consisting of glucose or 1 of 9 muffins containing 3 levels of resistant starch (0.1, 6.1, or 11.6 g/tolerance) and 3 levels of beta-glucan (0.1, 3.1, or 5.8 g/tolerance) in a Latin square design. Plasma glucose and insulin responses were determined over 4 hours after each treatment. Compared with controls, overweight subjects had significantly higher mean glucose (5.5 vs 6.0 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) (P < .003) and insulin (153 vs 285 +/- 21 mmol/L) (P < .0001) concentrations. Glucose (P < .001) and insulin (P < .003) responses were lower and returned to fasting quicker in the controls than in overweight subjects. The highest beta-glucan level was the most effective in lowering glucose (P < .001) and insulin responses (P < .0001). Average glucose (P < .025) and insulin (P < .0001) areas under the curve were lowest after the muffins containing the high beta-glucan. Resistant starch content was less effective than beta-glucan in reducing glucose or insulin response. Acute consumption of barley beta-glucan, but not resistant starch, in muffins was effective in reducing glucose and insulin responses in men who were mildly insulin-resistant. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM behallk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 12 BP 644 EP 650 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.10.001 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 121PB UT WOS:000243168400006 ER PT J AU Pittas, AG Roberts, SB Das, SK Gilhooly, CH Saltzman, E Golden, J Stark, PC Greenberg, AS AF Pittas, Anastassios G. Roberts, Susan B. Das, Sai Krupa Gilhooly, Cheryl H. Saltzman, Edward Golden, Julie Stark, Paul C. Greenberg, Andrew S. TI The effects of the dietary glycemic load on type 2 diabetes risk factors during weight loss SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE glycemic index; glucose tolerance; insulin sensitivity; insulin secretion; C-reactive protein ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET; HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; LOW-FAT DIET; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BODY-COMPOSITION AB Objective: To compare the effects of two calorie-restricted diets that differ in glycemic load (GL) on glucose tolerance and inflammation. Research Methods and Procedures: Thirty-four healthy overweight adults, ages 24 to 42 years, were randomized to 30% provided calorie-restricted diets with high (HG) or low (LG) glycemic load for 6 months. Outcomes were changes in glucose-insulin dynamics and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: Compared with baseline, levels of fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, postload insulin at 30 minutes, and incremental area-under-the-curve-insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test were significantly lower in both groups at 6 months (p range, 0.01 to 0.05), but after adjustment for baseline values and weight change, there were no differences between the two groups with regard to changes over time in any parameter. The mean percentage change in insulin sensitivity by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was +26% in the HG group and +24% in the LG group (p = 0.83); first-phase acute insulin release was -20% in the HG group and -21% in the LG group (p = 0.77). More participants on the LG diet (14 of 16 subjects) had a decline in serum CRP, compared with those on the HG diet (7 of 16 subjects) (p < 0.05). Discussion: In healthy overweight adults provided with food for 6 months, the dietary GL did not seem to influence chronic adaptations in glucose-insulin dynamics above that associated with weight loss. This finding highlights the importance of absolute weight loss over the dietary macronutrient composition used to achieve weight loss. The finding of greater declines in CRP concentration after consumption of a low-GL diet warrants further investigation. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pittas, AG (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, 750 Washington St,268, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM apittas@tufts-nemc.org RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU NIA NIH HHS [U01-AG20480]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30DK046200, K23-DK61506] NR 47 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD DEC PY 2006 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2200 EP 2209 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.258 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212OH UT WOS:000249606200012 PM 17189547 ER PT J AU Potts, DL Huxman, TE Scott, RL Williams, DG Goodrich, DC AF Potts, D. L. Huxman, T. E. Scott, R. L. Williams, D. G. Goodrich, D. C. TI The sensitivity of ecosystem carbon exchange to seasonal precipitation and woody plant encroachment SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE flux-duration analysis; photosynthesis; Woody encroachment; precipitation variability ID MOJAVE DESERT SHRUBS; FLOW DURATION CURVES; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; SEMIARID GRASSLANDS; POPULUS-FREMONTII; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL TEXTURE; PULSE SIZE; WATER-USE AB Ongoing, widespread increases in woody plant abundance in historical grasslands and savannas (woody encroachment) likely will interact with future precipitation variability to influence seasonal patterns of carbon cycling in water-limited regions. To characterize the effects of woody encroachment on the sensitivity of ecosystem carbon exchange to seasonal rainfall in a semi-arid riparian setting we used flux-duration analysis to compare 2003-growing season NEE data from a riparian grassland and shrubland. Though less seasonally variable than the grassland, shrubland NEE was more responsive to monsoon rains than anticipated. During the 2004-growing season we measured leaf gas exchange and collected leaf tissue for delta C-13 and nitrogen content analysis periodically among three size classes of the dominant woody-plant, Prosopis velutina and the dominant understory species, Sporobolus wrightii, a C-4 bunchgrass, present at the shrubland. We observed size-class and plant functional type independent patterns of seasonal plant performance consistent with greater-than-anticipated sensitivity of NEE in the shrubland. This research highlights the complex interaction between growing-season precipitation, plant-available alluvial groundwater and woody plant abundance governing ecosystem carbon balance in this semi-arid watershed. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Potts, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM dpotts@uci.edu; huxman@email.arizona.edu; rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov; dgw@uwyo.edu; dgoodrich@tucson.ars.ag.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 64 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 150 IS 3 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0532-y PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105VP UT WOS:000242060700011 PM 16955288 ER PT J AU Belles, D Shaner, D Westra, P Brunk, G AF Belles, David Shaner, Dale Westra, Phil Brunk, Galen TI Comparison of efficacy, absorption and translocation of three glyphosate formulations on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western-Society-of-Weed-Science CY MAR 09-11, 2004 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP Western Soc Weed Sci DE glyphosate; AMADS; velvetleaf; absorption; translocation; growth response ID SALT AB Growth analysis, absorption and translocation studies were conducted to compare a 1-aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (GLY-A) formulation of glyphosate with two isopropylamine (GLY-IPA-1, GLY-IPA-2) formulations of glyphosate on velvetleaf. The two isopropylamine formulations differed by the presence of a surfactant in the formulation, GLY-IPA-1 containing surfactant whereas GLY-IPA-2 did not. Four- to six-leaf velvetleaf was treated with GLY-A and GLY-IPA-1 and GLY-IPA-2 (0, SO, 67, 89, 119, 158, 280, 420, 560 and 840 g AE ha(-1)) with and without ammonium sulfate (AMS; 20 g L-1). GLY-A and GLY-IPA-2 included a non-ionic surfactant (2.5 mL L-1) in the spray solution at all herbicide concentrations. No additional surfactant was added to GLY-IPA-1. The IC50 value for GLY-A was 88 g AE ha(-1) compared with 346 and 376 g AE ha(-1) for GLY-IPA-1 and GLY-IPA-2 respectively in the absence of AMS. When AMS (20 g L-1) was added to the spray solution, the estimated IC50 values were 143, 76 and 60 g AE ha(-1) for GLY-IPA-1, GLY-IPA-2 and GLY-A respectively. Absorption of C-14-glyphosate into the third leaf of five- to six-leaf velvetleaf was three- to sixfold greater 72 h after treatment (HAT) when applied as GLY-A compared with GLY-IPA-1 and GLY-IPA-2 respectively in the absence of AMS. AMS (20 g L-1) increased absorption of C-14-glyphosate in all glyphosate formulations two- to threefold, but differences among the formulations remained. Approximately three- and sixfold more C-14-glyphosate applied as GLY-A had translocated out of the treated leaf compared with GLY-IPA-1 and GLY-IPA-2 respectively by 72 HAT. Adding AMS (20 g L-1) increased translocation of C-14-glyphosate out of the treated leaf approximately 2.5-fold for all three formulations. The increased efficacy of GLY-A versus GLY-IPA-1 and GLY-IPA-2 on velvetleaf is due to the greater rate of absorption and subsequent translocation of glyphosate out of the treated leaf. AMS increased the efficacy of all three formulations by increasing absorption and translocation of glyphosate in the plant. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shaner, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM Dale.Shaner@npa.ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 62 IS 12 BP 1177 EP 1181 DI 10.1002/ps.1296 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 114RQ UT WOS:000242683700006 PM 16981248 ER PT J AU Larson, RL Hill, AL Fenwick, A Kniss, AR Hanson, LE Miller, SD AF Larson, Rebecca L. Hill, Amy L. Fenwick, Ann Kniss, Andrew R. Hanson, Linda E. Miller, Stephen D. TI Influence of glyphosate on Rhizoctonia and Fusarium root rot in sugar beet SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; Rhizoctonia solani; Fusarium oxysporum; glyphosate shikimic acid ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE; RESISTANT CROPS; SOLANI; PLANTS; SOIL; GROWTH; METABOLISM; INFECTION; SURVIVAL AB This study tests the effect of glyphosate application on disease severity in glyphosate-resistant sugar beet, and examines whether the increase in disease is fungal or plant mediated. In greenhouse studies of glyphosate-resistant sugar beet, increased disease severity was observed following glyphosate application and inoculation with certain isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. betae Snyd. & Hans. Significant increases in disease severity were noted for R. solani AG-2-2 isolate R-9 and moderately virulent F. oxysporum isolate FOB13 on both cultivars tested, regardless of the duration between glyphosate application and pathogen challenge, but not with highly virulent F. oxysporum isolate F-19 or an isolate of R. solani AG-4. The increase in disease does not appear to be fungal mediated, since in vitro studies showed no positive impact of glyphosate on fungal growth or overwintering structure production or germination for either pathogen. Studies of glyphosate impact on sugar beet physiology showed that shikimic acid accumulation is tissue specific and the rate of accumulation is greatly reduced in resistant cultivars when compared with a susceptible cultivar. The results indicate that precautions need to be taken when certain soil-borne diseases are present if weed management for sugar beet is to include post-emergence glyphosate treatments. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Larson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM rebecca.larson@ars.usda.gov RI Kniss, Andrew/B-3247-2010 OI Kniss, Andrew/0000-0003-2551-4959 NR 48 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 62 IS 12 BP 1182 EP 1192 DI 10.1002/ps.1297 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 114RQ UT WOS:000242683700007 PM 16988927 ER PT J AU Rowell, E Selelstad, C Vierling, L Queen, L Shepperd, W AF Rowell, Eric Selelstad, Carl Vierling, Lee Queen, Lloyd Shepperd, Wayne TI Using laser altimetry-based segmentation to refine automated tree identification in managed forests of the Black Hills, South Dakota SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Silviscan 2005 Conference on Lidar Applications in Forest Assessment and Inventory CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2005 CL Blacksburg, VA ID VARIABLE WINDOW SIZE; SCANNER DATA; MULTISPECTRAL DATA; BASAL AREA; LIDAR; HEIGHT; INVENTORY; IMAGERY; VOLUME; DIAMETER AB The success of a local maximum (LM) tree detection algorithm for detecting individual trees from lidar data depends on stand conditions that are often highly variable. A laser height variance and percent canopy cover (PCC) classification is used to segment the landscape by stand condition prior to stem detection, We test the performance of the LM algorithm using canopy height model (CHM) smoothing decisions and crown width estimation for each stand condition ranging from open savannah to multi-strata stands. Results show that CHM smoothing improves stem predictions for low density stands and no CHM smoothing better detects stems in dense even-aged stands, specifically dominant and co-dominant trees (R-2 = 0.61, RMSE = 20.91 stems with smoothing; R-2 = 0.85, RMSE = 46.02 stems with no-smoothing; combined smoothed CHM for low density and unsmoothed CHM for high density stands R-2 = 0.88, RMSE = 28.59 stems). At a threshold of approximately 2,200 stems ha(-1), stem detection accuracy is no longer obtainable in any stand condition. C1 Univ Montana, Natl Ctr Landscape Fire Anal, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rowell, E (reprint author), Univ Montana, Natl Ctr Landscape Fire Anal, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM rowell@ntsg.umt.edu RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010 OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1379 EP 1388 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 113YR UT WOS:000242634400008 ER PT J AU Bushman, BS Scholte, AA Cornish, K Scott, DJ Brichta, JL Vederas, JC Ochoa, O Michelmore, RW Shintani, DK Knapp, SJ AF Bushman, Bradley S. Scholte, Andrew A. Cornish, Katrina Scott, Deborah J. Brichta, Jenny L. Vederas, John C. Ochoa, Oswaldo Michelmore, Richard W. Shintani, David K. Knapp, Steven J. TI Identification and comparison of natural rubber from two Lactuca species SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lactuca sativa; Lactuca serriola; Compositae; rubber; cis-1,4-polyisoprene; Lactuca; lettuce ID HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; LIGHT-SCATTERING; FICUS-ELASTICA; PARTICLES; LATEX; LETTUCE; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Renewed interest in the identification of alternative sources of natural rubber to Hevea brasiliensis has focused on the Compositae family. In our search for Compositae models for rubber synthesis, we extracted latex from stems of two lettuce species: Lactuca serriola, prickly lettuce, and Lactuea saliva cv. Salinas, crisphead lettuce. Both species contained cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber in the dichloromethane-soluble portions of their latex, and sesquiterpene lactones in their acetone-soluble portions. The rubber from both species and their progeny had molecular weights in excess of 1,000,000 g/mol, and polydispersity values of 1.1. Rubber transferase activity was detected across a range of farnesyl diphosphate initiator concentrations, with decreased activity as initiator concentrations exceeded putative saturation. These results add lettuce to the short list of plant species that produce high molecular weight rubber in their latex. Due to the genomic and agronomic resources available in lettuce species, they provide the opportunity for further dissection of natural rubber bio-synthesis in plants. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. Yulex Corp, Carlsbad, CA USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Knapp, SJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sjknapp@uga.edu OI Vederas, John/0000-0002-2996-0326 NR 39 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 23 BP 2590 EP 2596 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.09.012 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 114SW UT WOS:000242686900010 PM 17055543 ER PT J AU Chen, TC Huang, CW Kuo, YW Liu, FL Yuan, CHH Hsu, HT Yeh, SD AF Chen, Tsung-Chi Huang, Ching-Wen Kuo, Yan-Wen Liu, Fang-Lin Yuan, Chao-Hsiu Hsuan Hsu, Hei-Ti Yeh, Shyi-Dong TI Identification of common epitopes on a conserved region of NSs proteins among tospoviruses of Watermelon silver mottle virus serogroup SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; CUCUMBER-MOSAIC-VIRUS; BUD NECROSIS TOSPOVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; S RNA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HETEROLOGOUS PROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VECTOR; EXPRESSION AB The NSs protein of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) was expressed by a Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) vector in squash. The expressed NSs protein with a histidine tag and an additional NIa protease cleavage sequence was isolated by Ni2+-NTA resins as a free-form protein and further eluted after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for production of rabbit antiserum and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The rabbit antiserum strongly reacted with the NSs crude antigen of WSMoV and weakly reacted with that of a high-temperature-recovered gloxinia isolate (HT-1) of Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), but not with that of Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV). In contrast, the MAbs reacted strongly with all crude NSs antigens of WSMoV, CaCV, and CCSV. Various deletions of the NSs open reading frame were constructed and expressed by ZYMV vector. Results indicate that all three MAbs target the 89- to 125-amino-acid (aa) region of WSMoV NSs protein. Two indispensable residues of cysteine and lysine were essential for MAbs recognition. Sequence comparison of the deduced MAbs-recognized region with the reported tospoviral NSs proteins revealed the presence of a consensus sequence VRKPGVKNTGCKF-TMHNQIFNPN (denoted WNSscon), at the 98- to 120-aa position of NSs proteins, sharing 86 to 100% identities among those of WSMoV, CaCV, CCSV, and Peanut bud necrosis virus. A synthetic WNSscon peptide reacted with the MAbs and verified that the epitopes are present in the 98- to 120-aa region of WSMoV NSs protein. The WSMoV serogroup-specific NSs MAbs provide a means for reliable identification of tospoviruses in this large serogroup. C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yeh, SD (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. EM sdyeh@nchu.edu.tw NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1296 EP 1304 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1296 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108SS UT WOS:000242260100001 PM 18943661 ER PT J AU Engle, JS Madden, LV Lipps, PE AF Engle, Jessica S. Madden, Laurence V. Lipps, Patrick E. TI Distribution and pathogenic characterization of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Stagonospora nodorum in Ohio SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drechslera tritici-repentis; Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Triticum aestivum ID TAN SPOT; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; WINTER-WHEAT; PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; DISEASE SEVERITY; LEAF BLOTCH; PTR TOXA; RESISTANCE; SEED; INOCULUM AB To determine the distribution of Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis on wheat in Ohio, flag leaves with lesions were collected from wheat-producing counties in 2002 and 2003. Counties were arbitrarily grouped into seven regions. Log-linear analysis of pathogen presence within regions indicated that the presence of S. nodorum was independent of the presence of P. tritici-repentis. A logistic analysis revealed that the occurrence of both pathogens varied by region in one or both years. The aggressiveness of S. nodorum isolates was determined by inoculating two susceptible genotypes with a subsample of isolates from each region from both years. S. nodorum isolates obtained from northeast Ohio, with fewer wheat fields, were less aggressive than those from other regions. Isolates obtained from west-central Ohio, surrounded by regions with high wheat production annually, were significantly more aggressive than those obtained in the remaining five regions. Isolates from the five other regions did. not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in aggressiveness. Races 1 and 2, and a few race 3 isolates, of P. tritici-repentis were detected in Ohio. The distribution of P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 2 was not associated with any region, although the prevalence of race 1 was three times greater than race 2. The rarer race 3 was associated with three dispersed regions. Results indicate that S. nodorum was the major wheat leaf-blotching pathogen. There were no positive or negative associations of S. nodorum and P. tritici-repentis or individual races of P. tritici-repentis in any of the tested regions, which indicates that neither pathogen can be used to predict the presence of the other. The isolated northeastern corner of Ohio appeared to contain isolates of S. nodorum with unique characteristics and potentially only one race of P. tritici-repentis, indicating that this area may be genetically isolated from the remaining tested areas of the state. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Engle, JS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM engle.39@osu.edu NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1355 EP 1362 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1355 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108SS UT WOS:000242260100008 PM 18943668 ER PT J AU Wanner, LA AF Wanner, Leslie A. TI A survey of genetic variation in Streptomyces isolates causing potato common scab in the United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pathogenicity island markers; Solanum tuberosum; Streptomyces acidiscabies ID PLANT-PATHOGENIC STREPTOMYCES; NETTED SCAB; SP-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SP. NOV; LESIONS; STRAINS; FRANCE; KOREA; NEC1 AB Common scab is a serious disease of potatoes and other root and tuber crops, affecting crop quality and market value. The disease is caused by gram positive soil bacteria in the genus Streptomyces. Disease incidence and severity vary in different locations and years; this is due in part to variation in the environment (weather) and genetic variation in potato cultivars. Little information is available on the contribution of genetic variation by the pathogen. To examine genetic diversity in different locations within the United States, streptomycetes were isolated from lesions on field-grown potatoes from six states. Isolates were classified into species based on sequence of variable regions in the 16s rRNA gene. The presence of genes associated with the recently described S. turgidi-scabies pathogenicity island (PAI) was also determined. About half of the isolates belonged to S. scabies or S. europaeiscabiei based on 16s rDNA sequence, and had characteristic features of the PAI. They were found in all six states, and were pathogenic on potato and radish. The remaining isolates included pathogens and nonpathogens. They were varied in appearance, and represent several species, including one pathogenic species not previously reported. Some pathogenic isolates lacked one or more genes characteristic of the PAI, although all had genes for biosynthesis of the pathogenicity determinant thaxtomin. In this relatively small survey, regional differences in scab-causing streptomycetes were seen. This report furnishes tools and baseline data for population genetic study of scab-causing streptomycetes in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Serv Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wanner, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Serv Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wanner1@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1363 EP 1371 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1363 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108SS UT WOS:000242260100009 PM 18943669 ER PT J AU Vallad, GE Qin, QM Grube, R Hayes, RJ Subbarao, KV AF Vallad, Gary E. Qin, Qing-Ming Grube, Rebecca Hayes, Ryan J. Subbarao, Krishna V. TI Characterization of race-specific interactions among isolates of Verticillium dahliae pathogenic on lettuce SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT TOMATO VARIETIES; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; INOCULUM DENSITY; ALBO-ATRUM; WILT; VIRULENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CULTIVARS; PLANTS; COTTON AB Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, poses a major threat to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production in California. Incorporation of resistance into commercial lettuce cultivars offers the least expensive technique of sustaining production in infested areas. To test the breadth of the resistance identified in field experiments, a pair of susceptible ('Saunas' and 'Sniper') and resistant ('La Brillante' and 'Little Gem') lettuce cultivars were used as differentials and individually inoculated with 29 isolates of V. dahliae and two isolates of V. albo-atrum from several hosts, including lettuce, in replicated greenhouse experiments. The reactions of the four cultivars were determined based on the disease severity at maturity. None of the V. albo-atrum isolates or V. dahliae isolates from cruciferous hosts caused significant disease on lettuce. Both Salinas and Sniper were susceptible to many isolates of V. dahliae (21 of 23) from noncruciferous hosts, and the isolates varied in their overall virulence. However, of these, only three isolates caused significant disease on the resistant cvs. La Brillante' and Little Gem. These three isolates also were distinct from the other V. dahliae isolates based on sequence data from the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, suggesting that they form a phylogenetically distinct subgroup that differs in virulence toward specific lettuce genotypes. Accordingly, isolates of V. dahliae virulent on all tested cultivars, including the resistant La Brillante and Little Gem were designated as race 2, whereas those virulent only on the susceptible Salinas and Sniper were designated as race 1. Although a range of virulence among isolates has been described in other hosts, this is the first description of distinct virulence phenotypes in V. dahliae since a similar race structure was described in tomato in the 1960s. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1380 EP 1387 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1380 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108SS UT WOS:000242260100011 PM 18943671 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Sturbaum, AK Montes, GR Serrano, EG Lozoya-Saldana, H Fry, WE AF Grunwald, Niklaus J. Sturbaum, Anne K. Montes, Gaspar Romero Serrano, Edith Garay Lozoya-Saldana, Hector Fry, William E. TI Selection for fungicide resistance within a growing season in field populations of Phytophthora infestans at the center of origin SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolution ID LATE-BLIGHT MANAGEMENT; TOLUCA VALLEY; DURABLE RESISTANCE; FUNGAL RESISTANCE; CENTRAL MEXICO; POTATO; METALAXYL; SENSITIVITY; QUANTIFICATION; PHENYLAMIDE AB The central highlands of Mexico should provide an optimal testing ground for evaluating the potential threat of selection for resistance to fungicides in the population of Phytophthora infestans. We evaluated the hypotheses that exposure to the fungicides azoxystrobin, cymoxanil, dimethomorph. fluazinam, mancozeb, metalaxyl, and propamocarb hydrochloride would lead to (i) a shift in the sensitivity distributions (i.e., selection) and (ii) a lower genotypic diversity of the population. We compared populations from unsprayed plots with populations that had been exposed to several applications of each of the fungicides within a single field season. This study provides novel baseline data and shows that the Toluca valley P. infestans population has a wide range of sensitivities to the fungicides fluazinam, cymoxanil, dimethomorph, metalaxyl, and propamocarb. Directional selection toward resistance combined with a reduction in genetic diversity of the P. infestans population was observed only for the fungicide metalaxyl. The results obtained provide direct experimental support for continuing vigilance regarding further introductions of exotic strains of P. infestans into the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Programa Int Cooperat Tizon Tardio Papa Potato La, Metepec 52176, Edo Mexico, Mexico. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Niklaus.Grunwald@science.oregonstate.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Garay-Serrano, Edith/B-2883-2017 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Garay-Serrano, Edith/0000-0001-5077-642X NR 51 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1403 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1397 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108SS UT WOS:000242260100013 PM 18943673 ER PT J AU Gao, X Jackson, TA Hartman, GL Niblack, TL AF Gao, X. Jackson, T. A. Hartman, G. L. Niblack, T. L. TI Interactions between the soybean cyst nematode and Fusarium solani f. sp glycines based on greenhouse factorial experiments SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbes; pathogen population ecology; quantitative plant pathology ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; CAUSAL AGENT; SOIL; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; SEVERITY; DISEASE; COTTON AB The soybean cyst nematode. Heterodera glycines, and the fungus that causes sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean, Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, frequently co-infest soybean (Glycine max) fields. The interactions between H. glycines and F. solani f. sp. glycines were investigated in factorial greenhouse experiments with different inoculum levels of both organisms on a soybean cultivar susceptible to both pathogens. Measured responses included root and shoot dry weights, H. glycines reproduction, area under the SDS disease progress curve, and fungal colonization of roots. Both H. glycines and F. solani f. sp. glycines reduced the growth of soybeans. Reproduction of H. glycines was suppressed by high inoculum levels but not by low levels of F. solani f. sp. glycines. The infection of soybean roots by H. glycines did not affect root colonization by the fungus, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Although both pathogens reduced the growth of soybeans, H. glycines did not increase SDS foliar symptoms, and statistical interactions between the two pathogens were seldom significant. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Niblack, TL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tniblack@uiuc.edu NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1409 EP 1415 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1409 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108SS UT WOS:000242260100015 PM 18943675 ER PT J AU Chen, M Han, GS Dietrich, CR Dunn, TM Cahoon, EB AF Chen, Ming Han, Gongshe Dietrich, Charles R. Dunn, Teresa M. Cahoon, Edgar B. TI The essential nature of sphingolipids in plants as revealed by the functional identification and characterization of the Arabidopsis LCB1 subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; AFFINITY-PEPTIDE CHROMATOGRAPHY; LONG-CHAIN BASES; L-CV PUMA; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LIPID RAFTS; FATTY-ACIDS AB Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the first step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. In yeast and mammalian cells, SPT is a heterodimer that consists of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, which together form the active site of this enzyme. We show that the predicted gene for Arabidopsis thaliana LCB1 encodes a genuine subunit of SPT that rescues the sphingolipid long-chain base auxotrophy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT mutants when coexpressed with Arabidopsis LCB2. In addition, homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants for At LCB1 were not recoverable, but viability was restored by complementation with the wild-type At LCB1 gene. Furthermore, partial RNA interference (RNAi) suppression of At LCB1 expression was accompanied by a marked reduction in plant size that resulted primarily from reduced cell expansion. Sphingolipid content on a weight basis was not changed significantly in the RNAi suppression plants, suggesting that plants compensate for the downregulation of sphingolipid synthesis by reduced growth. At LCB1 RNAi suppression plants also displayed altered leaf morphology and increases in relative amounts of saturated sphingolipid long-chain bases. These results demonstrate that plant SPT is a heteromeric enzyme and that sphingolipids are essential components of plant cells and contribute to growth and development. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Cahoon, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM ecahoon@danforthcenter.org NR 67 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 12 BP 3576 EP 3593 DI 10.1105/tpc.105.040774 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 135TR UT WOS:000244177000018 PM 17194770 ER PT J AU Lu, S Van Eck, J Zhou, X Lopez, AB O'Halloran, DM Cosman, KM Conlin, BJ Paolillo, DJ Garvin, DF Vrebalov, J Kochian, LV Kupper, H Earle, ED Cao, J Li, L AF Lu, Shan Van Eck, Joyce Zhou, Xiangjun Lopez, Alex B. O'Halloran, Diana M. Cosman, Kelly M. Conlin, Brian J. Paolillo, Dominick J. Garvin, David F. Vrebalov, Julia Kochian, Leon V. Kupper, Hendrik Earle, Elizabeth D. Cao, Jun Li, Li TI The cauliflower or gene encodes a DnaJ cysteine-rich domain-containing protein that mediates high levels of beta-carotene accumulation SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID L. VAR. BOTRYTIS; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HIGHER-PLANTS; CHROMOPLAST DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; PLASTID DIVISION; BIOSYNTHESIS; TOMATO AB Despite recent progress in our understanding of carotenogenesis in plants, the mechanisms that govern overall carotenoid accumulation remain largely unknown. The Orange (Or) gene mutation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) confers the accumulation of high levels of beta-carotene in various tissues normally devoid of carotenoids. Using positional cloning, we isolated the gene representing Or and verified it by functional complementation in wild-type cauliflower. Or encodes a plastid-associated protein containing a DnaJ Cys-rich domain. The Or gene mutation is due to the insertion of a long terminal repeat retrotransposon in the Or allele. Or appears to be plant specific and is highly conserved among divergent plant species. Analyses of the gene, the gene product, and the cytological effects of the Or transgene suggest that the functional role of Or is associated with a cellular process that triggers the differentiation of proplastids or other noncolored plastids into chromoplasts for carotenoid accumulation. Moreover, we demonstrate that Or can be used as a novel genetic tool to induce carotenoid accumulation in a major staple food crop. We show here that controlling the formation of chromoplasts is an important mechanism by which carotenoid accumulation is regulated in plants. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu RI Lu, Shan/C-1977-2008; Lu, Shan/C-3530-2012; Kupper, Hendrik/J-5152-2012; OI Lu, Shan/0000-0002-9358-6121; Kupper, Hendrik/0000-0003-0712-7023; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 68 TC 190 Z9 206 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 12 BP 3594 EP 3605 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.046417 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 135TR UT WOS:000244177000019 PM 17172359 ER PT J AU Francois, JA Kumaran, S Jez, JM AF Francois, Julie A. Kumaran, Sangaralingam Jez, Joseph M. TI Structural basis for interaction of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase and serine acetyltransferase in the Arabidopsis cysteine synthase complex SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SULFATE ASSIMILATION; ACTIVE-SITE; THALIANA; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; MECHANISM; ENZYMES AB In plants, association of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS) and Ser acetyltransferase (SAT) into the Cys synthase complex plays a regulatory role in sulfur assimilation and Cys biosynthesis. We determined the crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana OASS (At-OASS) bound with a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal 10 residues of Arabidopsis SAT (C10 peptide) at 2.9-angstrom resolution. Hydrogen bonding interactions with key active site residues (Thr-74, Ser-75, and Gln-147) lock the C10 peptide in the binding site. C10 peptide binding blocks access to OASS catalytic residues, explaining how complex formation downregulates OASS activity. Comparison with bacterial OASS suggests that structural plasticity in the active site allows binding of SAT C termini with dissimilar sequences at structurally similar OASS active sites. Calorimetric analysis of the effect of active site mutations (T74S, S75A, S75T, and Q147A) demonstrates that these residues are important for C10 peptide binding and that changes at these positions disrupt communication between active sites in the homodimeric enzyme. We also demonstrate that the C-terminal IIe of the C10 peptide is required for molecular recognition by At-OASS. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying formation of the Cys synthase complex and provide a structural basis for the biochemical regulation of Cys biosynthesis in plants. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Jez, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM jjez@danforthcenter.org NR 39 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 12 BP 3647 EP 3655 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.047316 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 135TR UT WOS:000244177000023 PM 17194764 ER PT J AU Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Franco, AC Campanello, PI Villalobos-Vega, R Bustamante, M Miralles-Wilhelm, F AF Bucci, Sandra J. Scholz, Fabian G. Goldstein, Guillermo Meinzer, Frederick C. Franco, Augusto C. Campanello, Paula I. Villalobos-Vega, Randol Bustamante, Mercedes Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando TI Nutrient availability constrains the hydraulic architecture and water relations of savannah trees SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cerrado trees; foliar nutrients; hydraulic architecture; long-distance water transport; long-term fertilization effects; water relations; xylem vulnerability to embolism ID SAP FLOW; WOODY-PLANTS; DISSIPATION PROBES; BRAZILIAN CERRADO; CARBON ALLOCATION; XYLEM CAVITATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NITROGEN; FERTILIZATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Leaf and whole plant-level functional traits were studied in five dominant woody savannah species from Central Brazil (Cerrado) to determine whether reduction of nutrient limitations in oligotrophic Cerrado soils affects carbon allocation, water relations and hydraulic architecture. Four treatments were used: control, N additions, P additions and N plus P additions. Fertilizers were applied twice yearly, from October 1998 to March 2004. Sixty-three months after the first nutrient addition, the total leaf area increment was significantly greater across all species in the N- and the N + P-fertilized plots than in the control and in the P-fertilized plots. Nitrogen fertilization significantly altered several components of hydraulic architecture: specific conductivity of terminal stems increased with N additions, whereas leaf-specific conductivity and wood density decreased in most cases. Average daily sap flow per individual was consistently higher with N and N + P additions compared to the control, but its relative increase was not as great as that of leaf area. Long-term additions of N and N + P caused midday Psi(L) to decline significantly by a mean of 0.6 MPa across all species because N-induced relative reductions in soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance were greater than those of stomatal conductance and transpiration on a leaf area basis. Phosphorus-fertilized trees did not exhibit significant changes in midday Psi(L). Analysis of xylem vulnerability curves indicated that N-fertilized trees were significantly less vulnerable to embolism than trees in control and P-fertilized plots. Thus, N-induced decreases in midday Psi(L) appeared to be almost entirely compensated by increases in resistance to embolism. Leaf tissue water relations characteristics also changed as a result of N-induced declines in minimum Psi(L): osmotic potential at full turgor decreased and symplastic solute content on a dry matter basis increased linearly with declining midday Psi(L) across species and treatments. Despite being adapted to chronic nutrient limitations, Cerrado woody species apparently have the capacity to exploit increases in nutrient availability by allocating resources to maximize carbon gain and enhance growth. The cost of increased allocation to leaf area relative to water transport capacity involved increased total water loss per plant and a decrease in minimum leaf water potentials. However, the risk of increased embolism and turgor loss was relatively low as xylem vulnerability to embolism and leaf osmotic characteristics changed in parallel with changes in plant water status induced by N fertilization. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM goldstein@bio.miami.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 50 TC 63 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2153 EP 2167 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01591.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 101KF UT WOS:000241739000005 PM 17081249 ER PT J AU Gent, DH du Toit, LJ Fichtner, SF Mohan, SK Pappu, HR Schwartz, HF AF Gent, David H. du Toit, Lindsey J. Fichtner, Scott F. Mohan, S. Krishna Pappu, Hanu R. Schwartz, Howard F. TI Iris yellow spot virus: An emerging threat to onion bulb and seed production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Review ID ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; THRIPS-TABACI THYSANOPTERA; ALLIUM-CEPA; WILT-VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FAMILY BUNYAVIRIDAE; GENUS TOSPOVIRUS C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. Washington State Univ, NW Washington Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, IA USA. Western Farm Serv, Clovis, CA USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID USA. RP Schwartz, HF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM howard.schwartz@colostate.edu NR 128 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1468 EP 1480 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1468 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107AC UT WOS:000242142100001 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Gillen, AM Gallian, JJ Camp, S Stander, JR AF Strausbaugh, Carl A. Gillen, Anne M. Gallian, John J. Camp, Stacey Stander, J. R. TI Influence of host resistance and insecticide seed treatments on curly top in sugar beets SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Curtovirus; geminivirus ID SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES; VIRUS; AGE; SPECIFICITY; INFECTION; PLANTS AB Curly top on sugar beets (Beta vulgaris) caused by Beet severe curly top virus or closely related species is a considerable problem in and growing regions of the western United States. Two insecticide seed treatments, Poncho Beta (60 g a.i. clothianidin + 8 g a.i. beta-cyfluthrin/100,000 seed) and Gaucho (45 g a.i. imidacloprid/100,000 seed), and four sugar beet hybrids varying in curly top resistance were evaluated for their influence on the control of curly top in comparison with untreated checks. Plots were established at two locations in southern Idaho in 2005 and evaluated for curly top. Moderate to severe curly top due to natural inoculum and leafhopper infestations occurred at both locations. Untreated, the four hybrids performed as expected with the fewest curly top symptoms on PM21 and the most on Monohikari. Both insecticide treatments lowered curly top ratings compared with the untreated check, but Poncho Beta reduced symptoms more than Gaucho as the season progressed. Poncho Beta led to increased yield and estimated recoverable sugar across all hybrids at harvest, particularly on the more susceptible hybrids. When considering the yield parameters for only the most resistant hybrids individually, Poncho Beta did not always outperform Gaucho. Poncho Beta provided a level of control that would justify its application as a supplement to host resistance under Idaho conditions. C1 USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. Amalgamated Sugar Co, Paul, ID 83347 USA. Betaseed Inc, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Strausbaugh, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM carls@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov OI Strausbaugh, Carl/0000-0001-6773-1375 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1539 EP 1544 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1539 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107AC UT WOS:000242142100010 ER PT J AU Ma, HX Bai, GH Gill, BS Hart, LP AF Ma, Hong-Xiang Bai, Gui-Hua Gill, Bikram S. Hart, L. Patrick TI Deletion of a chromosome arm altered wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in Chinese Spring SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; SCAB RESISTANCE; II RESISTANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; POPULATION; QTL; WANGSHUIBAI; CULMORUM AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is an important disease of wheat worldwide. Production of deoxynivalenol (DON) in infected wheat grain by F graminearum is a major safety concern when considering use of the grain as feed for livestock or for human consumption. Determining chromosome locations of FHB-related genes may facilitate enhancement of wheat resistance to FHB and DON accumulation. In this study, a set of 30 ditelosomic lines derived from Chinese Spring, a moderately FHB-resistant landrace from China. were evaluated for proportion of scabbed spikelets per inoculated spike in the greenhouse and for DON contamination in harvested grain over 2 years. Significant variation in the proportion of scabbed spikelets was observed among ditelosomic lines, ranging from 13 to 95%. Seven ditelosomic lines exhibited a greater proportion of scabbed spikelets and three of these also had greater DON content than Chinese Spring (P = 0.01), suggesting that those missing chromosome arms may carry genes that contribute to resistance to FHB. Six ditelosomic lines had a reduction in proportion of scabbed spikelets, suggesting that susceptibility factors or resistance suppressors may be on these missing chromosomal arms. Selection for low proportion of scabbed spikelets in general will select for low DON content. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1545 EP 1549 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1545 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107AC UT WOS:000242142100011 ER PT J AU Koike, ST Kammeijer, K Bull, CT O'Brien, D O'Brien, D AF Koike, S. T. Kammeijer, K. Bull, C. T. O'Brien, D. O'Brien, Doug TI First report of bacterial blight of romanesco cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis in California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. Doug O Brien Agr Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. RP Koike, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1551 EP 1551 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1551B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107AC UT WOS:000242142100016 ER PT J AU Gulya, TJ Geseh, RW Bradley, CA del Rio, LE Johnson, BL AF Gulya, T. J. Geseh, R. W. Bradley, C. A. del Rio, L. E. Johnson, B. L. TI First report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection on Cuphea. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gulya, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1554 EP 1554 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1554A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107AC UT WOS:000242142100024 ER PT J AU Hanson, LE AF Hanson, L. E. TI First report of Fusarium yellows of sugar beet caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hanson, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1554 EP 1554 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1554B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107AC UT WOS:000242142100025 ER PT J AU Chilvers, MI Horton, TL Peever, TL Kaiser, WJ Muehlbauer, FJ AF Chilvers, M. I. Horton, T. L. Peever, T. L. Kaiser, W. J. Muehlbauer, F. J. TI First report of Ascochyta blight of Vicia hirsuta (hairy tare) in the Republic of Georgia caused by Ascochyta sp. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chilvers, MI (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Chilvers, Martin/A-3548-2010 OI Chilvers, Martin/0000-0001-8832-1666 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1555 EP 1555 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1555A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 107AC UT WOS:000242142100027 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC AF Goslee, Sarah C. TI Behavior of vegetation sampling methods in the presence of spatial autocorrelation SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cover; frequency; modified Whittaker plot; North Carolina Vegetation Survey; species-area curves; transect ID PLANT DIVERSITY; DESIGN; ECOLOGY; PATTERN AB Spatial autocorrelation in vegetation has been discussed extensively, but little is yet known about how standard plant sampling methods perform when confronted with varying levels of patchiness. Simulated species maps with a range of total abundance and spatial autocorrelation (patchiness) were sampled using four methods: strip transect, randomly located quadrats, the non-nested multiscale modified Whittaker plot and the nested multiscale North Carolina Vegetation Survey (NCVS) plot. Cover and frequency estimates varied widely within and between methods, especially in the presence of high patchiness and for species with moderate abundances. Transect sampling showed the highest variability, returning estimates of 19-94% cover for a species with an actual cover of 50%. Transect and random methods were likely to miss rare species entirely unless large numbers of quadrats were sampled. NCVS plots produced the most accurate cover estimates because they sampled the largest area. Total species richness calculated using semilog species-area curves was overestimated by transect and random sampling. Both multiscale methods, the modified Whittaker and the NCVS plots, overestimated species richness when patchiness was low, and underestimated it when patchiness was high. There was no clear distinction between the nested NCVS or the non-nested modified Whittaker plot for any of the measures assessed. For all sampling methods, cover and especially frequency estimates were highly variable, and depended on both the level of autocorrelation and the sampling method used. The spatial structure of the vegetation must be considered when choosing field sampling protocols or comparing results between studies that used different methods. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Sarah.Goslee@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 187 IS 2 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s11258-005-3495-x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 103QR UT WOS:000241902300005 ER PT J AU Tepperman, JM Hwang, YS Quail, PH AF Tepperman, James M. Hwang, Yong-Sic Quail, Peter H. TI phyA dominates in transduction of red-light signals to rapidly responding genes at the initiation of Arabidopsis seedling de-etiolation SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microarray; phytochromes; photosensory perception; signaling; transcriptional networks ID PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR-3; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; GENOME EXPRESSION; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; STEM GROWTH; PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS; PLANTS; PHOTOCONTROL; THALIANA; MUTANTS AB Contrary to expectations based on the visible phenotypic behavior of seedlings undergoing de-etiolation in response to continuous red light (Rc), previous gene expression profiling showed that one or more of the five-membered phytochrome (phy) family of Arabidopsis, other than phyB, is predominantly responsible for transducing the Rc signals to light-responsive genes. To begin to identify which phys are involved, and to define potential primary targets of phy signaling, we have examined the genome-wide expression profiles of genes responding to Rc within 1 h (early response genes) of initial exposure of dark-grown wild-type, phyA, phyB and phyAphyB double mutant seedlings to the light signal. The data show that phyA has a quantitatively dominant role in Rc-induced expression of these early response genes, that phyB has minimal detectable regulatory activity in the presence of phyA, but assumes a quantitatively larger role in its absence, and that phyA and phyB combined are responsible for the full extent of Rc responsiveness of 96% of these genes. No evidence was obtained of a significant role for the remaining family members, phyC, phyD or phyE, in this process. In striking contrast, Rc-imposed repression of early response gene expression remains quantitatively strong in the phyAphyB double mutant, as well as the monogenic mutants, suggesting a significant role for one or more of the other three phys in this response. Examination of the established or predicted functional roles of the early response genes indicates that genes encoding transcription factors represent the largest single category, at a frequency three times their prevalence genome-wide. This dominance is particularly striking among those genes responding most robustly to the Rc signal, where > 50% are classified as involved in transcriptional regulation, suggesting that these may have potentially primary regulatory roles at the interface between phy signaling and the light-responsive transcriptional network. Integration of the present data with those of a previous genome-scale transcriptional analysis of a pif3 mutant, suggests a complex network involving perception and transduction of inductive Rc signals by both phyA and phyB through both PIF3 and other undefined signaling partners to early response genes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 44 TC 97 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 728 EP 742 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02914.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 105PA UT WOS:000242042900007 PM 17076805 ER PT J AU Singh, J Zhang, S Chen, C Cooper, L Bregitzer, P Sturbaum, A Hayes, PM Lemaux, PG AF Singh, Jaswinder Zhang, Shibo Chen, Calvin Cooper, Laurel Bregitzer, Phil Sturbaum, Anne Hayes, Patrick M. Lemaux, Peggy G. TI High-frequency Ds remobilization over multiple generations in barley facilitates gene tagging in large genome cereals SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ac/Ds; barley; remobilization; transposon tagging ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT DS; TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS; POLYCOMB-GROUP GENE; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; T-DNA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; FLANKING SEQUENCES; REVERSE GENETICS; AC TRANSPOSITION AB Transposable elements have certain advantages over other approaches for identifying and determining gene function in large genome cereals. Different strategies have been used to exploit the maize Activator/dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposon system for functional genomics in heterologous species. Either large numbers of independent Ds insertion lines or transposants (TNPs) are generated and screened phenotypically, or smaller numbers of TNPs are produced, Ds locations mapped and remobilized for localized gene targeting. It is imperative to characterize key features of the system in order to utilize the latter strategy, which is more feasible in large genome cereals like barley and wheat. In barley, we generated greater than 100 single-copy Ds TNPs and determined remobilization frequencies of primary, secondary, and tertiary TNPs with intact terminal inverted repeats (TIRs); frequencies ranged from 11.8 to 17.1%. In 16% of TNPs that had damaged TIRs no transposition was detected among progeny of crosses using those TNPs as parental lines. In half of the greater than 100 TNP lines, the nature of flanking sequences and status of the 11 bp TIRs and 8-bp direct repeats were determined. BLAST searches using a gene prediction program revealed that 86% of TNP flanking sequences matched either known or putative genes, indicating preferential Ds insertion into genic regions, critical in large genome species. Observed remobilization frequencies of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary TNPs, coupled with the tendency for localized Ds transposition, validates a saturation mutagenesis approach using Ds to tag and characterize genes linked to Ds in large genome cereals like barley and wheat. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Singh, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jsingh@nature.berkeley.edu NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 62 IS 6 BP 937 EP 950 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-9067-1 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 104HL UT WOS:000241949400011 PM 17004014 ER PT J AU Ma, HX Zhang, KM Gao, L Bai, GH Chen, HG Cai, ZX Lu, WZ AF Ma, H. X. Zhang, K. M. Gao, L. Bai, G. H. Chen, H. G. Cai, Z. X. Lu, W. Z. TI Quantitative trait loci for resistance to fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in Wangshuibai wheat under field conditions SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol; fusarium head blight; molecular markers; QTLs; Triticum aestivum ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; SCAB RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; II RESISTANCE; QTL ANALYSIS; POPULATION; MICROSATELLITE AB Wangshuibai is a Chinese landrace wheat with a high level of resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. Using an F7 population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between Wangshuibai and Annong 8455 for molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance, the proportion of scabbed spikelets (PSS) and DON content were assessed under field conditions. Composite interval mapping revealed that two and three QTL were significantly associated with low PSS and low DON content, respectively, over 2 years. QTL on chromosomes 3B and 2A explained 17 and 11.5%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance for low PSS, whereas QTL on chromosomes 5A, 2A and 3B explained 12.4, 8.5 and 6.2%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance for low DON content. The 3B QTL appeared to be associated mainly with low PSS, and the 5A QTL primarily with low DON content in Wangshuibai. The 2A QTL had minor effects on both low PSS and DON content. Microsatellite and AFLP markers linked to these QTL should be useful for marker-assisted selection of QTL for low PSS and low DNA content from Wangshuibai. C1 Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ma, HX (reprint author), Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. EM mahx@jaas.ac.cn NR 40 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 55 IS 6 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01447.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 114LD UT WOS:000242666800003 ER PT J AU Crozier, J Thomas, SE Aime, MC Evans, HC Holmes, KA AF Crozier, J. Thomas, S. E. Aime, M. C. Evans, H. C. Holmes, K. A. TI Molecular characterization of fungal endophytic morphospecies isolated from stems and pods of Theobroma cacao SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basidiomycetes; biological control; cocoa; endophytes; rDNA phylogeny; Theobroma cacao ID PINUS-TABULAEFORMIS; PATHOGEN; ROT; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; PROGRESS; LEAVES; COCOA; TREE AB Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy stems and pods of cacao (Theobroma cacao) trees in natural forest ecosystems and agroecosystems in Latin America and West Africa. These fungi were collected for screening as a potential source of biocontrol agents for the basidiomycetous pathogens of cacao in South and Central America, Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) and Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches' broom). Many of these isolates were morphologically unidentifiable as they failed to form fruiting structures in culture, or only produced arthrosporic stages. Affinities with basidiomycetes were suspected for many of these based on colony morphology. Fifty-nine of these morphologically unidentifiable isolates were selected for molecular identification by DNA extraction and sequence analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The large subunit (LSU) was chosen for initial sequencing because this region has been used most often for molecular systematics of basidiomycete fungi, and comprehensive LSU datasets were already available for sequence analyses. Results confirmed that the majority of the isolates tested belonged to the Basidiomycota, particularly to corticoid and polyporoid taxa. With LSU data alone, identification of the isolates was resolved at varying taxonomic levels (all to order, most to family, and many to genus). Some of the isolates came from rarely isolated genera, such as Byssomerulius, whilst the most commonly isolated basidiomycetous endophyte was a member of the cosmopolitan genus Coprinellus (Agaricales). The role of these fungi within the host and their potential as biological control agents are discussed. C1 CABI UK Ctr, Ascot SL5 7TA, Berks, England. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crozier, J (reprint author), CABI UK Ctr, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7TA, Berks, England. EM j.crozier@cabi.org NR 41 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-0862 EI 1365-3059 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 55 IS 6 BP 783 EP 791 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01446.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 114LD UT WOS:000242666800009 ER PT J AU Mattoo, AK Sobolev, AP Neelam, A Goyal, RK Handa, AK Segre, AL AF Mattoo, Autar K. Sobolev, Anatoli P. Neelam, Anil Goyal, Ravinder K. Handa, Avtar K. Segre, Anna L. TI Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolite profiling of transgenic tomato fruit engineered to accumulate spermidine and spermine reveals enhanced anabolic and nitrogen-carbon interactions SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-ACID METABOLISM; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; INTRACELLULAR POLYAMINES; CELLULAR FUNCTIONS; GLYCINE BETAINE; POTATO PLANTS; TOBACCO; NMR; EXPRESSION; CHOLINE AB Polyamines are ubiquitous aliphatic amines that have been implicated in myriad processes, but their precise biochemical roles are not fully understood. We have carried out metabolite profiling analyses of transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit engineered to accumulate the higher polyamines spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) to bring an insight into the metabolic processes that Spd/Spm regulate in plants. NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed distinct metabolite trends in the transgenic and wild-type/azygous fruits ripened off the vine. Distinct metabolites (glutamine, asparagine, choline, citrate, fumarate, malate, and an unidentified compound A) accumulated in the red transgenic fruit, while the levels of valine, aspartic acid, sucrose, and glucose were significantly lower as compared to the control (wild-type and azygous) red fruit. The levels of isoleucine, glucose, gamma-aminobutyrate, phenylalanine, and fructose remained similar in the nontransgenic and transgenic fruits. Statistical treatment of the metabolite variables distinguished the control fruits from the transgenic fruit and provided credence to the pronounced, differential metabolite profiles seen during ripening of the transgenic fruits. The pathways involved in the nitrogen sensing/signaling and carbon metabolism seem preferentially activated in the high Spd/Spm transgenics. The metabolite profiling analysis suggests that Spd and Spm are perceived as nitrogenous metabolites by the fruit cells, which in turn results in the stimulation of carbon sequestration. This is seen manifested in higher respiratory activity and up-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase transcripts in the transgenic fruit compared to controls, indicating high metabolic status of the transgenics even late in fruit ripening. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CNR, Inst Chem Methodol, I-00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mattooa@ba.ars.usda.gov OI SOBOLEV, ANATOLY/0000-0001-8709-7666 NR 67 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1759 EP 1770 DI 10.1104/pp.106.084400 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 113TY UT WOS:000242621800035 PM 17041034 ER PT J AU Manoharan, M Dahleen, LS Hohn, TM Neate, SM Yu, XH Alexander, NJ McCormick, SP Bregitzer, P SchwarZ, PB Horsley, RD AF Manoharan, Muthusamy Dahleen, Lynn S. Hohn, Thomas M. Neate, Stephen M. Yu, Xiao-Hong Alexander, Nancy J. McCormick, Susan P. Bregitzer, Phil SchwarZ, Paul B. Horsley, Richard D. TI Expression of 3-OH trichothecene acetyltransferase in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and effects on deoxynivalenol SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium head blight; disease resistance; transformation; detoxificationy ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; REDUCED VIRULENCE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; WHEAT; GENE; GRAMINEARUM; 3-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; MYCOTOXINS; SYSTEM AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, has been the most destructive disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the USA since the early 1990s, resulting in large economic losses for growers. The fungus produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), a protein synthesis inhibitor, which is harmful to humans and livestock. Chemically modifying DON could reduce DON accumulation in the grain. We introduced Tri101, which encodes a 3-OH trichothecene acetyltransferase that converts DON to a less toxic acetylated form, into the cultivar Conlon through particle bombardment of callus in an attempt to detoxify DON. Southern analyses confirmed six independent integrations of Tri101 into the barley genome. Northern, Western and trichothecene acetyltransferase activity analyses confirmed the inheritance and expression of Tri101 in the progenies of three independent transgenic lines. Greenhouse tests of T-3 and T-4 transgenic lines showed a reduction in DON concentration; however, field tests of T-4 transgenic lines showed no reduction in DON accumulation. The field tests also showed the presence of somaclonal variation in the transgenic plants. The backcrossed transgenic lines were tested in the field and showed no reduction in DON accumulation. The backcrossed transgenic lines had reduced trichothecene acetyltransferase activity compared to the T-4 lines and DON levels comparable to wildtype Conlon barley under field tests. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res, Aberdeen, ID USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM dahleenl@fargo.usda.ars.gov NR 38 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 6 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.07.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 104EW UT WOS:000241940300007 ER PT J AU Imam, SH Gordon, SH Mohamed, A Harry-O'kuru, R Chiou, BS Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Imam, S. H. Gordon, S. H. Mohamed, A. Harry-O'kuru, R. Chiou, B. -S. Glenn, G. M. Orts, W. J. TI Enzyme catalysis of insoluble cornstarch granules: Impact on surface morphology, properties and biodegradability SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; enzyme modification; starch; biocatalysis; biopolymer; glucoamylase ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; BLOWN FILMS; STARCH; AMYLOSE; DEGRADATION AB Granular cornstarch was treated with microbial glucoamylase (50 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.5 at 30 degrees C, 150 rpm) for up to 8 h. Treated starch was recovered and evaluated for changes in granular morphology, chemical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity and impact on its biodegradability. As the enzyme treatment progressed, reducing sugars began to accumulate in the liquid culture media (total of 6% in 8 h) and the granule suffered roughly 6% weight loss within 8 h of incubation. While the granules appeared intact morphologically, numerous small pits developed throughout the surface of the granules as a result of the enzyme treatment. Even after 8 It of enzyme treatment, the pitted granules were not disrupted and remained intact. X-ray diffraction indicated no loss of crystallinity in the enzyme treated granules but rather an increase in relative crystallinity, suggesting that the enzyme preferentially catalyzed the anhydroglucose units in amorphous regions of the granule. These findings were further supported by FTIR data suggesting that granules become more resistant to enzyme attack as amorphous amylose is hydrolyzed faster than the crystalline amylopectin domains. These results also suggest that variations in the crystallinity of different types of starches have the potential to affect their rates of biodegradation. Enzyme treated starch granules exhibited resistance to biodegradation, and the degree of resistance was related to the length of enzyme treatment. Granules treated with enzyme for a total of 7 It and subjected to biodegradation in soil produced 40-50% less CO2 in a closed circuit respirometer compared to the untreated samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms showed an endothermic reaction with little change in the onset and peak temperatures indicating that glucoamylase started by degrading the starch granules from the surface. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM simam@pw.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 12 BP 2894 EP 2900 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.08.021 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 120MF UT WOS:000243088200011 ER PT J AU Stark, NM Matuana, LM AF Stark, Nicole M. Matuana, Laurent M. TI Influence of photostabilizers on wood flour - HDPE composites exposed to xenon-arc radiation with and without water spray SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE wood-plastic composites; weathering; wood flour; high-density polyethylene (HDPE); ultraviolet absorber; pigment ID DENSITY-POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOISTURE; SURFACE AB The weathering of wood-plastic composites changes their appearance and/or mechanical properties. These changes can be slowed through the addition of ultraviolet absorbers and pigments. The first phase of this study examined the effect of incorporating different concentrations of an ultraviolet absorber and/or pigment into wood-flour-filled high-density polyethylene (WF/HDPE) composites. Lightness and flexural properties of the composites were determined periodically during exposure to UV radiation and water spray in a xenon-arc type weathering apparatus. The influence of exposure type (UV radiation, with or without water spray) on the properties of photostabilized WF/HDPE composites was determined in the second phase of the study. The results showed that both ultraviolet absorbers and pigments provide protection against weathering of wood-plastic composites. The amount of protection can be influenced by both photostabilzer concentration and exposure variables. Published by Elsevier. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM nstark@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 64 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3048 EP 3056 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.08.003 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 120MF UT WOS:000243088200027 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, WJ AF Janisiewicz, W. J. TI Microbial interactions affecting stem-end blue mold decay of 'd' Anjou' pears SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stem-end decay; Penicillium expansum; biological control ID PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; POSTHARVEST DECAY; GRAY MOLD; FRUIT; ROT; INFECTION; STORAGE; STRAIN AB Stem-end decay of 'd'Anjou' pears caused by Penicillium expansum is the common decay of fruit kept in cold storage for extended periods of time. The succulent thick stems of 'd'Anjou' pear are prone to colonization by these fungi. We isolated bacteria and yeasts from surface of pear and apple fruits and evaluated them for their ability to colonize pear stem tissue. Populations of the best bacterial and yeasts colonizers increased by more than 2 log units within 3 d at 24 degrees C. They were then evaluated in cold storage at 1 degrees C for their ability to prevent infection of pear stems by a very aggressive strain of P. expansum, and a weakly pathogenic strain of a Penicillium sp. isolated from a pear stem. Only few isolates reduced stem-end decay. Two bacteria, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Enterobacter sp. promoted fungal infection of the stem and subsequent fruit decay. The abundance of decay promoting bacteria in some years may be responsible for the high incidence of stem-end decay in those years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.06.015 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 114QP UT WOS:000242681000002 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Stommel, JR Fung, RWM Wang, CY Whitaker, BD AF Smith, David L. Stommel, John R. Fung, Raymond W. M. Wang, Chien Y. Whitaker, Bruce D. TI Influence of cultivar and harvest method on postharvest storage quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Capsician annuum; water loss; chilling injury; harvest method; postharvest storage ID BARRIER PROPERTIES; TOMATO FRUIT; WATER-LOSS; RESISTANCE AB The principal physiological factors that negatively impact pepper fruit during shipment and storage and subsequent marketing are water loss and chilling injury. The current study evaluated the effect of harvest methodology on postharvest water loss from sweet bell pepper fruit and the potential relationship between water loss and chilling injury in cold-stored fruit. The influence of cultivar, epicuticular wax, and AOX gene expression on water loss and chilling injury were examined. Our results demonstrated that the degree of water loss in pepper fruit is subject to effects of genotype and pre- and postharvest environments as evidenced by year to year variation in fruit storage attributes. A comparison of pepper fruit harvest methods, wherein peduncles were either torn or cut, showed that harvest method had little effect on percent water loss. Observations on fruit water loss in relation to fruit size suggested that fruit cuticles are the primary barrier to water loss. A clear relationship between epicuticular wax content and fruit water loss was not evident. Cultivars varied in their susceptibility to chilling injury and fruit water loss was positively correlated with the severity of chilling injury. No correlation was found between endogenous AOX transcript levels and cultivar-specific susceptibility to chilling injury. The results illustrate the difficulty of identifying indices correlated with water loss that could be used to develop or identify cultivars with improved storability. We did, however, find that there are significant differences in storage attributes of pepper cultivars and that routine screening for water loss and chilling injury are advantageous for selection of cultivars most suitable for cold-storage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dsmith@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.06.013 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 114QP UT WOS:000242681000006 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Byrd, JA Knape, KD Anderson, RC Callaway, TR Edrington, T Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ AF Moore, R. W. Byrd, J. A. Knape, K. D. Anderson, R. C. Callaway, T. R. Edrington, T. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. TI The effect of an experimental chlorate product on Salmonella recovery of turkeys when administered prior to feed and water withdrawal SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; experimental chlorate-based product; Salmonella typhimurium ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SODIUM-CHLORATE; DRINKING-WATER; POULTRY LITTER; BROILER-CHICKENS; UNITED-STATES; TYPHIMURIUM; SUPPLEMENTATION; CAMPYLOBACTER; COLONIZATION AB Previously, an experimental chlorate product (ECP) has been observed to reduce Escherichia coli and Salmonella infections in swine, cattle, and broilers. The following studies were performed to investigate the effects of different concentrations and durations of administering ECP on crop and ceca Salmonella typhimurium (ST) colonization of turkeys. In 2 separate trials, each conducted with 2 replicates, 15-wk-old turkey toms were challenged with 10(7) to 10(9) cfu of ST. In Experiment 1, toms were administered 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0x of ECP (a 1.0x concentration is equivalent to a 15 mM chlorate ion concentration) in the drinking water for 38 h. In Experiment 2, toms were administered a 2x concentration of ECP in the drinking water for 0, 14, 26, or 38 h prior to water withdrawal. All treatments were followed by a 10-h water withdrawal and an 8-h feed withdrawal prior to organ sampling. In Experiment 1, turkeys provided ECP had significantly (P < 0.05) lower populations and incidences of crop (> 1.4 log reduction) and ceca (> 0.6 log reduction) ST as compared with control birds (2.1 and 0.94 log ST average for all trials, respectively), with little or no additional benefit from administration of higher ECP concentrations. In Experiment 2, toms provided ECP had lower populations of crop (> 2.2 log reduction) and ceca (> 1.5 log reduction) ST when compared with controls (3.1 and 1.8 log ST, respectively). Again, there appeared to be little benefit in longer administration intervals on quantitative reduction of ST. These experiments suggest that the ECP significantly reduces Salmonella colonization in commercial turkeys when administered prior to feed and water withdrawal. RP Moore, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rmoore@seprl.usda.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2101 EP 2105 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 107LM UT WOS:000242173100007 PM 17135663 ER PT J AU Hume, ME Clemente-Hernandez, S Oviedo-Rondnt, EO AF Hume, M. E. Clemente-Hernandez, S. Oviedo-Rondnt, E. O. TI Effects of feed additives and mixed Eimeria species infection on intestinal microbial ecology of broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial ecology; Eimeria species; essential oil; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESSENTIAL OIL; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; CHICKENS; MICROFLORA; POULTRY; GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; ALTERNATIVES AB Evaluation of digestive microbial ecology is necessary to understand effects of growth-promoting feed. In the current study, the dynamics of intestinal microbial communities (MC) were examined in broilers fed diets supplemented with a combination of antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) and ionophore (Coban 60), and diets containing I of 2 essential oil (EO) blends, Crina Poultry (CP) and Crina Alternate (CA). Five treatments were analyzed: 1) unmedicated uninfected control; 2) unmedicated infected control; 3) feed additives monensin (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) + monensin (Coban 60; AI); 4) EO blend CP; and 5) EO blend CA. Additives were mixed into a basal feed mixture, and EO were adjusted to 100 ppm. Chicks were infected by oral gavage at 19 d of age with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella. Duodenal, ileal, and cecal samples were taken from 12 birds per treatment just before and 7 d after challenge; 2 samples each were pooled to give a final number of 6 samples total; and all pooled samples were frozen until used for DNA extraction. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to examine PCR-amplified fragments of the bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA variable region. Results are presented as percentages of similarity coefficients (SC). Dendrograms of PCR amplicon or band patterns indicated MC differences due to intestinal location, feed additives, and cocci challenge. Essential oil blends CP and CA affected MC in all gut sections. Each EO had different effects over MC, and they differed in most instances from the AI group. The cocci challenge caused drastic MC population shifts in duodenal, ileal, and cecal sections (36.7, 55.4, and 36.2% SC, respectively). Diets supplemented with CP supported higher SC between pre- and postchallenge MC (89.9, 83.3, and 76.4%) than AI (81.8., 57.4, and 60.0%). We concluded that mixed coccidia challenge caused drastic shifts in MC. These EO blends modulated MC better than AI, avoiding drastic shifts after a mixed challenge. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM hume@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 35 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2106 EP 2111 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 107LM UT WOS:000242173100008 PM 17135664 ER PT J AU Dennis, R Zhang, HM Cheng, HW AF Dennis, R. Zhang, H. M. Cheng, H. W. TI Effect of selection for resistance and susceptibility to viral diseases on concentrations of dopamine and immunological parameters in six-week-old chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; genetic selection; dopamine; immunoglobulin G; viral disease ID LOW ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES; GENETIC SELECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; T-CELLS; LINES; VIRUS; PRODUCTIVITY; CHALLENGE; LONGEVITY AB White Leghorn chickens were inbred respectively from their parent lines, which were diversely selected for resistance (line 63) or susceptibility (lines 7(2) and 15I(5)) to Marek's disease and lymphoid leukosis. The differences in disease resistance may have been due to differential regulation of immune and neuroendocrine homeostasis. At 5 wk of age, chickens from the same line were randomly assigned to cages at 4 birds per cage. Blood samples were collected from the chickens at 6 wk of age (n = 10/line). Subsets of T lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+)) and B cells were measured using flow cytometry. Concentrations of plasma IgG and dopamine were quantified with ELISA and HPLC assay, respectively. Line 63 chickens had a higher percentage of CD8(+) cells but not CD4(+) cells than the chickens of the lines 7(2) and 15I(5) (P < 0.01). In contrast, both lines 7(2) and 15I(5) had a greater percentage of B cells (P < 0.01). The concentrations of plasma IgG and dopamine were also regulated differently among the lines; both were in an order of 7(2) > 15I(5) > 63 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). These results suggested that genetic selection for disease resistance also directly or indirectly modified the corresponding genetic components that govern the immune and neuroendocrine systems. The genetic lines of chickens may be used as animal models for investigation of the cellular mechanisms of genetic-environmental interactions on disease resistance. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2135 EP 2140 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 107LM UT WOS:000242173100013 PM 17135669 ER PT J AU Warnick, JP Chase, CA Rosskopf, EN Simonne, EH Scholberg, JM AF Warnick, J. P. Chase, C. A. Rosskopf, E. N. Simonne, E. H. Scholberg, J. M. TI Weed suppression with hydramulch, a biodegradable liquid paper mulch in development SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydramulch; biodegradable; mulch; organic; weed management ID POLYETHYLENE MULCH; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; FILM MULCH; YIELD; GROWTH; MOISTURE; TOMATOES; CYPERUS AB Cost-effective, laborsaving, and environmentally sound weed management practices are needed for sustainable vegetable production. Organic production, in particular, precludes the use of synthetic herbicides and requires that organic farmers utilize practices that reduce harmful environmental impact. Although polyethylene film mulch is used extensively in vegetable production in Florida, its use has a number of drawbacks, among which is the susceptibility of opaque polyethylene mulch to penetration by yellow and purple nutsedge. Appreciable labor and disposal/environmental costs are associated with its removal. A durable mulch material that would effectively control nutsedge and other weeds but with no associated environmental and disposal costs is highly desirable. Hydramulch, a paper-like material applied as a slurry consisting of cotton waste, newsprint, gypsum and a proprietary adhesive, was tested as a biodegradable alternative to polyethylene mulch during the spring of 2003. Experiments were conducted in southeastern and north-central Florida to compare the effects of three hydramulch formulations, polyethylene mulch and a no mulch control on soil temperature, soil moisture and weed infestation. Soil temperature under hydramulch was 1-4 degrees C lower than that under polyethylene. In the absence of rain, the use of hydramulch resulted in soil moisture levels that were 1-4% lower than with polyethylene mulch. Higher soil moisture with hydramulch than polyethylene was coincident with rainfall. Hydramulch remained intact on most beds and suppressed broadleaf weeds and grasses, particularly at the north-central site where the mulch was applied at a greater thickness. However, purple nutsedge readily penetrated hydramulch. Therefore, hydramulch may be applicable for use for the suppression of broadleaf weeds and grasses at sites with little or no nutsedge pressure in fall or in crops for which cooler soils are desirable or crops that are rainfed or overhead irrigated. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Rosies Organ Farm, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. Farming Syst Res Inc, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. RP Chase, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, 1301 Fifield Hall,POB 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cach@ifas.ufl.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1079/RAF2006154 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 103IT UT WOS:000241879600002 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Half, ML AF Sheley, Roger L. Half, Melissa L. TI Enhancing native forb establishment and persistence using a rich seed mixture SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centaurea maculosa; Echinacea angustifolia; native forbs; rangelands; restoration ID PLANT COMMUNITY; COMPETITION; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; WEEDS; DISTURBANCE; LIMITATION AB Establishing native forbs is crucial for invasive plant management and restoring a desirable plant community. Our objectives were to determine (1) if increasing forb seed density results in increased forb establishment; (2) if a species-rich mixture of forbs has greater establishment and survivorship than a single species; and (3) if mixtures of forbs are more competitive with Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) than a forb monoculture. To test our first two objectives, we seeded monocultures of Purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia), Arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata), Annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Dotted gayfeather (Liatris punctata), Western white yarrow (Achillea millefolium), Sticky geranium (Geranium viscosissimum), as well as a mixture of all forbs. Pots were seeded at 800 or 2,000 seeds/m(2) and watered twice or thrice weekly. The highest seed density produced the highest plant density, which averaged 4.35 plants/pot. The density of the mixture was similar to the mean density seen for individual species, and it doubled in response to the highest seed density. To test our third objective, Spotted knapweed and Purple coneflower were arranged in an addition series matrix with a maximum total density of 4,000 seeds/pot. We found that the forb mixture was seven times more competitive with Spotted knapweed than Purple coneflower alone. Using a mixture of forbs rather than a single species enhances forb establishment in various and unpredictable environments because the mixture possesses a variety of traits that may match year-year and site-site conditions. Once established, the mixture may have a greater chance of persisting than a monoculture. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59520 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 35 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 627 EP 635 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00174.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108KP UT WOS:000242239000016 ER PT J AU Seale, JL Regmi, A AF Seale, James L., Jr. Regmi, Anita TI Modeling international consumption patterns SO REVIEW OF INCOME AND WEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADDITIVE DEMAND SYSTEM; EXPENDITURE AB This article addresses a number of key problems commonly confronted in the literature on international demand analysis. These include data issues and requirements, multistage budgeting, outliers, group heteroskedasticity, and model selection. A two-stage demand system is fit to International Comparison Programme data for 114 countries for nine aggregate categories and eight food sub-categories of goods. Outliers are identified and omitted from the sample. Parameter estimates for the two stages are obtained with a maximum-likelihood procedure that corrects for group heteroskedasticity. Country-specific income and own-price elasticities are calculated and indicate that poor countries are more responsive to changes in income and prices than rich countries. We also find evidence for the strong version of Engel's law; when income doubles, the budget share of food declines by approximately 0.10. C1 Univ Florida, FRE, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Seale, JL (reprint author), Univ Florida, FRE, POB 110240, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jseale@ufl.edu NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-6586 J9 REV INCOME WEALTH JI Rev. Income Wealth PD DEC PY 2006 IS 4 BP 603 EP 624 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 115ZJ UT WOS:000242772000006 ER PT J AU Scott, A Zepeda, C Garber, L Smith, J Swayne, D Rhorer, A Kellar, J Shimshony, A Batho, H Caporale, V Giovannini, A AF Scott, A. Zepeda, C. Garber, L. Smith, J. Swayne, D. Rhorer, A. Kellar, J. Shimshony, A. Batho, H. Caporale, V. Giovannini, A. TI The concept of compartmentalisation SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE compartment; compartmentalisation; foreign animal disease; region; risk assessment; trade risk; zone AB The rationale for establishing trade 'regions' and 'zones' is based on principles of epidemiological science and risk analysis that assess and manage animal disease risks so that the safety of trade can be ensured. However, the boundaries of geographical regions and zones may readily be breached through numerous epidemiological pathways. The concept of a 'compartment' extends the application of a 'risk boundary' beyond that of a geographical interface and considers all epidemiological factors that can contribute to the creation of an effective boundary. The fundamental requirement for application of either concept (regions/zones or compartments) is that the population considered for trade is maintained within management or geographical boundaries which allow clear epidemiological differentiation to be made between those animals and surrounding populations of higher risk. Seven factors are presented that an exporting country might use to guide the identification and documentation of a compartment. Additionally, the steps that would be undertaken to implement trade based on the compartmentalisation concept are discussed. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Natl Poultry Improvement Plan, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Conyers, GA 30094 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Anim Prod Directorate, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. Koret Sch Vet Med, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Hlth & Consumer Protect, Directorate Food Safety E, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. Ist Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Abruzzo & Molise, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. RP Scott, A (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Giovannini, Armando/B-9828-2013 OI Giovannini, Armando/0000-0001-5006-5564 NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 873 EP 879 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 137PJ UT WOS:000244304200001 PM 17361758 ER PT J AU Fan, ZS Casey, FXM Larsen, GL Hakk, H AF Fan, Zhaosheng Casey, Francis X. M. Larsen, Gerald L. Hakk, Heldur TI Fate and transport of 1278-TCDD, 1378-TCDD, and 1478-TCDD in soil-water systems SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE dioxin; soil; sorption; batch experiment; miscible-displacement experiment ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; SORPTION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; CONTAMINANTS; GROUNDWATER; DEGRADATION; COLUMN AB The most toxic dioxin is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCDD), and obtaining comprehensive experimental data for this compound is challenging. However, several nontoxic isomers of 2378-TCDD exist, and can provide significant experimental evidence about this highly toxic dioxin. The goal of this study was to obtain experimental evidence for the fate and transport of 2378-TCDD in natural soils using its nontoxic isomers, 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1278-TCDD), 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1378-TCDD), and 1,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1478-TCDD). Batch sorption and miscible-displacement experiments, in various soils, were done using [4-(14)C]-radiolabeled TCDDs, while metabolism of these compounds was monitored. The results from the batch experiments indicated a high sorption affinity of all the TCDD isomers to soils and a strong correlation to organic matter (OM) content. 1278-TCDD, 1378-TCDD and 1478-TCDD (TCDDs) were more tightly bound to the soil with high OM than to the soil with low OM; however, it took a longer contact time to approach sorption equilibrium of TCDDs in the soil with high OM. Miscible-displacement breakthrough curves indicated chemical nonequilibrium, transport, where there was a rate-limited or kinetic sorption that was likely caused by OM. Combustion analyses of extracted soil from the soil columns showed that most TCDDs were adsorbed in the top 1-5 cm of the column. These column combustion results also showed that sorption was correlated to specific surface and soil depth, which suggested the possibility of colloidal transport. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM francis.casey@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 1-3 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.07.024 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DH UT WOS:000242431100032 PM 16942790 ER PT J AU Mitchelmore, CL Rice, CP AF Mitchelmore, Carys L. Rice, Clifford P. TI Correlations of nonylphenol-ethoxylates and nonylphenol with biomarkers of reproductive function in carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the Cuyahoga River SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carp; fish; cuyahoga river; nonylphenol; biomarkers; vitellogenin ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ESTROGENIC RESPONSES; GONADAL MORPHOLOGY; FISH-TISSUES; FERAL CARP; WILD CARP; IN-VITRO; 4-NONYLPHENOL AB Various chemical and biological measures were determined in carp (Cyprinus carpio) sampled from seven sites along the Cuyahoga River, Ohio; from the relatively pristine headwaters to the lower portion heavily polluted from various industrial, urban and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Levels of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenot ethoxylates (NPEs; NP1EO, NP2EO) and total NPEs (NP plus the NPEs) in fish increased in a downstream direction, with maximal values observed below the discharge of the Akron WWTP. In female fish there were no significant differences between sites in GSI or levels of vitellogenin (VTG) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2). However, differences were observed between sites using measures of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and the ratio\ E2/11-KT. In male fish the highest levels of VTG were observed downstream of the Akron WWTP and a significant correlation (r=85%) between levels of NP and VTG was demonstrated. No site differences were observed in the measures of GSI, E2, 11-KT or the E2/11-KT ratio in male fish. These data suggest that endocrine active chemicals, such as, NP and NPEs are impacting fish downstream of the Akron WWTP; however, further work is warranted to separate linkages to other possible chemical factors in the water. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mitchelmore, CL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM mitchelmore@cbl.umces.edu RI Mitchelmore, Carys/E-5278-2012 OI Mitchelmore, Carys/0000-0003-1373-4479 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 1-3 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.049 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DH UT WOS:000242431100039 PM 17055032 ER PT J AU de Koff, JP Graham, RC Hubbert, KR Wohlgemuth, PM AF de Koff, Jason P. Graham, Robert C. Hubbert, Ken R. Wohlgemuth, Peter M. TI Prefire and postfire erosion of soil nutrients within a chaparral watershed SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prescribed burn; hillslope sediment; chaparral watershed; nutrient erosion; prescibed fire ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; PONDEROSA PINE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES; FOREST; DEPOSITION; ASH; PHOSPHORUS; ECOSYSTEM AB Prescribed burns are an effective and increasingly popular strategy for inhibiting wildfires. The goal of this study was to characterize soil nutrient loss after a prescribed fire within a chaparral watershed in southern California. The study compared hillslope sediments for approximately 1 year before the fire with those during the year after the fire. Samples were collected in 11 sediment traps located randomly along fall line transects throughout a steep, 0.65-ha watershed (similar to 65% average slope). Concentrations of soluble ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, Ca, Mg, K, and Na, exchangeable ammonium nitrogen, and total C and N were analyzed. Sediment production averaged approximately 1600 g per sediment trap for the entire year before the fire but increased to approximately 10,700 g for the year after the fire. The average sedimentation rates for the less than 2-mm fraction doubled from a prefire rate of 2.7 to 7.5 g d(-1) after the fire and increased to 86 g d(-1) after the first major rain event after the fire. The greatest concentrations of soluble and exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) in the eroded sediment were measured at the first sampling date after the fire. Input and microbial mineralization of fresh organic matter approximately 4 months after the fire is believed to be the source of increases in the concentrations of soluble nitrate nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus and exchangeable ammonium nitrogen. Our findings indicate that prescribed fire may cause less loss of N and P than wildfires. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Soil & Water Sci Program, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Graham, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Soil & Water Sci Program, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM robert.graham@ucr.edu NR 87 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 915 EP 928 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000235231.02063.c2 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 117PT UT WOS:000242886000001 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM AF Sainju, Upendra M. TI Carbon and nitrogen pools in soil aggregates separated by dry and wet sieving methods SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggregate separation method; soil aggregates; carbon pools; nitrogen pools ID NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SIZE CLASSES; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; CULTIVATED SOILS; COVER CROPS; TILLAGE; MINERALIZATION; STABILIZATION AB Soil aggregation influences conservation and mineralization of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), but aggregate separation method may influence levels of aggregate size distribution and quantification of C and N pools. Aggregate size distribution and soil organic C, soil total N, particulate organic C and N, microbial biomass C and N, potential C and N mineralization, NH4-N, and NO3-N concentrations in aggregates separated by dry and wet sieving methods were compared. The potential C and N mineralization, and microbial biomass C and N are considered as active pools, soil organic C and soil total N as slow pools, particulate organic C and N as intermediate pools, and NH4-N and NO3-N as available pools. Aggregate separation was made in soil samples from 0-to 5- and 5- to 20-cm depths with various properties and cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. Aggregate amount was higher in dry than in wet sieving in the 4.75- to 2.00-mm size class, but the amount was higher in wet than in dry sieving in the 2.00- to 0.25-mm class in all sites, except in Sidney. In cultivated soil, no definite trends in C pools in aggregates were observed between sieving methods. In no-till grassland soil, C pools were higher in dry than in wet sieving in the less than 0.25-mm fractions, but the trend reversed in the greater than 2.00-mm fractions. In all fractions, active and available N pools were 2- to 30-fold higher in dry than in wet sieving probably because of loss of water-soluble N during wet sieving. Both C and N pools, except active C pools, in aggregates were usually higher in the less than 0.25-mm than in the other fractions, regardless of sieving methods. Aggregate size distribution and C and N pools determined by dry and wet sieving were well correlated, except for active N pools. Dry sieving of moist soil (water content around 25% field capacity) can be used as a rapid and reliable method of separating soil aggregates for determining C and N pools compared with wet sieving, which reduces microbial activities and N mineralization because of the destruction of physical habitat of microbial communities in aggregates and excludes water-soluble C and N pools. C1 USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 36 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 937 EP 949 DI 10.1097/01.ss0000228062.30958.5a PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 117PT UT WOS:000242886000003 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Zhang, MC Sparrow, S AF Sharratt, Brenton Zhang, Mingchu Sparrow, Stephen TI Twenty years of tillage research in subarctic Alaska - I. Impact on soil strength, aggregation, roughness, and residue cover SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; residue management; soil stability; soil erosion ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER EVAPORATION; STRAW MANAGEMENT; NO-TILLAGE; BARLEY; NITROGEN; GROWTH; YIELD AB Soil properties and surface characteristics affecting wind erosion can be manipulated through tillage and crop residue management. Little information exists, however, that describes the impact of long term tillage and residue management on soil properties in the subarctic region of the United States. This study examines the impact of 20 years of tillage and residue management on a broad range of physical properties that govern wind erosion processes on a silt loam in interior Alaska. A strip plot experimental design was established in 1983 and included intensive tillage (autumn and spring disk), spring disk, autumn chisel plow, and no tillage with straw either retained on or removed from the soil surface. Soil and residue properties measured after sowing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in May 2004 included penetration resistance, soil water content, shear stress, bulk density, random roughness, aggregate size distribution, and residue cover and biomass. No tillage was characterized by larger aggregates, greater soil strength (penetration resistance and shear stress), wetter soil, and greater residue cover compared to all other tillage treatments. Despite crop failures the previous 2 years, crop residue management influenced residue biomass and cover, but not soil properties. Autumn chisel and spring disk appeared to be viable minimum tillage options to intensive tillage in controlling erosion. Autumn chisel and spring disk promoted greater roughness, aggregation, and residue cover as compared with intensive tillage. Although no tillage appeared to be the most effective management strategy for mitigating wind erosion, no tillage was not a sustainable practice due to lack of weed control. No tillage also resulted in the formation of an organic layer on the soil surface over the past 20 years, which has important ramifications for long term crop production in the subarctic where the mean annual temperature is < 0 degrees C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 2213 LI Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sharratt@wsu.edu NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.11.006 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097YV UT WOS:000241487100009 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Zhang, MC Sparrow, S AF Sharratt, Brenton Zhang, Mingchu Sparrow, Stephen TI Twenty years of conservation tillage research in subarctic Alaska - II. Impact on soil hydraulic properties SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE infiltration; soil water retention; soil water; hydraulic conductivity ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; AIR PERMEABILITY; WATER; INFILTRATION; MACROPOROSITY; SYSTEM; WHEAT; CONDUCTIVITY; YIELD AB Soil management practices are needed in the subarctic that stabilize the soil against the forces of wind and water as well as conserve soil water for crop production. There is a paucity of information, however, regarding the long-term effects of conservation tillage on soil hydraulic properties in subarctic Alaska. The objective of this study was therefore to characterize infiltration, water retention, and saturated hydraulic conductivity of a soil 20 years after establishing tillage and straw management treatments in interior Alaska. The strip plot experimental design, established on a silt loam and maintained in continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), included tillage as the main treatment and straw management as the secondary treatment. Tillage treatments included no tillage, autumn chisel plow, spring disk, and intensive tillage (autumn and spring disk) while straw treatments included retaining or removing stubble and loose straw from the soil surface after harvest. Soil properties were measured after sowing in spring 2004; saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured by the falling-head method, infiltration was measured using a double-ring infiltrometer, and water retention was assessed by measuring the temporal variation in in-situ soil water content. No tillage resulted in greater saturated hydraulic conductivity and generally retained more water against gravitational and matric forces than other tillage treatments. Infiltration was greater in autumn chisel plow than other tillage treatments and was presumably suppressed in no tillage by an organic layer overlying mineral soil. Infiltration was also enhanced by retaining straw on rather than removing straw from the soil surface after harvest. No tillage is not yet a sustainable management practice in this region due to lack of weed control strategies. In addition, the formation of an organic layer in no tillage has important ramifications for the soil hydrological and thermal environment. Therefore, minimum tillage (i.e., autumn chisel plow or spring disk) appears to be a viable management option for maximizing infiltration in interior Alaska. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sharratt@wsu.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.01.010 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097YV UT WOS:000241487100010 ER PT J AU Daughtry, CST Doraiswamy, PC Hunt, ER Stern, AJ McMurtrey, JE Prueger, JH AF Daughtry, C. S. T. Doraiswamy, P. C. Hunt, E. R., Jr. Stern, A. J. McMurtrey, J. E., III Prueger, J. H. TI Remote sensing of crop residue cover and soil tillage intensity SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crop residue cover; soil tillage intensity; conservation tillage; remote sensing; cellulose absorption index; hyperion; Landsat ID SHORTWAVE INFRARED REFLECTANCE; PLANT LITTER; CARBON AB Management of plant litter or crop residues in agricultural fields is an important consideration for reducing soil erosion and increasing soil organic C. Current methods of quantifying crop residue cover are inadequate for characterizing the spatial variability of residue cover within fields or across large regions. Our objectives were to evaluate several spectral indices for measuring crop residue cover using satellite multispectral and hyperspectral data and to categorize soil tillage intensity in agricultural fields. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and EO-1 Hyperion imaging spectrometer data were acquired over agricultural fields in central Iowa in May and June 2004. Crop residue cover was measured in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr.) fields using line-point transects. Spectral residue indices using Landsat TM bands were weakly related to crop residue cover. With the Hyperion data, crop residue cover was linearly related to the cellulose absorption index (CAI), which measures the relative intensity of cellulose and lignin absorption features near 2100 nm. Coefficients of determination (r(2)) for crop residue cover as a function of CAI were 0.85 for the May and 0.77 for the June Hyperion data. Three tillage intensity classes, corresponding to intensive (< 15% residue cover), reduced (15-30% cover) and conservation (> 30% cover) tillage, were correctly identified in 66-68% of fields. Classification accuracy increased to 80-82% for two classes, corresponding to conventional (intensive + reduced) and conservation tillage. By combining information on previous season's (2003) crop classification with crop residue cover after planting in 2004, an inventory of soil tillage intensity by previous crop type was generated for the whole Hyperion scene. Regional surveys of soil management practices that affect soil conservation and soil C dynamics are possible using advanced multispectral or hyperspectral imaging systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cdaughtry@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.11.013 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097YV UT WOS:000241487100013 ER PT J AU Pengthamkeerati, P Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ Anderson, SH AF Pengthamkeerati, P. Motavalli, P. P. Kremer, R. J. Anderson, S. H. TI Soil compaction and poultry litter effects on factors affecting nitrogen availability in a claypan soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE compaction; bulk density; poultry litter; N mineralization; claypan soil ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SURFACE COMPACTION; N-MINERALIZATION; CORN GROWTH; TILLAGE; RESIDUE; RUNOFF; CARBON; MANURE AB Soil compaction may affect N mineralization and the subsequent fate of N in agroecosystems. Laboratory incubation and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of surface soil compaction on soil N mineralization in a claypan soil amended with poultry litter (i.e., Turkey excrement mixed with pine shavings as bedding). In a laboratory study, soil from the surface horizon of a Mexico silt loam soil was compacted to four bulk density levels (1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m(-3)) with and without poultry litter and incubated at 25 degrees C for 42 days. A field trial planted to corn (Zea mays L.) was also conducted in 2002 on a Mexico silt loam claypan soil in North Central Missouri. Soil was amended with litter (0 and 19 Mg ha(-1)) and left uncompacted or uniformly compacted. Soil compaction decreased soil inorganic N by a maximum of 1.8 times in the laboratory study; this effect was also observed at all depths of the field trial. Compacted soil with a litter amendment accumulated NH4+-N up to 7.2 times higher than the noncompacted, litter-amended soil until Day 28 of the laboratory incubation and in the beginning of the growing season of the field study. Ammonium accumulation may have been due to decreased soil aeration under compacted conditions. Application of litter increased soil N mineralization throughout the growing season. In the laboratory study, soil inorganic N in unamended soil was negatively correlated with soil bulk density and the proportion of soil micropores, but was positively related with soil total porosity and the proportion of soil macropores. These results indicate that soil compaction, litter application and climate are interrelated in their influences on soil N mineralization in agroecosystems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kasetsart Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Pengthamkeerati, P (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. EM fsciptp@ku.ac.th NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.11.008 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097YV UT WOS:000241487100014 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ Camp, CR AF Busscher, W. J. Bauer, P. J. Camp, C. R. TI Cotton management in a compacted subsurface microirrigated coastal plain soil of the southeastern US SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microirrigation; compaction; deep tillage; chisel; hard layer; disk; acrisol ID CROP WATER-USE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOT-GROWTH; TILLAGE; YIELD; IRRIGATION; STRENGTH; RESISTANCE; CORN AB A loamy sand Acrisol (Aquic Hapludult) that had been microirrigated for 6 years became so severely compacted that it had root limiting values of soil cone index in the Ap horizon and a genetic hardpan below it. Deep and surface tillage systems were evaluated for their ability to alleviate compaction. Deep tillage included subsoiling or none. Both deep tillage treatments were also surface tilled by disking, chiseling, or not tilling. Subsoiling was located in row or between rows to avoid microirrigation tubes (laterals) that were buried under every other mid row or every row. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was planted in 0.96-m wide rows. Cotton yield was improved by irrigation from 485 to 1022 kg ha(-1) because both 2001 and 2002 were dry years. Tillage loosened the soil by an average of 0.5-1.3 MPa; but compacted zones remained outside tilled areas. Subsoiling improved yield by 131 kg ha(-1) when performed in row where laterals were placed in the mid rows; but subsoiling did not improve yield when it was performed in mid rows. For subsurface irrigation management in these soils, the treatment with laterals buried under every other mid row was able to accommodate in-row subsoiling which improved yield; and this treatment was just as productive as and had been shown to be less expensive to install than burying laterals under every row. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM busscher@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.12.001 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097YV UT WOS:000241487100019 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Sumerford, DV Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC Calvin, DD AF Prasifka, J. R. Sumerford, D. V. Hellmich, R. L. Lewis, L. C. Calvin, D. D. TI Sampling European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) larvae from seed corn drying bins for Bt resistance monitoring SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI; INSECT RESISTANCE; F-2 SCREEN; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; STATISTICS AB Monitoring for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins in transgenic crops is challenging, in part because alleles conferring resistance appear to be rare. Consequently, several complementary methods are used to identify, collect and test putatively resistant individuals. A series of experiments conducted at commercial seed production facilities explored an alternative sampling method. Larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, were collected from bins containing Bt hybrid seed corn and their inbred progeny (both F-2 and backcross-F-2 larvae) were tested for resistance to the Bt toxin Cry1Ab. Marked, laboratory-reared O. nubilalis larvae also were placed beneath drying corn ears to evaluate potential contamination of samples by larvae developing on non-Bt corn. Both feral and laboratory-reared larvae were used to examine the causes and levels of mortality of larvae in drying bins. Screening of larvae on diet containing Cry1Ab failed to provide evidence of resistance, although insufficient inbred lines survived to make conclusions about the presence of resistance alleles in larvae originally collected beneath Bt corn. Both larvae from previously dried non-Bt corn and O. nubilalis moving between adjacent bins are potential sources of contamination of larvae collected beneath drying Bt corn. Exposure to conditions inside seed corn drying bins for 3 d significantly increased O. nubilalis mortality. Larvae collected beneath seed corn also showed infection by the pathogens Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, with significant mortality apparently caused by B. bassiana. While contamination and mortality may limit the application of sampling beneath drying bins, several modifications could improve the potential utility of the technique. C1 Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab Insectary, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab Insectary, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 269 EP 279 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 121LV UT WOS:000243160000001 ER PT J AU Chen, TY Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ AF Chen, Tian-Ye Chu, Chang-chi Henneberry, Thomas J. TI Frankliniella occidentalis colonization on okra- and normal-leaf cotton strains and cultivars SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SPIDER-MITES ACARI; PINK-BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BIOTYPE-B COLONIZATION; WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; BEMISIA-TABACI; GREENHOUSE CUCUMBER; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; FIELD POPULATIONS; COLOR PREFERENCE; TRAP CATCHES AB With blue sticky card traps as sampling tools, populations of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), developing on normal-leaf and okra-leaf upland cotton strains and cultivars, were studied in the field in 2003 and 2004. Five normal-leaf and three okra-leaf strains and cultivars were included in the 2003 studies, and four normal-leaf and four okra-leaf strains and cultivars were studied in 2004. F. occidentalis caught on blue sticky card traps in okra-leaf strain and cultivar plots were significantly greater compared with normal-leaf strain and cultivar plots during both years of the study. Okra-leaf shape and normal-leaf shape sticky card trap studies were conducted in the field to determine if these features contributed to F. occidentalis' preference for okra-leaf cultivars. Significantly more F. occidentalis were caught on the trap edges compared with the interiors of sticky card traps of either shape. Okra-leaf shape sticky card traps with larger perimeters caught more F. occidentalis than normal-leaf shape sticky card traps with smaller perimeters. When okra-leaf cotton strains and cultivars are considered for selection for resistance to B. tabaci or other pests, the possible preference of F. occidentalis for the okra-leaf strains and cultivars should be considered. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Chen, TY (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 281 EP 287 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 121LV UT WOS:000243160000002 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Garcia-Gutierrez, C Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR Jackson, MA AF Behle, R. W. Garcia-Gutierrez, C. Tamez-Guerra, P. McGuire, M. R. Jackson, M. A. TI Pathogenicity of blastospores and conidia of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus against larvae of the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; COLEOPTERA; BIOASSAY; FUNGI AB The effects of blastospores and conidia of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were compared for insecticidal activity against 3-day old larvae of Mexican bean beetle (MBB), Epilachna varivestis Mulsant. Blastospores of P. fumosoroseus were produced using strain ARSEF 3581 grown in a liquid basal medium, whereas conidia were produced on potato dextrose agar. Initial insecticidal activity was demonstrated with a single-dosage dipped-leaf assay using a concentration of 1 x 10(8) conidia or blastospores/mL. Blastospores, conidia, and no fungus control treatments averaged 90%, 86%, and 19% larval mortality, respectively, after 3-day continuous exposure. Subsequently, a dosage response assay was completed to compare two assay conditions, dipped-leaf and topical application techniques. Five spore concentrations, 1.2x10(9), 2.4x10(8), 4.8x10(7), 9.6x10(6), and 1.9X10(6) spores/mL, were prepared and used for both assay techniques. For the dipped-leaf technique, 25 larvae were exposed to treated leaf disks, five larvae to each of five treated leaf disks per spore concentration. For the topical assay, 5 mu L was applied directly to each of 25 larvae for each spore concentration. After 3-day incubation, blastospores of P. fumosoroseus showed higher activity than conidia, and the topical application technique was more effective (lower LC50 values and lower X-2 values) than the dipped leaf assay technique. This research demonstrates the insecticidal activity of P. fumosoroseus on MBB and provides a comparison of two basic bioassay techniques that may be useful in future research on this topic. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 121LV UT WOS:000243160000003 ER PT J AU Schaefer, RR Fagan, JF AF Schaefer, Richard R. Fagan, Jesse F. TI Commensal foraging by a fan-tailed warbler (Euthlypis lachrymosa) with a nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in southwestern Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CAPUCHIN MONKEYS; ASSOCIATION; SEABIRDS AB Many interspecific commensal foraging interactions involving birds have been documented. We describe an observation of commensal foraging by a fan-tailed warbler (Euthlypis lachrymosa) with a nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Guerrero, southwestern Mexico. Our observation is similar to those reported from El Salvador by (Komar and Hanks, 2002) and indicates this association between fan-tailed warblers and nine-bandcd armadillos is more widespread than previously reported. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn,USDA,Forest Serv, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Schaefer, RR (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn,USDA,Forest Serv, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM rschaefer01@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 560 EP 562 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[560:CFBAFW]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 130BL UT WOS:000243774000017 ER PT J AU Jakse, J Telgmann, A Jung, C Khar, A Melgar, S Cheung, F Town, CD Havey, MJ AF Jakse, Jernej Telgmann, Alexa Jung, Christian Khar, Anil Melgar, Sergio Cheung, Foo Town, Christopher D. Havey, Michael J. TI Comparative sequence and genetic analyses of asparagus BACs reveal no microsynteny with onion or rice SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LIVERWORT MARCHANTIA-POLYMORPHA; Y-CHROMOSOME; SEX-CHROMOSOME; GRASS GENOMES; ORTHOLOGOUS REGION; NUCLEAR GENOMES; CANNABIS-SATIVA; OFFICINALIS L; ALLIUM-CEPA; MAIZE AB The Poales (includes the grasses) and Asparagales [includes onion (Allium cepa L.) and asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)] are the two most economically important monocot orders. The Poales are a member of the commelinoid monocots, a group of orders sister to the Asparagales. Comparative genomic analyses have revealed a high degree of synteny among the grasses; however, it is not known if this synteny extends to other major monocot groups such as the Asparagales. Although we previously reported no evidence for synteny at the recombinational level between onion and rice, microsynteny may exist across shorter genomic regions in the grasses and Asparagales. We sequenced nine asparagus BACs to reveal physically linked genic-like sequences and determined their most similar positions in the onion and rice genomes. Four of the asparagus BACs were selected using molecular markers tightly linked to the sex-determining M locus on chromosome 5 of asparagus. These BACs possessed only two putative coding regions and had long tracts of degenerated retroviral elements and transposons. Five asparagus BACs were selected after hybridization of three onion cDNAs that mapped to three different onion chromosomes. Genic-like sequences that were physically linked on the cDNA-selected BACs or genetically linked on the M-linked BACs showed significant similarities (e < -20) to expressed sequences on different rice chromosomes, revealing no evidence for microsynteny between asparagus and rice across these regions. Genic-like sequences that were linked in asparagus were used to identify highly similar (e < -20) expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of onion. These onion ESTs mapped to different onion chromosomes and no relationship was observed between physical or genetic linkages in asparagus and genetic linkages in onion. These results further indicate that synteny among grass genomes does not extend to a sister order in the monocots and that asparagus may not be an appropriate smaller genome model for plants in the Asparagales with enormous nuclear genomes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53707 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Agron, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Univ Kiel, Plant Breeding Inst, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53707 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu OI Jakse, Jernej/0000-0002-8907-1627; KHAR, ANIL/0000-0002-1972-3300 NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0407-y PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 107ER UT WOS:000242154000004 PM 17016688 ER PT J AU Olien, CR Livingston, DP AF Olien, C. Robert Livingston, David P., III TI Understanding freeze stress in biological tissues: Thermodynamics of interfacial water SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE freezing stress; ice adhesion; activation energy; latent heat; equilibrium freezing; non-equilibrium freezing ID PLANT-TISSUE; ENERGIES AB A thermodynamic approach to distinguish forms of freeze energy that injure plants as the temperature decreases is developed. The pattern resulting from this analysis dictated the sequence of thermal requirements for water to exist as an independent state. Improvement of freezing tolerance in biological systems depends on identification of a specific form of stress, just as control of a disease depends on identification of the pathogen causing the disease. The forms of energy that stress hydrated systems as temperature decreases begin with disruption of biological function from chill injury that occurs above freezing. Initiation of non-equilibrium freezing with sufficient free energy to drive disruptive effects can occur in a supercooled system. As the temperature continues to decrease and freezing occurs in an equilibrium manner, adhesion at hydrated interfaces contributes to disruptive effects as protoplasts contract by freeze-dehydration. If protective systems are able to prevent injury from direct interactions with ice, passive effects of freeze-dehydration may cause injury at lower temperatures. The temperature range in which an injury occurs is an indicator of the form of energy causing stress. The form of energy is thus a primary guide for selection of a protective mechanism. An interatomic force model whose response to temperature change corresponds with the enthalpy pattern might help define freeze stress from a unique perspective. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Raleigh, NC 27502 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27502 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27502 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 451 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2006.08.014 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 121FG UT WOS:000243142900009 ER PT J AU Deng, M Schneider, WL Allison, RF AF Deng, Min Schneider, William L. Allison, Richard F. TI Synthesis of minus-strand copies of a viral transgene during viral infections of transgenic plants SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RNA recombination; bromovirus ID 3' UNTRANSLATED REGION; BROME MOSAIC-VIRUS; RNA; RECOMBINATION; GENOME; GENES; RESTORATION; REPLICATION; TRANSCRIPTS; PROTECTION AB Viral transgenes designed to provide resistance to specific plant viruses frequently consist of the coat protein gene and a contiguous 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of viral origin. In many RNA viruses the viral 3'UTR establishes a recognition and initiation site for viral RNA replication. Thus the transgenic transcript may contain a functional virus replication site. Experiments were designed to determine if a challenging virus would recognize this replication site on a nuclear derived transcript and synthesize the complementary RNA. These data demonstrate that upon infection by a virus that recognizes the viral replication site, a full-length complement of the transgenic transcript is produced. In these experiments the replication complex of Brome Mosaic bromovirus recognized the transgenic transcript derived from a Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle bromovirus transgene. The resulting RNA may contribute to RNA recombination events. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, ARS, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Allison, RF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Plant Biol Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mindeng@uclink.berkeley.edu; william.schneider@ars.usda.gov; allison@msu.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.05.009 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 108GC UT WOS:000242227300020 PM 16965831 ER PT J AU Bridgham, SD Megonigal, JP Keller, JK Bliss, NB Trettin, C AF Bridgham, Scott D. Megonigal, J. Patrick Keller, Jason K. Bliss, Norman B. Trettin, Carl TI The carbon balance of North American wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Review DE carbon; methane; North America; plants; sedimentation; soil; wetlands ID CONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; NEW-YORK-STATE; METHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON; PEAT ACCUMULATION AB We examine the carbon balance of North American wetlands by reviewing and synthesizing the published literature and soil databases. North American wetlands contain about 220 Pg C, most of which is in peat. They are a small to moderate carbon sink of about 49 Tg C yr(-1), although the uncertainty around this estimate is greater than 100%, with the largest unknown being the role of carbon sequestration by sedimentation in freshwater mineral-soil wetlands. We estimate that North American wetlands emit 9 Tg methane (CH4) yr(-1); however, the uncertainty of this estimate is also greater than 100%. With the exception of estuarine wetlands, CH4 emissions from wetlands may largely offset any positive benefits of carbon sequestration in soils and plants in terms of climate forcing. Historically, the destruction of wetlands through land-use changes has had the largest effects on the carbon fluxes and consequent radiative forcing of North American wetlands. The primary effects have been a reduction in their ability to sequester carbon (a small to moderate increase in radiative forcing), oxidation of their soil carbon reserves upon drainage (a small increase in radiative forcing), and reduction in CH4 emissions (a small to large decrease in radiative forcing). It is uncertain how global changes will affect the carbon pools and fluxes of North American wetlands. We will not be able to predict accurately the role of wetlands as potential positive or negative feedbacks to anthropogenic global change without knowing the integrative effects of changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur on the carbon balance of North American wetlands. C1 Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97493 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetland Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Bridgham, SD (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97493 USA. EM bridgham@uoregon.edu NR 164 TC 308 Z9 343 U1 37 U2 348 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 889 EP 916 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[889:TCBONA]2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124LT UT WOS:000243370000002 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF Kazmer, DJ AF Gaskin, John F. Kazmer, David J. TI Comparison of ornamental and wild saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) along Eastern Montana, USA riverways using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence markers SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE tamarisk; ornamental; horticulture; invasion; naturalized; northern Great Plains ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; AMPLIFICATION; TAMARICACEAE; FERTILITY; GENE AB Saltcedars (Tamarix ramosissima, T. chinensis, and their hybrids) have invaded riverways and lakeshores across the western USA and northern Mexico. In Montana, ornamental plantings of saltcedar have been hypothesized, to varying degrees, to be the origin of nearby, wild populations. To examine this hypothesis, we compared chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences from 36 ornamental and 182 wild saltcedars from Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming, USA. We found that ornamental and wild population genotype frequencies were highly dissimilar. Also, genotype frequencies of hypothetical propagule populations under scenarios of random mating, self-fertilization, and clonal reproduction in the ornamental population were highly dissimilar to the genotype frequencies of the wild populations. Assignment tests indicated that the majority of wild genotypes originated from other wild plants, not from ornamental plants. However, ornamental plants could not be excluded as contributors to wild populations because all chloroplast and nuclear haplotypes found in the ornamental plants were found at some frequency in the wild. These findings suggest that while ornamental saltcedars are not the sole source of wild saltcedar, they do have potential to contribute genetic material to an invasion or re-establish a population after existing wild saltcedars are removed. C1 USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Pest Management Res Unit, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jgaskin@sidney.ars.usda.gov; dkazmer@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 939 EP 950 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[939:COOAWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124LT UT WOS:000243370000005 ER PT J AU Stewart, KM Bowyer, RT Ruess, RW Dick, BL Kie, JG AF Stewart, Kelley M. Bowyer, R. Terry Ruess, Roger W. Dick, Brian L. Kie, John G. TI Herbivore optimization by north American elk: Consequences for theory and management SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Cervus elaphus; density dependence; herbivore optimization; herbivory; management; NAPP; North American elk; management; population density ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTHERN MULE DEER; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; ARCTIC SALT-MARSH; MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; ALASKAN MOOSE; WINTER-RANGE; GRAZING OPTIMIZATION AB Understanding herbivore optimization has implications for theories underpinning ecosystem processes, management of large herbivores, and the landscapes they inhabit. We designed an experiment to examine interactions related to density dependence of North American elk (Cervus elaphus) and resulting plant responses to herbivory in the Blue Mountains of Oregon, USA, from 1999 to 2001. We experimentally created high (20.1 elk/km(2)) and low (4.1 elk/km(2)) population densities of elk and built exclosures to examine effects of herbivory on productivity and species composition of plants. We hypothesized that if herbivore optimization occurred with increasing density of elk, there should be a concordant increase in plant production, followed by a decline in productivity as grazing intensity continued to increase (i.e., herbivore optimization). Net aboveground primary productivity (NAPP) increased from no herbivory to herbivory by elk at moderate density and then declined as herbivory by elk continued to increase in areas with high NAPP (mesic and logged forests) but not in areas with low NAPP (xeric forests and grasslands). Herbivore optimization occurred across all functional groups of plants, including graminoids, forbs, and shrubs for high-NAPP areas. Herbivore optimization may be difficult to detect in woody plants compared with graminoids because of their differing structure and growth forms. Although herbivore optimization previously has been reported in grasslands, our study documents this phenomenon in woody plant communities. We hypothesize that such subtle changes in NAPP from herbivory might be more common than previously thought; carefully designed experiments are required to detect those responses to herbivory by large herbivores. Apparent offtake of plants followed a similar pattern to NAPP and was greatest at intermediate levels of herbivory by elk, and then declined as NAPP approached zero. Quality of plants, as indexed by percent nitrogen (N), also exhibited a parabolic function with increasing density of elk. Nonetheless, we observed no changes in species composition or diversity of plants with our density manipulations of elk, probably because of the extensive history of grazing by native and domestic herbivores in the Blue Mountains, the resilience of the remaining plants to herbivory, and the short 3-year duration of our study. Likewise, we observed no increases in rates of nutrient cycling with changes in densities of elk., perhaps because areas where large amounts of elk urine and feces were concentrated (e.g., grazing lawns) did not occur in this ecosystem. Herbivore optimization could have ramifications for population dynamics of ungulates. We argue that other processes, such as migration, predation, or harvest, might be necessary to maintain areas of increased NAPP because of strong density-dependent feedbacks and negative effects of ungulates on their food supply would not allow equilibrium between herbivores and their food supply at the low densities where we documented herbivore optimization. We also hypothesize that increased NAPP at low to moderate population densities of herbivores could lead to rapid population growth of these herbivores and help reduce density-dependent feedbacks and promote overshoots of carrying capacity. Our data do not support stocking large densities of ungulates on western rangelands to obtain peak production of NAPP. We recommend maintaining low to moderate densities of large herbivores in ecosystems if goals are to maximize NAPP and forage quality or to maximize body condition and reproduction of ungulates. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Stewart, KM (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 921 S 8th Ave,Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM stewkell@isu.edu RI Stewart, Kelley/F-5897-2012 NR 194 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD DEC PY 2006 IS 167 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 135EK UT WOS:000244136700001 ER PT J AU Ulizio, TJ Squires, JR Pletscher, DH Schwartz, MK Claar, JJ Ruggiero, LF AF Ulizio, Todd J. Squires, John R. Pletscher, Daniel H. Schwartz, Michael K. Claar, James J. Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI The efficacy of obtaining genetic-based identifications from putative wolverine snow tracks SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE detection; Gulo gulo; mtDNA; nDNA; occurrence; snow tracks; survey method; wolverine ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; ELUSIVE ANIMALS; HAIR SAMPLES; BROWN BEARS; CANADA LYNX; FECAL DNA; FECES; FOREST; PCR; MICROSATELLITES AB Snow-track surveys to detect rare carnivores require unequivocal species identification because of management and political ramifications associated with the presence of such species. Collecting noninvasive genetic samples from putative wolverine (Gulo gulo) snow tracks is an effective method for providing definitive species identification for use in presence-absence surveys. We completed 54 backtracks of approximately 1.4 km each and collected 169 hairs and 58 scats. Amplification rates of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) used for species identification were 62% and 24% for scats and hairs, respectively. The average distance traveled to collect a sample containing high-quality mtDNA for species identification was 1,330 m. Genetic analysis confirmed 35 snow tracks (64016) as wolverine. The remaining 19 snow tracks consisted of 8 that did not provide samples and 11 that contained nonamplifiable samples. Collection of both hairs and scats provided 28% more track verifications than would have occurred using only one type of sample. Collecting noninvasive samples from snow tracks also may provide individual wolverine identification that may provide a basis for obtaining minimum population estimates, relatedness tests, or mark-recapture population estimates given sufficient sample sizes. To that end, we analyzed nuclear DNA (nDNA) from the same samples to produce individual genotypes. Amplification rates of nDNA from scats and hairs ranged from 25% to 52% and 13% to 16%, respectively, and produced individual genotypes for 23 of the 54 snow tracks (43%). C1 Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US Forest Serv, Carnivore Program, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Ulizio, TJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM Todd_Ulizio@yahoo.com RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1332 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1326:TEOOGI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 134GM UT WOS:000244071500010 ER PT J AU McDaniel, GW McKelvey, KS AF McDaniel, Gregory W. McKelvey, Kevin S. TI A cost-effective system for measuring microscale habitat use of small mammals with high precision SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Lepus americanus; microhabitat; radiotelemetry; sensors; snowshoe hare ID RADIO TRIANGULATION; SNOWSHOE HARES; PELLET-GROUP; DENSITY; DEER AB Radiotelemetry provides an opportunity to measure animal behavior when other methods are not feasible, but triangulation errors limit the grain at which habitat relationships can be inferred. Additionally, inferred behavioral patterns often are biased toward times when organisms are accessible; often, for nocturnal organisms, when the organisms are resting. We developed an automated radiotelemetry system that is precise, temporally unbiased, and cost-effective. The system consisted of a sensor grid composed of radio receivers that detect the presence of a radiocollared animal within a measurable, adjustable area. The aerial extent of detection is testable, precise (mean error < 0.5 m), and consistent. After the sensors are installed, data collection effort is minimal. We tested this system by collecting microscale habitat-use data on snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) in eastern Idaho, USA. This system will be useful in applications where extremely precise location data and representative sampling across time are important for assessing use patterns. It is most useful for smaller animals where the spatial constraints are not limiting and Global Positioning System collars are not currently an option. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP McDaniel, GW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM kmckelvey@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1349 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1345:ACSFMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 134GM UT WOS:000244071500012 ER PT J AU Reindl-Thompson, SA Shivik, JA Whitelaw, A Hurt, A Higgins, KF AF Reindl-Thompson, Sara A. Shivik, John A. Whitelaw, Alice Hurt, Aimee Higgins, Kenneth F. TI Efficacy of scent dogs in detecting black-footed ferrets at a reintroduction site in South Dakota SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE black-footed ferret; detection dog; Mustela nigripes; scent dog; spotlight survey ID VEGETATION AB Endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) are difficult to monitor because of their nocturnal and fossorial habits, but land use and management are influenced by their potential presence. Detector dogs have been suggested as a method for determining ferret presence, although its efficacy has not been thoroughly investigated. We evaluated 2 dogs trained specifically for determining ferret presence in field evaluations conducted in black-tailed prairie dog (Gynomys ludovicianus) colonies at the Conata Basin reintroduction site in South Dakota, USA, during September and October 2003. We tested the dogs on 4 test colonies that had no record of ferret presence and 7 colonies known to have ferrets inhabiting them. One dog was 100% accurate at detecting presence and the other was between 57116 and 71% successful at detecting ferrets, with neither dog falsely indicating presence when ferrets were absent. For the 2 dogs, the mean time to detect ferrets on a prairie dog colony was 21 minutes and mean search rate was 26 halhour. The mean time to detection on the same sites was 208 minutes for spotlight surveys and mean search rate was 1.6 hal hour. Although spotlight surveys are necessary for identifying population demographics, well-trained detection dogs show promise for detecting ferret presence in prairie dog colonies. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Working Dogs Conservat Fdn, Three Forks, MT 59792 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Reindl-Thompson, SA (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Huron, SD 57350 USA. EM john.shivik@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1435 EP 1439 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1435:EOSDID]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 134GM UT WOS:000244071500026 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JJ Stahala, C Mori, GR Callaham, MA Bergh, CM AF O'Brien, Joseph J. Stahala, Caroline Mori, Gina R. Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Bergh, Chris M. TI Effects of prescribed fire on conditions inside a Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala) surrogate nesting cavity on Great Abaco, Bahamas SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Cuban Parrots (Amazona leucocephala) on the island of Great Abaco in the Bahamas forage and nest in native pine forests. The population is unique in that the birds nest in limestone solution holes on the forest floor. Bahamian pine forests are fire-dependent with a frequent surface fire regime. The effects of fire on the parrots, especially while nesting, are not well known. We measured ambient conditions inside a cavity characteristic of the Cuban Parrot's Abaconian population as a prescribed fire passed over it. Cavity conditions were relatively benign; although temperatures immediately outside the cavity rose to > 800 degrees C, inside temperatures increased only 5 degrees C at 30 cm inside the entrance and 0.4 degrees C at the cavity floor (cavity depth was similar to 120 CM). CO2 levels briefly rose to 2,092 ppm as the flames passed, but dropped to nearly ambient levels approximately 15 min later. Smoke levels also were elevated only briefly, with 0.603 mg of total suspended particulates filtered from 0.1 m(3) of air. Smokey conditions lasted approximately 20 min. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. The Nat Conservancy, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA. RP O'Brien, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jjobrien@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1676/05-118.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 123QG UT WOS:000243309800009 ER PT J AU Jones, PD Schimleck, LR Peter, GF Daniels, RF Clark, A AF Jones, P. David Schimleck, Laurence R. Peter, Gary F. Daniels, Richard F. Clark, Alexander, III TI Nondestructive estimation of wood chemical composition of sections of radial wood strips by diffuse reflectance near infrared spectroscopy SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSE CONTENT; INCREMENT CORES; PULP YIELD; SOLID WOOD; WIDE-RANGE; PREDICTION; SAMPLES; GEORGIA; SITES AB The use of calibrated near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for predicting the chemical composition of Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) wood samples is investigated. Seventeen P. taeda radial strips, representing seven different sites were selected and NIR spectra were obtained from the radial longitudinal face of each strip. The spectra were obtained in 12.5 mm sections from pre-determined positions that represented juvenile wood (close to pith), transition wood (zone between juvenile and mature wood), and mature wood (close to bark). For these sections, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin (acid soluble and insoluble), arabinan, galactan, glucan, mannan, and xylan contents were determined by standard analytical chemistry methods. Calibrations were developed for each chemical constituent using the NIR spectra, wood chemistry data and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Relationships were variable with the best results being obtained for cellulose, glucan, xylan, mannan, and lignin. Prediction errors were high and may be a consequence of the diverse origins of the samples in the test set. Further research with a larger number of samples is required to determine if prediction errors can be reduced. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Jones, PD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pdj7477@owl.forestry.uga.edu NR 22 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 8 BP 709 EP 720 DI 10.1007/s00226-006-0085-6 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 124IT UT WOS:000243362200008 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Dungan, RS Kwon, SW Weon, HY AF Kim, Jong-Shik Dungan, Robert S. Kwon, Soon-Wo Weon, Hang-Yeon TI The community composition of root-associated bacteria of the tomato plant SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium; plant-microbe interactions; Proteobacteria; tomato plant; 16S rDNA; rhizosphere ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DIVERSITY; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; EXTRACTION; GENETICS; LETTUCE; CLONING; MANURE; DNA AB The objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial community composition in the bulk soil, rhizosphere soil and root tissue of the tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill). 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from the bacterial community was amplified using PCR, and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clones was subsequently used for bacterial identification and phylogenetic classification. Phylogenetic analysis of clones (total of 68) from the bulk soil, rhizosphere and root tissues showed that about 50% of the bacteria belonged to the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-Proteobacteria or Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) phyla, with only one high G+C clone identified. A number of diverse bacteria were identified within Proteobacteria, while 87% of the bacteria belonged to the genus Flavobacterium within the CFB phylum, which is a unique finding for tomato plants. Our results will be of interest to those wanting to identify bacteria that can promote plant growth or resistance to diseases. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Korean Agr Culture Collect, Genet Resource Div, Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Appl Microbiol Div, RDA, Suwon, South Korea. RP Kim, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jskim@ucr.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1267 EP 1273 DI 10.1007/s11274-006-9171-z PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 109DT UT WOS:000242288800004 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Sundar, N Pineda, N Kyvsgaard, NC Luna, LA Rimbaud, E Oliveira, JB Kwok, OCH Qi, Y Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Sundar, N. Pineda, N. Kyvsgaard, N. C. Luna, L. A. Rimbaud, E. Oliveira, J. B. Kwok, O. C. H. Qi, Y. Su, C. TI Biologic and genetic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Nicaragua, Central America SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Nicragua; Central America; genotype ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; HIGH PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; COSTA-RICA; STRAINS; BRAZIL; INFECTIONS; GENOTYPE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T gondii in 98 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Nicragua was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 84 (85.7%) of 98 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 10, 1: 10 in eight, 1:20 in seven, 1:40 in nine, 1:80 in 11, 1: 160 in one, 1:200 in 27, 1:400 in six, 1:800 four, and 1:3200 in one bird. Hearts and brains of 32 chickens with titers of 1: 10 or less were pooled and fed to three T gondii-free cats. Hearts and brains of 66 chickens with titers of 1:20 or higher were bioassayed in mice. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. The cat fed tissues from eight chickens with titers of 1: 10 shed T gondii oocysts. The two cats fed tissues of 24 chickens with titers of 1:5 or less did not shed oocysts. T gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 47 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or higher. All infected mice from six isolates died of toxoplasmosis. Overall, 41 of 170 (24.1%) mice that became infected after inoculation with chicken tissues died of toxoplasmosis. Genotyping of these 48 isolates (47 from mice and I from pooled tissues) using polymorphisms at the loci SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6 revealed eight genotypes. Six isolates had Type I alleles, three isolate had Type H alleles and six isolates had Type III alleles at all loci. Four isolates had mixed infections. Two isolates have a unique allele at SAG I locus and combination of I and Ill alleles at other loci. The rest 27 isolates contained the combination of Type I and Ill alleles and were divided into four genotypes. More than one genotypes were often isolated in chickens from the same household, indicating multiple genotypes were circulating in the same environment. This may explain the high frequency of mixed infections observed. High rate of mixed infection in intermediate hosts such as chickens may facilitate genetic exchange between different parasite lineages in definitive feline hosts. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T gondii isolates from Nicragua, Central America. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Ciencias Comerciales, Fac Ciencias Agrarias, Managua, Nicaragua. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. CIGAC, Leon, Nicaragua. Univ Nacl, Parasitol Lab, Escuela Med Vet, Heredia, Costa Rica. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 48 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.016 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 108IA UT WOS:000242232300005 PM 16876324 ER PT J AU Akili, D Heidari, M Welter, LM Reinhardt, TA Harp, JA AF Akili, Dhuha Heidari, Mohammad Welter, Lisa M. Reinhardt, Timothy A. Harp, James A. TI Characterization of a factor from bovine intestine that protects against Cryptosporidium parvum infection SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; bovine; mucosa; enteric infection ID MICE; CALVES AB Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes intestinal infection in a variety of mammals. We have previously described a factor in adult rat or adult bovine intestinal mucosa that protects against C. parvum infection when fed to susceptible infant rats. This factor is absent in intestinal mucosa from bovine calves. In the present study we describe the further characterization of the active component of bovine intestinal mucosa. The ability to protect infant rats against C. parvum infection was found to be associated with the extrinsic membrane protein fraction of the intestinal mucosa. Extrinsic membrane preparations from adult cows, adult rats, and calves were separated by SDS-PAGE. A band with apparent molecular mass of 54 kDa was seen in preparations from adult rat and cow, but not calf. Protein was transfer-red to PVDF membrane and from this the band was excised and subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis using a gas-phase protein sequenator. A 15-amino acid consensus sequence was generated with homology to leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Purified LAP was purchased from a commercial source and tested for ability to protect infant rats against C. parvum infection. Rats fed LAP from 7 to I I days of age and challenged with C. parvum at 9 days were significantly less infected than controls upon necropsy at 15 days of age. These data suggest that a protein with N-terminal sequence homology to LAP may reduce susceptibility of infant rats to C. parvum infection. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. AgriVax Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90042 USA. RP Harp, JA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jharp@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.015 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 108IA UT WOS:000242232300023 PM 16870345 ER PT J AU Ravi, S D'Odorico, P Herbert, B Zobeck, T Over, TM AF Ravi, Sujith D'Odorico, Paolo Herbert, Bruce Zobeck, Ted Over, Thomas M. TI Enhancement of wind erosion by fire-induced water repellency SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AIR-DRY SOILS; MANAGEMENT; HUMIDITY; VELOCITY; SAVANNAS; TEMPERATURE; ENTRAINMENT; COEXISTENCE; VEGETATION; SEDIMENT AB [ 1] The occurrence of fire and the subsequent increase in wind erosion are known to affect vegetation dynamics in dryland landscapes. Fires act as a disturbance on shrubs and trees and expose the soil surface to the erosive action of wind, thereby affecting the loss and redistribution of soil nutrients. Despite the relevance of wind erosion and fires to the dynamics of arid ecosystems, the interactions between these two processes remain poorly understood. We have investigated how a representative water repellent organic compound released by burning biomass and absorbed in the soil may enhance soil erodibility. To this end, we carried out a series of wind tunnel experiments, laboratory tests, and theoretical analyses to assess the effect of fire-induced water repellency on the soil susceptibility to wind erosion. The experiments were carried out using clean, well-sorted sand which was artificially coated with palmitic acid, a common water repellency inducing fatty acid found in most plants. The results indicate that fire-induced water repellency enhances soil erodibility, causing a drop in wind erosion threshold velocity. The results are explained by the effect of water repellent compounds on soil-water contact angle and on the strength of interparticle wet-bonding forces. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Serv, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. RP Ravi, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM sujith@virginia.edu; paolo@virginia.edu; herbert@geo.tamu.edu; tzobeck@lbk.ars.usda.gov; tmover@eiu.edu RI D'Odorico, Paolo/A-5836-2008; Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008; Herbert, Bruce/K-4744-2013; Herbert, Bruce/L-2170-2015 OI Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373; Herbert, Bruce/0000-0002-6736-1148; Herbert, Bruce/0000-0002-6736-1148 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 AR W11422 DI 10.1029/2006WR004895 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 115QG UT WOS:000242748200002 ER PT J AU Dixon, RA Gang, DR Charlton, AJ Fiehn, O Kuiper, HA Reynolds, TL Tjeerdema, RS Jeffery, EH German, JB Ridley, WP Seiber, JN AF Dixon, Richard A. Gang, David R. Charlton, Adrian J. Fiehn, Oliver Kuiper, Harry A. Reynolds, Tracey L. Tjeerdema, Ronald S. Jeffery, Elizabeth H. German, J. Bruce Ridley, William P. Seiber, James N. TI Perspective - Applications of metabolomics in agriculture SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metabolomics; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance; metabolic pathways; food; environmental safety; nutrition ID ABALONE HALIOTIS-RUFESCENS; VIVO P-31 NMR; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ZEA-MAYS L.; PLANT METABOLOMICS; EPITHIOSPECIFIER PROTEIN; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; H-1-NMR METABOLOMICS; SULFORAPHANE NITRILE AB Biological systems are exceedingly complex. The unraveling of the genome in plants and humans revealed fewer than the anticipated number of genes. Therefore, other processes such as the regulation of gene expression, the action of gene products, and the metabolic networks resulting from catalytic proteins must make fundamental contributions to the remarkable diversity inherent in living systems. Metabolomics is a relatively new approach aimed at improved understanding of these metabolic networks and the subsequent biochemical composition of plants and other biological organisms. Analytical tools within metabolomics including mass spectrometry ( MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can profile the impact of time, stress, nutritional status, and environmental perturbation on hundreds of metabolites simultaneously resulting in massive, complex data sets. This information, in combination with transcriptomics and proteomics, has the potential to generate a more complete picture of the composition of food and feed products, to optimize crop trait development, and to enhance diet and health. Selected presentations from an American Chemical Society symposium held in March 2005 have been assembled to highlight the emerging application of metabolomics in agriculture. C1 Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Bio5 Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cent Sci Lab, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, Sand Hutton YO41 1LZ, Yorks, England. Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61081 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ridley, WP (reprint author), Monsanto Co, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM william.p.ridley@monsanto.com RI Gang, David/B-1001-2013 NR 83 TC 117 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 24 BP 8984 EP 8994 DI 10.1021/jf061218t PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108BT UT WOS:000242216000002 PM 17117782 ER PT J AU Choi, SH Suh, BS Kozukue, E Kozukue, N Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Choi, Suk-Hyun Suh, Bong-Soon Kozukue, Etsuko Kozukue, Nobuyuki Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Analysis of the contents of pungent compounds in fresh Korean red peppers and in pepper-containing foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE capsaicinoids; piperines; HPLC; LC-MS; peppers; pepper-containing foods ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CAPSAICINOIDS CONTENT; BLACK PEPPER; PIPER-LONGUM; CAPSICUM; DIHYDROCAPSAICIN; EXTRACTION AB An HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of extracts of fresh peppers containing capsaicinoids and of both capsaicinoids and piperines in pepper-containing foods produced and sold in Korea. The HPLC method was optimized by defining how composition of the mobile phase affected retention times. Both identification and quantification were based on retention times and the following criteria: linearity of the UV response at 280 nm in HPLC, recoveries from spiked samples, and observed individual molecular ions in the mass spectra of the extracts determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This method, with a limit of detection of similar to 15-30 ng, was used to quantify the distribution of capsaicinoids in 11 Korean whole peppers and in 12 commercial pepper-containing foods. Total capsaicinoid levels of whole peppers ranged from 1.21 mu g/g for the PR Gang ja variety to 121.1 mu g/g for the Chung yang variety. The levels in food extracts, four of which also included two piperines, ranged from 11.0 mu g/g for radish kimuchi to 3752 mu g/g for capsaicin sauce. The results demonstrate ( a) the usefulness of the HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of capsaicinoids derived from red peppers and piperines derived from black and white peppers extracted from complex food matrices and (b) the wide-ranging spread of levels of pungent pepper compounds in fresh peppers and in pepper- containing foods consumed in Korea. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyongbuk 780713, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 42 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 24 BP 9024 EP 9031 DI 10.1021/jf061157z PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108BT UT WOS:000242216000007 PM 17117787 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Cheng, ZQ Heller, LI Krasnoff, SB Glahn, RP Welch, RM AF Hu, Ying Cheng, Zhiqiang Heller, Larry I. Krasnoff, Stuart B. Glahn, Raymond P. Welch, Ross M. TI Kaempferol in red and pinto bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) coats inhibits iron bioavailability using an in vitro digestion/human Caco-2 cell model SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron bioavailability; bean; polyphenols; flavonoids; kaempferol; astragalin; quercitrin; phytate; Caco-2 cell; in vitro digestion; HPLC-MS ID STAPLE FOOD CROPS; PROTEIN; AVAILABILITY; TANNIN; ANTHOCYANINS; FLAVONOIDS; PHENOLICS; PREDICTS; QUALITY; HUMANS AB Four different colored beans (white, red, pinto, and black beans) were investigated for factors affecting iron bioavailability using an in vitro digestion/ human Caco-2 cell model. Iron bioavailability from whole beans, dehulled beans, and their hulls was determined. The results show that white beans contained higher levels of bioavailable iron compared to red, pinto, and black beans. These differences in bioavailable iron were not due to bean-iron and bean-phytate concentrations. Flavonoids in the colored bean hulls were found to be contributing to the low bioavailability of iron in the non-white colored beans. White bean hulls contained no detectable flavonoids but did contain an unknown factor that may promote iron bioavailability. The flavonoids, kaempferol and astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside), were identified in red and pinto bean hulls via HPLC and MS. Some unidentified anthocyanins were also detected in the black bean hulls but not in the other colored bean hulls. Kaempferol, but not astragalin, was shown to inhibit iron bioavailability. Treating in vitro bean digests with 40, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 mu M kaempferol significantly inhibited iron bioavailability (e.g., 15.5% at 40 mu M and 62.8% at 1000 mu M) in a concentration-dependent fashion. Thus, seed coat kaempferol was identified as a potent inhibitory factor affecting iron bioavailability in the red and pinto beans studied. Results comparing the inhibitory effects of kaempferol, quercitrin, and astragalin on iron bioavailability suggest that the 3',4'-dihydroxy group on the B-ring in flavonoids contributes to the lower iron bioavailability. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Welch, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rmw1@cornell.edu NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 24 BP 9254 EP 9261 DI 10.1021/jf0612981 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108BT UT WOS:000242216000038 PM 17117818 ER PT J AU Rojas-Grau, MA Avena-Bustillos, RJ Friedman, M Henika, PR Martin-Belloso, O Mchugh, TH AF Rojas-Grau, Maria A. Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Friedman, Mendel Henika, Philip R. Martin-Belloso, Olga Mchugh, Tara H. TI Mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties of apple puree edible films containing plant essential oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE apple puree film; plant essential oils; physicochemical properties; antimicrobial activity; Escherichia coli O157 : H7 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; BACILLUS-CEREUS; PERMEABILITY; SURVIVAL; CHITOSAN; PRODUCE AB Edible films, as carriers of antimicrobial compounds, constitute an approach for incorporating plant essential oils (EOs) onto fresh-cut fruit surfaces. The effect against Escherichia coli O157:H7 of oregano, cinnamon, and lemongrass oils in apple puree film-forming solution (APFFS) and in an edible film made from the apple puree solution (APEF) was investigated along with the mechanical and physical properties of the films. Bactericidal activities of APFFS, expressed as BA(50) values (BA(50) values are defined as the percentage of antimicrobial that killed 50% of the bacteria under the test conditions) ranged from 0.019% for oregano oil to 0.094% for cinnamon oil. Oregano oil in the apple puree and in the film was highly effective against E. coli O157:H7. The data show that (a) the order of antimicrobial activities was oregano oil > lemongrass oil > cinnamon oil and (b) addition of the essential oils into film-forming solution decreased water vapor permeability and increased oxygen permeability, but did not significantly alter the tensile properties of the films. These results show that plant-derived essential oils can be used to prepare apple-based antimicrobial edible films for various food applications. C1 Univ Lleida, UTPV, CeRTA, Dept Food Technol, Lleida 25198, Spain. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rojas-Grau, MA (reprint author), Univ Lleida, UTPV, CeRTA, Dept Food Technol, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain. EM margrau@tecal.udl.es RI Martin-Belloso, Olga/B-8281-2011; OI Martin-Belloso, Olga/0000-0002-7027-6972; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 34 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 24 BP 9262 EP 9267 DI 10.1021/jf061717u PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 108BT UT WOS:000242216000039 PM 17117819 ER PT J AU Mernitz, H Smith, DE Zhu, AX Wang, XD AF Mernitz, Heather Smith, Donald E. Zhu, Andrew X. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI 9-cis-Retinoic acid inhibition of lung carcinogenesis in the A/J mouse model is accompanied by increased expression of RAR-beta but no change in cyclooxygenase-2 SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; 9-cis-retinoic acid; RAR-beta; cyclooxygenase-2 ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; 9-CIS RETINOIC ACID; CANCER CELL-LINES; RECEPTOR-SELECTIVE RETINOIDS; SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA-CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM; GROWTH-INHIBITION AB 9-cis-Retinoic acid (9cRA) binds both retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and has been shown to be a potential chernopreventive agent both in lung cancer cell culture studies and in clinical trials studying former smokers. However, direct evidence of the efficacy of 9cRA against lung tumor development in vivo is lacking. In the present study, we determined whether treatment with 9cRA has the potential to inhibit lung carcinogenesis by upregulating RAR-beta and down-regulating COX-2 expression in the A/J mouse lung cancer model. A/J mice (n = 14-15/group) were treated as follows: (1) Control (Sham treated); (2) NNK (100 mg NNK/kg body weight); (3) NNK + 9cRA (15 mg/kg diet); and (4) NNK + celecoxib (a COX-2-specific inhibitor, 500 mg/kg diet). Tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, RAR-beta mRNA, COX-2 mRNA, and COX-2 protein levels in lung samples of mice were determined 4 months after carcinogen injection. The results showed that mice receiving 9cRA supplementation had significantly lower tumor multiplicity (48% reduction, P < 0.05) and showed a trend toward lower tumor incidence (40% reduction, P=0.078), as compared with the mice given NNK alone. Although, celecoxib treatment resulted in greater declines in tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity (75 and 88%, respectively, P < 0.05), the chentoprotective effects of celecoxib were accompanied by increased mortality while 9cRA treatment resulted in no weight-loss associated toxicity or mortality. Supplementation with 9cRA was effective in increasing RAR-beta mRNA, but this increase was not accompanied by decreased levels of COX-2 mRNA or protein. These results suggest that 9cRA supplementation may provide protection against lung carcinogenesis and this effect may be mediated in part by 9cRA induction of RAR-beta, but not inhibition of COX-2 transcription. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA104932] NR 69 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 244 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.12.001 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 118OR UT WOS:000242952100014 PM 16413115 ER PT J AU Sunilkumar, G Campbell, LM Puckhaber, L Stipanovic, RD Rathore, KS AF Sunilkumar, Ganesan Campbell, LeAnne M. Puckhaber, Lorraine Stipanovic, Robert D. Rathore, Keerti S. TI Engineering cottonseed for use in human nutrition by tissue-specific reduction of toxic gossypol SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE food safety; gene silencing; RNAi; seed-specific promoter; terpenoids ID (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; TERPENOID ALDEHYDES; RNA INTERFERENCE; PLANTS; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; GLANDS; EMBRYOGENESIS AB Global cottonseed production can potentially provide the protein requirements for half a billion people per year; however, it is woefully underutilized because of the presence of toxic gossypol within seed glands. Therefore, elimination of gossypol from cottonseed has been a long-standing goal of geneticists. Attempts were made to meet this objective by developing so-called "glandless cotton" in the 1950s by conventional breeding techniques; however, the glandless varieties were commercially unviable because of the increased susceptibility of the plant to insect pests due to the systemic absence of glands that contain gossypol and other protective terpenoids. Thus, the promise of cottonseed in contributing to the food requirements of the burgeoning world population remained unfulfilled. We have successfully used RNAi to disrupt gossypol biosynthesis in cottonseed tissue by interfering with the expression of the delta-cadinene synthase gene during seed development. We demonstrate that it is possible to significantly reduce cottonseed-gossypol levels in a stable and heritable manner. Results from enzyme activity and molecular analyses on developing transgenic embryos were consistent with the observed phenotype in the mature seeds. Most relevant, the levels of gossypol and related terpenoids in the foliage and floral parts were not diminished, and thus their potential function in plant defense against insects and diseases remained untouched. These results illustrate that a targeted genetic modification, applied to an underutilized agricultural byproduct, provides a mechanism to open up a new source of nutrition for hundreds of millions of people. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Rathore, KS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rathore@tamu.edu NR 44 TC 153 Z9 177 U1 4 U2 37 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 48 BP 18054 EP 18059 DI 10.1073/pnas.0605389103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 111PJ UT WOS:000242465200007 PM 17110445 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, E. W. TI Influence of host gender on infection rate, density and distribution of the parasitic fungus, Hesperomyces virescens, on the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; horizontal transmission; host-parasite interaction; predator ID INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; THAXTER LABOULBENIALES; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; PALLAS COLEOPTERA; ADALIA-BIPUNCTATA; MATE RECOGNITION; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; COCCINELLIDAE; ESTABLISHMENT AB Hesperomyces virescens Thaxter (Laboulbeniales: Laboulbeniaceae) is a parasitic fungus that infects lady beetles ( Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) via horizontal transmission between adults at overwintering and feeding sites. The differential behavior of male and female hosts could have profound effects on intensity of infection and positioning of fungus on the host's integument. The influence of host gender on infection rate, density and distribution of this parasite on the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) ( Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was determined at a feeding site. Adult H. axyridis were sampled from pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, trees in northern Mississippi, USA, during summer and early fall 2003-2004. Results indicated that the behavior of male or female beetles on pecan trees had only a limited effect on the intensity of infection. When averaged over the entire season, the percentage of H. axyridis infected with H. virescens was not influenced by host gender. In 2003, a seasonal average of 54 and 39% of males and females, respectively, were infected; whereas in 2004, 36 and 41% of male and female beetles, respectively, were infected. The percentage of males infected with H. virescens was correlated with the number of males captured at the site in 2003; infection rate decreased as male abundance increased. Infection rate did not correlate with female abundance in 2003 or male or female abundance in 2004. Host gender had a considerable effect on the density and distribution of the fungus. Hesperomyces virescens mature thalli were denser on male rather than female beetles. Also, thallus density was often greatest on the elytra, meso- and metathorax, and abdomen of males and elytra of females, than on other body parts, in 2003. In 2003 and 2004, approximately 59 and 97% and 67 and 96% of males and females, respectively, had mature thalli distributed on the elytra. Prevalence of H. virescens thalli on the dorsum of H. axyridis females suggests that mating behavior is important in fungal transmission. However, prevalence of thalli on the dorsum of H. axyridis males suggests that behaviors other than mating contribute to the transmission of H. virescens onto male beetles. Spread of H. virescens ascospores from infected to uninfected H. axyridis adults of different generations, at feeding sites, might be vital to maintaining stable populations of the fungus. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ewriddick@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 42 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 123CT UT WOS:000243274600001 ER PT J AU Shim, SH Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Shim, Sang Hee Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Penifulvins B-E and a silphinene analogue: Sesquiterpenoids from a fungicolous isolate of Penicillium griseofulvum SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; DERIVATIVES; METABOLITE; THIERSII AB Penifulvins B-E (2-5), four new sesquiterpenoids with a dioxa[5.5.5.6]fenestrane ring system, have been isolated from cultures of an isolate of Penicillium griseofulvum (NRRL 35584), together with a new silphinene derivative, 12-hydroxysilphinene-15-oic acid (6). Penifulvins B-E (2-5) are oxidized analogues of penifulvin A ( 1) and were identified by analysis of NMR and MS data. 12-Hydroxysilphinen-15-oic acid (6) is biogenetically similar, and penifulvins A-E are presumed to be derived from a silphinene precursor. The structures of 2-6, including absolute configuration, were assigned by analysis of NMR data and application of chemical methods. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1601 EP 1605 DI 10.1021/np060327z PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 109HH UT WOS:000242298300014 PM 17125229 ER PT J AU Chi, ZH Wang, X Wang, ZY Gao, HL Dahlstrom, A Huang, LP AF Chi, Zhi-Hong Wang, Xin Wang, Zhan-You Gao, Hui-Ling Dahlstrom, Annica Huang, Liping TI Zinc transporter 7 is located in the cis-Golgi apparatus of mouse choroid epithelial cells SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE autometallography; choroid plexus; Golgi apparatus; immunohistochemistry; zinc; zinc transporter ID FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; RAT-BRAIN; LOCALIZATION; NEURONS; CLONING AB The cellular localization of zinc transporter 7 protein in the mouse choroid plexus was examined in this study. Zinc transporter 7 immunoreactive cells were detected in the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of CD-I mouse brain. Distinct zinc transporter 7 immunoreactivity was concentrated in the perinuclear regions of the positive cells. The results from zinc autometallography showed that zinc-positive grains were also predominantly located in the perinuclear areas. Ultrastructural localization showed that zinc transporter 7 immunostaining was predominantly present in the membrane and cisternae of the cis-Golgi networks and some vesicle compartments. The results support the notion that zinc transporter 7 may participate in the transport of the cytoplasmic zinc into the Golgi apparatus, and may be involved in local packaging of zinc-binding proteins in the mouse choroid plexus. C1 China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Biomed, Sahlgrens Acad, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Nutr, Western Human Nutr Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Rowe Program Genet, Western Human Nutr Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. EM wangzy@mail.cmu.edu.cn NR 17 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 17 BP 1807 EP 1811 DI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000239968.06438.c5 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 126TL UT WOS:000243538300011 PM 17164669 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, KF Blomberg, LA Zuelke, KA Miles, JR Alexander, JE Farin, CE AF Rodriguez, K. F. Blomberg, L. A. Zuelke, K. A. Miles, J. R. Alexander, J. E. Farin, C. E. TI Identification of candidate mRNAs associated with gonadotropin-induced maturation of murine cumulus oocyte complexes using serial analysis of gene expression SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; MOUSE OOCYTES; GRANULOSA-CELLS; ALPHA-AMANITIN; INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; NUCLEAR MATURATION; MEIOTIC RESUMPTION AB Identification of candidate mRNAs associated with gonadotropin-induced maturation of murine cumulus oocyte complexes using serial analysis of gene expression. Physiol Genomics 27: 318-327, 2006. First published August 15, 2006; doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics. 00309.2005. - In cultured cumulus oocyte complexes (COC), FSH induces gene transcription required for germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Experiments were performed to determine the critical period when gene transcription is required for GVBD and to identify candidate mRNAs involved. Experiment I: murine COC were cultured 4 h in the presence of FSH with 5,6-dichloro- 1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) added at different intervals after the start of culture. COC cultured with FSH underwent GVBD (82 +/- 7%). When DRB was added at 0, 5, or 10 min after culture initiation, oocyte maturation was blocked (17 +/- 7, 14 +/- 6, and 21 +/- 6% GVBD, respectively). When DRB was added after 15, 20, or 30 min, progressively more COC underwent GVBD (37 +/- 6, 39 +/- 6, and 66 +/- 6%, respectively). The critical period of transcription required for GVBD occurred between 15 and 30 min after culture initiation. Experiment II: COC were cultured for 25 min in the presence (plusDRB) or absence (minusDRB) of DRB. SAGE libraries were generated from COC RNA of each treatment group. A total of 48,431 and 45,367 tags were sequenced for the plusDRB and minusDRB libraries, respectively. Criteria used to identify transcripts of interest included a total tag count of at least 10 across both libraries and a threefold or greater difference in expression between libraries. Using these criteria, 39 and 27 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed at the P <= 0.01 and P <= 0.001 levels, respectively. Differentially expressed transcripts were classed into major categories that included cell growth, development, and regulation of gene expression. Differentially expressed transcripts represent candidates potentially involved in regulating maturation of murine COC. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Farin, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Char_Farin@ncsu.edu RI Miles, Jeremy/A-7572-2009; Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [1-R03-HD-043875] NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00309.2005 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 109WK UT WOS:000242340100012 PM 16912067 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD Lager, KA AF Wesley, Ronald D. Lager, Kelly A. TI Overcoming maternal antibody interference by vaccination with human adenovirus 5 recombinant viruses expressing the hemagglutinin and the nucleoprotein of swine influenza virus SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal antibody interference; swine influenza virus; Ad-5 vaccines ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; VECTORED VACCINES; DNA VACCINE; A VIRUS; PROTECTION; PIGS; CHALLENGE; GENE AB Sows and gilts lack immunity to human adenovirus 5 (Ad-5) vectored vaccines so immunogens of swine pathogens can be expressed with these vaccines in order to immunize suckling piglets that have interfering, maternally derived antibodies. In this study 7-day-old piglets, that had suckled H3N2 infected gilts, were sham-inoculated with a non-expressing Ad-5 vector or given a primary vaccination with replication-defective Ad-5 viruses expressed the H3 hemagglutinin and the nucleoprotein of swine influenza virus (SIV) subtype H3N2. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of the sham-inoculated group (n = 12) showed continued antibody decay whereas piglets vaccinated with Ad-5 SIV (n = 23) developed an active immune response by the second week post-vaccination. At 4 weeks-of-age when the HI titer of the sham-inoculated group had decayed to 45, the sham-inoculated group and half of the Ad-5 SIV vaccinated pigs were boosted with a commercial inactivated SIV vaccine. The boosted pigs that had been primed in the presence of maternal interfering antibodies had a strong anamnestic response while sham-inoculated pigs did not respond to the commercial vaccine. Two weeks after the booster vaccination the pigs were challenged with a non-homologous H3N2 virulent SIV The efficacy of the vaccination protocol was demonstrated by abrogation of clinical signs, by clearance of challenge virus from pulmonary lavage fluids, by markedly reduced virus shedding in nasal secretions, and by the absence of moderate or severe SIV-induced lung lesions. These recombinant Ad-5 SIV vaccines are useful for priming the immune system to override the effects of maternally derived antibodies which interfere with conventional SIV vaccines. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 26 PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.07.014 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 112LC UT WOS:000242526400007 PM 16939702 ER PT J AU Dennis, RL Muir, WM Cheng, HW AF Dennis, Rachel L. Muir, William M. Cheng, Heng-Wei TI Effects of raclopride on aggression and stress in diversely selected chicken lines SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dopamine; aggression; chicken; D2 receptor; raclopride; genetic environmental interaction ID MULTIPLE-HEN CAGES; REGULATES NEUROENDOCRINE RESPONSES; DIFFERENT SOCIAL CONDITIONS; LAYING HENS; GENETIC SELECTION; PLASMA-CATECHOLAMINE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PERIPHERAL DOPAMINE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Genetic selection for chickens of high (HGPS) and low (LGPS) group productivity and survivability, resulted in two distinct genetic lines characterized by differences in cannibalism, flightiness, and immunocompetence. Additionally, birds exhibited differences in behaviour and social stress coping strategy. HGPS birds have a superior stress coping strategy compared with birds of LGPS or Dekalb XL (DXL), a commercial strain. Line differences in stress response and behaviour could be due to selection-induced differences in expression of the dopaminergic system. The dopamine (D2) receptor, an integral part of the dopaminergic system, was hypothesized to be a key contributory factor of the stress response. We tested this hypothesis by injecting either a D2 antagonist (raclopride) or saline in the dominant individual in pair-housed birds for 10 days and examining stress coping ability. Results showed that dominant birds of all strains showed a reduced frequency of aggressive pecks on subordinates following raclopride injection. In contrast, subordinates paired with raclopride-injected birds increased pecking frequency. Two days after stopping injections, LGPS and DXL birds returned to pre-injection levels of aggressive threats, while HGPS birds maintained depressed frequency of threats. Strain differences in aggressive responsiveness coincided with increased epinephrine levels in raclopride treated LGPS birds relative to control LGPS birds, but not by HGPS and DXL birds. Our findings suggest a functional linkage between the genetic basis of stress coping ability and the dopamine regulation of aggressive responsiveness. The data further indicate that the sympathetic-adreno-medullary axis is directly involved in regulating both stress coping strategy and aggressiveness. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD NOV 25 PY 2006 VL 175 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.010 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 109KY UT WOS:000242308200012 PM 16978715 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Marcot, BG Saxena, A AF Kumar, Ashish Marcot, Bruce G. Saxena, Ajai TI Tree species diversity and distribution patterns in tropical forests of Garo Hills SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distribution pattern; Garo Hills; tree species diversity; tropical forests; rarefaction ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; DYNAMICS; BIODIVERSITY; RESERVE; ISLAND; INDIA AB We analysed phytosociological characteristics and diversity patterns of tropical forest tree species in Garo Hills, western Meghalaya, Northeast India. The main vegetation of the region included primary forests (PFs), secondary forests (SFs), and sal (Shorea robusta) plantations; with 162, 132, and 87 tree species respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of trees in PF was 4.27 (n = 21 one-ha belt-transects), which is comparable to the world's richest tropical forests. Statistical results revealed that primary forests were more tree-rich and diverse than secondary forests or sal plantations. Results of the study will help forest managers in conservation planning of the tropical forest ecosystem of Northeast India. C1 Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Natl Tiger Conservat Author, New Delhi 110011, India. EM ashishkumarphd@gmail.com NR 31 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD NOV 25 PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1370 EP 1381 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 114YQ UT WOS:000242702000018 ER PT J AU Uauy, C Distelfeld, A Fahima, T Blechl, A Dubcovsky, J AF Uauy, Cristobal Distelfeld, Assaf Fahima, Tzion Blechl, Ann Dubcovsky, Jorge TI A NAC gene regulating senescence improves grain protein, zinc, and iron content in wheat SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID L. VAR. DICOCCOIDES; DURUM-WHEAT; GPC-B1 AB Enhancing the nutritional value of food crops is a means of improving human nutrition and health. We report here the positional cloning of Gpc-B1, a wheat quantitative trait locus associated with increased grain protein, zinc, and iron content. The ancestral wild wheat allele encodes a NAC transcription factor (NAM-B1) that accelerates senescence and increases nutrient remobilization from leaves to developing grains, whereas modern wheat varieties carry a nonfunctional NAM-B1 allele. Reduction in RNA levels of the multiple NAM homologs by RNA interference delayed senescence by more than 3 weeks and reduced wheat grain protein, zinc, and iron content by more than 30%. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Uauy, Cristobal/B-3879-2011; Uauy, Cristobal/B-7912-2014; Distelfeld, Assaf/D-4951-2014 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Uauy, Cristobal/0000-0002-9814-1770; Distelfeld, Assaf/0000-0003-1777-3053 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute NR 18 TC 509 Z9 586 U1 20 U2 159 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5803 BP 1298 EP 1301 DI 10.1126/science.1133649 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 108BR UT WOS:000242215800043 PM 17124321 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Shogren, RL Stevenson, DG Willett, JL Bhowmik, PK AF Biswas, Atanu Shogren, R. L. Stevenson, D. G. Willett, J. L. Bhowmik, Pradip K. TI Ionic liquids as solvents for biopolymers: Acylation of starch and zein protein SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE ionic liquid; starch; zein; acetylation; low melting; deep eutectic mixtures ID O-ACETYLATION; CELLULOSE AB Biopolymers such as starch and zein protein were found to be soluble at 80 degrees C in ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCI) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BMIMdca) in concentrations up to 10% (w/w). Higher concentrations of biopolymers in these novel solvents resulted in solutions with too high viscosity to stir. Solutions of both starch and zein in BMIMCI were acylated with anhydrides in presence of pyridine to give acetyl starch and benzoyl zein with various degrees of substitution. Without pyridine the acylation reaction did not proceed. H-1 NMR and IR spectroscopies were used to determine the degree of substitution of starch. Viscosity studies indicated that the starch underwent slight reduction in molecular weight during the course of acylation. Starch was also soluble in other non-conventional solvents such as choline chloride/oxalic acid and choline chloride/ZnCl2. However, zein was insoluble in these solvents. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biswasa@ncaur.usda.gov RI Bhowmik, Pradip/B-7673-2008 NR 17 TC 149 Z9 161 U1 12 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.04.005 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 111UL UT WOS:000242480400014 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Williams, DJ Davidson, JA AF Miller, Douglass R. Williams, Douglas J. Davidson, John A. TI Key to conifer-infesting species of Lepidosaphes Shimer worldwide (Hemiptera : Coccoidea : Diaspididae), with descriptions of two new species and a redescription of L-pallidula (Williams) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Lepidosaphes; conifer; armored scale; Trinidad; Jamaica; Pakistan; worldwide AB Two new species of Lepidosaphes are described, L. caribaeae Williams and Miller from Trinidad and Jamaica and L. murreeana Williams and Miller from Pakistan. Lepidosaphes pallidula ( Williams), a non-conifer infesting species, is redescribed so that it can be distinguished from L. pallida ( Maskell), a species commonly detected on conifers. A dichotomus key is presented for the identification of the adult females of the 25 species of Lepidosaphes that occur on conifers worldwide and a matrix is provided containing 23 characters considered important in distinguishing the 25 conifer-infesting species. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Bldg 005,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov; jdavids1@umd.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 23 PY 2006 IS 1362 BP 23 EP 42 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 108CT UT WOS:000242218600002 ER PT J AU Duckett, CN Prathapan, KD Konstantinov, AS AF Duckett, Catherine N. Prathapan, K. D. Konstantinov, Alexander S. TI Notes on identity, new synonymy and larva of Ivalia Jacoby (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) with description of a new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Ivalia; Taizonia; Amphimeloides; moss feeding; larval sensilla; new species ID BECHYNE COLEOPTERA; IMMATURE STAGES; ALTICINI AB Genus Ivalia Jacoby is characterized morphologically, and Amphimeloides Jacoby syn. nov. and Taizonia Chen syn. nov. are junior synonyms with it. Several Ivalia species are figured, including Ivalia bella (Chen) comb. nov., I. dorsalis (Jacoby) comb. nov., and I. viridipennis Jacoby. A new species of Ivalia from the Nilgiri Hills in south India, I. korakundah sp. nov., is described and illustrated, including the larvae. Larvae were associated with adults by sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I. Larval morphology is discussed and compared with that of other flea beetles. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Duckett, CN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM cduckett@rci.Rutgers.edu; prathapankd@gmail.com; akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 23 PY 2006 IS 1363 BP 49 EP 68 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 108CV UT WOS:000242218800004 ER PT J AU Bryant, VA Jones, GD AF Bryant, Vaughn A. Jones, Gretchen D. TI Forensic palynology: Current status of a rarely used technique in the United States of America SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2004 CL Wellington, NEW ZEALAND SP ANZFSS DE United States of America; forensic palynology; criminal and civil applications ID SAND DUNE SUCCESSION; SURFACE SAMPLES; POLLEN CONTENT; MEXICO; GULF; SOIL; USA AB The United States of America would seem to be an excellent location for using pollen data in forensic applications. The vegetation within the region is highly diverse ranging from areas of Arctic tundra to some of the most inhospitable deserts anywhere in the Western Hemisphere. The highly varied ecology, great plant diversity, thousands of vegetational microhabitats, and extensive published pollen records for the region provide an ideal setting for these types of analyses. This diversity, often characterized in most locations by unique combinations of pollen types, makes the use of forensic pollen a reliable technique that can often be used to associate individuals with a unique crime scene or geographical region. Nevertheless, forensic pollen studies in the United States of America are currently one of the most highly under utilized techniques available to assist in solving criminal and civil cases. During the past century there has been a very limited attempt to use pollen evidence in either criminal or civil cases. for a variety of reasons, including a lack of available information about the technique, a very limited number of specialists trained to do forensic pollen work, and an almost total absence of academic centers able to train needed specialists or forensic facilities able, or willing, to fund research in this area. Hopefully, this paucity of use will change if certain steps are taken to encourage the routine collection and use of pollen evidence in both criminal and civil cases. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Palynol Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, APHRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Bryant, VA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Palynol Lab, TAMU 4352, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM vbryant@neo.tamu.edu NR 94 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD NOV 22 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 3 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.021 PG 15 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 108LO UT WOS:000242241500004 PM 16504436 ER PT J AU Dawson, HD Collins, G Pyle, R Key, M Weeraratna, A Deep-Dixit, V Nadal, CN Taub, DD AF Dawson, Harry D. Collins, Gary Pyle, Robert Key, Michael Weeraratna, Ashani Deep-Dixit, Vishwa Nadal, Celeste N. Taub, Dennis D. TI Direct and indirect effects of retinoic acid on human Th2 cytokine and chemokine expression by human T lymphocytes SO BMC IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VITRO; INTERLEUKIN-12 PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; X-RECEPTOR; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CELL-DEVELOPMENT; IL-4 PRODUCTION AB Background: Vitamin A (VA) deficiency induces a type 1 cytokine response and exogenously provided retinoids can induce a type 2 cytokine response both in vitro and in vivo. The precise mechanism(s) involved in this phenotypic switch are inconsistent and have been poorly characterized in humans. In an effort to determine if retinoids are capable of inducing Th2 cytokine responses in human T cell cultures, we stimulated human PBMCs with immobilized anti-CD3 mAb in the presence or absence of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or 9-cis-RA. Results: Stimulation of human PBMCs and purified T cells with ATRA and 9-cis-RA increased mRNA and protein levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and decreased levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha upon activation with anti-CD3 and/or anti-CD28 mAbs. These effects were dose-dependent and evident as early as 12 hr post stimulation. Real time RT-PCR analysis revealed a dampened expression of the Th1-associated gene, T-bet, and a time-dependent increase in the mRNA for the Th2-associated genes, GATA-3, c-MAF and STAT6,upon treatment with ATRA. Besides Th1 and Th2 cytokines, a number of additional proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines including several chemokines were also differentially regulated by ATRA treatment. Conclusion: These data provide strong evidence for multiple inductive roles for retinoids in the development of human type-2 cytokine responses. C1 NIA, Immunol Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USDA, Nutrient Requirement & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Taub, DD (reprint author), NIA, Immunol Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM harry.dawson@ars.usda.gov; collinsg@grc.nia.nih.gov; pyleb@grc.nia.nih.gov; keym@grc.nia.nih.gov; weerarat@grc.nia.nih.gov; vishwa.dixit@pbrc.edu; cnadal@ufl.edu; taubd@grc.nia.nih.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 66 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2172 J9 BMC IMMUNOL JI BMC Immunol. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 27 DI 10.1186/1471-2172-7-27 PG 15 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 110VO UT WOS:000242409600001 PM 17118196 ER PT J AU Makela, A Valentine, HT AF Makela, Annikki Valentine, Harry T. TI The quarter-power scaling model does not imply sizeinvariant hydraulic resistance in plants SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID WATER TRANSPORT; GENERAL-MODEL; TREES; ALLOMETRY C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, Helsinki 00014, Finland. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Makela, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, POB 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland. EM annikki.makela@helsinki.fi OI Makela, Annikki/0000-0001-9633-7350 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 243 IS 2 BP 283 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.06.006 PG 3 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 103YI UT WOS:000241922700014 PM 16889800 ER PT J AU Weldon, PJ Kramer, M Gordon, S Spande, TF Daly, JW AF Weldon, Paul J. Kramer, Matthew Gordon, Scott Spande, Thomas F. Daly, John W. TI A common pumiliotoxin from poison frogs exhibits enantioselective toxicity against mosquitoes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; chemical defense; dendrobatid poison frogs; insecticidal activity; skin secretions ID DENDROBATES-PUMILIO; ALKALOIDS; SKIN AB Neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) contain a variety of lipophilic alkaloids in their diffusely distributed cutaneous glands, including a major class of compounds known as pumiliotoxins. Pumiliotoxins are highly toxic and are believed to protect frogs against predators. Their potential activity against ectoparasites, however, has not been investigated. We tested female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) for responses to 8-hydroxy-8methyl-6-(2'-methyl-hexylidene)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, designated pumiliotoxin 251 D [PTX (+)-251 D], a skin alkaloid present in all genera of dendrobatids and in other anurans, and to its unnatural enantiomer, PTX (-)-251D. Both enantiomers of PTX 251D presented on silicone feeding membranes reduced landing and feeding by A. aegypti, but PTX (+)-251D did so at lower concentrations. PTX (+)-251 D also induced toxicosis, shown when mosquitoes failed to fly off membranes. Similarly, mosquitoes confined with copper wires coated with PTX (+)-251D exhibited greater latencies to fly off the substrate and a higher incidence of leg autotomy than did those confined with the (-)-enantiomer. Our results on the contact toxicities of PTX 251D enantiomers parallel those reported for mice injected with them. The presentation of serial dilutions of PTX (+)-251 D to A. aegypti revealed a minimum toxic concentration of 0.1 mu g/cm(2). This value is substantially lower than that estimated for the cutaneous abundance of this compound in some frogs, an observation consistent the function of PTX 251D in anuran chemical defense against ectoparasitic arthropods. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, Bioorgan Chem Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Weldon, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM weldonp@si.edu; jdaly@nih.gov RI Gordon, Scott/B-8875-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 26 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 47 BP 17818 EP 17821 DI 10.1073/pnas.0608646103 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 111PG UT WOS:000242464900044 PM 17095598 ER PT J AU Bosma, WB Appell, M Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Bosma, Wayne B. Appell, Michael Willett, J. L. Momany, Frank A. TI Stepwise hydration of cellobiose by DFT methods: 1. Conformational and structural changes brought about by the addition of one to four water molecules SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE density functional; B3LYP; cellobiose; carbohydrate-water complexes; hydrogen bonding ID ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; HYDROGEN-BONDED COMPLEXES; ELECTRON-DENSITY; AB-INITIO; INTERMOLECULAR DISTANCE; GEOMETRY-OPTIMIZATION; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; FORCE-FIELD; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK AB Previous density-functional theory (DFT) calculations found that the anti (or "flipped") form of cellobiose (with the HI and H4' hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the pseudo-plane formed by the sugar rings) is more stable in vacuo than the syn (or "normal") conformation most often observed in crystalline- and solution-phase experiments. In order to understand the reason for this conformational preference, cellobiose-water complexes were optimized at the 133LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. Ten different anhydrous cellobiose structures were used as starting points, and the results of calculations on 30 monohydrates, 20 dihydrates, 12 trihydrates, and 5 tetrahydrates are presented. The syn form of the molecule was stabilized relative to the anti form as more water molecules were added, with the two conformers being approximately equal in stability at the dihydrate level. Addition of more than two water molecules further increased the relative stability of the syn conformer. One reason for the increase in stability of the syn form upon hydration is the ability of that conformational class to better accommodate a water molecule between the two rings. Changes in bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles that occur due to the interactions with water molecules are described in detail. These hydration induced structural changes are largely localized near the water molecule(s), and the effects of the addition of subsequent water molecules can be predicted based upon the structure differences between the monohydrates and the corresponding anhydrous cellobiose conformers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 776 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.07.024 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 111EI UT WOS:000242433800001 ER PT J AU Bosma, WB Appell, M Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Bosma, Wayne B. Appell, Michael Willett, J. L. Momany, Frank A. TI Stepwise hydration of cellobiose by DFT methods: 2. Energy contributions to relative stabilities of cellobiose center dot(H2O)(1-4) complexes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE density functional; B3LYP; cellobiose; carbohydrate-water complexes; hydrogen bonding ID HYDROGEN-BONDING COOPERATIVITY; MALTOSE; CONFORMATION; GLUCOSE; NMR AB In the preceding paper, it was shown that the anti form of cellobiose, which is more stable in vacuo than the syn conformation, becomes less energetically favored as an increasing number of water molecules are complexed with the cellobiose molecule. In order to clarify the reason for this change in conformational preference, a subset of the cellobiose-water complexes presented in the preceding work are presented here in more detail. The relative energies of the cellobiose-water complexes are partitioned into cellobiose conformer energy, cellobiose-water interaction energy, and the stress energies required to distort the cellobiose and water molecules to the geometry of the complex. Water placement in a position bridging between the two-sugar rings tends to destabilize the anti forms of cellobiose and stabilize the syn conformers. The source of the syn form stability in solution is found to lie in the characteristically stronger cellobiose-water interaction energies for the syn conformers, indicating the onset of a cooperativity in hydrogen bonding in the syn form of cellobiose due to the addition of the water molecules. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 776 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.07.025 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 111EI UT WOS:000242433800002 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Simunek, J Walker, SL AF Bradford, Scott A. Simunek, Jirka Walker, Sharon L. TI Transport and straining of E-coli O157 : H7 in saturated porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION RATE COEFFICIENTS; DEFICIENT BACTERIAL STRAIN; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; COLLOID DEPOSITION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; SAND COLUMNS; FILTRATION; ATTACHMENT; ADHESION; WATER AB [ 1] The transport and deposition behavior of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157: H7 was studied under unfavorable electrostatic conditions in saturated quartz sands of various sizes ( 710, 360, 240, and 150 mu m) and at several flow rates. At a given velocity, column effluent breakthrough values for E. coli tended to decrease in magnitude, and concentration curves became more asymmetric with decreasing sand size. In a given sand, experiments conducted at a higher velocity tended to produce higher effluent concentrations, especially for finer ( 240 and 150 mu m) textured sands. The shape of the deposition profiles for E. coli was also highly dependent on the sand size and velocity. Coarser-textured sands and higher flow rates were associated with less deposition and gradually decreasing concentrations with depth. Conversely, finer-textured sands and lower flow rates tended to produce greater deposition and nonmonotonic deposition profiles that exhibited a peak in retained concentration. This deposition peak occurred nearer to the column inlet for finer-textured sands and at low flow rates. Microscopic observations of E. coli retention in these finer-textured sands (micromodel experiments) clearly indicated that straining was the dominant mechanism of deposition. Batch experiments also indicated minor amounts of E. coli attachment for the selected sands and solution chemistry. A conceptual and numerical model was developed and successfully used to describe the observed E. coli transport and deposition data. Our conceptual model assumes that E. coli can aggregate when large numbers of monodispersed E. coli are deposited at pore constrictions or straining sites. When the deposited E. coli reach a critical concentration at the straining site, the aggregated E. coli O157: H7 can be released into aqueous solution as a result of hydrodynamic shearing forces. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 53 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 18 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 AR W12S12 DI 10.1029/2005WR004805 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 107OJ UT WOS:000242180600001 ER PT J AU Desheva, JA Lu, XH Rekstin, AR Rudenko, LG Swayne, DE Cox, NJ Katz, JM Klimov, AI AF Desheva, J. A. Lu, X. H. Rekstin, A. R. Rudenko, L. G. Swayne, D. E. Cox, N. J. Katz, J. M. Klimov, A. I. TI Characterization of an influenza A H5N2 reassortant as a candidate for live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines against highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses with pandemic potential SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE avian influenza vaccine; influenza pandemic; mouse model ID PROTECTION; TRIVALENT; NEURAMINIDASE; ANTIGENICITY; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; IMMUNITY; ILLNESS; HUMANS AB We generated a high-growth 7:1 reassortant (Len17/H5) that contained the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from non-pathogenic A/Duck/Potsdam/1402-6/86 (H5N2) virus and other genes from the cold-adapted (ca) attenuated A/leningrad/134/17/57 (H2H2) strain. Len17/H5 demonstrated an attenuated phenotype in mice and did not infect chickens. Mice administered Len17/H5 either as a live-attenuated intranasal vaccine or as an inactivated intramuscular vaccine were substantially protected from lethal challenge with highly pathogenic A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) vir-us and were protected from pulmonary infection with antigenically distinct A/Hong Kong/213/2003 (H5N1) virus. The cross-protective effect correlated with the levels of virus-specific mucosal IgA and/or serum IgG antibodies. Our results suggest a new strategy of using classical genetic reassortment between a high-growth ca H2N2 strain and antigenically related non-pathogenic avian viruses to prepare live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines for influenza pandemic. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Expt Med, Dept Virol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Klimov, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AKlimov@cdc.gov RI Desheva, Yulia/I-1493-2013; Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015 OI Desheva, Yulia/0000-0001-9794-3520; Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 47-48 BP 6859 EP 6866 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.023 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 111II UT WOS:000242444200008 PM 17050041 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA Zevi, Y Dathe, A Giri, S Gao, B Steenhuis, TS AF DiCarlo, David A. Zevi, Yuniati Dathe, Annette Giri, Shree Gao, Bin Steenhuis, Tammo S. TI In situ measurements of colloid transport and retention using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; WATER-SOLID INTERFACE; SAND COLUMNS; HANFORD SEDIMENTS; SILICA COLLOIDS; VIRUS REMOVAL; CLAY COLLOIDS; MOBILIZATION; FLOW; SUBSURFACE AB [ 1] The physics regarding the retention and mobilization of colloids in saturated and unsaturated conditions remains poorly understood, partially because of the inability to measure colloid concentrations in situ. In this study, we attached Cd(+2) ions to clay colloids and used synchrotron X rays to cause the Cd to fluoresce. By measuring the fluorescence and attenuation of the X rays we obtained simultaneous in situ water saturations and colloid concentrations on timescales of tens of seconds. We used this technique to study the transport of colloids consisting of Na and Ca Montmorillonite clays through a preferential flow path in uniform well-sorted sand. This flow path had both saturated and unsaturated zones that travel downward with time. We found that the Na colloids showed little retention in the sand, while the Ca colloids were retarded with respect to the wetting front. By comparing the results to those obtained by infiltrations with a Cd solute we find that the retention of the colloids seen in the unsaturated portion of the column was no greater than that seen in the saturated portion. We discussed the advantages and limitations of this X-ray fluorescence technique and the implications for colloid transport. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov RI Gao, Bin/B-8027-2010 OI Gao, Bin/0000-0003-3769-0191 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 AR W12S05 DI 10.1029/2005WR004850 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 107OI UT WOS:000242180500001 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Sadeghi, AM Bradford, SA Shelton, DR Guber, AK Dao, T AF Pachepsky, Y. A. Sadeghi, A. M. Bradford, S. A. Shelton, D. R. Guber, A. K. Dao, T. TI Transport and fate of manure-borne pathogens: Modeling perspective SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE pathogens; modeling; water quality; manure; transport and fate ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; GROUNDWATER BACTERIA; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; FECAL-COLIFORMS; SURFACE WATERS; BUFFER STRIPS; BOVINE MANURE; POROUS-MEDIA AB Among other constituents, manure contains pathogenic microorganisms that can cause serious illness and death in humans. The objective of this work is to review the status and challenges in modeling fate and water transport of manure-borne pathogens (MBP) and organisms-indicators of fecal contamination at pedon, hillslope, and watershed scales. Approaches used to model various aspects are critically evaluated, including (a) release of microorganisms from manure, (b) microorganism survival and inactivation in manure, soil, and surface water, (c) partitioning and attachment of pathogenic and indicator organisms to solid particles in runoff, soil, and sediment, and (d) transport with straining or entrapment in overland flow and in streams. The current challenges and research needs are outlined that include (a) the paucity of experimental data about the transport of pathogenic microorganisms, (b) the need to quantify potential and actual input of pathogens from wildlife, (c) uncertainty in background concentrations of indicator microorganisms, (d) better understanding of the effect of manure particulates on the MBP fate and transport, (e) relating the microorganism fate and transport parameters to environmental variables, such as soil and vegetation properties and weather parameters, (e) evaluating natural tracers with the transport behavior similar to microorganisms, e.g., manure-borne phosphorus, (f) understanding the uncertainty of the stream sampling data, (g) developing a process-based model of microorganism resuspension. during the rainfall events, (i) developing upscaling techniques to utilize pedon and hillslope scale measurements and models in the watershed modeling, (j) a better insight into filtering function of vegetated buffer strips and riparian zones. Ensembles of simulations have to be made to estimate the possible distribution of simulation results and risks associated with a specific allocation of manure and manure management practices. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BARC E, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 89 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.06.010 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 114SV UT WOS:000242686800009 ER PT J AU Ayars, JE Christen, EW Hornbuckle, JW AF Ayars, J. E. Christen, E. W. Hornbuckle, J. W. TI Controlled drainage for improved water management in and regions irrigated agriculture SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE drainage; saline drainage water; irrigation; integrated water management; drainage design ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; QUALITY; GROUNDWATER; AUSTRALIA; TABLE; AREAS; LOAD; SOIL AB In and regions, controlled drainage is the next logical step towards improving water management in irrigated agriculture and reducing the environmental impacts of subsurface drainage flow. Controlled drainage has been practiced in humid areas for a long time. In this paper traditional subsurface drainage system design procedures are described, followed by alternative design criteria for and regions and suggestions for system design to include control structures that enable better drain system management. The suggested changes include reducing the installation depth of laterals, accounting for crop water use from shallow ground water in the design, and relaxing the mid-point water depth requirement. Active control of drainage systems in and irrigated regions is a developing concept that is currently being evaluated around the world. Research in the U.S. and Australia has demonstrated that water tables in irrigated areas can be effectively controlled with various types of structures. Control has resulted in reduced volumes of drainage water and total salt loads discharged. Salt accumulation in the root zone is a consideration in adopting controlled drainage, but other research has demonstrated that it is possible to manage salt accumulation through careful water management. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. CSIRO, Griffith, NSW, Australia. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jayars@fresno.ars.usda.gov RI Hornbuckle, John/D-5981-2011; Christen, Evan/B-5117-2012 NR 39 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.07.004 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 114SV UT WOS:000242686800013 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH van Genuchten, MT Shouse, PJ Poss, JA AF Skaggs, Todd H. van Genuchten, Martinus Th. Shouse, Peter J. Poss, James A. TI Macroscopic approaches to root water uptake as a function of water and salinity stress SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE root water uptake; salt tolerance; simulation models ID IRRIGATING FORAGE CROPS; SOIL-WATER; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; YIELD RESPONSE; SALT MOVEMENT; ZONE SALINITY; SCALE MODEL; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT; TOLERANCE AB Computer simulation models can be important tools for analyzing and managing sitespecific irrigation, soil salinization, or crop production problems. For many of these problems, computer analyses require simulations of root water uptake as a function of water and salinity stress. We give an overview of macroscopic modeling approaches that are based on the Richards equation with a sink term specifying water uptake. Various parameterizations of the sink term as functions of water and salinity stress are reviewed. An example application demonstrates the simulation of drainage for a wide range of salinity and water stress conditions. The example shows that in practice it is very difficult to discriminate among the various functional forms proposed for the sink term. Future improvements to models may involve the incorporation of more dynamic root functions, such as the ability of roots to respond actively to growing conditions. As an example, we consider modeling compensated uptake, in which plants react to stress in one section of the root zone by increasing uptake in sections with more favorable conditions. Lastly, the challenge of estimating uptake reduction parameters from crop salt tolerance databases is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM tskaggs@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 64 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.06.005 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 114SV UT WOS:000242686800014 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Wood, JD Lesch, SM AF Suarez, Donald L. Wood, James D. Lesch, Scott M. TI Effect of SAR on water infiltration under a sequential rain-irrigation management system SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water quality; infiltration; sodicity; SAR; salinity ID SOIL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MIXED-SALT SOLUTIONS; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; CLAY DISPERSION; EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM AB Existing irrigation water quality criteria related to sodium and salinity are based primarily on short-term laboratory column studies. These earlier studies measured infiltration or hydraulic conductivity of disturbed soil under continuously saturated conditions. Application of these standards to field conditions is uncertain, as it does not account for wetting and drying conditions, formation of crusts and impact of rain events, etc. In this study we examine water infiltration into loam and clay soils irrigated at EC = 1.0 and 2.0 dS m(-1) at SAR of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 in a management system with alternating (simulated) rain and irrigation and drying between irrigations. For the loam soil the adverse impacts of sodium on infiltration were evident above SAR 2, while for the clay soil adverse impacts occurred above SAR 4. In both soils the SAR behavior was similar for both EC values, 1.0 and 2.0 dS m(-1), indicating that in this range, EC did not affect infiltration. Reductions in infiltration were evident during both the irrigation and rain events, with lower infiltration, as expected during the rain simulations. These results show a greater sensitivity to SAR than indicated in laboratory column studies and existing water quality criteria. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dsuarez@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.07.010 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 114SV UT WOS:000242686800015 ER PT J AU Romkens, MJM Prasad, SN AF Romkens, M. J. M. Prasad, S. N. TI Rain Infiltration into swelling/shrinking/cracking soils SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rain infiltration; swelling/shrinking/cracking soils ID SWELLING SOIL; CLAY SOIL; WATER-FLOW; PHYSICS; MODEL AB A model for predicting rain infiltration at the field scale with swelling/shrinking/cracking/ soils is described. The simplifying assumptions are: (1) no vertical infiltration takes place due to a sealed surface condition. rainwater moves laterally over the soil surface to the cracks, where it uniformly flows along the vertical walls of the cracks. (2) The geometry is represented by a prismatic column structure with cracks between the columns. The approach consists of a two-component process of Darcian matrix flow in the soil medium and Hortonian flow on the walls of the cracks. The Darcian analysis of horizontal matrix flow uses a spectral series solution of the Richards equation for the wetting front advance. The crack volume is determined from bulk density measurements, from which ponding time estimates can be made. Closed-form expressions are derived for the cumulative infiltration. The analytical results are compared with experimental results obtained for a Mississippi Delta clay soil. For the case, where excess rainwater has reached the bottom of the crack at the moment crack closure occurs, an exact solution is obtained for incipient ponding as a function of crack morphology, rainfall intensity, and sorptivity. Runoff is computed as the difference between the cumulative rainfall and cumulative infiltration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Romkens, MJM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mromkens@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.07.012 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 114SV UT WOS:000242686800019 ER PT J AU Manning, BB Li, MH Robinson, EH Peterson, BC AF Manning, Bruce B. Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Peterson, Brian C. TI Enrichment of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets with conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids by dietary manipulation SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE conjugated linoleic acid (CLA); omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids; channel catfish fillet; nutraceutical; functional food ID FATTY-ACID AB An experiment was conducted in aquaria with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to determine the efficacy of augmenting fillets with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) by feeding diets amended with products containing high levels of these nutrients. Refined menhaden fish oil at 1.5% of diet supplied the n-3 HUFA. CLA was used at dietary levels of 0.5% and 1% with a preparation that contained approximately 65% isomers of CLA. Corn oil was added to the basal diet at maximum inclusion level for added lipids of 3% for the control diet and to adjust total added lipid content of the other diets to 3%. Average initial body weight was 57.39 +/- 0.25 g/fish. Six experimental diets were fed twice daily to four replicate aquaria for six weeks. At that time, fish were group weighed for determination of weight gain and feed conversion. Fillets of six fish per aquarium were recovered and stored at -80 degrees C for moisture and total lipid analyses, fatty acid analysis, and sensory evaluation. Results showed feed consumption and feed conversion did not differ (P > 0.05). Significantly (P < 0.05) greater body weight gains were observed only for fish fed the diets with two combinations of CLA and 1.5% fish oil compared to fish fed the diet containing 0.5% CLA and corn oil. Fillet n-3 HUFA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated for fish fed diets containing fish oil when compared to n-3 HUFA of fillets of fish fed diets containing either corn oil or CLA and corn oil. Similarly, fillets from fish fed diets amended with CLA contained substantial amounts of CLA of up to 6.4% of total lipids. Fillets from fish fed corn oil or fish oil diets had no CLA. Taste panel evaluation indicated that fillets containing n-3 HUFA and CLA were essentially without fishy off-flavor and had excellent sensory qualities. Catfish fillets produced by amending diets with sources of n-3 HUFA and CLA at the levels used in this study would contain elevated levels of these nutraceuticals and could be an important human food source for these healthful fatty acids. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Manning, BB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bmanning@drec.msstate.edu NR 21 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 261 IS 1 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.029 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 115MJ UT WOS:000242738100033 ER PT J AU Moisen, GG Edwards, TC Osborne, PE AF Moisen, Gretchen G. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Osborne, Patrick E. TI Further advances in predicting species distributions SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODELS; ORDINATION C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Southampton, Ctr Environm Sci, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Moisen, GG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM gmoisen@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 199 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.015 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104XV UT WOS:000241994800001 ER PT J AU Edwards, TC Cutler, DR Zimmermann, NE Geiser, L Moisen, GG AF Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Cutler, D. Richard Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Geiser, Linda Moisen, Gretchen G. TI Effects of sample survey design on the accuracy of classification tree models in species distribution models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Advances in Predictive Species Distribution Models CY 2004 CL Riederalp, SWITZERLAND DE model accuracy; sample survey; study design; classification trees; lichens; accuracy assessment; probability samples; non-probability samples ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; NATURAL-RESOURCES; SIERRA-NEVADA; HABITAT; RARE; CONSERVATION; INFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; INFERENCE AB We evaluated the effects of probabilistic (hereafter DESIGN) and non-probabilistic (PURPOSIVE) sample surveys on resultant classification tree models for predicting the presence of four lichen species in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Models derived from both survey forms were assessed using an independent data set (EVALUATION). Measures of accuracy as gauged by resubstitution rates were similar for each lichen species irrespective of the underlying sample survey form. Cross-validation estimates of prediction accuracies were lower than resubstitution accuracies for all species and both design types, and in all cases were closer to the true prediction accuracies based on the EVALUATION data set. We argue that greater emphasis should be placed on calculating and reporting cross-validation accuracy rates rather than simple resubstitution accuracy rates. Evaluation of the DESIGN and PURPOSIVE tree models on the EVALUATION data set shows significantly lower prediction accuracy for the PURPOSIVE tree models relative to the DESIGN models, indicating that non-probabilistic sample surveys may generate models with limited predictive capability. These differences were consistent across all four lichen species, with 11 of the 12 possible species and sample survey type comparisons having significantly lower accuracy rates. Some differences in accuracy were as large as 50%. The classification tree structures also differed considerably both among and within the modelled species, depending on the sample survey form. Overlap in the predictor variables selected by the DESIGN and PURPOSIVE tree models ranged from only 20% to 38%, indicating the classification trees fit the two evaluated survey forms on different sets of predictor variables. The magnitude of these differences in predictor variables throws doubt on ecological interpretation derived from prediction models based on non-probabilistic sample surveys. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Dept Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. USDA Forest Serv, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Edwards, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, 5290 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tce@nr.usu.edu RI Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008 OI Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604 NR 48 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 199 IS 2 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.016 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104XV UT WOS:000241994800002 ER PT J AU Moisen, GG Freeman, EA Blackard, JA Frescino, TS Zimmermann, NE Edwards, TC AF Moisen, Gretchen G. Freeman, Elizabeth A. Blackard, Jock A. Frescino, Tracey S. Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. TI Predicting tree species presence and basal area in Utah: A comparison of stochastic gradient boosting, generalized additive models, and tree-based methods SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Advances in Predictive Species Distribution Models CY 2004 CL Riederalp, SWITZERLAND DE species presence; predictive mapping; forest inventory; GAMs; classification trees; regression trees; See5; Cubist; stochastic gradient boosting ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SPATIAL PREDICTION; REGRESSION TREE; LINEAR-MODELS; UNITED-STATES; PLANT ECOLOGY; FOREST; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Many efforts are underway to produce broad-scale forest attribute maps by modelling forest class and structure variables collected in forest inventories as functions of satellite-based and biophysical information. Typically, variants of classification and regression trees implemented in Rulequest's (c) See5 and Cubist (for binary and continuous responses, respectively) are the tools of choice in many of these applications. These tools are widely used in large remote sensing applications, but are not easily interpretable, do not have ties with survey estimation methods, and use proprietary unpublished algorithms. Consequently, three alternative modelling techniques were compared for mapping presence and basal area of 13 species located in the mountain ranges of Utah, USA. The modelling techniques compared included the widely used See5/Cubist, generalized additive models (GAMs), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB). Model performance was evaluated using independent test data sets. Evaluation criteria for mapping species presence included specificity, sensitivity, Kappa, and area under the curve (AUC). Evaluation criteria for the continuous basal area variables included correlation and relative mean squared error. For predicting species presence (setting thresholds to maximize Kappa), SGB had higher values for the majority of the species for specificity and Kappa, while GAMs had higher values for the majority of the species for sensitivity. In evaluating resultant AUC values, GAM and/or SGB models had significantly better results than the See5 models where significant differences could be detected between models. For nine out of 13 species, basal area prediction results for all modelling techniques were poor (correlations less than 0.5 and relative mean squared errors greater than 0.8), but SGB provided the most stable predictions in these instances. SGB and Cubist performed equally well for modelling basal area for three species with moderate prediction success, while all three modelling tools produced comparably good predictions (correlation of 0.68 and relative mean squared error of 0.56) for one species. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Dept Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Moisen, GG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM gmoisen@fs.fed.us RI anzhi, yue/A-8609-2012; Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008 OI Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604 NR 68 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 199 IS 2 BP 176 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.021 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104XV UT WOS:000241994800006 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Liebhold, AM Tobin, PC Bjornstad, ON AF Johnson, Derek M. Liebhold, Andrew M. Tobin, Patrick C. Bjornstad, Ottar N. TI Allee effects and pulsed invasion by the gypsy moth SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INSECT OUTBREAKS; NORTH-AMERICA; SPREAD; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; POPULATIONS; SYNCHRONY AB Biological invasions pose considerable threats to the world's ecosystems (1) and cause substantial economic losses (2). A prime example is the invasion of the gypsy moth in the United States, for which more than $ 194 million was spent on management and monitoring between 1985 and 2004 alone (3). The spread of the gypsy moth across eastern North America is, perhaps, the most thoroughly studied biological invasion in the world, providing a unique opportunity to explore spatiotemporal variability in rates of spread. Here we describe evidence for periodic pulsed invasions, defined as regularly punctuated range expansions interspersed among periods of range stasis. We use a theoretical model with parameter values estimated from long- term monitoring data to show how an interaction between strong Allee effects ( negative population growth at low densities) (4) and stratified diffusion ( most individuals disperse locally, but a few seed new colonies by long- range movement)(5) can explain the invasion pulses. Our results indicate that suppressing population peaks along range borders might greatly slow invasion. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM derekjohnson@louisiana.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; NR 30 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 5 U2 48 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 444 IS 7117 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1038/nature05242 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 105GL UT WOS:000242018300047 PM 17108964 ER PT J AU Xiang, QF Edwards, J Gadbury, GL AF Xiang, Qinfang Edwards, Jode Gadbury, Gary L. TI Interval estimation in a finite mixture model: Modeling P-values in multiple testing applications SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; gene expression; hessian; interval estimation; MCMC; microarray; MLE; uniform beta mixture ID MICROARRAY GENE-EXPRESSION; FALSE DISCOVERY RATES; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFICULTIES; HYPOTHESIS AB The performance of interval estimates in a uniform-beta mixture model is evaluated using three computational strategies. Such a model has found use when modeling a distribution of P-values from multiple testing applications. The number of P-values and the closeness of a parameter to the boundary of its space both play a role in the precision of parameter estimates as does the "nearness" of the beta-distribution component to the uniform distribution. Three computational strategies are compared for computing interval estimates with each one having advantages and disadvantages for cases considered here. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Stat, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. RP Gadbury, GL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Stat, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM gadburyg@umr.edu NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 570 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2005.11.011 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 111VU UT WOS:000242484200011 ER PT J AU Yates, SR AF Yates, S. R. TI Simulating herbicide volatilization from bare soil affected by atmospheric conditions and limited solubility in water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL; AIR AB A numerical model that simulates pesticide fate was developed to predict the behavior of triallate after application to a field soil. The model has options that allow water and/or heat transport and can limit simulated aqueous-phase concentrations to triallate solubility in water. Several methods for describing the volatilization boundary condition were tested to assess the accuracy in predicting the volatilization rate, including an approach that requires no atmospheric information and an approach that couples soil and atmospheric processes. Four scenarios were constructed and simulated, to compare with measured volatilization rates. The peak measured volatilization rate (168 g ha(-1) h(-1)) was most accurately predicted with the scenario that included the most complex model (100 g ha(-1) h(-1)). The simplest model overpredicted the peak rate (251 g ha(-1) h(-1)), and the others underpredicted the peak rate (16-67 g ha(-1) h(-1)). The simulations that limited aqueous solubility provided relatively similar values for the total emissions (21-37% of applied triallate), indicating that simplified models may compare well with measurements (31% of applied). A prospective simulation over a period of 100 days showed that applying triallate to the soil surface would ultimately lead to atmospheric emissions of 80% of the applied material with 6% remaining in soil. Incorporating triallate to a depth of 10 cm would reduce emissions to less than 5% and lead to 41% remaining in soil. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 22 BP 6963 EP 6968 DI 10.1021/es061303h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104FJ UT WOS:000241941700018 PM 17154002 ER PT J AU Glitzenstein, JS Streng, DR Achtemeier, GL Naeher, LP Wade, DD AF Glitzenstein, Jeff S. Streng, Donna R. Achtemeier, Gary L. Naeher, Luke P. Wade, Dale D. TI Fuels and fire behavior in chipped and unchipped plots: Implications for land management near the wildland/urban interface SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fuels; fire behavior; mechanical chipping; wildland/urban interface; flatwoods; southeastern coastal plain AB Fire behavior was measured and modeled from eight I ha experimental plots located in the Francis Marion National Forest, South Carolina, during prescribed burns on February 12 and February 20, 2003. Four of the plots had been subjected to mechanical chipping during 2002 to remove woody understory growth and to reduce large downed woody debris from the aftermath of Hurricane Hugo in 1989. The remaining four (control) plots were left untreated. The burns were low intensity (mean flame length = 36.2 cm) and slow moving (mean spread rate = 1.18 m min(-1)). Neither flame length nor rate of spread differed significantly between treatments (ANOVA F's < 0.5, P > 0.7, d.f. = 1,4). Post-burn observations provided somewhat more convincing evidence of treatment effects on fire behavior. According to transect data, only slightly more than half the area in the chip plots burned as compared to upwards of 80% in the burn-only plots. BehavePlus and Hough-Albini (HA) fire models correctly predicted the low intensity, slow moving fires given the observed wind and fuel moisture conditions. Accuracy of BehavePlus predictions depended on the value for fuel height entered in the model. Use of mean fuel height for the fuel depth parameter, as is typically recommended, somewhat overestimated fire hazard in the burn-only plots. However, limiting fuel height to the observed litter depth resulted in roughly accurate predictions. HA predictions for untreated fuels were close to correct even without adjusting fuel depth. When provided with two "high-risk" fuel and fire weather scenarios both models predicted more extreme fire behavior in the untreated fuels. In contrast, chipping appeared to protect against dangerous wildfires as long as fuel heights remained low. Smoke monitoring data from a companion study carried out in the same plots indicated a 60% reduction in smoke particulate production from chipped areas, roughly consistent with predictions of the fire effects model FOFEM. Mechanical chipping is apparently a useful method for limiting fire-hazard and smoke production in long-unburned fuels. However, questions remain concerning the long-term fate of heavy chip fuels and resultant effects on fire and smoke during severe drought. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Glitzenstein, JS (reprint author), Tall Timbers Res Stn, 13093 Henry Beadel Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. EM jeffglitz@aol.com NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 236 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.002 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 109IX UT WOS:000242302500003 ER PT J AU Chapman, RA Heitzman, E Shelton, MG AF Chapman, Ruth Ann Heitzman, Eric Shelton, Michael G. TI Long-term changes in forest structure and species composition of an upland oak forest in Arkansas SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance ecology; fire; forest stand dynamics; Ozark Mountains; upland oak forest ID MISSOURI OZARKS; FIRE; REGENERATION; MOUNTAINS; HISTORY; STANDS AB Describing long-term dynamics in oak stands is hindered by a lack of archival data. In this study, archival data from the 1934 inventory of a 673-ha area within the Sylamore Experimental Forest were compared to a recent 2002 inventory to quantify changes in forest structure and species composition of this upland oak forest in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas. When established in 1934, the Sylamore Experimental Forest was typical of the unharvested forests of the region that had a long history of frequent fires. Some improvement cutting was conducted after establishment and a fire prevention program was implemented, but little management occurred after 1960. From 1934 to 2002, total tree density increased from 364 to 1032 trees/ha and basal area from 10 to 23 m(2)/ha. Increases occurred among understory, midstory, and overstory trees for most species. However, declines were observed for Ozark chinkapin (Castanea ozarkensis Ashe.) and black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.). Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr.) is the most probable cause of the decline in chinkapin, but the decreases in black oak are less understood. In both inventories, oaks and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) dominated the overstory and midstory. Species composition changes primarily occurred in the understory. Among these smaller trees, fire-intolerant and shade-tolerant species were more important in 2002 than in 1934, while most oaks and shortleaf pine decreased in importance over time. We attribute the changes in forest structure and species composition primarily to changes in the disturbance regime. Before the 1920s, the study area burned repeatedly for at least 100 years. Frequent fires reduced tree establishment and recruitment and resulted in the relatively understocked conditions observed in 1934. In contrast, effective fire suppression beginning in the 1920s facilitated tree establishment and recruitment, increased the importance of fire-intolerant species, and resulted in the overstocked conditions observed in 2002. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Heitzman, E (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM eric.heitzman@mail.wvu.edu NR 46 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 236 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.341 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 109IX UT WOS:000242302500010 ER PT J AU Radeloff, VC Mladenoff, DJ Gustafson, EJ Scheller, RM Zollner, PA He, HS Akcakaya, HR AF Radeloff, Volker C. Mladenoff, David J. Gustafson, Eric J. Scheller, Robert M. Zollner, Patrick A. He, Hong S. Akcakaya, H. Resit TI Modeling forest harvesting effects on landscape pattern in the Northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE landscape ecology; simulation modeling; LANDIS; Pine Barrens; Wisconsin; forest harvesting; spatial pattern ID SPATIALLY EXPLICIT MODEL; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; FIRE REGIMES; SIMULATION APPROACH; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BROOD PARASITISM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BOREAL FORESTS; DISTURBANCE AB Forest management shapes landscape patterns, and these patterns often differ significantly from those typical for natural disturbance regimes. This may affect wildlife habitat and other aspects of ecosystem function. Our objective was to examine the effects of different forest management decisions on landscape pattern in a fire adapted ecosystem. We used a factorial design experiment in LANDIS (a forest landscape simulation model) to test the effects of: (a) cut unit size, (b) minimum harvest age and (c) target species for management. Our study area was the Pine Barrens of northwest Wisconsin, an area where fire suppression has caused a lack of large open areas important for wildlife. Our results show that all three management choices under investigation (cut unit size, minimum harvest age and target species for management) have strong effects on forest composition and landscape patterns. Cut unit size is the most important factor influencing landscape pattern, followed by target species for management (either jack pine or red pine) and then minimum harvest age. Open areas are more abundant, and their average size is larger, when cut units are larger, target species is jack pine, and minimum harvest age is lower. Such information can assist forest managers to relate stand level management decision to landscape patterns. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Appl Biomath, Setauket, NY 11733 USA. RP Radeloff, VC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM radeloff@wisc.edu RI Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008; Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009; Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010; OI Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929; Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029; He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 85 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 236 IS 1 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.007 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 109IX UT WOS:000242302500013 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, Mendel TI Potato glycoalkaloids and metabolites: Roles in the plant and in the diet SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE glycoalkaloids; alpha-chaconine; alpha-solanine; chemistry; analysis; biosynthesis; host-plant resistance; pharmacology; toxicology; beneficial effects; organic potatoes; transgenic potatoes; potato protein; food processing; food safety; human health ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED POTATOES; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; JIMSON WEED DATURA; UDP-GLUCOSE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; INDUCED MEMBRANE DISRUPTION; CHLOROGENIC ACID CONTENT AB Potatoes, members of the Solanaceae plant family, serve as major, inexpensive low-fat food sources providing energy (starch), high-quality protein, fiber, and vitamins. Potatoes also produce biologically active secondary metabolites, which may have both adverse and beneficial effects in the diet. These include glycoalkaloids, calystegine alkaloids, protease inhibitors, lectins, phenolic compounds, and chlorophyll. Because glycoalkaloids are reported to be involved in host-plant resistance and to have a variety of adverse as well as beneficial effects in cells, animals, and humans, a need exists to develop a clearer understanding of their roles both in the plant and in the diet. To contribute to this effort, this integrated review presents data on the (a) history of glycoalkaloids; (b) glycoalkaloid content in different parts of the potato plant, in processed potato products, and in wild, transgenic, and organic potatoes; (c) biosynthesis, inheritance, plant molecular biology, and glycoalkaloid-plant phytopathogen relationships; (d) dietary significance with special focus on the chemistry, analysis, and nutritional quality of low-glycoalkaloid potato protein; (e) pharmacology and toxicology of the potato glycoalkaloids comprising alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine and their hydrolysis products (metabolites); (f) anticarcinogenic and other beneficial effects; and (g) possible dietary consequences of concurrent consumption of glycoalkaloids and other biologically active compounds present in fresh and processed potatoes. An enhanced understanding of the multiple and overlapping aspects of glycoalkaloids in the plant and in the diet will benefit producers and consumers of potatoes. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 320 TC 176 Z9 183 U1 15 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 23 BP 8655 EP 8681 DI 10.1021/jf061471t PG 27 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 103AV UT WOS:000241857000001 PM 17090106 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Hakk, H Larsen, GL AF Smith, David J. Hakk, Heldur Larsen, Gerald L. TI Tissue distribution, elimination, and metabolism of sodium [Cl-36] perchlorate in lactating goats SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; total radioactive residue; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; lactating dairy goats; absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) ID TOTAL RADIOACTIVE RESIDUES; PARENT CHLORATE; DAIRY-COWS; MALE-RAT; NITRATE; MILK; EXPOSURE; CHLORIDE AB Perchlorate has contaminated water sources throughout the United States but particularly in the arid Southwest, an area containing large numbers of people and few water sources. Recent studies have demonstrated that perchlorate is present in alfalfa and that perchlorate is secreted into the milk of cows. Studies in lactating cows have indicated that only a small portion of a perchlorate dose could be accounted for by elimination in milk, feces, or urine. It was hypothesized that the remainder of the perchlorate dose was excreted as chloride ion. The purpose of this study was to determine the fate and disposition of Cl-36-perchlorate in lactating dairy goats. Two goats (60 kg) were each orally administered 3.5 mg (16.5 mu Ci) of Cl-36-perchlorate, a dose selected to approximate environmental perchlorate exposure but that would allow for adequate detection of radioactive residues after a 72 h withdrawal period. Blood, milk, urine, and feces were collected incrementally until slaughter at 72 h. Total radioactive residue (TRR) and perchlorate concentrations were measured using radiochemical techniques and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Peak blood levels of TRR occurred at 12 h (similar to 195 ppb) postdose; peak levels of parent perchlorate, however, occurred after only 2 h, suggesting that perchlorate metabolism occurred rapidly in the rumen. The serum half-life of perchlorate was estimated to be 2.3 h. After 24 h, perchlorate was not detectable in blood serum but TRR remained elevated (160 ppb) through 72 h. Milk perchlorate levels peaked at 12 h ( 155 ppb) and were no longer detectable by 36 h, even though TRRs were readily detected through 72 h. Perchlorate was not detectable in skeletal muscle or liver at slaughter ( 72 h). Chlorite and chlorate were not detected in any matrix. The only radioactive residues observed were perchlorate and chloride ion. Bioavailability of perchlorate was poor in lactating goats, but the perchlorate that was absorbed intact was rapidly eliminated in milk and urine. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Larsen, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM larseng@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 23 BP 8829 EP 8835 DI 10.1021/jf062033p PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 103AV UT WOS:000241857000025 PM 17090130 ER PT J AU Jin, FX Welch, R Glahn, R AF Jin, Fuxia Welch, Ross Glahn, Raymond TI Moving toward a more physiological model: Application of mucin to refine the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture system SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mucin; iron; iron bioavailability; in vitro digestion; Caco-2 ID IRON AVAILABILITY; INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM; NONANEMIC WOMEN; HUMAN-NUTRITION; DIETARY IRON; ABSORPTION; FERRITIN; TRANSPORT; BIOAVAILABILITY; LOCALIZATION AB The objective of this study was to determine if a combination of commercially available mucin and an 8 mu m microporous membrane insert can be used to replace the 15 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) dialysis membrane used in an established in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture system. Although the current model with the 15 kDa membrane correlates well with human studies, use of mucin may improve the system as the mucus layer is suspected to play a physiological role in Fe absorption. Use of mucin may also enable more complete assessment of iron bioavailability from large molecular weight forms of Fe such as heme and ferritin Fe. A range of foods or Fe (i.e., FeCl3 +/- ascorbic acid, cooked beef, red bean, white bean, soybean, horse spleen ferritin and plant-type ferritin) were subjected to in vitro digestion. In the presence of mucin, significantly more Fe was taken up from the heme Fe (86%) and ferritin (91%) samples and significantly less Fe was taken up from the white bean samples (similar to 70%) relative to the 15 kDa membrane. The results indicated that the forms of iron interact with mucin. The mucus layer has a significant effect on Fe uptake. Further refinement and characterization of the mucin method is needed before it can be deemed to be a suitable replacement for the dialysis membrane. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Glahn, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 23 BP 8962 EP 8967 DI 10.1021/jf061684i PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 103AV UT WOS:000241857000043 PM 17090148 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Mitchell, MJ Mayer, B AF Campbell, John L. Mitchell, Myron J. Mayer, Bernhard TI Isotopic assessment of NO3- and SO42- mobility during winter in two adjacent watersheds in the Adirondack Mountains, New York SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; STREAM WATER; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; NITROBACTER-AGILIS; CLIMATIC CONTROL; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; TRACING SOURCES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE AB [1] Biogeochemical cycling of N and S was examined at two watersheds in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, to better understand the retention and loss of these elements during winter and spring snowmelt. We analyzed stable isotope compositions of NO3- (delta N-15- NO3-, delta O-18-NO3-) and SO42- (delta S-34-SO42-, delta(18) O- SO42-), along with concentrations and fluxes of NO3- and SO42-, in precipitation, throughfall, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water, groundwater, and stream water. Isotopic results showed no evidence of NO3- and SO42- transformations in the forest canopy and snowpack; however, markedly decreased delta O-18 values of NO3- and SO42- in forest floor water suggest that microbial processing occurred in organic soil horizons. Similarly low delta O-18 values of NO3- and SO42- were observed in forest floor and mineral soil leachates, groundwater, and streams. Over the winter observation period, most of the NO3- and SO42- in stream water was from a watershed-derived source, whereas atmospheric contributions were relatively minor. Despite differences in soil water NO3- concentrations between watersheds, the isotopic composition of NO3- (delta N-15-NO3-, delta O-18-NO3-) was similar, and indicated that in both watersheds most of the NO3- was produced by nitrification in the forest soils. Although there was likely some contribution of SO42- from microbial oxidation of carbon-bonded sulfur, most of the stream water SO42- appeared to be derived from weathering of S-containing bedrock or parent material. The decreased delta O-18 values of NO3- and SO42- in upper soil horizons indicate that atmospheric deposition of N and S was not directly linked with stream water losses, even during winter and spring snowmelt. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. EM jlcampbell@fs.fed.us; mitchell@syr.edu; bmayer@ucalgaru.ca RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012 NR 86 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G4 AR G04007 DI 10.1029/2006JG000208 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 107MY UT WOS:000242176900002 ER PT J AU McGuire, KJ McDonnell, JJ AF McGuire, Kevin J. McDonnell, Jeffrey J. TI A review and evaluation of catchment transit time modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE residence time; transit time; isotope tracers; catchment hydrology; storage ID MEAN RESIDENCE TIME; LUMPED-PARAMETER MODELS; FORESTED HEADWATER CATCHMENT; FRACTAL STREAM CHEMISTRY; STABLE-ISOTOPE TRACERS; RUNOFF GENERATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER-BASIN AB Transit time is a fundamental catchment descriptor that reveals information about storage, flow pathways and source of water in a single characteristic. Given the importance of transit time, little guidance exists for the application of transit time modeling in complex catchment systems. This paper presents an evaluation and review of the transit time literature in the context of catchments and water transit time estimation. It is motivated by new and emerging interests in transit time estimation in catchment hydrology and the need to distinguish approaches and assumptions in groundwater applications from catchment applications. The review is focused on lumped parameter transit time modeling for water draining catchments and provides a critical analysis of unresolved issues when applied at the catchment-scale. These issues include: (1) input characterization, (2) recharge estimation, (3) data record length problems, (4) stream sampling issues, (5) selection of transit time distributions, and (6) model, evaluation. The intent is to promote new advances in catchment hydrology by clarifying and formalizing the assumptions, limitations, and methodologies in applying transit time models to catchments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Plymouth, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, Devon, England. NH & USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McGuire, KJ (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, Devon, England. EM kmcguire1@plymouth.edu RI McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010 OI McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956 NR 161 TC 283 Z9 287 U1 16 U2 187 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 330 IS 3-4 BP 543 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.020 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 105IN UT WOS:000242023700013 ER PT J AU Robbins, PS Alm, SR Armstrong, CD Averill, AL Baker, TC Bauernfiend, RJ Baxendale, FP Braman, SK Brandenburg, RL Cash, DB Couch, GJ Cowles, RS Crocker, RL DeLamar, ZD Dittl, TG Fitzpatrick, SM Flanders, KL Forgatsch, T Gibb, TJ Gill, BD Gilrein, DO Gorsuch, CS Hammond, AM Hastings, PD Held, DW Heller, PR Hiskes, RT Holliman, JL Hudson, WG Klein, MG Krischik, VL Lee, DJ Linn, CE Luce, NJ MacKenzie, KE Mannion, CM Polavarapu, S Potter, DA Roelofs, WL Royals, BM Salsbury, GA Schiff, NM Shetlar, DJ Skinner, M Sparks, BL Sutschek, JA Sutschek, TP Swier, SR Sylvia, MM Vickers, NJ Vittum, PJ Weidman, R Weber, DC Williamson, RC Villani, MG AF Robbins, Paul S. Alm, Steven R. Armstrong, Charles. D. Averill, Anne L. Baker, Thomas C. Bauernfiend, Robert J. Baxendale, Frederick P. Braman, S. Kris Brandenburg, Rick L. Cash, Daniel B. Couch, Gary J. Cowles, Richard S. Crocker, Robert L. DeLamar, Zandra D. Dittl, Timothy G. Fitzpatrick, Sheila M. Flanders, Kathy L. Forgatsch, Tom Gibb, Timothy J. Gill, Bruce D. Gilrein, Daniel O. Gorsuch, Clyde S. Hammond, Abner M. Hastings, Patricia D. Held, David W. Heller, Paul R. Hiskes, Rose T. Holliman, James L. Hudson, William G. Klein, Michael G. Krischik, Vera L. Lee, David J. Linn, Charles E., Jr. Luce, Nancy J. MacKenzie, Kenna E. Mannion, Catherine M. Polavarapu, Sridhar Potter, Daniel A. Roelofs, Wendell L. Royals, Brian M. Salsbury, Glenn A. Schiff, Nathan M. Shetlar, David J. Skinner, Margaret Sparks, Beverly L. Sutschek, Jessica A. Sutschek, Timothy P. Swier, Stanley R. Sylvia, Martha M. Vickers, Neil J. Vittum, Patricia J. Weidman, Richard Weber, Donald C. Williamson, R. Chris Villani, Michael G. TI Trapping Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Melolonthinae) in the United States and Canada using sex attractants SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHITE GRUB; PHEROMONE; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; BEETLES; MOTH AB The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species ( Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified. Three major findings included: ( 1) widespread use of the two compounds [ of the 147 Phyllophaga ( sensu stricto) species found in the United States and Canada, males of nearly 40% were captured]; ( 2) in most species intraspecific male response to the pheromone blends was stable between years and over geography; and ( 3) an unusual pheromone polymorphism was described from P. anxia. Populations at some locations were captured with L-valine methyl ester alone, whereas populations at other locations were captured with L-isoleucine methyl ester alone. At additional locations, the L-valine methyl ester-responding populations and the L-isoleucine methyl ester-responding populations were both present, producing a bimodal capture curve. In southeastern Massachusetts and in Rhode Island, in the United States, P. anxia males were captured with blends of L-valine methyl ester and L-isoleucine methyl ester. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Expt Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Cornell Univ, Middletown, NY USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Windsor, CT USA. Texas Dept Agr, Austin, TX USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Ocean Spray Cranberries, Babcock, WI USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Canada. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Ctr Plant Quarantine Pests, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Cornell Univ, Riverhead, NY USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Biloxi, MS USA. Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Marion Junct, AL USA. Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. New York State Tree Nursery, Saratoga Springs, NY USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada. Univ Florida, Homestead, FL USA. Rutgers State Univ, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Kansas Dept Agr, Greensburg, KS USA. USDA Forest Serv, Stoneville, MS USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Cranberry Expt Stn, Wareham, MN USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Robbins, PS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM psr1@cornell.edu; stevealm@uri.edu; charlesa@umext.maine.edu; aaverill@ent.umass.edu; tcb10@psu.edu; rbauernf@oz.oznet.ksu.edu; fbaxendale1@unl.edu; kbraman@griffin.uga.edu; rick_brandenburg@ncsu.edu; dbcash@cnyti.com; gjc15@cornell.edu; richard.cowles@po.state.ct.us; robert.crocker@agr.state.tx.us; zd289coupe@yahoo.com; tdittl@oceanspray.com; fitzpatricks@agr.gc.ca; flandkl@auburn.edu; osonegro@peoplepc.com; gibb@purdue.edu; gillbd@inspection.gc.ca; dog1@cornell.edu; csgorsuch@att.net; ahammond@agcenter.lsu.edu; hastings@aesop.rutgers.edu; dwh56@ra.msstate.edu; prh@psu.edu; jhollima@acesag.auburn.edu; wghudson@uga.edu; klein.10@osu.edu; krisc001@tc.umn.edu; djlee@gw.dec.state.ny.us; cel1@cornell.edu; nluce@psis.umass.edu; mackenziek@agr.gc.ca; cmannion@mail.ifas.ufl.edu; dapotter@uky.edu; wlr1@cornell.edu; brian_royals@ncsu.edu; gsalsbury@sbcglobal.net; nschiff@asrr.arsusda.gov; shetlar.1@osu.edu; margaret.skinner@uvm.edu; bsparks@uga.edu; jessie_sutschek@yahoo.com; stan.swier@unh.edu; martys@umext.umass.edu; vickers@biology.utah.edu; pvittum@ent.umass.edu; weidman@rcre.rutgers.edu; weberd@ba.ars.usda.gov; rcwillie@entomology.wisc.edu RI Shetlar, David/A-3020-2015 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 39 PG 124 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 123CP UT WOS:000243274200001 ER PT J AU Margaryan, A Moaddel, R Aldrich, JR Tsuruda, JM Chen, AM Leal, WS Wainer, IW AF Margaryan, Armenak Moaddel, Ruin Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Tsuruda, Jennifer M. Chen, Angela M. Leal, Walter S. Wainer, Irving W. TI Synthesis of an immobilized Bombyx mori pheromone-binding protein liquid chromatography stationary phase SO TALANTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop of the European-Union CY OCT 20-21, 2005 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP European Union DE affinity chromatography; screening; conformational mobility; odorant binding protein ID DROSOPHILA; ANTENNA; MOTH; PH AB The pheromone-binding protein from the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori (BmorPBP) has been covalently bonded to a liquid chromatographic stationary phase. The resulting column was evaluated using radiolabeled bombykol and the immobilized protein retained its ability to bind this ligand. The data also demonstrate that the BmorPBP column was able to distinguish between four compounds, and rank them in their relative order of affinity for the protein from highest to lowest: bombykol > bombykal > 1-hexadecanol > (ZE)-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol, and that the immobilized BmorPBP retained its pH-dependent conformational mobility. The results of this study demonstrate that pheromone-binding protein from the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori and an odorant binding protein (OBP) obtained from the female mosquito Culex quinquefasciatoes have been immobilized on a silica support with retention of ligand-binding activity. The data indicate that proteins from non-mammalian organisms can be used to create liquid chromatography affinity columns. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wainer, IW (reprint author), NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM Wainerir@grc.nia.nih.gov OI Leal, Walter/0000-0002-6800-1240 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 752 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.01.046 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 097XC UT WOS:000241481800010 PM 18970835 ER PT J AU Scott, TR Lillehoj, HS AF Scott, T. R. Lillehoj, H. S. TI Monoclonal antibodies against chicken interleukin-6 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; interleukin-6; monoclonal antibodies ID PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE; BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; ANTI-IL-6 ANTIBODIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROSTATE-CANCER; CELLS; INFECTION; RESPONSES AB Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were produced against a recombinant (r) chicken interleukin-6 (IL-6). Eight mAbs produced were tested for isotype; ability to inhibit recombinant forms of chicken (ch), human (h) and murine (m) IL-6; and recognition of rchIL-6 by Western immunoblotting. The mAb isotypes were represented by IgG(1) (one), IgG(2a) (six) and IgG(2b) (one). In a mouse B9 hybridoma cell bioassay with rmIL-6, four mAbs effectively inhibited activity of rmIL-6. Further bioassays with the four mAbs at varying concentrations showed that two of these mAbs (1.20.7 and 1.26.4) were quite effective at inhibiting rmIL-6. Recombinant forms of ch, h and mIL-6 were all tested in a bioassay with the most potent inhibiting mAb (1.26.4), and this mAb was effective in inhibiting all three recombinant IL-6 proteins. Western immunoblotting revealed identification of the original IL-6 immunogen used for mAb production. Based upon inhibition of IL-6 activity in a standard bioassay and IL-6 recognition by Western immunoblotting, mAb 1.26.4 was judged the most useful antibody for future studies and applications. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Scott, TR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, 123 P&AS Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM trscott@clemson.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.07.009 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 097CD UT WOS:000241423000017 PM 16930722 ER PT J AU Ganesh, OK Green, TB Edisono, AS Hagen, SJ AF Ganesh, Omjoy K. Green, Terry B. Edisono, Arthur S. Hagen, Stephen J. TI Characterizing the residue level folding of the intrinsically unstructured IA(3) SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE-RESONANCE NMR; ISOTOPICALLY ENRICHED PROTEINS; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ASPARTIC PROTEINASE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRIFLUOROETHANOL; INHIBITOR; PEPTIDES AB Residue level analysis of the folding of simple proteins may hold the key to understanding folding pathways and aid in structure prediction. IA(3), the endogenous inhibitor of yeast aspartic proteinase A ( YPrA), is an unstructured protein in solution. Comparison of the 2D N-15-HSQC spectra of IA3 in water and in 23% 2,2,2- trifluoroethanol (TFE) shows that the individual residue cross peaks of IA3 become more dispersed in the presence of TFE, indicating that the protein undergoes an unstructured to structured transition in the presence of TFE. This transition can be monitored by the movements of the cross peaks. Following the individual cross peaks, however, is complicated and does not establish whether a single transition occurs globally in the sequence. In this equilibrium study, we apply singular value decomposition (SVD) to elucidate both the main features of the TFE- driven transition and the residue-level deviations from the average behavior. This analysis has yielded a two-state folding description as well as specifics of NMR frequency shifts of individual residues, indicating that the N- terminus of IA3 has a higher helical propensity than the C- terminus. Additionally, we discuss possible mechanisms for observed deviations from a two- state folding transition. When combined with a traditional biochemical understanding of interactions between individual residues, this approach leads to a better understanding of protein folding. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Hagen, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, POB 118440, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sjhagen@ufl.edu RI Hagen, Stephen/E-9737-2015 OI Hagen, Stephen/0000-0002-3373-5033 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR016105] NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 45 BP 13585 EP 13596 DI 10.1021/bi061358w PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 102JZ UT WOS:000241808300019 PM 17087512 ER PT J AU Loescher, HW Law, BE Mahrt, L Hollinger, DY Campbell, J Wofsy, SC AF Loescher, H. W. Law, B. E. Mahrt, L. Hollinger, D. Y. Campbell, J. Wofsy, S. C. TI Uncertainties in, and interpretation of, carbon flux estimates using the eddy covariance technique SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID SOIL CO2 EFFLUX; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; NOCTURNAL DRAINAGE FLOW; LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUXES AB [ 1] Whole ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange estimated with the eddy covariance (EC) technique has been central to studies on the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to disturbance and intra-annual and interannual variations in climate, but challenges exist in understanding and reducing the uncertainty in estimates of net ecosystem exchange ( NEE) of CO2. We review the potential uncertainties associated with the eddy covariance technique, including systematic errors from insensitivity to high-frequency turbulence, random errors from inadequate sample size associated with averaging period, vertical and horizontal advection issues, and selection criteria for removing periods of inadequate mixing from further analyses. We also discuss benefits and caveats of using independent measurements to evaluate EC-derived NEE, such as comparisons of EC-derived annual NEE and allometric net ecosystem production estimates (NEP) and interpretation of nighttime NEE with scaled chamber-based estimates of ecosystem respiration. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Loescher, HW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hank.loescher@oregonstate.edu; mahrt@coas.oregonstate.edu; dhollinger@fs.fed.us; wofsy@fas.harvard.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; OI Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 191 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21S90 DI 10.1029/2005JD006932 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MN UT WOS:000242175800004 ER PT J AU Qin, JW Lu, RF AF Qin, Jianwei Lu, Renfu TI Hyperspectral diffuse reflectance imaging for rapid, noncontact measurement of the optical properties of turbid materials SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED REFLECTANCE; NONINVASIVE DETERMINATION; INTERNAL QUALITY; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; TISSUE; ABSORPTION; LIGHT; COEFFICIENTS; FRUIT AB We present a method and technique of using hyperspectral diffuse reflectance for rapid determination of the optical properties of turbid media. A hyperspectral imaging system in line scanning mode was used to acquire spatial diffuse reflectance profiles from liquid phantoms made up of absorbing dyes and fat emulsion scatterers over the spectral range of 450-1000 nm instantaneously. The hyperspectral reflectance data were analyzed by using a steady-state diffusion approximation model for semi-infinite homogeneous media. A calibration procedure was developed to compensate the nonuniform instrument response of the imaging system, and a curve-fitting algorithm was used to extract absorption and reduced scattering coefficients ( mu(a) and mu(s) respectively) for the phantoms in the wavelength range from 530 to 900 nm. The hyperspectral imaging system gave good measures of mu(a) and mu(s)' for the phantoms with average fitting errors of 12% and 7%, respectively. The hyperspectral imaging technique is fast, noncontact, and easy to use, which makes it especially suitable for measurement of the optical properties of turbid liquid and solid foods. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Qin, JW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 32 BP 8366 EP 8373 DI 10.1364/AO.45.008366 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 103MA UT WOS:000241888200026 PM 17068584 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC Perry, RH AF Byrdwell, William Craig Perry, Richard H. TI Liquid chromatography with dual parallel mass spectrometry and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for analysis of sphingomyelin and dihydrosphingomyelin - I. Bovine brain and chicken egg yolk SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE sphingolipids; sphingomyelin; dihydrosphingomyelin; APCI-MS; ESI-MS ID HUMAN LENS MEMBRANES; LONG-CHAIN BASES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; LIPID RAFTS; STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; POLAR LIPIDS; SPHINGOLIPIDS; MILK; IDENTIFICATION AB Liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS), in parallel, was used for detection of bovine brain and chicken egg sphingolipids (SLs). APCI-MS mass spectra exhibited mostly ceramide-like fragment ions. [Cer-H2O+H](+) and [Cer-2H(2)O+H](+), whereas ESI-MS produced mostly intact protonated molecules, [M+H](+). APCI-MS/MS and MS3 were used to differentiate between isobaric SLs. APCI-MS/MS mass spectra exhibited long-chain base related fragments, [LCB](+) and [LCB-H2O](+), that allowed the sphinganine backbone to be differentiated from the sphingenine backbone. Fragments formed from the fatty amide chain, [FA(long)](+) and [FA(short)](+), allowed an overall fatty acid composition to be determined. The presence of both dihydrosphingomyelin (DSM) and sphingomyelin (SM) sphingolipid classes was confirmed using P-31 NMR spectroscopy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, FCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Byrdwell, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, FCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Byrdwell@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 1133 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.014 PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 101WV UT WOS:000241772800019 PM 16938303 ER PT J AU Peng, CYA Ferreira, JFS Wood, AJ AF Peng, Congyue A. Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Wood, Andrew J. TI Direct analysis of artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Artemisia annua; artemisinin; chromatography; HPLC; GC ID DIHYDROARTEMISININ; EXTRACTION AB Since the isolation of artemisinin 32 years ago, it has been analyzed by different chromatographic techniques. This work compared the analysis of artemisinin from crude plant samples by GC with flame ionization detection (GC FID) and HPLC with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). Data is also presented indicating that GC is suitable for the quantification of two of artemisinin precursors (arteannuin B and artemisinic acid) if a mass spectrometer is available. GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD were chosen because of their low cost compared to other detection methods, their ease of operation compared to HPLC with electrochemical detection, and because neither require artemisinin derivatization. Both GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD provided sensitive (ng level) and reproducible results for the analysis of artemisinin from field plants, with a correlation coefficient of r(2) = 0.86 between the two methods. Both methods could be easily adapted to the analysis of pharmaceutical-grade artemisinin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Ferreira, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM jorge.ferreira@ars.usda.gov OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 14 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 1133 IS 1-2 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.043 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 101WV UT WOS:000241772800029 PM 16952365 ER PT J AU Arroyo, LA Healey, SP Cohen, WB Cocero, D Manzanera, JA AF Arroyo, Lara A. Healey, Sean P. Cohen, Warren B. Cocero, David Manzanera, Jose A. TI Using object-oriented classification and high-resolution imagery to map fuel types in a Mediterranean region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LANDSAT TM; MULTIRESOLUTION; INFORMATION; EXTRACTION; ACCURACY; ETM+ AB [1] Knowledge of fuel load and composition is critical in fighting, preventing, and understanding wildfires. Commonly, the generation of fuel maps from remotely sensed imagery has made use of medium-resolution sensors such as Landsat. This paper presents a methodology to generate fuel type maps from high spatial resolution satellite data through object-oriented classification. Fuel maps were derived from QuickBird imagery, which offers a panchromatic and four multispectral bands ranging from 0.61 to 2.44 m resolution. The image used for this paper dated from July 2002 and is located in the NW region of Madrid, Spain. The Prometheus system, a fuel type classification adapted to the ecological characteristics of the European Mediterranean basin, was adopted for this study. Viewed with high-resolution imagery, fuel-related features are often aggregations of pixels exhibiting a variety of spectral properties. Correct identification and classification of these objects requires an explicit consideration of spatial context. We used an object-oriented approach, which allowed context consideration during the classification process, as a complement to traditional pixel-based methods. The map created with this approach was assessed to have greater than 80% accuracy for the prediction of six fuel classes. Results suggested that object-oriented classification of high-resolution imagery has the potential to create accurate and spatially precise fuel maps. C1 IMIDRA, E-28800 Alcala De Henares, Spain. Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dept Geog, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Montes, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Arroyo, LA (reprint author), IMIDRA, Autovia A-2 Km 38, E-28800 Alcala De Henares, Spain. EM lara.arroyo@madrid.org NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G4 AR G04S04 DI 10.1029/2005JG000120 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 104UL UT WOS:000241984900001 ER PT J AU Risatti, GR Holinka, LG Carrillo, C Kutish, GF Lu, Z Tulman, ER Sainz, IF Borca, MV AF Risatti, G. R. Holinka, L. G. Carrillo, C. Kutish, G. F. Lu, Z. Tulman, E. R. Sainz, I. Fernandez Borca, M. V. TI Identification of a novel virulence determinant within the E2 structural glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE virulence; pathogenesis; attenuation; vaccine; protection; glycoproteins; classical swine fever virus ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; FULL-LENGTH CDNA; PROTEINS E-RNS; CELL-CULTURE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HEPARAN-SULFATE; INFECTIOUS RNA; N-PRO; PESTIVIRUS; REPLICATION AB Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 glycoprotein contains a discrete epitope (TAVSPTTLR, residues 829-837 of CSFV polyprotein) recognized by monoclonal antibody (mAb) WH303, used to differentiate CSFV from related ruminant pestiviruses, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV), that infect swine without causing disease. Progressive mutations were introduced into mAb WH303 epitope in CSFV virulent strain Brescia (BICv) to obtain the homologous amino acid sequence of BVDV strain NADL E2 (TSFNMDTLA). In vitro growth of mutants T1v (TSFSPTTLR), T2v (TSFNPTTLR), T3v (TSFNMTTLR) was similar to parental BICv, while mutants T4v (TSFNMDTLR) and T5v (TSFNMDTLA) exhibited a 10-fold decrease in virus yield and reduced plaque size. In vivo, T1v, T2v or T3v induced lethal disease, T4v induced mild and transient disease and T5v induced mild clinical signs. Protection against BICv challenge was observed at 3 and 21 days post-T5v infection. These results indicate that E2 residues TAVSPTTLR play a significant role in CSFV virulence. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS NAA, Plum Island Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. DHS, Plum Island Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS NAA, Plum Island Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM guillermo.risatti@uconn.edu; lholinka@piadc.ars.usda.gov; consuelo.carrillo@aphis.usda.gov; gkutish@asrr.arsusda.gov; zlu@piadc.ars.usda.gov; edan.tulman@uconn.edu; ijfsainz@hotmail.com; mborca@piadc.ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 35 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.07.005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 101KQ UT WOS:000241740100010 PM 16908042 ER PT J AU Clawson, ML Heaton, MP Keele, JW Smith, TPL Harhay, GP Laegreid, WW AF Clawson, Michael L. Heaton, Michael P. Keele, John W. Smith, Timothy P. L. Harhay, Gregory P. Laegreid, William W. TI Prion gene haplotypes of US cattle SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE VARIATION; PROTEIN GENE; BEEF-CATTLE; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMAN GENOME; VARIANT CJD; BOVINE; PRNP; POLYMORPHISM; BSE AB Background: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE) is a fatal neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of a protease- resistant isoform of the prion protein. Characterizing linkage disequilibrium ( LD) and haplotype networks within the bovine prion gene ( PRNP) is important for 1) testing rare or common PRNP variation for an association with BSE and 2) interpreting any association of PRNP alleles with BSE susceptibility. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms and haplotypes within PRNP from the promoter region through the 3' UTR in a diverse sample of U. S. cattle genomes. Results: A 25.2- kb genomic region containing PRNP was sequenced from 192 diverse U. S. beef and dairy cattle. Sequence analyses identified 388 total polymorphisms, of which 287 have not previously been reported. The polymorphism alleles define PRNP by regions of high and low LD. High LD is present between alleles in the promoter region through exon 2 ( 6.7 kb). PRNP alleles within the majority of intron 2, the entire coding sequence and the untranslated region of exon 3 are in low LD ( 18.0 kb). Two haplotype networks, one representing the region of high LD and the other the region of low LD yielded nineteen different combinations that represent haplotypes spanning PRNP. The haplotype combinations are tagged by 19 polymorphisms ( htSNPS) which characterize variation within and across PRNP. Conclusion: The number of polymorphisms in the prion gene region of U. S. cattle is nearly four times greater than previously described. These polymorphisms define PRNP haplotypes that may influence BSE susceptibility in cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Clawson, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM clawson@email.marc.usda.gov; heaton@email.marc.usda.gov; keele@email.marc.usda.gov; smith@email.marc.usda.gov; harhay@email.marc.usda.gov; laegreid@email.marc.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009; OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 51 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-7-51 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 107SR UT WOS:000242191800001 PM 17092337 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ AF Liu, Yongqiang TI North Pacific warming and intense northwestern U.S. wildfires SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; US PRECIPITATION; EL-NINO; ANOMALIES; PATTERNS; FIRE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; WINTER AB The tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies such as La Nina have been an important predictor for wildfires in the southeastern and southwestern U.S. This study seeks seasonal predictors for wildfires in the northwestern U.S., a region with the most intense wildfires among various continental U. S. regions. Singular value decomposition and regression techniques are applied to summer wildfire and current and antecedent SST conditions during a period of 23 years. It is found that warming in the North Pacific is a major feature in the SST spatial pattern related to intense Northwest wildfires. The warming appeared in all the major wildfire events during the past two decades. The relation is statistically significant. The North Pacific SST, therefore, has potential to be a predictor for seasonal Northwest wildfires. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 21 AR L21710 DI 10.1029/2006GL027442 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 104TS UT WOS:000241982900004 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Bradford, JM AF Malik, Nasir S. A. Bradford, Joe M. TI Changes in oleuropein levels during differentiation and development of floral buds in 'Arbequina' olives SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE oleuropein; Arbequina; olives; phenolics; flowering; fruiting ID PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; MATURATION; OIL; POLYPHENOLS; HYDROLYSIS AB Oleuropein is the most abundant biologically active phenolic compound in olives. It has been extensively studied for human health benefits but its role in plant development processes has received limited attention. Changes in the levels of oleuropein during early stages of flower formation and during fruit development and maturation were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Oleuropein and other phenolic compounds were identified by comparing retention time and UV spectra with standard compounds using photodiode array detectors. Quantitative measurements were based on peak areas relative to standards. Oleuropein levels sharply decreased during the transition from vegetative to flower buds, consistent with earlier reports that higher levels of exogenously applied oleuropein inhibited flowering in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Oleuropein levels rapidly increased with the expansion of fertilized pistils and then sharply declined with fruit maturity. There was only a modest decline in oleuropein levels between immature and fully expanded leaves. Hesperidin, which occurs in relatively small amounts, also declined considerably during early floral buds formation. Maximum levels of verbascoside were found in fully developed green fruits while maximum levels of luteolin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-4-O-glucoside were found in fully expanded leaves. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Malik, NSA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM nmalik@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 274 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.07.016 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 102AB UT WOS:000241781900008 ER PT J AU Hyten, DL Song, QJ Zhu, YL Choi, IY Nelson, RL Costa, JM Specht, JE Shoemaker, RC Cregan, PB AF Hyten, David L. Song, Qijian Zhu, Youlin Choi, Ik-Young Nelson, Randall L. Costa, Jose M. Specht, James E. Shoemaker, Randy C. Cregan, Perry B. TI Impacts of genetic bottlenecks on soybean genome diversity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE artificial selection; crop domestication; genetic diversity; SNPs ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MOLECULAR POPULATION-GENETICS; DNA-SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; GRASSES; WILD AB Soybean has undergone several genetic bottlenecks. These include domestication in Asia to produce numerous Asian landraces, introduction of relatively few landraces to North America, and then selective breeding over the past 75 years. It is presumed that these three human-mediated events have reduced genetic diversity. We sequenced 111 fragments from 102 genes in four soybean populations representing the populations before and after genetic bottlenecks. We show that soybean has lost many rare sequence variants and has undergone numerous allele frequency changes throughout its history. Although soybean genetic diversity has been eroded by human selection after domestication, it is notable that modern cultivars have retained 72% of the sequence diversity present in the Asian landraces but lost 79% of rare alleles (frequency <= 0.10) found in the Asian landraces. Simulations indicated that the diversity lost through the genetic bottlenecks of introduction and plant breeding was mostly due to the small number of Asian introductions and not the artificial selection subsequently imposed by selective breeding. The bottleneck with the most impact was domestication; when the low sequence diversity present in the wild species was halved, 81% of the rare alleles were lost, and 60% of the genes exhibited evidence of significant allele frequency changes. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Illinois, Soybeam Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM creganp@ba.ars.usda.gov RI CHOI, Ik-Young/H-3366-2012; OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 NR 35 TC 241 Z9 261 U1 7 U2 59 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 45 BP 16666 EP 16671 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604379103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 104PB UT WOS:000241969500010 PM 17068128 ER PT J AU Jann, OC Aerts, J Jones, M Hastings, N Law, A McKay, S Marques, E Prasad, A Yu, J Moore, SS Floriot, S Mahe, MF Eggen, A Silveri, L Negrini, R Milanesi, E Ajmone-Marsan, P Valentini, A Marchitelli, C Savarese, MC Janitz, M Herwig, R Hennig, S Gorni, C Connor, EE Sonstegard, TS Smith, T Drogmuller, C Williams, JL AF Jann, Oliver C. Aerts, Jan Jones, Michelle Hastings, Nicola Law, Andy McKay, Stephanie Marques, Elisa Prasad, Aparna Yu, Jody Moore, Stephen S. Floriot, Sandrine Mahe, Marie-Francoise Eggen, Andre Silveri, Licia Negrini, Riccardo Milanesi, Elisabetta Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo Valentini, Alessio Marchitelli, Cinzia Savarese, Maria C. Janitz, Michal Herwig, Ralf Hennig, Steffen Gorni, Chiara Connor, Erin E. Sonstegard, Tad S. Smith, Timothy Droegmueller, Cord Williams, John L. TI A second generation radiation hybrid map to aid the assembly of the bovine genome sequence SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PHYSICAL MAP; LINKAGE MAP; GENE; CATTLE; LOCALIZATION; CHROMOSOME-15; ASSIGNMENT; MICROSATELLITES; DROSOPHILA AB Background: Several approaches can be used to determine the order of loci on chromosomes and hence develop maps of the genome. However, all mapping approaches are prone to errors either arising from technical deficiencies or lack of statistical support to distinguish between alternative orders of loci. The accuracy of the genome maps could be improved, in principle, if information from different sources was combined to produce integrated maps. The publicly available bovine genomic sequence assembly with 6 x coverage (Btau_2.0) is based on whole genome shotgun sequence data and limited mapping data however, it is recognised that this assembly is a draft that contains errors. Correcting the sequence assembly requires extensive additional mapping information to improve the reliability of the ordering of sequence scaffolds on chromosomes. The radiation hybrid ( RH) map described here has been contributed to the international sequencing project to aid this process. Results: An RH map for the 30 bovine chromosomes is presented. The map was built using the Roslin 3000-rad RH panel (BovGen RH map) and contains 3966 markers including 2473 new loci in addition to 262 amplified fragment-length polymorphisms (AFLP) and 1231 markers previously published with the first generation RH map. Sequences of the mapped loci were aligned with published bovine genome maps to identify inconsistencies. In addition to differences in the order of loci, several cases were observed where the chromosomal assignment of loci differed between maps. All the chromosome maps were aligned with the current 6 x bovine assembly (Btau_2.0) and 2898 loci were unambiguously located in the bovine sequence. The order of loci on the RH map for BTA 5, 7, 16, 22, 25 and 29 differed substantially from the assembled bovine sequence. From the 2898 loci unambiguously identified in the bovine sequence assembly, 131 mapped to different chromosomes in the BovGen RH map. Conclusion: Alignment of the BovGen RH map with other published RH and genetic maps showed higher consistency in marker order and chromosome assignment than with the current 6 x sequence assembly. This suggests that the bovine sequence assembly could be significantly improved by incorporating additional independent mapping information. C1 Roslin Inst, Div Genet & Genom, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. INRA, Ctr Rech Jouy En Josas, Lab Genet Biochim & Cytogenet, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Zootecn, I-29100 Piacenza, Italy. Univ Tuscia, Dept Anim Prod, Viterbo, Italy. Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Dept Vertebrate Genom, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RZPD, German Resource Ctr Genome Res, D-14059 Berlin, Germany. Parco Tecnol Padano, I-26900 Lodi, Italy. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Genet & Anim Breeding, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. RP Jann, OC (reprint author), Roslin Inst, Div Genet & Genom, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Oliver.Jann@bbsrc.ac.uk; jan.aerts@bbsrc.ac.uk; michelle.jones@quintiles.com; nicola.hastings@bbsrc.ac.uk; andy.law@bbsrc.ac.uk; sdmckay@ualberta.ca; emarques@ualberta.ca; aparnap@ualberta.ca; jody.yu@ualberta.ca; Stephen.moore@ualberta.ca; sandrine.floriot@cegetel.net; marie-francoise.mahe@jouy.inra.fr; Andre.Eggen@jouy.inra.fr; licia.silveri@unicatt.it; riccardo.negrini@unicatt.it; elisabetta.milanesi@unicatt.it; paolo.ajmone@unicatt.it; alessio@unitus.it; marchite@unitus.it; marilina@unitus.it; janitz@molgen.mpg.de; herwig@molgen.mpg.de; hennig@molgen.mpg.de; Chiara.gorni@tecnoparco.org; econnor@anri.barc.usda.gov; tads@anri.barc.usda.gov; smith@email.marc.usda.gov; cord.droegemueller@itz.unibe.ch; john.williams@tecnoparco.org RI Aerts, Jan/C-4374-2008; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013; valentini, alessio/L-3970-2013; Janitz, Michael/E-9823-2015; Prasad, Aparna/N-4253-2015; OI valentini, alessio/0000-0003-4733-7519; Janitz, Michael/0000-0002-4878-0259; Prasad, Aparna/0000-0002-6786-2313; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957; Drogemuller, Cord/0000-0001-9773-522X FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18276] NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 6 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 283 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-283 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 105PP UT WOS:000242045100001 PM 17087818 ER PT J AU Barton, FE de Haseth, JA Himmelsbach, DS AF Barton, F. E., II de Haseth, James A. Himmelsbach, D. S. TI The use of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy to characterize instrumental differences SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2DCOS-3) CY AUG 12-14, 2005 CL Delavan, WI DE two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy; interferometer; chemometric AB In looking for a way to examine the utility of commercial instrumentation capable of performing the measurement of stickiness in cotton, a means of evaluating the way these nine instruments performed against the research grade spectrometer was required. While all of the instruments had the potential analytical capability of measuring sticky cotton, some were more expensive than the industry would afford and would require even more costly hardening to be used in a cotton gin or spinning plant and some were concept commercial instruments without published performance data. Regardless, the calibration would need to be transferred to any of these new instruments. While there are existing algorithms to do this, it is imperative to understand the differences between instrument platforms. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) has been used to characterize instrumental differences which will affect performance, stability and reliability. The 2DCOS programs were re-written in MATLAB ver. 6.51 to get on a common format with the newer instruments and the special purpose instruments which utilize MATLAB for data functions. The instruments used in the complete calibration studies of sticky cotton and those that we examined as possible rugged small instruments were evaluated for their instrument function parameters. The possibilities for using 2DCOS for instrument characterization will be explored for the small instruments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM wbarton@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 6 PY 2006 VL 799 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.02.063 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 107FS UT WOS:000242156700034 ER PT J AU Lange, KC Olcott, DD Miller, JE Mosjidis, JA Terrill, TH Burke, JM Kearney, MT AF Lange, K. C. Olcott, D. D. Miller, J. E. Mosjidis, J. A. Terrill, T. H. Burke, J. M. Kearney, M. T. TI Effect of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) fed as hay, on natural and experimental Haemonchus contortus infections in lambs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sheep; Haemonchus contortus; sericea lespedeza; condensed tannins ID CONDENSED TANNINS; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; SAINFOIN HAY; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS; GOATS; EFFICACY; FORAGE; SHEEP; LOUISIANA AB Parasitic infection is one of the leading economic constraints in small ruminant production. This problem is exacerbated as the resistance of nematode populations to chemical treatment (anthelmintics) becomes increasingly more common. Condensed tannin (CT) containing plants are being investigated as alternative solutions to address these problems. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of the CT containing forage, Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza, SL) fed as hay, on Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep. Naturally and experimentally infected lambs were fed either SL or bermudagrass (BG, control) hay for 49 days. All lambs were fed BG hay for an additional 14 days. SL hay effectively reduced (67-98%) fecal egg count (FEC) during the time of feeding for both infection groups. FEC increased in both infection groups after SL feeding was stopped which indicated an effect on fecundity. SL hay feeding also reduced worm numbers, with more of an effect on reducing naturally infected worm burdens (67.2%) than on establishment of incoming larvae (26.1%). SL fed as hay may be more useful to remove existing worms than establishing worms. The decrease in FEC would have the benefit of reduced pasture contamination. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jmille1@lsu.edu NR 33 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 5 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.001 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 101DV UT WOS:000241720000010 PM 16857320 ER PT J AU Santin, M Trout, JM Vecino, JAC Dubey, JP Fayer, R AF Santin, Monica Trout, James M. Vecino, Jesus A. Cortes Dubey, J. P. Fayer, Ronald TI Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Bogota (Colombia) and genotyping of isolates SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cats; Cryptosporiditon; Enterocytozoon bieneusi; genotypes; Giardia; PCR ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION; UNITED-KINGDOM; DOMESTIC CATS; FECAL SAMPLES; 1ST DETECTION; DAIRY CALVES; PREVALENCE; HUMANS; INFECTIONS AB The prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Bogota (Colombia) was determined from fecal specimens and scrapings of duodenal and ileal mucosa screened by PCR. All PCR-positive specimens were sequenced to determine the genotype(s) present. Of 46 cats, 6 (13%) were positive for Cryptosporidium, 5 (11%) were infected with C. felis and one (2%) with C. muris. Three (6.5%) cats were infected with Giardia duodenalis Assemblage F. Eight (17%) cats were infected with four genotypes of E. bieneusi: genotype D-like (9%), K (4%), Peru 10 (2%), and Peru 5 (2%). This is the first report on the presence of zoonotic species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi in cats in Colombia. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Parasitol Lab, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Bogota, Colombia. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda-gov NR 41 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 5 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 3-4 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.004 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 101DV UT WOS:000241720000020 PM 16860480 ER PT J AU Zabala, G Zou, JJ Tuteja, J Gonzalez, DO Clough, SJ Vodkin, LO AF Zabala, Gracia Zou, Jijun Tuteja, Jigyasa Gonzalez, Delkin O. Clough, Steven J. Vodkin, Lila O. TI Transcriptome changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway of Glycine max in response to Pseudomonas syringae infection SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; SYNTHASE MESSENGER-RNA; CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; F SP GLYCINEA; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; PLANT DEFENSE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHYTOALEXIN SYNTHESIS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS AB Background: Reports of plant molecular responses to pathogenic infections have pinpointed increases in activity of several genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to the synthesis of lignin and flavonoids. The majority of those findings were derived from single gene studies and more recently from several global gene expression analyses. We undertook a global transcriptional analysis focused on the response of genes of the multiple branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway to infection by the Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea with or without the avirulence gene avrB to characterize more broadly the contribution of the multiple branches of the pathway to the resistance response in soybean. Transcript abundance in leaves was determined from analysis of soybean cDNA microarray data and hybridizations to RNA blots with specific gene probes. Results: The majority of the genes surveyed presented patterns of increased transcript accumulation. Some increased rapidly, 2 and 4 hours after inoculation, while others started to accumulate slowly by 8-12 hours. In contrast, transcripts of a few genes decreased in abundance 2 hours post inoculation. Most interestingly was the opposite temporal fluctuation in transcript abundance between early responsive genes in defense (CHS and IFS1) and F3H, the gene encoding a pivotal enzyme in the synthesis of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and flavonols. F3H transcripts decreased rapidly 2 hours post inoculation and increased during periods when CHS and IFS transcripts decreased. It was also determined that all but one (CHS4) family member genes (CHS1, CHS2, CHS3, CHS5, CHS6 and CHS7/8) accumulated higher transcript levels during the defense response provoked by the avirulent pathogen challenge. Conclusion: Based on the mRNA profiles, these results show the strong bias that soybean has towards increasing the synthesis of isoflavonoid phytoalexins concomitant with the down regulation of genes required for the synthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanins. Although proanthocyanins are known to be toxic compounds, the cells in the soybean leaves seem to be programmed to prioritize the synthesis and accumulation of isoflavonoid and pterocarpan phytoalexins during the resistance response. It was known that CHS transcripts accumulate in great abundance rapidly after inoculation of the soybean plants but our results have demonstrated that all but one (CHS4) member of the gene family member genes accumulated higher transcript levels during the defense response. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Vodkin, LO (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM g-zabala@uiuc.edu; jijun.zou@pioneer.com; tuteja@uiuc.edu; dogonzal@uiuc.edu; sjclough@uiuc.edu; l-vodkin@uiuc.edu RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011 NR 63 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 26 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-6-26 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150XK UT WOS:000245252700001 PM 17083738 ER PT J AU Son, DJ Lim, Y Park, YH Chang, SK Yun, YP Hong, JT Takeoka, GR Lee, KG Lee, SE Kim, MR Kim, JH Park, BS AF Son, Dong-Ju Lim, Yong Park, Young-Hyun Chang, Sung-Keun Yun, Yeo-Pyo Hong, Jin-Tae Takeoka, Gary R. Lee, Kwang-Geun Lee, Sung-Eun Kim, Mi-Ran Kim, Jeong-Han Park, Byeoung-Soo TI Inhibitory effects of Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark extract on platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through suppressions of arachidonic acid liberation and ERK1/2 MAPK activation SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE taheebo; platelet aggregation; arachidonic acid; vascular smooth muscle cell; ERK1/2; atherosclerosis ID MECHANISMS; RABBIT AB The antiplatelet and antiproliferative activities of extract of Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark (taheebo) were investigated using washed rabbit platelets and cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. n-Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed marked and selective inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid (AA) in a dose-dependent manner. These fractions, especially the chloroform fraction, also significantly suppressed AA liberation induced by collagen in [H-3]AA-labeled rabbit platelets. The fractions, especially the chloroform fraction, potently inhibited cell proliferation and DNA synthesis induced by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and inhibited the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) stimulated by PDGF-BB, in the same concentration range that inhibits VSMC proliferation and DNA synthesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. Soonchunhyang Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Asan 336745, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Dongguk Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 100715, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Park, BS (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. EM bsp67@snu.ac.kr OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD NOV 3 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 148 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.016 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 099DP UT WOS:000241573000021 PM 16766151 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Dabney, CP McKelvey, SR Borys, RR AF Fettig, Christopher J. Dabney, Christopher P. McKelvey, Stephen R. Borys, Robert R. TI An assessment of re-randomization methods in bark beetle (Scolytidae) trapping bioassays SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; Dendroctonus brevicomis; experimental design; pheromone; randomization; semiochemicals; Scolytidae; trapping ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS L; LODGEPOLE PINE; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; MULTIPLE-FUNNEL; EXO-BREVICOMIN; FIELD RESPONSE; PHEROMONE; SEMIOCHEMICALS AB 1 Numerous studies have explored the role of semiochemicals in the behaviour of bark beetles (Scolytidae). 2 Multiple-funnel traps are often used to elucidate these behavioural responses. Sufficient sample sizes are obtained by using large numbers of traps to which treatments are randomly assigned once, or by frequent collection of trap catches and subsequent re-randomization of treatments. 3 Recently, there has been some debate about the potential for trap contamination to occur when semiochemical treatments (baits), and not trap-treatment units (traps and baits), are re-randomized among existing traps. Due to the volatility of many semiochemicals, small levels of contamination could potentially confound results. 4 A literature survey was conducted to determine the frequency of re-randomizing semiochemical treatments (baits) vs. trap-treatment units (traps and baits) in scolytid trapping bioassays. An experiment was then conducted to determine whether differences in the response of Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte to attractant-baited traps exist between the two methods. 5 The majority of papers examined reported use of a large number of fixed replicates (traps) rather than re-randomization of treatments at frequent intervals. Seventy-five percent of papers for which re-randomization methods could be determined reported relocation of semiochemical treatments (baits) only. 6 No significant differences in trap catch were observed among multiple-funnel traps aged with D. brevcomis baits (Phero Tech Inc., Canada) for 0, 30 and 90 days, suggesting that contamination did not influence the results. 7 It is concluded that re-randomizing baits is a viable cost-effective option to re-randomizing trap and bait units. C1 Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1107 Kennedy Pl,Suite 8, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00299.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 102AH UT WOS:000241782600002 ER PT J AU Fisher, JR AF Fisher, James R. TI Fecundity, longevity and establishment of Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) and Otiorhynchus ovatus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) from the Pacific North-west of the United States of America on selected host plants SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adult host; black vine weevil; host plants; larval host; strawberry root weevil ID BLACK VINE WEEVIL; STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL; FRAGARIA-CHILOENSIS; OVIPOSITION; RESISTANCE; ADULTS; CLONES; PREFERENCE; OUTDOORS; LEAVES AB 1 The fecundity, longevity and establishment of Otiorhynchus sulcatus and Otiorhynchus ovatus from the Pacific North-west U.S.A. was studied on five selected host plants: Picea abies 'Nidiformis', Picea glauca 'Conica', Taxus baccata, Rhododendron catawbiense 'Boursault' and Fragaria x ananassa 'Totem'. 2 Teneral adults were used to study adult longevity and reproductive success. Leaves of these host plants were used for sustenance for 9 months. Larval establishment was studied by infesting potted host plants with eggs. 3 Fragaria x ananassa 'Totem' produced the longest survival, shortest preoviposition time, the greatest number of eggs, and the highest fertility for adults of both species. Picea spp. were not good adult hosts for O. sulcatus. Taxus was a good adult host for O. sulcatus, but was a nonhost for adults and larvae of O. ovatus. 4 Adult hosts did not affect preoviposition time or egg viability with O. ovatus adults. With O. sulcatus, preoviposition time was greatly increased and egg viability was < 50% on Picea spp. 5 The best larval host was F. x ananassa 'Totem' for O. sulcatus and P. glauca 'Conica' for O. ovatus. Rhododendron was a poor larval host for both species. 6 When all of the studies on these two pests are considered, O. sulcatus appears to have varying host preferences from among its many geographical areas of occurrence whereas O. ovatus has a more universal host selection. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Fisher, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM fisherj@science.oregonstate.edu NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 EI 1461-9563 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00309.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 102AH UT WOS:000241782600004 ER PT J AU Karn, JE Berdahl, JD Frank, AB AF Karn, J. F. Berdahl, J. D. Frank, A. B. TI Nutritive quality of four perennial grasses as affected by species, cultivar, maturity, and plant tissue SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; FORAGE QUALITY; WESTERN WHEATGRASS; DRY-MATTER; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; VARIETIES; PHENOLOGY AB Improved perennial grasses provide ranchers with high-quality forage for grazing and bay. However, in the Northern Great Plains of the USA, nutritive quality information is limited on both established and new cultivars. This study compares the nutritive quality of established and more recently released cultivars of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes] (CWG), intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermediam (Host) Barkworth and Dewey] (IWG), western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Love] (WWG), and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) (SBG); evaluates the effect of plant maturity on tissue quality; compares nutritive quality differences among species; and evaluates nutritive quality relationships. Smooth bromegrass leaf tissue had the highest (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but IWG and WWG had higher stem IVDMD. Few quality differences were detected between cultivars within a species, but 'Rosana' WWG had higher (P < 0.10) stem and whole plant IVDMD than the more recently released 'Rodan'. Leaf percentage differed significantly (P < 0.05) among species, with WWG (49.8%) having the highest, and CWG (21.2%) the lowest. Correlation coefficients between quality measurements suggest that if grass leaf tissue were selected for higher IVDMD, leaves should also have higher crude protein (CP) and lower NDF. This relationship was best illustrated with WWG for all three tissue types. The apparent lower quality of Rodan WWG compared with the older cultivar, Rosana, should caution plant breeders to monitor forage quality to ensure that selection for improved agronomic traits does not compromise nutritive quality. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Karn, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM karnj@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1400 EP 1409 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0293 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200004 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Wilson, BN Sands, GR Strock, JS Porter, PM AF Feyereisen, G. W. Wilson, B. N. Sands, G. R. Strock, J. S. Porter, P. M. TI Potential for a rye cover crop to reduce nitrate loss in southwestern Minnesota SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; COLD CLIMATE; CORN-BELT; MODEL; SYSTEMS AB Cover cropping practices are being researched to reduce artificial subsurface drainage NO3-N losses from agricultural lands in the Upper Mississippi watershed. This study was designed to investigate the influences of fall planting date and climate on cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) biomass and N uptake in the spring, and to assess subsurface drainage NO3-N loss reductions. A soil-plant-atmosphere simulation model, RyeGro, was developed and used to predict rye cover crop establishment and growth, soil water balance, N cycling, and drainage NO3-N losses from mid-September through May in southwestern Minnesota. An imbedded stochastic weather generator provided model climate inputs. Inclusion of a rye cover crop sown on 15 September reduced N losses by 11.1 kg N ha(-1) or 45% for a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop rotation. Fall sowing dates of 1, 15, and 30 October resulted in reductions of 7.8, 5.8, and 4.6 kg N ha(-1) respectively, by the end of May. Desiccation of the rye on 1 May resulted in reductions of 4.5, 2.2, 1.2, and 0.7 kg N ha(-1), for the 15 September and 1, 15, and 30 October sowing dates, respectively. Cover cropping practice provides promising opportunities for reductions in N losses for cropping rotations wherein the primary crops are harvested before mid-September and planted after mid-May. We predict that a winter rye crop can reduce drainage NO3-N losses on average 7.4 kg N ha(-1) for southwestern Minnesota if planted on 15 September and desiccated on 15 May. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM gfeyereisen@tifton.usda.gov NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1416 EP 1426 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0134 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200006 ER PT J AU Fleisher, DH Timlin, DJ Reddy, VR AF Fleisher, David H. Timlin, Dennis J. Reddy, Vangimalla R. TI Temperature influence on potato leaf and branch distribution and on canopy photosynthetic rate SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLANT CO2 EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH; LEAVES; APPEARANCE; CROP; RESPIRATION; ENVIRONMENT; EXPANSION; NITROGEN AB Mature potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kennebec) canopies are composed of leaves originating from main- and axillary-stem branches. Canopy leaf distribution and its corresponding contribution to whole-canopy photosynthetic rates have not been quantified. An experiment using SPAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) chambers maintained at 16-h day/night thermoperiods of 14/10, 17/12, 20/15, 23/18, 28/23, and 34/29 degrees C was conducted. Mature canopies were divided into three horizontal layers of equal depth. Canopies were defoliated at each layer, from the ground upward, on successive days. Response curves for photosynthetic rate vs. irradiance were obtained after each defoliation. Leaf area within each layer followed a quadratic relationship with temperature. The largest areas were between 16.6 and 22.1 degrees C. Main-stem leaves accounted for > 50% of the total leaf area at temperatures < 22 degrees C, while the proportion of axillary-stem leaf area in each layer increased with temperature. Canopy maximum gross photosynthetic rates, A(MAX), before harvest ranged from 9.5 to 34.8 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) (production-area basis) and were higher at 14/10, 17/12, and 20/15 degrees C temperatures than at 23/18, 28/23, and 34/29 degrees C. These values were largely related to the quantity of leaf area in each chamber. The value of AMAX and canopy light use efficiency declined as successive canopy layers were removed, primarily due to decreases in canopy light interception. These results indicate that the relative proportion of main- or axillary-stem leaves are not as important for potato canopy modeling considerations as is the need to simulate the correct quantity of leaf area. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fleisher, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dfleishe@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1442 EP 1452 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0322 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200009 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB Colvin, IS AF Jaynes, D. B. Colvin, I. S. TI Corn yield and nitrate loss in subsurface drainage from midseason nitrogen fertilizer application SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS; LABELED NITROGEN; WATER; SOIL; DEFICIENCY; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; REQUIREMENTS; PHOTOGRAPHY; RECOVERY AB Whether in response to remotely sensed plant N status or as a rescue treatment when previously applied N has been lost to denitrification or leaching, there is growing interest in applying N to corn at midseason. While the yield benefits of this practice are variable, little information is available as to the impacts of midseason N application on water quality. We compared grain yields and NO3 losses in drainage water as a result of applying N either once after emergence or equally split between just after emergence and midscason (V16). Nitrogen treatments consisted of 199 (H), 138 (M), and 69 (L) kg ha(-1) applied postemergence (V1-V3), and 69 kg ha(-1) applied postemergence and again at midseason (R). Grain yield for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], grown in a 2-yr rotation, and drainage water NO3 concentrations were measured on replicated tile-drained plots in a producer's field from 2002 through 2005. Midseason application of additional N resulted in 0.9 and 2.5 Mg ha(-1) greater yield than the L treatment in 2002 and 2004, respectively; however, yield was greater when the same total amount of N was applied in one application shortly after emergence (M treatment) vs. the split treatment. There was no carryover effect on subsequent soybean yields for any of the N treatments. Annual flow-weighted NO3 concentrations in tile drainage were consistently greater (0.3-1.3 mg L-1) for the R treatment than the M treatment and significantly greater when averaged across all years. Residual soil NO3 at the end of the year also indicated that some of the midseason N application was not taken up by the crop and was available for leaching. Thus, midseason N application was beneficial for recovering some of the potential yield in corn when initial N applications are insufficient for optimum yield, but the practice did not benefit water quality in this study compared with a single application at emergence. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jaynes@nstl.gov NR 46 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1479 EP 1487 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0046 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200013 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Mueller-Warrant, GW Griffith, SM Banowetz, GM Whittaker, GW AF Steiner, J. J. Mueller-Warrant, G. W. Griffith, S. M. Banowetz, G. M. Whittaker, G. W. TI Conservation practices in western Oregon perennial grass seed systems: II. Meadowfoam rotation crop management SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WEED-CONTROL; OIL-YIELD; TEMPERATURE; LIMNANTHES AB Rapid changes in practices used to produce perennial grass seed crops in the U.S. Pacific Northwest region and shortened lengths of time that perennial grass seed fields remain in production have increased the need for additional rotation crops that are adapted to the poorly drained soils found in western Oregon. This research was conducted at three sites to determine ways to manage meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Hartw. ex Benth.) as a component in perennial grass seed rotation systems. Experiments were conducted in 1997, 1998, and 2001 to investigate combinations of spring-applied herbicide and N fertilizer and times of applications, direct-seeded and conventional tillage establishment methods, and previous crop residue management on meadowfoam seed yield, seed oil concentration, and oil yield. No spring-applied fertilizer or herbicide produced responses for all yield components as great as or greater than any other treatment combination. Direct-seeded meadowfoam yielded more oil than the conventional establishment treatment. There was no effect of residue management amounts from grass seed grown in the previous rotation sequence on meadowfoam production; however, maximal residue management, especially if used in combination with direct-seeded meadowfoam, should reduce annual soil erosion. Meadowfoam is suited to low-input production and is adapted to the use of conservation practices including direct seeding and maximal residue management in perennial grass seed systems. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jeffrey.steiner@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1501 EP 1509 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0342 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200016 ER PT J AU Felter, DG Lyon, DJ Nielsen, DC AF Felter, Douglas G. Lyon, Drew J. Nielsen, David C. TI Evaluating crops for a flexible summer fallow cropping system SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; STORAGE EFFICIENCY; PRECIPITATION USE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; WATER-USE; YIELD; MATURITY; ROTATION; QUALITY AB Substituting a short-season, spring-planted crop for summer fallow when soil water is sufficient at planting might reduce soil degradation without significantly increasing the risk of crop failure. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship of crop grain or forage yield to plant available soil water at planting. The study was conducted on silt loam soils in 2004 and 2005 at Sidney, NE, and Akron, CO. A range of soil water levels was established with supplemental irrigation before planting. Four crops [spring triticale (X Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.) for forage, dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) for grain, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) for grain, and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) for forage] were no-till seeded into corn (Zea mays L.) residue in a split-plot design with four replications per location. Triticale forage yield increased by 229 kg ha(-1) for each centimeter of soil water available at planting in 2004. Foxtail millet forage yield and grain yield of proso millet increased by 399 kg ha(-1) cm(-1) and 148 kg ha-1 cm-1, respectively, at Akron in 2004. Spring triticale, foxtail millet, and proso millet did not respond to soil water at planting in 2005, when precipitation was above the long-term average. Dry pea did not demonstrate a consistent positive response to soil water availability at planting. Soil water at planting may be a useful indicator of potential yield for selected short-season spring-planted summer crops, particularly when crop production is limited by growing season precipitation. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Felter, DG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, 4502 Ave 1, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. EM FelterDouglasG@JohnDeere.com RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1510 EP 1517 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0341 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200017 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Sanderson, MA Boateng, AA Weimer, PJ Jung, HJG AF Adler, Paul R. Sanderson, Matt A. Boateng, Akwasi A. Weimer, Paul J. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. TI Biomass yield and biofuel quality of switchgrass harvested in fall or spring SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; BIRD RESPONSE; ENERGY; MISCANTHUS; MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTS; MATURITY; NITROGEN; GRASSES; IMPACTS AB Seasonal time of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) harvest affects yield and biofuel quality and balancing these two components may vary depending on conversion system. A field study compared fall and spring harvest measuring biomass yield, element concentration, carbohydrate characterization, and total synthetic gas production as indicators of biofuel quality for direct combustion, ethanol production, and gasification systems for generation of energy. Switchgrass yields decreased almost 40% (from about 7-4.4 Mg ha(-1)) in winters with above average snowfall when harvest was delayed over winter until spring. The moisture concentration also decreased (from about 35070 g kg(-1)) only reaching low enough levels for safe storage by spring. About 10% of the yield reduction during winter resulted from decreases in tiller mass; however, almost 90% of the yield reduction was due to an increase in biomass left behind by the baler. Mineral element concentrations generally decreased with the delay in harvest until spring. Energy yield from gasification did not decrease on a unit biomass basis, whereas ethanol production was variable depending on the assessment method. When expressed on a unit area basis, energy yield decreased. Biofuel conversion systems may determine harvest timing. For direct combustion, the reduced mineral concentrations in spring-harvested biomass are desirable. For ethanol fermentation and gasification systems, however, lignocellulose yield may be more important. On conservations lands, the wildlife cover provided by switchgrass over the winter may increase the desirability of spring harvest along with the higher biofuel quality. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM paul.adler@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 178 Z9 187 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1518 EP 1525 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0351 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200018 ER PT J AU Viator, RP Johnson, RM Grimm, CC Richard, EP AF Viator, Ryan P. Johnson, Richard M. Grimm, Casey C. Richard, Edward P., Jr. TI Allelopathic, autotoxic, and hormetic effects of postharvest sugarcane residue SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEEDLING GROWTH; PHYTOTOXICITY; STRAW; WHEAT; ALLELOCHEMICALS; DERIVATIVES; EXTRACTS; ROTATION; CUCUMBER; ALFALFA AB With green sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) harvesting, 6 to 24 Mg ha(-1) of postharvest residue is deposited on the field surface covering the sugarcane stubble that must reemerge for several ratoon crops. The objectives of this research were to: (i) determine if postharvest residue possesses allelopathic, autotoxic, and hormetic properties; (ii) determine the interaction of soil type with possible autotoxic effects; and (iii) identify a reliable indicator species. Extract concentrations consisted of 0, 0.1, 10, 25, and 100% of the original solution of a 1:28 tissue to water extract. The higher concentrations of residue extracts exhibited autotoxicity by delaying early leaf development. The lower extract concentration of 10% increased sugarcane bud germination by 45% compared with the control, indicating hormetic effects. Allelopathic activity on tall morninglory (Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.) was more pronounced on a light soil; germination and radical length were reduced by all concentrations by an average of 42% and 8 mm, respectively, compared with the control. Seedling dry weights were reduced by an average of 10 mg by the 10, 25, and 100% extract concentrations relative to the control. On the heavy soil, only the 100% concentration reduced radical length and weight by 5 nun and 4 mg, respectively, relative to the control. Extract effects on oat (Avena nuda L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) showed poor correlation with effects on sugarcane. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography/ mass spectrotometry indicated the extract contained benzoic acid. Further studies are needed to establish the impact of benzoic acid in natural settings. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Viator, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM rviator@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1526 EP 1531 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0030 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200019 ER PT J AU Osborne, SL Riedell, WE AF Osborne, S. L. Riedell, W. E. TI Starter nitrogen fertilizer impact soybean yield and quality in the northern Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; ACCUMULATION; SENSITIVITY AB Though there have been numerous studies on the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], relatively few have investigated early season N application in the unique environment of the northern Great Plains. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of starter N fertilization on soybean yield and quality in this cool environment. To achieve this objective a field experiment was established within a 2-yr corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean rotation, using a split-plot design with four replications. Whole plots were tillage [no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)] with starter fertilizer (N source by rate) as the split plot treatments. Nitrogen was band applied at planting as either ammonium nitrate (AN) or urea (UR), at rates to supply 0, 8, 16, and 24 kg N ha(-1). Yields were greater for the 2004 growing season than 2002 and 2003, possibly due to more favorable environmental conditions. In 2 of the 3 yr there was an increase in grain yield and early (V3-V4 and R1) plant biomass and plant N due to starter N. The initial increase in plant vigor resulted in a grain yield increase compared to the no N treatment. Analysis pooled over the 3 yr of the experiment showed an average yield increase of 6% for the 16 kg N hat rate, compared to the no N treatment, with no difference in grain N or oil concentration. This research demonstrates that applying N as starter has the potential to increase soybean yield and early plant growth, but this may or may not translate into improved grain quality in the unique environments of the northern Great Plains. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Osborne, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM sosborne@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 26 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1569 EP 1574 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0089 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200024 ER PT J AU Butler, TJ Ocumpaugh, WR Sanderson, MA Reed, RL Muir, JP AF Butler, Twain J. Ocumpaugh, William R. Sanderson, Matt A. Reed, Rod L. Muir, James P. TI Evaluation of rhizoma peanut genotypes for adaptation in Texas SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL PEANUT; GROWTH ANALYSIS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; ESTABLISHMENT; REGISTRATION AB Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a warm-season perennial forage legume adapted to the extreme southern USA. The objectives of this study were to compare the establishment rate and overall adaptation of 'Florigraze', 'Arbrook', PI 262819, and PI 262821 rhizoma peanut in south and north-central Texas. Two separate field experiments were initiated to evaluate establishment rate and adaptation of rhizoma peanut. In the first experiment, the rate of establishment was documented by measuring shoot appearance in parallel zones equidistant from the original planting. In the second experiment, shoot spread (distance to farthest shoots) was measured 26 mo after planting and dry matter (DM) yield was estimated 1, 2, and 4 yr after planting in south Texas. In 1991, a dry year, PI 262819 had a greater number of total shoots in June and shoots in the zone farthest from the original planting in June and September compared with other genotypes. In 1992, Florigraze, PI 262819, and PI 262821 did not differ from each other in total shoot counts or counts within each zone; however, all were superior to Arbrook. In the second experiment, spread was greatest among genotypes for PI 262821 in south Texas, and for PI 262819 in north-central Texas. Total DNI yield in south Texas was greatest for Arbrook the first season after planting; however, there were no differences in yield between genotypes in subsequent years. Rate of establishment and adaptation of PI 262819 and PI 262821 were equal to or better than Florigraze and Arbrook in both south and north-central Texas. C1 Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Angelo State Univ, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Butler, TJ (reprint author), Noble Fdn Inc, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM tjbutler@noble.org OI Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1593 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0141 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200027 ER PT J AU Ko, J Maas, SJ Mauget, S Piccinni, G Wanjura, D AF Ko, Jonghan Maas, Stephan J. Mauget, Steve Piccinni, Giovanni Wanjura, Don TI Modeling water-stressed cotton growth using within-season remote sensing data SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAMINEOUS CROP GROWTH; VEGETATION INDEXES; PARAMETERIZED MODEL; YIELD; CALIBRATION; SIMULATION; SORGHUM; IMAGERY; CORN; LAI AB Remotely sensed crop reflectance data can be used to simulate crop growth using within-season calibration. A model based on GRAMI, previously modified to simulate cotton (Gossjpium hirsutum L.) growth, was revised and tested to simulate leaf area development and to estimate lint yield of water-stressed cotton. To verify the model, cotton field data, such as leaf area index (LAI), lint yield, and remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI), were obtained from an experimental field treated with various irrigation levels at the Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory at Lubbock, Texas from 2002 to 2004. The model was validated using field data obtained separately from verification data at the same location in 2005. A hand-held multispectral radiometer with 16 spectral bands was used to measure reflectance. Five VI designs of interest were evaluated and used as input values for within-season calibration of the model. Simulated VI and LAI were in agreement with the measured VI and LAI, with r(2) values from 0.96 to 0.97 and RMSE values from 0.02 to 0.24 in validation. Simulated lint yields were in agreement with measured lint yields, with r(2) values from 0.63 to 0.67 and RMSE values from 28.3 to 100.0. The model was not very sensitive to the higher irrigation treatments in reproducing lint yield. We believe that validation with more data sets can deal with this matter. The VI worked equally well in reproducing measured cotton growth when they were used for within-season calibration. The results of this calibration scheme suggest that remote sensing data could be used to adjust modeled cotton growth for various water-stressed conditions. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Ko, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, 1619 Garner Field Rd, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. EM jko@ag.tamu.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1600 EP 1609 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0284 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200029 ER PT J AU Nuti, RC Viator, RP Casteel, SN Edmisten, KL Wells, R AF Nuti, Russell C. Viator, Ryan P. Casteel, Shaun N. Edmisten, Keith L. Wells, Randy TI Effect of planting date, mepiquat chloride, and glyphosate application to glyphosate-resistant cotton SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; GROWTH; YIELD AB Management decisions and common misapplication of glyphosate may impact fruiting of glyphosate-resistant (GR) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Experiments were conducted to determine if planting date affected the ability of GR cotton to compensate for fruit loss after misapplication of glyphosate and to evaluate mepiquat chloride's (MC) contribution to fruiting. Field studies were conducted in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, from 200:1 to 2003. Treatments included optimum and late planting and a series of five glyphosate, 0.84 kg a.e. (acid equivalent) ha(-1) treatments representing recommended and common misapplication timings including a control. The 10 planting date and glyphosate combinations were factored across treatments of MC and no-MC as needed according to growing conditions in 2001 and 2002. All plots were treated with MC in 2003. Optimal-planted cotton produced more than late-planted cotton. Yield was reduced in optimal-planted cotton in 2001 and late-planted cotton in 2001 and 2002 when glyphosate contacted plants after the four-leaf stage. Mis-application of gyphosate did not affect yield in 2003. Yield was improved with MC by 11% in 2001. Bolls were at higher nodes in late-planted cotton and cotton not treated with MC. Glyphosate contact after the four-leaf stage in 2001 and 2002 shifted the fruitload above Node 10. Late planting of cotton decreases opportunities for fruiting compensation when glyphosate reduced early boll retention. Results support previous research showing application methods that allow glyphosate contact to GR cotton plants after the four-leaf stage increase risk of yield reduction regardless of planting date. C1 USDA ARS, NPRL, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. USDA ARS, SRRC, Houma, LA 70360 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nuti, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPRL, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM rnuti@nprl.usda.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1627 EP 1633 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0360 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200032 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Evett, SR Howell, TA AF Tolk, Judy A. Evett, Steven R. Howell, Terry A. TI Advection influences on evapotranspiration of alfalfa in a semiarid climate SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS; IRRIGATED ALFALFA; FLUX AB Advective enhancement of crop evapotranspiration (ET) occurs when drier, hotter air is transported into the crop by wind, and can be an important factor in the water balance of irrigated crops in a semiarid climate. Thirteen days of moderate to extremely high ET rates of irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were evaluated using energy balance and atmospheric coupling models to examine the magnitude of ET enhancement due to advection. Alfalfa ET was measured using precise, monolithic weighing lysimeters. The average ET of the selected days was 11.3 rum d(-1), with ET exceeding 15 mm d(-1) on 3 d, with mean 24-h vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of 2.1 kPa and 2-m wind speed of 4.4 m s(-1). Evapotranspiration due to available energy (net radiation + soil heat flux) was fairly stable at an average of 6.6 mm d(-1) whereas advected atmospheric deficits and sensible heat flux (H) added as much as 10.5 mm d(-1) to ET, with H providing an average of 42% of the energy used in ET. Overnight ET losses due to continued H flux gains and VPD resulted in ET losses as large as 3.0 mm. Advective enhancement of ET plays a significant role in the water balance of the semiarid region of the southern High Plains. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM jtolk@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1646 EP 1654 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0031 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200035 ER PT J AU Chen, CC Miller, P Muehlbauer, F Neill, K Wichman, D McPhee, K AF Chen, Chengci Miller, Perry Muehlbauer, Fred Neill, Karnes Wichman, David McPhee, Kevin TI Winter pea and lentil response to seeding date and micro- and macro-environments SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; AUSTRIAN WINTER; FIELD PEA; NITROGEN; CROPS; WHEAT; TILLAGE; YIELD AB Winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) have potential agronomic advantages over spring types in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and northern Great Plains (NGP). The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine suitable seeding date and cereal stubble height in no-till systems for winter pea and lentil; (ii) quantify and compare biomass and seed yield of winter pea and lentil with spring types; and (iii) compare adaptation of winter pea and lentil between the PNW and the NGP. Two breeding lines each of winter pea (PS9430706 and PS9530726) and winter lentil [LC9979010 ('Morton') and LC9976079] and two commercial cultivars each of spring pea (CDC Mozart and Delta) and spring lentil (Brewer and CDC Richlea) were sown on different dates (early and late fall dates for winter lines and spring date only for spring cultivars) and into different stubble heights (0.1 and 0.3 m) and compared for yield and agronomic adaptation in no-till systems at four locations: Moccasin and Amsterdam, MT; Genesee, ID; and Rosalia, WA. Stubble height did not influence winter or spring pea biomass production or seed yield. Tall stubble increased lentil biomass by 220 to 530 kg ha(-1) and seed yield by 100 to 260 kg ha(-1) in five out of nine site-years. Fall-seeded winter pea lines produced as much as 1830 kg ha(-1) more seed yield than spring cultivars at the PNW sites, but not at the NGP sites. Early fall-seeded lentil yielded as much as 480 and 590 kg ha(-1) greater than spring types in the NGP and PNW, respectively. Delayed fall seeding and reduced stubble height decreased yields more frequently in the NGP than in the PNW. C1 Montana State Univ, Cent Agr Res Ctr, Moccasin, MT 59462 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resource & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Cent Agr Res Ctr, Moccasin, MT 59462 USA. EM cchen@montana.edu NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1655 EP 1663 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0085 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105NE UT WOS:000242036200036 ER PT J AU James, RR Hayes, G Leland, JE AF James, Rosalind R. Hayes, Gerald Leland, Jarrod E. TI Field trials on the microbial control of varroa with the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; DESTRUCTOR ACARI; ECTOPARASITIC MITE; APIDAE COLONIES; HONEY-BEE; USA AB A variety of chemical controls products are currently available to the beekeeping industry for varroa mite control. However, we find that beekeepers are frequently dissatisfied with the level of mite control they are able to achieve, and a biological control agent could potentially offer an entirely new approach to this problem. The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is known to be pathogenic to varroa mites, and we previously conducted several field trials with this fungus in bee colonies, but obtained poor, if somewhat variable, results. We have decided that it is time to present our most recent results to the beekeeping industry, due to the great interest that this project has generated. We present here two large field trials designed to determine the best application strategy for the fungus. None of our experiments yielded significant mite control. For both experiments, we used application rates that we thought would be more than adequate. First we tried several very different application methods, yet did not obtain good control. Next, we increased the dose nearly nine-fold and sprayed frames in colonies with an aqueous suspension of spores. Some infected mites were recovered from the hives, but the spores survived very poorly after application. Before a microbial control of varroa product can be developed, more work is needed on production methods to produce a spore with an adequate shelf-life. Another possible reason for the poor field control may be that our treatments failed to get the spores into direct contact with the mites, a condition required for infection to occur. The mites are protected from exposure to spores when they are in the brood cells, and when varroa are on the bodies of adult bees, thus it is difficult to get the spores directly in contact with the mite cuticle. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Apiary Sect, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 146 IS 11 BP 968 EP 972 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 098HG UT WOS:000241511000022 ER PT J AU Arnade, C Gopinath, M AF Arnade, Carlos Gopinath, Munisamy TI The dynamics of individuals' fat consumption SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE dynamic utility function; food demand; health choice; household data ID DEMAND SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; 2-STEP ESTIMATION; DIETARY-FAT; RISK; MODELS; CONSTRAINTS; INFORMATION; REGRESSION; EQUATIONS AB Consumers are increasingly aware of the link between their lifestyle choices and the risk of noncommunicable diseases. A dynamic approach incorporating this linkage in food demand is developed, where consumers maximize utility over time by choosing fat intake to control their cumulative fat level. The resulting dynamic indirect utility function and household data on meat, fish, and dairy consumption are used to estimate a censored demand system. Results show that consumers consciously adjust, but not instantaneously, their cumulative fat level. Highly educated households have a faster rate of adjustment of cumulative fat. When cumulative fat level increases, consumers shift to dairy or white meat from red meat products. C1 USDA, Anim Prod Branch, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Arnade, C (reprint author), USDA, Anim Prod Branch, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 BP 836 EP 850 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00901.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 094IL UT WOS:000241233000004 ER PT J AU Nehring, R Barnard, C Banker, D Breneman, V AF Nehring, Richard Barnard, Charles Banker, David Breneman, Vince TI Urban influence on costs of production in the Corn Belt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE input distance function; scale efficiency; stochastic production frontier; technical efficiency; urban influence ID TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY; URBANIZATION; EFFICIENCY; LAND; AGRICULTURE; FARMERS; VALUES AB This article determines the relative technical efficiency of rural- and urban-influenced crop/livestock enterprises in the Corn Belt. Farmers in urban-influenced locations are less technically efficient than farmers in rural locations. During 1998-2000, stochastic production frontier procedures indicate that a 10% increase in urban influence leads to a close to 4% decrease in technical efficiency. The most successful urban-influenced farms have controlled costs as effectively as rural farms. They have tended to de-emphasize that nondairy livestock activities-particularly beef and hogs-do not rely extensively on off-farm income, and have relatively large, less residential/lifestyle operations compared to less successful urban-influenced farmers. However, our statistical analysis clearly bears out the refrain in popular literature that urban proximity raises the cost for, and decreases the viability of, traditional farms. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Informat Syst Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Nehring, R (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 BP 930 EP 946 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00907.x PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 094IL UT WOS:000241233000010 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Lachenbruch, B Meinzer, FC AF Domec, Jean-Christophe Lachenbruch, Barbara Meinzer, Frederick C. TI Bordered pit structure and function determine spatial patterns of air-seeding thresholds in xylem of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinaceae) trees SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE bordered pit; branch; earlywood; embolism; hydraulic architecture; latewood; margo; root; trunk ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER STORAGE; CONIFER WOOD; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; MEMBRANE POROSITY; INDUCED EMBOLISM; PONDEROSA PINE; VESTURED PITS; CAVITATION; PLANTS AB The air-seeding hypothesis predicts that xylem embolism resistance is linked directly to bordered pit functioning. We tested this prediction in trunks, roots, and branches at different vertical and radial locations in young and old trees of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Dimensions of bordered pits were measured from light and scanning electron micrographs, and physiological data were from published values. Consistent with observations, calculations showed that earlywood tracheids were more resistant to embolism than latewood tracheids, mainly from earlywood having stretchier pit membranes that can distend and cover the pit aperture. Air seeding that occurs in earlywood appears to happen through gaps between the torus edge and pit border, as shown by the similar calculated pressures required to stretch the membrane over the pit aperture and to cause embolism. Although bordered pit functioning was correlated with tracheid hydraulic diameter, pit pore size and above all pit aperture constrained conductivity the most. From roots to branches and from the trunk base to higher on the trunk, hydraulic resistance of the earlywood pit membrane increased significantly because of a decrease in the size of the pit aperture and size and number of margo pores. Moreover, overall wood conductivity decreased, in part due to lower pit conductivity and a decrease in size and frequency of pits. Structural and functional constraints leading to the trade-off of efficiency against safety of water transport were also demonstrated at the individual pit level, with a positive correlation between pit membrane resistance on an area basis and the pressure differential required to cause membrane stretching, a characteristic that is essential for pit aspiration. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jc.domec@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 67 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 17 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1588 EP 1600 DI 10.3732/ajb.93.11.1588 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 109DP UT WOS:000242288400003 PM 21642104 ER PT J AU Mares, JA LaRowe, TL Snodderly, DM Moeller, SM Gruber, MJ Klein, ML Wooten, BR Johnson, EJ Chappell, RJ AF Mares, Julie A. LaRowe, Tara L. Snodderly, D. Max Moeller, Suzen M. Gruber, Michael J. Klein, Michael L. Wooten, Billy R. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Chappell, Richard J. CA CAREDS Macular Pigment Study Grp I TI Predictors of optical density of lutein and zeaxanthin in retinas of older women in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lutein; zeaxanthin; carotenoids; retina; blood; diet ID MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS; CRYSTALLINE LENS; CONTROLLED DIETS; BETA-CAROTENE; UNITED-STATES; IRIS COLOR AB Background: Lifestyle, diet, and physical and health predictors of xanthophyll carotenoids in the retina are poorly understood. Objective: We aimed to investigate the predictors of the density of lutein and zeaxanthin in the macula of the retina. Design: Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry. Relations to dietary lutein and zeaxanthin and to other predictors were measured in 1698 women aged 53-86 y. The women were members of observational study cohorts of the Women's Health Initiative at Iowa City, IA, Madison, WI, or Portland, OR, and participated in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (2001-2004). Results: MPOD at 0.5 degrees from the foveal center was 30% higher in women in the highest quintile for lutein and zeaxanthin intake [x(+/- SD): 0.40 +/- 0.21] than in women in the lowest quintile (0.31 +/- 0.21) and 20% higher after adjustment for other predictors. Dietary intake of lutein, zeaxanthin, fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (% of energy) together explained 3% of the variability in MPOD. Higher waist circumference and diabetes, which are related to lower MPOD, together with study site explained an additional 5% of variation. The total explained variability increased to 12% when lutein and zexanthin concentrations obtained from the serum, which were collected 4-7 y earlier, were added to the model. Conclusions: MPOD is directly related to dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin but even more strongly to serum concentrations, which may reflect unmeasured physical and medical factors that influence the uptake, distribution, and utilization of lutein and zeaxanthin. Higher abdominal body fat and diabetes are related to lower MPOD. Unknown predictors of retinal carotenoids remain. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Ophthalmol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Psychol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mares, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 610 N Walnut St,1063 WARF Bldg, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jmarespe@facstaff.wisc.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [EY13018]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 07665] NR 63 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1122 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 104DZ UT WOS:000241937700023 PM 17093164 ER PT J AU Bamberg, J Fernandez, C del Rio, A AF Bamberg, John Fernandez, Charles del Rio, Alfonso TI A new wild potato mutant in Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. lacking purple pigment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA Spanish DT Article ID ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; INHERITANCE; GERMPLASM; LOCI AB A sample of Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. (reclassified from Solanum fendleri A. Gray), PI 620874, was collected by the authors from a previously undocumented site in the Patagonia Mountains of southern Arizona in September 2001. When original seed was grown at the US Potato Genebank, two of 25 seedlings produced white flowers. Upon closer inspection they were found to be completely without purple pigmentation on the tubers, stems, and underside of leaves-a characteristic previously unknown in this species and rare in wild potato overall. Solanum stoloniferum, like other species of series Longipedicellata (LON), is a disomic tetraploid. Results of crossing trials were consistent with the most simple genetic explanation for this phenotype: a recessive p allele at the P locus, making the mutant (pp pp), or "Purple-less" abbreviated "P-less." P-less plants were testcrossed with nearly 200 other LON populations originating across the U.S.A. and Mexico to make BC1 generations that had either one-half or one-quarter P-less seedlings. Surprisingly, about one-third of the populations, and from widely distributed origins, produced one-half P-less progeny, indicating that they also possess the recessive allele on one genome. Since this mutant has not been confirmed as an allele at the original P locus, its designation with the same allele symbols in this report (P and p) is provisional. This discovery of the widespread p allele in LON and P-less mutants could provide a simple, unambiguous seedling marker for study of gene flow and dispersion, pollinator behavior in the wild, gene expression interactions between homeologous genomes, and chromosome pairing control. C1 USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Bamberg, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM nr6jb@ars-gin.gov OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 437 EP 445 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 126FF UT WOS:000243497000001 ER PT J AU Barnard, D Allan, S Bernier, U Kline, D Clark, G Linthicum, K AF Barnard, Donald Allan, Sandra Bernier, Ulrich Kline, Daniel Clark, Gary Linthicum, Kenneth TI Comparative responses of mosquito vectors of West Nile virus to light traps augmented with chemical attractant and to human hosts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 248 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900249 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ AF Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI An automated GIS/remotely sensed early warning system to detect elevated populations of vectors of Rift Valley fever, a mosquito-borne emerging virus threat SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CMAVE, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 254 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900255 ER PT J AU Mackie, RI Koike, S Krapac, I Chee-Sanford, J Maxwell, S Aminov, RI AF Mackie, Roderick I. Koike, Satoshi Krapac, Ivan Chee-Sanford, Joanne Maxwell, Scott Aminov, Rustam I. TI Tetracycline residues and tetracycline resistance genes in groundwater impacted by swine production facilities SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Antibiotic Use in Animal Agriculture CY APR 27-28, 2006 CL Urbana, IL SP Dept Anim Sci, Univ Illinois, Natl Pork Board ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOIL; MANURE; BACTERIA; WASTE; WATER; PCR AB Antibiotics are used at therapeutic levels to treat disease; at slightly lower levels as prophylactics; and at low, subtherapeutic levels for growth promotion and improvement of feed efficiency. Over 88% of swine producers in the United States gave antimicrobials to grower/finisher pigs in feed as a growth promoter in 2000. It is estimated that ca. 75% of antibiotics are not absorbed by animals and are excreted in urine and feces. The extensive use of antibiotics in swine production has resulted in antibiotic resistance in many intestinal bacteria, which are also excreted in swine feces, resulting in dissemination of resistance genes into the environment. To assess the impact of manure management on groundwater quality, groundwater samples have been collected near two swine confinement facilities that use lagoons for manure storage and treatment. Several key contaminant indicators-including inorganic ions, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes-were analyzed in groundwater collected from the monitoring wells. Chloride, ammonium, potassium, and sodium were predominant inorganic constituents in the manure samples and served as indicators of groundwater contamination. Based on these analyses, shallow groundwater has been impacted by lagoon seepage at both sites. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) was used to measure the dissolved concentrations of tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline in groundwater and manure. Although tetracyclines were regularly used at both facilities, they were infrequently detected in manure samples and then at relatively trace concentrations. Concentrations of all tetracyclines and their breakdown products in the groundwater sampled were generally less than 0.5 mu g/L. Bacterial tetracycline resistance genes served as distinct genotypic markers to indicate the dissemination and mobility of antibiotic resistance genes that originated from the lagoons. Applying PCR to genomic DNA extracted from the lagoon and groundwater samples, four commonly occurring tetracycline (tet) resistance genes-tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), and tet(W)-were detected. The detection frequency of tet genes was much higher in wells located closer to and down-gradient from the lagoons than in wells more distant from the lagoons. These results suggested that in the groundwater underlying both facilities tetracycline resistance genes exist and are somewhat persistent, but that the distribution and potentially the flux for each tet gene varied throughout the study period. C1 Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Anim Sci Lab 132, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Illinois State Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Envrionm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Mackie, RI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Anim Sci Lab 132, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM r-mackie@uiuc.edu RI Koike, Satoshi/E-1919-2012; Aminov, Rustam/C-8764-2016; Aminov, Rustam/L-6534-2013 OI Koike, Satoshi/0000-0002-8742-7247; Aminov, Rustam/0000-0002-5811-8322 NR 57 TC 65 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 60 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 157 EP 176 DI 10.1080/10495390600956953 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 108BZ UT WOS:000242216600006 PM 17127527 ER PT J AU Scheffer, SJ Lewis, ML AF Scheffer, Sonja J. Lewis, Matthew L. TI Mitochondrial phylogeography of the vegetable pest Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera : Agromyzidae): Diverged clades and invasive populations SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; host-race; leafminer; invasive species; Agromyzidae ID ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; BELL PEPPERS; HUIDOBRENSIS; LEAFMINER; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; SPECIATION; DNA AB The leafmining fly Liriornyza trifohi (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest of vegetable and cut-flower crops. In recent decades, this species has become invasive, spreading from the Americas to the rest of the world. Despite substantial losses caused by Lirioinyza leafminers, the systematics of these flies has remained poorly understood because of their small size and morphological homogeneity. Previous molecular research on other polyphagous Liriomyza pests has suggested that cry tic species may be present. Here, we use mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence variation to investigate phylogeographic structure within L. trifolii. Our results indicate that L. trifohi harbors distinct phylogenetic clades, suggesting the presence of cryptic species. There is also evidence of a recently derived, highly specialized pepper (Capsicunt spp., Solanaceae)-feeding population within L. trifolii that may represent a host race or even a distinct species. Introduced populations from various locations contained a highly restricted subset of the mitochondrial variation present within L. trifolii, suggesting one or more bottlenecks during colonization. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Scheffer, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 005,Room 137,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sscheffe@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 991 EP 998 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[991:MPOTVP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 105ME UT WOS:000242033400001 ER PT J AU Rabaglia, RJ Dole, SA Cognat, AI AF Rabaglia, Robert J. Dole, Stephanie A. Cognat, Anthony I. TI Review of American Xyleborina (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae) occurring North of Mexico, with an illustrated key SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE exotic species; invasive pests; Scolytidae; ambrosia beetles; Xyleborini ID XYLOSANDRUS-MUTILATUS BLANDFORD; AMBROSIA BEETLES COLEOPTERA; DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS; ANNOTATED LIST; BARK; PLATYPODIDAE AB Ambrosia-feeding scolytids in the Xyleborina are the most abundant exotic bark beetles in North America. Many new species discoveries and taxonomic changes have occurred since their last review in 1982. The need for a worldwide revision of this tribe hampers the ability to identify species. To remedy this situation, an illustrated key is constructed and Xyleborus glabratus Eichboff, Xyleborus similis Ferrari, and Euwallaceafornicatus (Eichhoff), which are new to North America, are reported and diagnosed. In addition the key is presented in electronic format with additional illustration (http://scolytid.msu.edu) to increase worldwide availability and accommodate future taxonomic revision. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Rabaglia, RJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, 1601 N Kent St,RPC-7, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM brabaglia@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 127 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1056 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1034:ROAXCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 105ME UT WOS:000242033400007 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Raulston, JR AF Spurgeon, D. W. Raulston, J. R. TI Boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) adult diapause responses to selected environmental and dietary conditions SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; boll weevil; reproductive diapause; photoperiod ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; EXTEND PHOTOPERIOD; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; INDUCTION; STRAIN; LIGHT AB Diapause in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), remains a contentious issue despite intense investigation. In particular, the roles and interactions of photoperiod, temperature, and adult diet are poorly understood. We reexamined the influences of these factors by using a feeding regime typical of previous studies (group, one square per five weevils per day) as well as one known to promote reproductive development (single, one square per weevil per day). Three separate studies each incorporated all combinations of the following: photoperiod (short day, 11: 13; long day 13:11 [L:D] h), temperature regime (constant 29.4 degrees C; warm day, cool night, 29.4 degrees C:10 degrees C [day:night]), feeding regime, and age at dissection (3, 6, 9, and 12 d after adult eclosion). Studies differed in the source of weevils (Lower Rio Grande Valley, Brazos Valley of Texas), and the photoperiod used to rear weevils to adulthood (11:13 or 13:11 [L:D] h). Interpretable effects of photoperiod on diapause induction were not observed. Cool nights delayed development of fat bodies, oocytes with yolk, and the occurrence of diapause, especially in weevils fed in groups. However, these effects were not apparent by day 12. The most marked responses were to feeding regime. Hypertrophied fat bodies and diapause generally occurred more often, and oocytes with yolk less often, for weevils fed in groups compared with those fed singly. Fundamental differences in diapause response corresponding to rearing conditions or source of weevils were not observed. These results suggest improved understanding of the dynamics of adult diapause could be achieved through continued investigation of the effects of adult diets. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM spurgeon@usda-apmru.tamu.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1100 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1085:BWCCAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 105ME UT WOS:000242033400010 ER PT J AU Mooney, KA Geils, BW Linhart, YB AF Mooney, Kailen A. Geils, Brian W. Linhart, Yan B. TI Linking parasitic plant-induced host morphology to tritrophic interactions SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE community ecology; detritus; indirect effect; plant morphology; tritrophic ID NATURAL ENEMIES; PINE; HERBIVORES; MUTUALISM; BIRDS AB We investigated the tritrophic interactions among southwestern dwarf mistletoe [Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. cryptopodum], mistletoe herbivores, and host pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. and C. Laws. variety scopulorum Engelm.)-associated predators. In an observational study, we characterized differences in pine-associated arthropods and pine branch morphology between branches either parasitized by mistletoe (brooms) or not visibly infected. Compared with noninfected branches, brooms bad a more reticulate branching structure, collected 36 times more dead needles and supported 1.7 times more arthropod predators. In a manipulative field experiment, we investigated whether pine-associated predators fed upon lepidopteran herbivores of mistletoe and thereby reduced herbivore damage to the parasite. Over a 30-d trial, herbivores fed upon approximately two-thirds of available mistletoe shoots. Predator removal increased herbivore survival by 56% but had no detectable effect on the level of herbivory damage. We speculate that herbivores compete for mistletoe shoots and that increased per-capita feeding compensated for predator reduction of herbivore abundance. In summary, our results demonstrate that mistletoe parasitism altered the pine arthropod community, including an increase in the density of predators that likely feed upon mistletoe herbivores. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mooney, KA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mooneyk@tritrophic.org NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1133 EP 1138 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1133:LPPHMT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 105ME UT WOS:000242033400015 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Vargas, RI Caceres, C Jang, E Cho, IK AF Chang, Chiou Ling Vargas, Roger I. Caceres, Carlos Jang, Eric Cho, Il Kyu TI Development and assessment of a liquid larval diet for Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE oriental fruit fly; liquid diet rearing; bulking agent; sponge cloth ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; MELON FLY; SYSTEM AB Larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tepbritidae), the oriental fruit fly, were reared in a liquid diet without mill feed (a biological bulking agent) on a large scale for the first time. Sponge cloth was used as an inert diet-supporting material. Experiments were conducted to identify the rearing components for factory-scale liquid diet rearing based on the larval duration, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence, flight ability, mating, egg hatch, sex ratio, egg production, and egging duration. The up-to-date recommended rearing conditions using liquid diet are as follows: formula: basic liquid diet includes sugar (8.99%), yeast (15.06%), nipagen (0.15%), sodium benzoate (0.15%), wheat germ oil (0.15%), citric acid (1.70%), and water (73.81%); tray: lid of pupation fiberglass box; seeding egg density: 2.5 ml; diet volume: 1,250 ml; screen: coarse screen or optional depending on the tray design; water quality: tap water; and additives: 0.15% wheat germ oil or higher. Fruit fly performance from larvae reared in this liquid diet is identical to that from conventional mill feed diet, and preliminary tests show that liquid diet technology can be used at the factory scale. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. IAEA, FAO, Entomol Unit, Agr & Biotechnol Lab, A-24444 Seibersdorf, Austria. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 2727 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM schang@bbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1198 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1191:DAAOAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 105ME UT WOS:000242033400022 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, DD DeHeer, CJ Krieger, MJB Ross, KG AF Shoemaker, D. DeWayne DeHeer, Christopher J. Krieger, Michael J. B. Ross, Kenneth G. TI Population genetics of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in the United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE fire ants; genetic structure; invasion history; Solenopsis invicta ID 2 SOCIAL FORMS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SOUTH-AMERICAN RANGE; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; COLONY STRUCTURE; ARGENTINE ANT; HYBRID ZONE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; QUEEN RECRUITMENT; MOLECULAR MARKERS AB Analyses of population genetic variation in invasive species can provide information on the histon, of the invasions, breeding systems, and gene flow patterns. We surveyed genetic variation in both social forms of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), throughout the species' introduced range in the United States, to learn bow the unique breeding biology of each form shapes genetic structure at various scales, to discern genetic footprints of the invasion process, and to reconstruct the origin and spread of each form. Consistent with more limited earlier studies, our analyses revealed significant local mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differentiation in the polygyne (multiple colony queens) but not in the monogyne (single colony queen) social form as well as pronounced mtDNA differentiation coupled with weaker nuclear differentiation between sympatric populations of the two forms. At a larger scale, we found no mtDNA but significant nuclear regional differentiation. In general, populations were most similar to other populations of the same social form at their mtDNA genomes. These higher level patterns of structure are consistent with the spread of the ant by long-distance, human-mediated dispersal, with subfounder populations of each form typically established by queens of the same form. Bayesian analyses showed that study populations most distant from the claimed site of entry, Mobile, AL, have diverged most from the hypothetical founder population, consistent with an invasion scenario in which the ants spread outward from Mobile through repeated subfounder events. Several lines of evidence raise the possibility of secondary introductions of S. invicta into the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Ctr Studies Phys & Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shoemaker, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM dshoemak@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 117 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1213 EP 1233 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1213:PGOTIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 105ME UT WOS:000242033400025 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, OV Mavrodi, DV Weller, DM Thomashow, LS AF Mavrodi, Olga V. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Weller, David M. Thomashow, Linda S. TI Role of ptsP, orfT, and sss recombinase genes in root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINASE; ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; AERUGINOSA VIRULENCE FACTORS; ENZYME I-NTR; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; RHIZOSPHERE COLONIZATION AB Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 produces 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), a pollyketide antibiotic that suppresses a wide variety of soilborne fungal pathogens, including Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, which causes take-all disease of wheat. Strain Q8r1-96 is representative of the D-genotype of 2,4-DAPG producers, which are exceptional because of their ability to aggressively colonize and maintain large populations on the roots of host plants, including wheat, pea, and sugar beet. In this study, three genes, an sss recombinase gene, ptsP, and orfT, which are important in the interaction of Pseudomonas spp. with various hosts, were investigated to determine their contributions to the unusual colonization properties of strain Q8r1-96. The sss recombinase and ptsP genes influence global processes, including phenotypic plasticity and organic nitrogen utilization, respectively. The orfT gene contributes to the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in plants and animals and is conserved among saprophytic rhizosphere pseudomonads, but its function is unknown. Clones containing these genes were identified in a Q8r1-96 genomic library, sequenced, and used to construct gene replacement mutants of Q8r1-96. Mutants were characterized to determine their 2,4-DAPG production, motility, fluorescence, colony morphology, exoprotease and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, carbon and nitrogen utilization, and ability to colonize the rhizosphere of wheat grown in natural soil. The ptsP mutant was impaired in wheat root colonization, whereas mutants with mutations in the sss recombinase gene and orfT were not. However, all three mutants were less competitive than wild-type P. fluorescens Q8r1-96 in the wheat rhizosphere when they were introduced into the soil by paired inoculation with the parental strain. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thomashow, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM thomasho@mail.wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 NR 78 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 72 IS 11 BP 7111 EP 7122 DI 10.1128/AEM.01215-06 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 105BH UT WOS:000242003800031 PM 16936061 ER PT J AU Byler, RK Boykin, JC AF Byler, R. K. Boykin, J. C. TI Seed cotton moisture conditioning using an atomizing nozzle in the conveyer-distributor SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE seed cotton; moisture content; moisture; restoration; ginning; quality AB Seed cotton is often drier than optimum for ginning when it arrives at the gin plant and ginning the lint too dry results in lower fiber quality. In this study a total of 78 bales of cotton were ginned with various moisture treatments, including water sprayed on seed cotton before the gin stand. The lint moisture content (mc) of samples obtained before the lint cleaner ranged from 3.7% to 6.9% (wet basis) across all treatments. Decreased drying resulted in increased trash levels in the lint. Otherwise, the lint properties were affected by the fiber mc measured before the lint cleaner regardless of the method of achieving that mc. Ginning with lint at higher mc improved the HVI length and strength as well as all of the AFIS fiber length measurements. The AFIS short fiber content (by weight) of samples taken after lint cleaning was improved by about 6% (or half a short fiber percentage point) for each percentage point increase in lint mc of samples taken before the lint cleaner. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), Box 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rbyler@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 819 EP 826 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900004 ER PT J AU Marek, T Piccinni, G Schneider, A Howell, T Jett, M Dusek, D AF Marek, T. Piccinni, G. Schneider, A. Howell, T. Jett, M. Dusek, D. TI Weighing lysimeters for the determination of crop water requirements and crop coefficients SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE weighing lysimeters; ET measurement; crop water measurement; lysimeter construction; crop coefficients ID EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DESIGN; WHEAT; INSTALLATION AB Weighing lysimeters are accurate instruments to measure crop evapotranspiration. Three weighing lysimeters, consisting of undisturbed 1.5- X 2.0-m surface area by 2.5-m depth cores of soil, were constructed and installed at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in Uvalde, Texas. Two lysimeters, each weighing approximately 14 Mg, were located beneath a linear irrigation sprinkler system and used in the field production of several crops commonly grown in the area. The third lysimeter was constructed and is used to measure reference ET from a well-watered, grass (ETOS) located adjacent to the field lysimeters. Design construction, installation, engineering details and other considerations to ensure acceptable performance of the lysimeters are discussed. The lysimeter facility was developed to accurately assess crop water requirements Of vegetables as well as other field crops grown in the Winter Garden region of Texas. Preliminary detection capability of the scale system is also reported. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Agr Expt Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Marek, T (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Agr Expt Stn, 6500 Amarillo Blvd, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM T-MAREK@tamu.edu NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 851 EP 856 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900008 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Grigg, BC Fouss, JL Southwick, LM AF Kornecki, T. S. Grigg, B. C. Fouss, J. L. Southwick, L. M. TI Effectiveness of post-harvest sugarcane residue and polyacrylamide on reducing soil deposition in quarter-drains SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sugarcane residue; PAM; soil erosion; soil deposition; quarter-drain ID WATER-QUALITY; EROSION; POLYMERS; RUNOFF; INFILTRATION; DEGRADATION; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT; RAINFALL AB Each spring, small ditches perpendicular to sugarcane rows (quarter-drains) that are responsible for transferring runoff from furrows to main ditches have to be re-conditioned to be effective. Bare soil surfaces in quarter-drains and furrows are exposed to intense rainfalls. Raindrop energy from rainfall causes detachment of soil particles and sediment transport from furrows through quarter-drains to main ditches. In time, sediment transported from furrows that accumulates in main ditches diminishes the capacity of these structures, thus requiring frequent and costly sediment cleanup. On average, yearly cost of sediment cleanup from surface ditches is $293/ha. Present practice in managing post-harvest residue is burning. However, burning is a questionable management practice and has a negative effect on the environment and human health due to discharging toxic gases into the atmosphere. An alternative to burning is to leave sugarcane residue on the surface after harvest. This practice could provide multiple benefits such as reducing soil sediment, enhancing soil quality in terms of increasing soil organic carbon, and decreasing cost for cleanup of surface ditches. To evaluate these benefits, an experiment was conducted to study effects of sugarcane post-harvest residue and Polyacrylamide (PAM) applied directly to quarter-drains in spring 2003. Twelve plots (0.1. ha each) were planted to sugarcane. For the residue treatment, residue was left on site after harvest and swept to furrows. Comparison was made with similar quarter-drains on six plots where residue was removed by burning. Treatments were: (1) residue left on the field; (2) no residue; (3) residue + PAM applied; and (4) no residue + PAM applied. Following each rainfall event, which produced runoff (four events), measurements of erosion/sedimentation depths were obtained. Based on the data, soil deposition in quarter-drains was the main process and the measurements represent the combined effect of treatments on the field and sediment transport through the quarter-drains. The sediment deposited in quarter-drains originated both from furrows and from side walls of quarter-drains. Sediment deposition rather than typically expected soil erosion in quarter-drains was related to unusually dry weather during the experiment. The sediment was measured at four locations along the length of the quarter-drain. A custom-made portable device was used to determine cross-sectional area of each semicircular quarter-drain at selected grid points. Based oil four rainfall events with a cumulative depth of 105 mm, sugarcane residue left on the field significantly reduced soil deposition by 28% in quarter-drains compared to residue removed by burning. Results also show that, in addition to residue left on the field, applying an aqueous PAM solution to quarter-drains further reduced soil deposition by 34%; however, no significant difference in soil deposition was found between residue only and residue + PAM treatments. Data suggest that PAM effectiveness was likely inhibited by abnormally dry and hot weather in spring, 2003, and might be related to the polymer's chemical, photo, and mechanical degradation. Leaving sugarcane residue on the field after harvest instead of burning could reduce soil loss from furrows and surface drains by 4.2 tons per year This type of residue management might also provide economical benefits due to reducing reformation cost of surface drainage ditches within the field with an average yearly savings of $106/ha. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tkornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 857 EP 865 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900009 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB AF Loughrin, J. H. Szogi, A. A. Vanotti, M. B. TI Reduction of malodorous compounds from liquid swine manure by a multi-stage treatment system SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE biological oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; malodor; manure; odor; swine; volatile; wastewater ID ODOROUS COMPOUNDS AB A full-scale swine wastewater treatment system was designed and implemented to replace anaerobic lagoon treatment systems with a three-stage process of solids separation, biological nitrogen (N) removal, and phosphorus recovery. Our study had the objectives of evaluating both the system's efficiency for odor control and water quality parameters that better indicate odor reduction. This report presents data on the concentration in liquid of six selected malodorous compounds (phenol, p-cresol, p-ethylphenol, p-propylphenol, indole, and skatole) and 15 water quality parameters measured at the three successive stages of the treatment process. Solid phase extraction of odor compounds showed that the concentrations of malodorous compounds were reduced by almost 98% in the treated effluent as compared to untreated raw flushed manure. The majority of this odor reduction occurred during biological N treatment. No single water quality parameter served as the sole indicator for the levels of all six odor compounds that we measured in wastewater. Except for phenol, the levels of ammonia N and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements were highly correlated with reduction of individual malodorous compounds in wastewater Seven out of 15 parameters measured (soluble COD, soluble BOD, TKN, ammonia-N, nitrate-N, alkalinity, and EC) were found to be highly related to reduction of total measured malodorous compounds. These results suggest that selected water quality parameters in swine wastewater could assist to evaluate odor control measures when no sensory analysis or appropriate analytical equipment is available. They also indicate that treatment systems incorporating biological N removal can greatly reduce malodorous compounds in liquid swine manure. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Serv, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. USDA, ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Loughrin, JH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Serv, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM jloughrin@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 867 EP 873 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900010 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Ruthardt, BB Copeland, KS AF Evett, S. R. Ruthardt, B. B. Copeland, K. S. TI External full-time vacuum lysimeter drainage system SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Low-cost weighing lysimeters have been demonstrated with accuracies better than 0.1 mm. However, these low-cost lysimeters lack full-time vacuum drainage systems; and they lack access to the lysimeter tank for installation and maintenance of a vacuum system. Without frequent manual drainage, such lysimeters can become waterlogged. We designed, implemented, and characterized the performance of an automatic vacuum drainage system that can be added to a low-cost lysimeter externally (provided that drainage filters were installed in the lysimeter and plumbed to the outside). The system consists of a buried vertical cylindrical vacuum chamber, inside of which a drainage collection tank is suspended from a load cell. A small enclosure containing a vacuum pump, vacuum sensor, and ports for accessing the drainage chamber is situated above the vacuum chamber and level with the field surface. Disturbance of wind patterns and energy and water balances in the field is minimized by the buried system. At 0.0013 mm, accuracy of drainage measurement was nearly two orders of magnitude better than that of the lysimeter mass measurement, ensuring that the continuous drainage measurement may be included in the mass balance determination of evapotranspiration (ET) without diminishing the accuracy of ET values. The system design, installation, and testing are described. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 875 EP 880 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900011 ER PT J AU Ganesan, V Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Ganesan, V. Rosentrater, K. A. Muthukumarappan, K. TI Methodology to determine soluble content in dry grind ethanol coproduct streams SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE CDS; coproducts; corn; DDGS; distillers grains; ethanol; solubles; syrup ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS AB Distillers grains and syrup are coproducts from fuel ethanol dry grind processing. Ethanol manufacturing is dramatically increasing in the United States, primarily in Midwestern states, and thus the availability of these feed products is also growing. Confusion currently exists in industrial nomenclature regarding "solubles" in these streams because no standards are in place. In our study, dissolved materials were considered soluble matter We developed a methodology to determine the dry basis soluble content in condensed distillers solubles (CDS) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). A mass balance analytical approach was initially used, but results were not in good agreement with experimental data. This method was thus deemed a poor predictor of final soluble content. This led to the development of a new methodology for determining, as well as predicting, soluble content for various coproduct streams, which produced results with R-2 > 0.96. This approach is applicable for all dry grind ethanol coproduct streams and is useful for value-added product development research. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 899 EP 903 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900014 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Brabec, DL AF Pearson, T. C. Brabec, D. L. TI Camera attachment for automatic measurement of single-wheat kernel size on a perten SKCS 4100 SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE image; SKCS; length; width ID CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; QUALITY AB A simple camera was attached to a Perten Single-Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) 4100 to measure single kernel morphology as they are fed through the SKCS. The camera and lighting were positioned above the SKCS weigher bucket. Each image of a wheat kernel was captured and processed in 15 to 60 ms. Image measurements included kernel area, length, and width. Samples of durum (DU), hard red winter (HRW), soft red winter (SRW), hard white (HW), and soft white (SW) wheat were used. It was found that the best estimates for kernel length, width, and thickness measurements were obtained by combining image measurements with SKCS measurements. The mean error for kernel-diameter estimates was reduced by 56% from estimates using the SKCS-diameter measurement alone. Additionally, image measurements reduced mean errors for estimating kernel length by 66% over estimates using SKCS parameters alone. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM Thomas.pearson@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 927 EP 933 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900017 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Reid, JF AF Kim, Y. Reid, J. F. TI Modeling and calibration of a multi-spectral imaging sensor for in-field crop nitrogen assessment SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Spectroscopy; machine vision; GPS; illumination; corn; chlorophyll; precision agriculture ID REFLECTANCE; LEAVES; CHLOROPHYLL; CORN AB Assessment of nitrogen content from crop leaves has been of interest worldwide to help growers adjust N fertilizer rates to meet the demands of the crop. A multi-spectral imaging system was developed for in-field real-time assessment of plant nitrogen stress in corn (Zea mays L.) crops indicated by plant reflectance and measured using a vision-based multi-spectral imaging sensor (MSIS). The objectives of this article were to formulate a mathematical model of reflectance and calibrate the MSIS system. A MSIS response model was formulated based on solar energy transformation. The MSIS was calibrated with a known reflectance target to determine the relationship between the MSIS reflectance response and that of a known target reflectance by setting the MSIS, a sensor for ambient illumination (AI), and an absolute reflectance panel normal to the solar position. Sensor calibration proved the validity of the reflectance model such that dynamic adjustment of the camera parameters according to gain change maintained the linearity of log response of the MSIS. Calibration constants were determined and validated with reflectance responses of four MSIS units paired with AI sensors. Consistent performance was achieved across the units. The difterence found in some units was mainly caused by erroneous AI calibration values. Corrected AI sensors improved the MSIS responses by producing nearly identical responses over all units except one unit with image formation problems. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Moline Technol Inovat Ctr, Moline, IL USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM JKim@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 935 EP 941 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900018 ER PT J AU Bramble, T Dowell, FE Herrman, TJ AF Bramble, T. Dowell, F. E. Herrman, T. J. TI Single-kernel near-infrared protein prediction and therole of kernel weight in 14 hard red winter wheat SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE automation; grading; near-infrared; NIR; protein; single-kernel; wheat ID REFLECTANCE AB A near-infrared single-kernel protein calibration for hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed to support research mapping the variance structure of single-kernel protein in commercial wheat fields. The hierarchical sampling design used to map the variance structure included fields, plots, rows, plants, heads, spikelet, and kernels from 4 7 fields containing the cultivars Jagger, 2137, Ike, or TAM 107. Each kernel was evaluated for protein content using an automated single-kernel NIR system. Five hundred kernels were selected as the model development set and reference protein content was determined using a combustion nitrogen analyzer The resulting 11 factor PLS model had a standard error of prediction based on a cross validation (SECV) of 1.21% and r(2) = 0.84. Application of a kernel weight correction improved model performance statistics (SECV = 0.40%, r(2) = 0.89). A moderate negative correlation was observed (r = -0.55) between kernel weight and protein content. Previous research exploring single-kernel protein had not documented this relationship. The partial least squares model containing a kernel weight adjustment was most accurate with Jagger kernels (SECV = 0.32%, r(2) = 0.92) and least accurate with TAM 107 kernels (SECV = 0.51%, r(2) = 0.82). The application of the weight correction factor resulted in a lower SECV than previous research. Currently, single-kernel protein analysis instruments have not included a kernel weight apparatus, which represents a constraint in accurately predicting single-kernel protein using NIR technology. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Off Texas State Chem, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. King Arthur Flour Co, Norwich, VT USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Herrman, TJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Off Texas State Chem, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. EM tjh@otsc.tamu.edu NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 945 EP 949 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 118EL UT WOS:000242924900019 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL AF Liu, Z. Lewis TI Genomic adaptation of ethanologenic yeast to biomass conversion inhibitors SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; biotransformation; furfural; genomic expression; in situ detoxification ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; MICROARRAY DATA; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; FURFURYL ALCOHOL; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; DNA MICROARRAY; FUEL ETHANOL; RT-PCR AB One major barrier to the economic conversion of biomass to ethanol is inhibitory compounds generated during biomass pretreatment using dilute acid hydrolysis. Major inhibitors such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) inhibit yeast growth and subsequent fermentation. The ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated a dose-dependant inhibition by the inhibitors and has the potential to transform furfural and HMF into less toxic compounds of furfuryl alcohol and 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran (also termed as furan-2,5-dimethanol (FDM)), respectively. For a sustainable and cost-competitive biomass-to-ethanol industry, it is important to develop more tolerant yeast strains that can, in situ, detoxify the inhibitors and produce ethanol. This study summarizes current knowledge and our understanding of the inhibitors furfural and HMF and discusses metabolic conversion pathways of the inhibitors and the yeast genomic expression response to inhibitor stress. Unlike laboratory strains, gene expression response of the ethanologenic yeast to furfural and HMF was not transient, but a continued dynamic process involving multiple genes at the genome level. This suggests that during the lag phase, ethanologenic yeasts undergo a genomic adaptation process in response to the inhibitors. The findings to date provide a strong foundation for future studies on genomic adaptation and manipulation of yeast to aid more robust strain design and development. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM liuzl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 66 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 73 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0567-3 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 097MR UT WOS:000241452600003 PM 17028874 ER PT J AU Roberts, CA Ren, C Beuselinck, PR Benedict, HR Bilyeu, K AF Roberts, C. A. Ren, C. Beuselinck, P. R. Benedict, H. R. Bilyeu, K. TI Fatty acid profiling of soybean cotyledons by near-infrared spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR; principal component analysis; PCA; fatty acid; lipid; oil; soybean; cotyledon; grain quality ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; SEED TRAITS; ASSOCIATION; SPECTRA; RISK; OILS AB Genetically improved soybean grain often contains altered fatty acid profiles. Such alterations can have deleterious effects on seed germination and seedling development, making it necessary to monitor fatty acid profiles in follow-up physiological studies. The objective of this research was to quantify the five fatty acids in soybean (Glycine max) cotyledons using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Soybean cotyledon samples were dried, ground, and scanned with visible and NIR radiation from 400 to 2500 run, and reflectance was recorded. Samples were also analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and total oil; GC data, expressed as actual concentration and proportion of total oil, were regressed against spectral data to develop calibration equations. Equation statistics indicated that four of the five fatty acids could be predicted accurately by NIR spectroscopy; the fifth fatty acid could be determined by subtraction. Principal component analysis revealed that most of the spectral variation in this population was due to chlorophyll absorbance in the visible region. Therefore, the spectra were trimmed to include the NIR region only (1100-2500 nm), and a second set of equations was developed. Equations based exclusively on NIR spectra had equal or greater precision than equations based on visible and NIR spectra. Principal component analysis and partial least squares analysis revealed that even after trimming, at least 90% of the spectral variation was unrelated to fatty acid, though variation from fatty acid was identified in the second and third principal components. This research provides an NIR method for complete fatty acid profiling of soybean cotyledons. Equations were achieved with NIR spectra only, so spectrophotometers that analyze both the visible and NIR regions are not needed for this analysis. In addition, equations were possible with a 250 mg sample, which is one-tenth the normal sample size for this analysis. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Roberts, CA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM RobertsCr@missouri.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1328 EP 1333 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 109AZ UT WOS:000242281600015 PM 17132452 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Ksander, GG AF Spencer, David F. Ksander, Gregory G. TI Estimating Arundo donax ramet recruitment using degree-day based equations SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE phenology; giant reed; rhizome; sprouting ID HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; GIANT REED; PATTERNS; POACEAE AB Arundo donax is a tall perennial reed. Once established, it spreads by producing new shoots (ramets) from rhizomes. We performed two separate experiments to test the hypotheses that temperature (7, 8, 14, 16, or 20 degrees C) and combinations of temperature and nitrate concentration (0, 0.3, 0.6,1.2, 2.4, 3.6, 4.8, and 6.0 mg/l nitrate) regulated the initiation of ramet production. No ramets emerged from rhizome sections at 7 or 8 degrees C, but ramets emerged at 14, 16, and 20 degrees C. Neither time to ramet emergence nor the number of ramets that emerged was influenced by nitrate level in the watering solution. We used the above results in combination with ramet emergence data from plants grown outdoors at Davis, California to develop degree-day equations for three separate ramet cohorts. When compared to ramet emergence from different plants in different years, there was very good agreement between predicted and actual ramet emergence indicating that these equations provide a realistic representation of processes involved in ramet emergence. This is an important step in developing integrated management plans for this species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Robbins Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dfspencer@ucdavis.edu NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 85 IS 4 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.06.001 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 097DN UT WOS:000241426900002 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ Bongard, V Beiser, AS Lamon-Fava, S Robins, SJ Au, R Tucker, KL Kyle, DJ Wilson, PWF Wolf, PA AF Schaefer, Ernst J. Bongard, Vanina Beiser, Alexa S. Lamon-Fava, Stefania Robins, Sander J. Au, Rhoda Tucker, Katherine L. Kyle, David J. Wilson, Peter W. F. Wolf, Philip A. TI Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease - The Framingham heart study SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; COGNITIVE DECLINE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; FISH; BRAIN; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PERFORMANCE; CONSUMPTION; EPSILON-4; FREQUENCY AB Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an abundant fatty acid in the brain. In the diet, DHA is found mostly in fatty fish. The content of DHA has been shown to be decreased in the brain and plasma of patients with dementia. Objective: To determine whether plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) DHA content is associated with the risk of developing dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants: A prospective follow-up study in 899 men and women who were free of dementia at baseline, had a median age of 76.0 years, and were followed up for a mean of 9.1 years for the development of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease. Main Outcome Measures: Plasma PC fatty acid levels were measured at baseline. Cox proportional regression analysis was used to assess relative risks of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease according to baseline plasma levels. Results: Ninety-nine new cases of dementia (including 71 of Alzheimer disease) occurred during the follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele, plasma homocysteine concentration, and education level, subjects in the upper quartile of baseline plasma PC DHA levels, compared with subjects in the lower 3 quartiles, had a relative risk of 0.53 of developing all-cause dementia (95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.97; P = .04) and 0.61 of developing Alzheimer disease (95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.18; P = .14). Subjects in the upper quartile of plasma PC, DHA levels had a mean DHA intake of 0.18 g/d and a mean fish intake of 3.0 servings per week (P < .001) in a subset of 488 participants. We found no other significant associations. Conclusion: The top quartile of plasma PC DHA level was associated with a significant 47% reduction in the risk of developing all-cause dementia in the Framingham Heart Study. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Market Biosci Corp, Columbia, MD USA. NHLBI, Framinham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HV-83-03, N01-HC-25195]; NIA NIH HHS [5R01-AG-08122-14] NR 25 TC 317 Z9 331 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1545 EP 1550 DI 10.1001/archneur.63.11.1545 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 104JJ UT WOS:000241954400004 PM 17101822 ER PT J AU Balk, EM Lichtenstein, AH Chung, M Kupelnick, B Chew, P Lau, J AF Balk, Ethan M. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Chung, Mei Kupelnick, Bruce Chew, Priscilla Lau, Joseph TI Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Review DE omega-3 fatty acid; cardiovascular disease; fish oil; systematic review; meta-analysis ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; INDO-MEDITERRANEAN DIET; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FISH-OIL SUPPLEMENTATION; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; COD-LIVER-OIL; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk, although the mechanisms are unclear. Plant-source oil omega-3 fatty acids (ALA) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of consumption of fish oil and ALA on commonly measured serum CVD risk factors, performing meta-analyses when appropriate. Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes, fish oil consumption resulted in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 (95% CI -33, -20) mg/dL, in HDL cholesterol of +1.6 (95% CI +0.8,+2.3) mg/dL, and in LDL cholesterol of +6 (95% CI +3,+8) mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol. Across studies, higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides. Overall, the 27 fish oil trials evaluating Hgb A(1c) or FBS found small non-significant net increases compared to control oils. Five studies of ALA were inconsistent in their effects on lipids, Hgb A(1c) or FBS. Four studies investigating the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP were also inconsistent and non-significant. The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides, particularly among people with more elevated levels. Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol, increases LDL cholesterol levels, but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis. The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive, as are data on ALA. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Balk, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Box 63,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ebalk@tufts-nemc.org NR 92 TC 354 Z9 366 U1 6 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 189 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.012 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 097SD UT WOS:000241467900003 PM 16530201 ER EF