FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Egel, DS Adkins, S AF Egel, D. S. Adkins, S. TI Squash vein yellowing virus identified in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Indiana. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Purdue Univ, SW Purdue Agr Ctr, Vincennes, IN 47591 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Egel, DS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, SW Purdue Agr Ctr, Vincennes, IN 47591 USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1056 EP 1056 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1056B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100036 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, R Ojiambo, PS Twizeyimana, M AF Bandyopadhyay, R. Ojiambo, P. S. Twizeyimana, M. TI First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Ghana. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. Crop Res Inst, Kumasi, Ghana. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, R (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Twizeyimana, Mathias/0000-0003-2173-6693 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1057 EP 1057 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1057B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100039 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL McClay, AS Hambleton, S Tropiano, R Hill-Rackette, G AF Bruckart, W. L., III McClay, A. S. Hambleton, S. Tropiano, R. Hill-Rackette, G. TI First report of Puccinia lagenophorae on common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) in Canada. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. McClay Ecosci, Sherwood Pk, AB T8H 1H8, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 06C, Canada. RP Bruckart, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1058 EP 1058 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1058C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100043 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Meinhardt, SW Faris, JD AF Friesen, Timothy L. Meinhardt, Steven W. Faris, Justin D. TI The Stagonospora nodorum-wheat pathosystem involves multiple proteinaceous host-selective toxins and corresponding host sensitivity genes that interact in an inverse gene-for-gene manner SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE host-selective toxin; gene-for-gene; septoria; phaeosphaeria; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; ptr ToxA ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; WINTER-WHEAT; PTR TOXA; TAN SPOT; GLUME BLOTCH; PARTIAL RESISTANCE; LEAF BLOTCH; CELL-DEATH; IDENTIFICATION AB We recently showed that the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum produces proteinaceous host-selective toxins (HSTs). These toxins include SnTox1 as well as SnToxA, a HST first identified from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis that was implicated in a very recent horizontal gene transfer event from S. nodorum to P. tritici-repentis. Compelling evidence implicating SnToxA and SnTox1 in disease development has been obtained. Here, we report the partial purification and characterization of a third HST designated SnTox2, as well as the genetic characterization of the corresponding host-sensitivity gene. SnTox2 was protease sensitive and is estimated between 7 and 10 kDa in size. Sensitivity to SnTox2 was conferred by a single dominant gene designated Snn2, which mapped to the short arm of wheat chromosome 2D. Genetic analysis of reaction to conidial inoculations in a segregating wheat population indicated that both the Snn2-SnTox2 and the Tsn1-SnToxA interactions were involved in disease development, and together they accounted for the majority of the phenotypic variation. Therefore, S. nodorum produces multiple toxins that rely on specific interactions with host gene products to cause disease. The identification of multiple HST-host gene interactions important for disease development and the availability of the S. nodorum whole genome sequence indicate the potential for this pathosystem to serve as a toxin-based, inverse gene-for-gene model. C1 USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Cereal Crop Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Cereal Crop Res Unit, 1307 N 18th St, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 681 EP 692 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03166.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 206SL UT WOS:000249203100012 PM 17573802 ER PT J AU Singh, M Burson, BL Finlayson, SA AF Singh, Manjit Burson, Byron L. Finlayson, Scott A. TI Isolation of candidate genes for apomictic development in buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apomixis; apospory; embryo sac; gene expression; megagametogenesis; ovary ID GRASS PANICUM-MAXIMUM; ALLELIC INTERACTIONS; POA-PRATENSIS; APOMIXIS; INHERITANCE; EXPRESSION; HIERACIUM; APOSPORY; PROTEIN; GAMETOGENESIS AB Asexual reproduction through seeds, or apomixis, is a process that holds much promise for agricultural advances. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying apomixis are currently poorly understood. To identify genes related to female gametophyte development in apomictic ovaries of buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link), Suppression Subtractive Hybridization of ovary cDNA with leaf cDNA was performed. Through macroarray screening of subtracted cDNAs two genes were identified, Pca21 and Pca24, that showed differential expression between apomictic and sexual ovaries. Sequence analysis showed that both Pca21 and Pca24 are novel genes not previously characterized in plants. Pca21 shows homology to two wheat genes that are also expressed during reproductive development. Pca24 has similarity to coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain containing proteins from maize and sugarcane. Northern blot analysis revealed that both of these genes are expressed throughout female gametophyte development in apomictic ovaries. In situ hybridizations localized the transcript of these two genes to the developing embryo sacs in the apomictic ovaries. Based on the expression patterns it was concluded that Pca21 and Pca24 likely play a role during apomictic development in buffelgrass. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Finlayson, SA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sfinlayson@tamu.edu OI Finlayson, Scott/0000-0002-5084-360X NR 41 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 64 IS 6 BP 673 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s11103-007-9188-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 189QS UT WOS:000248004200005 PM 17541705 ER PT J AU Wang, D Portis, AR AF Wang, Dafu Portis, Archie R., Jr. TI A novel nucleus-encoded chloroplast protein, PIFI, is involved in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex-mediated chlororespiratory electron transport in Arabidopsis(1,2[W][OA]) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASTID NDH GENES; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; NONPHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION; PLASTOQUINONE POOL; TERMINAL OXIDASE; TOBACCO; LEAVES; FLOW AB A transient rise in chlorophyll fluorescence after turning off actinic light reflects nonphotochemical reduction of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool. This process is dependent on the activity of the chloroplast NAD(P) H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex, which mediates electron flow from stromal reductants to the PQ pool. In this study, we characterized an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) T-DNA insertion mutant pifi (for postillumination chlorophyll fluorescence increase), which possesses an intact NDH complex, but lacks the NDH-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence increase after turning off actinic light. The nuclear gene PIFI (At3g15840) containing the T-DNA insertion encodes a chloroplast-targeted protein localized in the stroma and is annotated as a protein of unknown function. The pifi mutant exhibited a lower capacity for nonphotochemical quenching, but similar CO2 assimilation rates, photosystem II (PSII) quantum efficiencies (Phi PSII), and reduction levels of the primary electron acceptor of PSII (1 - qL) as compared with the wild type. The pifi mutant grows normally under optimal conditions, but exhibits greater sensitivity to photoinhibition and long-term mild heat stress than wild-type plants, which is consistent with lower capacity of nonphotochemical quenching. We conclude that PIFI is a novel component essential for NDH-mediated nonphotochemical reduction of the PQ pool in chlororespiratory electron transport. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu RI Wang, Dafu/D-5417-2009 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1742 EP 1752 DI 10.1104/pp.107.103218 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 199OJ UT WOS:000248704800005 PM 17573537 ER PT J AU Fraser, CM Thompson, MG Shirley, AM Ralph, J Schoenherr, JA Sinlapadech, T Hall, MC Chapple, C AF Fraser, Christopher M. Thompson, Michael G. Shirley, Amber M. Ralph, John Schoenherr, Jessica A. Sinlapadech, Taksina Hall, Mark C. Chapple, Clint TI Related Arabidopsis serine carboxypeptidase - Like sinapoylglucose acyltransferases display distinct but overlapping substrate Specificities SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-CULTURES; HYDROXYCINNAMOYL-TRANSFERASE; ANTHOCYANIN COMPOSITION; ACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS; SECONDARY METABOLISM; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; MAJOR ANTHOCYANIN; MATTHIOLA-INCANA; ACETYL-COENZYME AB The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes 51 proteins annotated as serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) enzymes. Nineteen of these SCPL proteins are highly similar to one another, and represent a clade that appears to be unique to plants. Two of the most divergent proteins within this group have been characterized to date, sinapoyl-glucose (Glc):malate sinapoyltransferase and sinapoyl-Glc:choline sinapoyltransferase. The fact that two of the least related proteins within this clade are acyltransferases rather than true serine carboxypeptidases suggests that some or all of the remaining members of this group may have similar activities. The gene that encodes sinapoyl-Glc: malate sinapoyltransferase (sinapoyl-Glc accumulator1 [SNG1]: At2g22990) is one of five SCPL genes arranged in a cluster on chromosome 2. In this study, an analysis of deletion mutant lines lacking one or more genes in this SCPL gene cluster reveals that three of these genes also encode sinapoyl-Glc-dependent acyltransferases. At2g23000 encodes sinapoyl-Glc: anthocyanin acyltransferase, an enzyme that is required for the synthesis of the sinapoylated anthocyanins in Arabidopsis. At2g23010 encodes an enzyme capable of synthesizing 1,2disinapoyl-Glc from two molecules of sinapoyl-Glc, an activity shared by SNG1 and At2g22980. Sequence analysis of these SCPL proteins reveals pairwise percent identities that range from 71% to 78%, suggesting that their differing specificities for acyl acceptor substrates are due to changes in a relatively small subset of amino acids. The study of these SCPL proteins provides an opportunity to examine enzyme structure-function relationships and may shed light on the role of evolution of hydroxycinnamate ester metabolism and the SCPL gene family in Arabidopsis and other flowering plants. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. United States Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chapple, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM chapple@purdue.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR02301, RR02781, RR08438] NR 60 TC 57 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1986 EP 1999 DI 10.1104/pp.107.098970 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 199OJ UT WOS:000248704800026 PM 17600138 ER PT J AU Baldwin, JC Dombrowski, JE Martin, RC Banowetz, GM AF Baldwin, James C. Dombrowski, James E. Martin, Ruth C. Banowetz, Gary M. TI Differentially expressed genes associated with post-harvest processing in Lolium temulentum L. SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE post-harvest; straw; grass; biofuels; forage; subtractive suppression hybridization ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FESTUCA-PRATENSIS; DOWN-REGULATION; TALL FESCUE; SENESCENCE; FORAGE; CULTIVARS; STRESS; DEGRADABILITY AB Forage and turf grasses are utilized as feed in livestock production, lawns, erosion prevention and recreational surfaces. During grass seed production, grasses in the field are cut while still green and physiologically active. The cut grass is allowed to cure in the fields for 1-2 weeks prior to harvesting the seed. After seed harvest, a large portion of the generated biomass is left as unused or as low value agricultural residue, such as straw. Such biomass is not suitable as animal feedstock and its biochemical composition limits its utility in biofuel conversion efforts. One potential approach to improve the utility of grass residues as feed or biofuels feedstock would be to modify the biochemical or molecular processes within the plant during the period after swathing and prior to seed harvesting. Unfortunately, little knowledge exists regarding post-harvest gene expression in grasses. To this end, we utilized the model grass Lolium temulentum, a diploid self-fertile species with a short life cycle (2-3 months), to characterize post-harvest gene expression. A PCR based subtractive suppression hybridization library of a simulated grass straw harvest was prepared and after sequencing a total of 598 unique sequences were identified. Many of these sequences corresponded to orthologs of previously identified genes. The expression patterns of seven genes were evaluated by Northern blot analysis in post-harvest leaf and stem tissues. These preliminary studies support the concept of utilizing of L. temulentum as a model forage grass for molecular genetic analyses of post-harvest stress. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 173 IS 2 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.04.001 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 193HF UT WOS:000248264400001 ER PT J AU Ceita, GD Macedo, JNA Santos, TB Alemanno, L Gesteira, AD Micheli, F Mariano, AC Gramacho, KP Silva, DD Meinhardt, L Mazzafera, P Pereira, GAG Cascardo, JCD AF Ceita, Geruza de Oliveira Alves Macedo, Joci Neuby Santos, Thais Bomfim Alemanno, Laurence Gesteira, Abelmon da Silva Micheli, Fabienne Mariano, Andrea Cristina Gramacho, Karina Peres Silva, Delmira da Costa Meinhardt, Lyndel Mazzafera, Paulo Guimaraes Pereira, Goncalo Amarante de Mattos Cascardo, Julio Cezar TI Involvement of calcium oxalate degradation during programmed cell death in Theobroma cacao tissues triggered by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora pemiciosa SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; ascorbate; cacao; druses; H(2)O(2); ROS ID WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; DEFENSE RESPONSES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CAUSAL AGENT; OXALIC-ACID; NUCLEAR-DNA; PLANT; RESISTANCE AB Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of Theobroma cacao, significantly affected cacao production in South America and Caribbean countries. Host colonization by the pathogen exhibits a concerted succession of symptoms, starting with hypertrophic growth and "broom" formation, followed by tissue degeneration and death. To understand mechanisms of host susceptibility, we investigated fungal development during a compatible interaction with a susceptible genotype. Microscopic analysis revealed the initial fungal biotrophic intercellular growth, followed by intracellular growth associated with the presence of an increasing number of host apoptotic nuclei and calcium oxalate crystals, with subsequent accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and cell death. Active oxalate degradation and its possible source of origin were detected in infected tissues. Together, these processes may increase the availability of nutrients for the fungal mycelia and may contribute to the disease cycle in this plant-fungal hemibiotrophic interaction. Based on the histological and gene expression data, a novel role for calcium oxalate in disease susceptibility is proposed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Lab Genom Expressao, BR-45662 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. Cirad CP, UMR, BEPC, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Cirad CP, UMR, PIA, F-34398 Montpellier, France. UNEB, Dept Educ, BR-48970 Senhor Bonfim, BA, Brazil. CEPEC, Lab Fitopatol Mol, Ilheus, BA, Brazil. Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Lab Anat Vegetal, BR-45662 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Fis Vegetal, Campinas, SP 13083, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Campinas, SP 13083, Brazil. RP Cascardo, JCD (reprint author), Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Lab Genom Expressao, Rodovia Ilheus Itabuna Km 16, BR-45662 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. EM cascardo@uesc.br RI Pereira, Goncalo /B-7944-2012; Mazzafera, Paulo/D-4766-2012; Macedo, Joci/I-7230-2013; OI Gramacho, Karina/0000-0003-4037-1554 NR 52 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 173 IS 2 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.04.006 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 193HF UT WOS:000248264400004 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB Kothari, KM Tanaka, CK Hurkman, WJ AF Altenbach, Susan B. Kothari, Kerry M. Tanaka, Charlene K. Hurkman, William J. TI Genes encoding the PR-4 protein wheatwin are developmentally regulated in wheat grains and respond to high temperatures during grainfill SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; allergens; defense proteins; heat stress; flour quality; quantitative RT-PCR ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; RT-PCR; ENDOSPERM; ACCUMULATION; PROFILES; KERNEL AB Sequences encoding three wheatwins, including a novel protein not identified previously, were found among expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from grain from the US bread wheat Butte 86 and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect transcripts specific for two of the wheatwins in a variety of tissues. In the absence of pathogen challenge, wheatwin transcripts were detected in embryo, endosperm, whole grain, awns and glumes as well as in leaves, stems and roots. In both whole grain and endosperm, transcripts accumulated late in development and achieved the highest levels as grain reached maximum dry weight. When high temperature regimens (37/28 degrees C day/night) were imposed during grain development, the timing of transcript accumulation was compressed and maximum transcript levels were significantly higher than under a moderate 24/17 degrees C day/night regimen. Accumulation profiles for two wheatwin proteins identified in endosperm by 2-DE/MS were consistent with transcript profiles and flour from grain produced under high temperatures had greater amounts of the two proteins than flour from grain produced under moderate temperatures. The data confirm that wheatwin genes are developmentally regulated in the grain and suggest that wheatwin plays a role in the response of the developing grain to high temperatures in addition to its protective role against fungal pathogens. Enhanced expression of wheatwin genes in grain produced under high temperature conditions may have important implications for wheat flour quality and allergenic potential. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM altnbach@pw.usda.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 173 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.04.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 193HF UT WOS:000248264400006 ER PT J AU Naik, D Dhanaraj, AL Arora, R Rowland, LJ AF Naik, Dhananjay Dhanaraj, Anik L. Arora, Rajeev Rowland, Lisa J. TI Identification of genes associated with cold acclimation in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) using a subtractive hybridization approach SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold hardiness; cold tolerance; expressed sequence tags; freezing tolerance; genomics; subtracted library ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LOW-TEMPERATURE; FREEZING TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATORS; SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; EXPRESSION PROFILES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ABIOTIC STRESS AB Enhanced cold tolerance, including tolerance to winter freezing and spring frosts, is needed for genetic improvement of current highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars. To gain a better understanding of changes in gene expression associated with development of cold tolerance in blueberry and other woody perennials, forward and reverse subtracted cDNA libraries were prepared in such a way to enrich for transcripts that are expressed at higher levels in dormant blueberry flower buds at 400 h and at 0 h of low temperature exposure, respectively. Of the clones picked and single-pass sequenced, 503 clones from the forward subtracted library and 167 clones from the reverse subtracted library had inserts and yielded high quality sequences; and of these, 291 (57.9%) and 51 (31.0%), respectively, were assigned putative identities from BLAST searches of GenBank. From contig analyses to cluster genes of like or identical sequences, 275 unigenes (unique clones) from the forward subtracted library and 99 unigenes from the reverse subtracted library were obtained. Many interesting cold and light-stress related genes were identified from the forward subtracted library and several drought-stress related genes were identified from the reverse subtracted library. Many genes, not previously characterized from blueberry or other woody perennials, encoding putative transcription factors and proteins related to signal transduction were identified from both the forward and reverse subtracted libraries. Eleven genes of interest (six from the forward subtracted library and five from the reverse subtracted library) were selected and their expression was analyzed in floral buds by quantitative real-time RT-PCR over a time course from similar to 0 to 1200 h of low temperature exposure. Expression profiles validated the quality of the libraries. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jeannine.Rowland@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 173 IS 2 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.05.003 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 193HF UT WOS:000248264400014 ER PT J AU Petrlova, J Krizkova, S Supalkova, V Masarik, M Adam, V Havel, L Kramer, KJ Kizek, R AF Petrlova, J. Krizkova, S. Supalkova, V. Masarik, M. Adam, V. Havel, L. Kramer, K. J. Kizek, R. TI The determination of avidin in genetically modified maize by voltammetric techniques SO PLANT SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Methods in Experimental Biology CY 2006 CL Sumava, CZECH REPUBLIC DE avidin; maize; square-wave voltammetry; carbon paste electrode; GMO ID CARBON PASTE BIOELECTRODE; SQUARE-WAVE VOLTAMMETRY; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; INSECT PESTS; STREPTAVIDIN; BIOTIN; TECHNOLOGY; ELECTRODES AB Quality assurance is a major issue in the food industry. The authenticity of food ingredients and their traceability are required by consumers and authorities. Plant species such as barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza sativa), sunflower (Helianthus annus), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) are very common objects of interest of genetic modification (GMO); therefore the development of specific assays for their specific detection and quantification of GMO are needed. Furthermore, the production and trade of genetically modified lines from an increasing number of plant species brings about the need for control within research, environmental risk assessment, labeling-legal, and consumers' information purposes. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on modification of working electrode could be suitable tools for these purposes. Here, we report using of an avidin-modified carbon paste electrode for rapid and sensitive determination of avidin in plant extract solution and in a transgenic maize extract. The process could be used to determine avidin concentrations up to 3pM in solution and 170nM in a maize seed extract. Moreover, we applied the method to analyze different maize flours. C1 [Petrlova, J.; Krizkova, S.; Supalkova, V.; Adam, V.; Kizek, R.] Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fac Agron, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. [Supalkova, V.; Havel, L.] Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Plant Biol, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. [Masarik, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Biophys, CS-61265 Brno, Czech Republic. [Kramer, K. J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Kizek, R (reprint author), Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fac Agron, Zemedelska 1, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. EM kizek@sci.muni.cz RI Havel, Ladislav/C-8954-2012; Kizek, Rene/D-7748-2012; Masarik, Michal/D-9920-2012; Krizkova, Sona/E-9617-2012; Adam, Vojtech/D-7686-2012 OI Havel, Ladislav/0000-0003-3378-2785; Krizkova, Sona/0000-0002-0479-8369; Adam, Vojtech/0000-0002-8527-286X NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU INST AGRICULTURAL FOOD INFORMATION PI PRAGUE PA SLEZSKA 7, PRAGUE 120 56, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1214-1178 J9 PLANT SOIL ENVIRON JI Plant Soil Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 8 BP 345 EP 349 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286QA UT WOS:000254859700003 ER PT J AU Sarath, G Hou, GC Baird, LM Mitchell, RB AF Sarath, Gautam Hou, Guichuan Baird, Lisa M. Mitchell, Robert B. TI Reactive oxygen species, ABA and nitric oxide interactions on the germination of warm-season C-4-grasses SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ABA; diphenyleneiodonium; hydrogen peroxide; nitric oxide; reactive oxygen species; seed germination; switchgrass; warm-season C-4 grasses ID ARABIDOPSIS SEED-GERMINATION; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ABSCISIC-ACID; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ABIOTIC STRESS; G-PROTEIN; DORMANCY; BIOSYNTHESIS; ALEURONE AB Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly stimulated germination of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seeds with an optimal concentration of 20 mM at both 25 and 35 degrees C. For non-dormant switchgrass seeds exhibiting different levels of germination, treatment with H2O2 resulted in rapid germination (< 3 days) of all germinable seeds as compared to seeds placed on water. Exposure to 20 mM H2O2 elicited simultaneous growth of the root and shoot system, resulting in more uniform seedling development. Seeds of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] also responded positively to H2O2 treatment, indicating the universality of the effect of H2O2 on seed germination in warm-season prairie grasses. For switchgrass seeds, abscisic acid (ABA) and the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) at 20 mu M retarded germination (radicle emergence), stunted root growth and partially inhibited NADPH-oxidase activity in seeds. H2O2 reversed the inhibitory effects of DPI and ABA on germination and coleoptile elongation, but did not overcome DPI inhibition of root elongation. Treatment with H2O2 appeared to enhance endogenous production of nitric oxide, and a scavenger of nitric oxide abolished the peroxide-responsive stimulation of switchgrass seed germination. The activities and levels of several proteins changed earlier in seeds imbibed on H2O2 as compared to seeds maintained on water or on ABA. These data demonstrate that seed germination of warm-season grasses is significantly responsive to oxidative conditions and highlights the complex interplay between seed redox status, ABA, ROS and NO in this system. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Appalachian State Univ, CAS Microscopy Facil, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, 344A Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gsarath1@unl.edu NR 46 TC 62 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 226 IS 3 BP 697 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0517-z PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 189SK UT WOS:000248008600013 PM 17431667 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Lu, FC AF Grabber, John H. Lu, Fachuang TI Formation of syringyl-rich lignins in maize as influenced by feruloylated xylans and p-coumaroylated monolignols SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE cell wall; p-coumarate; cross-linking; ferulate; lignin; peroxidase ID SESAMIA-NONAGRIOIDES LEPIDOPTERA; SCLERENCHYMA CELL-WALLS; FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; COUMARIC ACID; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; RESISTANCE; PEROXIDASE; MODEL; ARABINOXYLANS AB Grass cell walls are atypical because their xylans are acylated with ferulate and lignins are acylated with p-coumarate. To probe the role and interactions of these p-hydroxycinnamates during lignification, feruloylated primary cell walls isolated from maize cell suspensions were lignified with coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols and with varying levels of p-coumarate esters. Ferulate xylan esters enhanced the formation of wall-bound syringyl lignin more than methyl p-coumarate, however, maximal concentrations of syringyl lignin were only one-third that of guaiacyl lignin. Including sinapyl p-coumarate, the presumed precursor of p-coumaroylated lignins, with monolignols unexpectedly accelerated peroxidase inactivation, interfered with ferulate copolymerization into lignin, and had minimal or adverse effects on cell wall lignification. Free phenolic groups of p-coumarate esters in isolated maize lignin and pith cell walls did not undergo oxidative coupling with each other or with added monolignols. Thus, the extensive formation of syringyl-rich lignins and the functional role of extensive lignin acylation by p-coumarate in grasses remains a mystery. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jgrabber@wisc.edu NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 226 IS 3 BP 741 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0521-3 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 189SK UT WOS:000248008600017 PM 17457604 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Pawar, RS Ferreira, D Marais, JPJ Khan, SI Joshi, V Wedge, DE Khan, IA AF Tabanca, Nurhayat Pawar, Rahul S. Ferreira, Daneel Marais, Jannie P. J. Khan, Shabana I. Joshi, Vaishali Wedge, David E. Khan, Ikhlas A. TI Flavan-3-ol-phenylpropanoid conjugates from Anemopaegma arvense and their antioxidant activities SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article ID CINCHONA-SUCCIRUBRA; TANNINS AB One of the species of commercially available catuaba was identified as Anemopaegma arvense by comparison of its micromorphological characteristics and TLC profile with six species of authenticated plants that are commonly referred to as catuaba. The bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of this catuaba sample resulted in the isolation of one new (1, catuabin A) and three known flavan-3-ol type phenylpropanoids, cinchonain la (2), cinchonain Ila (3), and kandelin A] (4) with antioxidant activities. The structures of these compounds were determined by a combination of spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, these compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, antimalarial, and antimicrobial activities, where no activity was observed. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Khan, IA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ikhan@olemiss.edu RI Pawar, Rahul/B-4712-2008 FU FDA HHS [FD-U-002071-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27094] NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1107 EP 1111 DI 10.1055/s-2007-981563 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 212YY UT WOS:000249634200012 PM 17642036 ER PT J AU Chang, S Sachinvala, ND Sawhney, P Parikh, DV Jarrett, W Grimm, C AF Chang, SeChin Sachinvala, Navzer (Nozar) D. Sawhney, Paul Parikh, D. V. Jarrett, William Grimm, Casey TI Epoxy phosphonate crosslinkers for providing flame resistance to cotton textiles SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Products from Biologically Derived Monomers, Polymers and Composites CY 2005 CL Honolulu, HI DE cotton; print cloth; flame resistance; epoxy phosphonate crosslinkers ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION; RETARDANT; CELLULOSE; INTUMESCENCE; FIBERS; RESINS AB Two new monomers (2-methyl-oxiranylmethyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (3) and [2-(dimethoxy-phosphorylmethyl)-oxyranylmethyl]-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (6) were prepared and used with dicyandiamide (7) and citric acid (8) to impart flame resistance to cotton plain weave, twill, and 80:20-cotton/polyester fleece fabrics. Monomers 3 and 6 were prepared from methallyl chloride (1) and 3-chloro-2-chloromethylpropene (4) respectively via a two-step phosphorylation epoxidation sequence in 79.3 and 67.5% overall yields. H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GCMS) data were used to confirm their structures. Decomposition of monomers 3 and 6 in nitrogen by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) occurred at 110 and 220 degrees C, respectively. The mixtures of 3:7:8 and 6:7:8 (in 2:1:1 ratio) exhibited peak-curing temperatures by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) at 125 and 150 degrees C and the temperatures were deemed suitable for curing treated fabrics without marring them. Flame-retardant treatments were applied by the pad-dry-cure methods. All untreated fabrics showed limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of about 18% oxygen in nitrogen. For formulations with monomer 3, LOI values for the three types of treated fabrics were greater than 25.5% when add-on values for the formulation were 17.4, 12.7, and 21.1%. For formulations comprising monomer 6, LOI values were greater than 28.6% when add-on values for the formulation were 18.3, 13.1, and 16.7%. With the formulation comprising monomer 3, the three fabrics passed the vertical flame test when add-on values were 21.6, 12.7, and 23.5%, respectively; and with the formulation comprising monomer 6, they passed the vertical flame test when add-on values were 13.8, 8.4, and 18.0%. In all cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flame test were less than 50% of original length and after-flame time was 0 sec and after-glow time was less than 2 sec. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Sachinvala, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Nozar@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 8 BP 611 EP 619 DI 10.1002/pat.867 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 200YB UT WOS:000248797600004 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, N Parikh, DV Sawhney, P Chang, S Mirzawa, J Jarrett, W Joiner, B AF Sachinvala, Navzer Parikh, D. V. Sawhney, Paul Chang, SeChin Mirzawa, Jerzey Jarrett, William Joiner, Beth TI Silver(I) antimicrobial cotton nonwovens and printcloth SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Products from Biologically Derived Monomers, Polymers and Composites CY 2005 CL Honolulu, HI ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN THERAPY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CALCIUM-ALGINATE; BURN WOUNDS; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; RESPIRATORY-CHAIN; IONS; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE; RESISTANCE AB In this paper we discuss the preparation and comparative evaluation of silver (I) [Ag(I)] nonwoven and woven antimicrobial barrier fabrics generated from commercial calcium-sodium alginates and laboratory prepared sodium carboxymethyl (CM) cotton nonwovens and CM-cotton printcloth for potential use as wound dressings. Degrees of CM substitution (DS) in cotton nonwoven and printcloth samples by titrimetry were 0.38 and 0.10, respectively. Coordination of Ag(I) with carboxylates on fabrics was effected by ion exchange and nitrates were removed by washing to mitigate nitrate ion toxicity issues. Durability of silver coordinated fabrics was tested by soaking them in deionized water with slight agitation at 50 degrees C. Ag(I) alginates and nonwoven Ag(I)-CM-cottons lost structural integrity in water. Ag-CM-cotton printcloth samples retained structural integrity even after four soak-and-dry cycles, were smooth to the touch when dry, and were smoother when moistened. They could be easily peeled from wound surfaces without inducing trauma. Solid-state carbon-13 (C-13) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry was used to observe changes in carbonyl resonances in Ag(I) alginates and Ag(I)-CM-printcloth, and the chemical shift positions of carbonyl resonances of uncoordinated and Ag(I) coordinated fabrics did not change. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used following fabric digestion to determine the total Ag(I) ion content in fabrics. Ag(I) alginates were found to hold about 10-50 mg Ag(I) per gram fabric; and Ag(I) cotton woven and nonwoven fabrics held about 5-10 mg Ag(I) ions per gram fabric. Kinetic release of Ag(I) after soaking once in physiological saline was studied with ICP-MS to estimate the availability of Ag(I) upon a single exchange with Na(I) ions on wound surfaces. Alginates released between similar to 13 and 28% of coordinated Ag(I), and CM-cotton nonwovens and CM-cotton printcloth released similar to 14 and 3% of coordinated Ag(I) ions, respectively. Finally, Ag(I) alginates and Ag-CM-cotton printcloth samples were evaluated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ag(I) alginates suppressed 99.95% of bacterial growth in vitro. Even after four soak-and-dry cycles in deionized water Ag(I)-CM-cotton printcloth suppressed 99.99% of bacterial growth in vitro. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NAMSA, Kennesaw, GA 30152 USA. RP Sachinvala, N (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM nozar@srrc.ars.usda.gov; parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 87 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 8 BP 620 EP 628 DI 10.1002/pat.868 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 200YB UT WOS:000248797600005 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Nobes, GAR Glenn, GM Gray, GM Imam, S Chiou, BS AF Orts, William J. Nobes, Geoffrey A. R. Glenn, Gregory M. Gray, Gregory M. Imam, Syed Chiou, Bor-Sen TI Blends of starch with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers: effect of water/glycerol, and amino acids as plasticizers SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Products from Biologically Derived Monomers, Polymers and Composites CY 2005 CL Honolulu, HI DE starch; blends; polyvinyl alcohol; poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol); plasticizer; glycerol; biodegradable; copolymers; amino acids ID THERMOPLASTIC STARCH AB Blends of thermoplastic starch with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) copolymer (EVOH) were melt extruded with water/glycerol as plasticizer and a series of amino acid additives. The biggest factor in end-use mechanical properties proved to be the relative humidity (RH) during storage. Plasticized starch-EVOH blends stored at 0 and 50% RH changed significantly over time, with, for example, the tensile strength (TS) of the glycerol-plasticized blend increasing from 4.7 to 26.3 MPa over 8 weeks when maintained at 0% RH. In contrast, the TS of this same sample stored at 75% RH remained unchanged for 8 weeks. Amino acids provided relatively minor, but significant changes in mechanical properties with time. Based on TS, elongation-to-break, and modulus, it may be concluded that P-alanine, sarcosine, and L-proline were more effective than glycerol at maintaining strong flexible blends. Increases in crystallinity and changes in morphology with time, as described by modulated DSC were correlated to these changes in mechanical properties. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Staley Mfg Co, Tate & Lyle N America, Decatur, IL 62525 USA. RP Orts, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM orts@pw.usda.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 8 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1002/pat.869 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 200YB UT WOS:000248797600006 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Shey, J Chiou, BS Holtman, KM Wood, DF Ludvik, C Hoffman, GD Orts, WJ Imam, S AF Glenn, Gregory M. Klamczynski, Artut P. Shey, Justin Chiou, Bor-Sen Holtman, Kevin M. Wood, Delilah F. Ludvik, Charles Hoffman, Gloria DeGrandi Orts, William J. Imam, Syed TI Controlled release of 2-heptanone using starch gel and polycaprolactone matrices and polymeric films SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Products from Biologically Derived Monomers, Polymers and Composites CY 2005 CL Honolulu, HI DE biological application of polymers; biodegradable; biomaterials; foams; films ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; VARROA-JACOBSONI; WHEAT-STARCH; GELATINIZATION; MICROSCOPY; PHEROMONES; DESTRUCTOR; HONEYBEES; RESIDUES; SORPTION AB Varroa jacobsoni is a parasitic mite that is threatening the honeybee industry in many parts of the world. 2-Heptanone, a natural product made by honeybees at low concentrations, is effective at elevated concentrations in controlling mite populations in honeybee colonies, especially when released over a 42 day period. An extrusion process was used to encapsulate 14, 18, and 25% 2-heptanone in a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix. Less than 18% of the 2-heptanone was encapsulated in the PCL matrix. The high vapor permeability of PCL to 2-heptanone resulted in a high flux rate and limited the usefulness of PCL as an encapsulation matrix for controlled-release devices. A starch gel containing three times its weight in 2-heptanone was prepared from starch-based microcellular foam (MCF). The gel had compressive, tensile, and flexural strength values in the range of 0.56 to 1.9 MPa. 2-Heptanone quickly evaporated from non-laminated gels. However, when the gel was laminated with different polymeric films, a wide range of flux rates was obtained. The T-50 for gels laminated or coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL, 99% hydrolyzed) and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) was 72 and 1030 days, respectively. The most promising film was a starch/glycerol film that released 50% of the 2-heptanone (T-50) in approximately 13 days. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, ARS, Carl Hatden Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmg@pw.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 8 BP 636 EP 642 DI 10.1002/pat.871 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 200YB UT WOS:000248797600007 ER PT J AU Wang, S Monzon, A Johnson, JA Mitcham, EJ Tang, J AF Wang, S. Monzon, A. Johnson, J. A. Mitcham, E. J. Tang, J. TI Industrial-scale radio frequency treatments for insect control in walnuts I: Heating uniformity and energy efficiency SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat treatment; insect control; phytosanitary; quarantine; walnut ID SHELL WALNUTS; MICROWAVE TREATMENTS; METHYL-BROMIDE; ALTERNATIVES; POSTHARVEST; KINETICS; QUALITY; PRODUCT; ALMONDS; FRUITS AB Conducting industrial-scale confirmatory treatments is the final step in developing commercially and environmentally sound insect control technologies for in-shell walnuts using radio frequency (RF) energy as an alternative to chemical fumigation. Improving heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts in the industrial process is essential to ensure insect control without quality degradation. An industrial-scale 27 MHz, 25 kW RF system was used to determine the heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts. Non-uniform vertical temperature distributions were measured in the RF unit, indicating that mixing and circulated hot air were needed to obtain the required treatment uniformity. Using a uniformity index derived experimentally for the RF unit, we showed that a single mixing of the walnuts was required to optimize heating uniformity. The predicted standard deviation of walnut surface temperatures was verified experimentally. The average energy efficiency of two RF units in series was estimated to be 79.5% when heating walnuts at 1561.7 kg/h. This study provided the basis for subsequent evaluations of treatment efficacy and product quality needed in developing an industrial-scale RF process to control insect pests in walnuts. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtang@wsu.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 23 TC 76 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.12.023 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 187MC UT WOS:000247850800011 ER PT J AU Wang, S Monzon, M Johnson, JA Mitcham, EJ Tang, J AF Wang, S. Monzon, M. Johnson, J. A. Mitcham, E. J. Tang, J. TI Industrial-scale radio frequency treatments for insect control in walnuts II: Insect mortality and product quality SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE navel orangeworm; moisture; quarantine; radio frequency; storage ID THERMAL-DEATH KINETICS; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-TREATMENTS; FLY DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; TORTRICIDAE; PYRALIDAE AB This paper reports on the second part of a scaling-up study investigating the technical feasibility of using radio frequency (RF) energy in commercial postharvest insect control in in-shell walnuts as an alternative to chemical fumigation. A large-scale treatment for conveyorized walnuts was designed based on a 25 kW, 27 MHz RF system to achieve an average walnut surface temperature of 60 degrees C, and minimum temperature of 52 degrees C, for 5 min. The treatment caused 100% mortality of fifth-instar navel orangeworm larvae, the most heat tolerant target pest, in both unwashed and air-dried walnuts, and was effective over a relatively wide range of walnut moisture contents (3-7.5%). Walnut quality was not affected by the RF treatments; kernel color, peroxide values and fatty acid values of treated walnuts were similar to untreated controls after 20 days at 35 degrees C simulating 2 years of storage under commercial conditions at 4 degrees C. The RF treatment slightly reduced the moisture content of the walnuts, especially the shells. The RF treatment developed in this study should also control codling moth, Indianmeal moth and red flour beetle in in-shell walnuts. This treatment will provide an effective and environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatment technology for the walnut industry. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtang@wsu.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 26 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.12.020 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 187MC UT WOS:000247850800012 ER PT J AU Rojas-Grau, MA Raybaudi-Massilia, RM Soliva-Fortuny, RC Avena-Bustillos, RJ McHugh, TH Martin-Belloso, O AF Rojas-Graue, Maria A. Raybaudi-Massilia, Rosa M. Soliva-Fortuny, Robert C. Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. McHugh, Tara H. Martin-Belloso, Olga TI Apple puree-alginate edible coating as carrier of antimicrobial agents to prolong shelf-life of fresh-cut apples SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE edible coating; alginate; antimicrobials; essential oils; Listeria innocua; shelf-life; fresh-cut apples ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; STORAGE LIFE; FILMS; QUALITY; PERMEABILITY; VANILLIN; SURVIVAL AB Edible coatings with antimicrobial agents can extend the shelf-life of fresh-cut fruit. The effect of lemongrass, oregano oil and vanillin incorporated in apple puree-alginate edible coatings, on the shelf-life of fresh-cut 'Fuji' apples, was investigated. Coated apples were packed in air filled polypropylene trays and wrapped with polypropylene film. Changes in headspace atmosphere, color, firmness, sensory quality and microbial growth were measured during 21 days storage at 4 degrees C. A significant reduction in the rates of O-2 depletion and CO2 production was observed in samples containing high concentrations of essential oils. Ethylene production in the coated apples remained below 50 mu L L-1, while production of this gas increased continuously in uncoated apples and those coated without essential oils during storage. Apples coated with apple puree-alginate exhibited ethanol and acetaldehyde formation in the first week. Coatings with calcium chloride and N-acetylcysteine helped to maintain firmness and color, while lemongrass containing coatings induced severe texture softening. Vanillin containing coatings (0.3% w/w) were the most effective in terms of sensory quality after 2 weeks storage. All antimicrobial coatings significantly inhibited the growth of psychrophilic aerobes, yeasts and molds. The antimicrobial effect of essential oils against L. innocua inoculated into apple pieces before coating was also examined. Lemongrass (1.0 and 1.5% w/w) and oregano oil containing coatings (0.5% w/w) exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against L. innocua (4 log reduction). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lleida, UTPV CeRTA, Dept Food Technol, Lleida 25198, Spain. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Martin-Belloso, O (reprint author), Univ Lleida, UTPV CeRTA, Dept Food Technol, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain. EM omartin@tecal.udl.es RI Martin-Belloso, Olga/B-8281-2011; Soliva-Fortuny, Robert/C-9673-2011 OI Martin-Belloso, Olga/0000-0002-7027-6972; Soliva-Fortuny, Robert/0000-0003-4573-4801 NR 39 TC 126 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.01.017 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 187MC UT WOS:000247850800013 ER PT J AU Roberts, SA Xin, H Kerr, BJ Russell, JR Bregendahl, K AF Roberts, S. A. Xin, H. Kerr, B. J. Russell, J. R. Bregendahl, K. TI Effects of dietary fiber and reduced crude protein on ammonia emission from laying-hen manure SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia emission; corn dried distillers grains with solubles; reduced-protein diet; soybean hull; wheat middlings ID ACID-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; NITROGEN-EXCRETION; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; DIGESTIVE-TRACT; FATTY-ACIDS; ENERGY; SLURRY AB Ammonia (NH3) emission is a major concern for the poultry industry. The objective of this research was to determine whether inclusion of dietary fiber and a reduced dietary CP content would decrease NH3 emission from laying-hen manure. A total of 256 Hy-Line W-36 hens were fed diets with 2 levels of CP (normal and reduced) and 4 fiber treatments in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. The fiber treatments included a corn and soybean meal-based control diet and diets formulated with either 10.0% corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), 7.3% wheat middlings (WM), or 4.8% soybean hulls (SH) to contribute equal amounts of additional neutral detergent fiber. The CP contents of the reduced-CP diets were approximately 1 percentage unit lower than those of the normal-CP diets. All diets were formulated on the basis of digestible amino acid content and were formulated to be isoenergetic. Fresh manure was collected such that pH, uric acid, and Kjeldahl N contents could be measured. The NH3 emission from manure was measured over 7 d by placing pooled 24-h manure samples in NH3 emission vessels. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple-comparisons procedure to compare results from the fiber treatments with the control, whereas the main effect of protein was used to compare the normal- and reduced-CP treatments. Dietary corn DDGS, WM, or SH lowered (P <= 0.01) the 7-d cumulative manure NH3 emission from 3.9 g/kg of DM manure for the control to 1.9, 2.1, and 2.3 g/kg of DM manure, respectively, and lowered (P < 0.05) the daily NH3 emission rate. Results of this study showed that dietary inclusion of 10.0% corn DDGS, 7.3% WM, or 4.8% SH lowered NH3 emission from laying-hen manure; however, reducing the CP content by 1 percentage unit had no measurable effect on NH3 emission. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bregendahl, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kristjan@iastate.edu NR 39 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1625 EP 1632 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 192TP UT WOS:000248226200006 PM 17626805 ER PT J AU Dunkley, KD McReynolds, JL Hume, ME Dunkley, CS Callaway, TR Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, K. D. McReynolds, J. L. Hume, M. E. Dunkley, C. S. Callaway, T. R. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Molting in Salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. I. Salmonella enteritidis colonization and virulence gene hilA response SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; hilA; alfalfa; molting; virulence ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; FED-BATCH CULTURE; LEGHORN HENS; BROILER-CHICKENS; FORCED MOLT; INFECTION; TYPHIMURIUM; EXPRESSION AB The objectives of this study were to enumerate Salmonella entcrica serovar Enteritidis colonization in fecal, cecal, and internal organs, and to compare the level of virulence gene expression (hilA) of experimentally challenged laying hens fed different dietary molt-induction regimens. Twelve Salmonella-free Single Comb Leg-horn hens (> 50 wk old) hens were randomly assigned to each of 6 treatment groups designated based on diet in 2 trials: 1) feed withdrawal Salmonella Enteritidis-positive (FW+), 2) fully fed Salmonella Enteritidis-positive (FF+), 3) 100% alfalfa crumble Salmonella Enteritidis-positive (ALC+), 4) feed withdrawal Salmonella Enteritidis-negative, 5) fully fed Salmonella Enteritidis-negative, and 6) 100% alfalfa crumble Salmonella Enteritidis-negative. A forced molt was induced by a 12-d alfalfa diet and a feed-withdrawal regimen. On d 4 of the molt, all hens in groups 1, 2, and 3 were challenged by crop gavage with 1 mL of inocula containing approximately 10(6) cfu of nalidixic acid- and novobiocin-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis (phage type 13A). At the conclusion of both trials, all hens were euthanized and Salmonella Enteritidis colonization was enumerated in the cecal contents, liver, spleen, and ovaries. In addition, fecal (d 4 and 8) and cecal samples (necropsy at d 12) were collected postchallenge from treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 (Salmonella Enteritidis-positive) to quantify hilA expression by PCR. In both trials, all nonchallenged birds were Salmonella Enteritidis-negative; therefore, no further analysis was done. In trial 1, a 2-fold reduction in Salmonella Enteritidis colonization was observed in the ALC+ hens (log(10) Salmonella Enteritidis of 1.99) compared with the FW+ hens (log(10) Salmonella Enteritidis of 3.89). In trial 2, a 4-fold reduction in Salmonella Enteritidis colonization was observed in the ALC+ hens (log(10) Salmonella Enteritidis of 1.27) compared with the FW+ hens (log(10) Salmonella Enteritidis of 5.12). In trial 2, Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in spleens was higher (P <= 0.05) in FW+ hens compared with ALC+ and FF+ hens. Retative expression of hilA was higher (P <= 0.05) in FW+ compared with FF+ hens, whereas the FF+ and ALC+ groups were not different (P > 0.05). In trial 2, hilA expression in FW+ hens was higher (P <= 0.05) for d 6, 11, and 12, respectively, when compared with ALC+ and FF+ hens. The results of these studies support the concept that changes in the gastrointestinal tract microenvironment, such as those created during feed deprivation, encourage Salmonella Enteritidis virulence and susceptibility in molted hens. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP McReynolds, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mcreynolds@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1633 EP 1639 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 192TP UT WOS:000248226200007 PM 17626806 ER PT J AU McReynolds, JL Byrd, JA Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Duke, SE Farnell, MB Nisbet, DJ AF McReynolds, J. L. Byrd, J. A. Genovese, K. J. Poole, T. L. Duke, S. E. Farnell, M. B. Nisbet, D. J. TI Dietary lactose and its effect on the disease condition of necrotic enteritis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium perfringens; chicken; lactose; necrotic enteritis ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; BROILER-CHICKENS; BACITRACIN; POULTRY; PH AB Clostridium perfringens is the etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis (NE) and is ubiquitous in nature. The incidence of NE has increased in countries and commercial companies that have stopped using antibiotic growth promoters. The mechanisms of colonization of C. perfringens and the factors involved in onset of NE are not fully understood. Previously, our laboratory has demonstrated that lactose could potentially reduce Salmonella and C. perfringens in ceca of poultry. In the present investigation, we hypothesized that dietary lactose would reduce the clinical signs of NE and could be used as an alternative to antibiotics. In experiment 1, day-of-hatch broilers were fed either a nonlactose control diet, a diet with 2.5% lactose, or a diet with 4.5% lactose throughout the experiment. Birds were administered C. perfringens (10(7) cfu/mL) daily via oral gavage for 3 consecutive days starting on d 17. When evaluating the intestinal lesions associated with NE, birds fed 2.5% lactose had significantly lower (P < 0.05) lesion scores (0.70 +/- 0.52) compared with the control (1.55 +/- 0.52) or the 4.5% lactose (1.60 +/- 0.52). The data from the microbial analysis showed that the addition of lactose did not affect any bacterial populations when compared with the control birds that did not receive dietary lactose over the 21-d evaluation. The overall lesion scores in experiment 2 were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in birds fed 2.5% lactose compared with the birds fed the control diet with mean lesion scores of 1.10 +/- 0.73 and 1.80 +/- 0.73, respectively. These experiments suggest that lactose could be used as a potential alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics to help control this costly disease. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McReynolds, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mcreynolds@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1656 EP 1661 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 192TP UT WOS:000248226200011 PM 17626810 ER PT J AU Roberts, SA Xin, H Kerr, BJ Russell, JR Bregendahl, K AF Roberts, S. A. Xin, H. Kerr, B. J. Russell, J. R. Bregendahl, K. TI Effects of dietary fiber and reduced crude protein on nitrogen balance and egg production in laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn-dried distillers grains with solubles; egg production; reduced crude protein diet; soybean hull; wheat middlings ID SOYBEAN MEAL DIET; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; COMMERCIAL LAYER; AMINO-ACID; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION; TRYPTOPHAN REQUIREMENT; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; DIGESTIVE-TRACT; WHEAT MIDDLINGS AB Ammonia emission is a major concern for the poultry industry and can be lowered by dietary inclusion of fibrous ingredients and by lowering the dietary CP content. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of dietary fiber and reduced-CP diets, which may lower NH3 emission, on egg production and N balance in laying hens. A total of 256 Hy-Line W-36 hens were fed diets with 2 contents of CP (normal and reduced) and 4 fiber treatments in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement from 23 to 58 wk of age. The fiber treatments included a corn and soybean meal-based control diet and diets formulated with either 10.0% corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), 7.3% wheat middlings (WM), or 4.8% soybean hulls (SH) added to contribute equal amounts of neutral detergent fiber. The CP contents of the reduced-CP diets were approximately I percentage unit lower than that of the normal-CP diets. All diets were formulated on a digestible amino acid basis to be isoenergetic. There were no effects (P > 0.05) of including corn DDGS, WM, or SH in the diet on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, yolk color, feed consumption, feed utilization, or BW gain. Although the corn DDGS and WM diets resulted in an increase (P < 0.001) in N consumption, N excretion was not affected (P > 0.10) compared with hens fed the control diet. The reduced-CP diets did not affect egg weight, feed consumption, or BW gain (P > 0.05); however, egg production, egg mass, feed utilization, N consumption, and N excretion were lower than that from the hens fed the normal-CP diets (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that the diets containing 10% corn DDGS, 7% WM, or 5% SH did not affect egg production or N excretion. However, the 1% lower CP diets caused a lower egg production and lower N excretion. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bregendahl, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kristjan@iastate.edu NR 49 TC 33 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1716 EP 1725 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 192TP UT WOS:000248226200019 PM 17626818 ER PT J AU de Beer, M Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Poch, SM Richards, MP Coon, CN AF de Beer, M. Rosebrough, R. W. Russell, B. A. Poch, S. M. Richards, M. P. Coon, C. N. TI An examination of the role of feeding regimens in regulating metabolism during the broiler breeder grower period. 1. Hepatic lipid metabolism SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeder; feeding regimen; lipogenic gene expression ID LATE-FEATHERING CHICKENS; LIPOGENIC GENE-EXPRESSION; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; SKIP-A-DAY; DIETARY-PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; RESTRICTION AB A trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding regimens on hepatic lipid metabolism in 16-wk-old broiler breeder pullets. A flock of 350 Cobb 500 breeder pullets was divided into 2 at 4 wk of age and fed either every day (ED) or skip-a-day (SKIP) from 4 to 16 wk of age. Total feed intake did not differ between the 2 groups. At 112 d, 52 randomly selected ED-fed pullets, and 76 SKIP-fed pullets were individually caged and fed a 74-g (ED) or 148-g (SKIP) meal. Four pullets from each group were killed at intervals after feeding and livers were collected, weighed, and snap-frozen for determination of lipogenic gene expression. Total RNA was isolated from livers using Trizol reagent and then quantitatively measured by noting the optical density 260:280 ratio and qualitatively measured by gel electrophoresis. The expression of certain regulatory genes in metabolism [acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; fatty acid synthase; malic enzyme (MAE); isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH); and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT)] were determined by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Remaining liver portions were analyzed for enzyme activity of MAE, ICDH, and AAT as well as glycogen and lipid contents. Liver weight was higher in SKIP than in ED birds. Feeding caused dramatic increases in liver weight, glycogen, and lipids of SKIP birds. Expression of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, FAS, and MAE genes were increased in SKIP birds 12 and 24 h after feeding, with the increases in MAE expression from 0 to 24 h after feeding being of the greatest magnitude. In contrast, SKIP decreased ICDH and AAT gene expression, which parallels findings noted in fasting-refeeding experiments conducted with much younger birds. Skip-a-day feeding resulted in far greater changes in gene expression compared with ED, which was indicative of the inconsistent supply of nutrients in such regimens. Enzyme activity of MAE, ICDH, and AAT was reflective of noted changes in gene expression. In summary, the feeding regimen greatly affected hepatic gene expression in breeder pullets. C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Coon, CN (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ccoon@uark.edu NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1726 EP 1738 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 192TP UT WOS:000248226200020 PM 17626819 ER PT J AU Rozenboim, I Tako, E Gal-Garber, O Proudman, JA Uni, Z AF Rozenboim, I. Tako, E. Gal-Garber, O. Proudman, J. A. Uni, Z. TI The effect of heat stress on ovarian function of laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heat stress; reproduction; egg production; steroid; gonadotropin ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; TEMPERATURE STRESS; TURKEY HENS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PROLACTIN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; CATECHOLAMINES; SECRETION; PIGEON AB Reproductive failure associated with heat stress is a well-known phenomenon. The mechanism involved in this failure is not clearly understood. In order to test a possible direct effect of heat stress on ovarian function, 36 White Leghorn laying hens were housed in individual cages in 2 temperature- and light-controlled rooms (n = 18). At 31 wk of age, one group was exposed daily for 12 h to high temperature (42 3 degrees C), and the second group was maintained under thermoneutral conditions (24 to 26 degrees C) and served as control. Body temperature, feed intake, egg production, and egg weight were recorded daily; heparinized blood samples were drawn every 3 d for plasma hormonal level of luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and testosterone. Six days after exposure half of the birds in each group were killed, and the ovary and oviduct were weighed and preovulatory follicles removed and extracted for mRNA of Cytochrome P 450 aromatase, 17-alpha hydroxylase. The same procedure was repeated 9 d later with the rest of the birds. Short and long heat exposure caused significant hyperthermia and reduction of egg production, egg weight, ovarian weight, and the number of large follicles. In addition, a significant reduction in plasma progesterone and testosterone was detected 2 d after exposing the birds to heat stress, and plasma 17 beta-estradiol was significantly reduced 14 d after initiation of heat stress. Short exposure to heat stress caused significant reduction in mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 17-alpha hydroxylase, exposing the birds to long-term heat stress caused significant reduction in expression of mRNA of both steroidogenic enzymes. No significant change was found in plasma luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulating hormone levels during the entire experimental period. We suggest a possible direct effect of heat stress on ovarian function. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rozenboim, I (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. EM rozenboi@agri.huji.ac.il NR 29 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1760 EP 1765 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 192TP UT WOS:000248226200023 PM 17626822 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Branton, SL Burnham, MR Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD AF Peebles, E. D. Branton, S. L. Burnham, M. R. Whitmarsh, S. K. Gerard, P. D. TI Effects of supplemental dietary phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial layers inoculated before or at the onset of lay with the F-strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; phytase; 25-hydroxycholecalciferol ID PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION; BINDING-PROTEIN; VITAMIN-D; INFECTION; HENS; PERFORMANCE; CHICKENS; FLOCKS; AGE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL AB In 3 trials, the effects of dietary supplementation with phytase (PHY) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-D3) on the digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial layers that were inoculated prelay (12 wk of age) or at the onset of lay (22 wk of age) with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) were assessed at 58 wk of age. Experimental layer diets that included a basal control diet or a control diet supplemented with 0.025% PHY and 25-D3 were fed from 20 through 58 wk of age. As a percentage of total oviduct weight, magnum weight was lower in birds that were inoculated (sham or FMG) at lay onset compared with those that were inoculated prelay, and in FMG-inoculated birds, relative duodenum length was greater in those inoculated at 12 compared with 22 wk. Also, as percentages of organ weight or length, infundibulum length and isthmus weight were increased, whereas duodenum length was decreased by dietary supplementation with PHY and 25-D3. The overall timing (12 vs. 22 wk) of inoculation can affect the reproductive organ characteristics of layers, whereas, more specifically, the timing of an FMG inoculation may affect their digestive organ structure. Furthermore, independent of inoculation timing and type, the reproductive organ and digestive systems of laying hens may be influenced by dietary supplementation with PHY and 25-D3. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1805 EP 1809 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 192TP UT WOS:000248226200029 PM 17626828 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Naumann, TA Horswill, AR Hong, SJ Venters, BJ Tomsho, JW Benkovic, SJ Keiler, KC AF Cheng, Lin Naumann, Todd A. Horswill, Alexander R. Hong, Sue-Jean Venters, Bryan J. Tomsho, John W. Benkovic, Stephen J. Keiler, Kenneth C. TI Discovery of antibacterial cyclic peptides that inhibit the ClpXP protease SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cyclic peptide; ClpXP protease; antibacterial; protease inhibitor; SICLOPPS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING DOMAIN; MESSENGER-RNA; RECOGNITION; DEGRADATION; PROTEINS; TMRNA; HYDROLYSIS; CAPACITY; SSPB AB A method to rapidly screen libraries of cyclic peptides in vivo for molecules with biological activity has been developed and used to isolate cyclic peptide inhibitors of the ClpXP protease. Fluorescence activated cell sorting was used in conjunction with a fluorescent reporter to isolate cyclic peptides that inhibit the proteolysis of tmRNA-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli. Inhibitors shared little sequence similarity and interfered with unexpected steps in the ClpXP mechanism in vitro. One cyclic peptide, IXP1, inhibited the degradation of unrelated ClpXP substrates and has bactericidal activity when added to growing cultures of Caulobacter crescentus, a model organism that requires ClpXP activity for viability. The screen used here could be adapted to identify cyclic peptide inhibitors of any enzyme that can be expressed in E. coli in conjunction with a fluorescent reporter. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Keiler, KC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 401 Althouse Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kkeiler@psu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM068720, R01 GM068720-04, GM68720] NR 25 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0961-8368 EI 1469-896X J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1535 EP 1542 DI 10.1110/ps.072933007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 194RD UT WOS:000248360600003 PM 17600141 ER PT J AU Holmes, M Hill, RE AF Holmes, M. Hill, R. E. TI International harmonisation of regulatory requirements SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE harmonisation; mycoplasma contamination; pharmacovigilance; regulatory requirements; residual formaldehyde; residual moisture; reversion to virulence; specification; stability testing; vaccine; VICH AB The International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) was formed in April 1996 and is a programme of collaboration between regulatory authorities and the animal health industries of three world regions: the European Union, Japan and the United States of America. Two other regions, Canada and Australia/New Zealand, have observer status. The principal goal of VICH is to harmonise technical data requirements of participating regulatory authorities before granting marketing authorisation or registration. VICH has finalised six guidelines on the technical requirements for marketing authorisation/registration of biological products. These guidelines have been fully implemented in the regions. Three more technical guidelines are under development by two expert working groups. VICH has also finalised a guideline which specifically deals with pharmacovigilance and veterinary medicinal products, including biological products. A further four guidelines relating to pharmacovigilance are under development by an expert working group. C1 Australian Pesticides & Vet Med Author, Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia. USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Anim & Plant hlth Inspect Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Holmes, M (reprint author), Australian Pesticides & Vet Med Author, POB E240, Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 204DE UT WOS:000249023000009 PM 17892161 ER PT J AU Elsken, LA Carr, MY Frana, TS Brake, DA Garland, T Smith, K Foley, PL AF Elsken, L. A. Carr, M. Y. Frana, T. S. Brake, D. A. Garland, T. Smith, K. Foley, P. L. TI Regulations for vaccines against emerging infections and agrobioterrorism in the United States of America SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Bioterrorism; disease; emergency; emerging; licensing; regulatory; vaccine; veterinary AB The Virus-Serum-Toxin Act of 1913, as amended in 1985, provides the legal basis for the regulation of veterinary vaccines and related biological products in the United States of America (USA). The regulatory authority for the issuance of licences and permits that allow the shipment or importation of pure, safe, potent, and effective veterinary biological products lies with the Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Under the standard licensing or permitting process, a manufacturer must develop and completely characterise and evaluate a product prior to licensure, and the CVB must review and evaluate the submitted information, audit and inspect the manufacturing facilities and methods of production and testing, and confirm key product test results through independent testing of product. This complete and comprehensive evaluation may not be possible in emergency situations, so processes and mechanisms are in place that allow for the more rapid availability of veterinary vaccines. Next generation vaccine development against foreign animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease is actively in progress in the USA and the authorities must ensure that there is an adequate supply of these vaccines in the National Veterinary Stockpile. C1 USDA, Anim & Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. US Dept Homeland Secur & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Elsken, LA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, 510S,17th St, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 429 EP 441 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 204DE UT WOS:000249023000011 PM 17892163 ER PT J AU Martin, IM Bender, H Raish, C AF Martin, Ingrid M. Bender, Holly Raish, Carol TI What motivates individuals to protect themselves from risks: The case of wildland fires SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE natural hazards; protection motivation theory (PMT); risk communication; risk perceptions; subjective knowledge; transtheoretical model (TTM) ID PERSONAL-EXPERIENCE; CONSUMER EXPERTISE; PHYSICS PROBLEMS; BEHAVIOR; APPEALS; KNOWLEDGE; ADOPTION; HAZARD; MODEL AB This research investigates the cognitive perceptual process that homeowners go through when faced with the decision to protect themselves from the risk of wildfires. This decision can be examined by looking at the interaction between the integrated protection motivation theory-transtheoretical model and different levels of homeowners' subjective knowledge related to wildfire risks. We investigated the role of motivation, decision stages of risk readiness, and subjective knowledge on the number of risk-mitigating actions undertaken by homeowners living in high-risk communities. The results indicate that homeowners who are in an early or precontemplative stage (both low and high subjective knowledge) as well as low knowledge contemplatives are motivated by their perceived degree of vulnerability to mitigate the risk. In contrast, high knowledge contemplatives' potential behavioral changes are more likely to be motivated by increasing their perceptions of the severity of the risk. Risk-mitigating behaviors undertaken by high knowledge action homeowners are influenced by their perceptions of risk severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy. In contrast, the low knowledge action homeowners engage in risk reduction behaviors without the influence of any of the PMT variables; demonstrating their motivation to emulate others in their community. These results have implications for the type of information that should be used to effectively communicate risks in an effort to influence the diverse homeowner segments to engage in risk-reduction behaviors. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Coll Business Adm, Dept Marketing, Long Beach, CA 92677 USA. US Forest Serv, Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Martin, IM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Coll Business Adm, Dept Marketing, Long Beach, CA 92677 USA. EM imartin@csulb.edu NR 37 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 887 EP 900 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00930.x PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 229WJ UT WOS:000250836600008 PM 17958499 ER PT J AU Andrews, P Finney, M Fischetti, M AF Andrews, Patricia Finney, Mark Fischetti, Mark TI Fires are burning more acres than ever? Where will the next blazes ignite? Can we prevent them? Should we? SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article AB Fuel as are building up in forests because for decades agencies that manage these lands have attempted to put out all most all fires. Accumulation of deadwood and debris across large continuous tracts leads to extreme fires that are too expansive and hot to fight. Computer models are being used to predict how a current fire will burn and are getting better at forecasting which land areas are most susceptible to wildfire . The models are helping land managers better position fire crews so that they can increase the chance of protecting people, property and natural resources. Other soft ware can gauge how fires can be mitigated by thining forests and allowing some fires to burn. These models can help land managers and agencies craft new policies that will lessen the chance fro catastrophic fires and restore fire an integral part of the natural ecosystems. C1 US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Andrews, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 297 IS 2 BP 46 EP + PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 189KE UT WOS:000247987000029 PM 17894172 ER PT J AU Tovar-Luna, I Goetsch, AL Puchala, R Sahlu, T Carstens, GE Freetly, HC Johnson, ZB AF Tovar-Luna, I. Goetsch, A. L. Puchala, R. Sahlu, T. Carstens, G. E. Freetly, H. C. Johnson, Z. B. TI Efficiency of energy use for pregnancy by meat goat does with different litter size SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; energy; pregnancy ID REQUIREMENTS; CONSUMPTION; GROWTH; SHEEP; EWES AB Twenty-four Boer x Spanish does (3 years of age, having kidded once previously and with an initial BW of 42.7 +/- 1.2 kg) were used to determine the efficiency of ME utilization for pregnancy (k(preg)). Six does were nonpregnant and, based on ultrasound determination on day 45 of gestation, six had a litter size (LS) of 1, 2, and 3. However, only 10 of the pregnant does delivered the expected number of kids (3, 4, and 3 with LS of 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Does were fed a diet of approximately 50% concentrate in accordance with assumed maintenance plus pregnancy energy requirements based on estimated nonpregnancy tissue BW and LS, Recovered energy (RE) was determined by subtraction of energy expenditure (EE; respiration calorimetry) near days 80, 100, 120, and 140 of gestation from ME intake (MEI). RE was assumed attributable to pregnancy tissues (fetus, fetal fluids and membranes, uterus, and mammary gland), and ME used for pregnancy (MEpreg) was estimated by subtracting ME, determined with nonpregnant goats from MEI by those pregnant. For does with actual LS equal to that expected, the no-intercept equation for the regression of RE against MEpreg was: RE = MEpreg x 0.252 (S.E. = 0.030; R-2 = 0.64), indicating a k(preg) of 25%. A regression including LS (I versus 2 or 3) suggested greater k(preg) for LS of 1 (40.2 +/- 5.6%) versus 2 or 3 (20.5 +/- 13.2%). Regressions for goats with LS different from expected suggested positive effects of use of energy mobilized from nonpregnancy tissues on k(preg) and of use of dietary ME for energy accretion in nonpregnancy tissues on the efficiency of whole body ME utilization. In conclusion, the average efficiency of ME use for pregnancy regardless of LS in goats was near 25%, which when considering the expected proportion of all pregnancy tissues attributable to fetal or conceptus tissues implies an energy requirement for pregnancy of goats similar to common recommendations for sheep and cattle. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.05.004 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 188VH UT WOS:000247946900011 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Parker, CF AF Burke, J. M. Parker, C. F. TI Effect of breed on response to foot rot treatment in mature sheep and lambs SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE foot rot; hair breeds; sheep ID BACTEROIDES-NODOSUS; OVINE FOOTROT; MERINO SHEEP; CHRONIC LAMENESS; ZINC-SULFATE; WOOL GROWTH; VACCINE; PATHOGENESIS; RESISTANCE; AETIOLOGY AB Our objective was to determine whether breed differences existed in response to exposure and treatment of virulent foot rot. Dorset (DS), 1/2 Dorper (DX), 3/4 or greater Dorper (DO), Gulf Coast Native (GC), Katahdin (KA), and St. Croix (SC) mature sheep and lambs were exposed to virulent foot rot in spring 2003. Treatment for foot rot was initiated in 132 lambs and 262 mature sheep in late July. There were eight pasture groups treated, two of which were minimally exposed to foot rot. Treatment included hoof paring, foot bathing with 10% zinc sulfate with surfactant, allowing the zinc sulfate to dry on the foot and moving to a small paddock that had not been exposed to small ruminants for more than 14 d. Foot bathing was repeated every 7 d for a maximum of five treatments. Animals that had not responded (odor or any indication of persistent infection) by then were culled from the flock. As an indication of severity of foot rot for each animal, the number of areas on the foot (interdigital and two digits for each foot), a foot score (0 = no infection found; I = infection of digits only; 2 = infection of interdigital area and could include digits), and presence of characteristic odor was recorded. Least squares means for number of areas infected were greater for mature than growing sheep (2.07 +/- 0.16 versus 0.88 +/- 0.31; P < 0.001), for highly than minimally exposed groups (2.89 +/- 0.17 versus 0.05 +/- 0.29; P < 0.001), and DX compared with other breed types (P < 0.03). Percentage of sheep with odor was similar between age groups, was greater in the highly exposed groups (11.4 +/- 1.9 versus 2.1 +/- 3.4; P < 0.02), and greater in DO compared with DS, KA, and SC breeds (P < 0.001). Foot score was similar among breeds and greater in the highly exposed groups (age by group, P < 0.05). Percentage of sheep culled for failure to respond to foot bath treatment was greater for the highly than minimally exposed group (22.9 +/- 2.3 versus 0.0 +/- 3.9; P < 0.001) and greater for mature sheep compared with lambs (P < 0.001) and similar among breeds. In November, four ewes in a large group and two lambs in a small group were determined to have foot rot and were immediately culled. The two groups containing these ewes were re-treated for 2 weeks and were determined to be free of foot rot (no further signs of lameness). Response to foot rot eradication appeared to be similar among breeds examined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.06.003 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 188VH UT WOS:000247946900023 ER PT J AU Snyder, LJU Luginbuhl, JM Mueller, JP Conrad, AP Turner, KE AF Unruh Snyder, L. J. Luginbuhl, J.-M. Mueller, J. P. Conrad, A. P. Turner, K. E. TI Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of Robinia pseudoacacia foliage fed to growing goat wethers SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boer goats; digestibility; intake; nitrogen metabolism; Robinia pseudoacacia; tannins ID PROTEIN-PRECIPITATING CAPACITY; CONDENSED TANNINS; DECIDUOUS WOODY; BLACK LOCUST; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; TREE LEAVES; SHEEP; DIGESTION; SYSTEM; PROANTHOCYANIDINS AB Black locust (BL; Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a native tree of southeastern USA known to contain substantial levels of condensed tannins (CT), was fed to 32, 4 month old (20.4 kg BW) Boer cross wether goats in two randomized complete block design trials. The objectives were to examine the effects of feeding hay diets containing several levels of fresh BL foliage on intake, digestibility, and N metabolism. First year (1999) diets were HE (100% Eastern gamagrass [EGH; Tripsacum dactyloides L.] hay), H(E)G (70% EGH and a 30% mixture of 59% ground corn [GC; Zea mays L.], 36% soybean meal [SBM; Glycine max L.], and 5% minerals), 25BL99 (75% EGH and 25% BL leaves), and 50BL99 (50% EGH and 50% BL leaves). Second year (2000) diets were H-O (100% orchardgrass [OGH; Dactylis glomerata L.] hay), HOG (70% OGH and a 30% mixture of 63% GC, 37% SBM, and 5% minerals), 50BL00 (50% OGH and 50% BL leaves), and 75BL00 (25% OGH and 75% BL leaves). In 1999, apparent digestibilities of the diets in the order listed above were 62.4, 68.2, 58.0, and 60.6% (P = 0.001) for DM and 62.8, 72.5, 56.0, and 59.1 % (P = 0.001) for crude protein (CP). Acid detergent lignin digestibilities were negative for diets 25BL99 (-56.7%) and 50BL99 (-49.3%), apparently due to the formation of insoluble tannin and lignin complexes during passage through the digestive tract. Intakes of DM were similar across diets. In 2000, apparent digestibilities of diet DM (64.4, 71.7, 64.8 and 65.4%) and CP (70.0, 76.0, 66.6, and 66.5%) did not differ. Lignin digestibilities were positive for diets 50BL00 (9.4%) and 75BL00 (29.6%) unlike those for year 1999. Overall, BL contained 10% CT and 18-34% hydrolyzable tannins. In 1999, N intake, urinary N (UN) excretion and N retained were higher for diet HEG (P=0.01) than diet HE whereas fecal N excretion (FN) was similar for diets HEG, 25BL99 and 50BL99. In 1999, FN excretion as a percentage of N intake was higher (P < 0.02) in the BL diets, although UN as a percentage of N intake did not differ among diets. In 2000, N intake and FN output were higher for BL diets compared to diets Ho (P=0.01) and HOG (P=0.02). Fecal N as a percentage of N intake was lower (P = 0.01) for diet HOG (24.0%) than for diets 50BL00 (33.4%) and 75BL00 (33.5%). Conversely, urinary N as a percentage of N intake was higher for diets Ho and HOG compared to the BL diets (P = 0.02). Increased levels of dietary BL increased FN, suggesting that tannins formed insoluble protein complexes thus hindering digestibility. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Luginbuhl, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jean-marie-luginbuhl@ncsu.edu NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.06.006 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 188VH UT WOS:000247946900025 ER PT J AU Roberts, DP McKenna, LF Lohrke, SM Rehner, S de Souza, JT AF Roberts, Daniel P. McKenna, Laurie F. Lohrke, Scott M. Rehner, Stephen de Souza, Jorge T. TI Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is important for colonization of seeds and roots by Enterobacter cloacae SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biological control; colonization; rhizosphere; spermosphere ID PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; RHIZOSPHERE COLONIZATION; CUCUMBER; BIOCONTROL; COMPONENTS; BACTERIUM AB Enterobacter cloacae is a plant-beneficial bacterium that shows promise for suppression of damping-off of cucumber and other crops caused by Pythium ultimum. We have been using a mutational approach to determine the E cloacae genes important in bacterial-plant and bacterial-pathogen interactions in the spermosphere and rhizosphere. E cloacae M43 is a transposon mutant of E cloacae 50IR3 that was significantly impaired in colonization of seeds and roots of diverse crop plants. Strain M43 did not increase in population on cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and was significantly reduced in growth on pea seeds relative to strain 501R3. Populations of M43 were also dramatically lower than those of strain 50IR3 in cucumber, pea, sunflower, and wheat rhizosphere in 42d experiments. Molecular characterization of M43 demonstrated that there was a single transposon insertion in the genome of this strain and that this insertion was in a region of the E cloacae genome with a high degree of DNA sequence identity with aceF aceF encodes the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Cell lysates from strain 501 R3 grown on minimal medium plus 50 mM glycerol and 2 mM acetate contained 0.011 +/- 0.0036 U pyruvate dehydrogenase activity while cell lysates from M43 grown under identical conditions contained no detectable pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Additionally, the nutritional use profile of M43 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was Lis expected for an ace mutant. Experiments reported here strongly Suggest a role for aceF and the PDHC in colonization of seeds and roots of diverse crop plants by E cloacae. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia, BR-44380000 Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 140,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dan.roberts@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2150 EP 2159 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.027 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179NE UT WOS:000247295800031 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Novak, JM Caesar-TonThat, TC Sojka, RE AF Busscher, Warren J. Novak, Jeff M. Caesar-TonThat, TheCan Sojka, Robert E. TI Amendments to increase aggregation in United States southeastern Coastal Plain soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggregation; polyacrylamide; penetration resistance; organic matter; wheat residue ID ORGANIC-MATTER; POLYACRYLAMIDE; TILLAGE; COMPACTION; WATER; DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; STABILITY; STRENGTH; NITROGEN AB Many U.S. southeastern Coastal Plain soils have a cemented subsurface hard layer that restricts root growth and decreases productivity. Soil properties are improved by tillage but might. also be improved by amending the soil. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue and polyacrylamide (PAM) were used to amend a Norfolk soil mix of 90% E horizon (the hard layer) and 10% Ap horizon (to assure microbial presence). Our hypothesis was that incorporation of wheat residue and/or PAM would improve physical properties, making the soil more amenable to root growth. Treatments contained 450 g of soil mix, 6.44 g kg(-1) ground wheat stubble, and 0, 30, or 120 mg kg(-1) of PAM (an anionic, linear formulation of size 12 MDa and 35% charge density). Duplicate sets of replicated treatments were incubated at 10% gravimetric water content for 30 and 60 days. Treatments were leached with 1.3 pore volumes of water. After leaching and equilibration to stable water contents, soil strengths were measured with a 3-mm-diameter flat-tipped bench-top penetrometer. At 30 days, the treatments were not significantly different; but at 60 days, treatments differed. Polyacrylamide decreased bulk density when added at the higher rate of 120 mg kg(-1) to the soil. The higher PAM rate also decreased the amount of water that was added to maintain treatments at 10% water content. Wheat residue amendments decreased penetration resistances and increased aggregation. Wheat residue and PAM amendments improved soil physical properties, especially when treatments were allowed to incubate for 60 days. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM warren.busscher@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 172 IS 8 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e3180601266 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 200MW UT WOS:000248768500008 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Zhang, YQ Butler, BJ AF Pan, Yi Zhang, Yaoqi Butler, Brett J. TI Trends among family forest owners in Alabama, 1994-2004 SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nonindustrial private forest; forest management; harvesting; parcelization; National Woodland Owner Survey AB There are an estimated 432,000 family forest owners in Alabama and they control 67% of the State's forestland. About two-thirds owned less than 10 ac. and about 88% of the family forest owners have holdings of less than 50 ac; collectively, this group of owners with 1- 49 ac of forestland own 15% of Alabama's family forestland. The corollary to this finding is that a majority (85%) of the state's family forestland is owned by the minority (12%) of owners who own 50 ac or more. Between 1994 and 2004, the amount of forestland owned by family forest owners with small (less than 10 ac) and large (more than 500 ac) forest holdings increased, while the total area of forestland owned by people with intermediate-size holdings, in general, decreased. Compared with 10 years ago, the number of family forest owners 45-54 years old is higher but they tend to own smaller parcels of forestland. During the some period, the number of owners 65 years or older decreased, but, on average, the size of their holdings increased. Recreation and investments have become more important objectives of ownership, whereas timber production as a primary ownership objective decreases. The probability of an owner having harvested trees, having a management plan, or having sought forest management advice increased as the size of the forest holding increased. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Resources, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Pan, Y (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Resources, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM panyi01@auburn.edu; yaoqi.zhang@auburn.edu; bbutler01@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 200ZC UT WOS:000248800300001 ER PT J AU O'Neal, B Shaffer, R Rummer, R AF O'Neal, Brandon Shaffer, Robert Rummer, Robert TI Assessing the safety training needs of Spanish-speaking workers in the southeastern logging industry SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE safety; Spanish-speaking workers; logging AB Safety in logging operations in the southeastern United States has long been an important issue. Recently, a growing number of Spanish-speaking workers (SSW) have gained employment on logging operations in the region. There is concern that injury and fatality rates could increase due to inexperience, possible lack of proper safety training, and language-barrier problems attributed to SSW. The objectives of this study are to, (I) determine the current percentage of the logging workforce in the southeastern United States comprised of SSW, (2) document the current state of logging safety training as it relates to SSW, and (3) recommend strategies to address the short- and long-term logging safety training needs of SSW. Data regarding the current population of SSW were collected in 2005 through field surveys of 1,890 logging crews operating in the southeastern United States. Additional data were acquired through field interview questionnaires completed in the fall of 2005 with 41 sample logging contractors who employ SSW. As of 2005, SSW represented 3.37% of the logging industry workforce in the southeastern United States. Ten percent of the operations surveyed employed one or more SSW. Of the questionnaire respondents, 90% employed at least one SSW who understood English well enough to effectively interpret instructions to the other SSW. Seventy-three percent of the loggers interviewed believed that "hands-on" demonstration training was the most effective way to present safety training to SSW. A majority of the respondent loggers believed that simply distributing safety training manuals and brochures printed in Spanish was unlikely to be effective, because only about one-half of the SSW they employed were literate. Recommendations were developed, based on the relevant literature and data collected through the questionnaire, to address the safety concerns associated with SSW in the logging industry. C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL USA. RP O'Neal, B (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM onealbs@auburn.edu; rshaffer@vt.edu; rrummer@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 124 EP 128 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 200ZC UT WOS:000248800300002 ER PT J AU Wolcott, L O'Brien, JJ Mordecai, K AF Wolcott, Leslie O'Brien, Joseph J. Mordecai, Kathryn TI A survey of land managers on wildland hazardous fuels issues in florida: A technical note SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE hazardous fuels treatments; Florida; pine flatwoods; pine rocklands; prescribed burning AB Due to a rapidly expanding human population in Florida, fire management has become hampered by urban encroachment, smoke management issues, and forest fragmentation. For these and other reasons, fire has been excluded from many stands, resulting in the buildup of dangerous fuel loads. These fuel loads have begun to result in recurrent destructive wildfires. Already, different communities are responding to these dangerous fuel loads in various ways. As part of a larger project to synthesize best management practices for hazardous fuel management in pine flatwoods and pine rocklands in Florida, a survey was distributed to a variety of land managers in Florida to investigate fuel management practices already in place. This note summarizes responses to this survey. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wolcott, L (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jjobrien@fs.fed.us NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 148 EP 150 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 200ZC UT WOS:000248800300005 ER PT J AU Kirkbride, JH AF Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr. TI A 19(th) century Brazilian botanilcal dictionary SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE Brazil; econornic plants; new scientific names; phanerogams; plant nomenclature AB Joaquim de Alineida Pinto's Diccionario de botanica brasileira was published in 1873. The new scientific names in it have not appeared in the principal indices of phanerogarnic scientific narnes. There are 12 new ueneric names, 317 ne,.v specific epithets, 6 new varieties, and I new specific combination in the book. Seven of the specific epithets have later homonyrns: Elephantopits littoralis, Erylhroxylum stipitlosit"i, Heliconio s i;lvestris, Hl;ptis incano, Paspaluin aqualiewn, Possiflora involucrata, and Salacia corYn7bosa. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kirkbride, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joseph.kirkbride@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 927 EP 937 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 207JM UT WOS:000249247400028 ER PT J AU Wiersema, JH Dahlberg, J AF Wiersema, John H. Dahlberg, Jeff TI The nomenclature of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Gramineae) SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE milo; new combination; Poaceae; Sorghum; sorgo; validation ID ORIGIN; CLASSIFICATION; DOMESTICATION AB The currently used subspecific names for the annual wild and weedy relatives of domesticated sorghum either lack valid publication or have not had their priority established over competing names of equivalent priority. These problems are resolved with valid publication of the new combination Sorghum bicolor subsp. verticilli-florum and establishment of its priority and that of S. bicolor subsp. drummondii over competing synonyms. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Sorghum Producers, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Wiersema, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Rm 124,Bldg 003, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jwiersema@ars-grin.gov OI Wiersema, John/0000-0001-9383-2807 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 941 EP 946 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 207JM UT WOS:000249247400030 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Thibodeaux, DR Condon, B AF Parikh, D. V. Thibodeaux, D. R. Condon, B. TI X-ray crystallinity of bleached and crosslinked cottons SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bleaching; citric acid; cotton; crosslinking; crystal structure; dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea; formaldehyde; line drying; swelling; tumble-drying; X-ray diffraction ID CELLULOSE; FIBERS; MORPHOLOGY; STRENGTH; LINKING AB An X-ray diffractometer was used to study the crystalline structure of cotton fibers after bleaching, crosslinking and a combination of bleaching and crosslinking treatments. Wet crosslinking was accomplished with formaldehyde (Form W) and dry crosslinking was carried out with either dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) or citric acid (CA). Results indicated that crosslinking of bleached cotton did not change the crystalline nature of cotton (i.e. it was Cellulose 1), but did increase its degree of crystallinity when crosslinked with either DMDHEU or CA; crosslinked formaldehyde (Form W) was relatively less crystalline. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, ARS, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, ARS, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 612 EP 616 DI 10.1177/0040517507081982 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 238YN UT WOS:000251484600010 ER PT J AU Hale, AL Farnham, MW Nzaramba, MN Kimbeng, CA AF Hale, Anna L. Farnham, Mark W. Nzaramba, M. Ndambe Kimbeng, Collins A. TI Heterosis for horticultural traits in Broccoli SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INBRED LINES; HYBRID PERFORMANCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; COMBINING ABILITY; EBERHART ANALYSES; RAPD MARKERS; DIALLEL; CROSS; MAIZE; POLYMORPHISM AB Over the last three decades, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) hybrids made by crossing two inbred lines replaced open-pollinated populations to become the predominant type of cultivar. The change to hybrids evolved with little or no understanding of heterosis or hybrid vigor in this crop. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine levels of heterosis expressed by a set of hybrids derived by crossing relatively elite, modern inbreds (n = 9). An additional objective was to determine if PCR-based marker derived genetic similarities among the parents can be useful to predict heterosis in this crop. Thirty-six hybrids derived from a diallel mating design involving nine parents were evaluated for five horticultural characters including the head characteristics of head weight, head stem diameter, and maturity (e.g., days from transplant to harvest), and the plant vigor characteristics of plant height, and plant width in four environments. A total of 409 polymorphic markers were generated by 24 AFLP, 23 SRAP and 17 SSR primer combinations. Euclidean distances between parents were determined based on phenotypic traits. About half of the hybrids exhibited highparent heterosis for head weight (1-30 g) and stem diameter (0.2-3.5 cm) when averaged across environments. Almost all hybrids showed highparent heterosis for plant height (1-10 cm) and width (2-13 cm). Unlike other traits, there was negative heterosis for maturity, indicating that heterosis for this character in hybrids is expressed as earliness. Genetic similarity estimates among the nine parental lines ranged from 0.43 to 0.71 and were significantly and negatively correlated with highparent heterosis for all traits except for stem diameter and days from transplant to harvest. Euclidean distances were not correlated with heterosis. With modern broccoli inbreds, less heterosis was observed for head characteristics than for traits that measured plant vigor. In addition, genetic similarity based on molecular markers was more highly correlated with plant vigor characteristics than head traits. Unlike with molecular marker-based estimates of genetic similarity, euclidean distance determined using phenotypic trait data was not predictive of heterosis. In conclusion, this study has documented heterosis in Brassica oleracea L., and the ability to predict heterosis in this crop using molecular marker-based estimates of genetic similarity among parents used in producing the hybrid. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hale, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 27 Savannah Hwy, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM annajohnsonhale@gmail.com NR 24 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0569-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 191NI UT WOS:000248137500006 PM 17554519 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA Orr, FM AF DiCarlo, David A. Orr, Franklin M., Jr. TI Compositional gravity drainage 1. Equilibrium solutions and controlling Bond numbers for a two-phase, three-component system SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE gravity drainage; compositional displacement; interfacial tension; multicomponent; multiphase; capillary equilibrium; Bond number; total recovery; analytic solutions ID POROUS-MEDIA; DISPLACEMENT AB The amount of wetting phase that is recovered by gravity drainage is determined by an interplay of gravitational and capillary forces. The relative importance of those forces is often expressed in terms of a Bond number. For compositional gravity drainage, where the initial and displacing fluids are not in chemical equilibrium, there is no single Bond number, as phases that form during a displacement will be associated with a different interfacial tension and density for each equilibrium tie line encountered as the compositions change during flow. We study vertical compositional displacements to determine how the Bond numbers of the initial and displacing fluids control the ultimate recovery. We find analytical solutions to the capillary/gravity equilibrium for a simplified model three-component, two-phase system. The equilibrium phase composition versus distance profiles are different than those predicted from standard viscous dominated displacements. We calculate the recovery as a function of the Bond numbers of the initial and displacing phases, and the degree of diffusion for this simple system. We discuss the important role of molecular diffusion in the ultimate recovery for condensing displacements. Finally, we find that the simple numerical average of the Bond numbers provides a reasonable estimate of an effective Bond number for calculating the retained wetting phase for many compositional gravity drainages. C1 ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD AUG PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1 BP 13 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11242-006-9053-8 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 182LI UT WOS:000247505700002 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Criscenti, LJ Turner, DR Davis, JA Cantrell, KJ AF Goldberg, Sabine Criscenti, Louise J. Turner, David R. Davis, James A. Cantrell, Kirk J. TI Adsorption - Desorption processes in subsurface reactive transport modeling SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; SURFACE-COMPLEXATION MODELS; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; HYDROLYZABLE METAL-IONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; CHROMATE RETENTION MECHANISMS; ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE AB Adsorption-desorption reactions are important processes that affect the transport of contaminants in the environment. Various empirical approaches, such as the distribution coefficient and Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations, have been used to represent adsorption. The empirical approaches are not capable of accounting for the effects of variable chemical conditions, such as pH, on adsorption reactions. This can be done using chemical models such as surface complexation models. These models define specific surface species, chemical reactions, equilibrium constants, mass balances, and charge balances, and their molecular features can be given thermodynamic significance. Ion adsorption mechanisms and surface configurations for the surface complexation models can be established from independent experimental observations. These include both indirect measurements, such as point of zero charge shifts, ionic strength effects, and calorimetry, and direct spectroscopic techniques, including vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Surface complexation models were developed for single mineral phases but have now been applied to natural mineral assemblages using both component additivity (CA) and generalized composite (GC) approaches. Surface complexation models have been incorporated into subsurface transport models at several field sites, although simplifying assumptions are needed to deal with heterogeneous materials. Surface complexation models for contaminant adsorption have the potential to increase the confidence and scientific credibility of transport modeling by reducing the uncertainty in quantifying retardation and providing a means of quantifying that uncertainty. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ctr Nucl Waste Regulatory Anal, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 274 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 7 U2 66 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 407 EP 435 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0085 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 204AP UT WOS:000249015500001 ER PT J AU Green, TR Taniguchi, M Kooi, H AF Green, Timothy R. Taniguchi, Makoto Kooi, Henk TI Potential impacts of climate change and human activity on subsurface water resources SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROUNDWATER; UNCERTAINTY C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RIHN, Kyoto, Japan. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dep Hydrol & Geo Environm Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Green, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tim.green@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011; Taniguchi, Makoto/E-3335-2012 OI Taniguchi, Makoto/0000-0001-7416-0275 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 531 EP 532 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0098 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 204AP UT WOS:000249015500012 ER PT J AU Green, TR Bates, BC Charles, SP Fleming, PM AF Green, Timothy R. Bates, Bryson C. Charles, Stephen P. Fleming, P. Mick TI Physically based simulation of potential effects of carbon dioxide - Altered climates on groundwater recharge SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Resources Assesment under the Presures of Humanity and Climate Change CY APR 04-06, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP UNESCO Int Hydrol Program ID LOW MOUNTAIN-RANGE; MODEL; WATER; FLOW; INFILTRATION; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; OUTPUT; GROWTH AB Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 will alter regional rainfall and evapotranspiration regimes that drive groundwater recharge. Improved methods of simulation and analysis are needed for assessing the potential sensitivities of soil-water-vegetation systems to climate change. This study demonstrates methods for generating climates and simulating soil-water and vegetation dynamics in response to current and double CO2 climate sequences. Climate change scenarios came from dynamic equilibrium ( constant CO2) runs of a general circulation model (GCM). Based on historical climate and GCM output, a stochastic point weather generator produced realizations of the cross-correlated daily climate variables. A numerical model of infiltration, variably saturated flow, and evapotranspiration produced temporal distributions of groundwater recharge rates for various soil-vegetation environments. Climate change scenarios were simulated for two climatic zones in Australia: subtropical (North Stradbroke Island, Queensland) and Mediterranean (Gnangara, Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia) having summerand winter-dominated rainfall regimes, respectively. In these simulations, groundwater recharge values were affected by the dynamic growth and senescence of vegetation, as changes in temperature and rainfall regimes affected growth rates and leaf areas. The temperature regime dominated the hydrologic response in the Mediterranean climate, and the rainfall frequency duration regime dominated in the subtropical climate. For the simulated Mediterranean climate change (14% rainfall increase), changes in mean recharge values ranged from - 34% to + 119%, while subtropical climate change (37% rainfall increase) caused increases from 74 to > 500%. Changes in mean recharge rate, interannual variability, and temporal persistence were related to the soil and vegetation characteristics. The model was useful for quantifying complex, nonlinear responses to climate change that require further exploration. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. CSIRO Land & Water, Wembly, WA 6014, Australia. CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Green, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tim.green@ars.usda.gov RI Charles, Stephen/C-6833-2011; Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011; Bates, Bryson/N-8481-2014 NR 55 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 597 EP 609 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0099 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 204AP UT WOS:000249015500019 ER PT J AU Risatti, GR Holinka, LG Sainz, IF Carrillo, C Kutish, GF Lu, Z Zhu, J Rock, DL Borca, MV AF Risatti, G. R. Holinka, L. G. Sainz, I. Fernandez Carrillo, C. Kutish, G. F. Lu, Z. Zhu, J. Rock, D. L. Borca, M. V. TI Mutations in the carboxyl terminal region of E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus are responsible for viral attenuation in swine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE virulence; pathogenesis; attenuation; vaccine; protection; glycoproteins; classical swine fever virus ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; FULL-LENGTH CDNA; PROTEINS E-RNS; CELL-CULTURE; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT; MARKER VACCINES; CHINESE STRAIN; INFECTIOUS RNA; PROTECTS SWINE; N-PRO AB We have previously reported [Risatti, G.R., Borca, M.V., Kutish, G.F., Lu, Z., Holinka, L.G., French, R.A., Tulman, E.R., Rock, D.L. 2005a. The E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus is a virulence determinant in swine. J. Virol. 79, 3787-3796] that chimeric virus 319.1v containing the E2 glycoprotein gene from Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) vaccine strain CS with the genetic background of highly virulent CSFV strain Brescia (BICv) was markedly attenuated in pigs. To identify the amino acids mediating 319.1v attenuation a series of chimeric viruses containing CS E2 residues in the context of the Brescia strain were constructed. Chimera 357v, containing CS E2 residues 691 to 881 of CSFV polyprotein was virulent, while chimera 358v, containing CS E2 residues 882 to 1064, differing in thirteen amino acids from BICv, was attenuated in swine. Single or double substitutions of those amino acids in BICv E2 to CS E2 residues did not affect virulence. Groups of amino acids were then substituted in BICv E2 to CS E2 residues. Mutant 32v, with six substitutions between residues 975 and 1059, and mutant 33v, with six substitutions between 955 and 994, induced disease indistinguishable from BICv. Mutant 3 1 v, with seven substitutions between residues 882 and 958, induced a delayed onset of lethal disease. Amino acids abrogating BICv virulence were then determined by progressively introducing six CS residues into 31v. Mutant 39v, containing nine residue substitutions, was virulent. Mutant 40v, containing ten residue substitutions, induced mild disease. Mutant 42v, containing twelve substitutions, and mutant 43v, with an amino acid composition identical to 358v, were attenuated in swine indicating that all substitutions were necessary for attenuation of the highly virulent strain Brescia. Importantly, 358v protected swine from challenge with virulent BICv at 3 and 28 days post-infection. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, DHS, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 364 IS 2 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.02.025 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 181FW UT WOS:000247423500012 PM 17418362 ER PT J AU Spatz, SJ Silva, RF AF Spatz, Stephen J. Silva, Robert F. TI Polymorphisms in the repeat long regions of oncogenic and attenuated pathotypes of Marek's disease virus 1 SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; polymorphisms; repeat long; genome; chicken; meq ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN; SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; MDV CDNAS; MEQ GENE; DNA; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; TELOMERASE AB The nucleotide sequences of the terminal repeat long (TRL) and internal repeat long regions (IRL) in the genomes of 13 strains of Marek's disease virus type 1 (MDV-1) were determined and represent the largest collection of sequencing data from a contiguous region (12.8 kb) in the serotype 1 genomes. The collection of strains used in this study has been well characterized with respect to their virulence and contains members of each pathotype (4 attenuated, 1 mildly virulent, 3 virulent, 2 very virulent and 3 very virulent plus). It has previously been reported that two loci (meq and RLORF4) in the RL regions are likely to encode virulence factors based on comparative genomic studies involving vaccine and virulent strains. Additional studies using knockout mutants have provided stronger evidence that indeed RLORF4 and meq or the overlapping genes 23 kD and RLORF6 are involved in virulence. In this report, we provide evidence that additional open reading frames (ORFs) in the RL regions differ significantly between the extremes of the pathotypes (attenuated vs. nonattenuated). A deletion of 10 base pairs has been identified in RLORF12 from two attenuated strains CVI988 BP-5, p48 and RM-1, p40; and the lower virulence strain JM/102W. A deletion of 40 bp was also identified in RLORF4 of the attenuated strain R2/23, passage 106. A 177 bp insertion within the meq loci has been identified in most of the attenuated strains examined. Interestingly, R2/23 did not contain this insertion but instead truncated proteins are predicted for the three overlapping ORFs (meq, 23 kD and RLORF6) due to a frameshift mutation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which loosely partition between attenuated and nonattenuated strains, have been identified in the ORFs encoding RLORF12, RLORF8, meq, 23 kD, RLORF6, RLORF4, RLORF3 and ICP0 and three previously unidentified short ORFs: MHLS, MLHG and MPSG. Although no single nucleotide polymorphism in the RL regions could predict virulence, their overall contribution to virulence can now be examined in defined mutants containing additional insertions or deletions in ORFs, suspected of encoding virulence factors, identified by this research. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Spatz, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM sspatz@seprl.usda.gov NR 52 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s11262-006-0024-5 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 168JW UT WOS:000246521900006 PM 16964553 ER PT J AU Warg, JV Dikkeboom, AL Goodwin, AE Snekvik, K Whitney, J AF Warg, Janet V. Dikkeboom, Audrey L. Goodwin, Andrew E. Snekvik, Kevin Whitney, John TI Comparison of multiple genes of spring viremia of carp viruses isolated in the United States SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE carp; koi; Rhabdovirus; SVCV; US ID IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY ELISA; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; PIKE FRY RHABDOVIRUS; FISH RHABDOVIRUSES; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; RAPID DETECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; COMMON CARP; 1ST REPORT; SVCV AB Five spring viremia of carp viruses (SVCV), Rhabdovirus carpio, were isolated in the United States (US) between 2002 and 2004. Single tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to generate overlapping cDNA fragments from the US isolates of SVCV. Multiple pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify a portion of the phosphoprotein gene, the matrix gene, and the glycoprotein gene of SVCV genogroup Id (corresponding to nucleotides 2174-4942 of GenBank accession NC_002803). Sequences were proofread and aligned to generate a consensus sequence for each isolate. Phylogenetic analysis of the 2705 nucleotide consensus sequence revealed that all five US isolates belong to SVCV genogroup Ia, Asian origin isolates, and a PCR primer binding site unique to SVCV genogroup Ia was identified. C1 USDA, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, VA APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI USA. Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. LaCrosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI USA. RP Warg, JV (reprint author), USDA, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, VA APHIS, 1800 Dayton Ave,POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Janet.V.Warg@aphis.usda.gov; agoodwin@uaex.edu; ksnek@vetmed.wsu.edu; John_Whitney@fws.gov NR 40 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s11262-006-0042-3 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 168JW UT WOS:000246521900011 PM 17048110 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Williams, DG AF Snyder, Keirith A. Williams, David G. TI Root allocation and water uptake patterns in riparian tree saplings: Responses to irrigation and defoliation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Populus fremontii; root respiration; stable hydrogen isotope ratios; water-source use; rhizopods ID TABLE DECLINE; GROWTH; RESPIRATION; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; COTTONWOODS; MORPHOLOGY; VEGETATION AB The genus Populus relies on shallow groundwater for successful recruitment and is often the focus of riparian restoration efforts. Under some circumstances mature trees take up a substantial proportion of their water from unsaturated soil water derived from growing season rainfall, but it is unknown how Populus saplings may alter root allocation patterns and water use in response to water availability and carbon limitations. Although it has been inferred that root allocation differs with changes in water uptake patterns as determined with stable isotope studies, this notion has rarely been tested. We conducted a glasshouse experiment with Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood) saplings to determine how allocation to fine and coarse roots, leaf gas exchange, root respiration and water uptake from hydrologically isolated upper and lower soil compartments would be altered by above- and belowground resource limitations. Aboveground carbon limitations were imposed with defoliation. Belowground resource limitations were imposed by maintaining high or low soil water availability in lower soil compartment. Isotopically labeled water was supplied in pulses to upper soil compartments to determine the proportion of transpiration water derived from each compartment. Above- and belowground resource limitations differentially altered use of surface water pulses and affected patterns of fine root allocation. Proportional use of water sources was plastic and changed in response to water availability and defoliation. Changes in fine root biomass allocation were associated with changes in water-source use for water-stressed plants. Defoliated plants in both watering treatments used proportionally less of the surface pulse than undefoliated plants. In contrast, plants that were water limited, but not carbon limited had a higher ratio of shallow fine roots to deep fine roots and took up proportionally more water from the surface pulse. These data suggest that carbon limited saplings take up less water with shallow roots. Thus, P. fremontii exhibited belowground allocation tradeoffs in response to spatial heterogeneity of soil water and carbon limitations. Furthermore, our data suggest that successful recruitment events may be influenced by the occurrence of summer rainfall, and by factors affecting canopy carbon gain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Invas & Exot Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas & Exot Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM kasnyder@unr.edu RI Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 2-3 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.032 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 196GM UT WOS:000248469700009 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Pouyat, RV Cadenasso, ML Zipperer, WC Szlavecz, K Yesilonis, ID Band, LE Brush, GS AF Groffman, Peter M. Pouyat, Richard V. Cadenasso, Mary L. Zipperer, Wayne C. Szlavecz, Katalin Yesilonis, Ian D. Band, Lawrence E. Brush, Grace S. TI Land use context and natural soil controls on plant community composition and soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in urban and rural forests (vol 236, pg 177, 2006) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Baltimore Ecosyst Study, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95615 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 2-3 BP 296 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.001 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 196GM UT WOS:000248469700016 ER PT J AU Xiao, Q McPherson, EG Simpson, JR Ustin, SL AF Xiao, Q. McPherson, E. G. Simpson, J. R. Ustin, S. L. TI Hydrologic processes at the urban residential scale SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrologic processes; residential scale; best management practice; urban runoff reduction; landscape irrigation water use ID RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; WATER-QUALITY; RUNOFF; BALANCE; SOILS; MODEL; AIR AB In the face of increasing urbanization, there is growing interest in application of microscale hydrologic solutions to minimize storm runoff and conserve water at the source. In this study, a physically based numerical model was developed to understand hydrologic processes better at the urban residential scale and the interaction of these processes among different best management practices (BMPs). This model simulates hydrologic processes using an hourly interval for over a full year or for specific storm events. The model was applied to treatment and control single-family residential parcels in Los Angeles, California. Data collected from the control and treatment sites over 2 years were used to calibrate and validate the model. Annual storm runoff to the street was eliminated by 97% with installation of rain gutters, a driveway interceptor, and lawn retention basin. Evaluated individually, the driveway interceptor was the most effective BMP for storm runoff reduction (65%), followed by the rain gutter installation (28%), and lawn converted to retention basin (12%). An 11 m(3) cistern did not substantially reduce runoff, but provided 9% of annual landscape irrigation demand. Simulated landscape irrigation water use was reduced 53% by increasing irrigation system efficiency, and adjusting application rates monthly based on plant water demand. The model showed that infiltration and surface runoff processes were particularly sensitive to the soil's physical properties and its effective depth. Replacing the existing loam soil with clay soil increased annual runoff discharge to the street by 63% when climate and landscape features remained unchanged. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Ctr Urban Forest Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Xiao, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM qxiao@ucdavis.edu NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 16 BP 2174 EP 2188 DI 10.1002/hyp.6482 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 198MO UT WOS:000248632400010 ER PT J AU Weishampel, JF Drake, JB Cooper, A Blair, JB Hofton, M AF Weishampel, John F. Drake, Jason B. Cooper, Amanda Blair, J. Bryan Hofton, Michelle TI Forest canopy recovery from the 1938 hurricane and subsequent salvage damage measured with airborne LiDAR SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; ecosystem recovery; forest canopy; Harvard Forest; hurricane; land use; legacy; LiDAR; LISA; spatial autocorrelation; vertical structure ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; LAND-USE HISTORY; WAVE-FORM LIDAR; SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; CATASTROPHIC WIND; LASER ALTIMETER; HEIGHT PROFILES; HARDWOOD FOREST; NEW-HAMPSHIRE AB The structure of a forest canopy often reflects its disturbance history. Such signatures of past disturbances or legacies can influence bow the ecosystem functions across broad spatio-temporal scales. The 1938 hurricane and ensuing salvage operations which swept through New England represent the most recent large, infrequent disturbance (LID) in this region. Though devastating (downing similar to 70% of the timber at Harvard Forest), the disturbance was not indiscriminate-, it left behind a heterogeneous landscape comprised of different levels of canopy damage. We analyzed large-footprint LiDAR, from the Prospect Hill tract at Harvard Forest in central Massachusetts, to assess whether damage to the forest structure from the hurricane and subsequent timber extraction could be discerned after - 65 years. Differences in LiDAR-derived measures of canopy height and vertical diversity were a function of the degree of damage from the 1938 hurricane and the predominant tree species which is, in part, a function of land use history. Higher levels of damage corresponded to slightly shorter canopies with a less even vertical distribution of return from the ground to the top. In addition, differences in canopy topography as revealed by spatial autocorrelation of canopy top heights were found among the damage classes. Less disturbed stands were characterized by lower levels of local autocorrelation for canopy height and higher levels of vertical diversity of LiDAR returns. These differences in canopy structure reveal that the forest tract has not completely recovered from the 1938 LID and salvage regime, which may have implications on arboreal and understory habitat and other ecosystem functions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Weishampel, JF (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM jweisham@mail.ucf.edu RI Khachadourian, Diana/C-8513-2012; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 NR 71 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 30 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 2 BP 142 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.016 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 183LE UT WOS:000247573500002 ER PT J AU Woodbury, PB Heath, LS Smith, JE AF Woodbury, Peter B. Heath, Linda S. Smith, James E. TI Effects of land use change on soil carbon cycling in the conterminous United States from 1900 to 2050 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID FOREST; BUDGET; DYNAMICS; STORAGE AB [1] We developed matrices representing historical area transitions between forest and other land uses. We projected future transitions on the basis of historical transitions and econometric model results. These matrices were used to drive a model of changes in soil and forest floor carbon stocks. Our model predicted net carbon emission from 1900 until 1982, then sequestration until 2030, with little subsequent change. However, the northeast region showed substantial carbon sequestration from 1900 to the present. From 1990 to 2004, afforestation caused sequestration averaging 17 Tg C yr(-1): 6 Tg C yr(-1) in soil and 11 Tg C yr(-1) in forest floor. Deforestation caused emission averaging 12 Tg C yr(-1): 3 Tg C yr(-1) from soil and 9 Tg C yr(-1) from forest floor. However, these effects were only 5% of the total change in carbon stocks in all forestland. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Woodbury, PB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Woodbury, Peter/0000-0003-3954-7639 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL 28 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 AR GB3006 DI 10.1029/2007GB002950 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195OI UT WOS:000248421100001 ER PT J AU Wren, DG Kuhnle, RA Wilson, CG AF Wren, D. G. Kuhnle, R. A. Wilson, C. G. TI Measurements of the relationship between turbulence and sediment in suspension over mobile sand dunes in a laboratory flume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID MULTIFREQUENCY ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; 2-DIMENSIONAL BED FORMS; SPATIALLY AVERAGED FLOW; 3-DIMENSIONAL DUNES; SUBAQUEOUS DUNES; LOAD TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SHEAR-STRESS; FRASER-RIVER; FREE-SURFACE AB [1] The relationship between fluid and particle motions over a mobile dune bed was investigated using a laboratory flume with mobile sand dunes. Fluid turbulence data from a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) and suspended-sediment data from an acoustic backscatter system (BSS) were collected from the same sampling volume at a constant position relative to passing sand dunes in a laboratory channel by using a motion control system to follow bed forms through the test section. A second BSS continually traversed the test section to map the bed profile. The data from the LDV and the two BSS units were correlated in order to link turbulence data with variations in suspended sediment concentration and position on bed forms. Local values of suspended sediment concentration were poorly correlated with quadrant classification, indicating a weak relationship between local turbulence and sediment in suspension. Reynolds stress values were not strongly affected by dune size over the scales covered in the experiments. Sweeps (quadrant 4 events) were the most numerous, but bursts (quadrant 2 events) generally had higher relative magnitudes. Bursts were best correlated with changes in suspended sediment concentration and with cumulative sediment suspension. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Wren, DG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dwren@ars.usda.gov; rkuhnle@ars.usda.gov; cwilson@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F3 AR F03009 DI 10.1029/2006JF000683 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 195PL UT WOS:000248424000001 ER PT J AU Negis, Y Meydani, M Zingg, JM Azzi, A AF Negis, Yesim Meydani, Mohsen Zingg, Jean-Marc Azzi, Angelo TI Molecular mechanism of alpha-tocopheryl-phosphate transport across the cell membrane SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE a-tocopheryl-phosphate; transport; organic anion transporter (OAT); vitamin e; tocopherol; glibenclamide; probenecid ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER-2; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GENE-EXPRESSION; VITAMIN-E; LLC-PK1 CELLS; INHIBITION; PROLIFERATION; INVOLVEMENT; MODULATION; PATHWAY AB alpha-Tocopheryl-phosphate (alpha-TP) is synthesized and hydrolyzed in animal cells and tissues where it modulates several functions. alpha-TP is more potent than alpha-T in inhibiting cell proliferation, down-regulating CD36 transcription, inhibiting atherosclerotic plaque formation. Administration of alpha-TP to cells or animals requires its transfer through membranes, via a transporter. We show here that alpha-TP is passing the plasma membrane via a system that is inhibited by glibenclamide and probenecid, inhibitors of a number of transporters. Glibenclamide and probenecid prevent dose-dependently alpha-TP inhibition of cell proliferation. The two inhibitors act on ATP binding cassette (ABC) and organic anion transporters (OAT). Since ABC transporters function to export solutes and alpha-TP is transported into cells, it may be concluded that a-TP transport may occur via an OAT family member. Due to the protection by glibenclamide and probenecid on the alpha-TP induced cell growth inhibition it appears that alpha-TP acts after its uptake inside cells. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 27 PY 2007 VL 359 IS 2 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.094 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 182GZ UT WOS:000247494400026 PM 17537406 ER PT J AU Kovsan, J Ben-Romano, R Souza, SC Greenberg, AS Rudich, A AF Kovsan, Julia Ben-Romano, Ronit Souza, Sandra C. Greenberg, Andrew S. Rudich, Assaf TI Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis by degradation of the perilipin protein - Nelfinavir enhances lysosome-mediated perilipin proteolysis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; INTRACELLULAR NEUTRAL LIPIDS; DROPLET-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL REGULATION; STIMULATED LIPOLYSIS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS AB A decrease in the lipid droplet-associated protein perilipin may constitute a mechanism for enhanced adipocyte lipolysis under nonstimulated (basal) conditions, and increased basal lipolysis has been linked to whole body metabolic dysregulation. Here we investigated whether the lipolytic actions of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, are mediated by decreased perilipin protein content and studied the mechanisms by which it occurs. Time course analysis revealed that the decrease in perilipin protein content preceded the increase in lipolysis. A causative relationship was suggested by demonstrating that nelfinavir potently increased lipolysis in adipocytes derived from mouse embryonal fibroblasts expressing perilipin but not in mouse embryonal fibroblast adipocytes devoid of perilipin and that adenoviral mediated overexpression of perilipin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes blocked the lipolytic actions of nelfinavir. Nelfinavir did not alter mRNA content of perilipin but rather decreased perilipin proteins t(1/2) from >70 to 12 h. Protein degradation of perilipin in both control and nelfinavir-treated adipocytes could be prevented by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis using leupeptin or NH4Cl but not by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. We propose that proteolysis of perilipin involving the lysosomal protein degradation machinery may constitute a novel mechanism for enhancing adipocyte lipolysis. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, S Daniel Abraham Ctr Hlth & Nutr, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rudich, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM rudich@bgu.ac.il FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK50647] NR 44 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 30 BP 21704 EP 21711 DI 10.1074/jbc.M702223200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 192JG UT WOS:000248196800017 PM 17488708 ER PT J AU Jham, GN Winkler, JK Berhow, MA Vaughn, SF AF Jham, Gulab N. Winkler, Jill K. Berhow, Mark A. Vaughn, Steven F. TI gamma-tocopherol as a marker of Brazilian coffee (Coffea arabica L.) adulteration by corn SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE coffee; adulteration; corn; tocopherols ID ROASTED COFFEE; VARIETIES; ROBUSTA; PROFILE; GREEN; AUTHENTICATION; DISCRIMINATION; PARAMETERS; RESOLUTION; POWDERS AB The adulteration of coffee with cereals, coffee twigs, etc. is apparently widespread in Brazil with corn being considered the most widely used. No adequate methods are available to detect such contamination in commercial coffee. A new method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tocopherol determination was developed to detect coffee adulteration by corn. Percentages of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol determined by HPLC in six coffee varieties were 29.0, 61.7, 3.3, and 6.0, respectively. Similar values were obtained in six popular coffee brands. The percentages of alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol in six corn samples were 3.6, 91.3, and 5.1, respectively. These differences could be applied to detect corn in a pure coffee sample intentionally contaminated with corn with the best result obtained with gamma-tocopherol. With this methodology, one coffee brand was apparently adulterated (8.9%), most likely with corn. Tocopherol fingerprinting offers the potential to detect adulteration. C1 USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jham, GN (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Quim, BR-36570 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM Gulab.Jham@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 15 BP 5995 EP 5999 DI 10.1021/jf070967n PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 190UE UT WOS:000248085300015 PM 17602658 ER PT J AU Freese, L Scholdberg, TA Burton, DD Norden, TD Shokere, LA Jenkins, GR AF Freese, Larry Scholdberg, Tandace A. Burton, Daishia D. Norden, Timothy D. Shokere, Luke A. Jenkins, G. Ronald TI Evaluating homogeneity of LL601 rice in commercial lots using quantitative real-time PCR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE homogeneity; real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction; genetically modified organisms; LL601; long-grain rice; transgenic; DNA quantification; phospholipase D endogenous control gene; threshold cycle ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED ORGANISMS; GMO DETECTION; VALIDATION; DNA; BIOTECHNOLOGY; IMMUNOASSAY; SHIPMENTS; MAIZE; CROPS; ASSAY AB Homogeneity analysis was performed on four distinctive commercial lots, derived from the 2006 rice harvest in the United States. Lots that had previously been tested and suspected to have some level of LL601 were selected to determine lot homogeneity. LL601 infiltration in the lots was low and estimated to contain < 0.01% (sigma = 0.026), 0.014% (sigma = 0.020), 0.054% (sigma = 0.043), and 0.074% (sigma = 0.031) LL601. Lots were analyzed statistically as a one-way classification, or one-factor experiment, to assess the presence of strata within the lot. A p value of 0.05 or lower is needed to declare statistical significance and would suggest significant differences among the samples. The data revealed p values ranging between 0.105 and 0.607. The calculated p values for all lots were greater than the critical value of 0.05. Samples taken from different locations throughout these four commercial lots did not show statistically significant stratifications within the lot. C1 USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Tech Serv Div, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. RP Jenkins, GR (reprint author), USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Tech Serv Div, 10383 N Ambassador Dr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. EM g.ronaldjenkins@usda.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 15 BP 6060 EP 6066 DI 10.1021/jf070665l PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 190UE UT WOS:000248085300025 PM 17590009 ER PT J AU Yadav, MP Johnston, DB Hicks, KB AF Yadav, Madhav P. Johnston, David B. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Structural characterization of corn fiber gums from coarse and fine fiber and a study of their emulsifying properties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn fiber; arabinoxylan; emulsion stability; emulsifier; oil-in-water emulsion; homogenization ID DROPLET SIZE; MAIZE BRAN; EMULSIONS; PROTEINS; EXTRACTION; COMPONENTS; OIL; HOMOGENIZATION; HEMICELLULOSE; EMULSIFIERS AB The stabilities of orange oil emulsions stabilized with various concentrations of two different types of corn fiber gum (CFG-1 and 2) isolated from coarse (pericarp) and fine (endosperm) fiber from corn wet milling have been studied. The emulsion stabilities in all these studies increased with increasing gum concentration up to a gum-to-oil ratio of 0.05, and after that it either levels off or changes very slightly. These results indicate that only 0.25% of CFG is required to make stable emulsion containing 5% orange oil under the experimental conditions used in this study. At this CFG concentration, CFG-2 from each fiber source was found to be a superior emulsifier relative to the corresponding CFG-1 from each source in a 10-day emulsion stability study at room temperature. The emulsion stability was also investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy measurement, and it was found that CFG-1 and 2 from both coarse and fine fiber made stable emulsions with an average particle size of less than 1 mu m for 10 days at room temperature. Sugar composition analysis of CFGs from both sources indicated that they were typical galactoglucuronoarabinoxylans containing mainly 55-59% xylose, 29-36% arabinose, and 4-6% galactose as neutral sugars and 3-5% glucuronic acid. Methylation analysis revealed a highly branched structure of all CFGs, in which only 16-25% of the 1 -> 4-linked xylose residues were not substituted at O-2 and/or O-3. Arabinose is present both as a terminal residue and at branch points. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 15 BP 6366 EP 6371 DI 10.1021/jf070024q PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 190UE UT WOS:000248085300066 PM 17608492 ER PT J AU Cao, H Hininger-Favier, I Kelly, MA Benaraba, R Dawson, HD Coves, S Roussel, AM Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Hininger-Favier, Isabelle Kelly, Meghan A. Benaraba, Rachida Dawson, Harry D. Coves, Sara Roussel, Anne M. Anderson, Richard A. TI Green tea polyphenol extract regulates the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and insulin signaling in rats fed a high fructose diet SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diabetes; fructose-rich diet; green tea; glucose transporter; insulin signaling pathway; obesity; polyphenol extract; rat ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; FETAL BROWN ADIPOCYTES; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; CINNAMON EXTRACT; UNITED-STATES; TRISTETRAPROLIN; RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; INFLAMMATION AB Green tea has antidiabetic, antiobesity, and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models, but the molecular mechanisms of these effects have not been fully understood. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the relative expression levels and the effects of green tea (1 and 2 g solid extract/kg diet) on the expression of glucose transporter family genes (Glut1/Slc2a1, Glut2/Slc2a2, Glut3/Slc2a3, and Glut4/Slc2a4) and insulin signaling pathway genes (Ins1, Ins2, Insr, Irs1, Irs2, Akt1, Grb2, Igf1, Igf2, Igf1r, Igf2r, Gsk3b, Gys1, Pik3cb, Pik3r1, Shc1, and Sos1) in liver and muscle of rats fed a high-fructose diet known to induce insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Glut2 and Glut4 were the major Glut mRNAs in rat liver and muscle, respectively. Green tea extract (1 g) increased Glut1, Glut4, Gsk3b, and Irs2 mRNA levels by 110, 160, 30, and 60% in the liver, respectively, and increased Irs1 by 80% in the muscle. Green tea extract (2 g) increased Glut4, Gsk3b, and Pik3cb mRNA levels by 90, 30, and 30% but decreased Shc1 by 60% in the liver and increased Glut2, Glut4, Shc1, and Sos1 by 80, 40, 60, and 50% in the muscle. This study shows that green tea extract at 1 or 2 g/kg diet regulates gene expression in the glucose uptake and insulin signaling pathway in rats fed a fructose-rich diet. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Baltimore, MD 20705 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Fac Pharm, Lab NVMC, F-92842 Rueil Malmaison, France. RP Cao, H (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Bldg 307C, BARC E, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Baltimore, MD 20705 USA. EM Heping.Cao@gars.usda.gov; Richard.Anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 51 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 15 BP 6372 EP 6378 DI 10.1021/jf070695o PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 190UE UT WOS:000248085300067 PM 17616136 ER PT J AU Kitching, P Hammond, J Jeggo, M Charleston, B Paton, D Rodriguez, L Heckert, R AF Kitching, Paul Hammond, Jef Jeggo, Martyn Charleston, Bryan Paton, David Rodriguez, Luis Heckert, Robert TI Global FMD control - Is it an option? SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2006 CL Oslo, NORWAY DE foot-and-mouth disease; global control; GFRA ID MOUTH-DISEASE OUTBREAK; UNITED-KINGDOM; PERSISTENCE; VIRUS AB The outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Europe in 2001 identified the vulnerability of the intensive agricultural industries in Europe and North America to the economic consequences of the introduction of a highly infectious animal disease. The very large illegal international trade in animal products bypasses the safeguards recommended by World Animal Health Organization (OIE) and put in place by governments to prevent the importation of foreign pathogens. If it is not possible to stop the entry of FMD virus, what are the options to mitigate the risk by reducing the area of the globe in which FMD is endemic? There are a number of constraints that would prevent global control of FMD; current vaccines are expensive, have a narrow antigenic spectrum, provide only short term immunity and are very fragile; diagnostics are also expensive, require training to use and if not handled properly lose sensitivity and specificity; we still do not understand the significance of carrier animals in the epidemiology of FMD, and whether it is necessary or possible to prevent the carrier state; and many decision support tools, such as models are currently more dangerous than useful in that they fail to fully accommodate all the complexities of the disease. The four national foreign animal disease laboratories in USA, Canada, UK and Australia together with the International Livestock Research Institute have put forward a proposal to address some of these constraints (the Global FMD Research Alliance, GFRA), not only to protect their own national livestock industries, but also to support FMD control programs in countries in which the disease is present. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. CSIRO, Livstock Ind, Geelong, Vic 3213, Australia. Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Pirbright GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kitching, P (reprint author), Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. EM kitchingp@inspection.gc.ca NR 12 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 30 SI SI BP 5660 EP 5664 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.10.052 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 197WV UT WOS:000248588200027 PM 17126959 ER PT J AU McDonnell, JJ Sivapalan, M Vache, K Dunn, S Grant, G Haggerty, R Hinz, C Hooper, R Kirchner, J Roderick, ML Selker, J Weiler, M AF McDonnell, J. J. Sivapalan, M. Vache, K. Dunn, S. Grant, G. Haggerty, R. Hinz, C. Hooper, R. Kirchner, J. Roderick, M. L. Selker, J. Weiler, M. TI Moving beyond heterogeneity and process complexity: A new vision for watershed hydrology SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOW; INFILTRATION; TOPOGRAPHY; MACROPORES; RUNOFF; SCALE; FIELD; MODEL AB Field studies in watershed hydrology continue to characterize and catalogue the enormous heterogeneity and complexity of rainfall runoff processes in more and more watersheds, in different hydroclimatic regimes, and at different scales. Nevertheless, the ability to generalize these findings to ungauged regions remains out of reach. In spite of their apparent physical basis and complexity, the current generation of detailed models is process weak. Their representations of the internal states and process dynamics are still at odds with many experimental findings. In order to make continued progress in watershed hydrology and to bring greater coherence to the science, we need to move beyond the status quo of having to explicitly characterize or prescribe landscape heterogeneity in our (highly calibrated) models and in this way reproduce process complexity and instead explore the set of organizing principles that might underlie the heterogeneity and complexity. This commentary addresses a number of related new avenues for research in watershed science, including the use of comparative analysis, classification, optimality principles, and network theory, all with the intent of defining, understanding, and predicting watershed function and enunciating important watershed functional traits. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Water Resources Sect, Delft, Netherlands. Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Scotland Craigiebuckler, Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Consortium Univ, Adv Hydrol Sci Inc, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP McDonnell, JJ (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Water Resources Sect, Delft, Netherlands. RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009; Sivapalan, Murugesu/A-3538-2008; Weiler, Markus/F-5584-2011; Roderick, Michael/C-9621-2009; Dunn, Sarah/H-3929-2011; McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013; Hinz, Christoph /I-5455-2014; OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619; Sivapalan, Murugesu/0000-0003-3004-3530; Weiler, Markus/0000-0001-6245-6917; Roderick, Michael/0000-0002-3630-7739; Hinz, Christoph /0000-0003-0691-7402; Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 NR 38 TC 272 Z9 275 U1 18 U2 162 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 AR W07301 DI 10.1029/2006WR005467 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 195RJ UT WOS:000248429000005 ER PT J AU Jamieson, PD Brooking, IR Semenov, MA MeMaster, GS White, JW Porter, JR AF Jamieson, P. D. Brooking, I. R. Semenov, M. A. MeMaster, G. S. White, J. W. Porter, J. R. TI Reconciling alternative models of phenological development in winter wheat SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phasic development; leaf production; final leaf number; thermal time ID DIFFERENT SOWING DATES; STEM ELONGATION; PRIMORDIUM INITIATION; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; SIMULATION-MODEL; LEAF APPEARANCE; GROWTH-STAGES; SPRING WHEAT; PHOTOPERIOD; VERNALIZATION AB Simulation of the timing of anthesis in wheat crops is achieved using two very different approaches. The older of these simulates progress to flowering by calculating the duration of phases between significant events on the shoot apex. The alternative method tracks development through leaf appearance, using the prediction of final mainstem leaf number to control the duration of the phase from emergence to flowering. Although these methods appear to differ substantially, we show in this paper that the number of leaves on the mainstem when the stage of terminal spikelet occurs is extremely tightly coupled to final mainstem leaf number. We conclude,that accurate prediction of the terminal spikelet stage or similar prediction of mainstem leaf number amount to the same thing, so reconciling the methods. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. Rothamsted Res, Biomath & Bioinformat, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr, Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark. RP Jamieson, PD (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res, PB4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM jamiesonp@crop.cri.nz RI Brooking, Ian/A-9593-2008; Porter, John/F-9290-2014 OI Brooking, Ian/0000-0001-5444-5134; Porter, John/0000-0002-0777-3028 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL 25 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.04.009 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197WE UT WOS:000248586400005 ER PT J AU Verma, VK Behera, TK Munshi, AD Parida, SK Mohapata, T AF Verma, Veerendra K. Behera, T. K. Munshi, A. D. Parida, Swarup K. Mohapata, T. TI Genetic diversity of ash gourd [Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.] inbred lines based on RAPD and ISSR markers and their hybrid performance SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE RAPD; ISSR; DNA marker; ash gourd; Benincasa ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; CUCUMIS-MELO L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; ACCESSIONS; CITRULLUS; GERMPLASM; RFLP; AFLP AB Ten inbred lines of ash gourd [Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.] were crossed to produce 45 F-1 hybrids (without reciprocal) which were evaluated along with the parents for 20 growth- and yield-related traits, in a replicated field trial. High level of heterosis was observed among the hybrids for most of the traits examined, including yield. These inbred lines were analysed by using 42 RAPD primers those produced 282 DNA marker bands. A total of 130 RAPD markers were obtained with a mean of 3.1 per primer, which in combination discriminated all the inbreds from each other. Pair-wise genetic distance measurements ranged from 0.07 to 0.3 1, suggesting a wide genetic diversity for these inbreds. These inberds were also analysed with five ISSR primers of which four were informative. Twenty-six ISSR marker bands were generated of which I I were polymorphic with an average of 2.80 per primers. The percentage of polymorphic bands produced were higher in ISSR markers (>80%) than generated through RAPD markers (46%). Although the results indicated significant positive correlations of genetic distance with hybrid performance and heterosis, the RAPD based genetic distance measures and use of limited ISSR markers in this present study could not effectively predict hybrid performance in this crop. The genetic variation among ash gourd inbred lines examined, herein, defined a marker array (combined ISSR and RAPD) for the development of a standard reference for further genetic analyses, and the selection of potential parents for predicting hybrid performance and heterosis. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, New Delhi 110012, India. Indian Agr Res Inst, Natl Res Ctr Plant Biotechnol, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Behera, TK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM behera@wisc.edu NR 34 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 113 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.03.019 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 196XH UT WOS:000248515900001 ER PT J AU Yu, S Vincent, A Opriessnig, T Carpenter, S Kitikoon, P Halburc, PG Thacker, E AF Yu, S. Vincent, A. Opriessnig, T. Carpenter, S. Kitikoon, P. Halburc, P. G. Thacker, E. TI Quantification of PCV2 capsid transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PCV2; real-time RT-PCR ID PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE-2; MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PIGS; REPLICATION; VIRUS; INFECTION; DISEASE; LESIONS; PCR AB The presence of PCV2 DNA or spliced capsid mRNA (Cap mRNA) for viral replication was assessed following addition of PCV2 to resting or concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Real-time PCR or realtime RT-PCR assays were used to measure viral DNA or Cap mRNA, respectively. The study demonstrated that PCV2 replication increased in infected PBMCs over time. Replication within infected PBMCs was significantly (P < 0.05) increased when PBMCs were stimulated with ConA, compared to unstimulated PBMCs. The data showed a strong correlation between the level of PCV2 Cap mRNA and the level of viral DNA in the ConA stimulated PBMCs. Replication of PCV2 was also assessed in T lymphocyte- and monocyte/macrophage-enriched or monocyte/macrophage-depleted PBMC populations which had been stimulated with ConA for 3 days. It was demonstrated that the enriched T lymphocytes and the monocyte/macrophage-depleted PBMCs had significantly higher Cap mRNA and viral DNA levels (P < 0.05) compared to the monocyte/macrophage-enriched population, indicating that in addition to monocytes/macrophages, PCV2 replicates in lymphocytes, particularly T lymphocytes following stimulation. These results suggest that the presence of activated T lymphocytes may play an important role in PCV2 replication and potentially the development of clinical disease. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thacker, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ethacker@iastate.edu RI Opriessnig, Tanja/F-2984-2012 OI Opriessnig, Tanja/0000-0001-9642-0904 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.02.021 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 189MY UT WOS:000247994200004 PM 17418508 ER PT J AU Trout, JM Santin, M Fayer, R AF Trout, James M. Santin, Monica Fayer, Ronald TI Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in adult dairy cows SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; dairy cows; genotype; Giardia spp.; PCR; prevalence ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP.; FARM-ANIMALS; BEEF-CALVES; INFECTION; CATTLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANADA AB The prevalence of Giardia duodenalis genotypes was determined in adult dairy cows. Fecal specimens were collected from two farms each in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Specimens, cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using CsCl density gradient centrifugation, were subjected to PCR and DNA sequence analysis. The prevalence of G. duodenalis infection, ranged from 3% to 64%, with an average prevalence of 27% (144 positive cows out of 541 examined). DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the presence of both Assemblage A and Assemblage E, G. duodenalis. Overall. Assemblage E was present in 25% of all animals tested and Assemblage A was present in 2% of the animals. As a percentage of G. duodenalis isolates, Assemblage E represented 94% and Assemblage A represented 6%. Although, most of the cows were infected with a genotype that is not known to be infectious for humans, adult cows on five farms did harbor varying levels of zoonotic Assemblaae A, G. duodenalis. Therefore, although adult cows do not appear to be a significant source of human infectious cysts in the environment, the risk from this age group should not entirely be discounted. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Trout, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.trout@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.014 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 191KS UT WOS:000248130700001 PM 17566662 ER PT J AU Ribicich, A Gamble, HR Rosa, A Sommerfelt, I Marquez, A Mira, G Cardillo, N Cattaneo, ML Falzoni, E Franco, A AF Ribicich, A. Gamble, H. R. Rosa, A. Sommerfelt, I. Marquez, A. Mira, G. Cardillo, N. Cattaneo, M. L. Falzoni, E. Franco, A. TI Clinical, haematological, biochemical and economic impacts of Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichinellosis; pigs; experimental infection; blood parameters; Trichinella spiralis ID TRICHINOSIS AB The purpose of this work was to assess the clinical, haematological and biochemical responses of pigs experimentally inoculated with Trichinella spiralis. Groups of three pigs were inoculated per os with 100, 500 and 5000 T spiralis muscle larvae, two pigs were used as control. Clinical evaluation of disease in pigs included daily examination, rectal temperature measurements and cardiac and respiration rates. Haematological studies included: hematocrit (%), hemoglobin (g/dl), and white cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil counts. Blood biochemistry included: bun (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), AST (UI/l), ALT (UI/l), CPK (UI/l) and ALP (UI/l). No significant differences were observed in rectal temperature and in cardiac and respiration rates between inoculated animals and the control group (p >= 0.05). Significant differences were detected (p <= 0.05) in the values of % hemoglobin. and eosinophils, as well as in the values of CK, ALP, AST and ALT. The variations observed in some cases were related to the number of T spiralis larvae inoculated and varied with the number of days post-infection. Inoculated pigs showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in weight gain when compared with uninoculated controls. This study has clinical, haematological, and enzyme alterations in Trichinella infected pigs provides a better understanding of acute and chronic trichinellosis in pigs. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Vet, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Catedra Parasitol & Enfermedades Parasitarias, Fac Ciencias Vet, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ribicich, A (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Vet, Chorroarin 280,C1427CWO ciudad, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM mribicich@fvet.uba.ar NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.04.017 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 191KS UT WOS:000248130700009 PM 17543458 ER PT J AU Murphy, B Jasmer, DP White, SN Knowles, D AF Murphy, Brian Jasmer, Douglas P. White, Stephen N. Knowles, Donald TI Localization of a TNF-activated transcription site and interactions with the gamma activated site within the CAEV U3 70 base pair repeat SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAEV; LTR; SPLV promoter; TNF alpha; IFN gamma ID ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; LENTIVIRUS-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; CYTOKINE MESSENGER-RNA; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; CHRONIC DISEASE; VISNA VIRUS; EXPRESSION; GOATS; MACROPHAGES; MONOCYTES AB The cytokines TNF alpha and IFN-gamma have previously been shown to activate caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) transcription. Increased viral titers correlate with increased lesion severity. Therefore, TNFa and IFN gamma may augment the caprine arthritis lesion by increasing viral titers. CAEV transcription is under the control of the viral promoter within the U3 region of the long terminal repeat. A set of U3 deletion mutants was generated and used to establish stably integrated, U937-based cell lines. These cell lines were utilized to define the required promoter sequences for cytokine-induced transcriptional activation. Here we have identified a novel 17 nucleotide TNF-activated site within the U3 region 70 bp repeat which is both required and sufficient in a minimal construct for TNF alpha-induced CAEV transcriptional activation. In contrast to the results of previous studies with IFN gamma, we found that multiple sequences within the U3 region 70 bp repeat were required for IFN-gamma-activation of the CAEV promoter. The results identify previously unrecognized complexity in the CAEV promoter that may be relevant to viral replication and disease. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Murphy, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bgm@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI007025]; NIAMS NIH HHS [5R01AR043718] NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 364 IS 1 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.02.020 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 178CG UT WOS:000247198200022 PM 17382987 ER PT J AU Kavanaugh, CJ Trumbo, PR Ellwood, KC AF Kavanaugh, Claudine J. Trumbo, Paula R. Ellwood, Kathleen C. TI The US food and drug administration's evidence-based review for qualified health claims: Tomatoes, lycopene, and cancer SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Review ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; MULTICENTER CASE-CONTROL; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; DIETARY BETA-CAROTENE; WESTERN NEW-YORK; PROSTATE-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; GASTRIC-CANCER; SERUM CAROTENOIDS AB Several studies have reported an inverse association between tomato and/or lycopene intake and the risk of some types of cancer. In 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received two petitions for qualified health claims regarding tomatoes, lycopene, and the risk reduction for some forms of cancer. Health claims that characterize the relationship between a food or food component and a disease or health-related condition require premarket approval by FDA to be included on the labels of conventional foods and dietary supplements. Here we describe FDA's review of the scientific data for tomato and/or lycopene intake with respect to risk reduction for certain forms of cancer. The FDA found no credible evidence to support an association between lycopene intake and a reduced risk of prostate, lung, colorectal, gastric, breast, ovarian, endometrial, or pancreatic cancer. The FDA also found no credible evidence for an assocaition between tomato consumption and a reduced risk of lung, colorectal, breast, cervical, or endometrial cancer. The FDA found very limited evidence to support an association between tomato consumption and reduced risks of prostate, ovarian, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. C1 USDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kavanaugh, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, HFS-830 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM claudine.kavanaugh@fda.hhs.gov NR 160 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUL 18 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 14 BP 1074 EP 1085 DI 10.1093/jnci/djm037 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 200BD UT WOS:000248738000009 PM 17623802 ER PT J AU Ryu, D Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Le Vine, DM AF Ryu, Dongryeol Jackson, Thomas J. Bindlish, Rajat Le Vine, David M. TI L-band microwave observations over land surface using a two-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; AMSR-E AB Antenna size is a major factor that has limited realization of the potential capabilities of L-band (1.4 GHz) microwave radiometry to estimate surface soil moisture from space. However, emerging interferometric technology, called aperture synthesis, has been developed to address this limitation. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission will apply the technique to monitor these parameters at a global- scale in the near future. The first airborne experiment using an aircraft prototype called the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D- STAR) was performed during Soil Moisture Experiment in 2003 (SMEX03). To gain insight, the L- band brightness temperature data acquired by 2D-STAR in Alabama was compared with C-band data collected simultaneously by another aircraft instrument called the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer ( PSR), and also compared with surface soil moisture measurements from in- situ observations sites. Results show that there was fairly good radiometric sensitivity of the synthetic aperture radiometer to the soil moisture both in pasture and also in forest areas. The overall performance of the L-band synthetic aperture radiometer in the presence of vegetation appears to be better than the C-band real aperture radiometer. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20250 USA. NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrument Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Ryu, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20250 USA. EM tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov RI Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008 OI Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 14 AR L14401 DI 10.1029/2007GL030098 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 193OV UT WOS:000248284800005 ER PT J AU Gargiulo, G Bradford, S Simunek, J Ustohal, P Vereecken, H Klumpp, E AF Gargiulo, G. Bradford, S. Simunek, J. Ustohal, P. Vereecken, H. Klumpp, E. TI Bacteria transport and deposition under unsaturated conditions: The role of the matrix grain size and the bacteria surface protein SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria transport; classical filtration theory; unsaturated flow; Rhodococcus rhodochrous ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; GAS-WATER INTERFACE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ADHESION; MICROORGANISMS; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; HYDROPHOBICITY AB Unsaturated (80% water saturated) packed column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of grain size distribution and bacteria surface macromolecules on bacteria (Rhodococcus rhodochrous) transport and deposition mechanisms. Three sizes of silica sands were used in these transport experiments, and their median grain sizes were 607, 567, and 330 mu m. The amount of retained bacteria increased with decreasing sand size, and most of the deposited bacteria were found adjacent to the column inlet. The deposition profiles were not consistent with predictions based on classical filtration theory. The experimental data could be accurately characterized using a mathematical model that accounted for first-order attachment, detachment, and time and depth-dependent straining processes. Visual observations of the bacteria deposition as well as mathematical modelling indicated that straining was the dominant mechanism of deposition in these sands (78-99.6% of the deposited bacteria), which may have been enhanced due to the tendency of this bacterium to form aggregates. An additional unsaturated experiment was conducted to better deduce the role of bacteria surface macromolecules on attachment and straining processes. In this case, the bacteria surface was treated using a proteolitic enzyme. This technique was assessed by examining the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and hydrophobicity of untreated and enzyme treated cells. Both of these analytical procedures demonstrated that this enzymatic treatment removed the surface proteins and/or associated macromolecules. Transport and modelling studies conducted with the enzyme treated bacteria, revealed a decrease in attachment, but that straining was not significantly affected by this treatment. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG, Agrosphere ICG 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gargiulo, G (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG, Agrosphere ICG 4, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM grazgar@yahoo.it RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 48 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.01.009 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 193RQ UT WOS:000248292400006 PM 17337313 ER PT J AU Lewicki, M Pizzuto, JE Moglen, GE Allmendinger, NE AF Lewicki, Mikolaj Pizzuto, James E. Moglen, Glenn E. Allmendinger, Nicholas E. TI A watershed scale numerical model of the impact of land use change on bed material transport in suburban Maryland, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; MOUNTAIN RIVERS; CHANNEL; URBANIZATION; NETWORK; BASIN; EVOLUTION; STORAGE; EROSION; PULSES AB We predict changes in bed elevation and grain size composition caused by urbanization from 1952 to 1996 in the channel network of the Good Hope Tributary watershed. We developed methods for predicting the influence of urbanization on (1) the 1.5-year peak discharge, (2) the annual sediment supply to the network, and (3) sediment production caused by channel enlargement. The model was calibrated to reproduce bed material yield estimated from a sediment budget. Development caused channel width to increase by a factor of 1.7, and discharge, upland sediment supply, and bed material yield approximately doubled. The longitudinal profile became smoother, and the bed coarsened. After 1996, model boundary conditions were held constant and the simulation continued through 2042. The bed continued to coarsen, and the yield of bed material gradually declined. Sediment production did not approach a steady state value, suggesting that geomorphic recovery from urbanization may require more than 50 years. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Otak Inc, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. RP Lewicki, M (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RI Moglen, Glenn/F-5452-2010; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 AR W07424 DI 10.1029/2006WR004959 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 193RC UT WOS:000248290900002 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Leib, BG Redulla, CA Stevens, RG Mathews, GR Strausz, DA AF Szogi, A. A. Leib, B. G. Redulla, C. A. Stevens, R. G. Mathews, G. R. Strausz, D. A. TI Erosion control practices integrated with polyacrylamide for nutrient reduction in rill irrigation runoff SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE furrow irrigation; rill irrigation; polyacrylamide; erosion control; sediment; nutrients; nitrogen; nitrate; phosphorus; soluble phosphorus ID FURROW IRRIGATION; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; INFILTRATION; WATER; FIELD; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENT; SEDIMENT AB The objective of this research was to assess soil conservation practices for improving water quality of return flows from rill irrigation in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, by combining patch application of polyacrylamide (PAM) with an additional erosion control practice. A 2-year field study was conducted that combined PAM with (1) check dams, (2) surge irrigation, (3) surface drains, and (4) grass filter strips. The study was conducted at three sites: two vineyards (A and B) with silt loam soils at 1.2% slope and a cornfield with sandy loam soils at 0.2% slope. During irrigation events, water samples and flow records were taken at periodic intervals from each treatment to determine nutrient concentrations and loads (total nitrogen (TN), total Kjeldahl N (TKN), nitrate-N (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), particulate P (PP), soluble phosphorus (SP), and sediment load (SL)). For all treatments and sites, TN and TP concentrations were compared to USEPA value concentrations in streams of the Xeric West for full support of aquatic life and drinking water standards. Results showed that TN exceeded the USEPA-reference condition of 0.36 mg TN/L in all samples, while 96% of the samples exceeded the USEPA-recommended TP concentration value of 0.1 mg/L. All samples showed NO3-N concentrations below the USEPA drinking-water standard of 10 mg/L. The only nutrient component in irrigation runoff that was strongly related to SL was PP concentration (r = 0.87). For TKN, significant concentration and load reduction between control and the other four erosion control practices (P < 0.05) occurred only in vineyard A. As for PP, the four PAM integrated control practices showed statistically significant effects with respect to the PAM control in vineyard B only. Although PAM is an excellent practice to control soil erosion with widespread adoption, additional off-site treatment may be needed for nutrient concentrations in irrigation return flows to meet reference conditions that would fully support aquatic life. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM ariel.szogi@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.04.003 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 190AB UT WOS:000248029000005 ER PT J AU Wang, JM Miller, DR Sammis, TW Gutschick, VP Simmons, LJ Andales, AA AF Wang, Junming Miller, David R. Sammis, Ted W. Gutschick, Vince P. Simmons, Luke J. Andales, Allan A. TI Energy balance measurements and a simple model for estimating pecan water use efficiency SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; oasis advection; consumptive water use; energy budget; model; water use efficiency ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; IRRIGATED PECANS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL-WATER; HEAT-FLUX; TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ACCLIMATION; VEGETATION; ORCHARD AB Plant water use efficiency (WUE) is defined as the net dry matter production (DM) per unit of consumptive water use. It is a vital variable for plant growth, yield, and irrigation-management models. Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] WUE has been estimated for above ground biomass growth using evapotranspiration (ET) and DM data measured separately in different experiments. The WUE for whole pecan trees (including above and below ground parts), a direct measurement (ET and DM measured in one experiment), and a simple model for WUE based on weather conditions, are currently lacking. A 16.5 m walk-up tower in a flood irrigated pecan orchard, located in the Mesilla Valley of NM, was instrumented with energy budget and eddy flux sensors. Continuous, above canopy measurements of vertical fluxes of sensible heat, H2O vapor, and CO2 were made by the eddy covariance technique in growing seasons from 2002 to 2005. ET was calculated from vapor flux. DM production was calculated from CO2 flux assuming that dry matter of pecan trees was 46.4% carbon. During the growing seasons (May through November), the mean ET was 122.7 cm (48 inch) per season; the mean dry matter production for the whole trees was 22082.3 kg ha(-1) (19684.4 lb acre(-1)) per season. The average seasonal water use efficiency for the whole trees was 179.7 kg ha(-1) cm(-1) (406.5 lbs acre(-1) inch(-1)). In 'on' years (high-yield years) 13.8% of the dry matter produced was allocated to the harvested nut crop, while in 'off' years only 8.0% was so allocated. Similarly, the nut WUE as nut yield per unit water used (as cm depth) was higher in 'on' years, at 26.2 kg nuts ha(-1) cm(-1) versus 14.9 kg nuts ha(-1) cm(-1). A simple model for monthly VTUE (kg ha(-1) cm(-1)) as a function of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and relative humidity (RH) was obtained. It is anticipated that the measured WUE, the simple WUE model, and other data obtained in this study will be useful in developing and validating pecan growth, yield, and irrigation -management models. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wang, JM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, Box 30003,MSC3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jwang@nmsu.edu RI Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.003 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 190AB UT WOS:000248029000011 ER PT J AU Miller, O Fuller, FJ Gebreyes, WA Lewbart, GA Shchelkunov, IS Shivappa, RB Joiner, C Woolford, G Stone, DM Dixon, PF Raley, ME Levine, JF AF Miller, O. Fuller, F. J. Gebreyes, W. A. Lewbart, G. A. Shchelkunov, I. S. Shivappa, R. B. Joiner, C. Woolford, G. Stone, D. M. Dixon, P. F. Raley, M. E. Levine, J. F. TI Phylogenetic analysis of spring virema of carp virus reveals distinct subgroups with common origins for recent isolates in North America and the UK SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE spring viremia of carp; SVCV; phosphoprotein gene; glycoprotein gene; phylogenetic analysis; molecular epidemiology ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; FISH RHABDOVIRUSES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; SVCV; JUNCTIONS AB Genetic relationships between 35 spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) genogroup Ia isolates were determined based on the nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (P) gene and glycoprotein (G) genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on P gene sequences revealed 2 distinct subgroups within SVCV genogroup la, designated SVCV Iai and Iaii, and suggests at least 2 independent introductions of the virus into the USA in 2002. Combined P- and G -sequence data support the emergence of SVCV in Illinois, USA, and in Lake Ontario, Canada, from the initial outbreak in Wisconsin, USA, and demonstrate a close genetic link to viruses isolated during routine import checks on fish brought into the UK from Asia. The data also showed a genetic link between SVCV isolations made in Missouri and Washington, USA, in 2004 and the earlier isolation made in North Carolina, USA, in 2002. However, based on the close relationship to a 2004 UK isolate, the data suggest than the Washington isolate represents a third introduction into the US from a common source, rather than a reemergence from the 2002 isolate. There was strong phylogenetic support for an Asian origin for 9 of 16 UK viruses isolated either from imported fish, or shown to have been in direct contact with fish imported from Asia. In one case, there was 100% nucleotide identity in the G-gene with a virus isolated in China. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. All Russia Res Inst Freshwater Fisheries, Dmitrov Region 141821, Moscow Province, Russia. CEFAS, Weymouth DT5 8UB, Dorset, England. RP Miller, O (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM otis.miller@aphis.usda.gov NR 37 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.3354/dao076193 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 200FJ UT WOS:000248749000003 PM 17803105 ER PT J AU Molina, R White, R AF Molina, Randy White, Rachel TI Managing biodiversity in pacific northwest forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Molina, R (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM molinar@onid.orst.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.045 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800001 ER PT J AU Marcot, BG AF Marcot, Bruce G. TI Biodiversity and the lexicon zoo SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE biodiversity; ecosystem management; ecosystem integrity; sustainability; ecosystem services; ecosystem stability; disturbance ID FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT; ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; PLANT DIVERSITY; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; EXTINCTION DEBT AB Ecologists and natural resource managers struggle to define and relate biodiversity, biocomplexity, ecological integrity, ecosystem services, and related concepts; to describe effects of disturbance dynamics on biodiversity; and to understand how biodiversity relates to resilience, resistance, and stability of ecosystems and sustainability of resource conditions. Further diversifying this "lexicon zoo" are the ecological roles of rare species and refugia, and measures of surrogates and indicators of biodiversity parameters. To impart order on this lexicon zoo, a "concept map" framework is suggested for clearly defining biodiversity parameters and related terms, relating biodiversity to ecosystem services and sustainability, describing how disturbance affects biodiversity, and identifying biodiversity parameters for management and monitoring. Many relations among these concepts are poorly understood in managed forest environments and are presented here as testable tenets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM bmarcot@fs.fed.us NR 138 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.046 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800002 ER PT J AU Charnley, S Fischer, AP Jones, ET AF Charnley, Susan Fischer, A. Paige Jones, Eric T. TI Integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into forest biodiversity conservation in the Pacific Northwest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE traditional ecological knowledge; Pacific Northwest forest management; biodiversity conservation; American Indians; family forest owners; nontimber forest product harvesters ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; CROSS-BOUNDARY COOPERATION; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; OWNERS; LAND; LANDOWNERS; OREGON; NIPF; COMANAGEMENT; WASHINGTON AB The potential for traditional and local ecological knowledge to contribute to biodiversity conservation has been widely recognized, but the actual application of this knowledge to biodiversity conservation is not easy. This paper synthesizes literature about traditional and local ecological knowledge and forest management in the Pacific Northwest to evaluate what is needed to accomplish this goal. We address three topics: (1) views and values people have relating to biodiversity; (2) the resource use and management practices of local forest users, and their effects on biodiversity; (3) models for integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into biodiversity conservation on public and private lands. We focus on the ecological knowledge of forest users belonging to three groups who inhabit the region: American Indians, family forest owners, and commercial nontimber forest product harvesters. We argue that integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into forest biodiversity conservation is most likely to be successful if the knowledge holders are directly engaged as active participants in these efforts. Although several promising models exist for how to integrate traditional and local ecological knowledge into forest management, a number of social, economic, and policy constraints have prevented this knowledge from flourishing and being applied. These constraints should be addressed alongside any strategy for knowledge integration. Also needed is more information about how different groups of forest practitioners are currently implementing traditional and local ecological knowledge in forest use and management, and what the ecological outcomes are with regard to biodiversity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Culture & Ecol, Portland, OR 97228 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us NR 111 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 14 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.047 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800003 ER PT J AU Kerns, BK Ager, A AF Kerns, Becky K. Ager, Alan TI Risk assessment for biodiversity conservation planning in Pacific Northwest forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE loss function; multiple threats; probabilistic; spatially explicit; uncertainty; tradeoffs ID NORTHERN ARIZONA; PLANT INVASIONS; SIERRA-NEVADA; FIRE; MANAGEMENT; USA; UNCERTAINTY; WASHINGTON; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Risk assessment can provide a robust strategy for landscape-scale planning challenges associated with species conservation and habitat protection in Pacific Northwest forests. We provide an overview of quantitative and probabilistic ecological risk assessment with focus on the application of approaches and influences from the actuarial, financial, and technical engineering fields. Within this context, risk refers to exposure to the chance of loss and typically involves likelihood estimates associated with outcomes. Risk assessment can be used to evaluate threats and uncertainty by providing: (1) an estimation of the likelihood and severity of species, population, or habitat loss or gain, (2) a better understanding of the potential tradeoffs associated with management activities, and (3) tangible socioeconomic integration. Our discussion is focused on threats identified as important influences on forest biodiversity in the region: natural, altered, and new disturbance regimes, and alien and invasive species. We identify and discuss three key challenges and opportunities specific to these threats and quantitative and probabilistic approaches to risk assessment: (1) endpoint selection and calculation of net value change, (2) probability calculations and stochastic spatial processes, and (3) evaluation of multiple interacting threats. Quantitative and probabilistic risk assessment can help bridge the current gap between information provided by general assessment and planning procedures and the more detailed information needs of decision and policy makers. However, management decisions may still fail to win public approval because important risks and issues can be missed or perceived differently by stakeholders. Stakeholder involvement at the inception of a risk assessment can help attenuate these problems. Stakeholder involvement also provides opportunities to communicate information that can influence public risk perceptions and attitudes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. RP Kerns, BK (reprint author), Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3160 NE 3rd St, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. EM bkerns@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.049 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800005 ER PT J AU Ager, AA Finney, MA Kerns, BK Maffei, H AF Ager, Alan A. Finney, Mark A. Kerns, Becky K. Maffei, Helen TI Modeling wildfire risk to northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) habitat in Central Oregon, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE wildfire risk; expected loss; northern spotted owl; wildfire simulation; forest vegetation simulator; FlamMap; conservation planning ID FUEL TREATMENT; UNITED-STATES; FIRE GROWTH; SHORT-TERM; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION; PATTERNS; FORESTS; RANGE AB Natural disturbances including wildfire, insects and disease are a growing threat to the remaining late successional forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA. These forests are a cornerstone of the region's ecological diversity and provide essential habitat to a number of rare terrestrial and aquatic species including the endangered northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Wildfires in particular have reduced the amount of late successional forests over the past decade, prompting land managers to expand investments in forest management in an attempt to slow losses and mitigate wildfire risk. Much of the emphasis is focused specifically on late successional reserves established under the Northwest Forest Plan to provide habitat for spotted owls. In this paper, we demonstrate a probabilistic risk analysis system for quantifying wildfire threats to spotted owl habitat and comparing the efficacy of fuel treatment scenarios. We used wildfire simulation methods to calculate spatially explicit probabilities of habitat loss for fuel treatment scenarios on a 70,245 ha study area in Central Oregon, USA. We simulated 1000 wildfires with randomly located ignitions and weather conditions that replicated a recent large fire within the study area. A flame length threshold for each spotted owl habitat stand was determined using the forest vegetation simulator and used to predict the proportion of fires that resulted in habitat loss. Wildfire modeling revealed a strong spatial pattern in burn probability created by natural fuel breaks (lakes and lava flows). We observed a non-linear decrease in the probability of habitat loss with increasing treatment area. Fuels treatments on a relatively minor percentage of the forested landscape (20%) resulted in a 44% decrease in the probability of spotted owl habitat loss averaged over all habitat stands. The modeling system advances the application of quantitative and probabilistic risk assessment for habitat and species conservation planning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Ager, AA (reprint author), Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3160 NE 3rd St, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. EM aager@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.070 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800006 ER PT J AU Vavra, M Parks, CG Wisdom, MJ AF Vavra, Marty Parks, Catherine G. Wisdom, Michael J. TI Biodiversity, exotic plant species, and herbivory: The good, the bad, and the ungulate SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE disturbance; competition; grazing; exotic plants; biological diversity; ungulates; herbivory ID LEAFY SPURGE SEED; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NATIONAL-PARK; DEER; INVASIONS; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; DISPERSAL AB Invasion of natural ecosystems by exotic plant species is a major threat to biodiversity. Disturbance to native plant communities, whether natural or management induced, is a primary factor contributing to successful invasion by exotic plant species. Herbivory by both wild and domestic ungulates exerts considerable impact on structure and composition of native plant communities. Intensive herbivory by ungulates can enhance exotic plant invasion, establishment, and spread for three reasons: (1) many exotic plants are adapted to ground disturbances such as those caused by ungulate feeding, trampling, and movements; (2) many exotic plants are adapted for easy transport from one area to another by ungulates via endozoochory and epizoochory; (3) many exotic plants are not palatable or are of low palatability to ungulates, and consequently, their survival is favored as ungulates reduce or eliminate palatable, native plants. Ungulate herbivory is a chronic, landscape-scale disturbance capable of influencing plant communities as much as episodic events such as fire. Consequently, ungulate herbivory has the potential to facilitate the invasion and establishment of exotic plants in the interior Pacific Northwest where ungulates occupy nearly every ecosystem. Moreover, ungulate herbivory has intensified in many ecosystems, owing to the addition of domestic ungulates with that of existing, wild ungulates, coupled with the reduction or elimination of migratory movements and predators that previously regulated wild ungulate populations and influenced their distributions. Despite the observational evidence for ungulate herbivory as a strong facilitator of exotic plant invasion and establishment, current knowledge of cause-effect relations is severely limited by a lack of manipulative experiments. Most studies have been observational, unreplicated, and lack the experimental controls needed to eliminate or account for confounding sources of variation. Heightened attention to conservation of biodiversity will increase the importance of managing ungulates in balance with the plant communities that support them. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Vavra, M (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mvavra@fs.fed.us NR 67 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.051 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800008 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, JF Kennedy, M Ford, ED Singleton, PH Gaines, WL Lind, RL AF Lehmkuhl, John F. Kennedy, Maureen Ford, E. David Singleton, Peter H. Gaines, William L. Lind, Rick L. TI Seeing the forest for the fuel: Integrating ecological values and fuels management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE dry forest; ecosystem values; fuel management; optimization modeling; restoration; northern spotted owl ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; EASTERN WASHINGTON; SIERRA-NEVADA; FIRE; USA; POPULATIONS; PRINCIPLES; REDUCTION; PRESCRIPTIONS AB Management of dry forests often involves trade-offs between ecological values, particularly those associated with closed-canopy forests, and reduction of severe wildlife risk. We review principles and our ecological research that can be used to design stand- and landscape-level fuel treatments in dry coniferous forests of western North America. The focus of ecological values is on the ecological web that includes the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), its two primary prey species the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) and bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea). and the vegetation (live and dead), mycorrhizal fungi, and arboreal lichens that support those prey species. For the landscape level, we describe an ongoing project to develop the FuelSolve computer tool that optimizes the area and location of a fuel treatment by minimizing p potential fire behavior and minimizing loss of spotted owl habitat from treatment and potential fire. Some species will gain and some species will lose habitat when stand structure or composition is changed during fuel reduction treatments. Stand-level prescriptions might be altered to maintain or create patchiness of closed-canopy habitat elements, such as snags, down wood, mistletoe-infected trees, and large old trees, and open-canopy habitats can be tailored to ensure creation of suitable composition and structure for wildlife. Allocation of treatments across the landscape might be managed to minimize cumulative effects and impacts on target species populations. General approaches to landscape-level planning of ecologically sound fuel treatments include coarse- and fine-filter approaches. A coarse-filter approach would use some definition of the historical or natural range of variability to define the composition and pattern that might reasonably be expected to sustain the forest ecosystem. Three general approaches can inform fine-filter analysis and development of fuel reduction treatments at the landscape level. Population viability analysis provides sound principles based on attributes of the species population structure, life history and behavior, and environment (habitat) for guiding fine-filter analysis. Fine-filter analysis can be informed by operational modeling of treatment alternatives. Research publications can guide dry forest landscape management. Our FuelSolve optimization model described in this paper differs from other fuel planning models in this class by equally considering multiple optimization objectives for fuel treatment and ecologically important resources. We describe the results of FuelSolve prototype development, an evaluation of outputs for field use, and future development efforts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Tonasket, WA 98855 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, JF (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM jlehnikuhl@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.071 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800009 ER PT J AU Olson, DH Anderson, PD Frissell, CA Welsh, HH Bradford, DF AF Olson, Deanna H. Anderson, Paul D. Frissell, Christopher A. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Bradford, David F. TI Biodiversity management approaches for stream-riparian areas: Perspectives for Pacific Northwest headwater forests, microclimates, and amphibians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE riparian buffers; riparian patch reserves; amphibians; stream and riparian microclfinates; connectivity; riparian forest management approaches ID OREGON COAST RANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; SALAMANDERS DICAMPTODON-TENEBROSUS; ZERO-ORDER BASINS; WESTERN OREGON; BUFFER WIDTH; OLD-GROWTH; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Stream-riparian areas represent a nexus of biodiversity, with disproportionate numbers of species tied to and interacting within this key habitat. New research in Pacific Northwest headwater forests, especially the characterization of microclimates and amphibian distributions, is expanding our perspective of riparian zones. and suggests the need for alternative designs to manage stream-riparian zones and their adjacent uplands. High biodiversity in riparian areas can be attributed to cool moist conditions, high productivity and complex habitat. All 47 northwestern amphibian species have stream-riparian associations, with a third being obligate forms to general stream-riparian areas, and a quarter with life histories reliant on headwater landscapes in particular. Recent recognition that stream-breeding amphibians can disperse hundreds of meters into uplands implies that connectivity among neighboring drainages may be important to their population structures and dynamics. Microclimate studies substantiate a "stream effect" of cool moist conditions permeating upslope into warmer, drier forests. We review forest management approaches relative to headwater riparian areas in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and we propose scenarios designed to retain all habitats used by amphibians with complex life histories. These include a mix of riparian and upslope management approaches to address the breeding, foraging, overwintering, and dispersal functions of these animals. We speculate that the stream microclimate effect can partly counterbalance edge effects imposed by upslope forest disturbances. hence appropriately sized and managed riparian buffers can protect suitable microclimates at streams and within riparian forests. We propose one approach that focuses habitat conservation in headwater areas - where present management allows extensive logging - on sensitive target species. such as tailed frogs and torrent salamanders that often occur patchily. Assuming both high patchiness and some concordance among the distribution of sensitive species, protecting areas with higher abundances of these animals could justify less protection of currently unoccupied or low-density habitats. where more intensive forest management for timber production could occur. Also, we outline an approach that protects juxtaposed headwater patches, retaining connectivity among sub-drainages using a 6th-field watershed spatial scale for assuring well-distributed protected areas across forested landscapes. However, research is needed to test this approach and to determine whether it is sufficient to buffer downstream water quality and habitat from impacts of headwater management. Offering too-sparse protection everywhere is likely insufficient to conserve headwater habitats and biodiversity, while our alternative targeted protection of selected headwaters does not bind the entire forest landscape into a biodiversity reserve. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific Rivers Council, Polson, MT 59860 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Olson, DH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dedeolson@fs.fed.us NR 175 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 17 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 81 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.053 PG 27 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800010 ER PT J AU Garber, L Hill, G Rodriguez, J Gregory, G Voelker, L AF Garber, L. Hill, G. Rodriguez, J. Gregory, G. Voelker, L. TI Non-commercial poultry industries: Surveys of back-yard and gamefowl breeder flocks in the United States SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE backyard flocks; gamefowl; poultry; biosecurity; National Animal Health Monitoring System; survey ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; HEALTH AB The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Poultry '04 study was conducted to better describe non-commercial United States poultry populations, in particular, backyard and gamefowl breeder flocks. To estimate the density of backyard flocks in close proximity to commercial operations, a sample of 350 commercial poultry operations in 18 top poultry producing states was selected from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) list of poultry operations. A 1 mile radius circle was drawn around each operation, and door-to-door canvassing was conducted within these circles to enumerate premises with all species of birds. Premises with backyard poultry flocks completed a questionnaire focusing on bird health, bird movement, and biosecurity practices. A similar questionnaire, provided in both English and Spanish, was mailed to all members of State affiliates of the United Gamefowl Breeders Association (UGBA) as well as to members of State associations not affiliated with UGBA. An average of 29.4 residences was found within a 1 mile radius of commercial operations, of which 1.9 residences per circle had backyard poultry flocks. Gamefowl breeder flocks were larger, used more health care and biosecurity practices, and moved birds more frequently compared to backyard flocks. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv,Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv,Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Garber, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv,Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lindsey.P.Garber@aphis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 2-3 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.01.012 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 168NZ UT WOS:000246532600003 PM 17337307 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, N Tsuji, K Muul, LM Lawler, AM Petricoin, EF Candotti, F Metcalf, JA Tavel, JA Lane, HC Urba, WJ Fox, BA Varki, A Lunney, JK Rosenberg, AS AF Sakamoto, Norihisa Tsuji, Kazuhide Muul, Linda M. Lawler, Ann M. Petricoin, Emanuel F. Candotti, Fabio Metcalf, Julia A. Tavel, Jorge A. Lane, H. Clifford Urba, Walter J. Fox, Bernard A. Varki, Ajit Lunney, Joan K. Rosenberg, Amy S. TI Bovine apolipoprotein B-100 is a dominant immunogen in therapeutic cell populations cultured in fetal calf serum in mice and humans SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; STROMAL CELLS; GENE-THERAPY; SIALIC-ACID; T-CELLS; ANTIBODIES; EXPANSION; IDENTIFICATION; VACCINATION AB Recent studies have demonstrated that cell populations intended for therapeutic purposes that are cultured in heterologous animal products can acquire xenoantigens, potentially limiting their utility. In investigations of the immune response to murine embryonic stem cells, we found that a strong antibody response was generated after the second infusion. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody responses, derived from immunized mice, were found to be specific for bovine apolipoprotein B-100, which binds to abundant low-density lipoprotein receptors on the cell surface and is internalized. Here we show that in the majority of patients administered 3 different types of cell-based therapies using cells grown in fetal calf serum-containing media, an antibody response to bovine apolipoprotein B-100 develops after the second infusion and is the dominant specificity. The known and potential clinical effects of such antibodies are discussed. C1 US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Therapeut Prot, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Okayama Univ, Sch Med & Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Dermatol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. NHGRI, Genet & Mol Biol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Transgen Mouse Facil, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Appl Proteom & Mol Med, Dept Mol & Microbiol, Manassas, VA 22030 USA. NIAID, Immunoregulat Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Robert W Franz Canc Res Ctr, Lab Mol & Tumor Immunol, Earle Chiles Res Inst, Providence Portland Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Glycobiol Res & Training Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosenberg, AS (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Therapeut Prot, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM amy.rosenberg@fda.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 35 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 2 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1182/blood-2007-07-066522 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 191EH UT WOS:000248112400011 PM 17395779 ER PT J AU Ahuja, LR Hatfield, JL AF Ahuja, L. R. Hatfield, J. L. TI Integrating soil and crop research with system models in the midwest USA: Purpose and overview of the Special Issue SO GEODERMA LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; NO3-N LEACHING LOSSES; LIQUID SWINE MANURE; QUALITY MODEL; IOWA SOIL; TILLAGE; TRANSPORT; NITRATE; MANAGEMENT; GLEAMS C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM laj.ahuja@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.006 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900001 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Ma, L Karlen, DL Meade, T Meek, D Heilman, P Kanwar, RS Hatfield, JL AF Malone, R. W. Ma, L. Karlen, D. L. Meade, T. Meek, D. Heilman, P. Kanwar, R. S. Hatfield, J. L. TI Empirical analysis and prediction of nitrate loading and crop yield for corn-soybean rotations SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE multivariate polynomial regression; tile flow; subsurface drainage; drainage index; management effects ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; FERTILIZER RATE; NITROGEN; SOIL; TILLAGE; TEMPERATURE; WEATHER; MODEL; NO3-N; VARIABILITY AB Nitrate nitrogen losses through subsurface drainage and crop yield are determined by multiple climatic and management variables. The combined and interactive effects of these variables, however, are poorly understood. Our objective is to predict crop yield, nitrate concentration, drainage volume, and nitrate loss in subsurface drainage from a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation as a function of rainfall amount, soybean yield for the year before the corn-soybean sequence being evaluated, N source, N rate, and timing of N application in northeastern Iowa, U.S.A. Ten years of data (1994-2003) from a long-term study near Nashua, Iowa were used to develop multivariate polynomial regression equations describing these variables. The regression equations described over 87, 85, 94, 76, and 95% of variation in soybean yield, corn yield, subsurface drainage, nitrate concentration, and nitrate loss in subsurface drainage, respectively. A two-year rotation under average soil, average climatic conditions, and 125 kg N/ha application was predicted to loose 29, 37, 36, and 30 kg N/ha in subsurface drainage for early-spring swine manure, fall-applied swine manure, early-spring UAN fertilizer, and late-spring split UAN fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate), respectively. Predicted corn yields were 10.0 and 9.7 Mg/ha for the swine manure and UAN sources applied at 125 kg N/ha. Timing of application (i.e., fall or spring) did not significantly affect corn yield. These results confirm other research suggesting that manure application can result in less nitrate leaching than UAN (e.g., 29 vs. 36 kg N/ha), and that spring application reduces nitrate leaching compared to fall application (e.g., 29 vs. 37 kg N/ha). The regression equations improve our understanding of nitrate leaching, offer a simple method to quantify potential N losses from Midwestern corn-soybean rotations under the climate, soil, and management conditions of the Nashua field experiment; and are a step toward development of easy to use N management tools. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM malone@nsl.gov NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.007 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900002 ER PT J AU Bakhsh, A Kanwar, RS Malone, RW AF Bakhsh, A. Kanwar, R. S. Malone, R. W. TI Role of landscape and hydrologic attributes in developing and interpreting yield clusters SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE yield; soil; topography; GIS; subsurface drainage ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NO3-N LEACHING LOSSES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT ZONES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOYBEAN YIELD; WHEAT YIELD; CORN; NITRATE AB Management of agricultural fields based on yield patterns may help farmers adopt environmentally friendly farming practices. Our objective was to investigate landscape and hydrologic attributes that affect spatial clusters of corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) yields. The study was conducted at Iowa State University's northeastern research center near Nashua, Iowa, from 1993 to 1998. The yield data, normalized for annual climatic variability, were used in cluster and discriminant analysis, and the landscape and hydrologic data were overlain using ArcGIS 2 software. Three clusters of low, medium and high categories were formed using 10 iterations with zero convergence options and satisfying the R pseudo F-statistic and cubic clustering criteria. The spatial clusters, however, varied greatly over space and time domain for the study period. The map overlay analysis using ArcGIS showed that high yield clusters were affected by soil and lower elevation levels in the below average precipitation year of 1994. The annual normalized subsurface drainage volume, nitrate leaching losses, soil type and topographic attributes of slope, aspect, and curvature were used in stepwise discriminant analysis to identify the variables significantly related to the clusters. Soil and topographic attributes of curvature and aspect contributed significantly in cluster formations for four of the six years at P <= 0.15. The results suggest that cluster and discriminant analysis can be useful for identification of soil and topographic attributes affecting corn and soybean yield patterns, which can help in delineation of management zones for site specific management practices. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kanwar, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rskanwar@iastate.edu NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.008 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900003 ER PT J AU Ma, L Malone, RW Heilman, P Karlen, DL Kanwar, RS Cambardella, CA Saseendran, SA Ahuja, LR AF Ma, L. Malone, R. W. Heilman, P. Karlen, D. L. Kanwar, R. S. Cambardella, C. A. Saseendran, S. A. Ahuja, L. R. TI RZWQM simulation of long-term crop production, water and nitrogen balances in Northeast Iowa SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE subsurface drainage; N loading; tile flow; agricultural systems modeling; agricultural management; tillage; crop rotation ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; FIELD-MEASURED DATA; QUALITY MODEL; ATRAZINE TRANSPORT; NO3-N TRANSPORT; FLOW COMPONENT; SWINE MANURE; LEAF-AREA; SOIL; TILLAGE AB Agricultural system models are tools to represent and understand major processes and their interactions in agricultural systems. We used the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) with 26 years of data from a study near Nashua, IA to evaluate year to year crop yield, water, and N balances. The model was calibrated using data from one 0.4 ha plot and evaluated by comparing simulated values with data from 29 of the 36 plots at the same research site (six were excluded). The dataset contains measured tile flow that varied considerably from plot to plot so we calibrated total tile flow amount by adjusting a lateral hydraulic gradient term for subsurface lateral flow below tiles for each plot. Keeping all other soil and plant parameters constant, RZWQM correctly simulated year to year variations in tile flow (r(2) = 0.74) and N loading in tile flow (r(2) = 0.71). Yearly crop yield variation was simulated with less satisfaction (r(2) = 0.52 for com and r(2) = 0.37 for soybean) although the average yields were reasonably simulated. Root mean square errors (RMSE) for simulated soil water storage, water table, and annual tile flow were 3.0, 22.1, and 5.6 cm, respectively. These values were close to the average RMSE for the measured data between replicates (3.0, 22.4, and 5.7 cm, respectively). RMSE values for simulated annual N loading and residual soil N were 16.8 and 47.0 kg N ha(-1), respectively, which were much higher than the average RMSE for measurements among replicates (7.8 and 38.8 kg N ha(-1), respectively). The high RMSE for N simulation might be caused by high simulation errors in plant N uptake. Simulated com (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields had high RMSE (1386 and 674 kg ha(-1)) with coefficient of variations (CV) of 0.19 and 0.25, respectively. Further improvements were needed for better simulating plant N uptake and yield, but overall, results for annual tile flow and annual N loading in tile flow were acceptable. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.009 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900004 ER PT J AU Ma, L Malone, RW Heilman, P Jaynes, DB Ahuja, LR Saseendran, SA Kanwar, RS Ascough, JC AF Ma, L. Malone, R. W. Heilman, P. Jaynes, D. B. Ahuja, L. R. Saseendran, S. A. Kanwar, R. S. Ascough, J. C., II TI RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE management effects; system models; water quality; tile drainage; N leaching ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; FIELD-MEASURED DATA; TILE DRAINAGE; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; ATRAZINE TRANSPORT; SUBSURFACE DRAINS; TABLE MANAGEMENT; CONTINUOUS CORN; HYBRID MODEL AB Accurate simulation of agricultural management effects on N loss in tile drainage is vitally important for understanding hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. An experimental study was initiated in 1978 at Nashua, Iowa of the USA to study long-term effects of tillage, crop rotation, and N management practices on subsurface drainage flow and associated N losses. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was applied to evaluate various management effects in several previous studies. In this study, the simulation results were further analyzed for management effects (tillage, crop rotation, and controlled drainage) on crop production and N loss in drain flow. RZWQM simulated the observed increase in N concentration in drain flow with increasing tillage intensity from NT (no-till) to RT (ridge till) to CP (chisel plow) and to MP (moldboard plow). It also adequately simulated tillage effects on yearly drain flow and yearly N loss in drain flow. However, the model failed to simulate lower corn and soybean yields under NT than under MP, CP, and RT. On the other hand, RZWQM adequately simulated lower yearly drain flow and lower flow-weighted N concentration in drain flow under CS (corn-soybean) and SC (soybean-corn) than under CC (continuous corn). The model adequately simulated higher corn yield under CS and SC than under CC, Applying the newly suggested N management practice for the Midwest of controlled drainage, the model simulated a 30% reduction in drain flow and a 29% decrease in N losses in drain flow under controlled drainage (CD) compared to free drainage (FID). With most of the simulations in reasonably close agreement with observations, we concluded that RZWQM is a promising tool for quantifying the relative effects of tillage, crop rotation, and controlled drainage on N loss in drainage flow. Further improvements on simulated management effects on crop yield and N mineralization are needed, however. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 260 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.010 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900005 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Ma, L Heilman, P Karlen, DL Kanwar, RS Hatfield, JL AF Malone, R. W. Ma, L. Heilman, P. Karlen, D. L. Kanwar, R. S. Hatfield, J. L. TI Simulated N management effects on corn yield and tile-drainage nitrate loss SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE RZWQM; crop rotation; manure management; late spring N test; split application ID SWINE MANURE APPLICATION; WATER-QUALITY MODEL; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; NITROGEN APPLICATION; ATRAZINE TRANSPORT; SPRING APPLICATION; SOYBEAN ROTATION; NO3-N TRANSPORT; FLOW COMPONENT; IOWA SOIL AB Thoroughly tested simulation models are needed to help quantify the long-term effects of agriculture. We evaluated the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) response to different N management strategies and then used the tested model with observed weather data from 196 1 2003 to quantify long-term effects on corn (Zea mays L.) yield and flow weighted nitrate-N concentration in subsurface "tile" drainage water (Nconc). Fourteen years (1990-2003) of field data from 30, 0.4 ha plots in northeast Iowa were available for model testing. Annual crop yield, nitrate-N loss to subsurface "tile" drainage water (Nloss), Nconc, and subsurface "tile" drainage amount (drain) for various management scenarios were averaged over plots and years to create five chemical fertilizer and five swine manure treatments. Predicted corn yield and Nconc for the 10 treatments were significantly correlated with observed data (R-2 > 0.83). The Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) were 15% and 18% of its observed average Nconc for chemical fertilizer and manure treatments, respectively. Corresponding RMSEs for com yields were 8% and 10% of its observed average com yields for chemical fertilizer and manure treatments. The long-term simulations indicate that average corn yield plateaus and Moss accelerates as quadratic functions of increasing spring UAN-N rates from 100 to 200 kg N/ha. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sowed after corn and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] harvest was predicted to reduce long-term Nloss by 5 to 6 kg N/ha, which appears consistent with published field studies and may be a treatment to ameliorate agricultural management with potential for elevated Nloss such as swine manure application to soybean. The results suggest that after calibration and thorough testing, RZWQM can be used to quantify the relative effects of corn production and Nconc under several alternative management practices. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM malone@nstl.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 272 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.011 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900006 ER PT J AU Ma, L Malone, RW Heilman, P Ahuja, LR Meade, T Saseendran, SA Ascough, JC AF Ma, L. Malone, R. W. Heilman, P. Ahuja, L. R. Meade, T. Saseendran, S. A. Ascough, J. C., II TI Sensitivity of tile drainage flow and crop yield on measured and calibrated soil hydraulic properties SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE subsurface drainage; N loading; tile flow; agricultural systems modeling; water table; water balance; nitrogen balance ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; NO3-N TRANSPORT; HYBRID MODEL; RZWQM; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATION; PARAMETERS; MANAGEMENT; FIELD AB Process-based agricultural system models require detailed description of soil hydraulic properties that are usually not available. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity of model simulation results to variability in measured soil hydraulic properties and to compare simulation results using measured and default soil parameters. To do so, we measured soil water retention curves and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) from intact soil cores taken from a long-term experimental field near Nashua, Iowa for the Kenyon-Clyde-Floyd-Readlyn soil association. The soil water retention curves could be well described using the pore size distribution index (A). Measured A values from undisturbed soil cores ranged from 0.04 to 0.12 and the measured K-sat values ranged from 1.8 to 14.5 cm/h. These hydraulic properties were then used to calibrate the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for simulating soil water content, water table, tile drain flow, and crop yield (corn and soybean) by optimizing the lateral K-sat (LKsat) and hydraulic gradient (HG) for subsurface lateral flow. The measured soil parameters provided better simulations of soil water storage, water table, and N loss in tile flow than using the default soil parameters based on soil texture classes in RZWQM. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for LKsat, saturated soil water content (theta(s)) or drainable porosity, LKsat,, and HG using the Latin Hypercubic Sampling (LHS) and for LKsat and HG also using a single variable analysis. Results of sensitivity analyses showed that RZWQM-simulated yield and biomass were not sensitive to soil hydraulic properties. Simulated tile flow and N losses in tile flow were not sensitive to A and Ksat either, but they were sensitive to LKsat, and HG. Further sensitivity analyses using a single variable showed that LK,,, in the tile layer was a more sensitive parameter compared to LKsat at in other soil layers, and HG was the most sensitive parameter for tile flow under the experimental soil and weather conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS NPA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 284 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.012 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900007 ER PT J AU Saseendran, SA Ma, L Malone, R Heilman, P Ahuja, LR Kanwar, RS Karlen, DL Hoogenboom, G AF Saseendran, S. A. Ma, L. Malone, R. Heilman, P. Ahuja, L. R. Kanwar, R. S. Karlen, D. L. Hoogenboom, G. TI Simulating, management effects on crop production, tile drainage, and water quality using RZWQM-DSSAT SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE agricultural system models; agricultural management; tillage; crop rotation; N loading; N leaching ID HYBRID MODEL; SOIL; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; NITRATE; IOWA; TRANSPORT; COMPONENT; WHEAT; YIELD AB The objective of this study was to explore if more crop-specific plant growth modules can improve simulations of crop yields, and N in tile flow under different management practices compared with a generic plant growth module. We calibrated and evaluated the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) with the Decision Support for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT v3.5) plant growth modules (RZWQM-DSSAT) for simulating tillage (NT - no till, RT - ridge till, CP - chisel plow, and MP - moldboard plow), crop rotation CC - continuous corn, and CS - corn (Zea mays vs L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]}, and nitrogen (N) (SA - single application at preplant, and LSNT - late spring soil N test based application) and manure (SM - fall injected swine manure) management effects on crop production and water quality. Data from 1978 to 2003 from a water quality experiment near Nashua (Nashua experiments), Iowa, USA, were used. The model was calibrated using data from one treatment plot and validated for the rest of the plots. Simulated management effects on annual N loading in tile flow were agreeable with measured effects in 85%, 99%, 88%, and 78% of the cases for tillage, crop rotation (CS vs. CC), N application timing (SA vs. LSNT), and swine manure applications (SM vs. SA), respectively. On average, the LSNT plots were simulated to have 359 kg ha(-1) higher corn yield compared to SA, when the observed increase was 812 kg ha(-1). Grain yield simulations were not sensitive to differences between RT and NT, between SM and SA treatments, and between CS and CC. We conclude that considering the uncertainties of basic input data, processes in the field, and lack of site specific weather data, the results obtained with this RZWQM-DSSAT hybrid model were not much better than the results obtained earlier with the generic crop growth module. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.013 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900008 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Huth, N Carberry, PS Ma, L Kaspar, TC Karlen, DL Meade, T Kanwar, RS Heilman, P AF Malone, R. W. Huth, N. Carberry, P. S. Ma, L. Kaspar, T. C. Karlen, D. L. Meade, T. Kanwar, R. S. Heilman, P. TI Evaluating and predicting agricultural management effects under tile drainage using modified APSIM SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE N loading; cover crop; crop rotation; water quality; crop production; modeling ID REDUCE NITRATE LOSS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WATER-RETENTION; FARMING SYSTEMS; SOIL NITRATE; COVER CROP; NITROGEN; SIMULATION; MODEL; TILLAGE AB An accurate and management sensitive simulation model for tile-drained Midwestern soils is needed to optimize the use of agricultural management practices (e.g., winter cover crops) to reduce nitrate leaching without adversely affecting corn yield. Our objectives were to enhance the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) for tile drainage, test the modified model for several management scenarios, and then predict nitrate leaching with and without winter wheat cover crop. Twelve years of data (1990-2001) from northeast Iowa were used for model testing. Management scenarios included continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations with single or split N applications. For 38 of 44 observations, yearly drain flow was simulated within 50 nun of observed for low drainage (< 100 mm) or within 30% of observed for high drain flow. Corn yield was simulated within 1500 kg/ha for 12 of 24 observations. For 30 of 45 observations yearly nitrate-N loss in tile drains was simulated within 10 kg N/ha for low nitrate-N loss (<20 kg N/ha) or within 30% of observed for high nitrate-N loss. Several of the poor yield and nitrate-N loss predictions appear related to poor N-uptake simulations. The model accurately predicted greater corn yield under split application (140-190 kg N/ha) compared to single 110 kg N/ha application and higher drainage and nitrate-N loss under continuous corn compared to corn/soybean rotations. A winter wheat cover crop was predicted to reduce nitrate-N loss 38% (341 vs. 537 kg N/ha with and without cover) under 41-years of corn-soybean rotations and 150 kg N/ha applied to corn. These results suggest that the modified APSIM model is a promising tool to help estimate the relative effect of alternative management practices under fluctuating high water tables. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, APSRU, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM malone@nstl.gov RI Carberry, Peter/B-9768-2008; Huth, Neil/F-7882-2010 OI Carberry, Peter/0000-0002-3555-2193; Huth, Neil/0000-0002-4197-830X NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 140 IS 3 BP 310 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.014 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197WJ UT WOS:000248586900009 ER PT J AU Powell, DM Brazier, R Parsons, A Wainwright, J Nichols, M AF Powell, D. Mark Brazier, Richard Parsons, Anthony Wainwright, John Nichols, Mary TI Sediment transfer and storage in dryland headwater streams SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dryland rivers; scour and fill; sediment storage ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; RIVER; WATERSHEDS; YIELD; SCOUR AB This study describes the dynamics of sediment transfer and storage in three headwater channels of the Walnut Gulch Watershed in the Chihuahuan Desert, southeastern Arizona, USA. Spatially distributed information on volumes of stream-bed scour and fill and the resultant net changes in sediment storage was collected from three channel reaches using dense arrays of scour chains. Reach-averaged estimates of volumetric scour for individual events ranged between 0.001 and 0.11 m(3) m(-2). Scour volumes combine with relatively little scatter when rated against peak unit stream power demonstrating that flood magnitude accounts for much of the variance. As a result of locally compensating scour and fill, net changes in sediment storage during individual events were small. Because aggradation and degradation fluctuated with no persistent temporal trend over the study period, sediment transfers through the reaches were not significantly affected by movement of sediment into or out of storage. Measurements of the volume of sediment trapped in a stock-pond downstream of the study sites suggest that scoured bed material travelled several hundred m year(-1) with a virtual velocity of about 350 m h(-1). (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Powell, D. Mark] Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Brazier, Richard] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Parsons, Anthony; Wainwright, John] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield Ctr Int Drylands Res, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Nichols, Mary] USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Powell, DM (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM dmp6@le.ac.uk RI parsons, anthony/E-3608-2010; Wainwright, John/E-1425-2012; Brazier, Richard/N-1806-2013; OI parsons, anthony/0000-0002-6730-5031 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 152 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.11.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244UX UT WOS:000251891900011 ER PT J AU So, CL Eberhardt, TL Hsu, E Via, BK Hse, CY AF So, Chi-Leung Eberhardt, Thomas L. Hsu, Ernest Via, Brian K. Hse, Chung Y. TI Infrared spectroscopic monitoring of urea addition to oriented strandboard resins SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; adhesives; oriented strandboard; phenol formaldehyde; resins; urea ID RESOL RESINS; FORMALDEHYDE; ADHESIVES AB One of the variables in phenol formaldehyde adhesive resin formulation is the addition of urea, which allows the resin manufacturer to manipulate both product functionality and cost. Nitrogen content can be used as a measure of the level of urea addition because most of the nitrogen present is derived from urea added at the end of the preparation process. Nitrogen analyses of a set of commercial oriented strandboard resins were first determined by combustion analysis. IR spectroscopic data were then collected and used along with the values for nitrogen content to generate predictive models. First, principal component analysis demonstrated the ability to separate resin mixtures from low to high nitrogen content. Partial least squares regression was then performed and gave excellent correlations between the measured and predicted nitrogen contents for a set of unrelated (test) resins and a set of mixtures prepared through combinations of resins with known nitrogen contents. Similar results were obtained on both a wet and dry mass basis. Given the flexibility of this instrumentation, such analyses could be placed in-line for real time monitoring of resin applied during panel manufacturing. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Louisiana Pacific Corp, Franklin, TN 37067 USA. RP So, CL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM cso@fs.fed.us OI Via, Brian/0000-0003-2676-7376 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 2 BP 733 EP 738 DI 10.1002/app.26094 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 171BI UT WOS:000246709500059 ER PT J AU Valacchi, G Vasu, VT Yokohama, W Corbacho, AM Phung, A Lim, Y Aung, HH Cross, CE Davis, PA AF Valacchi, Giuseppe Vasu, Vihas T. Yokohama, Wallace Corbacho, Ana M. Phung, Anh Lim, Yunsook Aung, Hnin Hnin Cross, Carroll E. Davis, Paul A. TI Lung vitamin E transport processes are affected by both age and environmental oxidants in mice SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; lung; ozone; cigarette smoke; aging ID TOCOPHEROL TRANSFER PROTEIN; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; FATAL SURFACTANT DEFICIENCY; NF-KAPPA-B; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; II CELLS; OZONE EXPOSURE; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS AB Despite the physiological importance of alpha-tocopherol (AT), the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining cellular and tissue tocopherol levels remain to be fully characterized. Scavenger receptor B1 (SRB1), one of a large family of scavenger receptors, has been shown to facilitate AT transfer from HDL to peripheral tissues via apoA-1-mediated processes andto be important inthe delivery of AT to the lungcells. In the present studies the effects of age and two environmental oxidants ozone (03) (0.25 ppm 6 h/day) and cigarette smoke (CS) (60 mg/m(3) 6 h/day) for 4 davs on selected aspects of AT transport in murine lung tissues were assessed. While AT levels were 25% higher 3<0.05) and 15% lower (p<0.05) in plasma and lung tissue, respectively, in aged versus young rnice, acute environmental exposure to O(3) or CS at the doses used had no effect. Gene expression levels, determined by RT-PCR of AT transport protein (ATTP), SRB1, CD36, ATP binding cassette 3 (ABCA3) and ABCA1 and protein levels, deternnined by Western blots for SRB 1, ATTP and ABCA1 were assessed. Aged mouse lung showed a lower levels of ATTP, ABCA3 and SRB1 and a higher level CD36 and ABCA1. Acute exposure to either O(3) or CS induced declines in ATTP and SRB1 in both aged and young mice lung. CD36 increased in both young and aged mice lung upon exposure to O(3) and CS. These findings suggest that both age and environmental oxidant exposure affect pathways related to lung AT homeostasis and do so in a way that favors declines in lung AT. However, given the approach taken, the effects cannot be traced to changes in these pathways or AT content in any specific lung associated cell type and thus highlight the need for further follow-up studies looking at specific lung associated cell types. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, CCRBM, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Siena, Dept Physiol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Valacchi, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, CCRBM, Dept Internal Med, Genome & Biomed Sci Facil,451 E Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gvalacchi@ucdavis.edu RI Vasu, Vihas/G-7303-2012 OI Vasu, Vihas/0000-0003-2275-2476 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES011985-01A2, R01 ES011985-02, ES011985] NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 2 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.04.010 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 195GR UT WOS:000248401000011 PM 17602719 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Thode, AE AF Miller, Jay D. Thode, Andrea E. TI Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wildiand fire; burn severity; change detection; disturbance; relative change; dNBR; landsat TM ID MULTITEMPORAL LANDSAT TM; FOREST DAMAGE; INDEXES; AVIRIS; ETM+ AB Multi-temporal change detection is commonly used in the detection of changes to ecosystems. Differencing single band indices derived from multispectral pre- and post-fire images is one of the most frequently used change detection algorithms. In this paper we examine a commonly used index used in mapping fire effects due to wildland fire. Subtracting a post-fire from a pre-fire image derived index produces a measure of absolute change which then can be used to estimate total carbon release, biomass loss, smoke production, etc. Measuring absolute change however, may be inappropriate when assessing ecological impacts. In a pixel with a sparse tree canopy for example, differencing a vegetation index will measure a small change due stand-replacing fire. Similarly, differencing will produce a large change value in a pixel experiencing stand-replacing fire that had a dense pre-fire tree canopy. If all stand-replacing fire is defined as severe fire, then thresholding an absolute change image derived through image differencing to produce a categorical classification of burn severity can result in misclassification of low vegetated pixels. Misclassification of low vegetated pixels also happens when classifying severity in different vegetation types within the same fire perimeter with one set of thresholds. Comparisons of classifications derived from thresholds of dNBR and relative dNBR data for individual fires may result in similar classification accuracies. However, classifications of relative dNBR data can produce higher accuracies on average for the high burn severity category than dNBR classifications derived from a universal set of thresholds applied across multiple fires. This is important when mapping historic fires where precise field based severity data may not be available to aid in classification. Implementation of a relative index will also allow a more direct comparison of severity between fires across space and time which is important for landscape level analysis. In this paper we present a relative version of dNBR based upon field data from 14 fires in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California, USA. The methods presented may have application to other types of disturbance events. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 3237 Peacekeeper Way,Suite 101, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. EM jaymiller@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 248 Z9 258 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 12 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 66 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.006 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 178DA UT WOS:000247200200007 ER PT J AU Gordon, LM Bennett, SJ Wells, RR Alonso, CV AF Gordon, Lee M. Bennett, Sean J. Wells, Robert R. Alonso, Carlos V. TI Effect of soil stratification on the development and migration of headcuts in upland concentrated flows SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION; SCOUR HOLES; KNICKPOINT; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; GROWTH; AREAS AB Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of vertical stratification in soil erodibility on the development and migration of steady state headcut scour holes in upland concentrated flows typical of agricultural fields. Packed soil beds with a preformed step were subjected to identical simulated rainstorms and clear- water overland flow rates, which resulted in predictable, actively migrating headcut scour holes with nearly identical characteristics. When an erosion- resistant layer was incorporated into the packed soil bed at a depth that exceeded this expected plunge pool scour depth, the erosion and hydraulic processes of the migrating headcuts remained unchanged. When the erosion- resistant layer was placed so as to intersect this potential headcut scour depth, the erosivity of the reattached wall jet was unable to erode this layer, and the depth of scour, the nappe entry angle, and sediment efflux all were reduced inversely proportional to the relative depth of the resistant layer. These data were successfully predicted using modified jet impingement theory for headcut scour holes and demonstrate further the effects of soil management and tillage practices on total soil losses from agricultural fields. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Agr Res Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Gordon, LM (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, 105 Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM leegordon79@gmail.com RI Gordon, Lee/A-4560-2008 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 12 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 AR W07412 DI 10.1029/2006WR005659 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 190EC UT WOS:000248039800003 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Rice, PJ Arthur, EL Barefoot, AC AF Rice, Pamela J. Rice, Patricia J. Arthur, Ellen L. Barefoot, Aldos C. TI Advances in pesticide environmental fate and exposure assessments SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticide; degradation; catabolism; sorption; transport; runoff; modeling; predictive tools; exposure assessment; treatment; remediation ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT MODEL; ANODIC FENTON TREATMENT; SUBSEQUENT ADDITION/CORRECTION; PERCHLORATE IDENTIFICATION; AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY; SORPTION-DESORPTION; ATRAZINE CATABOLISM; CONTAMINATED SOIL; COASTAL-PLAIN; RUNOFF AB Globalization of markets and the growing world population increase threats of invasive and exotic species and place greater demands on food and fiber production. Pest management in both agricultural and nonagricultural settings employs established practices and new biological, chemical, and management technologies. Pesticides are an essential tool in integrated pest management. Without pesticides a significant percentage of food and fiber crops would be lost, infectious diseases would increase, and valuable native habitats would be devastated. Therefore, it is important to understand the environmental fate of pesticides and assess their potential exposure and associated risks to human health and the environment. This paper summarizes the Advances in Pesticide Environmental Fate and Exposure Assessment symposium held at the 231st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (Atlanta, GA, 2006). The focus of the symposium was to provide current information on advances in pesticide environmental fate and exposure assessments. Thirty papers were presented on advances ranging from subcellular processes to watershed-scale studies on topics including chemical degradation, sorption, and transport; improved methodologies; use of modeling and predictive tools; exposure assessment; and treatment and remediation. This information is necessary to develop more effective pesticide use and management practices, to better understand pesticide fate and associated exposures and risks, to develop mitigation and remediation strategies, and to establish sound science-based regulations. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. BASF Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Bayer CropSci, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. DuPont Crop Protect, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Rice, PJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pamela.rice@ars.usda.gov NR 92 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 14 BP 5367 EP 5376 DI 10.1021/jf063764s PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 184YJ UT WOS:000247678200001 PM 17552539 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Byrd, JA Anderson, RC AF Smith, David J. Byrd, James A. Anderson, Robin C. TI Total radioactive residues and residues of [Cl-36]Chlorate in market size broilers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE broilers; chlorate; food safety; preharvest; residue ID EXPERIMENTAL CHLORATE PRODUCT; DRINKING-WATER; SODIUM-CHLORATE; CHLORINE INCORPORATION; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; PARENT CHLORATE; BEEF-CATTLE; MYELOPEROXIDASE; CONTAMINATION; COLONIZATION AB The oral administration of chlorate salts reduces the numbers of Gram-negative pathogens in gastrointestinal tracts of live food animals. Although the efficacy of chlorate salts has been demonstrated repeatedly, the technology cannot be introduced into commercial settings without first demonstrating that chlorate residues, and metabolites of chlorate remaining in edible tissues, represent a negligible risk to consumers. Typically, a first step in this risk assessment is to quantify the parent compound and to identify metabolites remaining in edible tissues of animals treated with the experimental compound. The objectives of this study were to determine the pathway(s) of chlorate metabolism in market broilers and to determine the magnitude of chlorate residues remaining in edible tissues. To this end, 12 broilers (6 weeks; 2.70 +/- 0.34 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments of 7.4, 15.0, and 22.5 mM sodium [Cl-36]chlorate dissolved in drinking water (n = 4 broilers per treatment). Exposure to chlorate, dissolved in drinking water, occurred at 0 and 24 h (250 mL per exposure), feed was withdrawn at hour 38, water was removed at hour 48, and birds were slaughtered at hour 54 (16 h after feed removal and 8 h after water removal). The radioactivity was rapidly eliminated in excreta with 69-78% of the total administered radioactivity being excreted by slaughter. Total radioactive residues were proportional to dose in all edible tissues with chloride ion comprising greater than 98.5% of the radioactive residue for the tissue (9.4-97.8 ppm chlorate equivalents). Chlorate residues were typically greatest in the skin (0.33-0.82 ppm), gizzard (0.1-0.137 ppm), and dark muscle (0.05-0.14 ppm). Adipose, liver, and white muscle tissue contained chlorate concentrations from 0.03 to 0.13 ppm. In contrast, chlorate concentrations in excreta eliminated during the 6 h period prior to slaughter ranged from 53 to 71 ppm. Collectively, these data indicate that broilers rapidly convert chlorate residues to an innocuous metabolite, chloride ion, and that chlorate residues in excreta remain fairly high during the time around slaughter. Because the target tissue of chlorate is the lower gastrointestinal tract, the relatively high distribution of parent chlorate to inedible gastrointestinal tissues and low distribution to edible tissues is favorable for the biological activity and for food safety considerations. These data, when used in conjunction with a toxicological assessment of chlorate, can be used to determine a likely risk/benefit ratio for chlorate. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 14 BP 5898 EP 5903 DI 10.1021/jf070936s PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 184YJ UT WOS:000247678200072 PM 17571900 ER PT J AU Trujillo, E Ramirez, JA Elder, KJ AF Trujillo, Ernesto Ramirez, Jorge A. Elder, Kelly J. TI Topographic, meteorologic, and canopy controls on the scaling characteristics of the spatial distribution of snow depth fields SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL SELF-SIMILARITY; RIVER NETWORKS; HYDRAULIC-HEAD; SOIL-MOISTURE; TIME-SERIES; COVER; TERRAIN; MODEL; RAIN; DEPLETION AB In this study, LIDAR snow depths, bare ground elevations (topography), and elevations filtered to the top of vegetation (topography + vegetation) in five 1- km(2) areas are used to determine whether the spatial distribution of snow depth exhibits scale invariance, and the control that vegetation, topography, and winds exert on such behavior. The one- dimensional and mean two- dimensional power spectra of snow depth exhibit power law behavior in two frequency intervals separated by a scale break located between 7 m and 45 m. The spectral exponents for the low- frequency range vary between 0.1 and 1.2 for the one- dimensional spectra, and between 1.3 and 2.2 for the mean two-dimensional power spectra. The spectral exponents for the high- frequency range vary between 3.3 and 3.6 for the one- dimensional spectra, and between 4.0 and 4.5 for the mean two- dimensional spectra. Such spectral exponents indicate the existence of two distinct scaling regimes, with significantly larger variations occurring in the larger- scale regime. Similar bilinear power law spectra were obtained for the fields of vegetation height, with crossover wavelengths between 7 m and 14 m. Further analysis of the snow depth and vegetation fields, together with wind data, support the conclusion that the break in the scaling behavior of snow depth is controlled by the scaling characteristics of the spatial distribution of vegetation height when snow redistribution by wind is minimal and canopy interception is dominant, and by the interaction of winds with features such as surface concavities and vegetation when snow redistribution by wind is dominant. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Station, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Trujillo, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM etrujil@engr.colostate.edu RI Trujillo, Ernesto/A-6890-2013 OI Trujillo, Ernesto/0000-0001-9731-7482 NR 56 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 11 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 AR W07409 DI 10.1029/2006WR005317 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 190EA UT WOS:000248039600002 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Constance A. TI Influence of harvest residues and vegetation on microsite soil and air temperatures in a young conifer plantation SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE microclimate; microsite; soil temperature; harvest residue; vegetation ID DOUGLAS-FIR; WESTERN WASHINGTON; SEEDLING GROWTH; CLEAR-CUT; MICROCLIMATE; FOREST; TREE; STAND; MANAGEMENT; INTERIOR AB Soil temperature influences many processes in young forest stands including growth and phenology of trees, water uptake, and nutrient mineralization. Effects of harvest residue management and other site preparation techniques on soil and air temperatures have previously been reported at the treatment level, but there is little information on temperature patterns in the various microsites created by these treatments. This study examines the effects of bole-only harvesting with and without vegetation control (BO + VC; BO - VC) and total-tree harvesting plus removal of legacy woody debris with vegetation control (TTP + VC) on microsite temperature in a young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation. Hourly soil temperatures were recorded at a 10-cm mineral soil depth for 5 years post-planting, and near-ground (25 cm) air temperatures were recorded for I year. In the TTP + VC treatment, mean soil temperature and diurnal range in soil temperature during the growing season differed by microsite surface condition in the following sequence: exposed mineral soil > intact forest floor > decaying wood over soil > shade of stumps. In the BO treatments, soil temperature differences among microsites were smaller, and only the stump-shade microsite differed significantly from the others. Near-ground air temperature did not differ by microsite. A sine-wave model showed that diurnal warming of soil beneath decaying wood occurred more slowly than for other microsites. Total annual soil degree-day accumulation was 25-37% greater in the TTP + VC treatment than in the BO + VC treatment; the greatest difference occurred in the year with the warmest spring air temperature. Vegetation control treatments had little effect on soil temperature in the BO harvest treatment. The reduced microsite variability and diurnal fluctuation in soil temperature in the BO harvest treatment may be beneficial where summer temperature extremes are a concern. Alternatively, the warmer spring and early summer soil temperatures of the TTP harvest treatment may be advantageous for early seedling development. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us; charrington@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 52 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 9 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.009 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194CZ UT WOS:000248322900009 ER PT J AU Carbone, I Ramirez-Prado, JH Jakobek, JL Horn, BW AF Carbone, Ignazio Ramirez-Prado, Jorge H. Jakobek, Judy L. Horn, Bruce W. TI Gene duplication, modularity and adaptation in the evolution of the aflatoxin gene cluster SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; SECONDARY METABOLISM; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; FLANKING REGIONS; REGULATORY GENE; PATHWAY GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; PARASITICUS AB Background: The biosynthesis of aflatoxin (AF) involves over 20 enzymatic reactions in a complex polyketide pathway that converts acetate and malonate to the intermediates sterigmatocystin (ST) and O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST), the respective penultimate and ultimate precursors of AF. Although these precursors are chemically and structurally very similar, their accumulation differs at the species level for Aspergilli. Notable examples are A. nidulans that synthesizes only ST, A. flavus that makes predominantly AF, and A. parasiticus that generally produces either AF or OMST. Whether these differences are important in the evolutionary/ecological processes of species adaptation and diversification is unknown. Equally unknown are the specific genomic mechanisms responsible for ordering and clustering of genes in the AF pathway of Aspergillus. Results: To elucidate the mechanisms that have driven formation of these clusters, we performed systematic searches of aflatoxin cluster homologs across five Aspergillus genomes. We found a high level of gene duplication and identified seven modules consisting of highly correlated gene pairs (aflA/aflB, aflR/aflS, aflX/aflY, aflF/aflE, aflT/aflQ, aflC/aflW, and aflG/aflL). With the exception of A. nomius, contrasts of mean Ka/Ks values across all cluster genes showed significant differences in selective pressure between section Flavi and non-section Flavi species. A. nomius mean Ka/Ks values were more similar to partial clusters in A. fumigatus and A. terreus. Overall, mean Ka/Ks values were significantly higher for section Flavi than for non-section Flavi species. Conclusion: Our results implicate several genomic mechanisms in the evolution of ST, OMST and AF cluster genes. Gene modules may arise from duplications of a single gene, whereby the function of the pre-duplication gene is retained in the copy ( aflF/aflE) or the copies may partition the ancestral function ( aflA/aflB). In some gene modules, the duplicated copy may simply augment/supplement a specific pathway function (aflR/aflS and aflX/aflY) or the duplicated copy may evolve a completely new function (aflT/aflQ and aflC/aflW). Gene modules that are contiguous in one species and noncontiguous in others point to possible rearrangements of cluster genes in the evolution of these species. Significantly higher mean Ka/Ks values in section Flavi compared to nonsection Flavi species indicate increased positive selection acting in the evolution of genes in OMST and AF gene clusters. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Carbone, I (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ignazio_carbone@ncsu.edu; jorge_ramirez@ncsu.edu; judy_jakobek@ncsu.edu; bruce.horn@ars.usda.gov RI Ramirez-Prado, Jorge/A-3012-2011 NR 67 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JUL 9 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 111 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-7-111 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 203CN UT WOS:000248952800001 PM 17620135 ER PT J AU Nicholson, TL AF Nicholson, Tracy L. TI Construction and validation of a first-generation Bordetella bronchiseptica long-oligonucleotide microarray by transcriptional profiling the Bvg regulon SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; PERTUSSIS; VIRULENCE; LOCUS; SECRETION; SYSTEM; ROLES; MICE AB Background: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a bacterial respiratory pathogen that infects a broad range of mammals, causing chronic and often subclinical infections. Gene expression in Bordetella is regulated by a two-component sensory transduction system, BvgAS, which controls the expression of a spectrum of phenotypic phases transitioning between a virulent (Bvg(+)) phase and a non-virulent (Bvg(-)) phase. Results: Based on the genomic sequence and using the freely available software ArrayOligoSelector, a long oligonucleotide B. bronchiseptica microarray was designed and assembled. This long-oligonucleotide microarray was subsequently tested and validated by comparing changes in the global expression profiles between B. bronchiseptica RB50 and its Bvg-phase-locked derivative, RB54. Data from this microarray analysis revealed 1,668 Bvg- regulated genes, which greatly expands the BvgAS regulon defined in previous reports. For previously reported Bvg- regulated transcripts, the gene expression data presented here is congruent with prior findings. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR data provided an independent verification of the microarray expression values. Conclusion: The results presented here provide a comprehensive, genome-wide portrait of transcripts encompassing the BvgAS regulon, while also providing data validating the long-oligonucleotide microarray described here for studying gene expression in Bordetella bronchiseptica. C1 [Nicholson, Tracy L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nicholson, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tnicholson@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 6 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 220 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-220 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 208UL UT WOS:000249344600001 PM 17617915 ER PT J AU Duke, NC Meynecke, JO Dittmann, S Ellison, AM Anger, K Berger, U Cannicci, S Diele, K Ewel, KC Field, CD Koedam, N Lee, SY Marchand, C Nordhaus, I Dahdouh-Guebas, F AF Duke, N. C. Meynecke, J.-O. Dittmann, S. Ellison, A. M. Anger, K. Berger, U. Cannicci, S. Diele, K. Ewel, K. C. Field, C. D. Koedam, N. Lee, S. Y. Marchand, C. Nordhaus, I. Dahdouh-Guebas, F. TI A world without mangroves? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID FORESTS C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Waldwachstum & Forstliche Informat, D-01735 Tharandt, Germany. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Genet Leo Pardi, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. US Forest Serv, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA. Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Sci Gore Hill, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. Vrije Univ Brussel, Lab Gen Bot & Nat Management, Mangrove Management Grp, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ New Caledonia, LGPMC, EA 3325, Noumea, New Caledonia. IRD, UR 103, Marseille, France. Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4222, Australia. RP Duke, NC (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM n.duke@uq.edu.au RI Lee, Shing Yip/B-9185-2008; Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid/B-9154-2008; Duke, Norman/K-5729-2013; Cannicci, Stefano/L-7136-2015 OI Duke, Norman/0000-0003-2081-9120; Cannicci, Stefano/0000-0002-6544-0213 NR 13 TC 351 Z9 377 U1 29 U2 186 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 6 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5834 BP 41 EP 42 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 186KD UT WOS:000247776700016 PM 17615322 ER PT J AU Rinehart, JP Li, A Yocum, GD Robich, RM Hayward, SAL Denlinger, DL AF Rinehart, Joseph P. Li, Aiqing Yocum, George D. Robich, Rebecca M. Hayward, Scott A. L. Denlinger, David L. TI Up-regulation of heat shock proteins is essentail for cold survival during insect diapause SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cold tolerance; overwintering; stress proteins; RNAi ID FLY SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; CILIATE EUPLOTES-FOCARDII; NORTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO; FLESH FLY; PUPAL DIAPAUSE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; GENE-EXPRESSION; LARVAL DIAPAUSE; CULEX-PIPIENS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER AB Diapause, the dormancy common to overwintering insects, evokes a unique pattern of gene expression. in the flesh fly, most, but not all, of the fly's heat shock proteins (Hsps) are up-regulated. The diapause up-regulated Hsps include two members of the Hsp70 family, one member of the Hsp60 family (TCP-1), at least four members of the small Hsp family, and a small Hsp pseudogene. Expression of an Hsp70 cognate, Hsc70, is uninfluenced by diapause, and Hsp90 is actually down-regulated during diapause, thus diapause differs from common stress responses that elicit synchronous up-regulation of all Hsps. Up-regulation of the Hsps begins at the onset of diapause, persists throughout the overwintering period, and ceases within hours after the fly receives the signal to reinitiate development. The up-regulation of Hsps appears to be common to diapause in species representing diverse insect orders including Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera as well as in diapauses that occur in different developmental stages (embryo, larva, pupa, adult). Suppressing expression of Hsp23 and Hsp7O in flies by using RNAi did not alter the decision to enter diapause or the duration of diapause, but it had a profound effect on the pupa's ability to survive low temperatures. We thus propose that up-regulation of Hsps during diapause is a major factor contributing to cold-hardiness of overwintering insects. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Aronoff Lab 400, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, Agr Res Stn, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. RP Denlinger, DL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Aronoff Lab 400, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM denlinger.l@osu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI058279] NR 73 TC 214 Z9 244 U1 13 U2 83 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 3 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 27 BP 11130 EP 11137 DI 10.1073/pnas.0703538104 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 188DT UT WOS:000247900000004 PM 17522254 ER PT J AU Johnson, GP Stevens, ED French, AD AF Johnson, Glenn P. Stevens, Edwin D. French, Alfred D. TI Octa-O-propanoyl-beta-maltose: crystal structure, acyl stacking, related structures, and conformational analysis SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; conformation; hybrid; molecular; quantum mechanics; starch; propionate ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; TRISACCHARIDE ERLOSE; AMYLOSE-TRIACETATE; ENERGY SURFACES; X-RAY; HYDROCARBONS; COMPLEXES; MECHANICS; ALCOHOLS AB The crystal structure of P-maltose octapropanoate (1) was solved to improve understanding of di-, oligo-, and polysaccharide conformations. The O6 and O6' atoms are in gg and gt orientations, respectively. Extrapolation of the coordinates of the non-reducing residue and observed linkage bond and torsion angles of 1 (iota Cl-04-c4,, (C4) 116.0 degrees, phi(O5'-Cl-O4-C4) 77.1., psi(C5-C4-O4-Cl)' -157.5 degrees) yields a left-handed helix similar to amylose triacetate 1. The 0 and values of I are also similar to those of other crystalline, acylated maltose compounds as well as some hydroxyl-bearing molecules. Acylated maltose moieties are often stabilized by stacking of the carbonyl groups and alpha-carbons on O3 and O2' as well as by the exo-anomeric effect. The conformation of 1 is within the 1-kcal/mol contour on a hybrid energy map built with a dielectric constant of 7.5, but corresponds to higher energies on maps made with lower dielectric constants. In one region of phi,psi space, both hydroxyl-bearing and derivatized maltose moieties are found but no inter-residue, intramolecular hydrogen-bonding occurs. In another region, only hydroxyl-bearing molecules crystallize and O2'...O3 hydrogen bonds are always found. In agreement with the energy surfaces, amylose helices extrapolated from available linkage geometries were almost all left-handed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Stevens, ED (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM estevens@uno.edu; afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUL 2 PY 2007 VL 342 IS 9 BP 1210 EP 1222 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2007.02.029 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 173MM UT WOS:000246877200008 PM 17383618 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP AF French, Alfred D. Johnson, Glenn P. TI Linkage and pyranosyl ring twisting in cyclodextrins SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; conformation; Schardinger dextrin; crystal structure; cycloamylose; CA; computation; hexaose; heptaose; octaose ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; TRISACCHARIDE ERLOSE; HYDROGEN-BONDS; X-RAY; 20 K; TOPOGRAPHY AB Acylated beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CDs) were studied to gain perspective on maltose octapropanoate, the crystal structure of which was reported in the preceding paper in this issue. Acylated beta-CDs are distorted so we looked at other CDs and gained increased understanding of distortion in CDs and possibly, shapes in starch. Classic CDs have six to eight glucose residues in a doughnut shape that is stabilized by a ring of inter-residue O3... O2' hydrogen bonds. On a 0, energy map for a maltose analog that does not form hydrogen bonds, classic CD linkages have higher energies than structures that are stabilized by the exo-anomeric effect. In distorted beta-CDs, which lack hydrogen bonding; some,linkages attain low-energies from the exo-anomeric effect and acyl stacking. Those linkages result in left-handed helical geometry so other linkages are forced by the CD macrocycle to have counterbalancing right-handed character. Permethylated gamma-CDs have two 'flipping' linkages as do some larger native CDs. Flipping linkages allow two left-handed segments to join into a macrocycle, thus avoiding the higher-energy, right-handed forms. Some glucose rings in derivatized beta-CDs have substantial positive twists of the pseudo torsion angle O1-Cl.... C4-O4, adding right-handed character to balance the left-handed linkages. In substituted gamma-CD, all residues have negative,twists,giving extra left-handed character to the short, pseudo-helical segments. In non-macrocyclic molecules the twists ranged from -14 degrees to +2 degrees, averaging -6.1 degrees. In these beta-and gamma-CDs, the twists ranged from -22 degrees to +16 degrees for 4 C-1 rings, and the, OS2 ring in.,acetylated beta-CD has a twist of +34 degrees. Glucose residues in other CDs were less twisted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUL 2 PY 2007 VL 342 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1237 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2007.02.033 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 173MM UT WOS:000246877200009 PM 17382309 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Tanaka, DL Krupinsky, JM Merrill, SD Hanson, JD AF Liebig, M. A. Tanaka, D. L. Krupinsky, J. M. Merrill, S. D. Hanson, J. D. TI Dynamic cropping systems: Contributions to improve agroecosystem sustainability SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS; NO-TILL; WHEAT; SOIL; PRECIPITATION; DISEASES; SASKATCHEWAN; ROTATIONS; CROPS AB Cropping systems need to be inherently flexible to take advantage of economic opportunities and/or adapt to environmental realities. A dynamic cropping systems concept-characterized by a management approach whereby crop sequencing decisions are made on an annual basis - has been proposed to improve the adaptability of cropping practices to externalities. A symposium on dynamic cropping systems was held at the 2005 ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meetings in Salt Lake City, UT. Presentations at the symposium reviewed research results from a recent experiment near Mandan, ND, investigating short-term crop sequence effects on crop production, plant diseases, soil residue coverage, and soil water depletion. This paper briefly reviews each of the presentations at the symposium. Future research opportunities on dynamic cropping systems abound, and may have increased impact if emerging issues in agriculture (e.g., increased use of biofuels; livestock integration in cropping systems) are incorporated in evaluations. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM mark.liebig@ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 899 EP 903 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0131 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500001 ER PT J AU Tanaka, DL Krupinsky, JM Merrill, SD Liebig, MA Hanson, JD AF Tanaka, D. L. Krupinsky, J. M. Merrill, S. D. Liebig, M. A. Hanson, J. D. TI Dynamic cropping systems for sustainable crop production in the northern great plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID WHEAT PRODUCTION; PULSE CROPS; SOIL-WATER; PRECIPITATION; TILLAGE; INTENSIFICATION; NITROGEN; ROTATION; STORAGE; GROWTH AB Producers need to know how to sequence crops to develop sustainable dynamic cropping systems that take advantage of inherent internal resources, such as crop synergism, nutrient cycling, and soil water, and capitalize on external resources, such as weather, markets, and government programs. The objective of our research was to determine influences of previous crop and crop residues (crop sequence) on relative seed and residue yield and precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) for the no-till production of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), canola (Brassica napus L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the northern Great Plains. Relative seed yield in 2003 for eight of the 10 crops resulted in synergistic effects when the previous crop was dry pea or lentil, compared with each crop grown on its own residue. Buckwheat, corn, and sunflower residues were antagonistic to chickpea relative seed yield. In 2004, highest relative seed yield for eight of the 10 crops occurred when dry pea was the previous crop. Relative residue yield followed a pattern similar to relative seed yield. The PUE overall means fluctuated for seven of the 10 crops both years, but those of dry pea, sunflower, and spring wheat remained somewhat constant, suggesting these crops may have mechanisms for consistent PUE and were not as dependent on growing season precipitation distribution as the other seven crops. Sustainable cropping systems in the northern Great Plains will approach an optimal scheme of crop sequencing by taking advantage of synergisms and avoiding antagonisms that occur among crops and previous crop residues. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Tanaka, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM tanakad@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 904 EP 911 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0132 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500002 ER PT J AU Krupinsky, JM Tanaka, DL Merrill, SD Liebig, MA Lares, MT Hanson, JD AF Krupinsky, Joseph M. Tanaka, Donald L. Merrill, Steven D. Liebig, Mark A. Lares, Michael T. Hanson, Jonathan D. TI Crop sequence effects on leaf spot diseases of no-till spring wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; WINTER-WHEAT; SYSTEMS; SASKATCHEWAN; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; PRECIPITATION; PATHOGENS AB Crop sequence is an important management practice that may lower the risk for leaf spot diseases of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field research was conducted near Mandan, ND, to determine the impact of crop sequences on leaf spot diseases of hard red spring wheat early in the growing season. Spring wheat was evaluated for disease severity following crop sequence combinations of 10 crops [buckwheat (Fagopyrum escalentum Moench), canola (Brassica napus L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), oil seed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and hard red spring wheat). Spring wheat leaves with distinct lesions were collected for determination of lesion number and percentage necrosis data, which were used to estimate leaf spot disease severity. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., the cause of tan spot, and Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Willer) Hedjaroude, the cause of Stagonospora nodorum blotch, were the major leaf spot diseases and consistently present throughout the growing season. The frequency of isolation following alternative crops was generally lower compared with spring wheat following wheat. Leaf spot diseases on spring wheat were impacted by crop sequencing. Spring wheat following crop sequences with alternative crops for 1 or 2 yr had lower levels of disease severity compared with a continuous spring wheat treatment early in the growing season. Disease severity was apparently not related to the percentage of crop residue coverage on the soil surface associated with various crop sequence combinations. New alternative crops preceding spring wheat reduce levels of leaf spot diseases. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ Mary, Bismarck, ND 58504 USA. RP Krupinsky, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM krupinsj@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 912 EP 920 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0130 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500003 ER PT J AU Krupinsky, JM Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Liebig, MA Lares, MT Hanson, JD AF Krupinsky, Joseph M. Merrill, Steven D. Tanaka, Donald L. Liebig, Mark A. Lares, Michael T. Hanson, Jonathan D. TI Crop residue coverage of soil influenced by crop sequence in a no-till system SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WATER STORAGE; SPRING WHEAT; DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; TEMPERATURE; CANOLA; CANADA; FALLOW AB Field research was conducted to determine the influence of crop and crop sequencing on crop residue coverage of soil with 10 crops [buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), canola (Brassica napus L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), oil seed sunflower (Helianthus annuas L.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)]. Crop residue production was obtained. Crop residue coverage of the soil surface was measured with a transect technique at the time of seeding spring wheat. Crop residue coverage varied and was more clearly associated with the second-year crop than with the first-year crop of a 2-yr crop sequence. Crop sequences composed of spring wheat, proso millet, and grain sorghum had higher crop residue coverage compared with sequences composed of the other crops. When these three crops and three crops that provide lower crop residue coverage of soil the subsequent year (lentil, chickpea, and sunflower) were analyzed as a subset to compare various sequences of crops providing a range of residue coverage, for example, lower (first yr)/lower (second yr), the surface residue coverage ranged from 65% for the lower/lower combination to 93% for the higher/higher combination in 2004 and from 56 to 94% in 2005, respectively. A producer operating on more fragile soil and concerned about reducing soil erosion hazards would be advised to grow crops that provide higher residue coverage in the year before crops that provide lower residue coverage. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ Mary, Bismarck, ND 58504 USA. RP Krupinsky, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM krupinsj@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 921 EP 930 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0129 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500004 ER PT J AU Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Krupinsky, JM Liebig, MA Hanson, JD AF Merrill, Stephen D. Tanaka, Donald L. Krupinsky, Joseph M. Liebig, Mark A. Hanson, Jonathan D. TI Soil water depletion and recharge under ten crop species and applications to the principles of dynamic cropping systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT AB Dynamic cropping systems principles require that farmers consider climatic, market, and ecological factors on an annual basis in making crop choices. Our objectives were to determine variability of seasonal soil water depletion (SWD) and spring soil water recharge (SWR) among crops and to apply results to dynamic cropping systems practice. A 10-species crop sequence project was conducted under no-tillage on silt loam Haplustoll soils in North Dakota. Mid-May to mid-September SWD and following April SWR were determined from 2002 to 2005 by neutron moisture meter to the 1.8-m depth. Crops studied and average SWD amounts (cm) were: sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), 13.5; corn (Zea mays L.), 12.6; sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], 11.0; spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 10.6; canola (Brassica napus L.), 10.0; millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), 9.6; buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), 9.4; chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), 8.5; lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), 8.1; and dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), 5.0, with highest and lowest being 29 and 11% of average May soil water, 46 cm. Because the period of the experiment was relatively dry, recharge was less than depletion. Spring soil water was 10 cm greater following pea than following sunflower. Ranking of crops for water storage roughly followed reverse SWD rank, with several exceptions, notably wheat, which had greater water from snow capture. Lower soil water following crops such as sunflower and corn was linked to negative crop sequential effects in this project. Choosing to seed a lower water-using crop in the spring after the occurrence of below-average SWR on land that had a higher water-using crop the previous season illustrates an application of information reported here along with the principles of dynamic cropping systems. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Merrill, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM steve.merrill@ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 931 EP 938 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0134 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500005 ER PT J AU Hanson, JD Liebig, MA Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Krupinsky, JM Stott, DE AF Hanson, J. D. Liebig, M. A. Merrill, S. D. Tanaka, D. L. Krupinsky, J. M. Stott, D. E. TI Dynamic cropping systems: Increasing adaptability amid an uncertain future SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CO2 CONCENTRATION; SOIL-EROSION; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; GROWTH; CROPS; PRECIPITATION; AGRICULTURE; IMPACTS AB Future trends in population growth, energy use, climate change, and globalization will challenge agriculturists to develop innovative production systems that are highly productive and environmentally sound. Furthermore, future agricultural production systems must possess an inherent capacity to adapt to change to be sustainable. Given this context, adoption of dynamic cropping systems is proposed to meet multiple agronomic and environmental objectives through the enhancement of management adaptability to externalities. Dynamic cropping systems are a form of agricultural production that relies on an annual strategy to optimize the outcome of (i) production, (ii) economic, and (iii) resource conservation goals using ecologically-based management principles. Dynamic cropping systems are inherently complex, possessing larger crop portfolios and greater crop diversity and sequencing flexibility as compared with monoculture and fixed-sequence cropping systems. Greater crop diversity and sequencing flexibility within dynamic cropping systems may result in reduced weed and disease infestations, greater nutrient- and precipitation-use efficiency, decreased requirements of exogenous inputs, and lower production risk. The multiple interactions among management components of dynamic cropping systems demand greater management intensity than monoculture and fixed-sequence cropping systems. Further development of dynamic cropping systems is important for managing crop production systems in a sustainable manner. These systems can ultimately assist land managers to develop new and improved land-use strategies to the benefit of generations to come. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hanson, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM Jon.Hanson@ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009; Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 939 EP 943 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0133 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500006 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Rowe, DE Adeli, A AF Tewolde, H. Sistani, K. R. Rowe, D. E. Adeli, A. TI Phosphorus extraction by cotton fertilized with broiler litter SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; DRY-MATTER; NITROGEN; POTASSIUM AB Knowledge of the magnitude of P extracted and removed by harvested crop is an important component of effectively managing poultry litter to minimize or prevent the buildup of P in soil. This knowledge does not exist or is not well documented in cotton fertilized with litter as the primary fertilizer. The objective of this research was to quantify the magnitude of P extracted by cotton when fertilized with broiler litter and to determine whether supplementing litter with inorganic N improves P extraction. The research was conducted from 2002 to 2004 on two commercial farms representing a conventional-till at Cruger and a no-till at Coffeeville, MS, USA. At each location, the treatments consisted of an unfertilized control; a farm standard (STD) fertilized with inorganic fertilizers; and broiler litter of 2.2, 4.5, and 6.7 Mg ha(-1) in an incomplete factorial combination with 0, 34, or 67 kg ha(-1) N as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution. The unfertilized control extracted an average across years of 27.7 kg P ha(-1) at Cruger and 26.0 kg P ha(-1) at Coffeeville. Application of both litter and UAN-N decreased tissue P concentration but increased extracted amount of P because of increases in dry weight. The largest end-of-season P extraction in this research, which included 53.9 kg P ha(-1) in 2004 at Cruger and 49.3 kg P ha(-1) in 2002 at Coffeeville, was recorded for the treatment that received the largest litter rate of 6.7 Mg ha(-1) supplemented with 34 or 67 kg ha(-1) UAN-N. Applied P always exceeded extracted P in all 1 3 yr at both locations when the litter rate was 4.5 or 6.7 Mg ha(-1). Extracted P equaled or exceeded applied P when 2.2 Mg ha(-1) litter was applied. Increasing litter rate decreased phosphorus extraction efficiency (PEE) while supplemental UAN-N increased PEE. An average of 53% of the total P extracted was partitioned to seed with an additional 2.4% partitioned to lint for a total of 55% that would be removed with harvested crop. Nitrogen fertilization appeared to shift P partitioning from vegetative to reproductive parts. Supplementing litter with inorganic N may be an effective strategy not only in extracting additional P from soils but also in increasing the fraction partitioned to seed so that more P is removed from the field. C1 USDA ARS, AWMRU, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, AWMRU, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. USDA ARS, WMFRU, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, AWMRU, 810 Hwy 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM htewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1008 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0237 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500013 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Lindquist, JL AF Williams, Martin M., II Lindquist, John L. TI Influence of planting date and weed interference on sweet corn growth and development SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; ZEA-MAYS; CRITICAL PERIOD; SUPPRESSIVE ABILITY; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; GRAIN-YIELD; HYBRIDS; MAIZE; TOLERANCE; NITROGEN AB Crop planting date and canopy density influence interactions between weeds and sweet corn (Zea mays L.); however, little is known about sweet corn growth response to weed interference. Field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 near Urbana, IL, to quantify the influence of planting date and weed interference on growth of sweet corn height, leaf area, aboveground biomass, and phenological development. Crop growth response to weed interference (presence or absence) was determined for sweet corn planted early May (EARLY) and late June (LATE). Dominant weed species included barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.], common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), green foxtail [Setaria viridus (L.) Beauv.], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflerus L.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus) at densities ranging from 95 to 256 plants m(-2). Weed interference reduced sweet corn's absolute height growth rate, maximum leaf area index (LAI), absolute LAI growth rate, with some of the largest effects on crop growth observed in the EARLY planting date. Silk emergence was delayed by weeds for EARLY planted sweet corn, but not LATE. Moreover, the LATE planting date resulted in 9% taller crop plants with 36% lower maximum LAI. Relative to an EARLY planting date, lower yield losses due to weeds for LATE sweet corn correspond to greater resiliency of crop growth and silk emergence to weed interference. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu RI Lindquist, John/D-8656-2012 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1072 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0009 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500021 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Sauer, TJ Blaser, BC Meek, DW AF Singer, J. W. Sauer, T. J. Blaser, B. C. Meek, D. W. TI Radiation use efficiency in dual winter cereal-forage production systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Cropping Systems for Soil and Water Conservation CY NOV 07, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA ID WHEAT; CLOVER; GROWTH; INTERCEPTION; INTERCROPS; CULTIVARS; BIOMASS; DENSITIES; ALFALFA; GRAINS AB Winter cereal production systems in the northern USA are inefficient with respect to the capture of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during the year. Our objectives were to determine radiation use efficiency (RUE) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) at low (67-125 plants m(-2)), medium (116-170 plants m(-2)), and high (205-332 plants m(-2)) plant densities and RUE of interseeded red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) during two growth periods after cereal harvest. During the linear phase of cereal growth (GS 30-80), RUE averaged across plant density was 3.50 g MJ(-1) for wheat and 3.21 for triticale in 2004 and 3.37 for wheat in 2006. In 2006, triticale RUE was similar at the low and medium plant density (3.28 g MJ(-1)) but lower at the high plant density (2.84 g MJ(-1)). Red clover RUE following wheat and triticale differed by growth period and exhibited varying levels of plant density dependence within growth period. Following wheat at the high plant density, RUE ranged from 1.40 to 1.97 g MJ(-1) across years and growth periods. Following cereal harvest in mid-July until early October, red clover interseeded in wheat intercepted on average 65% (2004) and 35% (2006) of incident PAR. The wheat-red clover system was more robust than triticale-red clover for grain RUE and intercepting PAR after cereal harvest. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel De, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM singer@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1179 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0033 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 189XS UT WOS:000248022500034 ER PT J AU Bier, DM AF Bier, Dennis M. TI Back to the future SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bier, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dbier@bcm.tmc.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189IF UT WOS:000247981900001 PM 17616754 ER PT J AU Bier, DM Abrams, SA Bowman, BA Fukagawa, NK Gitlin, JD Klurfeld, DM Sacks, FM AF Bier, Dennis M. Abrams, Steven A. Bowman, Barbara A. Fukagawa, Naomi K. Gitlin, Jonathan D. Klurfeld, David M. Sacks, Frank M. TI Conflict of interest policy for editors of the American journal of clinical nutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA USA. RP Bier, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dbier@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189IF UT WOS:000247981900002 PM 17616755 ER PT J AU Fisher, J Liu, Y Birch, LL Rolls, BJ AF Fisher, Jennifer Liu, Yan Birch, Leann L. Rolls, Barbara J. TI Effects of portion size and energy density on young children's intake at a meal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE portion size; energy density; eating behavior; children; satiation ID FREE-LIVING HUMANS; SELF-REGULATION; FOOD-INTAKE; CALORIC COMPENSATION; US CHILDREN; OBESITY; WEIGHT; WOMEN; ASSOCIATIONS; DIETS AB Background: Large portions of energy-dense foods are one feature of obesity-promoting dietary environments. Entree portion size has been shown to influence energy intake at meals by young children. The role of energy density (ED) in children's response to portion size, however, is unknown. Objective: We aimed to test the effects of portion size and ED on children's food and energy intakes at a meal. Design: Participants were 53 (28 girls and 25 boys; 15 Hispanic, 20 black, 16 white, 2 other race) 5- to 6-y-old children [mean ( SD) body mass index percentile: = 61 +/- 28]. A 2 X 2 within-subjects design was used to manipulate entree portion size (250 compared with 500 g) and ED (1.3 compared with 1.8 kcal/g). Fixed portions of other familiar foods were provided. Weighed intake, food preference, and weight and height data were obtained. Results: Effects of portion size (P < 0.0001) and ED (P < 0.0001) on entree energy intake were independent but additive. Energy intake from other foods at the meal did not vary across conditions. Compared with the reference portion size and ED condition, children consumed 76% more energy from the entree and 34% more energy at the meal when served the larger, more energy-dense entree. Effects did not vary by sex, age, entree preference, or body mass index z score. Conclusions: These findings provide new evidence that portion size and ED act additively to promote energy intake at meals among preschool-aged children. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fisher, J (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Suite 4004, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jfisher@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD032973-10, R01 HD032973]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK071095] NR 34 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189IF UT WOS:000247981900025 PM 17616778 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Milton, RC Gensler, G Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Milton, Roy C. Gensler, Gary Taylor, Allen TI Association between dietary glycernic index and age-related macular degeneration in nondiabetic participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE retina; nutrition; carbohydrate; diabetes; insulin; cardiovascular diseases; glycation; fat; inflammation; aging; stress; epidemiology; risk factor; insulin-like growth factor ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; GLYCEMIC INDEX; RISK-FACTORS; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CARBOHYDRATE; GLUCOSE; AREDS; LOAD; FAT AB Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of irreversible blindness. AMD appears to share several carbohydrate-related mechanisms and risk factors with diabetes-related diseases, including retinopathy and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, to date, only one small study has addressed this issue. Objective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that dietary glycemic index (dGI), which has been related to the risk of diabetes and CVD, is associated with the risk and severity of AMD in nondiabetic elderly populations. Design: Dietary information was obtained from 4099 participants aged 55-80 y (56% women) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). A total of 8125 eligible eyes at baseline were classified into 1 of 5 AMD groups according to the size and extent of drusen, the presence of geographic atrophy, and neovascular changes. We used a generalized estimating approach to evaluate the relations between dGI and risk and severity of AMD with eyes as the unit of analysis. Results: Compared with eyes in the first quintile of dGI, eyes in the fourth and fifth quintiles had a significantly or suggestively higher risk of large drusen, geographic atrophy, and neovascularization. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for the highest quintile were 1.42 (1.09, 1.84), 1.78 (0.81, 3.90), and 1.41 (0.95, 2.08), respectively, of which only the odds ratio for large drusen was significant. A significant positive relation between dGI and severity of AMD was also noted (P for trend < 0.001). There was a 49% increase in the risk of advanced AMD (geographic atrophy plus neovascularization) for persons with a dGI higher than the sex median (women: >= 77.9; men: >= 79.3). This result indicated that 20% of prevalent cases of AMD would have been eliminated if the AREDS participants consumed diets with a dGI below the median. Conclusion: The association between dGI and AMD from the AREDS cross-sectional analysis at baseline suggests that a reduction in the dGI, a modifiable risk factor, may provide a means of diminishing the risk of AMD. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EMMES Corp, AREDS Coordinating Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R03-EY014183-01A2]; PHS HHS [R01-13250] NR 48 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 180 EP 188 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189IF UT WOS:000247981900026 PM 17616779 ER PT J AU Himburg, HA Dowd, SE Friedman, MH AF Himburg, Heather A. Dowd, Scot E. Friedman, Morton H. TI Frequency-dependent response of the vascular endothelium to pulsatile shear stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; microarray; gene expression; heart rate; harmonic analysis ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DISTURBED FLOW; GENE ONTOLOGY; WAVE-FORMS; CELLS; EXPRESSION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ADHESION AB As a result of the complex blood flow patterns that occur in the arterial tree, certain regions of the vessel wall experience fluctuations in shear stress that are dominated by harmonic frequencies higher than the heart rate (11). To assess whether variations in frequency affect endothelial gene expression, the gene expression patterns of cultured porcine aortic endothelium exposed to three sinusoidal waveforms (1, 2, and 3 Hz; amplitude = 15 dyn/cm(2)) and one physiological waveform were compared with the expression profiles elicited by steady flow. At each frequency, including steady flow, three levels of mean shear stress (0, 7.5, and 15 dyn/cm(2)) were used. After 24 h shear exposure, RNA was extracted for microarray analysis against 10,665 Sus scrofa oligonucleotides. A two-way ANOVA identified 232 genes of which their transcription was differentially modulated by frequency, while mean shear significantly affected the expression of similar to 3,000 genes. One-way ANOVAs showed that the number of frequency-dependent genes increased as the mean shear stress was reduced. At 1 Hz, several inflammatory transcripts were repressed relative to steady flow, including VCAM and IL-8, whereas several atheroprotective transcripts were induced. The anti-inflammatory response at 1 Hz was reversed at 2 Hz. The proinflammatory response evoked by the higher frequency was most pronounced under reversing and oscillatory shear. This study suggests that arterial regions subject to both shear reversal and dominant frequencies that exceed the normal heart rate are at greater risk for atherosclerotic lesion development. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Friedman, MH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM mhfriedm@duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 50442] NR 30 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 293 IS 1 BP H645 EP H653 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.01087.2006 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 189DE UT WOS:000247968800078 PM 17322417 ER PT J AU Whitworth, JL Novy, RG Pavek, JJ Corsini, DL Lozoya-Saldana, H Yilma, S Mosley, AR Vales, MI AF Whitworth, Jonathan L. Novy, Richard G. Pavek, Joseph J. Corsini, Dennis L. Lozoya-Saldana, Hector Yilma, Solomon Mosley, Alvin R. Vales, M. Isabel TI Multiple-site identification of potato parent clones conferring high levels of late blight resistance with a corresponding genetic model for resistance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora infestans; resistance screening; Solanum tuberosum; gene pyramiding; inheritance; Toluca Valley ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; GERMPLASM RELEASE; UNITED-STATES; CULTIVARS; VARIETY; FOLIAGE; CANADA; ORIGIN; TUBERS AB Toluca Valley, Mexico, is the putative center of origin and diversity for Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the oomycete pathogen responsible for late blight, making it an ideal location for screening potato breeding populations for late blight resistance. Approximately 21,500 progeny from the USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, Idaho potato breeding program were evaluated from 1996 through 2005 by estimating the percentage of defoliation due to late blight throughout the growing season. Comparisons of the number of resistant progeny and their degree of resistance response from resistant x susceptible (RxS) and resistant x resistant (RxR) crosses were made across years. A clone of each progeny planted in Toluca Valley was also planted the same year near Aberdeen, Idaho, to screen for acceptable tuber type. Promising progeny phenotypes were then screened the following year for tuber late blight resistance at field plots near Corvallis, Oregon. The RxR late blight crosses produced 64% resistant progeny compared to 29% of the RxS crosses. The segregation for late blight resistance in progeny from specific RxS crosses best fits a 1R:3S ratio. This segregation ratio is best explained by a gene model in which resistance is conferred by the presence of a dominant allele at each of two loci. The greater percentage of resistant progeny from RxR crosses indicates the benefits of pyramiding resistance genes from diverse germplasm. Three promising late blight resistant parental clones with acceptable tuber type resulted from family A95053. Family A95053 has multiple sources of resistance that include Solanum demissum and Solanum stoloniferum, via female parent AWN86514-2 and male parent, B0718-3. C1 USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Chapingo, PICTIPAPA, Dept Plant Sci, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. Oregon State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Whitworth, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM jwhit@uidaho.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 215FS UT WOS:000249794300005 ER PT J AU Nzaramba, MN Bamberg, JB Miller, JC AF Nzaramba, M. Ndambe Bamberg, John B. Miller, J. Creighton, Jr. TI Effect of propagule type and growing environment on antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in potato germplasm SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANCER CELLS; OXIDATION; COLON; ACIDS AB Wild potato species are maintained primarily as botanical seed populations, so tuber trait studies require conversion of germplasin to tuber form. Such tubers may be obtained from seedlings produced directly from botanical seed or from plants grown from tuber propagules (tuberlings). Since most wild species require short days for tuberization, it is not possible to generate field tubers of these species in most USA locations. Historically, tubers for research evaluations have been generated in the artificial conditions of the winter greenhouse. Since the potato crop is normally grown from tubers produced from tuberlings grown in the field, it is important to know how much results differ when evaluating tubers that were produced from seedlings grown in the greenhouse. We compared antioxidant activity and phenolic content of tubers generated in the greenhouse at Sturgeon Bay, WI, from seedlings, and tubers generated from both seedlings and tuberlings in the field at the Kula Experiment Station, Kula, Maui, III. A'mini-core'set of 75 PIs representing 25 wild and primitive cultivated species was used. Differences in means of propagule types and growing environments were significant but not large. Average amount of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of tubers from field-grown seedlings was higher than that of tubers from tuberlings. These values were also higher in field-grown tubers than in greenhouse-grown tubers. Relative performance was similar regardless of environment or propagule type, with some important exceptions. Tubers of Solanum pinnatisectum and Solanum jamesii were high regardless of treatment. In contrast, tubers of certain Solanum microdontum, canasense, stenotomum and commersonii (species much more amenable to breeding) exhibited high antioxidant levels when produced in the field from tuberlings, but not when produced from greenhouse-grown seedlings. Thus, some germplasm may not exhibit useful antioxidant potential when tubers are produced in artificial greenhouse conditions. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Miller, JC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jcmillerjr@tamu.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 215FS UT WOS:000249794300006 ER PT J AU Van Eck, J Conlin, B Garvin, DF Mason, H Navarre, DA Brown, CR AF Van Eck, J. Conlin, B. Garvin, D. F. Mason, H. Navarre, D. A. Brown, C. R. TI Enhancing beta-carotene content in potato by RNAi-mediated silencing of the beta-carotene hydroxylase gene SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; beta-carotene; Solanum tuberosum; provitamin A; gene silencing; metabolic engineering ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; DIETARY CAROTENOIDS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; VITAMIN-C; EXPRESSION; TOMATO; BIOSYNTHESIS; ZEAXANTHIN; PROMOTER; DISEASE AB Plant carotenoids are lipid soluble pigments that play key roles in numerous plant functions. They also play significant roles in the human diet by serving as precursors for vitamin A synthesis and by reducing the occurrence of certain diseases. The purpose of this work was to identify novel methods for enhancing betacarotene content in potato, a major staple food crop. In particular, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the beta-carotene hydroxylase gene (bch), which converts beta-carotene to zeaxanthin. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was employed to introduce two RNAi constructs into three different potato lines ('Yema de Huevo', 91E22, and 'Desiree'). One construct contained the tuber-specific granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) promoter, and the other contained the strong constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter. Eighty-six percent of the silenced lines had altered carotenoid profiles, as revealed by HPLC. Beta-carotene content was increased from trace amounts in wild type tubers up to 331 mu g 100 g(-1) fresh weight. In addition, some transformants exhibited a significant decrease in zeaxanthin content and/or an increase in lutein. In general, transformants derived from the GBSS construct contained more beta-carotene than CaMV 35S transformants. Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of bch RNA abundance in tubers demonstrated that the extent of bch silencing varied between transformants, and was in most cases associated with the level of beta-carotene. Similarly, RT-PCR showed that bch silencing also occurred in leaves, but primarily in the CaMV 35S lines. These results demonstrate that silencing bch has the potential to increase the content of two health-promoting carotenoids, betacarotene and lutein, in potato. C1 Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Van Eck, J (reprint author), Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jv27@cornell.edu NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X EI 1874-9380 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 331 EP 342 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 215FS UT WOS:000249794300007 ER PT J AU Adams, SB AF Adams, Susan B. TI Direct and indirect effects of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) on native crayfishes (Cambaridae) in experimental tanks SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISH PREDATION; STREAM POOLS; BODY-SIZE; HABITAT; REPLACEMENT; COMPETITION; PREY AB For the incised, sand-bed streams of north-central Mississippi, USA, fish predation is one plausible mechanism to explain both relatively low crayfish densities and differences in stream size occupied by various native crayfishes. I conducted two mesocosm experiments to test effects of a fish predator (channel catfish, Ictaluras punctatus) on the survival and size structure of native crayfishes (primarily Procambarus hayi and Orconectes chickasawae) in the presence and absence of shelter. I used predominantly the larger species, P. hayi, in the first experiment and the smaller species, O. chickasawae, in the second. Experiments lasted 19-21 d, and each consisted of four replicated treatments: crayfish without shelter, crayfish with shelter, crayfish and predator without shelter, crayfish and predator with shelter. In both experiments, catfish significantly reduced crayfish survival. Shelter significantly reduced catfish predation on the smaller, but not the larger, crayfish species. Comparisons between experiments showed that in tanks containing catfish, P. hayi had higher survival than O. chickasawae. In both experiments, the mean size of crayfish increased less in the presence than in the absence of catfish, and I argue that the effect is due largely to a reduction in crayfish growth. Channel catfish directly and indirectly influenced crayfish in experimental settings, with the degree of influence varying by crayfish species and presumably related to crayfish size. Thus, fish predation and shelter availability are likely important factors influencing densities of and macrohabitat use by these native crayfishes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Adams, SB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM sadams01@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[85:DAIEOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ES UT WOS:000248327800007 ER PT J AU Hackett, HM Lesmeister, DB Desanty-Combes, J Montague, WG Millspaugh, JJ Gompper, ME AF Hackett, H. Mundy Lesmeister, Damon B. Desanty-Combes, Jacqueline Montague, Warren G. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Gompper, Matthew E. TI Detection rates of eastern spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius) in Missouri and Arkansas using live-capture and non-invasive techniques SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS; TRAPS; CARNIVORES; ABUNDANCE; RACCOONS; FOREST; RANGE AB The eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) is a rare species of conservation concern throughout much of its range, but effective management is hampered by a lack of information on appropriate survey strategies. We validated three commonly used techniques to identify the presence of eastern spotted skunks at four sites in Missouri and Arkansas where the species was known to occur. Live-capture with box-traps revealed a strong seasonal pattern in capture success in both states, with virtually all captures occurring between late Sept. and early May. This pattern of detection also occurred when surveys were conducted using non-invasive camera-traps and enclosed track-plates in Missouri. Track-plates were more efficient than camera-traps at detecting eastern spotted skunks, with a lower latency to initial detection (LTD) and higher probability of detection (POD). Our results indicate that the use of enclosed track-plates is a powerful non-invasive technique for detecting eastern spotted skunks when surveys are conducted between late Sept. and early May. Surveys conducted during late spring and summers are inappropriate given the high likelihood of not detecting the species despite its presence. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Forest Serv, Waldron, AR 72958 USA. RP Hackett, HM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[123:DROESS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ES UT WOS:000248327800010 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. TI Roost characteristics of hoary bats in Arkansas SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RED BATS; LASIURUS-BOREALIS; SELECTION; PIPISTRELLUS AB We radiotracked nine hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and characterized 12 roosts during late spring and early summer in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas. Hoary bats generally roosted on the easterly sides of tree canopies in the foliage of white oaks (Quercus alba), post oaks (Q. stellata) and shortleaf pines (Pinus echinata). Roost heights averaged 16.5 +/- 2.2 m and all roost trees were > 21 cm dbh and were taller and greater in diameter than random trees. Roost sites averaged 7.7 m(2)/ha basal area (BA) of overstory pines, 4.4 m(2)/ha BA of overstory hardwoods and 80% canopy cover. Roost sites had a greater number of understory stems than random sites. All roosts were located in stands dominated by mature (overstory > 50 y old) overstory trees. Seven roosts were in relatively unmanaged mixed pine-hardwood and hardwood stands > 50 y old and four roosts were in mature mixed pine-hardwoods stands that recently had been thinned and subjected to prescribed burning; one additional roost was located outside the study area in a mature shortleaf pine stand that was thinned approximately 10 y previously. Although not abundant during early summer in Arkansas (only 3% of our captures), hoary bats were confirmed to reproduce in the region. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[132:RCOHBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ES UT WOS:000248327800011 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Wallace, MC Gilliland, RL Gipson, PS AF Kamler, Jan F. Ballard, Warren B. Wallace, Mark C. Gilliland, Rick L. Gipson, Philip S. TI Dietary overlap of swift foxes and coyotes in northwestern Texas SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID JOAQUIN KIT FOXES; WESTERN KANSAS; FOOD-HABITS; RED FOXES; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; VULPES VELOX; COMPETITION; POPULATION; CARNIVORES AB Predation by coyotes (Canis latrans) has been documented as the main cause of mortality in most populations of swift foxes (Vulpes velox), although reasons for such high predation rates were often unclear. Additionally, coyotes kill but generally do not consume swift foxes suggesting coyotes kill for reasons other than food. To better understand ecological relationships between these species, we studied dietary overlap of syntopic coyotes and swift foxes in northwestern Texas from 1998 to 2000. Both species consumed the same food items and had similar seasonal changes in diets, although the order of these items differed for each species. Overall, coyotes and swift foxes had high dietary overlap (Ro = 0.856), although some dietary partitioning was evident based on food size categories. Dietary overlap was least in summer (Ro = 0.714) and greatest in winter (Ro = 0.859). Swift fox diets were dominated by small food items (i.e., rodents and insects), whereas coyote diets had nearly equal representation of all food classes. The similarity in diets between coyotes and swift foxes indicated the potential for resource competition between these species, although we did not determine food availability. Regardless, the killing and spatial displacement of swift foxes by coyotes throughout their distribution might be due to their high food resource overlap, especially because coyote populations tend to be limited by prey availability. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. W Texas State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ballard, WB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM warren.ballard@ttu.edu RI Wallace, Mark/A-1263-2010; Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[139:DOOSFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ES UT WOS:000248327800012 ER PT J AU Morey, PS Gese, EM Gehrt, S AF Morey, Paul S. Gese, Eric M. Gehrt, Stanley TI Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of coyotes in the Chicago metropolitan area SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; CANIS-LATRANS; NATIONAL-PARK; FOOD-HABITS; WESTERN WASHINGTON; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; FEEDING-HABITS; HOME-RANGE; DENSITIES; WINTER AB Coyotes (Canis latrans) are an opportunistic predator that have adapted to many human-modified environments. Conflicts between coyotes and humans are an increasing concern for managers in urban areas. We examined the spatial and temporal utilization and availability of natural and human-associated food for coyotes in the Chicago metropolitan area, Illinois, USA. We collected 1429 coyote scats from May 2000 to December 2002, and conducted prey surveys in 2002, in 4 sites that varied in their degree of urban development. Dominant food items included small rodents, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), fruit, eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and birds. Their availability and occurrence in scats varied among sites and seasons. The occurrence of human-associated food items, which was only found in significant amounts in the most developed site, varied seasonally (2-25%). Because coyotes in less-developed areas had lower dietary diversity, these coyotes may have to venture into developed areas when there is a decline in the abundance of major prey species for that specific area. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Morey, PS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Dolores Publ Lands Off, POB 210, Dolores, CO 81323 USA. EM pmorey@fs.fed.us RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 57 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 13 U2 73 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[147:SATVIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ES UT WOS:000248327800013 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, James A. TI Direct and acclimatory responses of dark respiration and translocation to temperature SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE temperature; acclimation; respiration; translocation; soybean; amaranth ID SOYBEAN LEAVES; CARBOHYDRATE EXPORT; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; PLANT RESPIRATION; LEAF RESPIRATION; WHEAT LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CO2; GROWTH; AMBIENT AB Background and Aims Accounting for the acclimation of respiration of plants to temperature remains a major problem in analysis of carbon balances of plants and ecosystems. Translocation of carbohydrates out of leaves in the dark requires energy from respiration. In this study relationships between the responses of leaf respiration and translocation to temperature are examined. Methods Direct and acclimatory responses to temperature of respiration and translocation in the dark were investigated in mature leaves of soybean and amaranth. In some cases translocation from leaves was prevented by heat-girdling the phloem in the leaf petiole, or photosynthesis during the previous day was altered. Key Results In both species short-term increases in temperature early in the dark period led to exponential increases in rates of respiration. However, respiration rates decreased toward the end of the dark period at higher temperatures. Stopping translocation largely prevented this decrease in respiration, suggesting that the decrease in respiration was due to low availability of substrates. In soybean, translocation also increased with temperature, and both respiration and translocation fully acclimated to temperature. In amaranth, translocation in the dark was independent of temperature, and respiration did not acclimate to temperature. Respiration and translocation rates both decreased with lower photosynthesis during the previous day in the two species. Conclusions Substrate supply limited total night-time respiration in both species at high temperatures and following days with low photosynthesis. This resulted in an apparent acclimation of respiration to high temperatures within one night in both species. However, after long-term exposure to different temperatures there was no evidence that lack of substrates limited respiration in either species. In amaranth, respiration did not limit translocation rates over the temperature range of 20-35 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1093/aob/mcm071 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192CM UT WOS:000248178400009 PM 17483153 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr. TI Life table analysis for Cactoblastis cactorum immatures and female adults under five constant temperatures: Implications for pest management SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cactus moth; life history; Opuntia cacti; development; fecundity ID MEXICAN RICE BORER; HISTORY PARAMETERS; BERG LEPIDOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AFRICA; CACTUS MOTH; JALISCO FLY; HOST-PLANT; PYRALIDAE; ALEYRODIDAE AB The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was reported in Florida in 1989, and it is expanding its geographical range to threaten Opuntia cactus (Cactaceae) in the southwestern United States, into Mexico, where it is an important economic crop. Laboratory life history studies were conducted at 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34 degrees C to understand cactus moth biology and to develop strategies for control. Duration of immature stages was generally longest at 18 degrees C, declining significantly at 22 degrees C, and shortest at 26, 30, and 34 degrees C. Total immature developmental time from eggs to pupae was approximate to 180 d at 18 degrees C, 116 at 22 degrees C, and ranged from 65 to 72 d at 26-34 degrees C. Developmental rate for egg-to-pupal stages was estimated using the logistic equation, rate = 0.0165/(1 + (T/20.7093)(-5-8823)). Percentage survival of immatures was usually lowest at the temperature extremes tested (18 and 34 degrees C), but they did not differ between the sexes. Estimated lower developmental threshold temperature was 13.3 degrees C, resulting in estimated degree-days for development from approximate to 845 at 18 degrees C to 1,387 at 34 degrees C. In general, pupal weights declined with increasing temperature, and they were always lower in males than in females. Female adult survivorship was longest at 18 degrees C, and shortest at 34 degrees C, with the other treatments clustered between the temperature extremes. The highest reproductive values were found at 30 degrees C, which indicates an approximate optimal temperature. Net reproductive rate (R,), gross reproductive rate (GRR), generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (A), and doubling time (DT) were 43.68 female/female, 44.02 female/female, 67.14 d, 0.0562 female/female/d, 1.058 female/female/d, and 12.33 d, respectively. An oviposition rate surface describing mean oviposition rate as a function of time and temperature was, eggs = (-11.241 + 0.854T) d exp (-0.020Td). Given the life history characteristics found in this study and other studies, cost-effective pest management strategies against C. cactorum are discussed. C1 Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM jlegaspi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[497:LTAFCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185MH UT WOS:000247714600008 ER PT J AU Calcaterra, LA Meer, RKV Pitts, JP Livore, JP Tsutsui, ND AF Calcaterra, Luis A. Meer, Robert K. Vander Pitts, James P. Livore, Juan P. Tsutsui, Neil D. TI Survey of Solenopsis fire ants and their parasitoid flies (Diptera : Phoridae : Pseudacteon) in central Chile and central western Argentina SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis gayi; Pseudacteon obtusus; geographical distribution; fire ants; biological control ID POSTPHARYNGEAL-GLAND; SAEVISSIMA COMPLEX; GROUP HYMENOPTERA; SOUTH-AMERICA; FORMICIDAE; INVASIONS; SEQUENCES; PATTERNS; GEMINATA; INVICTA AB Twenty-two species of Pseudacteon flies (Diptera: Phoridae) are known to attack fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, but none are known in Chile. Surveys were conducted in central Chile and at similar latitudes in Western Argentina to detect the presence of fire ants and parasitoid flies and to determine their relationship. Flies and fire ants were much more common and abundant in Argentina. In total, 100 colonies of four fire ant species were found at 63.6% of the sites surveyed. In contrast, only six colonies of one species, Solenopsis gayi (Spinola), were found at 4.7% of the sites surveyed in Chile. Our survey includes the first record of five parasitic fly species in central western Argentina and a new host, Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel. The large form of Pseudacteon obtusus Borgmeier was found attacking S. gayi in. Chile, which is the first record in that country, and the first record on this host species. The southern-most and western-most records were established for fire ant-decapitating flies. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicates that S. gayi is genetically closer to the Argentine fire ants (saevissima-group) than the North American S. geminata-group. However, S. gayi venom alkaloid composition is similar to S. geminata-group, whereas cuticular hydrocarbon composition has characteristics of both groups. Analysis of mtDNA from the collected flies supports the monophyly of P. obtusus and suggests that the Chilean population is similar to populations in eastern Argentina. The presence of P. obtusus in Chile could be explained by immigrant parasitized fire ant species from Argentina or by an accidental introduction. C1 USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Calcaterra, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Bolivar 1559,B1686EFA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM luiscalcaterra@hotmail.com NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 512 EP 521 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[512:SOSFAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185MH UT WOS:000247714600010 ER PT J AU Roehrdanz, RL Levine, E AF Roehrdanz, R. L. Levine, E. TI Wolbachia bacterial infections linked to mitochondrial DNA reproductive isolation among populations of northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE corn rootworm; Wolbachia; mtDNA; wsp; ftsZ ID CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; MTDNA VARIATION; EVOLUTION; PIPIENTIS; SEQUENCES; INSECTS; ARTHROPODS; DIVERGENCE; PHYLOGENY AB The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Cbrysomelidae) is an agricultural pest that ranges from the eastern Dakotas to Kansas and east to the Atlantic coast. The endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia has been detected in northern corn rootworm populations from east of the Mississippi River. Using the Wolbachia 16S rDNA,ftsZ and wsp genes a boundary was identified in central Illinois, between infected and uninfected populations with the infected populations found to the east of the boundary. Sequences of portions of the Wolbachia fts Z and wsp genes have been obtained from four geographic locations of northern corn rootworm. Within infected northern corn rootworm populations, two strains have been detected. The 1,058-bp ftsZ sequences from northern corn rootworm indicate that both strains belong to the Wolbachia super-group A. NCR Type 1 Wolbachia was found from eastern Illinois to Pennsylvania. NCR Type 2 Wolbachia occurs in central Illinois. The approximate to 600-bp wsp sequences from the two strains are also dramatically different. Strain differences in restriction fragment length polymorphism, patterns of the Wolbachia-specific amplicons were used to determine the distribution of the strains. The boundary between these two strains of Wolbachia in native populations of northern corn rootworm correlates with a previously observed mitochondrial DNA genetic boundary in eastern Illinois, suggesting that the two Wolbachia strains are incompatible and little if any introgression occurs between the two infected populations. The results demonstrate that Wolbachia can influence the genetics of a major insect pest over a wide geographic area and that it may be driving reproductive isolation between populations of northern corn rootworm. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Ecol Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Roehrdanz, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM roehrdar@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 522 EP 531 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[522:WBILTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185MH UT WOS:000247714600011 ER PT J AU Ekesi, S Nderitu, PW Chang, CL AF Ekesi, Sunday Nderitu, Peterson W. Chang, Chiou Ling TI Adaptation to and small-scale rearing of invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera : Tephritidae) on artificial diet SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera invadens; adaptation; artificial diet; rearing ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; LIQUID LARVAL DIET; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; LATIFRONS DIPTERA; FLIES; AFRICA; SYSTEM; HOST AB Larval rearing of Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White (Diptera: Tephritidae) on artificial diet is described. The adaptation process for this insect, when moved from whole mango, Mangifera indica L., fruit rearing to artificial diet based on wheat bran, took between three and five generations to reach the plateau of quality control parameters observed for rearing the insect on whole mango fruit. Small-scale rearing on wheat, Triticum aestivum L.-, or carrot, Daucus corata-based diet revealed significantly higher pupal recovery for flies reared on the wheat-based artificial diet (68.8%) compared with the carrot-based diet (58.2%). Weekly production of puparia was 3,966.8 on wheat- and 3,012.1 on carrot-based diet. Other quality control parameters, including pupal weight, adult emergence, flight ability, fecundity, and fertility did not differ significantly between the two artificial rearing media tested. C1 ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya. USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ekesi, S (reprint author), ICIPE, POB 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. EM sekesi@icipe.org NR 27 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[562:ATASRO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185MH UT WOS:000247714600015 ER PT J AU Eitam, A Vargas, RI AF Eitam, Avi Vargas, Roger I. TI Host habitat preference of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), a parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; egg-pupal parasitoid; host location; Tephritidae ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; PSYTTALIA-FLETCHERI HYMENOPTERA; MELON FLY DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HAWAII; POPULATIONS; SUPPRESSION; ABUNDANCE; ORCHARDS; PAPAYA AB The braconid parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a candidate for augmentative biological control of tephritid fruit flies. In the Puna district of Hawaii Island, E arisanus parasitized 41-72% of oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), in wild common guava, Psidium guajava L.; strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum Sabine; and tropical almond, Tenninalia catappa L. In commercial papaya, Catica papaya L., in the same region, parasitism was only 22% in tree-collected fruit and 3% in ground-collected fruit. The low level of parasitism in papaya suggests that wild parasitoids may not track the host flies well in commercial fruit and that augmentative parasitoid releases could potentially increase parasitism and thus suppress host fly populations in this habitat. The very low parasitism in ground-collected papaya suggests that E arisanus may avoid foraging on ground fruit. Field cage experiments support this hypothesis. Numbers of females observed on tree fruit were two-fold higher than on ground fruit in small cages and 4-6-fold higher in large cages. In an experiment conducted in a papaya orchard, sentinel fruit was placed within the canopy, on the trunk, or on the ground. Parasitism was significantly higher in the canopy-placed fruit in only one of three trials. This variable response to ground fruit in the field suggests that augmentative parasitoid releases may have a significant, albeit reduced, effect on host populations under conditions of poor sanitation. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Eitam, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM eitam@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[603:HHPOFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185MH UT WOS:000247714600021 ER PT J AU Rose, R Dively, GP Pettis, J AF Rose, Robyn Dively, Galen P. Pettis, Jeff TI Effects of Bt corn pollen on honey bees: emphasis on protocol development SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Cry1Ab; power analysis; transgenic plants; risk assessment ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; APIS-MELLIFERA; HYPOPHARYNGEAL GLANDS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; TOXICITY; FIELD; CONSUMPTION; INGESTION; SURVIVAL AB Laboratory feeding studies showed no effects on the weight and survival of honey bees feeding on Cry1Ab-expressing sweet corn pollen for 35 days. In field studies, colonies foraging in sweet corn plots and fed Bt pollen cakes for 28 days showed no adverse effects on bee weight, foraging activity, and colony performance. Brood development was not affected by exposure to Bt pollen but significantly reduced by the positive insecticide control. The number of foragers returning with pollen loads, pollen load weight, and forager weight were the most consistent endpoints as indicators of foraging activity. Using variances of measured endpoints, experimental designs required to detect a range of effect sizes at 80% statistical power were determined. Discussed are methods to ensure exposure to pollen, duration of exposure, positive controls, and appropriate endpoints to consider in planning laboratory and field studies to evaluate the nontarget effects of transgenic pollen. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20402 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. USDA, Bee Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dively, GP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, 4112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20402 USA. EM galen@umd.edu NR 30 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 25 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 368 EP 377 DI 10.1051/apido:2007022 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 219KL UT WOS:000250083400006 ER PT J AU Torto, B Arbogast, RT Alborn, H Suazo, A van Engelsdorp, D Boucias, D Tumlinson, JH Teal, PEA AF Torto, Baldwyn Arbogast, Richard T. Alborn, Hans Suazo, Alonso van Engelsdorp, Dennis Boucias, Drion Tumlinson, James H. Teal, Peter E. A. TI Composition of volatiles from fermenting pollen dough and attractiveness to the small hive beetle Aethina tumida, a parasite of the honeybee Apis mellifera SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; pollen dough; volatile; electrophysiology ID CARPOPHILUS-HUMERALIS; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; DROSOPHILA AB The response of the small hive beetle ( SHB), Aethina tumida Murray, to volatiles from a pollen-based diet conditioned by the feeding of 100 adult virgin female or male SHBs ( 4-8 weeks old) for 1, 3, 7 or 14 days is described and compared to that of the same diet inoculated with the yeast Kodamaea ohmeri ( NRRL Y-30722), isolated from the beetle. In a wind tunnel, volatiles from pollen dough conditioned by beetles of either sex for 3 or 7 days lured significantly more beetles into traps than volatiles from unconditioned dough. In contrast, trap captures with volatiles from dough conditioned for 1 and 14 days were weakly attractive. In cage bioassays, when naive, unfed, virgin, SHBs ( 3-4 days old) were given a choice between yeast-inoculated pollen dough and non-inoculated dough, the responses were similar to those obtained in the wind tunnel with dough conditioned by SHBs for 3 and 7 days. Chemical analysis revealed high levels of fermentation-related products in volatiles that attracted the beetle. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 380 EP 389 DI 10.1051/apido:2007024 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 219KL UT WOS:000250083400008 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Kniel, KE Derevianko, A Ling, J Bhagwat, AA AF Sharma, Manan Kniel, Kalmia E. Derevianko, Alexandra Ling, Jason Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI Sensitivity of Escherichia albertii, a potential food-borne pathogen, to food preservation treatments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAFNIA-ALVEI; ACID-RESISTANCE; GENUS ESCHERICHIA; COLI STRAINS; RPOS; HETEROGENEITY; GLUTAMATE; PRESSURE; O157-H7 AB Escherichia albertii is a potential food-borne pathogen because of its documented ability to cause diarrhea] disease by producing attachment and effacement lesions. Its tolerances to heat (56 degrees C), acid (pH 3.0), and pressure (500 MPa [5 min]) were evaluated and found to be significantly less than those of wild-type E. coli O157:H7. C1 USDA ARS, Food Technol & Safety Lab, ANRI, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Prod & Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Technol & Safety Lab, ANRI, BARC EAST, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manan.sharma@ars.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI30058, N01AI30058] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 13 BP 4351 EP 4353 DI 10.1128/AEM.03001-06 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 190PA UT WOS:000248070000033 PM 17468283 ER PT J AU Fife, JP Ozkan, HE Derksen, RC Grewal, PS AF Fife, J. P. Ozkan, H. E. Derksen, R. C. Grewal, P. S. TI Effects of pumping on entomopathogenic nematodes and temperature increase within a spray system SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE biopesticide; pumping; spray system; temperature ID PEST-CONTROL AGENT; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; STRESS TOLERANCE; BIOPESTICIDES; INFECTIVITY; VIABILITY AB Exposure to hydrodynamic stresses and increased temperature during hydraulic agitation within a spray system could cause permanent damage to biological pesticides during spray application. Damage to a benchmark biopesticide, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), was measured after a single passage through three different pump types (centrifugal, diaphragm, and roller) at operating pressures up to 828 kPa. No mechanical damage to the EPNs due to passage through the pumps was observed. Separate tests evaluated the effect of pump recirculation on temperature increase of water within a laboratory spray system (56.8-L spray tank) and a conventional-scale spray system (1136-L spray tank). A constant volume of water (45.4 L) was recirculated through each pump at 15.1 L/min within the laboratory spray system. After 2 h, the temperature increase for the centrifugal pump was 33.6 degrees C, and for the diaphragm and roller pumps was 8.5 degrees C and 11.2 degrees C, respectively. The centrifugal pump was also evaluated within the conventional spray system, under both a constant (757 L) and reducing volume scenario, resulting in an average temperature increase of 3.2 degrees C and 6.5 degrees C, respectively, during the 3-h test period. When comparing the number of recirculations for each test, the rate of temperature increase was the same for the conventional spray, system (for both the constant and reducing volume scenarios), while for the laboratory spray system the temperature increased at a greater rate, suggesting that the volume capacity of the spray tank is the primary factor influencing the temperature increase. Results from this study indicate that thermal influences during pump recirculation could be more detrimental to EPNs than mechanical stress. Results show that extensive recirculation of the tank mix can cause considerable increases in the liquid temperature. Diaphragm and roller pumps (low-capacity pumps) are better suited for use with biopesticides compared to the centrifugal pump, which was found to contribute significant heat to the spray system. C1 Ohio State Univ, FABE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, Wooster, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, OARDC, Wooster, OH USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Fife, JP (reprint author), 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM fifej@battelle.org NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 202UE UT WOS:000248928500001 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Bergtold, JS AF Raper, R. L. Bergtold, J. S. TI In-row subsoiling: A review and suggestions for reducing cost of this conservation tillage operation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE subsoiling; compaction; cover crops; conservation tillage; conservation agriculture ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; DEEP TILLAGE; ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; COTTON RESPONSE; CORN YIELDS; STRENGTH; WATER; INFILTRATION; MANAGEMENT AB In-row subsoiling has been used in the southern United States as a standard production practice to reduce the ill effects of soil compaction. Much of the subsoiling literature from the southern United States indicates that significant increases in productivity are found when in-row subsoiling is used, with the most success being found on sandier soils. However; the cost of this operation is relatively expensive and significant gains in crop yield must be obtained to pay for the tillage practice. Much can also be done to reduce the cost of the in-row subsoiling operation. A number of research studies are presented that indicate various methods that can be used to reduce the cost of in-row subsoiling, primarily through reductions in energy costs via fuel consumption. These methods include: proper selection of subsoiler shanks, appropriate selection of subsoiler depth, appropriate selection of soil moisture for subsoiling, reducing frequency of subsoiling, controlling vehicle tragic, and consideration of other methods of compaction reduction, including the use of cover crops. The fuel portion of the cost of subsoiling is approximately 25% without energy-saving strategies but can be reduced to approximately 16% of the total cost of subsoiling, which includes labor, fuel, repair and maintenance, and fixed costs. The estimated cost of in-row subsoiling using data from 2005 can be reduced from $33.52 to $29.79/ha which is a savings of $3.73/ha. Use of these methods should allow in-row subsoiling to continue to be a valuable part of conservation agricultural systems. C1 USDA ARS, Natl soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 463 EP 471 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 202UE UT WOS:000248928500009 ER PT J AU McCann, IR Starr, JL AF McCann, I. R. Starr, J. L. TI Use of multisensor capacitance probes as irrigation management tool in humid areas: Case studies and experiments from the mid-atlantic region SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; soil water content; capacitance; sensor; drip; sprinkler ID SOIL-WATER DYNAMICS; CORN AB Multisensor capacitance probes (MCPs) were used to provide valuable and detailed information on soil water dynamics under irrigated farm management in Delaware. Near-continuous real-time soil water content and dynamics were measured at five soil depths within the rootzone of : l) farmer-managed drip and sprinkler irrigation of several crops in 2002 and 2003; and 2) researcher-managed drip-irrigated watermelons (L. Citrullus lanatus) under irrigation rates of 50%, 100%, and 150% (low, medium, and high) relative to ET0 in 2004 and 2005. The objectives were to assess how these probes might be used to improve irrigation management and to examine the dynamics of soil water under humid conditions and typical grower management. The farmer-managed irrigations generally had a primary active rooting depth of 35 cm, but irrigation water was commonly observed to percolate to 100-cm depth. The high irrigation rate in the researcher-managed trials (more typical of farmer management) resulted in 29% of the irrigations causing water percolation to 70 cm, which was about six times the rate under medium irrigation. The yield of watermelon was not significantly affected by the wide range in irrigation amount, indicating that growers could reduce irrigation in humid conditions without impacting yield or quality. The use of MCPs would enable accurate monitoring of soil water trends and, in combination with weather forecasts, provide confidence that reducing typical irrigation amounts should not result in crop water stress or decreased yield. C1 Univ Delaware REC, Dept Bioresource Engn, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP McCann, IR (reprint author), Univ Delaware REC, Dept Bioresource Engn, 16483 Ctr Seat Highway, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. EM mccann@udel.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 475 EP 483 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 202UE UT WOS:000248928500010 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Prestwich, CJ Evans, RG AF Bjorneberg, D. L. Prestwich, C. J. Evans, R. G. TI Evaluating the surface irrigation soil loss (SISL) model SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE furrow irrigation; furrow erosion; irrigation erosion model ID FURROW IRRIGATION; EROSION; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF AB The SISL (surface irrigation soil loss) model was developed by the Idaho Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in 1991 to estimate annual soil loss from furrow irrigated fields to assess benefits of conservation practices, such as converting from furrow to sprinkler irrigation. This empirical model was based on over 200 field-years of data from southern Idaho, but it has not been independently evaluated. Data collected in 2003 from six production fields near Kimberly, Idaho, along with previously published furrow irrigation erosion data from Kimberly, Idaho and Prosser, Washington, were used to evaluate the SISL model. Predicted soil loss correlated reasonably well with measured soil loss for all three data sets (r(2)= 0.73, n = 30). The model predicted the relative effects of conservation tillage practices, straw mulching, and surge irrigation reasonably well, however, the absolute differences between measured and predicted soil loss were sometimes large. Number of irrigations is embedded in the base soil loss so SISL cannot be applied when irrigation application varies significantly from typical southern Idaho conditions. The limited number of conservation practice factors included in SISL also did not represent all types and frequencies of tillage operations that occurred in the field. A better approach may be to calculate the base soil loss from field length, slope, soil, and some estimate of runoff rather than selecting base soil loss from slope and crop categories in the current model. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA, NRCS W Naatl Technol Support Ctr, Portland, OR USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sydney, MT USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM bdavid@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 485 EP 491 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 202UE UT WOS:000248928500011 ER PT J AU Fisher, DK AF Fisher, D. K. TI Automated collection of soil-moisture data with a low-cost microcontroller circuit SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE microcontroller; microprocessor; automated data collection; datalogging; electronics; soil moisture; moisture meter; sensors ID SENSORS AB Monitoring the moisture status of the soil profile is one method used to schedule irrigations. Manual collection of moisture-sensor data, however, can be labor- and time-intensive and cost prohibitive. Automating the data-collection process allows information to be collected at high frequency with less labor requirements. Reducing the cost of automated measurement equipment would allow more locations to be monitored cost effectively. A low-cost, microcontroller-based datalogger circuit board was designed to continuously monitor and record moisture-sensor data. Circuit boards were fabricated by hand at a cost of $20 in materials, and required 3 h of labor to construct. During two growing seasons, 150 dataloggers were deployed for use in scheduling irrigations. The design, components, programming, operation, and performance of the circuit are described in this article. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Fisher, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM daniel.fisher@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 493 EP 500 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 202UE UT WOS:000248928500012 ER PT J AU Powers, WJ Zamzow, SB Kerr, BJ AF Powers, W. J. Zamzow, S. B. Kerr, B. J. TI Reduced crude protein effects on aerial emissions from Swine SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID ACID-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS; SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; GAS EMISSIONS; GROWTH; ODOR; PERFORMANCE; ISOLEUCINE AB The effect of feeding reduced crude protein (CP) diets on air emissions was evaluated using barrows fed over the course of four feeding phases: G1 (beginning at 24.5 kg BW), G2 (55.3 kg), F1 (87.2 kg), and F2 (111.4 kg). Pigs were offered a control diet (C), a low CP diet (LCP) or an ultra low CP diet (ULCP). Both the LCP and ULCP diets were supplemented with crystalline amino acids to avoid performance loss. Analyzed CP of G1 was 22.1 %, 18.8%, and 17.2% for the C, LCP, and ULCP diets, respectively. Dietary treatment had no effect on pig performance (P > 0.05). Ammonia concentrations were reduced 24% (2.93 ppm) in the ULCP diets compared to the LCP diet and 36% compared to the C diet. Pigs fed the LCP diet produced exhaust NH3 concentrations 16% less than pigs fed the C diet (3.86 vs. 4.57 ppm). Rates of NH3 emissions for the C, LCP, and ULCP diet, corresponded to a daily mass of NH3 emitted of 88.0, 68.9, and 46.0 mg kg(-1) BW, respectively. Feeding phase effects were observed for NH3 concentration, NH3 emission rate, daily mass emitted and daily mass per unit BW, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration, and daily emitted mass of H2S per unit body weight. No diet effects were observed for H2S. Diet had no effect on mass of manure produced; however TKN and NH3-N concentration decreased with decreasing diet CP (79, 67, 57 g kg(-1) and 54, 44, and 35 g kg(-1), respectively, for C, LCP, and ULCP diets). C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Powers, WJ (reprint author), 2209 Anthony Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wpowers@msu.edu NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 202UE UT WOS:000248928500017 ER PT J AU Martin, DE Supan, J Theriot, J Hall, SG AF Martin, Daniel E. Supan, John Theriot, Jeremy Hall, Steven G. TI Development and testing of a heat-cool methodology to automate oyster shucking SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE oyster shucking; methodology; temperature control; process engineering; instrumentation AB A heat/cool methodology was developed to facilitate oyster shucking. Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica from several locations were used. Two methods were designed to shuck oysters, which incorporated various heat-cool regimes. The first was a combination of low-pressure steam and cryogenic CO2, the second a combination of steam and cooling, either from cryogenic N-2 or ice water. The oysters were instrumented with T-type thermocouples connected to a datalogger to monitor and record process temperatures. Methods also were developed to quantify meat detachment, shelf-life and textural changes. The methods developed allowed for the measurement and optimization of the shucking process. Advantages of the steam-ice water combination include availability of facilities and low cost. Additionally, under selected regimes, meat quality was similar to that of raw oysters, while some reduction in microbial activity was recorded. Results indicated quantifiable methods, which yielded oyster meat detachments in excess of 85%. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Sea Grant Dev, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Biomed Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Hall, SG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 143 EB Doran Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM dmartin@apmru.usda.gov; sghall@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.12.006 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 172VB UT WOS:000246831500007 ER PT J AU Martin, DE Supan, J Nadimpalli, U Hall, SG AF Martin, Daniel E. Supan, John Nadimpalli, Uma Hall, Steven G. TI Effectiveness of a heat/cool technique for shucking oysters SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE oyster shucking; food processing; temperature control; heat treatment; process optimization AB A method was developed to use heat/cool processes to effectively shuck oysters. The optimal method devised required only low-pressure steam and chilled water, thus providing a low cost and readily available solution to processors. A series of treatments were devised, and instrumentation installed to monitor process temperatures. Steam injection was used for heating, a vacuum pump was used to increase heating and chilling rates and an ice water solution was used for chilling. Sixty-seven different treatment combinations of both time-temperature and oyster location were tested on a total of 697 oysters. Release rates of up to 85% were observed. Coupling release rates with acceptable meat quality suggests optimal time-temperature combinations for the oysters studied (primarily from Louisiana and Mississippi coasts of the Gulf of Mexico) of 30 s pre-heat; 30 s steam injection at 30 psi; 30 s hold and 240 s ice water chill for these oysters. Variations among treatments suggest that this method of evaluation would be needed for different localities and oyster types, but still suggests that this methodology may potentially provide effective and inexpensive methods for automating oyster shucking. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Sea Grant Dev, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Martin, DE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 143 EB Doran Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM dmartin@apmru.usda.gov; sghall@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.12.008 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 172VB UT WOS:000246831500008 ER PT J AU Wilson, JRU Ajuonu, O Center, TD Hill, MP Julien, MH Katagira, FF Neuenschwander, P Njoka, SW Ogwang, J Reeder, RH Van, T AF Wilson, John R. U. Ajuonu, Obinna Center, Ted D. Hill, Martin P. Julien, Mic H. Katagira, Francisca F. Neuenschwander, Peter Njoka, Stephen W. Ogwang, James Reeder, Rob H. Van, Thai TI The decline of water hyacinth on Lake Victoria was due to biological control by Neochetina spp. SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Eichhornia crassipes; Neochetina bruchi; Neochetina eichhorniae ID EICHHORNIA-CRASSIPES; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PATTERNS; AFRICA; IMPACT; BRUCHI; BENIN AB There has been some debate recently about the cause of the decline of water hyacinth on Lake Victoria. While much of this evidence points to classical biological control as the major factor, the El Nino associated weather pattern of the last quarter of 1997 and the first half of 1998 has confused the issue. We argue first that the reductions in water hyacinth on Lake Victoria were ultimately caused by the widespread and significant damage to plants by Neochetina spp., although this process was increased by the stormy weather associated with the El Niflo event; second that increased waves and current on Lake Victoria caused by El Nino redistributed water hyacinth plants around the lake; and third that a major lakewide resurgence of water hyacinth plants on Lake Victoria has not occurred and will not occur unless the weevil populations are disrupted. We conclude that the population crash of water hyacinth on Lake Victoria would not have occurred in the absence of the weevils, but that it may have been hastened by stormy weather associated with the El Niflo event. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Int Inst Trop Agr, Cotonou, Benin. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. CSIRO Entomol, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. Minist Agr & Food Secur, Plant Hlth Serv, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Kenya Agr Res Inst, Lake Victoria Environm Management Project, Kisumu, Kenya. Natl Agr Res Org, Coffee Res Inst, Mukono, Uganda. CABI Biosci, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. RP Hill, MP (reprint author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. EM jrwilson@sun.ac.za; o.ajuonu@cgiar.org; tcenter@saa.ars.usda.gov; m.p.hill@ru.ac.za; micjulien@csiro.au; fkatagira@hotmail.com; P.Neuenschwander@cgiar.org; swnjoka@yahoo.com; cori@africaonline.co.ug; r.reeder@cabi.org; thaivan@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Wilson, John/B-4101-2008; Julien, Michael/C-2088-2008; Julien, Mic/B-6619-2009 OI Wilson, John/0000-0003-0174-3239; NR 21 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 87 IS 1 BP 90 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.06.006 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 177PI UT WOS:000247164600014 ER PT J AU Tavva, VS Palli, SR Dinkins, RD Collins, GB AF Tavva, Venkata S. Palli, Subba R. Dinkins, Randy D. Collins, Glenn B. TI Applications of EcR gene switch technology in functional genomics SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Ecdysone Workshop CY JUL 10-14, 2006 CL Ghent Univ, Ghent, BELGIUM HO Ghent Univ DE Arabidopsis; Choristoneura fumiferana; ecdysone receptor; Locusta migratoria; real-time PCR; retinoid x receptor; tobacco; transgenic plants; zinc finger protein 11; ecdysone agonist ID PROMOTER/LEADER DELETION ANALYSIS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; ECDYSONE RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION SYSTEM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPTION; TETRACYCLINE; PROTEIN; MAIZE; RESISTANCE AB Genetic engineering of plants using transgenic technology is targeted to enhance agronomic performance or improved quality traits in a wide variety of plant species, and has become a fundamental tool for basic research in plant biotechnology. Constitutive promoters are presently the primary means used to express transgenes in plants. However, inducible gene regulation systems based on specific chemicals have many potential applications in agriculture and for enhancing the basic understanding of gene function. As a result, several gene switches have been developed. The ecdysone receptor gene switch is one of the best inducible gene regulation systems available, because the chemical, methoxyfenozide, required for its regulation is registered for field use. An EcR gene switch with a potential for use in large-scale field applications has been developed by adopting a two-hybrid format. In a two-hybrid switch format, the GAL4 DNA binding domain (GAL4 DBD) was fused to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the Choristoneura fumiferana ecdysone receptor (CfEcR); and, the VP16 activation domain (VP16 AD) was fused to the LBD of locust migratoria retinoid X receptor (LmRXR). The sensitivity of the CfEcR gene switch was improved from micromolar to nanomolar concentrations of ligand by using the CfEcR:LmRXR two-hybrid switch. In this report, we demonstrate the utility of CfEcR:LmRXR two-hybrid gene switch in functional genomics applications for regulating the expression of a Superman-like single zinc finger protein 11 (ZFP11) gene in both Arabidopsis and tobacco transgenic plants. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY USA. USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY USA. RP Palli, SR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, S225 Ag Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM rpalli@uky.edu OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 3 BP 164 EP 179 DI 10.1002/arch.20193 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 183ER UT WOS:000247556000007 PM 17570490 ER PT J AU Wach, MJ Krasnoff, SB Loria, R Gibson, DM AF Wach, Michael J. Krasnoff, Stuart B. Loria, Rosemary Gibson, Donna M. TI Effect of carbohydrates on the production of thaxtomin A by Streptomyces acidiscabies SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE S. acidiscabies; plant pathogenic Streptomyces; thaxtomin; cell wall carbohydrate; xylan; phytotoxin ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; XYLAN-DEGRADING ENZYMES; COMMON SCAB; IN-VITRO; PATHOGENICITY; DEGRADATION; PHYTOTOXINS; AVERMITILIS; RESISTANCE; STRAINS AB Several Streptomyces species cause plant diseases, including S. scabies, S. acidiscabies and S. turgidiscabies, which produce common scab of potato and similar diseases of root crops. These species produce thaxtomins, dipeptide phytotoxins that are responsible for disease symptoms. Thaxtomins are produced in vivo on diseased potato tissue and in vitro in oat-based culture media, but the regulation of thaxtomin biosynthesis is not understood. S. acidiscabies was grown in a variety of media to assess the impact of medium components on thaxtomin A (ThxA) production. ThxA biosynthesis was not correlated with bacterial biomass, nor was it stimulated by alpha-solanine or alpha-chaconine, the two most prevalent potato glycoalkaloids. ThxA production was stimulated by oat bran broth, even after exhaustive extraction, suggesting that specific carbohydrates may influence ThxA biosynthesis. Oat bran contains high levels of xylans and glucans, and both of these carbohydrates, as well as xylans from wheat and tamarind, stimulated ThxA production, but not to the same extent as oat bran. Starches and simple sugars did not induce ThxA production. The data indicate that complex carbohydrates may act as environmental signals to plant pathogenic Streptomyces, allowing production of thaxtomin and enabling bacteria to colonize its host. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gibson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dmg6@cornell.edu NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 188 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s00203-007-0225-x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 178RN UT WOS:000247237900008 PM 17340119 ER PT J AU Liu, F Wang, X Liu, Y Xie, J Gray, SM Zhou, G Gao, B AF Liu, F. Wang, X. Liu, Y. Xie, J. Gray, S. M. Zhou, G. Gao, B. TI A Chinese isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV represents a third distinct species within the PAV serotype SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA; PLANT; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PURIFICATION; LUTEOVIRUSES; REPLICATION AB The complete nucleotide sequence of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) PAV-CN genomic RNA was determined. This represents the seventh complete genome sequence of a BYDV-PAV serotype. The genome organization of PAV-CN was comparable to that of other BYDV-PAV serotypes, but the nucleotide sequence of full genome was only 76.9-80.3% similar. Sequence similarity of individual open reading frames and untranslated regions (UTR) between PAV-CN and other PAV isolates ranged from 37.9 to 98.2%. Overall, PAV-CN was most similar to BYDV-PAS, which belongs to one of two distinct species within the PAV serotype of BYDV, although the 5 ' UTR and ORF1 of PAV-CN was most similar to BYDV-GAV, another member of the genus Luteovirus that is not serologically related to BYDV-PAV. These data suggest that PAV-CN may have undergone a recombination event with GAV and that PAV-CN represents a third distinct species within the PAV serotype of BYDV. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha, Peoples R China. RP Liu, F (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, 2 W Yuanming Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM xfwang@caas.net.cn NR 34 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 152 IS 7 BP 1365 EP 1373 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-0947-8 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 185UD UT WOS:000247735000012 PM 17347769 ER PT J AU Taylor, JR Roundy, BA Allen, PS Meyer, SE Eggett, DL AF Taylor, Jeffrey R. Roundy, Bruce A. Allen, Phil S. Meyer, Susan E. Eggett, Dennis L. TI Soil water sensor accuracy for predicting seedling emergence using a hydrothermal time model SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GERMINATION RESPONSE; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; DORMANCY LOSS; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE AB Hydrothermal time models are used to predict seed germination overtime in seedling establishment models. Soil matric potential data from three resistance-type sensors (Colman cells [Soiltest, Inc. Lakebluff Illinois, USA], Watermark brand sensors [Irrometer Co., Riverside, California, USA], and Delmhorst gypsum blocks [Delmhorst Instrument Company, Towaco, New Jersey, USA]), from a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probe (Campbell Scientific 615 [Campbell Scientific, Inc., Logan, Utah, USA]), and from gravimetric sampling of the seed zone were input into a hydrothermal time model to determine if we could accurately predict seedling emergence over time in a growth chamber experiment for six desert grass species. Seeds were sown in a structureless sandy loam soil which received four different irrigation amounts and was allowed to dry in a growth chamber programmed to simulate spring soil temperatures in Provo, Utah. Cells and gypsum blocks were more sensitive to soil surface drying than Watermark sensors and TDR probes. Only gravimetric sampling correctly predicted no emergence for the driest soil and fastest drying conditions when surface soil dried out 2-4 days sooner than indicated by the most sensitive sensors. For wetter and slower-drying soils, soil water potential inputs from all sensors were similar and high and predicted seedling emergence within 1-2.5 days of observed emergence. For these wet seed-zone conditions, use of thermal time to predict emergence was as accurate as use of hydrothermal time, evidently because all seeds had high water potentials during germination. Because the soil water sensors we used must be buried deeper than the seed zone, accuracy of hydrothermal time model prediction of field germination using these sensors depends greatly on how fast soils dry out in the sensor measurement zone compared to how fast the seed zone dries out relative to the speed at which seeds accumulate thermal time to germinate. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Roundy, BA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bruce_roundy@byu.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1080/15324980701465106 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 189OU UT WOS:000247999200005 ER PT J AU Ferreira, ALA Russell, RM Rocha, N Ladeira, MSP Salvadori, DMF Nascimento, MCMO Matsui, M Carvalho, FA Tang, GW Matsubara, LS Matsubara, BB AF Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia Russell, Robert Mitchell Rocha, Noeme Placido Ladeira, Marcelo Sady Favero Salvadori, Daisy Maria Munhoz Oliveira Nascimento, Maria Carolina Matsui, Mirna Carvalho, Flavio Augusto Tang, Guangwen Matsubara, Luiz Shiguero Matsubara, Beatriz Bojikian TI Effect of lycopene on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An echocardiographic, histological and morphometrical assessment SO BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADRIAMYCIN-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; VITAMIN-E; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; HEPATIC TOXICITY; SINGLET OXYGEN; LEFT-VENTRICLE AB Doxorubicin is an excellent chemotherapeutic agent utilized for several types of cancer but the irreversible doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage is the major limitation for its use. Oxidative stress seems to be associated with some phase of the toxicity mechanism process. To determine if lycopene protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned either to control, lycopene, doxorubicin or doxorubicin + lycopene groups. They received corn oil (control, doxorubicin) or lycopene (5 mg/kg body weight a day) (lycopene, doxorubicin + lycopene) by gavage for a 7-week period. They also received saline (control, lycopene) or doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) (doxorubicin, doxorubin + lycopene) intraperitoneally by week 3, 4 5 and 6. Animals underwent echocardiogram and were killed for tissue analyses by week 7. Mean lycopene levels (nmol/kg) in liver were higher in the doxorubicin + lycopene group (5822.59) than in the lycopene group (2496.73), but no differences in lycopene were found in heart or Plasma of these two groups. Lycopene did not prevent left ventricular systolic dysfunction induced by doxorubicin. However, morphologic examination revealed that doxorubicin-induced myocyte damage was significantly suppressed in rats treated with lycopene. Doxorubicin treatment was followed by increase of myocardium interstitial collagen volume fraction. Our results show that: (i) doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was confirmed by echocardiogram and morphological evaluations; (ii) lycopene absorption was confirmed by its levels in heart, liver and plasma; (iii) lycopene supplementation provided myocyte protection without preventing interstitial collagen accumulation increase; (iv) doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction was not prevented by lycopene supplementation; and (v) lycopene depletion was not observed in plasma and tissues from animals treated with doxorubicin. C1 Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ferreira, ALA (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Clin Med, Fac Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM ferreira@fmb.unesp.br RI Matsubara, Beatriz/B-1692-2008; Matsubara, Luiz/D-5061-2009; Salvadori, Daisy/E-7744-2012 OI Salvadori, Daisy/0000-0001-9323-3134 NR 66 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7835 J9 BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL JI Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 101 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00070.x PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 184ZU UT WOS:000247681900003 ER PT J AU Connor, K Schaefer, G Donahoo, J Devall, M Gardiner, E Hawkins, T Wilson, D Schiff, N Hamel, P Leininger, T AF Connor, Kristina Schaefer, Gretchen Donahoo, Jillian Devall, Margaret Gardiner, Emile Hawkins, Tracy Wilson, Dan Schiff, Nathan Hamel, Paul Leininger, Ted TI Development, fatty acid composition, and storage of drupes and seeds from the endangered pondberry (Lindeya melissifolia) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IUFRO World Forestry Congress CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE pondberry; seed development; fatty acids; seed storage ID L. SOMATIC EMBRYOS; RECALCITRANT SEEDS; CRYOPRESERVATION; DESICCATION; VITRIFICATION; DEHYDRATION; CULTURES; THRUSH; WATER; AXES AB Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walt.] Blume: Lauraceae) is an endangered, dioecious, clonal shrub that grows in bottomland hardwood forests in the southeastern United States. Prior work has emphasized vegetative reproduction associated with the clonal nature of this species. Little has been published about the early morphological and biochemical characteristics of the fruit as they mature. Fruits, drupes originating from the axillary buds, were collected every 30 days after anthesis and examined for seed structure development and fatty acid composition of the fruit and seed. Sixty days after anthesis, fruits had not formed an organized embryo/cotyledon, weighed 0.1 +/- 0.001 g, and measured 7.1 +/- 0.04 mm x 4.3 +/- 0.03 mm. Ninety days after anthesis, a complete seed had formed within the drupe. of the total drupe weight (average 0.23 +/- 0.01 g), the seed comprised 33% of the mass gained from 60 days after anthesis. Overall composition of the seed and pulp lipids changed significantly over the course of development. Myristic, palmitic, steric, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids were revealed by the lipid analyses. Lauric acid was not found in any of the early seed lipid samples but it increased in quantity as seed matured to become the dominant fatty acid in this tissue. Conversely, pulp contained only small amounts of lauric acid; its fatty acid profile was dominated by oleic acid. Fully hydrated seeds stored well for 16 months at both 4 degrees C and -2 degrees C. Although drying had a deleterious effect on germination when dried seeds were conventionally stored at 4 degrees C, seeds that had been dried for 24 h to a moisture content of 8.6% were successfully stored in liquid nitrogen. C1 US Forest Serv, Restoring & Managing Longleaf Pine Ecosyst, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Connor, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Restoring & Managing Longleaf Pine Ecosyst, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kconnor@fs.fed.us; Gretchen.schaefer@weyerhaeuser.com; jdonahoo@adelphia.net; mdevall@fs.fed.us; egardiner@fs.fed.us; tracyhawkins@fs.fed.us; dwilson02@fs.fed.us; nschiff@fs.fed.us; phamel@fs.fed.us; tleininger@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 4 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.03.011 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188KL UT WOS:000247918700002 ER PT J AU Deal, RL AF Deal, Robert L. TI Management strategies to increase stand structural diversity and enhance biodiversity in coastal rainforests of Alaska SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IUFRO World Forestry Congress CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE biodiversity; forest management; old-growth forests; stand structure; partial cutting; red alder; southeast Alaska; sitka spruce; western hemlock ID WESTERN HEMLOCK FORESTS; SITKA SPRUCE FORESTS; ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; BLACK-TAILED DEER; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; RED ALDER; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; HEADWATER STREAMS; OLD-GROWTH; SPECIES COMPOSITION AB Coastal rainforests of southeast Alaska have relatively simple species composition but complex structures with high diversity of tree ages, sizes and forest canopy layers, and an abundant understory plant community. Wildlife and fisheries resources also play an important role in the ecological functioning of forest and aquatic systems. Clearcutting has greatly altered these forest ecosystems with significant decreases in structural diversity of forest stands and greatly reduced wildlife habitat. This paper synthesizes information on management options in older forests that have never been actively managed, and in younger forests to increase diversity of stand structures and their associated effects on biodiversity. Light to moderate levels of partial cutting in old-growth forests can maintain the original diversity of overstory stand structures and understory plant communities. In younger forests that develop after clearcutting, mixed alder-conifer stands provide more heterogeneous structures and significantly higher understory biomass than in pure conifer forests. Research has shown that red alder increases diversity and abundance of understory plants, and provides forage for deer and small mammals. Results also show a clear linkage between alder and improved invertebrate diversity in aquatic systems. A combination of light partial cutting in older forests along with inclusion of red alder in conifer-dominated forests could provide the greatest amount of diversity and maintain the complex stand structures that are an important component of these forest ecosystems. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Deal, RL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rdeal@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 4 BP 520 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.03.014 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188KL UT WOS:000247918700005 ER PT J AU Smith, WP Person, DK AF Smith, Winston P. Person, Dauid K. TI Estimated persistence of northern flying a squirrel populations in temperate rain forest fragments of Southeast Alaska SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation strategy; Glaucomys sabrinus; habitat reserves; land use planning; metapopulation; northern flying squirrel; persistence; population viability analysis; southeast Alaska; sink habitat; source habitat; temperate rain forest ID GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; PTEROMYS-VOLANS; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; EXTINCTION RISK; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; STOCHASTICITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Habitat reserves are a common strategy used to ensure viability of wildlife populations and communities. The efficacy of reserves, however, is rarely empirically evaluated. We examined the likelihood that small (650 ha), isolated habitat reserves composed of old-growth Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylia) rain forest (upland-OG) and mixed-conifer peatlands (peatland-MC) would sustain populations of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in the absence of immigration or emigration within the Tongass National Forest in Southeast Alaska. We used demographic data obtained from a study of flying squirrels on Prince of Wales Island in Southeast Alaska and litter size from flying squirrels in similar habitat to estimate per capita rate of increase (r) of flying squirrels in upland-OG (r = 0.14, SD = 0.42) and peatland-MC habitats (r = 0.01, SD = 0.39). Our results indicated that peatland-MC habitat was unlikely to sustain populations and that viability of flying squirrel populations in small habitat reserves largely depended on the upland-OG forest component. We subsequently estimated time to extinction (T-N) based on r, its variance (v), and the potential population ceiling (K). We used TN to calculate the probabilities (P-t) that squirrel populations would persist in small reserves containing 100%, 50%, and 25% upland-OG habitat for 25, 50, and 100 years. In each scenario, we calculated T-N and P-t for 2 levels of I). For the best-case scenario (100% upland-OG forest, lowest variance, t = 25 years), T-N was 507 years and P-t was 0.95. For the worst-case scenario (25% upland-OG forest, highest variance, t = 100 years), TN was 237 years and P-t was 0.66. Minimum patch size of upland-OG forest required for a high probability (P-t = 0.95) of sustaining a flying squirrel population in isolation with relatively low demographic variability (v = 0.34) for 25, 50, or 100 years was 578, 5077, and 78,935 ha, respectively We concluded that it was unlikely that small isolated habitat reserves could sustain populations of flying squirrels for >25 years in the absence of immigration. Consequently, dispersal among small reserves is critical to ensure that they function to support metapopulations of northern flying squirrels. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM WinstonSmith@fs.fed.us NR 78 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 4 BP 626 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.03.020 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188KL UT WOS:000247918700015 ER PT J AU Liu, HP Bauer, LS Miller, DL Zhao, TH Gao, RT Song, LW Luan, QS Jin, RZ Gao, CQ AF Liu, Houping Bauer, Leah S. Miller, Deborah L. Zhao, Tonghai Gao, Ruitong Song, Liwen Luan, Qingshu Jin, Ruozhong Gao, Changqi TI Seasonal abundance of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera : Buprestidae) and its natural enemies Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) and Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) in China SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; Oobius agrilli; Tetrastichus planipennisi; Fraxinus spp.; seasonal abundance; population dynamics; biological control ID EMERALD ASH BORER AB The seasonal abundance and population dynamics of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and its natural enemies Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were studied on ash (Fraxinus spp.) in northeastern China in 2004 and 2005. A. planipennis population density varied greatly between sites, trees, and heights in Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) forests. At Benxi in Liaoning Province, A. planipennis completed a one-year life cycle on Manchurian ash, with eggs found from 2 to 24 June 2004. Further north at a mixed forest with plantings of Korean ash (Fraxinus chinensis var. rhynchophylla) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) in Changchun of Jilin Province during 2005, A. planipennis demonstrated an asynchronous, one-year life cycle in green ash trees with larvae overwintering in all four instars. At least two generations of O. agrili were observed from A. planipennis in Changchun during the egg period in 2005, with parasitism of 56.3% and 61.5% for July and August, respectively. A portion of the O. agrili population diapaused within host eggs in the fall and winter months and emerged the following spring and summer, resulting in post-season parasitism of 28.6% in June 2004, 12.0% in May, and 43.8% in November 2005. Up to four generations of T. planipennisi emerged from host larvae at Changchun, with an average larval parasitism of 22.4%, ranging from O to 40.4%. These two parasitoids were important in the population dynamics of A. planipennis on green ash, with an estimated 73.6% reduction in host population densities during 2005 in Changchun. The characteristics of these parasitoids, such as high parasitism rates, short generation times, high reproduction rates, and life-cycle synchrony with host, suggest both species may prove useful in management of A. planipennis in North America as biocontrol agents. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. Jilin Prov Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Protect, Changchun 130033, Jilin, Peoples R China. Liaoning Prov Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Protect, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liuho@msu.edu NR 40 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.03.011 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 184PD UT WOS:000247653100009 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Luschei, EC AF Rinella, Matthew J. Luschei, Edward C. TI Hierarchical Bayesian methods estimate invasive weed impacts at pertinent spatial scales SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE competition; forage; grassland; impact assessment; livestock; model; parameter estimation; rangeland; uncertainty; weed management ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; LEAFY SPURGE; FORAGE PRODUCTION; GRASS DYNAMICS; COMPETITION; HERBICIDES; YIELD; MODEL; PLANT; MANAGEMENT AB Invasive weed impact estimates are needed to determine whether or not weeds warrant costly control measures. Typically, land managers seek local weed impact estimates (e.g. ranches, parks) and policy-makers want to know how weeds are impacting entire regions. Our goal was to provide local and regional impact estimates for a ubiquitous invasive weed: leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). The specific impacts we looked at related to desired species biomass production, livestock carrying capacities, and grazing land values. Our basic approach was to use an empirical model that characterizes weed biomass across the landscape in combination with another empirical model that predicts weed impact from weed biomass. Our investigation revealed that, without on-site plant biomass data, site-specific leafy spurge impacts are highly uncertain. Supplementing our general predictive model with small quantities of on-site data increased precision considerably. For the 17-state region we considered, 95% Bayesian credibility intervals indicated leafy spurge reduces cattle carrying capacities by 50-217 thousand animals a year and reduces grazing land values by 8-34 million dollars a year. Additional plant biomass data from randomly selected, leafy spurge-infested sites would shrink these fairly wide intervals. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mrinella@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 545 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9057-x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178YL UT WOS:000247256200004 ER PT J AU Philipp, D Moore, KJ Pedersen, JF Grant, RJ Redfearn, DD Mitchell, RB AF Philipp, Dirk Moore, Kenneth J. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Grant, Richard J. Redfearn, Daren D. Mitchell, Robert B. TI Ensilage performance of sorghum hybrids varying in extractable sugars SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Sorghum bicolor (L.); solid state fermentation; chemical composition ID SWEET SORGHUM; GRAIN-SORGHUM; REGISTRATION; VARIABILITY; QUALITY; TRAITS; YIELD AB Renewable feedstock resources require novel storage technologies to optimize industrial use. Solid state fermentation of biomass feedstock may provide organic chemicals and fibers while reducing the risk of current dry-storage procedures. Here, we compare the chemical composition and fermentation of six sorghum hybrids (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) following 1, 7, and 21 days of storage. Ensilage of 7 days resulted in a pH of 3.8 and declined further to 3.75 at day 21. Lactate increased during ensilage from 2.0 to 3.9 g 100 g(-1). Acetic acid increased between 1 and 7 days of ensiling but did not change until the end of the ensiling period. Total organic acids averaged 2.5 g 100 g(-1) after day I and increased to 4.2 and 4.7 g' 100 g(-1) after days 7 and 21, respectively. Neutral detergent fiber ranged from 3 8 to 50 g 100 g(-1) among hybrids and total non-structural carbohydrates varied from 18 to 32 g 100 g(-1). Hemicellulose and cellulose ranged from 13 to 19 g 100 g(-1) and 20 and 28 100 g(-1), respectively. Genotypic variation in sorghum may offer designing dual-purpose hybrids for production of biomass and economically valuable byproducts. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. William H Miner Agr Res Inst, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Philipp, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 1563 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dphilipp@iastate.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 IS 7 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.02.001 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 174ML UT WOS:000246946300006 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike Annette Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Where do we stand on vitamin D? SO BONE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Symposium on Modern Advances in the Understanding of Bone Structure CY SEP, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA DE vitamin D; RCT's; compliance fractures falls ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIP FRACTURE RISK; D SUPPLEMENTATION; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; ELDERLY-WOMEN; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; OLDER MEN; PREVENTION; METAANALYSIS AB A meta-analysis of primary prevention high-quality trials published in 2005 found that oral cholecalciferol (D3) in a daily dose of 700-800 IU or intermittently 100,000 IU every 4 months with or without calcium, should reduce both hip and non-vertebral fracture risk significantly compared to placebo. Trials that administered 400 IU vitamin D did not achieve fracture efficacy. Notably, there was a significant association between higher achieved 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25(OH)D) in the treatment groups and fracture efficacy: The minimal mean level where fracture efficacy was observed was 74 nmol/1 (25(OH)D). Epidemiological data for bone density and lower extremity strength support this threshold, and high-quality trials that used 700 to 800 IU D3 suggested fall risk reduction by 35 to 65% in institutionalized and community-dwelling older individuals. However, since the 2005 meta-analysis, benefits of vitamin D on fracture and fall reduction have been questioned by results from several recent trials. This review proposes that the interpretation of these recent trials is hindered by different doses of vitamin D, different types Of supplemental vitamin D (D3 or ergocalciferol D2), low adherence, concurrent use of supplements outside the study protocol, open study design, short follow-up, and/or different patient risk profiles including primary and secondary fracture prevention. In most recent trials, low adherence, the use of the relatively less potent D2, or a too low dose of D3 (400 IU) may have prohibited a shift of (25(OH)D) levels in the treatment groups to the desirable range of at least 75 nmol/l. In summary, from recent trials, two lesson may be learned: (1) Adherence less than 60% is insufficient to achieve fracture efficacy with daily 800 IU D3 plus calcium, (2) D2 in any application or any previously Studied dose may not reduce fractures in institutionalized or community-dwelling older individuals. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, Dept Rheumatol, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM hbischof@hsph.Harvard.edu NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUL PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 SU 1 BP S13 EP S19 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2007.03.010 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 188RR UT WOS:000247937500004 PM 17467357 ER PT J AU Francisco-Ortega, J Santiago-Valentin, E Acevedo-Rodriguez, P Lewis, C Pipoly, J Meerow, AW Maunder, M AF Francisco-Ortega, Javier Santiago-Valentin, Eugenio Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro Lewis, Carl Pipoly, John, III Meerow, Alan W. Maunder, Mike TI Seed plant genera endemic to the Caribbean island Biodiversity hotspot: A review and a molecular phylogenetic perspective SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Review ID PLASTID DNA-SEQUENCES; NONCODING CHLOROPLAST DNA; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MACARONESIAN ISLANDS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; TRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS; LEGUMES FABACEAE; GREATER-ANTILLES; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; MAJOR LINEAGES AB The Caribbean Island Biodiversity Hotspot is composed primarily of the Bahamas and Greater and Lesser Antilles. A total of 180 genera (727 spp., ca. 9% of the species endemic to the Antilles) are restricted to this hotspot. Most of these genera are unispecific (51%), a pattern that is also found on other islands of the world. The majority of the endemic genera belong to the "Core Eudicot" clade, and they were published in two time periods (1854-1878 and 1904-1928). There are molecular phylogenies available for 63 of the endemic genera. However, phylogenetic reconstructions of only 21 genera are based on more than one independent DNA region and have well-supported clades and good taxonomic sampling. Six of the endemic genera form part of early-branching groups. We could not infer biogeographical conclusions from the molecular phylogenies of most of the endemic genera (43: 68%). There is an urgent need for (1) additional field studies to learn the conservation status of these genera, (2) effective protection of the habitats where the most endangered genera occur, and (3) additional biological and systematic studies of the least understood genera. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Jardin Bot Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. US Natl Herbarium, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repostory, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Francisco-Ortega, J (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 344 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 EI 1874-9372 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 183 EP 234 DI 10.1663/0006-8101(2007)73[183:SPGETT]2.0.CO;2 PG 52 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 217VK UT WOS:000249975200001 ER PT J AU Smith, S Lizotte, RE Moore, MT AF Smith, S., Jr. Lizotte, R. E., Jr. Moore, M. T. TI Toxicity assessment of diazinon in a constructed wetland using Hyalella azteca SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diazinon; wetland; Hyalella azteca ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CHLORPYRIFOS; MITIGATION; SEDIMENT; ATRAZINE; RUNOFF; COPPER AB The goal of this study was to examine the use of a constructed wetland to mitigate the ecological impacts of simulated diazinon runoff from agricultural fields into receiving waters, via 48 h aqueous and sediment bioassays using Hyalella azteca. Aqueous animal 48 h survival varied temporally and spatially in conjunction with measured diazinon concentrations. Sediment H. azteca survival varied temporally and spatially in conjunction with measured diazinon concentrations, but less than aqueous exposures, confirming that sediment bound diazinon was less bioavailable than aqueous diazinon. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ssmith@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9215-6 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202NS UT WOS:000248910900013 PM 17599226 ER PT J AU Chen, JC Groves, R Zheng, YW Civerolo, EL Viveros, M Freeman, M AF Chen, Jianchi Groves, Russell Zheng, Yiwei Civerolo, Edwin L. Viveros, Mario Freeman, Mark TI Colony morphology of Xylella fastidiosa almond leaf scorch strains SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Xylella fastidiosa; almond leaf scorch disease; colony morphology; morphotyping; genotyping; epidemiology ID PIERCES-DISEASE; CALIFORNIA; BACTERIA AB Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD), which is currently reemerging in California as a potential threat to almond (Prunus dulcis) production. We previously reported the presence of different colony morphotypes of X. fastidiosa ALSD strains on periwinkle wilt medium solidified with Gelrite and their association with genotypes or pathotypes after a low number of serial transfers. The morphotypes could be differentiated by single nucleotide polymorphisms and were classified as A- and G-genotypes. The stability of colony morphology was not studied. Yet, it is an important issue in the bacterial characterization. In this project, we evaluated the variations of colony morphology through 14 subculture passages. The G-genotype strains were consistently (>99%) associated with smooth colony morphotypes. Similarly, A-genotype strains were consistently associated with rough colony morphotypes. Rough A-genotype strains reversed to smooth colony variants at a low frequency suggesting phase variation in X. fastidiosa. In an ALSD survey, we successfully used colony morphology to discern X. fastidiosa genotypes with >95% accuracy. The phenotypic traits described in this study are of value for further biological and genetic studies of X. fastidiosa. C1 [Chen, Jianchi; Groves, Russell; Civerolo, Edwin L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Zheng, Yiwei] Your Way Consulting, Fresno, CA 93720 USA. [Viveros, Mario] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Bakersfield, CA 93307 USA. [Freeman, Mark] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jichen@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 247JQ UT WOS:000252075100001 ER PT J AU Mengistu, A Castlebury, LA Smith, JR Rossman, AY Reddy, KN AF Mengistu, A. Castlebury, L. A. Smith, J. R. Rossman, A. Y. Reddy, K. N. TI Isolates of Diaporthe-Phomopsis from weeds and their effect on soybean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Phomopsis longicolla; nuclear DNA ITS; seed quality; soybean; weeds ID SEED DECAY; HOSTS AB Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the identity and pathogenicity of Diaporthe-Phomopsis species complex recovered from eight weed species. The identifications of the eight isolates representing four taxa, including two apparently undescribed species of Phomopsis, were based on colony features in pure culture, morphology of alpha or beta-conidia, and internal transcribed spacer sequences. Of the eight isolates, Phomopsis sp. A. from Eclipta prostrata (eclipta), Phomopsis longicolla isolates from both Ipomoea lacunosa (pitted morning-glory) and Chamaesyce nutans (nodding spurge), and Diaporthe phaseolorum from Desmanthus illinoensis (Illinois bundle-flower) caused significant levels of infection on soybean hypocotyls, pods, and seeds. These four isolates from weed species also caused systemic infection of seed similar to the soybean isolate of P longicolla. Diaporthe phaseolorum isolated from Caperonia palustris (Texasweed) and Aster exilis (slender aster), Phomopsis sp. B. from Sida spinosa (prickly sida), and Phomopsis sp. A from Polygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed) were not pathogenic to soybean. This is the first demonstration that Phomopsis sp. A, P. longicolla, and D. phaseolorum isolated from eclipta, pitted morning-glory, nodding spurge, and Illinois bundle-flower cause seed infection of soybean. C1 [Mengistu, A.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Castlebury, L. A.; Rossman, A. Y.] USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, J. R.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reddy, K. N.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mengistu, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM amengistu@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 247JQ UT WOS:000252075100008 ER PT J AU Castell-Miller, CV Zeyen, RJ Samac, DA AF Castell-Miller, C. V. Zeyen, R. J. Samac, D. A. TI Infection and development of Phoma medicaginis on moderately resistant and susceptible alfalfa genotypes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; Medicago scitiva; Phoma medicaginis; infection process; spring black stem and leaf spot ID SPRING BLACK STEM; CONIDIAL ANASTOMOSIS TUBES; PLANT-PATHOGENIC FUNGI; ASCOCHYTA-IMPERFECTA; GENETIC MANIPULATION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; STRESS RESPONSES; CORE COLLECTION; HERBARUM VAR; LEAF-SPOT AB In North America, spring black stem and leaf spot, caused by Phoma medicaginis, is one of the most important diseases of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Symptoms appear initially as small, dark brown to black spots that eventually enlarge and on leaves the spots are associated with chlorosis and defoliation. The infection process of P medicaginis was previously investigated on susceptible alfalfa genotypes, but little is known about this process with alfalfa plants with differing degrees of resistance. We used light and scanning electron microscopy to follow infection and development of P. medicaginis from pycnidiospore deposition on leaf surfaces through pycnidia formation on selected susceptible and resistant alfalfa genotypes from the USDA core collection. In both old and young leaves, spore germination, penetration, development of mycelium, and pycindia formation were delayed by approximately 24 h on moderately resistant alfalfa genotypes compared with susceptible genotypes. A similar delay in visible symptom development occurred until about 192 h after inoculation, after which the amount of chlorosis in all genotypes was similar. C1 [Samac, D. A.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Castell-Miller, C. V.; Zeyen, R. J.; Samac, D. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 290 EP 298 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 247JQ UT WOS:000252075100009 ER PT J AU Huang, Q AF Huang, Qi TI Natural occurrence of Xylella fastidiosa in a commercial nursery in Maryland SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE bacterial leaf scorch; Xylella fastidiosa; ELISA; nested PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; POTENTIAL INSECT VECTORS; PIERCES-DISEASE; LEAF SCORCH; ASSOCIATION; BACTERIA; STRAINS AB Bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa is a serious problem in the landscape, but its importance in the nursery trade is undetermined. Therefore, a survey was conducted in 2003 and 2004 in a commercial wholesale and production nursery in Maryland to determine the natural occurrence of X. fastidiosa in nursery plants and surrounding vegetation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and nested polymerase chain reaction assays specific for the bacterium. Xylella fastidiosa was associated with crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia), Schipka laurel (Prunus laurocerasus 'Schipkaensis'), and Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan') in the nursery, as well as with mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) and sassafras (Sassqfrass albidum) growing in the perimeter of the nursery. All were previously unknown hosts of the bacterium. Xylella fastidiosa was also detected in dogwood (Cornus florida) and willow oak (Quercus phellos) in the nursery, as well as in red oak (Quercus spp.), box-eider (Acer negundo), and wild grape (Vitis spp.) surrounding the nursery, previously reported hosts of the bacterium. The red oak and box-elder plants on the edge of the nursery showed leaf scorch symptoms and harboured high populations of the bacterium. However, the Xylella-positive nursery plants and other plants from the local environment were symptomless, and the bacterial populations were low. These data suggest that red oak and box-elder are sources of the X. fastidiosa in the nursery plants. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM qi.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 299 EP 303 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 247JQ UT WOS:000252075100010 ER PT J AU Okubara, PA Li, CQ Schroeder, KL Schumacher, RT Lawrence, NP AF Okubara, Patricia A. Li, Chunqin Schroeder, Kurtis L. Schumacher, Richard T. Lawrence, Nathan P. TI Improved extraction of Rhizoctonia and Pythium DNA froem wheat roots and soil samples using pressure cycling technology SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Barocycler (TM); necrotrophic pathogen; PULSE tube (TM); real-time PCR; root disease; soilborne pathogens ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; EASTERN WASHINGTON; SOLANI AG-8; ORYZAE; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; BARLEY; ROT AB Soilborne pathogens are important biotic factors in yield reduction in the dryland cereal production region of the Pacific Northwest. Rhizoctonia solani AG-8, Rhizoctonia oryzae and Pythium spp. are causal agents of root rot, bare patch, and damping-off of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Although these pathogens can be rapidly and specifically quantified using quantitative real-time PCR, the extraction of Rhizoctonia DNA from agricultural samples is often inconsistent, especially at low pathogen population densities. Using a novel extraction system that uses pressure cycling technology (PCT), we improved the extraction of R. solani AG-8 DNA up to 16-fold and of P. abappressorium DNA Lip to 2-fold from three types of agricultural soils compared with a bead beating extraction method. PCT also yielded quantifiable amounts of R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae DNA from lyophilized wheat roots that were otherwise recalcitrant to homogenization. Furthermore, the extractions were so consistent that pathogen quantification generally could be derived from two rather than three or four replicated extracts. Because PCT is performed in a closed system and minimizes sample shearing and heating, it confers a substantial advantage over conventional extraction systems. Here, we report for the first time the application of PCT in a laboratory setting for the improved extraction and quantification of three types of soilborne pathogens in soil samples. The effectiveness of PCT for three soils suggests that it will be beneficial for other hard-to-extract pathogen samples. C1 [Okubara, Patricia A.; Schroeder, Kurtis L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Li, Chunqin; Schumacher, Richard T.; Lawrence, Nathan P.] Pressure Biosci Inc, W Bridgewater, MA 02379 USA. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pokubara@wsu.edu NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 304 EP 310 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 247JQ UT WOS:000252075100011 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Goslee, SC Soder, KJ Skinner, RH Tracy, BF Deak, A AF Sanderson, M. A. Goslee, S. C. Soder, K. J. Skinner, R. H. Tracy, B. F. Deak, A. TI Plant species diversity, ecosystem function, and pasture management - A perspective SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grazing ecosystem; forages; diversity; ecosystem function; ecosystem services ID NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-WEST VICTORIA; WHITE CLOVER; LANDSCAPE POSITION; COUNTRY PASTURES; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; SWARD STRUCTURE; DAIRY PASTURES; PRODUCTIVITY; GRASSLAND AB Grassland farmers face many challenges in pasture management including improving sustainability, reducing inputs of fertilizers and pesticides, and protecting soil resources. In this paper we provide our perspective on managing plant diversity within and among pastures as one tool to aid producers in meeting these challenges. Pasture ecosystems can be highly diverse, with a complex array of organisms contributing to ecosystem functioning. Within the broad range of plant and animal biodiversity in pastures, plant species diversity may be the most amenable to manipulation or management. Reported benefits of plant diversity in grasslands include: increased forage production, greater ecosystem stability in response to disturbance, and reduced invasion by exotic species such as weeds. Some view diversity as a sort of insurance policy where different species contribute in their own time or can take the place of species that fail from stress or mismanagement. Using mixtures of several forages in pastures, in some instances, can improve forage yield and reduce weed invasions. Pasture management for increased plant species diversity, however, is not simply mixing and planting as many forage species as possible. The kinds and amounts of different forage species along with their arrangement within and among pastures at the farm scale are critical features that must be considered. Tools must be developed to determine the appropriate species mixtures for varying soils, landscapes, climate and purposes to fulfill multiple functions for producers. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM matt.sanderson@ars.usda.gov NR 68 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 45 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 479 EP 487 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 210XG UT WOS:000249488300004 ER PT J AU Sanderson, M AF Sanderson, M. TI The US experience developing switchgrass as a bioenergy crop - applications to Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 527 EP 527 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 210XG UT WOS:000249488300016 ER PT J AU Ferris, C AF Ferris, Conrad TI Meeting the challenges of pasture-based dairy systems SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 210XG UT WOS:000249488300022 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA AF Sanderson, M. A. TI Plant species diversity, ecosystem function, and pasture management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 210XG UT WOS:000249488300021 ER PT J AU Mason, JB Dickstein, A Jacques, PF Haggarty, P Selhub, J Dallal, G Rosenberg, IH AF Mason, Joel B. Dickstein, Aaron Jacques, Paul F. Haggarty, Paul Selhub, Jacob Dallal, Gerard Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI A temporal association between folic acid fortification and an increase in colorectal cancer rates may be illuminating important biological principles: A hypothesis SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOOD FORTIFICATION; DIETARY-FOLATE; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; SERUM; COLON; SUPPLEMENTATION; ADENOMAS; VITAMIN AB Nationwide fortification of enriched uncooked cereal grains with folic acid began in the United States and Canada in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and became mandatory in 1998. The rationale was to reduce the number of births complicated by neural tube defects. Concurrently, the United States and Canada experienced abrupt reversals of the downward trend in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence that the two countries had enjoyed in the preceding decade: absolute rates of CRC began to increase in 1996 (United States) and 1998 (Canada), peaked in 1998 (United States) and 2000 (Canada), and have continued to exceed the pre-1996/1997 trends by 4 to 6 additional cases per 100,000 individuals. In each country, the increase in CRC incidence from the prefortification trend falls significantly outside of the downward linear fit based on nonparametric 95% confidence intervals. The statistically significant increase in rates is also evident when the data for each country are analyzed separately for men and women. Changes in the rate of colorectal endoscopic procedures do not seem to account for this increase in CRC incidence. These observations alone do not prove causality but are consistent with the known effects of folate on existing neoplasms, as shown in both preclinical and clinical studies. We therefore hypothesize that the institution of folic acid fortification may have been wholly or partly responsible for the observed increase in CRC rates in the mid-1990s. Further work is needed to definitively establish the nature of this relationship. In the meantime, deliberations about the institution or enhancement of fortification programs should be undertaken with these considerations in mind. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM joel.mason@tufts.edu RI Haggarty, Paul/C-1696-2009 FU NCI NIH HHS [K05 CA100048] NR 40 TC 257 Z9 262 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1325 EP 1329 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0329 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 192BD UT WOS:000248174800001 PM 17626997 ER PT J AU Lian, FZ Smith, DE Ernst, H Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Lian, Fuzhi Smith, Donald E. Ernst, Hansgeorg Russell, Robert M. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhihits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; ACYCLO-RETINOIC ACID; LYCOPENE INDUCES APOPTOSIS; SMOKE-EXPOSED FERRETS; BETA-CAROTENE; PROSTATE-CANCER; RECEPTOR-BETA; SELECTIVE RETINOIDS; CYCLE PROGRESSION AB High intake of lycopene has been associated with a lower risk of a variety of cancers including lung cancer. We recently showed that lycopene can be converted to apo-10'-lycopenoids [Hu et al. (2006). J. Biol. Chem., 281, 19327-19338] in mammalian tissues both in vitro and in vivo, raising the question of whether apo-10'-lycopenoids have biological activities against lung carcinogenesis. In the present study, we report that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibited the growth of NHBE normal human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B-immortalized normal bronchial epithelial cells and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. This inhibitory effect of apo-10'-lycopenoic acid was associated with decreased cyclin E, inhibition of cell cycle progression from G, to S phase and increased cell cycle regulators p21 and p27 protein levels. In addition, apo-10'-lycopenoic acid transactivated the retinoic acid receptor 0 (RAR beta) promoter and induced the expression of RAR beta. We further examined the effect of apo-10'-lycopenoic acid treatment on 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridal)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model. We found that the lung tumor multiplicity was decreased dose dependently from an average of 16 tumors per mouse in the NNK injection alone group, to an average of 10, 7 and 5 tumors per mouse in groups injected with NNK and supplemented with 10, 40 and 120 mg/kg diet of apo-10'-lycopenoic acid, respectively. These observations demonstrate that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid is a biological active metabolite of lycopene and suggest that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid is a potential chemopreventive agent against lung tumorigenesis. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. BASF Inc, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu RI Lian, Fuzhi/F-9083-2015 OI Lian, Fuzhi/0000-0002-0733-579X FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA104932] NR 58 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1567 EP 1574 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgm076 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 199XX UT WOS:000248729600027 PM 17420169 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MR Budde, AD AF Schmitt, Mark R. Budde, Allen D. TI Improved methods for high-throughput extraction and assay of green barley malt proteinase activity facilitating examination of proteinase activity across large-scale barley populations SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; ASPARTIC PROTEINASE; BETA-AMYLASE; QUALITY; ENDOPEPTIDASE; ENDOPROTEASES; SPECIFICITY; ENZYMES; GRAIN AB We report efficient sample extraction and assay methods allowing quantitative determinations of proteinase activities from barley malt. The improved methods are used to assay > 2,200 developmental lines of malting barley for two subsets of proteinase activity. The distributions of the resulting activities suggest differences in population structures between the two types of protemases. Comparison of the activities of the green malt proteinases with standard malting quality measurements show highly significant correlations that differ between the proteinase subsets. The pH 4.5 hydrolysis of the artificial substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC correlates well with the traditional malting quality measurements, supporting the role of cysteine-class proteinases in mobilization of grain reserves during malting and mashing. Results from assays of gelatin hydrolysis at pH 6.0 suggest that these proteolytic activities may be involved in other aspects of seed C and N dynamics also linked to malting quality measurements. The differences between the pH 4.5 and 6.0 activities assayed here and their association with malting quality measurements suggest different physiological roles for the two proteinase activities in several aspects of seed germination. Either assay could be useful for population surveys, depending on the particular facet of seed metabolism under study. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Schmitt, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 502 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mark.schmitt@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-4-0313 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199BE UT WOS:000248670400003 ER PT J AU Champagne, ET Bett-Garber, KL Grimm, CC McClung, AM AF Champagne, Elaine T. Bett-Garber, Karen L. Grimm, Casey C. McClung, Anna M. TI Effects of organic fertility management on physicochemical properties and sensory quality of diverse rice cultivars SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COOKED-RICE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; PROTEIN CONTENT; MILLED RICE; BROWN RICE; TEXTURE AB The demand for organically grown rice has increased with consumer demand for organic foods. The objective of this research was to determine whether there are physicochemical differences in organically and conventionally grown rice that contribute to flavor and texture differences, as determined by descriptive sensory analysis, an objective tool. Five diverse cultivars (four nonwaxy and one waxy) were grown at Beaumont, TX, with 100 or 50% recommended nitrogen fertilizer using conventional management or with chicken litter using organic management. Mean protein content differed significantly (P < 0.05) with fertilizer input, whereas mean apparent amylose and mineral contents (with few exceptions) did not differ. The mean protein content of each cultivar grown with the 100% N rate typically used was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the cultivar grown organically or at the 50% N rate. The mean protein contents of the cultivars grown organically and at the 50% N rate did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). Slickness, which correlates negatively with protein content, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in four of the five organically grown rice cultivars than in the same cultivars grown conventionally using the 100% N rate. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the slickness of the cultivars grown organically and conventionally using the 50% N rate. Roughness and hardness, which have a weak positive correlation with protein content, also differed significantly (P < 0.05) with fertilizer input in some of the cultivars. Observed differences in pasting and cooked textural properties of cultivars grown with different fertilizer types and input were the result of differences in protein content and not organic management, per se. In addition, no differences in flavor were observed due to management method. These results demonstrate that rice grown on land that is being transitioned into organic production is not expected to have significant differences in cooking or processing quality. The organic management method resulted in reduced protein content and a change in texture that may positively affect consumer acceptance of organically grown rice in markets that prefer rice that is more slick. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX USA. RP Champagne, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA USA. EM etchamp@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-4-0320 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199BE UT WOS:000248670400004 ER PT J AU LeClere, S Schmelz, EA Chourey, PS AF LeClere, Sherry Schmelz, Eric A. Chourey, Prern S. TI Phenolic compounds accumulate specifically in maternally-derived tissues of developing maize kernels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EARWORM RESISTANCE FACTOR; MYB-HOMOLOGOUS GENES; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; FERULIC ACID; ZEA-MAYS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SILK MAYSIN; P-GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CELLS AB Phenolic compounds function in natural resistance of plants to insects, pathogens, and abiotic stresses. We investigated the flavonoid and phenolic acid content in developing maize kernels from 8 to 28 days after pollination and found a complex and developmentally dynamic mixture of compounds. LC-MS analysis showed no detectable levels of the flavonoid maysin in any of the kernel tissue tested. Accumulation of the three most abundant analytes was developmentally and spatially regulated and independent of the regulatory transcription factor pericarp color 1 (PI). Major analytes have UV characteristics similar to hydroxycinnamic acids. LC-MS indicates molecular weights of 410, 440, and 862 mass units, representing coumaroyiferuloylputrescine (CFP), diferuloylputrescine (DFP), and a novel compound, respectively. There are large differences in the abundance of these compounds between genetic backgrounds, and accumulation increases with age. We dissected and analyzed various tissue types and demonstrated that the majority of these compounds are present in pedicels, with lesser amounts in pericarp and placento-chalazal regions. These data indicate that complex phenolic acids and amides rather than flavonoids are the major phenolic constituents in developing kernels, and accumulation of these compounds is developmentally and spatially regulated, with the greatest abundance in maternal tissues surrounding the kernel. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Unit, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol & Agron, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Chourey, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Unit, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM pchourey@ifas.ufl.edu OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-4-0350 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199BE UT WOS:000248670400009 ER PT J AU Chevanan, N Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA Julson, JL AF Chevanan, Nehru Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan Rosentrater, Kurt A. Julson, James L. TI Effect of die dimensions on extrusion processing parameters and properties of DDGS-based aquaculture feeds SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STARCH GELATINIZATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MOISTURE-CONTENT; SCREW EXTRUDER; CORN STARCH; PRODUCTS; EXPANSION; VISCOSITY AB The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of die nozzle dimensions, barrel temperature profile, and moisture content on DDGS-based extrudate properties and extruder processing parameters. An ingredient blend containing 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), along with soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, whey, mineral and vitamin mix, with a net protein content adjusted to 28% was extruded in a single-screw laboratory extruder using seven different die nozzles. Increasing moisture content of the ingredient mix from 15 to 25% resulted in a 2.0, 16.0, 16.3, 22.9, 18.5, 32.5, and 63.7% decrease, respectively, in bulk density, water-solubility index, sinking velocity, L*, b*, mass flow rate, and absolute pressure, as well as 11.6, 16.2, and 7% increases, respectively, in pellet durability, water-absorption index, and a*. Increasing the temperature from 100 to 140 degrees C resulted in 17.0, 5.9, 35.4, 50.6, 28.8, 33.9, and 33.9% decreases, respectively, in unit density, pellet durability, sinking velocity, absolute pressure, specific mechanical energy, torque, and apparent viscosity, but a 49.1 and 16.9% increase, respectively, in dough temperature and water-absorption index. Increasing the LID ratio of the die nozzle resulted in an increase in bulk density, L*, a*, and torque, but a decrease in unit density, pellet durability, water-absorption index, sinking velocity, b*, mass flow rate, dough temperature, and apparent viscosity. As demonstrated in this study, the selection of an appropriate die geometry, in addition to the selection of suitable temperature and moisture content levels, are critical for producing DDGS-based extrudates with optimum properties. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Grad Res Assistant, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Muthukumarappan, K (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM muthukum@sdstate.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-4-0389 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199BE UT WOS:000248670400015 ER PT J AU Liu, KS AF Liu, Keshun TI A modified laboratory method to remove outer layers from cereal grains using a barley pearler SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SORGHUM; WHEAT; FRACTIONS; PHYTOCHEMICALS; DECORTICATION; ENDOSPERM; ABRASION; HARDNESS; VARIETY; QUALITY AB A variety of nutrients and some undesirable components are found and possibly concentrated in outer layers of cereal grains. There is a need to develop simple, efficient, and inexpensive laboratory methods in decorticating cereal grains for physicochemical and nutritional characterization and end-use exploration. This study focused on using a Strong-Scott barley pearler (BP) to abrade barleys and investigated factors that could affect kernel breakage, uniformity of abrading, repeatability, and quality of resulting fractions. Results show that the smaller the sample size, the higher the rate of surface removal. The difference in % removal among pearling times decreased as sample charge size increased. Screens with smaller holes (larger number of mesh per inch) decreased abrading efficiency but reduced kernel breakage significantly. The successive pearling mode (several pearling cycles per sample) not only provided a means to collect different fractions of outer layers and remaining kernels but also minimized kernel breakage and gave more uniform removal of outer layers among seeds as compared with the continuous pearling mode (only one pearling cycle per sample). As pearling progressed, the surface color of both outer layer and abraded kernel fractions became whiter. Subsequent trials with several other cereal grains (wheat, rice, sorghum, and oats) confirmed these findings. In conclusion, when modifications of equipment and procedures are made, the BP can be used as an efficient and inexpensive alternative for abrading various species of cereal grains. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, W Aberdeen, ID 83201 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, W Aberdeen, ID 83201 USA. EM KeshunL@UIdaho.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1094/CHEM-84-4-0399 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199BE UT WOS:000248670400016 ER PT J AU Liu, KS AF Liu, Keshun TI Laboratory methods to remove surface layers from cereal grains using a seed scarifier and comparison with a barley pearler SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SORGHUM; SCARIFICATION; GERMINATION; FRACTIONS; SAMPLES AB The distribution of nutrients and undesirable components within a cereal seed is heterogeneous, and many of the valuable nutrients are located in the outer layers. Efficient laboratory methods to remove these layers will allow for the experimental production of value-added products. A seed scarifier (SS) was used to abrade barleys, and factors affecting abrading performance and the quality of end fractions including sample charge size, mode of operation, motor speed, and cereal species were investigated. Results showed that the level of surface removal decreased as the sample charge size increased. Compared with a continuous abrading mode (only one abrading cycle per sample), a successive abrading mode (multiple abrading cycles per sample) not only provided a means to collect different fractions of outer layers and remaining kernels, but also minimized kernel breakage and gave more uniform removal of outer layers among seeds. Reduction in motor speeds tended to decrease removal efficiency but significantly prevented kernels from breakage. Subsequent trials with other grain species (wheat, rice, sorghum, and oat) confirmed these findings. Compared with a barley pearler, the SS was easier to operate, produced more repeatable data, and gave more uniform removal from a seed. The SS is an inexpensive and reliable alternative for abrading various species of cereal grains. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, W Aberdeen, ID 83201 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, W Aberdeen, ID 83201 USA. EM KeshunL@UIdaho.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-4-0407 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199BE UT WOS:000248670400017 ER PT J AU Voigt, RG Llorente, AM Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Barbaresi, WJ Heird, WC AF Voigt, Robert G. Llorente, Antolin M. Jensen, Craig L. Fraley, J. Kennard Barbaresi, William J. Heird, William C. TI Comparison of the validity of direct pediatric developmental evaluation versus developmental screening by parent report SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Capute Scales; child development; Child Development Review; developmental screening; developmental evaluation ID AUDITORY MILESTONE SCALE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFANT DEVELOPMENT; BAYLEY SCALES; PRIMARY-CARE; CAT/CLAMS; SURVEILLANCE; INDEX AB To compare the validity of direct pediatric developmental evaluation with developmental screening by parent report, parents completed a developmental screen (the Child Development Review), a pediatrician performed a direct developmental evaluation (Capute Scales), and a psychologist administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development to a group of 30-month-old children. The agreement between these instruments was tested. All developmental quotient scores derived from the Capute Scales were more highly correlated with concurrent Bayley Mental Development Index scores than developmental quotient scores derived from the Child Development Review. Differences between developmental quotient scores derived from the Capute Scales and corresponding Bayley Mental Development Index scores were significantly smaller than those derived from the Child Development Review. Thus, direct pediatric developmental evaluation more reliably predicted concurrent Mental Development Index scores at 30 months of age than developmental screening by parent report. Increased emphasis on training of pediatric healthcare providers in direct developmental evaluation should be considered. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Div Dev & Behav Pediat, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med & Mt Washington Pediat Hosp, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat & ARS USDA, Houston, TX USA. RP Voigt, RG (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Div Dev & Behav Pediat, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM voigt.robert@mayo.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1177/0009922806299100 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 180UC UT WOS:000247390600008 PM 17579105 ER PT J AU Lynn, SG Shepherd, BS AF Lynn, Scott G. Shepherd, Brian S. TI Molecular characterization and sex-specific tissue expression of prolactin, somatolactin and insulin-like growth factor-I in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone (GH); prolactin (PRL); somatolactin (SL); insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I); yellow perch; molecular; cloning; DNA ID PRO-IGF-I; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX SOMATOLACTIN; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HORMONE FAMILY PROTEIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; MESSENGER-RNA; COHO SALMON; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; E-PEPTIDES; PITUITARY PROTEIN AB The cDNA sequences encoding prolactin (PRL), somatolactin (SL) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) genes of the yellow perch were obtained. Brain, pituitary, gill, heart, liver, stomach, kidney, spleen, muscle and gonad tissues were analyzed from both male and female adult yellow perch for sex-specific tissue expression. The full length cDNA of yellow perch PRL consists of 2306 by and PRL expression was highest in the yellow perch pituitary with low to moderate expression in other tissues including brain, gill and post-vitellogenic oocytes. The full length cDNA of yellow perch SL consists of 1589 by and SL expression was highest in the yellow perch pituitary with low to moderate expression in other tissues including brain, gill, liver, stomach, spleen and kidney. The full length cDNA of yellow perch IGF-Ib consists of 814 by and tissue expression analysis of yellow perch IGF-I revealed a second yellow perch transcript (IGF-Ia) that is 81 nucleotides smaller. Both IGF-Ib and IGFIa had the greatest expression in liver tissue with moderate expression in brain, spleen and kidney tissues of both sexes. These sequences are valuable molecular tools which can be used in future studies investigating the basis for sexually dimorphic growth in yellow perch. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USDA ARS, Great Lakes WATER, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. RP Lynn, SG (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM sglynn@msu.edu NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3 BP 412 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.02.005 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 183EQ UT WOS:000247555900008 PM 17418604 ER PT J AU Lee, S Lillehoj, HS Park, DW Hong, YH Lin, JJ AF Lee, Sunghyen Lillehoj, Hyun S. Park, Dong W. Hong, Yeong H. Lin, J. J. TI Effects of Pediococcus- and Saccharomyces-based probiotic (MitoMax (R)) on coccidiosis in broiler chickens SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE probiotic; MitoMax; broiler; Eimeria; coccidiosis; humoral immunity ID EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; VACCINATION STRATEGIES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; RESISTANCE; TENELLA; EFFICIENCY; BOULARDII; MAXIMA; FEED AB Coccidiosis is the major parasitic disease of poultry. In this study, the role of the commercial probiotic MitoMax (R) which contains Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces boulardii was evaluated by measuring body weight gain, fecal oocyst shedding, and serum antibody responses as an alternative control method of prophylactic drug against coccidiosis. Day-old broiler chicks were fed regular or probiotic diets supplemented with MitoMax at 0.01%, 0.1%, or 1.0% of diet, and challenged 2 weeks later with 5000 oocysts of either Eimeria acervulina (EA) or Eimeria tenella (ET). Birds fed 1.0% or 0.1% MitoMax-supplemented diets in EA- or ET-infected groups shed less (P < 0.05) oocysts than control-infected chickens. Also, chickens fed 0.1% MitoMax-supplemented diet and infected with EA exhibited higher (P < 0.001) serum Eimeria-specific antibodies than other groups. These results demonstrate that MitoMax may enhance the resistance of birds against coccidiosis by enhancing humoral immunity when included at >= 0.1% of the broiler diet. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anom Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Imagilin Technol LLC, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anom Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.02.002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 185OP UT WOS:000247720600006 PM 17434586 ER PT J AU Muzaffar, SB Hoberg, EP Jones, IL AF Muzaffar, Sabir B. Hoberg, Eric P. Jones, Ian L. TI First record of Alcataenia larina larina (Cestoda : Dilepididae) in Atlantic puffins (Aves, Alcidae, Fratercula arctica) from Newfoundland, Canada SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alcataenia larina larina; Alcataenia larina pacifica; herring gull; Larus argentatus; Atlantic puffin; Fratercula arctica; host record ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; HELMINTH PARASITES; GANNET ISLANDS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ABUNDANCE; LABRADOR; MURRES AB The tapeworm Alcataenia larina (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae) is a parasite of gulls (Laridae) with a Holarctic distribution in oceanic and littoral habitats. Two subspecies Alcataenia larina pacifica and Alcataenia larina larina are recognized with the former occurring in the North Pacific basin and the latter in the North Atlantic. Alcids serve as incidental hosts for both species and infections are generally rare, usually involving few specimens. We report A. l. larina in Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) collected from the Bay of Exploits. Newfoundland. The 14 strobilate and early gravid specimens were clearly distinguishable from the closely related Alcataenia cerorhincae and Alcataenia fraterculae by the smaller dimensions of the rostellar hooks and cirrus sac. Increasing numbers of gulls around seabird colonies in Newfoundland may result in more frequent contact between gulls and alcids, such as puffins (during foraging), promoting cross infections of A. l. larina. C1 Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Muzaffar, SB (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. EM v35sbm@mun.ca OI Muzaffar, Sabir/0000-0001-9195-1677 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 74 IS 2 BP 380 EP 382 DI 10.1654/4253.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 194ZC UT WOS:000248381300025 ER PT J AU Mirik, M Michels, GJ Kassymzhanova-Mirik, S Elliott, NC AF Mirik, M. Michels, G. J., Jr. Kassymzhanova-Mirik, S. Elliott, N. C. TI Reflectance characteristics of Russian wheat aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) stress and abundance in winter wheat SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE aphid infestations; remote sensing; Russian wheat aphid; spectral signatures; spectral indices; wheat ID LEAF PIGMENT CONTENT; JACK PINE BUDWORM; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY; MULTISPECTRAL RADIOMETRY; REMOTE ESTIMATION; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; AIRBORNE VIDEO; GROWTH STAGES AB The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)) infests wheat (Triticurn aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and other small grains and grasses. Russian wheat aphid infestations are unpredictable in time and space. In favorable conditions, Russian wheat aphid feeding can result in heavy damage to wheat and barley in a short period of time. A repetitive monitoring strategy that allows for rapid assessment of aphid infestation and damage over the growing season is critically needed. Tracking the irregular infestation patterns of Russian wheat aphid in order to optimize control efforts is central to the successful management of this aphid. One method that has been shown over a number of years to be useful for monitoring some insect outbreaks is to measure the light reflected by the infested canopy, plant, or leaf. Hence, this research was designed to investigate: (1) the potential use of remotely sensed data to discern and identify differences in spectral reflection patterns (spectral signatures) of winter wheat canopies with and without Russian wheat aphid infestation, and (2) the relationship between spectral indices and Russian wheat aphid abundance in wheat canopies growing in field conditions. Russian wheat aphid-infested wheat canopies had significantly lower reflectance in the near infrared region and higher in the visible range of the spectrum when compared with noninfested canopies. Linear regression analyses showed that there were varying relationships between Russian wheat aphid density and spectral vegetation indices, with coefficients of determination (r(2)) ranging from 0.91 to 0.01. These results indicate that remote sensing data have the potential to distinguish damage by Russian wheat aphid and quantify its abundance in wheat. However, success for Russian wheat aphid density estimation depends on the selection of spectral vegetation indices. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Mirik, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM mustafamirik@gmail.com NR 65 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.03.002 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 172WC UT WOS:000246834200002 ER PT J AU Cho, BK Chen, YR Kim, MS AF Cho, Byoung-Kwan Chen, Yud-Ren Kim, Moon S. TI Multispectral detection of organic residues on poultry processing plant equipment based on hyperspectral reflectance imaging technique SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; multispectral; reflectance image; fecal contamination ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES AB Diluted organic residues, such as feces, ingesta and other biological substances on poultry processing plant equipment surfaces, not easily discernible by human eye, are potential contamination sources for poultry carcasses. Development of sensitive detection methods for diluted organic residues is essential to ensure safe production of poultry carcasses. Hyperspectral imaging techniques have shown good potential for detecting the presence of fecal and other biological contaminants on food and processing equipment surfaces. In this study, the use of high spatial resolution hyperspectral reflectance is presented as a tool for selecting a few multispectral bands to detect diluted organic residues on the surface of materials used for manufacturing processing equipment. Reflectance imaging methods were explored for use in the detection of a range of diluted organic residues for both wet and dry conditions. Results showed that low concentrations of wet and dry residues, diluted up to 1: 100 by weight with double distilled water, could be differentiated from stainless steel background with accuracies of 94.0 and 99.7%, respectively. Spectral bands determined in this study could be used for developing a multispectral inspection system for sanitation monitoring of poultry processing plants. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cheny@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.03.008 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 172WC UT WOS:000246834200006 ER PT J AU Benson, AC Torode, ME Singh, MAF AF Benson, Amanda C. Torode, Margaret E. Fiatarone Singh, Maria A. TI A rationale and method for high-intensity progressive resistance training with children and adolescents SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE weight training; pediatric; diabetes; obesity; insulin resistance; primary prevention; strength; 1RM; children; adolescent; randomized controlled trial ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-MASS; STRENGTH; OBESITY; EXERCISE; WEIGHT; METAANALYSIS AB Background: The rising prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is implicated in the metabolic abnormalities that track into adulthood. The associated increased incidence of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes being identified in younger cohorts has given rise to a critical global health issue. Muscular strength is a vital component of metabolic fitness that provides protection from insulin resistance in adults, and we have recently shown this to be true in children as well. Targeting muscular strength deficiencies at an early age may be an effective preventative strategy for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Purpose: There is limited evidence-based best practice for progressive resistance training (PRT), adiposity and metabolic fitness in children and adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methodology we utilized for implementing a PRT program to avoid publication bias, enable replication of the study and share a novel program that we have found safe and suitable for use with youth. Methods: We conducted the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) prescribing high-intensity PRT to children and adolescents (10-15 years) as a community-based primary prevention program to address adiposity and metabolic health. Participants were instructed to complete 2 sets of 8 repetitions of 11 exercises targeting all the major muscle groups twice a week at an RPE of 15-18 for 8 weeks. Results: Primary outcome was waist circumference; secondary outcomes included insulin resistance, lipid levels, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, self-efficacy, self-concept, habitual physical activity, nutritional and sedentary behavior patterns. Conclusion: The supervised PRT program that we used with children and adolescents has been described in detail. The efficacy of this modality of exercise for metabolic fitness and other health outcomes is now under investigation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Benson, AC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Fac Hlth Sci, E St, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. EM acbkiwi@clear.net.nz OI Benson, Amanda Clare/0000-0003-2959-8969 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD JUL PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 442 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2006.11.004 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 178MD UT WOS:000247223900014 PM 17185043 ER PT J AU Richards, TJ Patterson, PM Tegene, A AF Richards, Timothy J. Patterson, Paul M. Tegene, Abebayehu TI Obesity and nutrient consumption: A rational addiction? SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION; CIGARETTE ADDICTION; EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; MARKET-STRUCTURE; ECONOMIC-THEORY; LOGIT MODEL; PANEL-DATA; DEMAND; BEHAVIOR; SMOKING AB Recent research shows that the dramatic rise in obesity in the United States is due more to the overconsumption of unhealthy foods than underactivity. This study tests for an addiction to food nutrients as a potential explanation for the apparent excessive consumption. A random coefficients (mixed) logit model is used to test a multivariate rational addiction model. The results reveal a particularly strong addiction to carbohydrates. The implication of this finding is that price-based policies, sin taxes, or produce subsidies that change the expected future costs and benefits of consuming carbohydrate-intensive foods may be effective in controlling excessive nutrient intake. C1 Arizona State Univ, Morrison Sch Management & Agribusiness, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Richards, TJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Morrison Sch Management & Agribusiness, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM trichards@asu.edu; paul.patterson@asu.edu; ategene@ers.usda.gov NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD JUL PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 309 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2007.00047.x PG 16 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 182TH UT WOS:000247526400002 ER PT J AU Chanbang, Y Arthur, FH Wilde, GE Throne, JE AF Chanbang, Yaowaluk Arthur, Frank H. Wilde, Gerald E. Throne, James E. TI Efficacy of diatomaceous earth to control Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera : Bostrichidae) in rough rice: Impacts of temperature and relative humidity SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE protectant; inert dust; insects; control; Rhyzopertha dominica ID STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES; INSECTICIDAL EFFICACY; EXPOSURE INTERVAL; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; WHEAT; TENEBRIONIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; MORTALITY; MAIZE; DUSTS AB Laboratory trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of diatomaccous earth (DE) against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, on stored rough rice. Two DE commercial products, Insecto (TM) and Protect-It (R), were applied at their respective label rates of 500 and 400ppm to long grain rice by hand-mixing the DE with the rice. R. dominica were exposed for varying time intervals, mortality was assessed, and rice was held at different temperatures and relative humidities (r.h.) for 8 weeks until F, adult emergence. There was a significant difference in mortality between the DE treatments and untreated controls (P<0.01), but no significant differences with respect to the two DE products (P >= 0.05). Mortality increased as exposure interval increased, and ranged from 15.8% to 69.2%, depending on the exposure interval. Although the general ANOVA showed a significant difference for temperature and r.h., when mortality and r.h. were compared only 5 out of 30 comparisons were significant (P < 0.05). There was extensive progeny production in all treatments (including controls) and more progeny were produced at 32 than at 27 degrees C. The overall ANOVA showed a difference for treatment and r.h., but again few comparisons were significant (P<0.05). Results showed that the two DE products did not completely suppress R. dominica on rough rice, and combination treatments with another insecticide may be necessary to give complete control. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 923 EP 929 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.08.009 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 177XR UT WOS:000247186300007 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, B Toews, MD Ileleji, KE Maier, DE Thompson, GD Pitts, TJ AF Subramanyam, Bhadriraju Toews, Michael D. Ileleji, Klein E. Maier, Dirk E. Thompson, Gary D. Pitts, Terry J. TI Evaluation of spinosad as a grain protectant on three Kansas farms SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE stored grain; protectants; persistence; insects; efficacy; grain quality ID RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; NEWLY HARVESTED WHEAT; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY; BOSTRICHIDAE; DEGRADATION; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; INFESTATION AB The persistence and insecticidal activity of a commercial insecticide, spinosad, based on the fermentation products of the actinomycete bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa Mertz and Yao (Actinomycetales: Actinomycetaceae), was evaluated on three Kansas farms between July 2002 and January 2003. Spinosad was applied to newly harvested hard red winter wheat at 1 mg (a.i.)/kg of grain at the time of storage in round, steel bins with capacity of 60-125 metric tons. Insect populations in grain samples collected monthly from bins receiving spinosad treatment were compared with populations in bins receiving no treatment (control), bins receiving 3 mg (a.i.)/kg of chlorpyrifos-methyl, and bins receiving I mg (a.i.)/kg spinosad + 3 mg (a.i.)/kg chlorpyrifos-methyl treatment. The actual spinosad residue on wheat immediately after treatment was 30% less than the application rate of I mg (a.i.)/kg, but there was no significant degradation of these residues during the 6-month test period. None of the July samples from any of the four treatments had live adults of stored-product insects. No live adults of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dorninica (F.), and very low densities (<= 3 live adults/kg of sample) of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneunt (Herbst); rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferruginetis (Stephens); and sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), were found in grain samples collected between August and January from bins treated with spinosad or spinosad + chlorpyrifos-methyl. The density of all four insect species combined in untreated grain samples steadily increased from 0.5 adults/kg in August 2002 to a high of 22.1 adults/kg in January 2003. In grain samples from bins treated with chlorpyrifosmethyl, the density of R. dominica adults increased from 0.4 adults/kg in September 2002 to a maximum of 10.2 adults/kg in January 2003, whereas densities of the other three species were <= 1 adult/kg. Laboratory bioassays with monthly grain samples collected from the field applications showed that spinosad, alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos-methyl, was effective in killing adults of R. dominica and C ferrugineus, but not T castaneum. Progeny production of these three species was suppressed on spinosad-treated grain, irrespective of the sampling month. Results show that a single application of spinosad at 1 mg (a.i.)/kg is effective for managing common stored-grain insects, including R. dominica, for at least 6 months. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. Bayer CropSci, Plano, TX 75093 USA. RP Subramanyam, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, 201 Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sbhadrir@ksu.edu OI Maier, Dirk E/0000-0003-2583-0011 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1021 EP 1030 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.09.011 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 177XR UT WOS:000247186300021 ER PT J AU Larkin, RP Griffin, TS AF Larkin, Robert P. Griffin, Timothy S. TI Control of soilborne potato diseases using Brassica green manures SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE solanum tuberosum; cropping systems; stem canker; black scurf; powdery scab; Rhizoctonia solani; spongospora subterranea; streptomyces; scabiei ID ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE PRODUCTION; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BORNE-FUNGAL-PATHOGENS; MOP-TOP-VIRUS; FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; CROPPING SYSTEMS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM AB Brassica crops used in crop rotations and as green manures have been associated with reductions in soilborne pests and pathogens. These reductions have been attributed to the production of volatile sulfur compounds through a process known as biofumigation, and to changes in soil microbial community structure. In this study, selected Brassica crops, including canola, rapeseed, radish, turnip, yellow mustard, and Indian mustard, were evaluated for control of various soilborne potato pathogens and diseases in culture, in greenhouse trials, and in field trials on commercial potato farms. In in vitro assays, volatiles released from chopped leaf material of Brassica crops and barley inhibited growth of a variety of soilborne pathogens of potato, including Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora erythroseptica, Pythium ultimum, Selerotinia sclerotiorum, and Fusarium sambucinam, with Indian mustard resulting in nearly complete inhibition (80-100%). All Brassica crops and barley reduced inoculum levels of R. solani (20-56% reduction) in greenhouse tests, and radish, rapeseed, and Indian mustard reduced subsequent potato seedling disease by 40-83%. In an on-farm field trial at a site with a substantial powdery scab problem, Indian mustard, rapeseed, canola, and ryegrass grown as green manure rotation crops reduced powdery scab in the subsequent potato crop by 15-40%, and canola and rapeseed reduced black scurf by 70-80% relative to a standard oats rotation. At another field site where common scab was the primary disease problem, an Indian mustard green manure reduced common scab by 25%, and rapeseed, yellow mustard, and 'Lemtal' ryegrass also reduced black scurf relative to a standard ryegrass rotation. Disease reductions were not always associated with higher glucosinolate-producing crops, and were also observed with non-Brassica crops (barley and ryegrass), indicating other mechanisms and interactions are important, particularly for control of R. solani. Overall, Indian mustard was most effective for reducing powdery scab and common scab diseases, whereas rapeseed and canola were most effective in reducing Rhizoctonia diseases. These results indicate that Brassica crops have potential for use as green manures for the control of multiple soilborne disease problems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Larkin, RP (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM larkin@maine.edu NR 40 TC 134 Z9 152 U1 12 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1067 EP 1077 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.004 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 177XR UT WOS:000247186300028 ER PT J AU Lamb, JFS Jung, HJG Sheaffer, CC Samac, DA AF Lamb, Joann F. S. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Sheaffer, Craig C. Samac, Deborah A. TI Alfalfa leaf protein and stem cell wall polysaccharide yields under hay and biomass management systems SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; MULTIFOLIOLATE ALFALFA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MORPHOLOGICAL STAGE; PLANT MORPHOLOGY; HERBAGE QUALITY; POPULATION; DIGESTIBILITY; COMPONENTS; MATURITY AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been proposed as a biofuel feedstock in which the stems would be processed to produce ethanol and the leaves sold separately as a livestock feed. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of management strategy on leaf crude protein (CP), and stem carbohydrate concentrations and yields of alfalfa germplasms differing in genetic background. Two hay-type and two biomass-type alfalfas were established at 450 plants m(-2) and harvested at early bud (hay, management system) and at 180 plants m(-2) and harvested at green pod (biomass management system) in three environments. The biomass-type alfalfas under the biomass management had lower leaf CP, higher stem cell wall polysaccharide, and higher stem lignin concentrations, comparable leaf CP yield, and 37% greater stem cell wall polysaccharide yields compared to the hay-type alfalfas under the hay management treatment. The impact of altered stem cell Wall composition and increased stem dry matter yield of a biomass-type alfalfa under the,biomass system compared to a hay-type alfalfa under the hay system increased the theoretical potential ethanol yield by 99%. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM JoAnn.Lamb@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1407 EP 1415 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0665 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400011 ER PT J AU Klindworth, DL Miller, JD Jin, Y Xu, SS AF Klindworth, Daryl L. Miller, James D. Jin, Yue Xu, Steven S. TI Chromosomal locations of genes for stem rust resistance in monogenic lines derived from tetraploid wheat accession ST464 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DURUM-WHEAT; REGISTRATION AB The genetics of resistance to stem,rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn.) in durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is not as well understood as for bread wheat (T aestivum L.). Our objective was to determine the chromosomal location of genes for stem rust resistance in four monogenic lines derived from the Ethiopian tetraploid landrace ST464. The four monogenic lines were crossed to a set of stem rust susceptible aneuploids based on the tetraploid line 47-1. We observed chromosome pairing in the hybrids and made testcrosses to 'Rusty' durum. Monogenic lines ST464-A1 and ST464-A2 were observed to carry a 2A/4B translocation, and subsequent crosses proved that the translocation was derived from ST464. Testcross F 2 seedlings were inoculated with one of three stem rust pathotypes and classified for segregation for resistance to identify the critical chromosome for each monogenic line. The stem rust resistance genes in monogenic lines ST464-A1, ST464-A2, and ST464-C1 were located to chromosomes 6A, 213, and 6A, respectively. The gene in ST464-B1 may be located to chromosome 4A, because it appeared it was not located on any of the other 13 chromosomes. The four ST464 monogenic lines and hexaploid lines carrying Sr9e and Sr13 were then tested with eight stem rust pathotypes with the objective of postulating the genes present in the monogenic lines. The genes in ST464-A2 and ST464-C1 were postulated to be Sr9e and Sr13, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Klindworth, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, State Univ Stn, PO Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Daryl.Klindworth@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1441 EP 1450 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0345 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400014 ER PT J AU Booker, FL Burkey, KO Pursley, WA Heagle, AS AF Booker, Fitzgerald L. Burkey, Kent O. Pursley, Walter A. Heagle, Allen S. TI Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone effects on peanut: I. Gas-exchange, biomass, and leaf chemistry SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; TOP FIELD CHAMBERS; YIELD RESPONSES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT-RESPONSES; CROP YIELD; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT; MIXTURES AB The effects of elevated CO2 and ozone (O-3) on net photosynthetic rate (A) and growth are generally antagonistic although plant responses are highly dependent on crop sensitivity to the individual gases and their concentrations. In this experiment, we evaluated the effects of various CO2 and O-3 mixtures on leaf gas-exchange, harvest biomass, and leaf chemistry in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an O-3-sensitive species, using open-top field chambers. Treatments included ambient CO2 (about 375 mu mol mol(-1)) and CO2 enrichment of approximately 173 and 355 mu mol mol-1 in combination with charcoal-filtered air (22 nmol O-3. mol(-1)), nonfiltered air (46 nmol 03 mol-1), and nonfiltered air plus O-3 (75 nmol O-3 mol(-1)). Twice-ambient CO in charcoal-filtered air increased A by 23% 2 while decreasing seasonal stomatal conductance (g) by 42%. Harvest biomass was increased 12 to 15% by elevated CO2. In ambient CO2, nonfiltered air and added O-3 lowered A by 21% and 3 48%, respectively, while added,O-3, reduced g, by 18%. Biomass was not significantly affected by nonfiltered air, but was 40% lower in the added O-3 treatment. Elevated CO2 generally suppressed i inhibitory effects of O-3. on A and harvest biomass. Leaf starch concentration was increased i by elevated CO, and decreased by O-3. Treatment effects on foliar N and total phenolic coni centrations were minor. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations should attenuate detrimental effects of ambient O-3 and promote growth in peanut but its effectiveness declines with increasing O-3 concentrations. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM fitz.booker@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1475 EP 1487 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0537 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400018 ER PT J AU Burkey, KO Booker, FL Pursley, WA Heagle, AS AF Burkey, Kent O. Booker, Fitzgerald L. Pursley, Walter A. Heagle, Allen S. TI Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone effects on peanut: II. Seed yield and quality SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; SPRING WHEAT; GROWTH; RESPONSES; IMPACT; MIXTURES; STRESS; FIELD; CROP AB Many adverse effects of tropospheric 0 3 on C 3 crop plants are ameliorated by elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 but the extent of the interaction can vary, depending on the species, gas concentrations, and other experimental conditions. A 2-yr open-top field chamber experiment was conducted to examine this interaction in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by testing the effects of 0 3 and CO 2 mixtures on yield and seed quality. Treatments were ambient CO2 (375 mu mol mol(-1)) and CO 2 additions of approximately 173 and 355 mu mol mol-1 in combination with charcoal-filtered (CF) air (22 nmol 03 mol(-1)), nonfiltered (NF) air (46 nmol 0 3 mol(-1)), and NF air plus 03 (75 nmol 0 3 mol(-1)). At ambient CO2, pod number was suppressed 16% in NF air and 44% in elevated O-3. Pod and seed mass were not significantly affected in NF air but were lowered 33 to 37% in elevated O-3. Elevated CO 2 increased yield parameters 7 to 17% for plants grown in CF air and restored yield in NF air and elevated 0 3 treatments to control or higher levels. Gas treatment effects on peanut market grade characteristics were small. No treatment effects were observed on the protein and oil contents of seeds, but there were changes in fatty acid composition. Overall results indicate that increasing concentrations of tropospheric O-3 will suppress yield of O-3-sensitive peanut cultivars, while elevated CO2 will moderate this response. Elevated O-3 and CO2 are not expected to have major effects on peanut seed composition and quality. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Burkey, KO (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM kent.burkey@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1488 EP 1497 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0538 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400019 ER PT J AU Myers, DB Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Sharp, RE Miles, RJ AF Brenton Myers, D. Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Sharp, Robert E. Miles, Randall J. TI Soybean root distribution related to claypan soil properties and apparent soil electrical conductivity SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; PLANT-ROOTS; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; SYSTEM; YIELD; MODEL; CROP; MINIRHIZOTRONS; MANAGEMENT AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield in claypan soils varies systematically with soil properties and landscape position. This is likely caused by soil interactions with soybean roots. Field observations of soybean root distribution are needed to reveal its effect on yield variability. This study examined profile distributions of soybean root length density (RLD) and average root diameter (ARD) as a function of landscape position, depth to claypan (DTC), apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), clay-maximum translated depth (D), and other soil properties. A landscape of claypan soils was sampled postharvest at two sites near Centralia, MO, in 2001. Roots were washed from soil cores in 15-cm layers (15-120 cm) and measured with image analysis. Root length density and ARD were significantly related to landscape position, DTC, D-t, and ECa. Predictions of RLD and ARD were best from 15 to 60 cm, the depths with the greatest influence from claypan soil morphology. Soil profile distributions of base cations, P, and pH matched root density profiles. Soybean roots were inhibited in E horizons above the claypan and stimulated 20 to 40 cm below it. Soybean roots below the claypan had about 20 to 30% smaller diameter. We conclude that DTC and rapid estimators of claypan morphology, such as ECa, can be used to predict soybean root distribution in claypan soil landscapes. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Myers, DB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM myersdb@missouri.edu NR 60 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1498 EP 1509 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0460 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400020 ER PT J AU Balota, M Payne, WA Evett, SR Lazar, MD AF Balota, Maria Payne, William A. Evett, Steven R. Lazar, Mark D. TI Canopy temperature depression sampling to assess grain yield and genotypic differentiation in winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-STRESSED BASELINES; SPRING WHEAT; LEAF TEMPERATURES; DROUGHT RESPONSE; MOISTURE STRESS; CULTIVARS; SORGHUM; LINES; CONDUCTANCE; SENSITIVITY AB Canopy temperature depression (CTD = air temperature [Ta] - canopy temperature [Tc]) has been used to estimate crop yield and to rank genotypes for tolerance to heat and drought, but when to measure CTD for breeding selection has seldom been addressed. Our objectives were to evaluate the suitability of CTD for the Texas High Plains environment and to determine optimal measurement times in relation to growth stage, time of day, and weather. Three years of CTD and weather data were used to assess regression models of grain yield in three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines. Under dryland agriculture, long-term mean CTD at noon and yield were correlated in 2000 and 2001. The relation of short-term CTD readings to grain yield was highly variable. Poor correlation was associated with days of low solar irradiance, high wind speed, and rain events. Genotype effects on CTD were detected for all hours of day and night. Genotype x hour interaction was insignificant at night, suggesting that nighttime measurements may provide more stable conditions for CTD comparison among genotypes. In general, tree regression assessed grain yield from short-term CTD measurements better than linear regression and suggested that the best times to measure CTD were 0900, 1300, and 1800 h. Tree regression models provided a heuristic interpretation of crop water status under different scenarios of soil water availability. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX USA. RP Balota, M (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, 2301 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM m-balota@tamu.edu NR 47 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1518 EP 1529 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0383 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400022 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Blumenthal, DM AF Ziska, L. H. Blumenthal, D. M. TI Empirical selection of cultivated oat in response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CO2 CONCENTRATION; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; WHEAT; SENSITIVITY; GRADIENT AB Carbon dioxide is a principle resource for plant growth; as such, the ongoing increase in its concentration may allow breeders to begin selecting for optimal cultivars among current crop lines. Such a program may not be necessary, however, if breeders have, by empirical selection, already chosen the most responsive cultivars. To test this hypothesis, we examined the growth and vegetative characteristics of individual plants of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) from seven geographical locations to CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) increases that corresponded roughly to the [CO(2)] from the 1920s, the current [CO(2)], and the [CO(2)] projected for the middle of this century (300, 400, and 500 mu mol mol respectively). In contrast to our predictions, newer lines were less responsive than older lines to rising [CO(2)] in terms of both leaf area and tiller number. A comparison of phenotypic variability indicated that for almost all measured parameters, older lines, had a greater degree of intraspecific variability (i.e., newer lines were more uniform). As a consequence, a number of CO(2)-sensitive lines among older cultivars were identified with respect to parameters p such as vegetative biomass or tiller production. Our results suggest that for oat: (i) newer lines are not intrinsically more responsive to rising CO(2) levels than older lines; and (ii) phenotypic homogenization among modern lines could hamper efforts to identify desirable characteristics associated with CO(2) responsiveness. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Rangeland Resource Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1547 EP 1552 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.09.0616 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400025 ER PT J AU Norman, RC Coblentz, WK Hubbell, DS Ogden, RK Coffey, KP Caldwell, JD Rhein, RT West, CP Rosenkrans, CF AF Norman, R. C. Coblentz, W. K. Hubbell, D. S., III Ogden, R. K. Coffey, K. P. Caldwell, J. D. Rhein, R. T. West, C. P. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Effects of storage conditions on the forage quality characteristics and ergovaline content of endophyte-infected tall fescue hays SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; DRY-MATTER; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; ROUND BALES; BEEF-CATTLE; HPLC METHOD; PERFORMANCE; ALFALFA; LOSSES AB Throughout the southern Ozark Highlands, endophyte-infected tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] hay often is stored outdoors, without cover. At two research sites (Fayetteville and Batesville, AR), the effects of unprotected storage were assessed for large round bales of tall fescue hay packaged at three diameters (approximate to 1.1, 1.4, and 1.7 m). Bales were stored over winter either inside or outside on wooden pallets and then sampled at three depths (0-0.15 m, 0.15-0.31 m, and 0.31-0.46 m). At both locations, 'bale diameter had no effect (p > 0.05) on dry matter (DM) recovery or nutritive value. Generally, there was little deterioration of nutritive value during the storage period, regardless of treatment; however, some interactions (p <= 0.041) of storage location and sampling depth were observed at each experimental site. Ruminal disappearance kinetics of DM exhibited some statistical differences (p <= 0.030) in response to treatment, however, their relative magnitude was generally small, and there was little evidence to suggest biological relevance. After storage, concentrations of ergovaline were not affected (p > 0.05) by baling treatment at Batesville (overall mean 256 mu g kg(-1)); however, this was a 27.3% reduction from the initial concentration immediately after mowing. At Fayetteville this reduction was even greater, failing by 79.4% between standing forage (539 mu g kg(-1)) and samples taken from baled hay after storage (111 mu g kg(-1)). At both sites, bales stored outside on wooden pallets exhibited relatively small changes in nutritive value, disappearance kinetics, and ergovaline at the bale surface relative to the internal portions of the bale. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield Agr Exp Stn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Livestock & Forestry Branch Stn, Batesville, AR 72501 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield Agr Exp Stn, 8396 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM coblentz@wisc.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1635 EP 1646 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0656 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400035 ER PT J AU MacKown, CT Heitholt, JJ Rao, SC AF MacKown, Charles T. Heitholt, James J. Rao, Srinivas C. TI Agronomic feasibility of a continuous double crop of winter wheat and soybean forage in the southern Great Plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEGUME GREEN MANURES; QUALITY; REGISTRATION; YIELD; PERFORMANCE; CULTIVAR; RELEASE; SYSTEMS AB In the southern Great Plains, dryland double-cropping soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) could provide quality summer forage, partially offset mineral fertilizer N applied to winter wheat, and lessen soil erosion. Waiting for wheat grain to mature, however, delays soybean planting and subjects growth to dry and hot conditions. Planting soybean after a hay crop of wheat investigated to determine the feasibility of the system as a source of livestock feeds and N uptake by both crops. Twelve treatment com-112 kg N ha(-1)) and six summer management treatments (fallow: conventional and no-till; soybean: grazed, cut for hay, green manure, and mulch) were arranged in strips across four replications. Soybean biomass ranged from 1.35 to from 129 to 220 g kg(-1) resulting in a 3-yr average uptake of 44 kg ha(-1). Within each N fertilizer level, average wheat forage yields were not different, but yield increased 29% with N fertilizer and crude protein was inversely related to yield.,Double-cropped soybean failed to offer any yield-enhancing N benefit to wheat or enhance soil N and C content after 3 yr, even when used. as a green manure. Unless a producer is willing to accept the low productivity of soybean as a double crop with wheat, the feasibility of this dryland double-crop forage system is limited. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. RP MacKown, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Charles.MacKown@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1652 EP 1660 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0683 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400037 ER PT J AU Schnurr, JA Jung, HJG Samac, DA AF Schnurr, Judy A. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Samac, Deborah A. TI A comparative study of alfalfa and Medicago truncatula stem traits: Morphology, chemical composition, and ruminal digestibility SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC ALFALFA; DOWN-REGULATION; FORAGE QUALITY; SATIVA L.; LIGNIN; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADABILITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEGRADATION; DEPOSITION AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an agronomically important forage, but digestibility of stem cell wall material is low. Because the tetraploid genome of alfalfa complicates genetic dissection of complex pathways, the diploid M. truncatula Gaertn. could serve as a model for stem cell wall development in alfalfa. We compared stem morphology, chemical composition (protein, soluble carbohydrates, cell wall polysaccharides, and lignin), and in vitro ruminal cell wall polysaccharide digestibility of two alfalfa clones (Regen-SY27 and 718) and four M. truncatula inbred lines (A17, A20, DZA315.16, and R108) in a replicated growth chamber experiment. Stem tissue development and cell wall lignification observed by light microscopy were similar between the species. While differences in stem morphology, composition, and digestibility were observed among the germplasms, there was overlap between the alfalfa and M. truncatula germplasms for all traits except protein concentration, which was greater for the two alfalfa clones. Younger stem internodes (top third of the stem) of both species had a higher protein concentration and greater cell wall polysaccharide digestibility, and lower cell wall concentration than older internodes (bottom third of stem). Based on the data presented here, it appears that M. truncatula is a suitable model for stem development, composition, and digestibility of alfalfa. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jung, HJG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Hans.Jung@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1672 EP 1680 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0762 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400039 ER PT J AU Byfield, GE Upchurch, RG AF Byfield, Grace E. Upchurch, Robert G. TI Effect of temperature on delta-9 stearoyl-ACP and microsomal omega-6 desaturase gene expression and fatty acid content in developing soybean seeds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID DESATURASE; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; OIL; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCLIMATION; STABILITY; OILSEEDS; ENZYMES; PROTEIN AB Delta-9 stearoyl-ACP (SAD) and microsomal omega-6 oleate (FAD2) desaturases contribute to the maintenance of lipid fluidity in membranes and the fatty acid composition of storage lipids in seed. Since these enzymes must operate at varying environmental temperatures, they are under constitutive control, but they may also be subject to fine regulation both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. We measured transcript accumulation of the seed-expressed SAD-A and SAD-B and FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B genes in the seeds of three soybean varieties grown at cool (22/180 degrees C), normal (26/22 degrees C), or warm (30/26 degrees C) temperatures during pod fill. At the cool temperature, transcript accumulation of both the SAD and FAD2-1 genes was significantly elevated, with FAD2-1B 2- to 10-fold or greater than FAD2-1A at 35 d after flowering. Expression of both SAD and FAD2-1 were significantly decreased in seed that developed at the warm temperature. Decreased FAD2-1 transcript accumulation at the warm temperature was positively associated with significantly increased oleic and decreased linoleic acid content in the three varieties examined. Decreased SAD transcript accumulation at the warm temperature was positively associated with a significantly increased level of stearic acid but only in the high-stearate mutant line, A6. We conclude that environmental temperature modulates oleic and linoleic acid in developing seed through regulated FAD2-1 gene expression, but temperature modulation of stearic acid content in wildtype soybean may be more complex, involving in addition to SAD-A and -B, plastid thioesterase genes FATA and FATB. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Upchurch, RG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_upchurch@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1698 EP 1704 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0213 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400042 ER PT J AU Chappell, AS Bilyeu, KD AF Chappell, Andrew S. Bilyeu, Kristin D. TI The low linolenic acid soybean line PI361088B contains a novel GmFAD3A mutation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED OIL; INHERITANCE; MUTANT; GENES; PCR; A5 AB Characterization of genetic mutations at the molecular level allows for the development of perfect genetic markers and rapid assays to detect those markers, which enables breeders to directly select for desired alleles and accelerate the breeding process. The objectives of this study were to identify genetic lesions found in the GmFAD3A gene in the low linolenic acid soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] line PI 361088B, which contains a fan allele, and to develop rapid molecular marker assays that distinguish between the wild-type and PI 361088B alleles. The entire genomic sequence of the GmFAD3A gene was determined for PI 361088B. Two thymine nucleotides are inserted into a run of four thymines from nucleotide position 307 to 310 the GmFAD3A coding sequence, resulting in a frameshift and the introduction of a premature stop codon at nucleotide 328. Two molecular marker assays were developed that rely on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the region of interest followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis or melting curve analysis. A third assay is an allele-specific PCR-based assay that does not require any endonuclease step and requires only melting curve analysis. In conclusion, the low linolenic acid soybean line PI 361088B contains a coding mutation in GmFAD3A; this allele can easily be distinguished from the corresponding wild-type allele using any, of three rapid molecular marker assays that were developed. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1705 EP 1710 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0783 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400043 ER PT J AU Kottapalli, KR Burow, MD Burow, G Burke, J Puppala, N AF Kottapalli, Kanieswara Rao Burow, Mark D. Burow, Gloria Burke, John Puppala, Naveen TI Molecular characterization of the US peanut mini core collection using microsatellite markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; DIVERSE GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; BOTANICAL VARIETIES; RAPD MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; RESOURCES; DNA AB Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the second-most important legume crop in the United States. A limitation to increased peanut productivity is that peanut improvement is hampered by relatively low genetic variability in the germ-plasm commonly used by breeding programs. To facilitate accessibility to diverse germ-plasm sources for breeding applications, a core subset of the USDA peanut germplasm was previously established that later was further refined and developed into a mini core collection consisting of 112 accessions. This report details an extensive characterization of genetic diversity and relationships in the U.S. peanut mini core using microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Seventy-two peanut accessions, from the U.S. peanut mini core were genotyped with 73 SSR markers; all but six produced reliable, polymorphic bands. Moderate levels of genetic variation were found with genetic distances(D) values among accessions ranging from 0.088 to 0.254. Distinct groupings of the accessions based on subspecies classification and on botanical (market) type groupings were established. Twelve of the markers, mapped previously to the A genome, were found to be sufficient to identify both subspecies and botanical types and gave a clustering pattern very similar to the entire 67 SSR marker set. The genetic variation observed within U.S. peanut mini core can be utilized for selection of diverse parents for breeding and development of mapping populations. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Cent, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Exp Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Puppala, N (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Cent, 2346 SR 288, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. EM npuppala@nmsu.edu NR 46 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1718 EP 1727 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0407 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400045 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Kisha, TJ Evans, MA AF Johnson, R. C. Kisha, T. J. Evans, M. A. TI Characterizing safflower germplasm with AFLP molecular markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; COLLECTION; CULTIVARS AB Characterization of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with molecular markers is needed to enhance germplasm management and utilization. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was completed in safflower resulting in 102 unambiguous polymorphic markers. Pairwise distances were calculated for eight diverse populations of 12 plants each, and on bulked leaf tissue of 96 accessions. The 96 accessions represented seven world regions (the Americas, China, East Africa, East Europe, the Mediterranean, South Central Asia, and Southwest Asia). A bootstrap procedure was used to compare mean distances within and between populations and regions. Mean distances within populations, a measurement of population diversity, ranged from 0.005 to 0.315 and differed in 22 of 28 possible Comparisons. Regions differed in all pair-wise comparisons showing that AFLP markers distinguished safflower diversity across broad geographic groups. Correlation of the AFLP distance matrix with a phenotypic data matrix with 16 attributes consisting of oil, meal, and growth characteristics was significant (r = 0.12, P < 0.05) but explained only 1.4% of the variation. This weak correspondence between AFLP and phenotypic data showed that both should be used to fully characterize safflower diversity. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were useful for characterizing diversity in safflower and will be valuable for germplasm management and mapping safflower traits. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rcjohnson@wsu.edu NR 31 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1728 EP 1736 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0757 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400046 ER PT J AU Hang, A Obert, D Gironella, AIN Burton, CS AF Hang, An Obert, Don Gironella, Ann Inez N. Burton, Charlotte S. TI Barley amylose and beta-glucan: Their relationships to protein, agronomic traits, and environmental factors SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALLS; STARCH; ENDOSPERM; CULTIVAR; QUALITY; GRAIN; GENE AB Amylose and beta-glucan are important components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain. Factors such as seed yield, test weight, seed plumpness, protein content, field location, and seasonal variation may have an effect on beta-glucan and amylose concentrations, and therefore, require additional study. Twenty-seven barley cultivars and advanced lines with varying levels of beta-glucan (4-9%) and amylose (6-27%) were grown in 2004 and 2005 in replicated plots at three locations in Idaho to evaluate agronomic traits and genotype x environment interactions. Seed yield, test weight, percentage of plump kernels, beta-glucan percentage, amylose/amylopectin ratio, and protein percentage were measured for seed samples from all plots. Estimates of variance components showed that about 49% of the variability in P-glucan concentration and about '48% in amylose starch levels can be attributed to year, location, year x location, and their interactions with genotype. Amylose was found to be negatively correlated with protein and beta-glucan content but was positively, though weakly, correlated with seed yield and test weight; beta-glucan was positively correlated with protein and percentage plump kernels but showed a weak negative correlation with seed yield. C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Math, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Hang, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM anhang@uidaho.edu NR 31 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1754 EP 1760 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0429 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197UQ UT WOS:000248582400049 ER PT J AU Brown, DE Souza, EJ Gutteri, MJ Raboy, V Fu, JM AF Brown, David E. Souza, Edward J. Gutteri, Mary J. Raboy, Victor Fu, Jainming TI A low phytic acid barley mutaion aleters seed gene expression SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; LIGHT-INDUCIBLE PROTEINS; LOW-PHYTATE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NATURAL VARIATION; SOYBEAN LINES; PHOSPHORUS; MUTANT; ACCUMULATION AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) low phytic odd (Ipa) mutants have reduced levels of seed phytate and increased concentrations of seed inorganic phosphorus. To understand how Ipa mutations affect metabolic and developmental processes during seed growth, gene expression experiments were performed using oligonucleoticle microorrays. Differential gene expression was assayed at 7d after anthesis in developing seeds homozygous either for the Ipa mutation M955, or for its corresponding nonmutant, wild-type allele. Homozygosity for M955 blocks phytote accumulation throughout seed development, resulting in a similar to 90% reduction in mature seed phytate. Consistent and substantial differential expression was observed for 38 genes (probesets) representing various cellular processes and unknown functions. The majority of differentially expressed genes showed decreased expression with a much smaller proportion of upregulated genes. No changes in expression of genes thought to be directly involved in the synthesis of phytote were observed. Reduced expression was observed for functions important to carbohydrate and cell wall metabolism cytokinin and ethylene signaling, and transport functions. These results reflect the interconnection of phosphorus, inositol phosphate, and sugar metabolism, and signaling networks regulating these metabolic and developmental pathways. The M955 Ipa mutation appears to affect seed development and function through carbon transport and starch synthesis and may account for yield reductions previously reported for this mutation. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Pioneer Hybrid Int, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, ID 83210 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Souza, EJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM souza.6@osu.edu NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 SU S BP S149 EP S159 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.045tpg PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 203DK UT WOS:000248955100008 ER PT J AU Gore, M Bradbury, P Hogers, R Kirst, M Verstege, E van Oeveren, J Peleman, J Buckler, E van Eijk, M AF Gore, Michael Bradbury, Peter Hogers, Rene Kirst, Matias Verstege, Esther van Oeveren, Jan Peleman, Johan Buckler, Edward van Eijk, Michiel TI Evaluation of target preparation methods for single-feature polymorphism detection in large complex plant genomes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; MAIZE INBRED LINES; DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ZEA-MAYS; DNA; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES AB For those genomes low in repetitive DNA, hybridizing total genomic( DNA to high-density expression arrays offers an effective strategy for scoring single feature polymorphisms (SFPs). Of the similar to 2.5 gigabases that constitute the maize (Zea mays U genome, only 10 to 20% are genic sequences, with large amounts of repetitive DNA intermixed throughout. Therefore, a target preparation method engineered to generate a high genic-to-repetitive DNA ratio is essential for SFP detection in maize. To that end, we tested four gene enrichment and complexity reduction target preparation methods for scoring SFPs on the Affymetrix GeneChip Maize Genome Array ("Maize GeneChip"). Methylation filtration (MF), C-0/filtration (CF), mRNA-derived cRNA, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methods were applied to three diverse maize inbred lines (1373, Mo17, and CML69) with three replications per line (36 Maize GeneChips). Our results indicate that these particular target preparation methods offer only modest power to detect SFPs with the Maize GeneChip. Most notably, CF and MF are comparable in power, detecting more than MOO SFPs at a 20% false discovery rate. Although reducing sample complexity to similar to 125 megobase by AFLP improves SFP scoring accuracy over other methods, only a minimal number of SFPs are still detected. Our findings of residual repetitive DNA in labeled targets and other experimental errors call for improved gene-enrichment methods and custom array designs to more accurately array genotype large, complex crop genomes. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gore, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Inst Genom Divers, 175 Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mag87@cornell.edu NR 50 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 SU S BP S135 EP S148 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.02.0085tpg PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 203DK UT WOS:000248955100007 ER PT J AU Millar, KDL Crandall-Stotler, BJ Ferreira, JFS Wood, KV AF Millar, Katherine D. L. Crandall-Stotler, Barbara J. Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Wood, Karl V. TI Antimicrobial properties of three liverworts in axenic culture: Blasia pusilla, Pallavicinia lyellii and Radula obconica SO CRYPTOGAMIE BRYOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE biological activity; Blasia pusilla; Pallavicinia lyellii; Radula obconica; bibenzyls; secondary metabolism ID BIOACTIVITY-DIRECTED ISOLATION; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; OIL-BODIES; NEW-ZEALAND; BRYOPHYTES; HEPATICAE; EXTRACTS; CHEMOSYSTEMATICS; MARCHANTIOPHYTA; LOCALIZATION AB Many liverworts have been reported to deter the growth of pathogenic agents such as fungi and bacteria. It has been generally assumed that the chemicals liverworts produce in their oil bodies are responsible for this activity. However, most of these studies have used plants from nature, and only a few of them have isolated and identified the specific compounds that are biologically active. This study aims to expand existing knowledge of biological activity of liverworts as follows: 1) testing whether plants raised in axenic culture display antimicrobial activity, 2) determining if antimicrobial activity can occur in taxa that lack oil bodies, and 3) isolating and structurally characterizin the compounds responsible for any activity observed. To this end, extracts from axenic cultures of Blasia pusilla L., Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. and Radula obconica Sull. were tested for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger. Blasia retarded fungal sporulation, but displayed no inhibition of bacterial growth and Pallavicinia displayed only slight bacteriostatic activity against B. subtilis. Radula displayed the most pronounced antibacterial activity, especially against B. subtilis. These findings suggest that antimicrobial activity is more pronounced in taxa with oil bodies and confirm that bioactive compounds are still synthesized in axenic culture. The most active compounds in the fractions extracted from Radula are bibenzyls, compounds that are widespread in liverworts but of only sporadic occurrence in other plants. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USDA ARS, AFSRC, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Purdue Univ, Campus Wide Mass Spectrometry Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Crandall-Stotler, BJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM kmillar@siu.edu; crandall@plant.siu.edu; Jorge.Ferreira@ars.usda.gov; kvw@purdue.edu NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0796 J9 CRYPTOGAMIE BRYOL JI Cryptogam. Bryol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 197 EP 210 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 195LV UT WOS:000248414600002 ER PT J AU Skory, CD Ibrahim, AS AF Skory, Christopher D. Ibrahim, Ashraf S. TI Native and modified lactate dehydrogenase expression in a fumaric acid producing isolate Rhizopus oryzae 99-880 SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE rhizopus oryzae; rhizopus arrhizus; lactic; fumaric; lactate dehydrogenase; orotate phosphoribosyltransferase; transformation ID OROTATE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; LACTIC-ACID; L(+)-LACTIC ACID; REDOX BALANCES; AMPHOTERICIN-B; FLUX ANALYSIS; TRANSFORMATION; METABOLISM; SEQUENCE; STRAIN AB Rhizopus oryzae is subdivided into two groups based on genetic and phenotypic differences. Type-I isolates accumulate primarily lactic acid when grown in the presence of a fermentable carbon source and contain two lactate dehydrogenase genes, ldhA and ldhB. Type-II isolates synthesize predominantly fumaric acid and only have an ldhB gene. In this study, we determined that ldhB transcript is only minimally expressed in the Type-II isolate R. oryzae 99-880. LdhB enzyme purified from gene clones isolated from the Type-I isolate R. oryzae NRRL 395 and the Type-II isolate R. oryzae 99-880 each showed reductive LDH activity (pyruvate to lactate), while no oxidative LDH activity (lactate to pyruvate) was detected in either preparation. A transformation system was then developed for the first time with R. oryzae 99-880, using a uracil auxotrophic isolate that could be complemented with an orotate phosphoribosyltransferase gene, pyrF, isolated in this study. Transformation of this Type-II isolate with the ldhA gene from R. oryzae NRRL 395 resulted in reductive LDH activity between 1.0 and 1.8 U/mg total protein. Additionally, transformed isolates grown with glucose accumulated up to 27 g lactic acid/l with a concurrent decrease in fumaric acid, ethanol, and glycerol compared with the untransformed and vector-transformed control strains. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatal Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles Cty Harbor Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. RP Skory, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatal Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Chris.Skory@ars.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI063503-01A2, R21 AI064716-01A2] NR 48 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s00294-007-0135-0 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 188OQ UT WOS:000247929600003 PM 17551728 ER PT J AU Cassar-Malek, I Picard, B Kahl, S Hocquette, JF AF Cassar-Malek, I. Picard, B. Kahl, S. Hocquette, J. F. TI Relationships between thyroid status, tissue oxidative metabolism, and muscle differentiation in bovine fetuses SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine fetus; thyroid hormone; oxidative enzymes; muscle differentiation; principal component analysis ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; MITOCHONDRIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; HORMONE RECEPTOR ISOFORMS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; RAT-LIVER; GROWTH; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; HYPOTHYROIDISM; THYROXINE AB The temporal relationships between thyroid status and differentiation of liver, heart and different skeletal muscles were examined in 42 bovine fetuses from day 110 to day 260 of development using principal component analysis of the data. Plasma concentrations of reverse-triiodothyronine (rT(3)) and thyroxine (T-4) increased during development from day 110 to day 210 or 260, respectively, whereas concentration of triiodothyronine (T-3) and hepatic type-15'-deiodinase activity (5'D1) increased from day 180 onwards. On day 260, high T-4 and rT(3) and low T-3 concentrations were observed together with a mature 5'D1 activity. Cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) activity expressed per mg protein increased at day 180 in masseter and near birth in masseter, rectus abdominis and cutaneus trunci muscles (P < 0.05). Significant changes in citrate synthase (CS) activity per mg protein were observed between day 110 and day 180 in the liver and between day 210 and day 260 in the liver, the heart and the longissimus thoracis muscle (P < 0.05). Muscle contractile differentiation was shown by the disappearance of the fetal myosin heavy chain from day 180 onwards. A positive correlation (r > 0.47, P < 0.01) was shown between thyroid status parameters (5'D1, concentrations of T-4 and T-3) and COX activity in muscles known to be oxidative after birth (masseter, rectus abdominis) but not in liver and heart, nor in muscles known to be glycolytic after birth (cutaneus trunci, longissimus thoracis). A similar correlation was found between thyroid parameters and CS activity in liver and masseter. Results indicate that elevation of plasma T-3 concentrations in the last gestational trimester could be involved in the differentiation of oxidative skeletal muscles. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 INRA, Ctr Clermont Ferrand, Unite Rech Herbivores, Equipe Croissance & Metab Muscle, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. USDA ARS, ANRI, GBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cassar-Malek, I (reprint author), INRA, Ctr Clermont Ferrand, Unite Rech Herbivores, Equipe Croissance & Metab Muscle, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. EM cassar@clermont.inra.fr OI HOCQUETTE, Jean-Francois/0000-0003-2409-3881 NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 91 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.04.011 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 180JJ UT WOS:000247358800007 PM 16797912 ER PT J AU Morris, AEL Goebel, PC Palik, BJ AF Morris, Arthur E. L. Goebel, P. Charles Palik, Brian J. TI Geomorphic and riparian forest influences on characteristics of large wood and large-wood jams in old-growth and second-growth forests in Northern Michigan, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY AUG, 2006 CL Univ Stirling, Stirling, SCOTLAND HO Univ Stirling DE Lake States; hierarchy theory; large wood; redundancy analysis; regression trees ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PUGET LOWLAND; DEBRIS; STREAMS; WASHINGTON; RIVER; COMMUNITIES; MOUNTAINS; OREGON AB Large wood (LW; pieces with diameter greater than 10 cm and length greater than 1 m) and large-wood jams (LWJs; two or more pieces of LW in contact with each other) are important components of stream ecosystems that are often distributed along stream channels in response to geomorphic and riparian forest factors that interact hierarchically. As a result, information on these relationships is valuable for predicting patterns of wood accumulation and characteristics of individual pieces of wood. We studied relationships between geomorphic and riparian factors and LW and LWJ structure in different geomorphic settings associated with old-growth and second-growth settings in Upper Michigan. We used redundancy analysis (RDA) and regression tree analysis to evaluate changes in LW and LWJ structural characteristics among geomorphic and riparian forest settings. Geomorphic factors explained 38.5% of the variability in LW and LWJ characteristics, riparian forest factors uniquely explained 18.4% of the variance and the intersection of the two categories of environmental factors (i.e. the redundant portion) was 29.8%. At the landscape scale, our multivariate analyses suggest that the presence of rock-plane bedding was an important predictor of the number of LWJs and the percent of channel spanned by LWJs. Our analyses suggest differences in relationships between geomorphic factors and LW and LWJ structure. Channel width, distance from headwaters, gradient and sinuosity were identified by regression tree analyses as the most important variables for predicting LW characteristics, while channel width and confinement were the most important variables for predicting LWJ characteristics. Old-growth settings generally contained a higher proportion of conifer and LW (both in and out of LWJs) with greater diameter and volume than in second-growth settings. Our study supports the view that restoration of wood to streams will benefit from considering the associations of wood structure with landscape and reach-scale geomorphology. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. RP Morris, AEL (reprint author), 1556 S 1600 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. EM Morris.591@osu.edu RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1131 EP 1153 DI 10.1002/esp.1551 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 195CL UT WOS:000248390000002 ER PT J AU Kashian, DM Romme, WH Regan, CM AF Kashian, Daniel M. Romme, William H. Regan, Claudia M. TI Reconciling divergent interpretations of quaking aspen decline on the northern Colorado Front Range SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aspen decline; aspen dynamics; Colorado Front Range; Populus tremuloides; quaking aspen; Rocky Mountains ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX.; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; FIRE; ELK; USA; REGENERATION; PERSISTENCE AB Ecologists have debated over the past 65 years whether quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has or has not declined in abundance, vigor, or regeneration in western North America. Many studies have provided divergent interpretations of the condition of aspen forests, leading to difficulty in translating this ecological information into management recommendations. To reconcile these contrasting conclusions and to test the hypothesis that multiple types of aspen decline and persistence occur simultaneously on heterogeneous landscapes, we assessed 91 aspen stands across the northern Colorado Front Range to determine the range of ecological conditions that underlie aspen decline or persistence. Approximately 15% of aspen forest area in our sample exhibited dieback of mature stems coupled with a lack of young trees indicative of declining stands, most often at lower elevations where elk browsing is heavy and chronic, and where effects of fire exclusion have been most significant. However, 52% of the area sampled had multiple cohorts indicative of self-replacing or persistent stands. Conifer dominance was increasing in over 33% of all aspen forest area sampled, most often at high elevations among lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Englem. ex Wats.) forests. Reconstructions of relative basal area and density of aspen and lodgepole pine in these stands suggest cyclical dominance of these species, where conifers gradually replace aspen over long fire intervals, and aspen vigorously re-establish following stand-replacing fires. The diversity of ecological contexts across the northern Colorado Front Range creates a variety of aspen dynamics leading to decline or persistence, and no single trend describes the general condition of aspen forests in appropriate detail for managers. Active management may be useful in preserving individual stands at fine scales, but management prescriptions should reflect specific drivers of decline in these stands. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kashian, DM (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM dkash@wayne.edu RI Romme, William/C-7317-2016 NR 76 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1296 EP 1311 DI 10.1890/06-1431.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193HS UT WOS:000248265700004 PM 17708209 ER PT J AU Syphard, AD Radeloff, VC Keeley, JE Hawbaker, TJ Clayton, MK Stewart, SI Hammer, RB AF Syphard, Alexandra D. Radeloff, Volker C. Keeley, Jon E. Hawbaker, Todd J. Clayton, Murray K. Stewart, Susan I. Hammer, Roger B. TI Human influence on California fire regimes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California; USA; fire; fire history; housing density; nonlinear effects; regression; wildland-urban interface ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RISK; LANDSCAPE; USA; ECOSYSTEMS; STRATEGIES AB Periodic wildfire maintains the integrity and species composition of many ecosystems, including the mediterranean-climate shrublands of California. However, human activities alter natural fire regimes, which can lead to cascading ecological effects. Increased human ignitions at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) have recently gained attention, but fire activity and risk are typically estimated using only biophysical variables. Our goal was to determine how humans influence fire in California and to examine whether this influence was linear, by relating contemporary (2000) and historic (1960-2000) fire data to both human and biophysical variables. Data for the human variables included fine-resolution maps of the WUI produced using housing density and land cover data. Interface WUI, where development abuts wildland vegetation, was differentiated from intermix WUI, where development intermingles with wildland vegetation. Additional explanatory variables included distance to WUI, population density, road density, vegetation type, and ecoregion. All data were summarized at the county level and analyzed using bivariate and multiple regression methods. We found highly significant relationships between humans and fire on the contemporary landscape, and our models explained fire frequency (R-2 = 0.72) better than area burned (R-2 = 0.50). Population density, intermix WUI, and distance to WUI explained the most variability in fire frequency, suggesting that the spatial pattern of development may be an important variable to consider when estimating fire risk. We found nonlinear effects such that fire frequency and area burned were highest at intermediate levels of human activity, but declined beyond certain thresholds. Human activities also explained change in fire frequency and area burned (1960 2000), but our models had greater explanatory power during the years 1960-980, when there was more dramatic change in fire frequency. Understanding wildfire as a function of the spatial arrangement of ignitions and fuels on the landscape, in addition to nonlinear relationships, will be important to fire managers and conservation planners because fire risk may be related to specific levels of housing density that can be accounted for in land use planning. With more fires occurring in close proximity to human infrastructure, there may also be devastating ecological impacts if development continues to grow farther into wildland vegetation. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol & Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM asyphard@yahoo.com RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 65 TC 224 Z9 231 U1 10 U2 90 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1402 DI 10.1890/06-1128.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193HS UT WOS:000248265700011 PM 17708216 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE Simonds, G AF Booth, D. Terrance Cox, Samuel E. Simonds, Gregg TI Riparian monitoring using 2-cm GSD aerial photography SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE aerial imagery; measurement; measurement software; resolution; Riparian measurements; stream width; ImageMeasurement; merge; LaserLOG ID VEGETATION; RESTORATION; PERSPECTIVE; IMPACTS; STREAMS; FORESTS; CATTLE; RIVER AB Riparian monitoring is a key aspect of sustainable resource management and is mandated by US federal law for federal land management agencies. However, it is an endeavor hampered by rising manpower costs and time-consuming travel and methods. These limitations tend to reduce sampling intensity per reach of stream and limit monitoring to the larger waterways of management units-limitations that reduce the accuracy of inferences derived from resulting data with consequential reductions in the effectiveness of landscape-level resource management. We tested the utility of low-altitude, high-resolution, intermittent aerial digital imagery for relatively inexpensive, high-intensity sampling in a watershed inhabited by the Lahonton Cutthroat trout, a species listed as threatened under provisions of the US Endangered Species Act. Measurements gleaned from the aerial imagery included late-summer open water width, number and location of late-summer dry channels, widths of riparian areas and willow coverage. All measurements were georeferenced to allow spatial data display. Riparian proper functioning condition (PFC) was assessed from the imagery by a USDI, Bureau of Land Management team. These assessments were compared to similar on-the-ground assessments made during the preceding year. PFC assessments from aerial photography were made using an average 4 staff hours per stream compared to an estimated 36 staff hours per stream for ground PFC assessments. The two assessment methods yielded roughly comparable results. We conclude that riparian-condition assessments from 2-cm GSD digital aerial imagery allowed increased sample intensity (and thus increased inference accuracy) and that it did so in our study at a cost less than half that of conventional ground-based methods. We recommend the acquisition and analysis of 2-cm GSD digital aerial imagery be further trialed for its utility and cost efficiency in ecological monitoring of riparian systems. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Open Range Consulting, Park City, UT 84098 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Terry.Booth@ars.usda.gov; Samuel.Cox@ars.usda.gov; greggsimonds@mwutah.com NR 40 TC 10 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 636 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.07.005 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164DS UT WOS:000246213900010 ER PT J AU La Sorte, FA Thompson, FR AF La Sorte, Frank A. Thompson, Frank R., III TI Poleward shifts in winter ranges of North American birds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Christmas Bird Count; common species; distribution of avifauna; geographical range; global climate change; North America; temporal turnover; winter range ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; GLOBAL CHANGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSEQUENCES; ABUNDANCE; TURNOVER; IMPACTS; MARGINS; SIZE AB Climate change is thought to promote the poleward movement of geographic ranges; however, the spatial dynamics, mechanisms, and regional anthropogenic drivers associated with these trends have not been fully explored. We estimated changes in latitude of northern range boundaries, center of occurrence, and center of abundance for 254 species of winter avifauna in North America from 1975 to 2004. After accounting for the effect of range size and the location of the northern boundary, positive latitudinal trends were evident for the northern boundary (1.48 km/yr), center of occurrence (0.45 km/yr), and center of abundance (1.03 km/yr). The northern boundary, when examined across individual species, had the most variable trends (SD = 7.46 km/yr) relative to the center of occurrence (SD = 2.36 km/yr) and center of abundance (SD = 5.57 km/yr). Trends did not differ based on migratory status, but there was evidence that trends differed for species with ranges centered in the southern vs. northern portion of the study area. Species occurred more sporadically over time at northern range boundaries, and northern boundaries were associated with a concentration of colonization and extirpation events, with a greater prevalence of colonization events likely promoting poleward trends. Regional anthropogenic drivers explained similar to 8% of the trend for the northern boundary, 14% for the center of occurrence, and 18% for the center of abundance: however, these effects were localized in the northern portion of species' ranges and were associated with distributional changes within ranges, primarily abundance, producing patterns that mimicked poleward movements. We conclude that poleward distributional shifts represent the interaction between climate change and regional factors whose outcome is determined by the scale of the analysis and the biotic and abiotic features in the region, and how anthropogenic activities have impacted these features. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP La Sorte, FA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM lasortef@missouri.edu RI La Sorte, Frank/A-2849-2009 NR 48 TC 124 Z9 131 U1 5 U2 80 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1803 EP 1812 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185SN UT WOS:000247730800020 PM 17645026 ER PT J AU Valdez Barillas, JR Paschke, MW Ralphs, MH Child, RD AF Valdez Barillas, Jose R. Paschke, Mark W. Ralphs, Michael H. Child, R. Dennis TI White locoweed toxicity is facilitated by a fungal endophyte and nitrogen-fixing bacteria SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical ecology; Embellisia; indolizidine alkaloid; microbial ecology; Oxytropis sericea; plant-microbe interactions; Rhizobium; swainsonine; symbiosis ID INDOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; OXYTROPIS-LAMBERTII; SWAINSONINE; FIXATION; ASTRAGALUS; POPULATIONS; RHIZOBIA; BIOSYNTHESIS; NODULATION; SYMBIONTS AB Mutualistic interactions with fungal endophytes and dinitrogen-fixing bacteria are known to exert key biological influences on the host plant. The influence of a fungal endophyte alkaloid on the toxicity of a plant has been documented in Oxytropis sericea. Oxytropis sericea is a perennial legume responsible for livestock poisoning in western North America. Livestock poisoning is attributed to the alkaloid swainsonine, which is synthesized inside the plant by the fungal endophyte Embellisia sp. In this study, the ability of Oxytropis sericea to form a dinitrogen-fixing symbiosis with Rhizobium and the effects of this symbiosis on the production of swainsonine by Embellisia sp. were evaluated in a greenhouse environment. Seeds of O. sericea were grown in plastic containers. Twenty-week-old O. sericea seedlings were inoculated with four strains of Rhizobium. Twenty weeks after inoculation, plant growth and root nodulation by Rhizobium were measured. Dinitrogen fixation was confirmed using an acetylene reduction assay (ARA) on excised root nodules. Dry leaves were analyzed for swainsonine content. A second set of plants was treated with fungicide to evaluate the effect of reduced fungal endophyte infection on plant growth and swainsonine production. All inoculated plants produced indeterminate nodules. The ARA indicated that 98% of the excised nodules were fixing dinitrogen. Rhizobium-treated plants had greater swainsonine concentrations than the non-inoculated controls. Plants that established from seeds treated with fungicide had lower biomass than non-fungicide-treated controls and plants treated with foliar fungicide. Plants treated with foliar fungicide and the controls had greater swainsonine concentrations than the plants that received seed fungicide. This greenhouse study is the first report of nodulation and dinitrogen fixation in O. sericea. It also demonstrates that dinitrogen fixation increases the production of swainsonine in O. sericea plants infected with Embellisia sp. Results from this study suggest that dinitrogen fixation affects swainsonine production and has the potential to support the symbiosis between Embellisia sp. and O. sericea when soil nitrogen is limited. Oxytropis sericea competitiveness appears to be facilitated by an ability to simultaneously associate with Rhizohium and a fungal symbiont. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Child, RD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dennisc@warnercnr.colostate.edu RI Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1850 EP 1856 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185SN UT WOS:000247730800025 PM 17645031 ER PT J AU Glasmeier, AK Farrigan, TL AF Glasmeier, Amy K. Farrigan, Tracey L. TI Landscapes of inequality: Spatial segregation, economic isolation, and contingent residential locations SO ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID US METROPOLITAN-AREAS; UNITED-STATES; POVERTY; BLACK; MIGRATION; PATTERNS; NEIGHBORHOODS; AFFLUENCE; AMERICA; 1980S C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Farm & Rural Household Well Being Branch, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Glasmeier, AK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, 308 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM akg1@ems.psu.edu; tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY PI WORCESTER PA CLARK UNIV, WORCESTER, MA 01610 USA SN 0013-0095 J9 ECON GEOGR JI Econ. Geogr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 83 IS 3 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA 210GZ UT WOS:000249446000001 ER PT J AU Rousu, M Huffman, WE Shogren, JF Tegene, A AF Rousu, Matthew Huffman, Wallace E. Shogren, Jason F. Tegene, Abebayehu TI Effects and value of verifiable information in a controversial market: Evidence from lab auctions of genetically modified food SO ECONOMIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY; ECONOMICS; RISK AB Food products containing genetically modified (GM) ingredients have entered the market over the past decade. The biotech industry and environmental groups have disseminated conflicting private information about GM foods. This paper develops a unique methodology for valuing independent third-party information in such a setting and applies this method to consumers' willingness to pay for food products that might be GM. Data are collected from real consumers in an auction market setting with randomized information and labeling treatments. The average value of third-party information per lab participant is small, but the public good value across U.S. consumers is shown to be quite large. C1 Susquehanna Univ, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Food Econ Div, ERS, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Rousu, M (reprint author), Susquehanna Univ, 514 Univ Ave, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA. EM rousu@susqu.edu; whuffman@iastate.edu; Jramses@uwyo.edu; ategene@ers.usda.gov RI Shogren, Jason/B-9771-2017 OI Shogren, Jason/0000-0003-3757-959X NR 36 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0095-2583 J9 ECON INQ JI Econ. Inq. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 409 EP 432 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00017.x PG 24 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 183JJ UT WOS:000247568800001 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Perez, JM Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Perez, Joseph M. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Soybean oil-based lubricants: A search for synergistic antioxidants SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; DIPHENYLAMINE; MECHANISMS AB Vegetable oils can contribute toward the goal of energy independence and security due to their naturally renewable resource. They are promising candidates as base fluids for ecofriendly lubricants because of their excellent lubricity, biodegradability, good viscosity-temperature characteristics, and low evaporation loss. Their use, however, is restricted due to low thermo-oxidative stability and poor cold-flow behavior. This paper presents a systematic approach to improve their oxidation behavior by searching for a suitable additive combination. The study of antioxidant/antiwear additive synergism was investigated on a set of four antioxidants and three antiwear additives in vegetable oils using pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) and a rotary bomb oxidation test (RBOT). The results indicate that dialkyldithiocarbamate antioxidant performed better than diphenylamine and hindered phenol. The zinc dialkyldithiocarbamate antioxidant showed excellent synergism with antiwear additive antimony dithiocarbamates. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Sevim.Erhan@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 2408 EP 2414 DI 10.1021/ef0605854 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 190UC UT WOS:000248085100074 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Armstrong, JS AF Showler, Allan T. Armstrong, John S. TI Kaolin particle film associated with increased cotton aphid infestations in cotton SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Aphis gossypii; color; Gossypium hirsutum; parasites; temperature; Homoptera; Aphididae ID GOSSYPII GLOVER HOMOPTERA; CITRICOLA VANDERGOOT; LEPIDOPTERA; PLANTS; APPLE; CURCULIONIDAE; OVIPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; SUPPRESSION; TORTRICIDAE AB Highly reflective white kaolin-based particle film was sprayed on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), plots in south Texas during 2004 and 2005 to observe its effect on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Populations of cotton aphids on the ventral surfaces of leaves in the kaolin-treated plots were greater than in non-treated control plots during both years. Alate cotton aphids were attracted less to white than to other pan trap colors, and parasitism by Lysiphlebus spec. (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) was either unaffected or greater in the kaolin-treated plots, hence these two factors (color and parasitism) do not explain the increased infestations in the treated plots. However, mean temperatures on the ventral surfaces of kaolin-treated cotton leaves were cooler than those of control leaves. The observed temperature difference where cotton aphids reside on cotton leaves is a potential reason for the greater infestations in the kaolin treatment plots. Our study demonstrates that applications of kaolin can exacerbate a pest infestation in cotton. C1 USDA ARS, IFNRRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, BIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, IFNRRU, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00548.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 179VX UT WOS:000247319300006 ER PT J AU Toepfer, S Ellsbury, MM Eschen, R Kuhlmann, U AF Toepfer, Stefan Ellsbury, Michael M. Eschen, Rene Kuhlmann, Ulrich TI Spatial clustering of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Agriotes ustulatus in small-scale maize fields without topographic relief drift SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE western corn rootworm; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; western click beetle; Elateridae; soil; vegetation; variograms ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; CHRYSOMELIDAE ADULTS; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; IOWA CORNFIELDS; PLANT-DENSITY; HOST RANGE; SOIL; DISPERSION; SURVIVAL; OVIPOSITION AB The soil-living larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Agriotes ustulatus Schaller (Coleoptera: Elateridae) can cause economic damage to maize roots, Zea mays L. (Poaceae). This study investigated the spatial clustering of both pests in four small-scale maize fields in southern Hungary, where clustering had been observed but not expected due to the lack of topographic relief drifts and soil structuring. Between 2000 and 2002, numbers of D. v. virgifera larvae and adults and of A. ustulatus larvae were determined at four randomly chosen georeferenced maize plants in each of 24 plots per field. Soil moisture, soil bulk density, and vegetational characteristics were assessed. Moran's I test for spatial autocorrelations, semivariogram analyses, and interpolated mapping revealed that D. v. virgifera larvae and adults were spatially clustered in 67 and 50% of cases, respectively. Larvae of A. ustulatus were clustered in 75% of cases. Diabrotica virgifera virgifera larval distributions were mainly determined by increasing weed density (negative correlation), in particular with high densities of Cirsium arvense (L.) (Asteraceae), as well as by increasing soil moisture (negative correlation). Adult distributions of D. v. virgifera were mainly determined by the density distribution of flowering maize. They were moreover correlated with larval distribution and with the adult distribution of the previous year. The density distributions of male adults differed from those of females. Female density was additionally correlated with higher soil moisture and Poaceae density, e.g., with Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. No relation was found between the larvae of A. ustulatus and D. v. virgifera. Agriotes ustulatus larval distributions were mainly determined by vegetational cover (correlation with less cover). Conclusively, male and female D. v. virgifera adults, larvae of D. v. virgifera, and larvae of A. ustulatus will display different spatial clustering even within ostensibly homogeneous habitats of flat small-scale maize fields. C1 CABI Europe Switzerland, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Kuhlmann, U (reprint author), CABI Europe Switzerland, Rue Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. EM u.kuhlmann@cabi.org NR 75 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00549.x PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 179VX UT WOS:000247319300007 ER PT J AU Nippert, JB Fay, PA Knapp, AK AF Nippert, Jesse B. Fay, Philip A. Knapp, Alan K. TI Photosynthetic traits in C-3 and C-4 grassland species in mesocosm and field environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE A : C-i curves; chlorophyll fluorescence; C-3; C-4; gas exchange; Konza; tallgrass prairie ID TRANSIENT MAXIMA HYPOTHESIS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GAS-EXCHANGE; TOPOGRAPHIC POSITION; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; GREAT-PLAINS; NITROGEN AB The North American tallgrass prairie is composed of a diverse Mix of C-3 and C-4 plant species that are subject to multiple resource limitations. C-4 grasses dominate this ecosystem, purportedly due to greater photosynthetic capacity and resource-use efficiency associated with C-4 photosynthesis. We tested the hypothesis that intrinsic physiological differences between C-3 and C-4 species are consistent with C-4 grass dominance by comparing leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence variables for seven C-4 and C-3 herbaceous species (legumes and non-legumes) in two different settings: experimental mesocosms and natural grassland sites. In the mesocosms, C-4 grasses had higher photosynthetic rates, water potentials and water-use efficiency than the C-3 species. These differences were absent in the field, where photosynthetic rates declined similarly among non-leguminous species. Thus, intrinsic photosynthetic advantages for C-4 species measured in resource-rich mesocosms could not explain the dominance of C-4 species in the field. Instead, C-4 dominance in this ecosystem may depend more on the ability of the grasses to grow rapidly when resources are plentiful and to tolerate multiple limitations when resources are scarce. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Nippert, JB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 2041 Haworth Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM gostate@ku.edu RI Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.12.012 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194TC UT WOS:000248365700016 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Knight, Scott S. Cooper, Charles M. TI Can warmwater streams be rehabilitated using watershed-scale standard erosion control measures alone? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE river restoration; fish; monitoring; restoration assessment; ecosystem rehabilitation; instream structures; channel incision ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; COASTAL-PLAIN STREAMS; SAND-BED STREAM; LAND-USE; RIVER RESTORATION; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; HABITAT RESTORATION; INSTREAM HABITAT; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH COMMUNITIES AB Degradation of warmwater streams in agricultural landscapes is a pervasive problem, and reports of restoration effectiveness based on monitoring data are rare. Described is the outcome of rehabilitation of two deeply incised, unstable sand-and-gravel-bed streams. Channel networks of both watersheds were treated using standard erosion control measures, and aquatic habitats within 1-km-long reaches of each stream were further treated by addition of instream structures and planting woody vegetation on banks ("habitat rehabilitation"). Fish and their habitats were sampled semiannually during 1-2 years before rehabilitation, 3-4 years after rehabilitation, and 10-11 years after rehabilitation. Reaches with only erosion control measures located upstream from the habitat measure reaches and in similar streams in adjacent watersheds were sampled concurrently. Sediment concentrations declined steeply throughout both watersheds, with means >= 40% lower during the post-rehabilitation period than before. Physical effects of habitat rehabilitation were persistent through time, with pool habitat availability much higher in rehabilitated reaches than elsewhere. Fish community structure responded with major shifts in relative species abundance: as pool habitats increased after rehabilitation, small-bodied generalists and opportunists declined as certain piscivores and larger-bodied species such as centrarchids and catostomids increased. Reaches without habitat rehabilitation were significantly shallower, and fish populations there were similar to the rehabilitated reaches prior to treatment. These findings are applicable to incised, warmwater streams draining agricultural watersheds similar to those we studied. Rehabilitation of warmwater stream ecosystems is possible with current knowledge, but a major shift in stream corridor management strategies will be needed to reverse ongoing degradation trends. Apparently, conventional channel erosion controls without instream habitat measures are ineffective tools for ecosystem restoration in incised, warmwater streams of the Southeastern U.S., even if applied at the watershed scale and accompanied by significant reductions in suspended sediment concentration. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dshields@ars.usda.gov NR 95 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 62 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0191-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180CR UT WOS:000247338100007 PM 17464528 ER PT J AU Scupham, AJ AF Scupham, Alexandra J. TI Examination of the microbial ecology of the avian intestine in vivo using bromodeoxyuridine SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA ANALYSIS; BROILER-CHICKENS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; CLOSTRIDIUM-ORBISCINDENS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ACTIVE BACTERIA; HOST; DNA; MICROFLORA AB Bromodeoxyuridine, a thymidine analogue that can be incorporated into the DNA of actively dividing cells, has been used in vivo to identify intestinal bacteria that are metabolically active in 3-week-old turkey poults during an acute period of feed withdrawal. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis was used to identify amplicons unique to animals subjected to feed withdrawal. One amplicon was unique to fasted birds while two amplicons were present in 60% of fasted birds and absent in all fed birds. Sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal genes indicated the caecal communities of all birds were dominated by Clostridiaceae while also harbouring low levels of metabolically active gamma-proteobacteria and Bacteroides. Twenty per cent of clones from the fasted animals were identified as belonging to the genus Papillibacter, suggesting these microbes may be specifically dividing in response to environmental conditions present in the caeca of fasted birds. C1 USDA ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Scupham, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ascupham@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1801 EP 1809 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01300.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 176ZU UT WOS:000247124200017 PM 17564613 ER PT J AU Van Pelt, RS Zobeck, TM AF Van Pelt, R. Scott Zobeck, Ted M. TI Chemical constituents of fugitive dust SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE dust chemistry; fugitive dust; nutrient transport; PM10; trace element transport ID WIND EROSION; ATTIC DUST; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; WINDBLOWN SEDIMENT; TRACE-ELEMENTS; TRANSPORT; SOIL; DEPOSITION; FIELD; LAKE AB Wind erosion selectively winnows the fine, most chemically concentrated portions of surface soils and results in the inter-regional transport of fugitive dust containing plant nutrients, trace elements and other soil-borne contaminants. We sampled and analyzed surface soils, sediments in transport over eroding fields, and attic dust from a small area of the Southern High Plains of Texas to characterize the physical nature and chemical constituents of these materials and to investigate techniques that would allow relatively rapid, low cost techniques for estimating the chemical constituents of fugitive dust from an eroding field. From chemical analyses of actively eroding sediments, it would appear that Ca is the only chemical species that is enriched more than others during the process of fugitive dust production. We found surface soil sieved to produce a sub-sample with particle diameters in the range of 53-74 mu m to be a reasonably good surrogate for fugitive dust very near the source field, that sieved sub-samples with particle diameters < 10 mu m have a crustal enrichment factor of approximately 6, and that this factor, multiplied by the chemical contents of source soils, may be a reasonable estimator of fugitive PM10 chemistry from the soils of interest. We also found that dust from tractor air cleaners provided a good surrogate for dust entrained by tillage and harvesting operations if the chemical species resulting from engine wear and exhaust were removed from the data set or scaled back to the average of enrichment factors noted for chemical species with no known anthropogenic sources. Chemical analyses of dust samples collected from attics approximately 4 km from the nearest source fields indicated that anthropogenic sources of several environmentally important nutrient and trace element species are much larger contributors, by up to nearly two orders of magnitude, to atmospheric loading and subsequent deposition than fugitive dust from eroding soils. C1 USDA, ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. USDA, ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Van Pelt, RS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, 302 W I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM svanpelt@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9446-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171JR UT WOS:000246732600002 PM 17285256 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Johnson, HB AF Everitt, J. H. Yang, C. Johnson, H. B. TI Canopy spectra and remote sensing of Ashe juniper and associated vegetation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; light reflectance; color-infrared photography; quickbird false color satellite imagery; unsupervised image analysis; accuracy assessment; Juniperus ashei ID IMAGERY; PLANT; CLASSIFICATIONS; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT AB A study was conducted in central Texas to determine the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchholz) infestations on rangelands. Plant canopy reflectance measurements showed that Ashe juniper had lower near-infrared reflectance than other associated woody plant species and lower visible reflectance than mixed herbaceous species in spring and summer. Ashe juniper could be distinguished on color-infrared aerial photographs acquired in March, April, June, and August and on QuickBird false color satellite imagery obtained in June, where it had a distinct dark reddish-brown tonal response. Unsupervised classification techniques were used to classify aerial photographic and satellite imagery of study sites. An accuracy assessment performed on a computer classified map of a photographic image showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies of 100% and 92.9%, respectively, whereas an accuracy assessment performed on a classified map of a satellite image of the same site showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies of 94.1% and 88.1%, respectively. Accuracy assessments performed on classified maps of satellite images of two additional study sites showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies that ranged from 87.1% to 96.4%. These results indicate that both color-infrared photography and false color satellite imagery can be used successfully for distinguishing Ashe juniper infestations. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 78502 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-3 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9407-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171JR UT WOS:000246732600036 PM 17072550 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Butchko, RAE Busman, M Proctor, RH AF Brown, Daren W. Butchko, Robert A. E. Busman, Mark Proctor, Robert H. TI The Fusarium verticillioides FUM gene cluster encodes a Zn(II)2Cys6 protein that affects FUM gene expression and fumonisin production SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA DECAY; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; TRICHOTHECENE DIVERSITY; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SECONDARY METABOLISM; REGULATORY GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SEQUENCE; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; TRANSFORMATION AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by some Fusarium species and can contaminate maize or maize products. Ingestion of fumonisins is associated with diseases, including cancer and neural tube defects, in humans and animals. In fungi, genes involved in the synthesis of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites are often located adjacent to each other in gene clusters. Such genes can encode structural enzymes, regulatory proteins, and/or proteins that provide self-protection. The fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster includes 16 genes, none of which appear to play a role in regulation. In this study, we identified a previously undescribed gene (FUM21) located adjacent to the fumonisin polyketide synthase gene, FUM1. The presence of a Zn(II)2Cys6 DNA-binding domain in the predicted protein suggested that FUM21 was involved in transcriptional regulation. FUM21 deletion (Delta fum21) mutants produce little to no fumonisin in cracked maize cultures but some FUM1 and FUM8 transcripts in a liquid GYAM medium. Complementation of a Delta fum21 mutant with a wild-type copy of the gene restored fumonisin production. Analysis of FUM21 cDNAs identified four alternative splice forms (ASFs), and microarray analysis indicated the ASFs were differentially expressed. Based on these data, we present a model for how FUM21 ASFs may regulate fumonisin biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Grp, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM daren.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD JUL PY 2007 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1210 EP 1218 DI 10.1128/EC.00400-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 191LQ UT WOS:000248133100014 PM 17483290 ER PT J AU Turley, RB Vaughn, KC Scheffler, JA AF Turley, Rickie B. Vaughn, Kevin C. Scheffler, Jodi A. TI Lint development and properties of fifteen fuzzless seed lines of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE AFIS; fiber; fuzzless seed; Gossypium hirsutum; initiation; naked seed AB Fifteen fuzzless seed lines in "obsolete" backgrounds of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were obtained from the National Cotton Germplasm Collection and evaluated for fuzzless seed genotype, lint percent, and lint quality. Fourteen of these fifteen lines were found to be homozygous for the dominant fuzzless seed allele N-1. Only one line was homozygous for the recessive fuzzless seed allele n(2). The measured lint percent of each line was very stable through time, however, large variability existed between many of the N-1 lines ranging from 0.7 to 23.6% lint. The lint percent for the n(2) line was 24.4%. Scanning electron microscopy was used to differentiate patterns of lint initiation on 1 day post anthesis ovules. General patterns included: first, lint initiation restricted to the chalazal end of the seed crest; second, lint initiation along the seed crest and laterally around the chalazal end of the ovule; and third, lint initiation covered all but the micropylar end of the ovule. Lint quality was evaluated for each line using the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) which included measurements of length, maturity, and fineness. The means of each measurement varied among the fuzzless seed lines with significant differences between fiber length, short fiber content, immature fiber content, fineness, and maturity ratio. No correlation was found between lint percent and any of the lint quality measurements. These lines will provide a valuable resource for the study of fiber initiation and lint quality. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Turley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rturley@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUL PY 2007 VL 156 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9351-9 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 171QL UT WOS:000246750400006 ER PT J AU Abdurakhmonov, IY Buriev, ZT Saha, S Pepper, AE Musaev, JA Almatov, A Shermatov, SE Kushanov, FN Mavlonov, GT Reddy, UK Yu, JZ Jenkins, JN Kohel, RJ Abdukarimov, A AF Abdurakhmonov, I. Y. Buriev, Z. T. Saha, S. Pepper, A. E. Musaev, J. A. Almatov, A. Shermatov, S. E. Kushanov, F. N. Mavlonov, G. T. Reddy, U. K. Yu, J. Z. Jenkins, J. N. Kohel, R. J. Abdukarimov, A. TI Microsatellite markers associated with lint percentage trait in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE fuzzless; lintless cotton lines; Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs); Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeats (EST-SSR); Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)-mapping; cotton lint percentage ID UPLAND COTTON; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; FIBER QUALITY; QTL ANALYSIS; LINKAGE MAP; SEED DEVELOPMENT; SSR MARKERS; LOCI; ELONGATION; EXPRESSION AB Molecular markers associated with fiber development traits have the potential to play a key role in understanding of cotton fiber development. Seventeen SSRs out of 304 markers tested from MGHES (EST-SSR), JESPR (genomic SSR), and TMB (BAC-derived SSR) collections showed significant linkage associations (using a Kurskal-Wallis non-parametric test) with lint percentage QTL in a set of recombinant inbred cotton lines (RILs) segregating for lint percentage. The permutation test of these potential markers associated with lint percentage QTL(s) determined that 12 SSR markers have stable estimates, exceeding empirically chosen threshold significance values at or above alpha = 0.01. Interval mapping demonstrated that 9 SSRs with stable critical LOD threshold values at alpha= 0.01 have significant QTL effect. Multiple QTL-mapping (MQM) revealed that at least, two highly significant fiber development QTLs exist around regions TMB0471 and MGHES-31 (explained about 23-59% of the phenotypic variation of lint percentage) and around markers MGHES-31 and TMB0366 (accounted for 5.4-12.5% phenotypic variation of lint percentage). These markers, in particular fiber-specific EST-SSRs, might be the possible 'candidate' loci contributing for fiber development in cotton. BAC-derived SSRs associated with fiber trait are the possible markers that are useful for the identification of physical genomic contigs that contain fiber development genes. Several lint percentage trait associated SSR markers have been located to chromosomes 12, 18, 23, and 26 using deletion analysis in aneuploid chromosome substitution lines. Outcomes of the work may prove useful in understanding and revealing the molecular basis of the fiber development, and the utilization of these markers for development of superior cotton cultivars through marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. C1 Uzbek Acad Sci, Lab Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Qibray Region, Uzbekistan. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. W Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Institute, WV 25112 USA. Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Abdurakhmonov, IY (reprint author), Uzbek Acad Sci, Lab Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Qibray Region, Uzbekistan. EM ibrokhim_a@yahoo.com RI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/F-5588-2015 OI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/0000-0001-9563-0686 NR 81 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUL PY 2007 VL 156 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9361-2 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 171QL UT WOS:000246750400014 ER PT J AU Sharon, E Chet, I Viterbo, A Bar-Eyal, M Nagan, H Samuels, GJ Spiegel, Y AF Sharon, Edna Chet, Ilan Viterbo, Ada Bar-Eyal, Meira Nagan, Harel Samuels, Gary J. Spiegel, Yitzhak TI Parasitism of Trichoderma on Meloidogyne javanica and role of the gelatinous matrix SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attachment; biological control; carbohydrates; recognition ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; VERTICILLIUM-CHLAMYDOSPORIUM; NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGI; HARZIANUM; NEMATODES; MYCOPARASITISM; MICROORGANISMS; PURIFICATION; RECOGNITION; ATROVIRIDE AB Trichoderma (T. asperellum-203, 44 and GH11; T. atroviride-IMI 206040 and T. harzianum-248) parasitism on Meloidogyne javanica life stages was examined in vitro. Conidium attachment and parasitism differed beween the fungi. Egg masses, their derived eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) were parasitized by Trichoderma asperellum-203, 44, and T. atroviride following conidium attachment. Trichoderma asperellum-GH11 attached to the nematodes but exhibited reduced penetration, whereas growth of T. harzianum-248 attached to egg masses was inhibited. Only a few conidia of the different fungi were attached to eggs and J2s without gelatinous matrix; the eggs were penetrated and parasitized by few hyphae, while J2s were rarely parasitized by the fungi. The gelatinous matrix specifically induced J2 immobilization by T. asperellum-203, 44 and T. atroviride metabolites that immobilized the J2s. A constitutive-GFP-expressing T. asperellum-203 construct was used to visualize fungal penetration of the nematodes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of coiling and appressorium-like structures upon attachment and parasitism by T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride. Gelatinous matrix agglutinated T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride conidia, a process that was Ca2+-dependent. Conidium agglutination was inhibited by carbohydrates, including fucose, as was conidium attachment to the nematodes. All but T. harzianum could grow on the gelatinous matrix, which enhanced conidium germination. A biomimetic system based on gelatinous-matrix-coated nylon fibers demonstrated the role of the matrix in parasitism: T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride conidia attached specifically to the gelatinous-matrix-coated fibers and parasitic growth patterns, such as coiling, branching and appressoria-like structures, were induced in both fungi, similarly to those observed during nematode parasitism. All Trichoderma isolates exhibited nematode biocontrol activity in pot experiments with tomato plants. Parasitic interactions were demonstrated in planta: females and egg masses dissected from tomato roots grown in T. asperellum-203-treated soil were examined and found to be parasitized by the fungus. This study demonstrates biocontrol activities of Trichoderma isolates and their parasitic capabilities on M. javanica, elucidating the importance of the gelatinous matrix in the fungal parasitism. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Div Neonatol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sharon, E (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Div Neonatol, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM vpshedna@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 35 TC 36 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 118 IS 3 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10658-007-9140-x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 188OZ UT WOS:000247930500005 ER PT J AU King, JR Porter, SD AF King, Joshua R. Porter, Sanford D. TI Body size, colony size, abundance, and ecological impact of exotic ants in Florida's upland ecosystems SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; body size; colony size; Formicidae; Solenopsis invicta ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; SPECIES RICHNESS; FIRE ANT; ARTHROPOD-COMMUNITY; NONNATIVE ANTS; NATIVE ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; INVASIONS; SOCIOMETRY AB Questions: Do naturalized exotic ant species have larger colonies and smaller workers relative to co-occurring native species? Do exotic ant species have a negative impact on the co-occurring ant and arthropod fauna in undisturbed native upland ecosystems? Study system: Native and exotic ants sampled from four kinds of native upland ecosystems and one kind of disturbed ecosystem (fields) in north-central Florida. This fauna included a total of 94 species, 13 of which are exotic, from five different ecosystems. Methods: Ants were intensively surveyed using a transect-based sampling design and four sampling methods (pitfalls, litter samples, baits, and hand collecting). We estimated average worker body weight and average colony size for all of the species, together with the relative abundance and species richness of native, exotic, and endemic species within ecosystems. Results: The average body size of exotic ants was not obviously different from that of native species. The average colony size of exotic ants was smaller than that of native species, with the exception of Solenopsis invicta, which had the largest colony size of all species. Introduced ants (including S. invicta) were neither speciose nor abundant in any of the native woodland ecosystems. In contrast, in disturbed sites exotic ants accounted for about 40% of total ant abundance and 25% of species richness. Florida's intact, native upland ecosystems appear to be resistant to invasion of exotic ant species despite the fact that surrounding disturbed habitats host a large diversity and abundance of introduced species. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP King, JR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jking@bio.fsu.edu NR 66 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 EI 1937-3791 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 757 EP 774 PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 192HP UT WOS:000248192000002 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Ali, A Barnard, DR AF Xue, Rui-De Ali, Arshad Barnard, Donald R. TI Effects of in vivo exposure to DEET on blood feeding behavior and fecundity in Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera : Culicidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquito; repellent; mortality; probing time; engorgement; malaria vector mosquitoes; blood feeding; fecundity ID COMPARATIVE SENSITIVITY; MOSQUITOS; REPELLENT; TOXICITY AB This study determined the effects of contact with DEET on guinea pig skin on mortality, probing time, blood feeding rate, engorgement time, and fecundity responses in female Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Exposure, in this manner, to 10% DEET (in ethanol) for 5 min, resulted in 98% mortality in mosquitoes after 24 h. The median probing time (PT50) required by females, when exposed to 0. 1%, 1.0%, and 10% DEET, was significantly (P < 0.0001) longer (12.5, 12.1, and 19.1 s, respectively) than the 6.8 s required by females to probe ethanol-treated skin (control). Similarly, mean blood feeding rates in populations of females exposed to 1.0% DEET for <= 5 min (14.4%) was 6x lower (P < 0.001) (85.5%) than in females exposed to ethanol-treated skin, whereas the mean engorgement time on skin treated with 1.0% DEET (66.3 s) was significantly shorter (P < 0.0001) than for females feeding on the control guinea pigs (105.9 s). The mean number of mature oocytes per female (fecundity) in treatment (1.0% DEET) and control mosquitoes was not significantly different. The responses to DEET observed in this study suggest that repeated exposure of female A. quadrimaculatus populations to this repellent, in laboratory bioassays, could result in confounding of toxicant and repellent effects and inaccurate estimates of DEET repellency. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32085 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, 500 Old Beach Rd, St Augustine, FL 32085 USA. EM xueamcd@bellsouth.net RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 116 IS 3 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.12.011 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 184SO UT WOS:000247662500002 PM 17286972 ER PT J AU Kim, J Faria, N Chan, K Martins, M Campbell, B AF Kim, J. Faria, N. Chan, K. Martins, M. Campbell, B. TI Targeting cellular stress response systems with natural compounds to enhance antifungal activity SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies (FEBS) CY JUL 07-12, 2007 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Federat European Biochem Soc C1 [Kim, J.; Chan, K.; Campbell, B.] USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Faria, N.; Martins, M.] Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Lisbon, Portugal. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 274 SU 1 MA C4-21 BP 200 EP 200 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 264JO UT WOS:000253283800623 ER PT J AU Faria, NG Kim, J Campbell, B Martins, ML AF Faria, N. G. Kim, J. Campbell, B. Martins, M. L. TI Natural compounds augment activity of antifungal drugs against recalcitrant strains of human pathogenic yeasts SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies (FEBS) CY JUL 07-12, 2007 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Federat European Biochem Soc C1 [Faria, N. G.; Martins, M. L.] Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Lisbon, Portugal. [Kim, J.; Campbell, B.] USDA, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 274 SU 1 BP 237 EP 237 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 264JO UT WOS:000253283800769 ER PT J AU Richardson, LL Sekar, R Myers, JL Gantar, M Voss, JD Kaczmarsky, L Remily, ER Boyer, GL Zimba, PV AF Richardson, Laurie L. Sekar, Raju Myers, Jamie L. Gantar, Miroslav Voss, Joshua D. Kaczmarsky, Longin Remily, Elizabeth R. Boyer, Gregory L. Zimba, Paul V. TI The presence of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin in black band disease of corals SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE black band disease; coral disease; cyanobacteria; cyanotoxin; microcystin ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD; PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION ASSAY; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MAT; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; OXYGEN; GENES AB Black band disease (BBD) is a migrating, cyanobacterial dominated, sulfide-rich microbial mat that moves across coral colonies lysing coral tissue. While it is known that BBD sulfate-reducing bacteria contribute to BBD pathogenicity by production of sulfide, additional mechanisms of toxicity may be involved. Using HPLC/MS, the cyanotoxin microcystin was detected in 22 field samples of BBD collected from five coral species on nine reefs of the wider Caribbean (Florida Keys and Bahamas). Two cyanobacterial cultures isolated from BBD, Geitlerinema and Leptolyngbya sp. contained microcystin based on HPLC/MS, with toxic activity confirmed using the protein phosphatase inhibition assay. The gene mcyA from the microcystin synthesis complex was detected in two field samples and from both BBD cyanobacterial cultures. Microcystin was not detected in six BBD samples from a different area of the Caribbean (St Croix, USVI) and the Philippines, suggesting regional specificity for BBD microcystin. This is the first report of the presence of microcystin in a coral disease. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. SUNY, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Richardson, LL (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM laurie.richardson@fiu.edu RI Raju, Sekar/B-1952-2010; Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 OI Raju, Sekar/0000-0002-1182-9004; FU NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM8205] NR 32 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 272 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00751.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179VY UT WOS:000247319500007 PM 17506829 ER PT J AU Wang, JG Anderson, RA Graham, GM Chu, MC Sauer, MV Guarnaccia, MM Lobo, RA AF Wang, Jeff G. Anderson, Richard A. Graham, George M., III Chu, Micheline C. Sauer, Mark V. Guarnaccia, Michael M. Lobo, Rogerio A. TI The effect of cinnamon extract on insulin resistance parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WOMEN; METFORMIN; GLUCOSE; ROSIGLITAZONE; SENSITIVITY; IMPROVEMENT; OVULATION; SYSTEM; INDEX AB Cinnamon extract has been shown to reduce insulin resistance in in vitro and in vivo studies by increasing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in the insulin signaling pathway and thus potentiating insulin action. Fifteen women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were randomized to daily oral cinnamon and placebo for 8 weeks. Comparisons of post-treatment to baseline insulin sensitivity indices using fasting and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests showed significant reductions in insulin resistance in the cinnamon group but not in the placebo group. A larger trial is needed to confirm the findings of this pilot study and to evaluate the effect of cinnamon extract on menstrual cyclicity. C1 Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod & Endocrinol, New York, NY USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wang, JG (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 622 W 168th St PH-16, New York, NY 10023 USA. EM jw781@columbia.edu NR 23 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 240 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.082 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 190JC UT WOS:000248054100040 PM 17296187 ER PT J AU Brinberg, D Bumgardner, M Daniloski, K AF Brinberg, David Bumgardner, Matthew Daniloski, Kim TI Understanding perception of wood household furniture: application of a policy capturing approach SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHARACTER-MARKED FURNITURE AB Consumer and retailer perceptions of wood household furniture were modeled using a policy capturing approach. A sample of consumers and retailers evaluated four pictures of wood furniture on eight visual cues deemed representative of the furniture purchasing environment. These Cues were then regressed on respondents' judgment of willingness to pay for each furniture piece. The framework for analysis was the Brunswik lens model, which posits that the way an individual sees an object is determined by the cues the individual uses, and the importance of those cues, to process the stimulus. The results Suggested that males and females employed different policies for integrating the cues associated with wood furniture, as did consumers and retailers. Species differences between oak and cherry also were detected. An implication of the study is the need for adaptive marketing strategies: to emphasize design quality to both male and females and to focus on character-marks and natural blemishes for males and (grain consistency for females. Retailers seemed to use an entirely different set of cues. The findings provide further support for the notion that consumers are at least indifferent toward, and often agreeable to, character-marked products. C1 Virginia Tech Univ, Sloan Fdn Forest Ind Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV USA. Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Mkt, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Bumgardner, M (reprint author), Virginia Tech Univ, Sloan Fdn Forest Ind Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dbrinber@vt.edu; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us; kdanilos@vt.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 57 IS 7-8 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 207CD UT WOS:000249228300003 ER PT J AU Lowell, EC Parry, DL AF Lowell, Eini C. Parry, Dean L. TI Value loss in ponderosa pine logs from beetle activity following fire in southern Oregon SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Wormholes, stain, and decay in fire-damaged and fire-killed trees are causing rapid loss of value, and, to a lesser extent, volume when processed into wood products. Ponderosa pine trees killed in the Warner Mountain fire (southern Oregon) were found to be infested with wood-boring insects that were causing large amounts of massed wormholes and associated blue stain fungi as soon as 3 months after the fire. A sawmill recovery study was conducted on 44 control logs and 1] 9 "wormy" logs ranging in small-end diameter from 6 to 37 in (15 to 94 cm) to determine if there was any measurable merchantable volume loss in the fire-killed trees as a result of massed wormholes. No lumber volume was lost owing to worm-generated defect. Both the control and wormy logs averaged 78 percent in green cubic volume recovery. There was a significant drop in average value of $258/MBF lumber tally (2005 prices) from the control to the wormy log sample. In this study, value loss occurred primarily because of the presence of blue stain in lumber that would otherwise have produced the higher value Factory grades (e.g., Shop, Moulding). Almost 80 percent of the lumber volume sawn from the control logs was in the higher value Factory grades whereas only 17 percent of the lumber from wormy logs received these grades. About 52 percent of the lumber produced from wormy logs was graded as lower value Dimension lumber as compared to 18 percent of the control being assigned under that grading system. Value loss increased with log diameter. The primary recommendation from these results is that loss should be handled in the valuation (appraisal) process rather than the measurement (scaling) process. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Lowell, EC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM elowell@fs.fed.us; dparry@bresnan.net NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 57 IS 7-8 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 207CD UT WOS:000249228300011 ER PT J AU Todoroki, CL Monserud, RA Parry, DL AF Todoroki, Christine L. Monserud, Robert A. Parry, Dean L. TI Lumber volume and value from elliptical western hemlock logs SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONAL SHAPE; STRUCTURAL LUMBER; INTERNAL DEFECTS; HARDWOOD SAWLOGS; NORWAY-SPRUCE; KNOTS; ECCENTRICITY; METHODOLOGY; YIELD; SAWN AB The effect of log ovality and orientation on lumber yield and value recovery was examined through sawing simulation. Ovality was modeled on digitized western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) logs by altering the ratio of minor to major axes on a given cross section from 1.00 (circular) to 0.80 (oval) in 0.05 unit decrements, while holding cross sectional area and volume constant. The log models were cant-sawn in the AUTOSAW simulator across the full range of rotational settings and "lumber" was tallied and priced according to WWPA grade. Responses (lumber yield and value recovery) were normalized relative to those of the circular logs at their initial orientation to eliminate effects due to the large range in log diameters. Maximum responses were calculated and the orientations attaining those maxima recorded. Log ovality was, contrary to the common assumption, beneficial to lumber yield when the log was sawn at the optimum orientation. A 3.2 percent increase in yield relative to the circular logs was recorded for the optimally rotated logs with an ellipticity ratio of 0.80 (95% CI, 1. 1% to 5.3%). With ellipticity 0.90, approximately equal to the average for western hemlock, the increase was 3.4 percent (95% Cl, 1.8% to 4.9%). Ovality was neither beneficial nor detrimental to maximum value recovery; differences were not significant. Optimal lumber yield occurred more frequently at 90 degrees and 270 degrees, equivalent to primary sawing parallel to the major axis. However, value recovery fluctuated considerably, even with circular logs, and there was no unique angle at which maximum value recovery occurred. C1 New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Ensis Wood Proc, Rotorua, New Zealand. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Ensis Wood Proc, Rotorua, New Zealand. EM Christine.Todoroki@ensisjv.com; rmonserud@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 57 IS 7-8 BP 76 EP 82 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 207CD UT WOS:000249228300013 ER PT J AU Zheng, DL Heath, LS Ducey, MJ AF Zheng, Daolan Heath, Linda S. Ducey, Mark J. TI Forest biomass estimated from MODIS and FIA data in the Lake States: MN, WI and MI, USA SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; NATIONAL-PARK; NOAA-AVHRR; FIELD DATA; REFLECTANCE; VALIDATION; ALBEDO; AREA AB This study linked the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data through empirical models established using high-resolution Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus observations to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) in three Lake States in the north-central USA. While means obtained from larger sample sizes in FIA datasets can be used as reference numbers over large scales, remote sensing (RS)-based observations have the ability to reflect spatial variation of properties of interest within a given area. Thus, combining two national on-going datasets may improve our ability to accurately estimate ecological properties across large scales. Using standard and consistent data sources can reduce uncertainty and provide more comparable results at both temporal and spatial dimensions. We estimated total forest AGB in the region was 1479 T-g (10(12) g, dry weight) in 2001 with mean AGB value of 95 mg ha(-1) ranging from 4 to 411 mg ha(-1) (within 95 per cent percentiles). Mixed forests featured 66 per cent of the total AGB while deciduous and evergreen forests contained 32 and 2 per cent of the total AGB, respectively, at 1-km pixel resolution. Spatially, AGB values increased from north-west to south-east in general. The RS-based estimates indicated a greater range in AGB variations than the FIA data. Deciduous forests were more variable (both in absolute and relative terms) than evergreen forests. The standard deviation of AGB for deciduous forests was 137 mg ha(-1), or a coefficient of variation of 92 per cent, that for evergreen forests was 24 mg ha(-1), or a coefficient of variation of 37 per cent. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zheng, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM daolan.zheng@unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JUL PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpm015 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 195MJ UT WOS:000248416000004 ER PT J AU Azzi, A AF Azzi, Angelo TI Molecular mechanism of alpha-tocopherol action SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; MUSCLE-CELL-PROLIFERATION; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE; PHOSPHATASES IN-VIVO; VITAMIN-E; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; REVERSIBLE OXIDATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; NADPH OXIDASE; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONCENTRATIONS AB The inability of other antioxidants to substitute for alpha-tocopherol in a number of cellular reactions, the lack of a compensatory antioxidant response in the gene expression under conditions of alpha-tocopherol deficiency, the unique uptake of alpha-tocopherol relative to the other tocopherols and its slower catabolism, and the striking differences in the molecular function of the different tocopherols and tocotrienols, observed in vitro, unrelated to their antioxidant properties, are all data in support of a nonantioxidant molecular function of alpha-tocopherol. Furthermore, in vivo studies have also shown that alpha-tocopherol is not able, at physiological concentrations, to protect against oxidant-induced damage or prevent disease allegedly caused by oxidative damage. alpha-Tocopherol appears to act as a ligand of not yet identified specific proteins (receptors, transcription factors) capable of regulating signal transduction and gene expression. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab, Off 622, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 88 TC 211 Z9 221 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.013 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 180VS UT WOS:000247395000003 PM 17561089 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, Gerhard TI Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid value; Biodiesel; Iodine value; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oxidative stability; Storage; Viscosity AB Biodiesel, an "alternative" diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils, animals fats or used frying oils, largely consists of the mono-alkyl esters of the fatty acids comprising these feedstocks. One of the major technical issue facing biodiesel is its susceptibility to oxidation upon exposure to oxygen in ambient air. This susceptibility is due to its content of unsaturated fatty acid chains, especially those with bis-allylic methylene moieties. Oxidation of fatty acid chains is a complex process that proceeds by a variety of mechanisms. Besides the presence of air, various other factors influence the oxidation process of biodiesel including presence of light, elevated temperature, extraneous materials such as metals which may be even present in the container material, peroxides, and antioxidants, as well as the size of the surface area between biodiesel and air. Approaches to improving biodiesel oxidative stability include the deliberate addition of antioxidants or modification of the fatty ester profile. This article discusses some factors influencing biodiesel oxidative stability and their interaction. Resulting approaches to improving this property of biodiesel are related to these factors and the corresponding mechanisms. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 58 TC 279 Z9 286 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 88 IS 7 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.01.005 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA V07UV UT WOS:000207287000005 ER PT J AU Hess, MA Haas, MJ Foglia, TA AF Hess, Melissa A. Haas, Michael J. Foglia, Thomas A. TI Attempts to reduce NO(x) exhaust emissions by using reformulated biodiesel SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; NO(x); Soy polyols AB Biodiesel is a renewable, domestically produced fuel that has been shown to reduce particulate, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions from diesel engines. Under some conditions, however, biodiesel produced from certain feedstocks has been shown to cause an increase in nitrogen oxides (NO(x)). This is of special concern in urban areas that are subject to strict environmental regulations. Although soy-based biodiesel may increase the emission of nitrogen oxides, it is the most easily accessible in North America. We investigated two routes to reformulate soy-based biodiesel in an effort to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. In one of these, soy-oil methyl esters were modified by conversion of a proportion of the cis bonds in the fatty acid chains of its methyl esters to their trans isomers. In the other approach, polyol derivatives of soybean oil were transesterified to form soy methyl polyol fatty acid esters. The NO(x) emissions of these modified biodiesels were then examined, using a Yanmar L100 single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated, air cooled, direct injection diesel engine. Using either isomerized methyl oleate or isomerized soy biodiesel, at 20% blend level in petroleum diesel ('B20'), nitrogen oxide emissions were elevated by between 1.5 and 3 percentage points relative to the combustion of a B20 blend of commercial biodiesel. Nitrogen oxide emissions were reduced in proportion to blend level during the combustion of polyol biodiesel, with a 20% blend in petrodiesel resulting in a reduction of about 4.5 percentage points relative to the emissions of a comparable blend of commercial soy biodiesel. (C) 2007 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hess, Melissa A.; Haas, Michael J.; Foglia, Thomas A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM drliss@comcast.net; mhaas@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 88 IS 7 BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.02.001 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA V07UV UT WOS:000207287000007 ER PT J AU Li, CJ Li, RW Wang, YH Elsasser, TH AF Li, Cong-jun Li, Robert W. Wang, Yong-hong Elsasser, Ted H. TI Pathway analysis identifies perturbation of genetic networks induced by butyrate in a bovine kidney epithelial cell line SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; butyrate; cell cycle; genetic network ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; PROBE LEVEL DATA; SODIUM-BUTYRATE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; APOPTOSIS; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; ARRAY; NORMALIZATION AB Ruminant species have evolved to metabolize the short-chain volatile fatty acids (VIA), acetate, propionate, and butyrate, to fulfill up to 70% of their nutrient energy requirements. The inherent VIA dependence of ruminant cells was exploited to add a level of increased sensitivity to the study of the role of butyrate gene-response elements in regulatory biochemical pathways. Global gene expression profiles of the bovine kidney epithelial cells regulated by sodium butyrate were investigated with high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. The detailed mechanisms by which butyrate induces cell growth arrest and apoptosis were analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base. The functional category and pathway analyses of the microarray data revealed that four canonical pathways (Cell cycles: G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, and pyrimidine metabolism; G1/S checkpoint regulation and purine metabolism) were significantly perturbed. The biologically relevant networks and pathways of these genes were also identified. -IGF2, TGFB1, TP53, E2F4, and CDC2 were established as being centered in these genomic networks. The present findings provide a basis for understanding the full range of the biological roles and the molecular mechanisms that butyrate may play in animal cell growth, proliferation, and energy metabolisms. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, SAIC, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Li, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Room 209,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cli@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 43 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10142-006-0043-2 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 177YP UT WOS:000247188700002 PM 17186197 ER PT J AU Wang, YF Qu, L Uthe, JJ Bearson, SMD Kuhar, D Lunney, JK Couture, OP Nettleton, D Dekkers, JCM Tuggle, CK AF Wang, Yanfang Qu, Long Uthe, Jolita J. Bearson, Shawn M. D. Kuhar, Daniel Lunney, Joan K. Couture, Oliver P. Nettleton, Dan Dekkers, Jack C. M. Tuggle, Christopher K. TI Global transcriptional response of porcine mesenteric lymph nodes to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE porcine; gene expression; Salmonella typhimurium; immune response; NF kappa B ID DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DENDRITIC CELLS; HOST RESPONSES; INFECTION; SWINE; CHOLERAESUIS; INFLAMMATION AB To elucidate the host transcriptional response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Affymetrix porcine GeneChip analysis of pig mesenteric lymph nodes was used to identify 848 genes showing differential expression across different times after inoculation or when compared to non-inoculated controls. Annotation analyses showed that a high proportion of these differentially expressed (DE) genes are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. T helper 1, innate/inflammatory, and antigen-processing pathways were induced at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) and/or 48 hpi, while apoptosis and antigen presentation/dendritic cell function pathways were downregulated at 8 hpi. Cluster analyses revealed that most DE genes annotated as NF kappa B targets were grouped into a specific induced subcluster, while many translation-related DE genes were found in a repressed subcluster. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed the Affymetrix results, revealing transcriptional induction of NF kappa B target genes at 24 hpi and suppression of the NF kappa B pathway from 24 to 48 hpi. We propose that such NF kappa B suppression in antigen-presenting cells may be the mechanism by which S. Typhimurium eludes a strong inflammatory response to establish a carrier status in pigs. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu RI Qu, Long/I-8528-2012 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.04.018 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 187DB UT WOS:000247826400009 PM 17499962 ER PT J AU St Clair, JB Howe, GT AF St Clair, J. Bradley Howe, Glenn T. TI Genetic maladaptation of coastal Douglas-fir seedlings to future climates SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; forest trees; genecology; local adaptation; natural selection; precipitation; Pseudotsuga menziesii; quantitative traits; relative risk of maladaptation; temperature ID PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PROVENANCE TESTS; PINUS-CONTORTA; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CARBON STORES; FOREST TREES; GROWTH; ADAPTATION; OREGON AB Climates are expected to warm considerably over the next century, resulting in expectations that plant populations will not be adapted to future climates. We estimated the risk of maladaptation of current populations of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. inenziesii) to future climates as the proportion of nonoverlap between two normal distributions where the means and genetic variances of current and future populations are determined from genecological models derived from seedling common garden studies. The risk of maladaptation was large for most traits when compared with the risk associated with current transfers within seed zones, particularly for the more drastic climate change scenario. For example, the proportion of nonoverlap for a composite trait representing bud set, emergence, growth, and root: shoot ratio was as high as 0.90. We recommend augmenting within-population variation by mixing local populations with some proportion of populations from lower elevations and further south. Populations expected to be adapted to climates a century from now come from locations as far down in elevation as 450-1130 m and as far south in latitude as 1.8-4.9 degrees. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP St Clair, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bstclair@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 44 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1441 EP 1454 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01385.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202ZV UT WOS:000248945800012 ER PT J AU Hijmans, RJ Gavrilenko, T Stephenson, S Bamberg, J Salas, A Spooner, DM AF Hijmans, Robert J. Gavrilenko, Tatjana Stephenson, Sarah Bamberg, John Salas, Alberto Spooner, David M. TI Geographical and environmental range expansion through polyploidy in wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE chromosome number; climate; geographical range; polyploidy; potato; range size; richness; section Petota; Solanaceae; Solanum ID FLOWERING PLANTS; ESTABLISHMENT; CYTOTYPE AB Aim To assess evidence for geographical and environmental range expansion through polyploidy in wild potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota). There are diploids, triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids and hexaploids in this group. Location Wild potatoes occur from the south-western USA (Utah and Colorado), throughout the tropical highlands of Mexico, Central America and the Andes, to Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. Methods We compiled 5447 reports of ploidy determination, covering 185 of the 187 species, of which 702 determinations are presented here for the first time. We assessed the frequency of cytotypes within species, and analysed the geographical and climatic distribution of ploidy levels. Results Thirty-six per cent of the species are entirely or partly polyploid. Multiple cytotypes exist in 21 species, mostly as diploid and triploid, but many more may await discovery. We report the first chromosome count (2n = 24) for Solanum hintonii. Diploids occupy a larger area than polyploids, but diploid and tetraploid species have similar range sizes, and the two species with by far the largest range sizes are tetraploids. The fraction of the plants that are polyploids is much higher from Mexico to Ecuador than farther south. Compared with diploids, triploids tend to occur in warmer and drier areas, whereas higher-level polyploids tend to occur in relatively cold areas. Diploids are absent from Costa Rica to southern Colombia, the wettest part of the group's range. Main conclusions These results suggest that polyploidy played an important role in this group's environmental differentiation and range expansion. C1 Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Int Potato Ctr, Lima, Peru. NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Res Serv, Potato Introduct Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Hijmans, RJ (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, DAPO Box 7777, Manila, Philippines. EM r.hijmans@gmail.com RI Hijmans, Robert/N-3299-2016; OI Hijmans, Robert/0000-0001-5872-2872 NR 48 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 485 EP 495 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00308.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 177BF UT WOS:000247127900008 ER PT J AU Gonzalo, M Vyn, TJ Holland, JB McIntyre, LM AF Gonzalo, M. Vyn, T. J. Holland, J. B. McIntyre, L. M. TI Mapping reciprocal effects and interactions with plant density stress in Zea mays L. SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE maternal effects; epigenetics; stress response; parent-of-origin effects ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; MAIZE INBRED LINES; DNA METHYLATION; CROSS DIFFERENCES; SEED DEVELOPMENT; MATERNAL PARENT; 3-WAY CROSSES; ENDOSPERM; HYBRIDS; EXPRESSION AB Reciprocal effects are due to genetic effects of the parents (i.e. maternal and paternal effects), cytoplasmic effects and parent-of-origin effects. However, in Zea mays L. the extent to which reciprocal effects exist, or can be attributed to specific underlying components, remains an area of interest and study. Reciprocal effects have been reported by several investigators for various agronomic characters in different types of maize materials for grain and silage usage. Maize geneticists and breeders have recognized reciprocal effects as one source of genetic variability, but the lack of consistency in the observation of these effects, particularly due to stress conditions, has prevented a systematic exploitation of these effects in practical breeding programs. There is mounting molecular evidence for underlying mechanisms in maize, which could be responsible for both the existence, and the instability of reciprocal effects. In this study, we developed population of reciprocal backcrosses based on an initial set of recombinant inbred lines. This population was used for dissecting reciprocal effects into the underlying components (maternal, cytoplasmic and parent-of-origin) effects. We also developed statistical framework to identify and map contributions of specific nuclear chromosomal regions to reciprocal effects. We showed that differences in maternal parents, endosperm DNA and maternally transmitted factors collectively influence reciprocal effects early during the season, and that their influence diluted at later stages. We also found evidence that parent-of-origin effects in the sporophyte DNA existed at all stages and played an important role in establishing differences between reciprocal backcrosses at later developmental stages. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Nidera SA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McIntyre, LM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM mcintyre@ufl.edu RI McIntyre, Lauren/J-8414-2012; OI McIntyre, Lauren/0000-0002-0077-3359; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R24GM65513-01] NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUL PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 14 EP 30 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800955 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 183UK UT WOS:000247597500004 PM 17473872 ER PT J AU Mou, B AF Mou, Beiquan TI Inheritance of resistance to leafminers in lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Salinas, CA USA. EM bmou@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 856 EP 856 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800027 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Tarara, J Smithyman, R AF Schreiner, R. Paul Tarara, Julie Smithyman, Russell TI Deficit irrigation enhances arbuscular colonization of fine roots by mycorrhizal fungi in grapevines SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR USA. USDA ARS, HCRL, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Ste Michelle Wine Estates, Prosser, WA USA. EM schreinr@science.oregonstate.edu; jtarara@wsu.edu; smithyman@ste-michelle.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 857 EP 858 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800034 ER PT J AU Boyer, CR Fain, GB Gilliam, CH Gallagher, TV Torbert, HA Sibley, JL AF Boyer, Cheryl R. Fain, Glenn B. Gilliam, Charles H. Gallagher, Thomas V. Torbert, H. Allen Sibley, Jeff L. TI Forest residuals: New substrates for container-grown crops SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. USDA ARS, Auburn, AL USA. EM boyercr@auburn.edu; gfain@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; gillic1@auburn.edu; gallatv@auburn.edu; atorbert@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; sibleje@auburn.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 861 EP 861 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800046 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Glenn, DM AF Takeda, Fumiomi Glenn, David Michael TI Development of short-day-type strawberry transplants that flower in fall SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Kearneysville, WV USA. EM Fumi.Takeda@ars.usda.gov; Michael.Glenn@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 865 EP 865 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800059 ER PT J AU Navarro-Tarazaga, ML Plotto, A Goodner, K Baldwin, E Perez-Gago, MB AF Navarro-Tarazaga, Maria-Llanos Plotto, Anne Goodner, Kevin Baldwin, Elizabeth Perez-Gago, Maria-Bernadita TI Effect of edible coatings on the flavor of 'Valencia' oranges SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM mllanos@ivia.es; plotto@citrus.usda.gov; goodner@citrus.usda.gov; ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov; mbperez@ivia.es RI Perez-Gago, Maria/A-4983-2009 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 869 EP 869 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800075 ER PT J AU McKenzie, C Albano, J AF McKenzie, Cindy Albano, Joseph TI The effect of time of whitefly infestation and plant nutrition on the development of tomato irregular ripening disorder SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM cmckenzie@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; jalbano@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 872 EP 872 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800086 ER PT J AU Burnett, S Zhang, DL Stack, L He, ZQ AF Burnett, Stephanie Zhang, Donglin Stack, Lois He, Zhongqi TI Effects of phosphorus on morphology of hydroponically grown Scaevola aemula r. br. 'Whirlwind blue' SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Cooperat Extens, Orono, ME USA. USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME USA. EM sburnett@maine.edu; donglin@maine.edu; lstack@umext.maine.edu; zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 874 EP 874 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800092 ER PT J AU Taylor, M Nelson, P Frantz, J AF Taylor, Matthew Nelson, Paul Frantz, Jonathan TI Effect of high temperature on extreme substrate acidification by geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum bailey) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Toledo, OH USA. EM mdtaylo3@ncsu.edu; paul_nelson@ncsu.edu; jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 874 EP 874 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800093 ER PT J AU Bassett, C Richart, G Wisniewski, M Artlip, T Farrell, R AF Bassett, Carole Richart, Gregory Wisniewski, Michael Artlip, Timothy Farrell, Robert, Jr. TI Mapping transcript start sites for three peach (Prunus persica L. batsch.) dehydrins: Differences in transcript initiation during fruit development SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Penn State Univ, York, PA USA. EM Carole.Bassett@ars.usda.gov; jrf10@psu.edu; Wisniewski@ars.usda.gov; Timothy.Artlip@ars.usda.gov; jrf10@psu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 876 EP 876 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800100 ER PT J AU Tanis, S Cregg, B Mota-Sanchez, D McCullough, D Poland, T Hollingworth, R AF Tanis, Sara Cregg, Bert Mota-Sanchez, David McCullough, Deb Poland, Therese Hollingworth, Robert TI Distribution of trunk-injected C-14 imidacloprid in Fraxinus trees: A test of the sectored-flow hypothesis SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, E Lansing, MI USA. EM tanissar@msu.edu; cregg@msu.edu; motasanc@msu.edu; mccullo6@msu.edu; polandt@bmsu.edu; rmholl@msu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 878 EP 878 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800107 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, V Cantrell, CL AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho Cantrell, Charles L. TI Productivity, content, and composition of the essential oil of three basil genotypes as a function of harvesting SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Verona, MS USA. USDA, ARS, University, MS USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu; clcantrl@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 888 EP 888 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800144 ER PT J AU Taylor, M Nelson, P Frantz, J Rufty, T AF Taylor, Matthew Nelson, Paul Frantz, Jonathan Rufty, Thomas TI Effect of phosphorus deficiency and high temperature on ammonium and nitrate uptake by geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum bailey) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Toledo, OH USA. EM mdtaylo3@ncsu.edu; paul_nelson@ncsu.edu; jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu; tom_rufty@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 890 EP 890 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800153 ER PT J AU Farnham, M Davis, E Morgan, J Smith, P AF Farnham, Mark Davis, Ed Morgan, John Smith, Powell TI Exploring north and south Carolina in search of collard landraces SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Emory & Henry Coll, Emory, VA USA. Clemson Univ Cooperat Extens, Lexington, SC USA. EM mfamham@saa.ars.usda.gov; ehdavis@behc.edu; jtmorgan@ehc.edu; jpsmth@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 895 EP 895 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800172 ER PT J AU Volk, G Richards, C Henk, A Reilley, A Forsline, P AF Volk, Gayle Richards, Christopher Henk, Adam Reilley, Ann Forsline, Philip TI Genetic diversity of the Malus sieversii collection in the USDA-ARS national plant germplasm system SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, NCGRP, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu; crichard@lamar.colostate.edu; adam.henk@ars.usda.gov; ann.reilley@ars.usda.gov; plfl@cornell.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 895 EP 895 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800173 ER PT J AU Hayes, R Vallad, G Subbarao, K AF Hayes, Ryan Vallad, Gary Subbarao, Krishna TI The inheritance of resistance to race 1 isolates of Verticillium dahliae in lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Salinas, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Salinas, CA USA. EM rhayes@pw.ars.usda.gov; gevallad@ucdavis.edu; kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 896 EP 896 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800176 ER PT J AU Tetteh, A Wehner, T Davis, A AF Tetteh, Antonia Wehner, Todd Davis, Angela TI Screening the watermelon germplasm collection for resistance to powdery mildew race 2 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. EM aytetteh@ncsu.edu; todd_wehner@ncsu.edu; adavis-usda@lane-ag.org NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 896 EP 896 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800175 ER PT J AU Dossett, M Finn, C AF Dossett, Michael Finn, Chad TI Variation and inheritance of vegetative and reproductive traits in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR USA. EM dossettm@hort.oregonstate.edu; finnc@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 897 EP 898 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800182 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Skinner, JA Wang, XW Rinehart, TA Reed, SM Pantalone, VR Windham, MT Trigiano, RN AF Wadl, Phillip A. Skinner, John A. Wang, Xinwang Rinehart, Tim A. Reed, Sandra M. Pantalone, Vince R. Windham, Mark T. Trigiano, Robert N. TI Breeding intra- and interspecific Cornus species SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. USDA ARS, Mcminnville, TN USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu; jskinner@utk.edu; xinwang@utk.edu; trinehart@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; Sandra.Reed@ars.usda.gov; vpantalo@utk.edu; mwindham@utk.edu; rtrigian@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 900 EP 901 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800193 ER PT J AU Han, JS Oh, DG Chung, KH Kim, CK Park, S Shigki, T Hirschi, KD Choi, C AF Han, Jeung-Sul Oh, Dae-Geun Chung, Kyeong-Ho Kim, Chang-Kil Park, Sunghun Shigki, Thoshiro Hirschi, Kendal D. Choi, Cheol TI Ectopic expression of an arabidopsis CAX2 variant facilitates the growth of both bottle gourd and the scion grafted onto the transgenic rootstock SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Hort Res Inst, RDA, Suwon, South Korea. Sangju Natl Univ, Sangju, South Korea. Texas A&M Univ, Hort Sci Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Plant Physiol Grp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM harnjs@rda.go.kr; daegeun@rda.go.kr; kh2chung@rda.go.kr; ckkim@sangju.ac.kr; s-park4@tamu.edu; tshigaki@bcm.tmc.edu; kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu; cc31@knu.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 904 EP 905 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800207 ER PT J AU Scorza, R AF Scorza, Ralph TI The development of 'HoneySweet' - A transgenic plum pox virus (PPV)-resistant plum and the application of intron-hairpin (ihp) RNA technology for PPV resistance in stone fruits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ralph.scorza@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 904 EP 904 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800205 ER PT J AU Castillo, N Reed, B Bassil, N AF Castillo, Nina Reed, Barbara Bassil, Nahla TI Fingerprinting and genetic stability of Rubus using molecular markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. EM nrlflores02@yahoo.com; reedbm@science.oregonstate.edu; nbassil@ars-grin.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 914 EP 914 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800242 ER PT J AU Thro, AM AF Thro, Ann Marie TI A plant breeder's guide to CSREES, or how to help CSREES help you SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC USA. EM athro@csrees.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 914 EP 914 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800241 ER PT J AU Njuguna, W Bassil, N Hummer, K Davis, T AF Njuguna, Wambui Bassil, Nahla Hummer, Kim Davis, Tom TI Genetic diversity of Fragaria iinumae and F-nipponica based on microsatellite markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM njugunaw@onid.orst.edu; nbassil@ars-grin.gov; khummer@ars-grin.gov; tom.davis@unh.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 915 EP 915 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800244 ER PT J AU Krug, B Whipker, B Frantz, J McCall, I AF Krug, Brian Whipker, Brian Frantz, Jonathan McCall, Ingram TI Bedding plant plugs suffering from "Stubby plant syndrome" SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, ATRV, Toledo, OH USA. EM bakrug@ncsu.edu; whipker@ncsu.edu; frantz@utoledo.edu; mccall@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 918 EP 918 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800255 ER PT J AU Sams, C Vaughn, S Deyton, D Cummins, J AF Sams, Carl Vaughn, Steven Deyton, Dennis Cummins, John TI Impact of biofumigation with seed meal on weed control in plasticulture strawberry production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. USDA ARS, Peoria, IL USA. EM carlsams@utk.edu; vaughnsf@ncaur.usda.gov; deytond@utk.edu; recon77@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 921 EP 922 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800266 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Davis, A AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Davis, Angela TI Ripening events in seeded watermelons SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. EM pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org; adavis-usda@lane-ag.org NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 927 EP 927 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800291 ER PT J AU Jifon, J Lester, G AF Jifon, John Lester, Gene TI Effects of foliar potassium source on muskmelon fruit quality and phytonutrient content SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX USA. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jljifon@agprg.tamu.edu; glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 934 EP 934 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800315 ER PT J AU Taber, H Perkins-Veazie, P White, W Rodermel, S AF Taber, Henry Perkins-Veazie, Penelope White, Wendy Rodermel, Steven TI Enhancement of tomato fruit lycopene by potassium is cultivar-dependent SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. EM taber@iastate.edu; pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org; wswhite@iastate.edu; rodermel@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 934 EP 934 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800317 ER PT J AU Blythe, E Merhaut, D Albano, J AF Blythe, Eugene Merhaut, Donald Albano, Joseph TI Leachate nutrient concentrations for greenhouse-grown, containerized azaleas when using four different types of controlled-release fertilizers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM eugeneb@ucr.edu; donald.merhaut@ucr.edu; jalbano@ushrl.usda.ars.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 937 EP 937 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800328 ER PT J AU Makus, D Zibilske, L Lester, G AF Makus, Donald Zibilske, Larry Lester, Gene TI Light intensity, soil type, greens type, and lithium addition affect greens leaf constituents SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM dmakus@weslaco.ars.usda.gov; lzibilske@weslaco.ars.usda.gov; glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 937 EP 937 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800329 ER PT J AU Merhaut, D Blythe, E Albano, J AF Merhaut, Donald Blythe, Eugene Albano, Joseph TI Nutrient concentrations of leachates for outdoor-grown, containerized Ligustrum texanum when using four different types of controlled-release fertilizers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM donald.merhaut@ucr.edu; donald.merhaut@ucr.edu; donald.merhaut@ucr.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 937 EP 937 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800327 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, V Cantrell, CL Ebelhar, MW Coker, C Evans, WB AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho Cantrell, Charles L. Ebelhar, M. Wayne Coker, Christine Evans, William B. TI Quality assessment and yield of baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) grown at multiple locations across Mississippi SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Verona, MS USA. USDA ARS, University, MS USA. Mississippi State Univ, Stoneville, MS USA. Mississippi State Univ, Poplarville, MS USA. Mississippi State Univ, Crystal Springs, MS USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu; clcantr1@olemiss.edu; webelhar@drec.msstate.edu; ccoker@ra.msstate.edu; wbe@ra.ms-state.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 938 EP 939 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800334 ER PT J AU Bi, G Scagel, C Fuchigami, L Regan, R AF Bi, Guihong Scagel, Carolyn Fuchigami, Leslie Regan, Richard TI Autumn application of foliar urea alters winter storage, and nitrogen uptake and growth of container-grown rhododendron and azalea the following spring SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Crystal Springs, MS USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Aurora, OR USA. EM gb250@msstate.edu; scagelc@onid.orst.edu; fuchigal@science.oregonstate.edu; rich.regan@oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 939 EP 939 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800337 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF Kelley, RY Rajasekaran, K AF Sakhanokho, Hamidou F. Kelley, Rowena Y. Rajasekaran, Kanniah TI High efficiency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in suspension cultures of an ornamental ginger hybrid (Hedychium muluense x cv 'Starburst') SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. EM hsakhanokho@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; RKelley@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; krajah@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 941 EP 941 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800345 ER PT J AU Krizek, D Camp, M Clark, D Teasdale, J Davis, M Butler, B AF Krizek, Donald Camp, Mary Clark, David Teasdale, John Davis, Mark Butler, Bryan TI Insect and disease challenges encountered during the third year of high tunnel organic production at Beltsville, Maryland SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, BAOD, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Donald.Krizek@ars.usda.gov; Mary.Camp@ars.usda.gov; Dave.Clark@ars.usda.gov; John.Teasdale@ars.usda.gov; Mark.Davis@ars.usda.gov; bbutlers@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 953 EP 953 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800393 ER PT J AU Wang, S Chen, CT Sciarappa, W Wang, C AF Wang, Shiow Chen, Chi-Tsun Sciarappa, William Wang, Chien TI Cultural practices affect fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in blueberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM Wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov; Chenc@ba.ars.usda.gov; sciarappa@rcre.rutgers.edu; Wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 958 EP 958 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800414 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Zhang, XP Lu, GP Huan, J AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Zhang, Xingping Lu, Guiping Huan, Jin TI Grafting increases lycopene in seedless watermelon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Woodland, CA USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Naples, FL USA. EM Pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org; Xingping.zhang@syngenta.com; Guiping.lu@syngenta.com; Jin.huan@syngenta.com NR 0 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 959 EP 959 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800416 ER PT J AU Wycislo, A Clark, J Owens, C AF Wycislo, Andrew Clark, John Owens, Christopher TI Identification of quantitative trait loci responsible for fruit shape and other phenotypic characters in hybrid table grapes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY USA. EM awycisl@uark.edu; jrclark@uark.edu; Chris.Owens@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 961 EP 961 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800426 ER PT J AU Jenderek, MM Ambruzs, B Holman, G Skogerboe, D Staats, E Turner, M Ellis, D AF Jenderek, M. M. Ambruzs, B. Holman, G. Skogerboe, D. Staats, E. Turner, M. Ellis, Dave TI Germplasm preservation of vegetatively propagated crops at theNational center for genetic resources preservation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, NCGRP, Plant Genet Resources Preservat Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM maria.jenderek@ars.usda.gov; barbara.ambruzs@ars.usda.gov; gregory.holman@ars.usda.gov; dianne.skogerboe@ars.usda.gov; elise.staats@ars.usda.gov; marie.turner@ars.usda.gov; dave.ellis@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 962 EP 963 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800431 ER PT J AU Brevis, P Hancock, J Rowland, LJ AF Brevis, Patricio Hancock, James Rowland, Lisa J. TI Development of a genetic linkage map for tetraploid highbush blueberry using SSR and EST-PCR markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. EM brevis@msu.edu; hancock@msu.edu; rowlandj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 963 EP 963 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800434 ER PT J AU Palumbo, R Hu, J AF Palumbo, Rose Hu, Jinguo TI Identifying a core pelargonium collection using molecular markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Toledo, OH USA. EM palumbo.27@osu.edu; huj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 963 EP 963 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800433 ER PT J AU Wang, X Gann, A Reed, S Windham, M Trigiano, R AF Wang, Xinwang Gann, Ashley Reed, Sandra Windham, Mark Trigiano, Robert TI Identification of interspecific hybrids between Cornus kousa and C. florida L. using SSR markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Jefferson Cty High Sch, Jefferson, TN USA. USDA ARS, Nursery Crops Res Stn, Mcminnville, TN USA. EM xinwang@utk.edu; amgpatriot@bellsouth.net; sreed@blomand.net; mwindham@utk.edu; rtrigian@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 964 EP 964 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800436 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Wang, XW Rinehart, TA AF Wadl, Phillip A. Wang, Xinwang Rinehart, Tim A. TI Development of microsatellite (SSR) markers from kousa dogwood SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu; xinwang@utk.edu; trinehart@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 970 EP 971 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800463 ER PT J AU Li, YH Windham, M Trigiano, R Windham, A Reed, S Mmbaga, M Spiers, J Rinehart, T AF Li, Yonghao Windham, Mark Trigiano, Robert Windham, Alan Reed, Sandra Mmbaga, Margaret Spiers, James Rinehart, Timothy TI Resistance to powdery mildew in hydrangeas SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Nashville, TN USA. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Mcminnville, TN USA. Tennessee State Univ, Mcminnville, TN USA. EM yli20@utk.edu; mwindham@utk.edu; rtrigian@utk.edu; awindha1@utk.edu; Sandra.Reed@ars.usda.gov; mmmbaga@tnstate.edu; jspiers@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; trinehart@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 971 EP 972 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800467 ER PT J AU Ma, H Griesbach, R Pooler, M AF Ma, Hongmei Griesbach, Robert Pooler, Margaret TI Studies of anthocyanin regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis using a transient expression system SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Hongmei.Ma@ars.usda.gov; robert.griesbach@ars.usda.gov; Margaret.Pooler@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 971 EP 971 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800465 ER PT J AU Chen, CT Wang, S Wang, C AF Chen, Chi-Tsun Wang, Shiow Wang, Chien TI UV treatment enhances flavonoid content in blueberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Chenc@ba.ars.usda.gov; Wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov; Wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 980 EP 981 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800502 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Arpaia, ML Margosan, D Slaughter, D Thompson, J Collin, S Sievert, J Fjeld, K AF Obenland, David Arpaia, Mary Lu Margosan, Dennis Slaughter, David Thompson, Jim Collin, Sue Sievert, Jim Fjeld, Kent TI Exposure to ultraviolet light as a means of predicting damage in oranges exposed to freezing conditions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Parlier, CA USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Parlier, CA USA. EM dobenland@fresno.ars.usda.gov; arpaia@uckac.edu; dmargosan@fresno.ars.usda.gov; dcslaughter@ucdavis.edu; jfthompson@ucdavis.edu; collin@uckac.edu; sievert@uckac.edu; field@uckac.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 980 EP 980 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800501 ER PT J AU McCollum, G Maul, P Guy, C Porat, R AF McCollum, Greg Maul, Pilar Guy, Charles Porat, Ron TI Temperature conditioning alters transcript abundance of genes related to chilling stress in grapefruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Agr Res Org, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM gmccollum@bushrl.ars; pmaul@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; clguy@ufl.edu; rporat@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 981 EP 982 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800507 ER PT J AU Rudell, D Mattheis, J AF Rudell, David Mattheis, Jim TI Alteration of 'Granny Smith' Apple peel metabolic profiles by postharvest UV/visible irradiation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA USA. EM rudell@tfrl.ars.usda.gov; mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 981 EP 981 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800503 ER PT J AU Saftner, R Polashock, J Ehlenfeldt, M AF Saftner, Robert Polashock, James Ehlenfeldt, Mark TI Analytical and sensory quality characteristics of twelve blueberry cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Chatsworth, NJ USA. EM saftnerr@ba.ars.usda.gov; jpolashock@ars.usda.1-ov; mehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 982 EP 982 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800508 ER PT J AU Wall, M Follett, P Armstrong, J AF Wall, Marisa Follett, Peter Armstrong, John TI Potential heat treatments for quarantine security of exotic tropical fruits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Hilo, HI USA. EM mwall@pbarc.ars.usda.gov; pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov; jarmstrong@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 982 EP 982 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800510 ER PT J AU Olsen, RT Whittemore, AT AF Olsen, Richard T. Whittemore, Alan T. TI Open problems in Celtis L. (Cannabaceae) breeding SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC USA. EM Richard.Olsen@ars.usda.gov; Alan.Whittemore@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 987 EP 987 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800527 ER PT J AU Ingram, DM Fain, GB Gilliam, CH Boyer, CR Hudson, PM Crouse, KK AF Ingram, David M. Fain, Glenn B. Gilliam, Charles H. Boyer, Cheryl R. Hudson, Peter M. Crouse, K. Kieth TI Comparison of organic and inorganic substrates in greenhouse tomato production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Crystal Springs, MS USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM davidi@ext.msstate.edu; gfain@ars.usda.gov; gillic1@auburn.edu; boyercr@auburn.edu; phudson@ra.msstate.edu; keithc@ext.msstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 989 EP 989 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800536 ER PT J AU Parfitt, D Hua, SST Gee, W Ly, SB Almehdi, A Chan, H Braga, M Martin-Duvall, T Holtz, B AF Parfitt, Dan Hua, Sui Sheng T. Gee, Wai, Jr. Ly, Siov Bouy Almehdi, Ali Chan, Helen Braga, Mike Martin-Duvall, Tome Holtz, Brent TI Control pistachio fungal pathogens with biocontrol yeast SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Albany, CA USA. EM deparfitt@ucdavis.edu; ssth@pw.usda.gov; wgeemail@gmail.com; sbly@pw.usda.gov; aaalmehdi@ucdavis.edu; hmchan@ucdavis.edu; bragafarms@yahoo.com; tmmartinduvall@ucdavis.edu; baholtz@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 991 EP 992 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800545 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, M Bassett, C Norelli, J Macarisin, D Gasic, K Korban, S AF Wisniewski, Michael Bassett, Carole Norelli, John Macarisin, Dumitru Gasic, Ksenija Korban, Schuyler TI Expressed-sequence tag (EST) analysis of the response of apple (Malus x domestica) to low temperature and water deficit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Michael.Wisniewski@ars.usda.gov; Carole.Bassett@ars.usda.gov; john.norelli@ars.usda.gov; dumitru.macarisin@ars.usda.gov; gasic@uiuc.edu; korban@uiuc.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 993 EP 993 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800551 ER PT J AU Pittcock, JK Young, RB AF Pittcock, J. K. Young, Robert B. TI Trials and tribulations of developing a regional farmers' market SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. USDA, NRCS, Jonesboro, AR USA. EM kpittcoc@astate.edu; robert.young@ar.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1001 EP 1001 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800584 ER PT J AU Valdez-Aguilar, LA Poss, J Grieve, C AF Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A. Poss, James Grieve, Catherine TI Response of Ranunculus asiaticus to irrigation with saline water in hydroponics SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USSL, USDA ARS, Riverside, CA USA. EM lvaldez@ussl.ars.usda.gov; jposs@ussl.ars.usda.gov; cgrieve@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis/A-6668-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1002 EP 1002 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800587 ER PT J AU Valdez-Aguilar, LA Grieve, C Poss, J AF Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A. Grieve, Catherine Poss, James TI Growth of lisianthus, Eustoma grandiflorum, as affected by irrigation with saline water SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USSL, USDA ARS, Riverside, CA USA. EM lvaldez@ussl.ars.usda.gov; cgrieve@ussl.ars.usda.gov; jposs@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1002 EP 1002 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800586 ER PT J AU Stommel, J Griesbach, R AF Stommel, John Griesbach, Robert TI Inheritance of value-added traits in Capsicum SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD USA. EM john.stommel@ars.usda.gov; robert.griesbach@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1006 EP 1006 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800603 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE Durst, R AF Hummer, Kim E. Durst, Robert TI Fruit anthocyanins in Vaccinium praestans Lamb. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM khummer@ars-grin.gov; bob.durst@oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1008 EP 1008 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800610 ER PT J AU Levi, A Wechter, WP Davis, A Katzir, N Tadmor, YK Ling, KS Reddy, UOU AF Levi, Amnon Wechter, W. Patrick Davis, Angela Katzir, Nurit Tadmor, Yaacov Ling, Kai-shu Reddy, Umesh O. U. TI Interspecific transferability of watermelon EST-SSR markers in cucurbit species SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. Agr Res Org, Ramat Yishay, Israel. W Virginia State Univ, Institute, WV USA. EM alevi@saa.ars.usda.gov; wpwechter@saa.ars.usda.gov; adavis-usda@lane-ag.org; katzim@volcani.agri.gov.il; tadmory@volcani.agri.gov.il; kling@saa.ars.usda.gov; ureddy@wvstateu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1012 EP 1012 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800628 ER PT J AU Cuevas, HE Staub, JE Simmon, P McCreight, JD Zalapa, JE AF Cuevas, Hugo E. Staub, Jack E. Simmon, Philipp McCreight, James D. Zalapa, Juan E. TI Carotenoid pathway genes and accumulation of beta-carotene in Cucumis melo L. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. EM hcuevas@wisc.edu; jestaub@facstaff.wisc.edu; psimon@wisc.edu; jmccreight@pw.ars.usda.gov; jezalapa@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1013 EP 1014 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800633 ER PT J AU McCreight, JD Coffey, MD AF McCreight, James D. Coffey, Michael D. TI Resistance to a new race of the cucurbit powdery mildew present in Arizona and California SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jmccreight@pw.ars.usda.gov; m_d_coffey@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1013 EP 1013 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800632 ER PT J AU Hwang, BH Gross, K Kim, J AF Hwang, Byung-Ho Gross, Kenneth Kim, Jongkee TI Characterization of the gene encoding radish (Raphanus sativus L.) PG-inhibiting protein SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Chung Ang Univ, Gyeonggido, South Korea. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. EM bhhwang0915@empal.com; kcgross@comcast.net; jkkim@cau.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1014 EP 1015 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800637 ER PT J AU Baldwin, E Plotto, A Narciso, J Goodner, K AF Baldwin, Elizabeth Plotto, Anne Narciso, Jan Goodner, Kevin TI Instrumental evaluation of flavor components, color, and firmness of tomato 'Florida' 47: effect of maturity, storage temperature, and 1-MCP SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov; plotto@citrus.usda.gov; jan@citrus.usda.gov; goodner@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1018 EP 1019 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800654 ER PT J AU Frantz, J Runkle, E Blanchard, M Locke, J Krause, C AF Frantz, Jonathan Runkle, Erik Blanchard, Matthew Locke, James Krause, Charles TI Virtual grower: Estimating greenhouse energy costs and plant growth using new computer software SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Toledo, OH USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. EM jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu; runkleer@msu.edu; mgblanch@msu.edu; james.locke@utoledo.edu; krause.2@osu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1018 EP 1018 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800651 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Baldwin, E Goodner, K AF Plotto, Anne Baldwin, Elizabeth Goodner, Kevin TI Sensory evaluation quality of tomato 'Florida' 47: Effect of maturity, storage temperature, and 1-MCP SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM plotto@citrus.usda.gov; ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov; jan@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1018 EP 1018 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800653 ER PT J AU Lester, G Saftner, R Hodges, DM AF Lester, Gene Saftner, Robert Hodges, D. Mark TI Quality comparisons among orange-fleshed honey dew genotypes following storage SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada. EM glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov; saftnerr@ba.ars.usda.gov; hodgesm@em.agr.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1019 EP 1019 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800656 ER PT J AU Marshall, D Spiers, J Stringer, S AF Marshall, Donna Spiers, James Stringer, Stephen TI Predicting berry splitting indices in rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries using fruit firmness as an indicator SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. EM DAMarshall@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; jspiers@msa-stonevills.ars.usda.gov; sjstringer@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1020 EP 1020 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800661 ER PT J AU Shrefler, J Perkins-Veazie, P Taylor, M Goodson, T AF Shrefler, James Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Taylor, Merritt Goodson, Tony TI Short-term storage options for fresh-market onions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Lane, OK USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. EM jim.shrefler@Pokstate.edu; pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org; pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org; tgoodson-okstate@lane-ag.org NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1020 EP 1020 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800660 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Machado, R AF Bryla, David R. Machado, Rui TI Nitrogen fertigation is less efficient but safer than granular fertilizer application in newly planted blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. Univ Evora, P-7002554 Evora, Portugal. EM brylad@onid.orst.edu; rmam@uevora.pt NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1021 EP 1021 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800662 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, M Martin, R AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark Martin, Robert, Jr. TI Interactions of pollination, seed set, berry weight, and yield in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum l.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Chatsworth, NJ USA. EM mark.ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov; robert.martin@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1021 EP 1021 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800663 ER PT J AU Black, BL Frisby, JW Lewers, KS Takeda, F AF Black, Brent L. Frisby, James W. Lewers, Kim S. Takeda, Fumiomi TI A heat-unit model for predicting blackberry flowering time SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV USA. EM blackb@ext.usu.edu; frisby@mendel.usu.edu; lewersk@ba.ars.usda.gov; ftakeda@afrs.ars.usda RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1022 EP 1022 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800666 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Kaufman, D Strik, BC AF Bryla, David R. Kaufman, Diane Strik, Bernadine C. TI Effects of irrigation method and level of water application on fruit size and yield during the first year of production in red raspberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Aurora, CO USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM brylad@onid.orst.edu; kaufman@oregonstate.edu; strikb@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 1022 EP 1022 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800667 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, TK Nagao, MA Mackey, B AF Matsumoto, Tracie K. Nagao, Mike A. Mackey, Bruce TI Off-season flower induction of longan with potassium chlorate, sodium chlorite, and sodium hypochlorite SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dimocarpus longan; bleach; subtropical fruit tree; dragon eye; Sapindaceae ID BINDWEED AB Flower induction of longan (Dimocarpus longan) with potassium chlorate has improved the availability of longan fruit, but potassium chlorate is potentially explosive and often difficult to purchase, transport, and store. Previous reports suggested that hypochlorite enhances natural longan flower induction. This study is the first to demonstrate that chlorite- and hypochlorite- (bleach) induced off-season longan flowering is similar to chlorate-treated trees. Hypochlorite induction of flowering with bleach was likely the result of chlorate in the bleach solution. Chlorate was present in the leachate from potted longan trees treated with bleach and was detected in bleach before soil application. The quantity of chlorate found in bleach induced flowering to the same or greater extent as equivalent quantities of potassium chlorate, suggesting chlorate is an ad. responsible for longan flowering. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Matsumoto, TK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM tmatsumoto@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 296 EP 300 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 178VL UT WOS:000247248100004 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Saftner, RA Hodges, DM AF Lester, Gene E. Saftner, Robert A. Hodges, D. Mark TI Market quality attributes of orange-fleshed, non-netted honey dew melon genotypes following different growing seasons and storage temperature durations SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; disorders; firmness; fruit size; marketability; maturity; peel and pulp color; postharvest; soluble solids concentration; sweetness ID FOLIAR POTASSIUM APPLICATIONS; BETA-CAROTENE; ASCORBIC-ACID; FRUITS; SUGAR AB Orange-fleshed honey dew (Cucumis melo L., Inodorus group) fruit are known for having superior food-safety, food-quality, and fruit-marketability attributes compared with orange-fleshed netted muskmelon (C melo, Reticulatus group) and to green-fleshed honey dew (C melo, Inodorus group) fruit. However, little is known about the production market attributes and postharvest quality comparisons of the leading orange-fleshed honey dew cultivars. Five orange-fleshed honey dew genotypes ('Honey Gold', 'Orange Delight', 'Orange Dew', 'Temptation', and a breeding line) were glasshouse-grown in both fall and spring, harvested at abscission (full-slip), and compared after storage for 3-24 days in air at 5 or 10 degrees C. Fruit maturity (full-slip) was between 31 and 38 days after anthesis, with maturation dependent on genotype. Days to maturity were slightly longer in the fall than in the spring. Fruit size (number of fruit per standard commercial shipping box) was between four and six fruit per box. 'Orange Dew' consistently had the smallest fruit (six per box), and the breeding line had the largest (four per box). 'Orange Delight' and 'Orange Dew' had the fewest whole-fruit disorders and the highest percentage of marketable fruit at harvest and following 24 days of storage at 5 or 10 degrees C. 'Orange Delight', 'Orange Dew', and the breeding line consistently had a more yellow peel, whereas 'Honey Gold' and 'Temptation' fruit peels had a more greenish hue. Whole-fruit firmness was 10-25 N among the cultivars and 24-35 N for the breeding line. Internal-fruit disorders, percentage marketability, and mesocarp (pulp) firmness reflected each genotype's whole-fruit attributes. 'Orange Delight' and 'Orange Dew' fruit consistently had among the highest soluble solids concentration and relative sweetness ratings, and their pulp had a more intense orange hue and lower lightness than those of the other genotypes. After 24 days of storage, 'Orange Delight' and 'Orange Dew' maintained their higher sweetness and more orange hue in both spring and fall harvests; however, depending on harvest, they were not always significantly sweeter or more orange-hued than some of the other genotypes. Our results indicate that orange-fleshed honey dew fruit are a promising new melon type suitable as a substitute for orange-fleshed netted muskmelon fruit not only for food-safety issues but also for overall marketable quality. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 346 EP 352 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 178VL UT WOS:000247248100014 ER PT J AU Cai, GW Cole, SA Haack, K Butte, NF Comuzzie, AG AF Cai, Guowen Cole, Shelley A. Haack, Karin Butte, Nancy F. Comuzzie, Anthony G. TI Bivariate linkage confirms genetic contribution to fetal origins of childhood growth and cardiovascular disease risk in Hispanic children SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE birth weight; heritability; genome wide scan; linkage analysis; obesity; childhood ID THRIFTY PHENOTYPE HYPOTHESIS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT; PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; POPULATION; OUTCOMES; OBESITY; LENGTH; TWINS AB Birth weight has been shown to be associated with obesity and metabolic diseases in adulthood, however, the genetic contribution is still controversial. The objective of this analysis is to explore the genetic contribution to the relationship between birth weight and later risk for obesity and metabolic diseases in Hispanic children. Subjects were 1,030 Hispanic children in the Viva La Familia Study. Phenotypes included body size, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, and liver enzymes. Birth weights were obtained from Texas birth certificates. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using SOLAR software. Birth weight was highly heritable, as were all other phenotypes. Phenotypically, birth weight was positively correlated to childhood body size parameters. Decomposition of these phenotypic correlations into genetic and environmental components revealed significant genetic correlations, ranging from 0.30 to 0.59. Negative genetic correlations were seen between birth weight and lipids. The genome scan of birth weight mapped to a region near marker D10S537 (LOD = 2.6). The bivariate genome-wide scan of birth weight and childhood weight or total cholesterol, improved the LOD score to 3.09 and 2.85, respectively. Chromosome 10q22 harbors genes influencing both birth weight and childhood body size and cardiovascular disease risk in Hispanic children. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. RP Cai, GW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM cai@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264] NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 121 IS 6 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1007/s00439-007-0366-7 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 178SC UT WOS:000247239400010 PM 17486370 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Zhan, XW AF Crow, Wade T. Zhan, Xiwu TI Continental-scale evaluation of remotely sensed soil moisture products SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave radiometry; moisture; rain; remote sensing ID PRECIPITATION AB A new data assimilation-based approach for the continental-scale evaluation of remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals is applied to four separate soil moisture products over the contiguous U.S. The approach is based on quantifying the ability of a given soil moisture product to correct for known rainfall errors when sequentially assimilated into a simple water balance model. Analysis results provide new insight into the continental-scale performance of surface soil moisture retrieval algorithms based on satellite passive microwave, scatterometer, and thermal remote sensing observations. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv Hydrol, Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv Hydrol, Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 NR 14 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2007.896533 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 191QX UT WOS:000248147200025 ER PT J AU Hornbuckle, BK England, AW Anderson, MC AF Hornbuckle, Brian K. England, Anthony W. Anderson, Martha C. TI The effect of intercepted precipitation on the microwave emission of maize at 1.4 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE microwave radiometry; soil moisture; vegetation; volume scattering ID SOIL-MOISTURE; VEGETATION; CANOPY; SATELLITE; WATER; SENSITIVITY; RETRIEVAL; MODEL AB Terrestrial microwave emission is sensitive to soil moisture. Soil moisture is an important yet unobserved reservoir of the hydrologic cycle linked to precipitation variability. Remote sensing satellites that observe terrestrial microwave emission have the potential to map the spatial and temporal variabilities of soil moisture on a global basis. Unfortunately, terrestrial microwave emission is also sensitive to water within the vegetation canopy, and the effect of free water residing on vegetation, either as intercepted precipitation or dew, is not clear. Current microwave emission models neglect the effect of free water. We found that the precipitation intercepted by a maize (corn) canopy increased its brightness temperature at 1.4 GHz. This effect is opposite that of dew: Dew decreases the brightness temperature of maize at 1.4 GHz. The increase in brightness temperature due to. the intercepted precipitation was only about I K for vertically polarized brightness temperature and about 3 K for horizontally polarized (H-pol) brightness temperature. It may be acceptable to neglect the effect of free water in microwave emission models. A more serious concern, however, is the underestimation, by current microwave emission models, of the sensitivity of the H-pol brightness temperature to soil moisture through maize. Understanding the physics associated with the effect of free water in vegetation on the emission, scattering, and attenuation of microwave radiation will lead to improved emission models, and potentially, models that correctly reproduce the sensitivity of the 1.4-GHz brightness temperature to soil moisture at high levels of biomass when vegetation effects are greatest. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hornbuckle, BK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bkh@iastate.edu; england@umich.edu; mcanders@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1988 EP 1995 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.894057 PN 1 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 186NC UT WOS:000247784400010 ER PT J AU Narvekar, PS Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Li, L Heygster, G Gaiser, P AF Narvekar, Parag S. Jackson, Thomas J. Bindlish, Raja Li, Li Heygster, Georg Gaiser, Peter TI Observations of land surface passive polarimetry with the WindSat instrument SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE microwave radiometry; polarimetric; soils; vegeation; WindSat ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER AB WindSat provides anopportunity to explore the passive microwave polarimetric signatures of land surfaces. In order to accommodate the large sensor footprint, large homogeneous regions with unique features were used. These included forest, rangeland, desert, and agricultural conditions. WindSat observations at horizontal and vertical polarizations over land surfaces were found to be well calibrated and consistent with other passive microwave sensors. Isotropic regions (e.g., Amazon rainforest) had in polarimetric response at all azimuth angles. Results showed hat land surfaces with aligned features (topography or row structured vegetation) produced systematic variations in the third and fourth Stokes parameters. These responses were found to be in, od agreement with previous sea surface studies. Analysis of the temporal trends of the variation in polarimetric measurements for a specific azimuth angle could be attributed to the crop growth cycle in the agricultural region. Further analyses will seek to solate specific features that could be used in applications such as soil moisture retrieval. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Narvekar, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2019 EP 2028 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.886963 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 186NC UT WOS:000247784400013 ER PT J AU Chiang, HI Zhou, HJ Raudsepp, T Jesudhasan, PR Zhu, JJ AF Chiang, Hsin-I Zhou, Huaijun Raudsepp, Terje Jesudhasan, Palmy R. Zhu, James J. TI Chicken CD69 and CD94/NKG2-like genes in a chromosomal region syntenic to mammalian natural killer gene complex SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE natural killer cells; NKC; chicken; C-type lectin-like receptor ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RECEPTORS; NK; CD94; RECOGNITION; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS; REVEALS; CELLS AB In mammals, natural killer (NK) cell C-type lectin receptors were encoded in a gene cluster called natural killer gene complex (NKC). The NKC is not reported in chicken yet. Instead, NK receptor genes were found in the major histocompatibility complex. In this study, two novel chicken C-type lectin-like receptor genes were identified in a region on chromosome 1 that is syntenic to mammalian NKC region. The chromosomal locations were validated with fluorescent in situ hybridization. Based on 3D structure modeling, sequence homology, chromosomal location, and phlylogenetic analysis, one receptor is the orthologue of mammalian cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69), and the other is highly homologous to CD94 and NKG2. Like CD94/NKG2 gene found in teleostean fishes, chicken CD94/NKG2 has the features of both human CD94 and NKG2A. Unlike mammalian NKC, these two chicken C-type lectin receptors are not closely linked but separated by 42 million base pairs according to the chicken draft genome sequence. The arrangement of several other genes that are located outside the mammalian NKC is conserved among chicken, human, and mouse. The chicken NK C-type lectin-like receptors in the NKC syntenic region indicate that this chromosomal region existed before the divergence between mammals and aves. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhu, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM James.Zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD JUL PY 2007 VL 59 IS 7 BP 603 EP 611 DI 10.1007/s00251-007-0220-z PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 180SO UT WOS:000247386300008 PM 17505822 ER PT J AU Pijut, PM Woeste, KE Veugadesan, G Michler, CH AF Pijut, Paula M. Woeste, Keith E. Veugadesan, G. Michler, Charles H. TI Technological advances in temperate hardwood tree improvement including breeding and molecular marker applications SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE clonal propagation; cryopreservation; forest genetics; genetic transformation; organogenesis; plantation forestry; regeneration; somatic embryogenesis ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; QUERCUS-ROBUR L.; CHESTNUT CASTANEA-SATIVA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; MATURE FAGUS-SYLVATICA; ASH FRAXINUS-EXCELSIOR; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT REGENERATION AB Hardwood forests and plantations are an important economic resource for the forest products industry worldwide and to the international trade of lumber and logs. Hardwood trees are also planted for ecological reasons, for example, wildlife habitat, native woodland restoration, and riparian buffers. The demand for quality hardwood from tree plantations will continue to rise as the worldwide consumption of forest products increases. Tree improvement of temperate hardwoods has lagged behind that of coniferous species and hardwoods of the genera Populus and Eucalyptus. The development of marker systems has become an almost necessary complement to the classical breeding and improvement of hardwood tree populations for superior growth, form, and timber characteristics. Molecular markers are especially valuable for determining the reproductive biology and population structure of natural forests and plantations, and the identity of genes affecting quantitative traits. Clonal reproduction of commercially important hardwood tree species provides improved planting stock for use in progeny testing and production forestry. Development of in vitro and conventional vegetative propagation methods allows mass production of clones of mature, elite genotypes or genetically improved genotypes. Genetic modification of hardwood tree species could potentially produce trees with herbicide tolerance, disease and pest resistance, improved wood quality, and reproductive manipulations for commercial plantations. This review concentrates on recent advances in conventional breeding and selection, molecular marker application, in vitro culture, and genetic transformation, and discusses the future challenges and opportunities for valuable temperate (or "fine") hardwood tree improvement. C1 USDA, HTIRC, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, HTIRC, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), USDA, HTIRC, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@fs.fed.us RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 293 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 283 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s11627-007-9026-9 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 204RW UT WOS:000249062700002 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Genovese, KJ He, H Li, MA Jiang, YW AF Kogut, M. H. Genovese, K. J. He, H. Li, M. A. Jiang, Y. W. TI The effects of the BT/TAMUS 2032 cationic peptides on innate immunity and susceptibility of young chickens to extraintestinal Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cationic peptides; heterophils; chickens; innate immunity; Salmonella ID AVIAN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; ORGAN INVASION; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITIES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; LEGHORN CHICKS; BETA-DEFENSIN; IN-VIVO; HETEROPHILS; LYMPHOKINES AB The BT/TAMUS 2032 (BT) cationic peptides are a group of related cationic peptides produced by a Gram-positive bacterium. Cationic amphiphilic peptides have been found to stimulate or prime the innate immune responses in mammals. The innate immune system of poultry is functionally inefficient during the first week post-hatch enabling pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) to invade and colonize the visceral organs of these immature birds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of BT as an immunostimulator of the innate immune response of young chickens. BT, provided as a feed additive at three different concentrations (12, 24, or 48 ppm) for 4 days post-hatch, significantly increased protection against SE organ invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. The functional efficiency of heterophils, the avian equivalent to mammalian neutrophils, isolated from chickens fed the BT rations at the three concentrations was significantly up-regulated when compared to heterophils isolated from chickens fed a control starter ration as determined with an array of functional assays. Phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation were all significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner in heterophils isolated from chickens fed the BT diets. This is the first report of bacterial cationic peptides inducing the up-regulation of the avian innate immune response and providing protection against extraintestinal Salmonella infections. The significance of these data is that the orally delivered cationic peptides stimulate the innate response at a time of immunologic inefficiency and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections (first week post-hatch). Because of the nonspecific nature of the innate response, we speculate that BT given as a feed additive during the first week post-hatch could provide increased protection against a variety of bacterial pathogens. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Biochem & Genet, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. UNTHSC, Dept Cell Biol & Genet, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-5769 J9 INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL JI Int. Immunopharmacol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 912 EP 919 DI 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.02.011 PG 8 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 176UF UT WOS:000247109700004 PM 17499193 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Hiott, LM Woodley, TA AF Jackson, Charlene R. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Barrett, John B. Hiott, Lari M. Woodley, Tiffanie A. TI Prevalence of streptogramin resistance in enterococci from animals: identification of vatD from animal sources in the USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE streptogramins; vatD; enterococci; animals; vatE ID POULTRY PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT; CHICKENS FED VIRGINIAMYCIN; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; QUINUPRISTIN-DALFOPRISTIN; GROWTH PROMOTERS; HUMAN HEALTH; FAECIUM; ANTIBIOTICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DETERMINANTS AB There is considerable debate over the contribution of virginiamycin use in animals to quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) resistance in humans. In this study, the prevalence and mechanisms of streptogramin resistance in enterococci from animals and the environment were investigated. From 2000-2004, enterococci from samples were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Q/D-resistant isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration, 14 mu g/mL) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers for streptogramin resistance genes (ermB, msrC, vatD and vatE). From the analysis, 1029/6227 (17%) Q/D-resistant non-Enterococcus faecalis enterococci were identified. The majority of Q/Dresistant isolates were Enterococcus hirae (n = 349; 34%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (n = 27 1; 26%) and Enterococcus faecium (n = 259; 25%). Using PCR, 55.5% (n = 57 1) were positive for ermB, 3% (n = 34) for msrC, 2% (n = 20) for vatE and 0.3% (n = 3) for vatD; 39% (n = 401) were negative for all four genes. The vatD-positive samples comprised two E. faecium from chicken and one E. hirae from swine. The nucleotide sequence of vatD from the three isolates was 100% homologous to published vatD sequences. These data indicate that Q/D resistance among enterococci from animals remains low despite the long history of virginiamycin use. To date, this is the first report of vatD from enterococci in animals in the USA. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society of Chemotherapy C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance R, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance R, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM charlene.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.010 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 185IJ UT WOS:000247704300011 PM 17532190 ER PT J AU Pikuta, EV Marsic, D Itoh, T Bej, AK Tang, J Whitman, WB Ng, JD Garriott, OK Hoover, RB AF Pikuta, Elena V. Marsic, Damien Itoh, Takashi Bej, Asim K. Tang, Jane Whitman, William B. Ng, Joseph D. Garriott, Owen K. Hoover, Richard B. TI Thermococcus thioreducens sp nov., a novel hyperthermophilic, obligately sulfur-reducing archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; WESTERN SIBERIA; OIL-RESERVOIR; MONO LAKE; ARCHAEBACTERIUM; CALIFORNIA; REPRESENTS; REDUCTION; POSITION AB A hyperthermophilic, sulfur-reducing, organo-heterotrophic archaeon, strain OGL-20P(T), was isolated from 'black smoker' chimney material from the Rainbow hydrothermal vent site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36.2 degrees N, 33.9 degrees W). The cells of strain OGL-20P(T) have an irregular coccoid shape and are motile with a single flagellum. Growth was observed within a pH range of 5.0-8.5 (optimum pH 7.0), an NaCl concentration range of 1-5% (w/v) (optimum 3%) and a temperature range of 55-94 degrees C (optimum 83-85 degrees C). The novel isolate is strictly anaerobic and obligately dependent upon elemental sulfur as an electron acceptor, but it does not reduce sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, Fe(III) or nitrate. Proteolysis products (peptone, bacto-tryptone, Casamino acids and yeast extract) are utilized as substrates during sulfur reduction. Strain OGL-20P(T) is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and gentamicin, but sensitive to tetracycline and rifampicin. The G + C content of the DNA is 52.9 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain OGL-20P(T) is closely related to Thermococcus coalescens and related species, but no significant homology by DNA-DNA hybridization was observed between those species and the new isolate. On the basis of physiological and molecular properties of the new isolate, we conclude that strain OGL-20P(T) represents a new separate species within the genus Thermococcus, for which we propose the name Thermococcus thioreducens sp. nov. The type strain is OGL-20P(T) (=JCM 12859(T) =DSM 14981(T) =ATCC BAA-394(T)). C1 NASA, NSSTC, Astrobiol Lab, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Univ Alabama, Struct Biol Lab, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RIKEN, BioResource Ctr, Japan Collect Microorganisms, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USDA, Monitoring Programs Off, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. UAH, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Pikuta, EV (reprint author), NASA, NSSTC, Astrobiol Lab, VP62,320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM elenapikuta@hotmail.com RI Marsic, Damien/A-1087-2009 OI Marsic, Damien/0000-0003-0847-8095 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 BP 1612 EP 1618 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.65057-0 PN 7 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 195SR UT WOS:000248432500046 PM 17625204 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Salassi, M Richard, E Birkett, H AF Eggleston, Gillian Salassi, Michael Richard, Ed Birkett, Harold TI Sustainability of the sugar industry: Future value addition from sugarcane SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc ID RAW-MATERIALS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; STARCH AB With changing sugar markets in the US. and around the world, innovation and environmental protection through value-addition and diversification will be crucial for the sustainability of the sugarcane industry. Commercial sucrose has very high purity (>99.9 %) making it the purest organic substance produced on an industrial scale. Several value-added commodity products are currently produced from sucrose by chemical or biotechnological derivatization. These products include oligo- and polysaccharides for specialty markets, surfactants and citric, gluconic, and lactic acids for the food sector. Increasing use of biotechnological methods to derivatize the sucrose molecule is envisaged, to add special functionalities to the sucrose products like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, which are becoming important in the emerging bio-economy. The sugarcane industry is currently faced with the reality that sugar, molasses, and bagasse can no longer be regarded as the final products of a factory or refinery. Instead, the sugar industry should be regarded as a biomass-based industry that is not only equipped to manufacture products for the food sector, but also value-added biofuels, energy, and chemicals for the non-food sector. Sugarcane fits well into the emerging concept of a renewable carbohydrate feedstock because of its availability, and because it is amongst the plants giving the highest yields of carbohydrates per hectare. Commercialization of value-added products of sugarcane, such as fuel ethanol will depend mostly on economic factors, such as government subsidies. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Houma, LA 70360 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Audubon Sugar Inst, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1303 BP 415 EP + PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 191CN UT WOS:000248107500012 ER PT J AU Bajwa, SG Vories, ED AF Bajwa, Sreekala G. Vories, Earl D. TI Spatial analysis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) canopy responses to irrigation in a moderately humid area SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROP WATER-STRESS; TEMPERATURE; CORN; VARIABILITY; INDICATOR AB Accurate irrigation scheduling is important to ensure maximum yield and optimal water use in irrigated cotton. This study hypothesizes that cotton water stress in relatively humid areas can be detected from crop stress indices derived from canopy reflectance or temperature. Field experiments were conducted in the 2003 and 2004 crop seasons with three irrigation treatments and multiple cultivars to study cotton response to water stress. The experiment plots were monitored for soil water potential (SWP), canopy reflectance and canopy temperature. Four crop stress indices namely normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), green NDVI (GNDVI), stress time (ST) index and crop water stress index (CWSI) were evaluated for their ability to indicate water stress. These indices were analyzed with classic mixed regression models and spatial regression models for split-plot design. Rainfall was plentiful in both seasons, providing conditions representative of irrigated agriculture in relatively wet regions. Under such wet weather conditions, excessive irrigation decreased lint yield, indicating the necessity for accurate irrigation scheduling. The four crop stress indices showed significant responses to irrigation treatments and strong correlation to SWP at shallow (0.2 m) depth. Spatial regression models were able to accurately explain the effect of irrigation treatment, while classic split-plot ANOVA models were confounded by collinearity in data across space and time. The results also verified that extreme humidity can mask canopy temperature differences with respect to ambient temperature, adding errors to canopy temperature-based stress indicators. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Bajwa, SG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM sgbajwa@uark.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s00271-006-0058-4 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 186NJ UT WOS:000247785100011 ER PT J AU Rohrbach, BW Sheerin, PC Cantrell, CK Matthews, PM Steiner, JV Dodds, LE AF Rohrbach, Barton W. Sheerin, Peter C. Cantrell, Charles K. Matthews, Phillip M. Steiner, John V. Dodds, Lewis E. TI Effect of adjunctive treatment with intravenously administered Propionibacterium acnes on reproductive performance in mares with persistent endometritis SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC UTERINE INFECTION; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS; POSTBREEDING ENDOMETRITIS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; RESISTANT; IMMUNOSTIMULANT; CLOPROSTENOL; INTERFERON; LEUKOCYTES AB Objective-To determine whether treatment with a preparation of Propionibacterium acnes would improve pregnancy and live foal rates in mares with persistent endometritis. Design-Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Animals-95 mares with a cytologic diagnosis of persistent endometritis. Procedures-Mares were treated with P acnes or placebo (both administered IV) on days 0, 2, and 6. No attempt was made to alter additional treatments administered by attending veterinarians. Information on breeding history, physical examination findings, results of cytologic examination and microbial culture of uterine samples, additional treatments administered, breeding dates, results of pregnancy examinations, whether a live foal was produced, and reactions to treatment was recorded. Results-In multivariate logistic regression models, mare age, year of entry into the study, and first breeding within 8 days after first treatment with P acnes or placebo were significantly associated with pregnancy. Fewer number of cycles bred and younger age were significantly associated with delivery of a live foal in a separate multivariate analysis. Results of multivariate logistic regression modeling indicated that mares treated with P acnes were more likely to become pregnant and to deliver a live foal, compared with placebo-treated controls. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-IV administration of P acnes as an adjunct to conventional treatments in mares with a cytologic diagnosis of persistent endometritis improved pregnancy and live foal rates. The optimal effect was detected in mares bred during the interval extending from 2 days before to 8 days after first treatment with P acnes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Comparat Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Rood & Riddle Equine Hosp, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Ocala Equine Associates, Ocala, FL 34482 USA. Peter & Smith Equine Hosp, Ocala, FL USA. Hagyard Equine Med Inst, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Neogen Corp, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Paducah, KY USA. RP Rohrbach, BW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Comparat Med, POB 1071, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 231 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.2460/javma.231.1.107 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 184QU UT WOS:000247657600030 PM 17605673 ER PT J AU Bebak, JA Welch, TJ Starliper, CE Baya, AM Garner, MM AF Bebak, Julie A. Welch, Timothy J. Starliper, Clifford E. Baya, Ana M. Garner, Michael M. TI Improved husbandry to control an outbreak of rainbow trout fry syndrome caused by infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eastern Fish Health Workshop CY MAR, 2004 CL Shepherdstown, WA ID COLUMNARIS AB Case Description-A cohort of 35,200, 13-week-old, female rainbow trout at a fish farm was evaluated because of a 2-week history of anorexia and lethargy and a mortality rate of approximately 100 fish/d. Clinical Findings-Affected fish were lethargic and thin and had disequilibrium, bilateral exophthalmia, pale red gills and kidneys, red-tinged coelomic fluid, and pale brown livers. Some fish were differentially pigmented bilaterally. The presumptive diagnosis was bacterial or viral septicemia. The definitive diagnosis was rainbow trout fry syndrome caused by infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Treatment and Outcome-A strategy for controlling the outbreak based on reducing pathogen numbers in affected tanks and reducing pathogen spread among tanks was developed. The option of treating with anti microbial-medicated feed was discussed with the farmer, but was declined. After changes were made, mortality rate declined quickly, with no more deaths within 10 days after the initial farm visit. Clinical Relevance Bacterial coldwater disease is the most common manifestation of infection with F psychrophilum in fingerling and adult rainbow trout. However, the organism can also cause rainbow trout fry syndrome. This condition should be included on a list of differential diagnoses for septicemia in hatchery-reared rainbow trout fry. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Inst Freshwater, Shepherdstown, WV USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NW ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. RP Bebak, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 231 IS 1 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.2460/javma.231.1.114 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 184QU UT WOS:000247657600031 PM 17605674 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Abd-Rabou, S AF Simmons, Alvin M. Abd-Rabou, Shaaban TI Survey of Natural Enemies of the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Ten Vegetable Crops in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; biological control; predator; parasitoid; vegetable; sweetpotato whitefly; Encarsia; Eretmocerus AB The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a worldwide pest in diverse agroecosystems. There are numerous species of predators and parasitoids that are associated with this pest. Climate and species of vegetation can dramatically affect the distribution and incidence of these natural enemies. A field survey was conducted to determine the incidence of the primary natural enemies of B. tabaci in 10 vegetable crops in Egypt. Fifteen species of natural enemies of B. tabaci were observed, including 5 species of predators and 10 species of parasitoids. Coccinella septempunctata L. was the most commonly found predator, and it was found in four of the crops. The parasitoids consisted of four species of Encarsia and six species of Eretmocerus which represents 71% of the known aphelinid parasitoid species of B. tabaci in Egypt. Eretmocerus aegypticus Evans and Abd-Rabou was the most commonly encountered parasitoid species; it was found in five of the crops. To date, this species has only been reported in Egypt. These results help define the diversity of natural enemies of B. tabaci among vegetable crops. C1 [Simmons, Alvin M.] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Abd-Rabou, Shaaban] Plant Protect Res Inst, ARC, Minist Agr, Giza, Egypt. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alvin.simmons@ars.usda.gov OI Abd-Rabou, Shaaban/0000-0002-9162-7057 FU U.S.-Egyptian Science and Technology [OTH8-022-001]; USDA [OTH8-022-001]; Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture [OTH8-022-001] FX Appreciation is given to Jesusa C. Legaspi and Tong-Xian Liu for their suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. This publication is sponsored by the U.S.-Egyptian Science and Technology Joint Fund in cooperation with the USDA and Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture under Project Number OTH8-022-001. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by USDA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.3954/1523-5475-24.3.137 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V10WU UT WOS:000207494900004 ER PT J AU Porch, TG Bernsten, R Rosas, JC Jahn, M AF Porch, Timothy G. Bernsten, Richard Rosas, Juan Carlos Jahn, Molly TI Climate change and the potential economic benefits of heat-tolerant bean varieties for farmers in Aticintida, Honduras SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE climate change; cost benefit analysis; heat tolerance; Phaseolus vulgaris; plant breeding ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; STRESS AB Rising ambient air temperatures, migration, and deforestation threaten the sustainability of hillside agriculture in Atlantida, Honduras. Currently, farmers avoid climatic constraints to common bean production by planting at different altitudes during different seasons. However, this practice may become less effective because of climatic change.The analysis of historical weather data from 14 weather stations indicates that Honduras is undergoing climatic warming and GIS analysis shows a significant proportion of bean production under high temperature stress conditions. Farmers in ten villages in Atlantida, five at a lower altitude and five at a higher altitude, were interviewed in regard to their knowledge and experience with climatic change and bean production. Differences in bean production and yield between the low altitude and high altitude villages were attributed mainly to climatic constraints, due to differences in elevation. Under base scenario assumptions, a cost/benefit analysis indicates that the development and introduction of heat-tolerant bean varieties could produce significant returns and help to alleviate heat-related constraints on bean production. C1 [Porch, Timothy G.] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Bernsten, Richard] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rosas, Juan Carlos] Escuela Agr Panaamer Zamorano, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Jahn, Molly] Coll Agr & Life Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Porch, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 133 EP 148 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 290EN UT WOS:000255106200004 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Franqui, RA Salazar, A AF Pantoja, Alberto Franqui, Rosa A. Salazar, Amparo TI Recovery of plaesius javanus erichson from plantains in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article ID WEEVIL; PESTS C1 [Pantoja, Alberto] USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Franqui, Rosa A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Agr Expt Stn, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 290EN UT WOS:000255106200012 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Hernandez, E Macchiavelli, R AF Pantoja, Alberto Hernandez, Evelio Macchiavelli, Raul TI Seasonal abundance of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera : Tephritidae) from citrus in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; MANGO C1 [Pantoja, Alberto] USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hernandez, Evelio] Agr Expt Stn, Adjuntas, PR USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 221 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 290EN UT WOS:000255106200013 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Abreu, E Pena, J Robles, W AF Pantoja, Alberto Abreu, Edwin Pena, Jorge Robles, Wilfredo TI Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) affecting papaya in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article C1 [Pantoja, Alberto] USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Abreu, Edwin] Dept Crop Protect, Agr Expt Stn, Isabela, PR USA. [Pena, Jorge] Univ Florida, TREC, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Robles, Wilfredo] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 225 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 290EN UT WOS:000255106200014 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Stansly, P Rouse, B Hernandez, E Libran, MD Ortiz, J AF Pantoja, Alberto Stansly, Phil Rouse, Bob Hernandez, Evelio Libran, Maria del Carmen Ortiz, Juan TI Pseudaulacaspis pentagona from peaches in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article C1 [Pantoja, Alberto] USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stansly, Phil; Rouse, Bob] Univ Florida, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. [Hernandez, Evelio; Ortiz, Juan] Univ Puerto Rico, Agr Expt Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Libran, Maria del Carmen] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Hort, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 228 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 290EN UT WOS:000255106200015 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Carey, A Brewer, GJ Lau, FC Fisher, DR AF Joseph, J. A. Carey, A. Brewer, G. J. Lau, F. C. Fisher, D. R. TI Dopamine and A beta-induced stress signaling and decrements in Ca2+ buffering in primary neonatal hippocampal cells are antagonized by blueberry extract SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AMYLOID-BETA; COS-7 CELLS; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; ACTIVATION; CALCIUM AB We have shown previously that dietary blueberry (1313) extract supplementation (S) reversed several parameters of neuronal and behavioral (e.g., cognition) aging in rodents. Additionally, findings indicate that COS-7 cells transfected with muscarinic receptor subtypes (e.g., M1) showed decrements in Ca2+ clearance following depolarization (Ca2+ Recovery time, Ca2+RT) that were antagonized by BB. Since it has been postulated that at least part of the loss of cognitive function in aging may be dependent upon a dysregulation in calcium homeostasis (i.e., Ca2+RT), we assessed whether: a) Ca 2+RT would be altered in dopamine (DA)- or amyloid beta (A beta)-exposed cultured primary hippocampal neuronal cells (HNC), and b) 1313 pre-treatment of the cells would prevent these deficits. Thus, control or BB (0.5 mg/ml)-treated HNC were exposed to DA (0.1 mM, 2 hrs), A beta(40) (25 mu M, 24 hrs), A)3(42) (25 mu M, 24 hrs), and A beta(25-35) (25 mu M, 24 hrs), and Ca2+RT following KCI-induced depolarization assessed. Ca2+ RT was assessed as the % of HNC showing recovery to 50%-70% of control at 5, 10, or 15 min after depolarization. Results indicated that DA significantly lowered Ca2+RT in the HNC at all time points examined after depolarization. However, BB treatment selectively prevented these declines in Ca2+RT. In the case of A beta, the greatest effects on Ca2+RT were seen when the hippocampal cells were A)3(42)-treated. These effects were antagonized by BB treatment. A beta(40) produced fewer deficits on Ca2+RT than those seen when the HNC were pre-treated with either A beta(42) or A beta(25-35), but BB was relatively ineffective in antagonizing the deficits in Ca2+ RT produced by A beta(40) or A beta(25-35). Additional analyses indicated that BBs may be exerting their protective effects in the hippocampal cells by altering levels of phosphorylated MAPK, PKC gamma, and phosphorylated CREB. Therefore it appears that at least part of the protective effect of BBs may involve alterations in stress signaling. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Springfield, IL USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 53 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 433 EP 446 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 206FH UT WOS:000249168800004 PM 17656822 ER PT J AU Farmer, C Petit, HV Weiler, H Capuco, AV AF Farmer, C. Petit, H. V. Weiler, H. Capuco, A. V. TI Effects of dietary supplementation with flax during prepuberty on fatty acid profile, mammogenesis, and bone resorption in gilts SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bone resorption; flaxseed; mammary development; mammary gland; pig; prepubertal female ID MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LINOLEIC-ACID; ESTROGEN; PIGLETS; PIG; PROLIFERATION; HORMONE AB The possible role of dietary flax on prepubertal development of mammary glands and bone resorption was investigated in gilts. Fifty-seven gilts were fed 1 of 4 diets from 88 d of age until slaughter (d 212 +/- 1). Diets were control without flax (n = 14); 10% flaxseed supplementation (n = 13); 6.5% flaxseed meal supplementation (n = 15); and 3.5% flaxseed oil supplementation (n = 15). All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Jugular blood samples were obtained on d 78 and 210 to establish the fatty acid profile and to determine the concentrations of prolactin, estradiol, and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen. At slaughter, the mammary glands were excised, parenchymal and extraparenchymal tissues were dissected, and the composition of the parenchymal tissue (protein, fat, DM, and DNA) was determined. Histochemical analyses of the mammary parenchyma were performed, and fatty acid profiles in the extraparenchymal tissue were evaluated. Dietary flax increased (P <= 0.001) the concentrations of PUFA and decreased those of SFA (P < 0.01) and MUFA (P <= 0.001) in plasma and extraparenchymal tissues, which was largely due to the inclusion of 10% flaxseed or 3.5% flaxseed oil (P <= 0.01) but not 6.5% flaxseed meal. Circulating concentrations of prolactin and estradiol were unaltered by treatments (P > 0.1), but concentrations of cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen tended to be greater (P < 0. 1) in flax-supplemented gilts. The DM content of parenchymal tissue was the only mammary compositional value affected, showing an increase with flax addition (P < 0. 05). No change (P >= 0. 1) in the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index or estrogen receptor localization was observed with treatments. Dietary supplementation with flax as seed, meal, or oil, therefore, brought about the expected changes in the fatty acid profile but had no beneficial effects on mammary development or bone resorption. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Dairy & Swine R&D Ctr, Sherbrooke, PQ J1M 1Z3, Canada. McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farmer, C (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Dairy & Swine R&D Ctr, POB 90, Sherbrooke, PQ J1M 1Z3, Canada. EM farmerc@agr.gc.ca RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1675 EP 1686 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0022 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 182UU UT WOS:000247530300008 PM 17400971 ER PT J AU Sorrells, AD Eicher, SD Harris, MJ Pajor, EA Richert, BT AF Sorrells, A. D. Eicher, S. D. Harris, M. J. Pajor, E. A. Richert, B. T. TI Periparturient cortisol, acute phase cytokine, and acute phase protein profiles of gilts housed in groups or stalls during gestation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute phase response; cortisol; gestation stall; housing; pig; stress ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PIGS; INTERLEUKIN-1; HAPTOGLOBIN; CELLS; SOWS; GLYCOPROTEIN; INDUCTION; BEHAVIOR AB Use of gestation stalls in pork production remains a controversial topic in animal welfare. Immune status and measures are frequently used to assess stress levels and thus well-being of confined animals. The important welfare issue of close confinement among gestating gilts was tested by quantifying cortisol, acute phase cytokine, and acute phase protein profiles before and after farrowing of gilts housed in 2 systems. Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred gilts housed in groups of 4 (group, n = 8) in pens (3.9 x 2.4 m with 4 individual feeding spaces, 9.36 m(2) total or 2.34 m(2)/gilt) were compared with gilts housed in standard industry stalls (stall, n = 16; 2.2 x 0.6 m, 1.32 m(2)/gilt). Floors were fully slatted, and a substrate was not provided for either system. Cortisol was determined from saliva on d 105 of gestation, 1 h after moving the gilts into farrowing stalls (d 111), and 24 h and 7 d after farrowing. Cortisol was greater (P = 0.04) for group gilts compared with stall gilts 1 h after moving them into farrowing stalls and 24 h after farrowing. Cortisol concentrations decreased (P = 0.001) over time. Leukocyte mRNA expression of IL-1, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was determined by quantitative, reverse transcription PCR on d 35, 63, and 91 of gestation and 72 h after farrowing. Cytokine mRNA expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not differ between housing systems for IL-1, its receptor antagonist, or for tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Acute phase proteins, including fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein were determined for plasma samples taken at d 35, 63, and 91 of gestation and 72 h and 14 d after farrowing. In contrast to cortisol, plasma fibrinogen concentrations increased (P < 0.005) over time. Haptoglobin did not differ between treatments (P > 0.10). Stall gilts tended to have greater (P = 0.07) plasma alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein concentrations than group animals at d 35 of gestation and d 14 after farrowing. These data showed a trend (P < 0.07) for alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein concentrations to return to baseline more quickly in group-housed gilts, which did not appear to be directly related to increased cortisol just before farrowing. In conclusion, few differences in the acute phase response were detected between housing systems, suggesting that the resting immunological responses are only mildly affected by gestation stalls. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM spruiett@purdue.edu RI Harris, Moira/B-5449-2010 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1750 EP 1757 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0025 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 182UU UT WOS:000247530300017 PM 17468426 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TG Ferrell, CL AF Jenkins, T. G. Ferrell, C. L. TI Daily dry matter intake to sustain body weight of mature, nonlactating, nonpregnant cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; maintenance; weight stasis ID BEEF-COWS; NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; ENERGY-UTILIZATION; HEAT-PRODUCTION; ORGAN SIZE; 9 BREEDS; CATTLE; EFFICIENCY; MAINTENANCE; LACTATION AB To quantify the relationship between DM consumption, the ability to sustain BW per unit of DMI (BW stasis), and days to reach BW equilibrium among diverse cattle breeds, weekly individual cow BW and DMI data were recorded for mature, nonpregnant, and nonlactating cows sampled from Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Hereford, Gelbvieh, Limousin, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Simmental breeds. Within each breed, cows were assigned to receive 1 of 4 daily DM allowances (56, 76, 93, or 111 g . BW-0.75, kg) of a ground alfalfa hay-corn grain-based diet. Cows were housed in pens (space for 4 animals/pen) in open-front barns and fed individually using head gates. During the first 60 d of the experiment, BW were recorded every 28 d, after which BW were recorded on a weekly basis until the cows were determined to have attained BW equilibrium. Individual cows were determined to be at BW equilibrium when the rate of weekly BW change did not differ from 0 over an 8-wk period. The number of days to reach BW equilibrium was not affected (P > 0.79) by breed but was affected by the daily DM allowance (P < 0.003). The number of days required to attain BW equilibrium was greater as the rate of feeding (g of DM fed . BW-0.75) increased and ranged from 103 to 136 d. Within breed linear and the pooled quadratic regressions were significant for BW. Observed breed differences varied with feeding rate. Weight stasis estimates for mature Red Poll cows (68.3 +/- 3.8) differed (P < 0.05) from estimates for all the breeds, with the exception of Limousin (72.0 +/- 3.8), Braunvieh (74.0 +/- 4.8), and Pinzgauer (75.5 +/- 3.8) cows at the lowest feeding rate. At the 111 g . BW-0.75 daily DM allowance, the estimates for Limousin (82.2 +/- 3.8) were greater (P < 0.05) than for the other breeds, with the exception of the Pinzgauer (81.0 +/- 4.3) and Braunvieh (75.7 +/- 3.9), which were similar to the remaining breeds in the study (P > 0.05). The change in rank of breed estimates for BW stasis suggests a breed x nutrition interaction for BW stasis. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Jenkins, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Tom.Jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1787 EP 1792 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-678 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 182UU UT WOS:000247530300021 PM 17400974 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL Cheney, CD Gardner, DR AF Pfister, J. A. Stegelmeier, B. L. Cheney, C. D. Gardner, D. R. TI Effect of previous locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis species) intoxication on conditioned taste aversions in horses and sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE horse; locoweed; sheep; taste aversion; toxic plant ID AREA POSTREMA LESIONS; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; LITHIUM-CHLORIDE; FOOD AVERSIONS; CATTLE; RATS; SWAINSONINE; EXTINCTION; SERICEA; LENTIGINOSUS AB Locoweed species (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) are a serious toxic plant problem for grazing livestock. Horses and sheep have been conditioned to avoid eating locoweed using the aversive agent LiCl. The objective of this study was to determine if previous locoweed intoxication affects food aversion learning in horses and sheep. Horses and sheep were divided into 3 treatment groups: control (not fed locoweed and not averted to a novel feed); locoweed-novel feed averted (fed locoweed and averted to a novel feed); and averted (not fed locoweed and averted to a novel feed). Animals in the locoweed-novel feed averted groups were fed locoweed during 2 periods of 21 and 14 d, respectively, with each feeding period followed by a 14-d recovery period. Animals were averted to a novel test feed at the end of the first locoweed-feeding period, and periodically evaluated for the strength and persistence of the aversion. During the first recovery period, locoweed-novel feed averted horses ate less (9.5% of amount offered) of the test feed than did control horses (99.8%) and did not generally differ from averted horses (0%). During recovery period 2, locoweed-novel feed averted horses (4.3%) differed (P = 0.001) in consumption (% of offered) of the test feed from controls (100%) and the averted group (0%). Locoweed-novel feed averted sheep differed (P = 0.001) from controls (14.4 vs. 99.5%, respectively, during recovery period 1), whereas locoweed-novel feed averted sheep did not differ (P > 0.50) from averted sheep (0.6%). During the second recovery period, control sheep (100%) differed (P < 0.05) from averted (0%) and locoweed-novel feed averted (12.2%) groups. Two intoxicated sheep (locoweed-novel feed averted) partially extinguished the aversion during the first recovery period, but an additional dose of LiCl restored the aversion. Two of 3 intoxicated horses had strong aversions that persisted without extinction; I horse in the locoweed-novel feed averted group had a weaker aversion. These findings suggest that horses and sheep previously intoxicated by locoweeds can form strong and persistent aversions to a novel feed, but in some animals, those aversions may not be as strong as in animals that were never intoxicated. C1 ARS USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Psychol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), ARS USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM jpfister@cc.usu.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1836 EP 1841 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0046 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 182UU UT WOS:000247530300027 PM 17431041 ER PT J AU Ozay, G Seyhan, F Yilmaz, A Whitaker, TB Slate, AB Giesbrecht, FC AF Ozay, Guner Seyhan, Ferda Yilmaz, Aysun Whitaker, Thomas B. Slate, Andrew B. Giesbrecht, Francis C. TI Sampling hazelnuts for aflatoxin: Effect of sample size and accept/reject limit on reducing the risk of misclassifying lots SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; OCHRATOXIN-A; GREEN COFFEE; PART II AB About 100 countries have established regulatory limits for aflatoxin in food and feeds. Because these limits vary widely among regulating countries, the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants began work in 2004 to harmonize aflatoxin limits and sampling plans for aflatoxin in almonds, pistachios, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts. Studies were developed to measure the uncertainty and distribution among replicated sample aflatoxin test results taken from aflatoxin-contaminated treenut lots. The uncertainty and distribution information is used to develop a model that can evaluate the performance (risk of misclassifying lots) of aflatoxin sampling plan designs for treenuts. Once the performance of aflatoxin sampling plans can be predicted, they can be designed to reduce the risks of misclassifying lots traded in either the domestic or export markets. A method was developed to evaluate the performance of sampling plans designed to detect aflatoxin in hazelnuts lots. Twenty hazelnut lots with varying levels of contamination were sampled according to an experimental protocol where 16 test samples were taken from each lot. The observed aflatoxin distribution among the 16 aflatoxin sample test results was compared to lognormal, compound gamma, and negative binomial distributions. The negative binomial distribution was selected to model aflatoxin distribution among sample test results because it gave acceptable fits to observed distributions among sample test results taken from a wide range of lot concentrations. Using the negative binomial distribution, computer models were developed to calculate operating characteristic curves for specific aflatoxin sampling plan designs. The effect of sample size and accept/reject limits on the chances of rejecting good lots (sellers'risk) and accepting bad lots (buyers' risk) was demonstrated for various sampling plan designs. C1 TUBITAK Marmara Res Ctr, Food Inst, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), TUBITAK Marmara Res Ctr, Food Inst, POB 21, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey. EM tom_whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1035 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 196YT UT WOS:000248520200023 PM 17760340 ER PT J AU Park, DL Whitaker, TB Simonson, J Morris, HF Durr, B Njapau, H AF Park, Douglas L. Whitaker, Thomas B. Simonson, Janet Morris, Hershel F. Durr, Bobby Njapau, Henry TI Determining the variability associated with testing shelled corn for aflatoxin using different analytical procedures in Louisiana in 1998 SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB The number of elevator facilities with laboratories to test shelled corn for aflatoxin on site is increasing. The inherent difficulty in accurately determining the true aflatoxin concentration of a lot of corn may have serious implications. Deviations from the true value are of even greater significance at busy locations where a high throughput is desired. This study was instituted to measure (1) the differences in aflatoxin test results between elevator laboratories and the Louisiana Agricultural Chemistry (LAC) laboratory and (2) the variability in aflatoxin test results associated with sampling, sample preparation, and analysis of shelled corn at such locations. One hundred lots of shelled corn from 10 elevators in Louisiana were analyzed for aflatoxin using the Aflatest method (at elevators and at the LAC laboratory) and high -performance column liquid chromatography (HPLC; LAC laboratory only). Mean aflatoxin levels determined at elevator laboratories were significantly (P < 0.05) lower from those obtained in the LAC laboratory using the Aflatest method. Overall, Aflatest method results were lower than those obtained by HPLC. This difference may be attributed to analyst technical dexterity, difficulty in providing careful attention to detail in a high throughput environment, and/or substandard facilities found at elevators. The total variance was partitioned into the combined sampling plus subsampling variance and analytical variance. The sampling and sample preparation steps accounted for about 91.5% of the total variability. When using the HPLC analytical method, the analytical step contributed only 8.5% to the total variance. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Louisiana Dept Agr & Forestry, Agr Chem Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tom_whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1041 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 196YT UT WOS:000248520200024 PM 17760341 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Doko, MB Maestroni, BM Slate, AB Ogunbanwo, BF AF Whitaker, Thomas B. Doko, M. Bruno Maestroni, Britt M. Slate, Andrew B. Ogunbanwo, Bosede F. TI Evaluating the performance of sampling plans to detect fumonisin B-1 in maize lots marketed in Nigeria SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; AFLATOXIN; VARIABILITY AB Fumonisins are toxic and carcinogenic compounds produced by fungi that can be readily found in maize. The establishment of maximum limits for fumonisins requires the development of scientifically based sampling plans to detect fumonisin in maize. As part of an International Atomic Energy Agency effort to assist developing countries to control mycotoxin contamination, a study was conducted to design sampling plans to detect fumonisin in maize produced and marketed in Nigeria. Eighty-six maize lots were sampled according to an experimental protocol in which an average of 17 test samples, 100 g each, were taken from each lot and analyzed for fumonisin 131 by using liquid chromatography. The total variability associated with the fumonisin test procedure was measured for each lot. Regression equations were developed to predict the total variance as a function of fumonisin concentration. The observed fumonisin distribution among the replicated -sample test results was compared with several theoretical distributions, and the negative binomial distribution was selected to model the fumonisin distribution among test results. A computer model was developed by using the variance and distribution information to predict the performance of sampling plan designs to detect fumonisin in maize shipments. The performance of several sampling plan designs was evaluated to demonstrate how to manipulate sample size and accept/reject limits to reduce misclassification of maize lots. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. IAEA, FAO, Biotechnol Lab, Agcy Labs,Agrochem Unit, Seibersdorf, Austria. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Agcy Food & Drug Adm & Control, Mycotoxin Unit, Oshodi Cent Labs, Lagos, Nigeria. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1059 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 196YT UT WOS:000248520200026 PM 17760343 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Saltsman, JJ Ware, GM Slate, AB AF Whitaker, Thomas B. Saltsman, Joyce J. Ware, George M. Slate, Andrew B. TI Evaluating the performance of sampling plans to detect hypoglycin A in ackee fruit shipments imported into the United States SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; AFLATOXIN; VARIABILITY; LEVEL AB Hypoglycin A (HGA) is a toxic amino acid that is naturally produced in unripe ackee fruit. In 1973, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) placed a worldwide import alert on ackee fruit, which banned the product from entering the United States. The FDA has considered establishing a regulatory limit for HGA and lifting the ban, which will require development of a monitoring program. The establishment of a regulatory limit for HGA requires the development of a scientifically based sampling plan to detect HGA in ackee fruit imported into the United States. Thirty-three lots of ackee fruit were sampled according to an experimental protocol in which 10 samples, i.e., ten 19 oz cans, were randomly taken from each lot and analyzed for HGA by using liquid chromatography. The total variance was partitioned into sampling and analytical variance components, which were found to be a function of the HGA concentration. Regression equations were developed to predict the total, sampling, and analytical variances as a function of HGA concentration. The observed HGA distribution among the test results for the 10 HGA samples was compared with the normal and lognormal distributions. A computer model based on the lognormal distribution was developed to predict the performance of sampling plan designs to detect HGA in ackee fruit shipments. The performance of several sampling plan designs was evaluated to demonstrate how to manipulate sample size and accept/reject limits to reduce misclassification of ackee fruit lots. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Food Safety, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. US FDA, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Tom_Whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1072 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 196YT UT WOS:000248520200027 PM 17760344 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, RJ Wolf, WR AF Goldschmidt, Robert J. Wolf, Wayne R. TI Determination of niacin in food materials by liquid chromatography using isotope dilution mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID INFANT FORMULA; NICOTINIC-ACID; EXTRACTION; EXCHANGE; PRODUCTS; HPLC AB The availability of deuterium-labeled nicotinic acid makes stable isotope dilution mass spectromerty (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) an attractive option for the determination of the water-soluble 13-vitamin niacin in food samples. A method was developed based on acid digestion, solid-phase extraction with a strong cation exchange column, and reversed-phase chromatography with a C18 column. Detection is by positive ion electrospray MS. Analysis in selected ion recording mode is subject to interference problems similar to those found with other LC determinations of niacin, but the additional selectivity of multiple reaction monitoring mode largely eliminates interference problems. The method was applied to 6 different food matrixes and to appropriate reference materials, including milk samples with niacin levels near 1 ppm. The method exhibited good accuracy, based on levels obtained for the reference materials, and relative standard deviations in the range of 0.5-5%. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wayne.wolf@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1084 EP 1089 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 196YT UT WOS:000248520200029 PM 17760346 ER PT J AU Miller, NJ Ciosi, M Sappington, TW Ratcliffe, ST Spencer, JL Guillemaud, T AF Miller, N. J. Ciosi, M. Sappington, T. W. Ratcliffe, S. T. Spencer, J. L. Guillemaud, T. TI Genome scan of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera for genetic variation associated with crop rotation tolerance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference of the International-Working-Group-on-Ostrinia-and-Other-Maize-Pests CY NOV 05-08, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Working Grp Ostrinia & Maize Pests DE AFLP; microsatellite; selection; western corn rootworm ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; AFLP; DIVERGENCE; ESTABLISHMENT; ADAPTATION; RESISTANCE AB Crop rotation has been a valuable technique for control of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera for almost a century. However, during the last two decades, crop rotation has ceased to be effective in an expanding area of the US corn belt. This failure appears to be due to a change in the insect's oviposition behaviour, which, in all probability, has an underlying genetic basis. A preliminary genome scan using 253 amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers sought to identify genetic variation associated with the circumvention of crop rotation. Samples of D. v. virgifera from east-central Illinois, where crop rotation is ineffective, were compared with samples from Iowa at locations that the behavioural variant has yet to reach. A single AFLP marker showed signs of having been influenced by selection for the circumvention of crop rotation. However, this marker was not diagnostic. The lack of markers strongly associated with the trait may be due to an insufficient density of marker coverage throughout the genome. A weak but significant general heterogeneity was observed between the Illinois and Iowa samples at microsatellite loci and AFLP markers. This has not been detected in previous population genetic studies of D. v. virgifera and may indicate a reduction in gene flow between variant and wild-type beetles. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, CICGRU,Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, INRA, ROSE, UMR 1112, Sophia Antipolis, France. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Miller, NJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, CICGRU,Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Nicholas.Miller@ars.usda.gov RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012; guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012; Spencer, Joseph/B-6876-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286; guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644; Spencer, Joseph/0000-0003-4757-563X NR 35 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 131 IS 6 BP 378 EP 385 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01190.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 186VM UT WOS:000247806500002 ER PT J AU Prischmann, DA Dashiell, KE Schneider, DJ Hibbard, BE AF Prischmann, D. A. Dashiell, K. E. Schneider, D. J. Hibbard, B. E. TI Field screening maize germplasm for resistance and tolerance to western corn rootworms (Col.: Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference of the International-Working-Group-on-Ostrinia-and-Other-Maize-Pests CY NOV 05-08, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Working Grp Ostrinia & Maize Pests DE Diabrotica v. virgifera; maize breeding; plant resistance; root pests ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS; EXTENDED DIAPAUSE; TRANSGENIC CORN; SOIL-MOISTURE; LARVAE; NORTHERN; HYBRIDS AB In the hopes of lessening the current reliance on soil insecticides, developing a viable alternative for transgenic maize hybrids, and providing sustainable options for Europe, researchers recently have been developing novel maize lines that exhibit resistance and/or tolerance to corn rootworm larvae. Here we report the results of a 2-year field experiment in a northern growing region assessing the resistance and tolerance of 10 experimental synthetic maize populations selected for varying levels of damage from western corn rootworm larvae, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Col.: Chrysomelidae) and four maize hybrids. Maize non-preference, antibiosis and tolerance to rootworms was evaluated using previously established methods, including: the Iowa 1-6 root damage rating scale, root fresh weight, compensatory root growth ratings and adult rootworm emergence. Among the experimental synthetic maize populations, BS29-11-01 was the most susceptible, and had a mean root damage rating that was greater than the highly susceptible maize hybrid B37 x H84. This line also had the lowest mean root fresh weight and one of the lowest mean compensatory root growth ratings. In contrast, CRW8-3 appeared to be tolerant to western corn rootworms, and had the lowest mean root damage rating, which was comparable with that of the non-transgenic hybrid DeKalb((R)) 46-26. C1 USDA, ARS, No Plains Area, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Columbia, MO USA. RP Prischmann, DA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Plains Area, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM dprischmann@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 131 IS 6 BP 406 EP 415 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01183.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 186VM UT WOS:000247806500006 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Westerling, AL AF Preisler, Haiganoush K. Westerling, Anthony L. TI Statistical model for forecasting monthly large wildfire events in western United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; FIRE REGIMES; HYDROLOGIC DROUGHT; CLIMATE; FOREST; AREA; USA AB The ability to forecast the number and location of large wildfire events (with specified confidence bounds) is important to fire managers attempting to allocate and distribute suppression efforts during severe fire seasons. This paper describes the development of a statistical model for assessing the forecasting skills of fire-danger predictors and producing 1-month-ahead wildfire-danger probabilities in the western United States. The method is based on logistic regression techniques with spline functions to accommodate nonlinear relationships between fire-danger predictors and probability of large fire events. Estimates were based on 25 yr of historic fire occurrence data (1980-2004). The model using the predictors monthly average temperature, and lagged Palmer drought severity index demonstrated significant improvement in forecasting skill over historic frequencies (persistence forecasts) of large fire events. The statistical models were particularly amenable to model evaluation and production of probability-based fire-danger maps with prespecified precisions. For example, during the 25 yr of the study for the month of July, an area greater than 400 ha burned in 3% of locations where the model forecast was low; 11% of locations where the forecast was moderate; and 76% of locations where the forecast was extreme. The statistical techniques may be used to assess the skill of forecast fire-danger indices developed at other temporal or spatial scales. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM hpreisler@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1020 EP 1030 DI 10.1175/JAM2513.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198WB UT WOS:000248657100006 ER PT J AU Spencer, D Lembi, C AF Spencer, David Lembi, Carole TI Evaluation of barley straw as an alternative algal control method in northern california rice fields SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE algae management; Hydrodictyon; Pithophora; Nostoc spongiaeforme; Hordeum vulgare; agroecosystem ID FRESH-WATER ALGAE; GROWTH-CONTROL; INHIBITOR; RESERVOIR; POND AB California rice fields are shallow water systems with depths usually less than 15 cm. Excessive algal growth often characterizes a significant proportion of them. Especially troublesome are species of green algae and cyanobacteria that interfere with rice growth by becoming entangled with the seedlings and subsequently uprooting them when the algal mats dislodge from the sediment. We sought to determine if barley straw would reduce excessive algal biomass during the crucial 30-day period of seedling establishment following initial flooding of the field. We conducted experiments in 2005 and 2006 in northern California rice fields. Algae dry weight varied considerably ranging from 0 to 286 g m(-2). Relative to controls, mean dry weight of algae was not affected by barley straw in either of the experiments. Measured water temperatures in the 2005 and 2006 experiments were greater than the 20 degrees C threshold for decomposition of the barley straw and production of a hypothesized growth-inhibiting chemical, for a considerable portion of the experimental period. We conclude that adding barley straw into a rice field did not reduce the abundance of algae during the critical period when algal growth is most troublesome for rice culture. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Spencer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Invas Weeds Res Unit, Mail Stop 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 BP 84 EP 90 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 225SD UT WOS:000250536800003 ER PT J AU Ryan, AB Venuto, BC Subudhi, PK Harrison, SA Shadow, RA Fang, X Materne, M Utomo, H AF Ryan, Alicia B. Venuto, B. C. Subudhi, P. K. Harrison, S. A. Shadow, R. A. Fang, X. Materne, M. Utomo, H. TI Identification and genetic characterization of smooth cordgrass for coastal wetland restoration SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AFLP; genetic diversity; Spartina alterniflora; marshland restoration ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA POACEAE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; TIDAL SALT-MARSH; SEED PRODUCTION; GULF COASTS; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS; GERMINATION; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY AB Spartina alterniflora (Loisel.), smooth cordgrass, is a dominant perennial salt marshgrass native to tidal wetland plant communities along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. It is an important plant species for coastal reclamation and restoration efforts. It spreads quickly by rhizomes and tolerates a wide range of saline, anoxic, and sulfidic soils. However, because of poor seed production this species is propagated vegetatively for reclamation or restoration projects. Current practices reduce genetic diversity of the species by utilizing a single vegetatively propagated genotype. The objectives of this study were; 1) identify multiple genotypes of S. alterniflora for use in restoration efforts and 2) assess genetic variability of these genotypes at the molecular level. Identification of desirable plants was based on plant growth characteristics and reproductive traits. Growth characters were plant height, spread, rust reaction, and vigor. Reproductive traits were seed set, germination, kernel weight, seed weight, and total seed per plant. This process resulted in seven plants, descended from seven different original source populations, which demonstrated superior performance for vegetative and reproductive traits. Molecular marker analysis revealed that genetic diversity, essential for success in the restoration projects, was maintained in selected plants. These plants offer an enhanced germplasm base for current restoration efforts. Research is continuing on the feasibility of developing seed based populations that would add even greater genetic diversity to the current accepted restoration practices. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. LSU AgCtr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. LSU AgCtr, Rice Res Stn, Crowley, LA USA. RP Venuto, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM bvenuto@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 BP 90 EP 99 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 225SD UT WOS:000250536800004 ER PT J AU Anderson, LWJ AF Anderson, Lars W. J. TI Potential for sediment-applied acetic acid for control of invasive Spartina alterniflora SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Invasive Spartina CY 2004 CL San Francisco, CA DE soil-active herbicide; electrolyte; pore-water; HPLC; seawater; smooth cordgrass; vinegar ID HYDRILLA; CALIFORNIA; IMAZAPYR; TUBERS AB Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), a tall grass native to the east coast, has invaded Willapa Bay, Washington, and the San Francisco Bay, California. Management with glyphosate and imazapyr can be effective, but in the San Francisco populations, applications in several sites are confined to short periods in the fall in order to protect nesting habitats of Clapper rails (Rallus longirostris). Use of efficacious soil-active herbicides could mitigate this restriction. Acetic acid, a readily degraded natural product, has been shown to kill sedimentborne propagules of aquatic plants such as Hydrilla verticillata and Stuckenia pectinatus. Effects of acetic acid on sedimentfree rhizomes of S. altern flora were examined. Exposure of 0.1, 1.0, 1.5% vol/vol acetic acid for a few hours to several hours resulted in increased conductivity in distilled water compared to unexposed controls, indicating loss of cellular integrity and leakage of electrolytes. Regrowth from exposed rhizomes was significantly inhibited at higher (1.0% and 1.5%) concentrations applied for 2 or 4 hr. When rhizomes that had been directly exposed to 1.5% acetic acid were transferred to outdoor conditions in Albany, CA, both new shoot number and average plant height were reduced by over 90% at nine months post-treatment. The exposure to all concentrations of acetic acid for 4 hr also led to reduced frequency of inflorescence production, thus potentially diminishing the dispersal capacity of the treated plants. Field trials are needed to determine if judicious drenching of sediments with acetic acid (e.g., at low tide) may have utility as an alternative to foliar applied herbicides such as imazapyr and glyphosate. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, LWJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lwanderson@ucdavis.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 BP 100 EP 105 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 225SD UT WOS:000250536800005 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Davis, MR AF Everitt, J. H. Yang, C. Davis, M. R. TI Mapping wild taro with color-infrared aerial photography and image processing SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE light reflectance; color-infrared photography; supervised image analysis; accuracy assessment; Colocasia esculenta ID LIGHT REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS; SAN-MARCOS RIVER; TEXAS; VEGETATION AB Wild taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.] is an exotic ornamental plant that has escaped cultivation and invaded many freshwater wetlands in the southeastern United States. Remote sensing techniques were evaluated for distinguishing wild taro along the Rio Grande in southwest Texas. Field reflectance measurements showed that wild taro had significantly different (p = 0.05) visible and near-infrared reflectance from associated plant species. Wild taro could be distinguished on color-infrared photographs where it had a bright red image response. Supervised image analysis techniques were used to classify the imagery. Accuracy assessments performed on classification maps of photographs from three sites had producer's and user's accuracies ranging from 83.3% to 100%. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM James.Everitt@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 225SD UT WOS:000250536800006 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Svejcar, TS Miller, RF AF Bates, J. D. Svejcar, T. S. Miller, R. F. TI Litter decomposition in cut and uncut western juniper woodlands SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE carbon; litter fall; N mineralization; nitrogen; succession; woodland ID NUTRIENT RELEASE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CENTRAL OREGON; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PINE ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST FLOOR; SOIL; OCCIDENTALIS; CLIMATE; CARBON AB The expansion of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Hook.) in the northern Great Basin has resulted in management efforts to reduce juniper by prescribed fire or tree cutting to restore shrub-grassland plant communities. Herbaceous succession following juniper cutting or prescribed fire has been well documented, however, impacts of these disturbances to litter and nutrient cycling is limited in these invasive semi-arid woodlands. This study evaluated the effects of cutting juniper trees on leaf litter decomposition and nitrogen (N) dynamics over a 2-year period in eastern Oregon, USA. Litter bags were used to measure juniper leaf litter decomposition and track litter carbon (C) and N fluxes in cut and uncut juniper woodland treatments. Litter mass loss was 37% greater in the cut treatment compared to the uncut treatment after 2 years. Greater litter inputs, higher litter fall quality, and micro-environmental differences were suggested to have been the main causes for the higher litter decomposition rate in the cut treatment. In both treatments, litter N was released by the second year of decomposition, though N release was greater in the uncut treatment. Retention of juniper debris on site permits storage and release of nutrients through decomposition processes which is likely important in maintaining site productivity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu NR 53 TC 11 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 222 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.015 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170KF UT WOS:000246661600004 ER PT J AU Taylor, J Bean, SR Ioerger, BP Taylor, JRN AF Taylor, Janet Bean, Scott R. Ioerger, Brian P. Taylor, John R. N. TI Preferential binding of sorghum tannins with gamma-kafirin and the influence of tannin binding on kafirin digestibility and biodegradation SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sorghum; tannin; binding; kafirin ID PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; PRECIPITATION; ENDOSPERM; BICOLOR; FILMS; COMPLEXATION; POLYPHENOLS; INHIBITION; GRAIN; WHEY AB Kafirins, sorghum prolamins bind with sorghum condensed tannins (CTs). The binding of different kafirin species with sorghum CTs was investigated. Analysis by chemical assay and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and free zone capillary electrophoresis (FZCE), showed that gamma-kafirin bound more CTs than the other kafirin species. SDS-PAGE suggested that the gamma-kafirin-bound tannins were in the form of aggregates of molecular size > 200k. RP-HPLC and FZCE revealed that sample preparation and drying the kafirins prior to the binding assays had a significant impact on gamma-kafirin solubility. The effect of tannin binding on kafirin and kafirin film digestibility and film biodegradation was determined. Kafirins bound to tannins had lower digestibilities than unbound kafirins. Films made from tannin-bound kafirin had much lower digestibility and were less biodegradable than films made from unbound kafirin. The increase in kafirin film life by tannin modification appears to be due to a decrease in protein digestibility caused by kafirin-tannin binding. These findings suggest that gamma-kafirin content in sorghum may be manipulated to either reduce or increase tannin binding in order to change the functionality of the kafirin in food, feed or film applications. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pretoria, Dept Food Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Taylor, JRN (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Food Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM jtaylor@postino.up.ac.za OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.11.001 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 189PX UT WOS:000248002100003 ER PT J AU Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW Fraser, I AF Bartelt, Robert J. Cosse, Allard A. Zilkowski, Bruce W. Fraser, Ivich TI Antennally active macrolide from the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis emitted predominantly by females SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; Coleoptera; Buprestidae; emerald ash borer; (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide; electrophysiology; pheromone; synthesis ID PHEROMONES; COLEOPTERA AB The macrocyclic lactone (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide was identified from the emissions of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, feeding on ash foliage. The compound was detected from both sexes but was ca. 10 times more abundant from females. It was readily sensed by antennae of both males and females. Identification was confirmed by synthesis. The behavioral effects of the lactone remain unstudied in A. planipennis, but a verified pheromonal function could lead to improved monitoring for this invasive pest. The lactone is part of the pheromone of Cryptolestes pusillus, an unrelated beetle species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ, Emerald Ash Borer Project, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Robert.Bartelt@ARS.USDA.gov NR 8 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1299 EP 1302 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9316-z PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186NO UT WOS:000247785600001 PM 18027429 ER PT J AU Choi, MY Lim, H Park, KC Adlof, R Wang, S Zhang, A Jurenka, R AF Choi, Man-Yeon Lim, Hangkyo Park, Kye Chung Adlof, Richard Wang, Shifa Zhang, Aijun Jurenka, Russell TI Identification and biosynthetic studies of the hydrocarbon sex pheromone in Utetheisa ornatrix SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromone; hydrocarbon; biosynthesis; PBAN; aretiidae; lepidoptera ID ARCTIID MOTH; HEMOLYMPH; LEPIDOPTERA; ATTRACTANT; EVOLUTION AB The type II class of sex pheromones found in moths is composed of polyene hydrocarbons and their epoxides. Analysis of Utetheisa ornatrix females by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and measurement of responses of male moths by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection confirmed the presence of large amounts of (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-heneicosatetraene (1,3,6,9-21:Hy) and smaller amounts of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene (3,6,9-21:Hy). Both compounds were detected in pheromone glands of newly emerged adults, with low amounts found in the late pupal stage, indicating that sex pheromone biosynthesis started in the late pupal stage. In our population of females (several hundred sampled), approximately 90% produced the tetraene, 1,3,6,9-21:Hy, as the major component, while the other 10% produced only a large amount (1500-2000 ng) of 3,6,9-21:Hy, with no detectable amount of the tetraene. This result could indicate that two distinct populations are present in our original collection site in Florida. Decapitated female moths accumulated 3,6,9-21:Hy and 1,3,6,9-21:Hy compared to the same age normal females, indicating that female moths continuously produce pheromone. A pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN)-like neuropeptide did not affect sex pheromone production as indicated by injection of synthetic PBAN and decapitation of U. ornatrix female adults. When the labeled precursor, D-4-9,12,15-18:acid, was injected into the early pupal stage, the most abundantly labeled hydrocarbons were 3,6,9-21:Hy and 1,3,6,9-21:Hy in the female adults. This result indicated that 3,6,9-21:Hy could be biosynthesized from linolenic acid through chain elongation and decarboxylation. To determine how 1,3,6,9-21:Hy is produced, D-4-3,6,9-21:Hy was injected into pupae and monitored for incorporation of label. No label was incorporated into 1,3,6,9-21:Hy, although a large amount of triene, 3,6,9-21:Hy, was recovered in the pheromone gland. This indicates that U. ornatrix females do not use 3,6,9-21:Hy to produce 1,3,6,9-21:Hy, and the terminal double bond is introduced earlier in the biosynthetic pathway. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, College Pk, PA USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. USDA, ARS, BARC W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jurenka, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rjurenka@iastate.edu OI Choi, Man-Yeon/0000-0003-0769-380X NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1336 EP 1345 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9306-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186NO UT WOS:000247785600005 PM 17510777 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sarver, BAJ Brandt, M Chang, DC Noble-Wang, J Park, BJ Sutton, DA Benjamin, L Lindsley, M Padhye, A Geiser, DM Ward, TJ AF O'Donnell, Kerry Sarver, Brice A. J. Brandt, Mary Chang, Douglas C. Noble-Wang, Judith Park, Benjamin J. Sutton, Deanna A. Benjamin, Lynette Lindsley, Mark Padhye, Arvind Geiser, David M. Ward, Todd J. TI Phylogenetic diversity and microsphere array-based genotyping of human pathogenic fusaria, including isolates from the multistate contact lens - Associated US Keratitis outbreaks of 2005 and 2006 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; FUNGI; INFECTIONS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; RPB2; OXYSPORUM; NUCLEAR; MEMBERS AB In 2005 and 2006, outbreaks of Fusarium keratitis associated with soft contact lens use occurred in multiple U.S. states and Puerto Rico. A case-control study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed a significant association between infections and the use of one particular brand of lens solution. To characterize the full spectrum of the causal agents involved and their potential sources, partial DNA sequences from three loci (RPB2, EF-1 alpha, and nuclear ribosomal rRNA) totaling 3.48 kb were obtained from 91 corneal and 100 isolates from the patient's environment (e.g., contact lens and lens cases). We also sequenced a 1.8-kb region encoding the RNA polymerase 11 second largest subunit (RPB2) from 126 additional pathogenic isolates to better understand how the keratitis outbreak isolates fit within the full phylogenetic spectrum of clinically important fusaria. These analyses resulted in the most robust phylogenetic framework for Fusarium to date. In addition, RPB2 nucleotide variation within a 72-isolate panel was used to design 34 allele-specific probes to identify representatives of all medically important species complexes and 10 of the most important human pathogenic Fusarium in a single-well diagnostic assay, using flow cytometry and fluorescent microsphere technology. The multilocus data revealed that one haplotype from each of the three most common species comprised 55% of CDC's corneal and environmental isolates and that the corneal isolates comprised 29 haplotypes distributed among 16 species. The high degree of phylogenetic diversity represented among the corneal isolates is consistent with multiple sources of contamination. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 NR 44 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2235 EP 2248 DI 10.1128/JCM.00533-07 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190QB UT WOS:000248072900023 PM 17507522 ER PT J AU Karns, JS Van Kessel, JS McClusky, BJ Perdue, ML AF Karns, J. S. Van Kessel, J. S. McClusky, B. J. Perdue, M. L. TI Incidence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and E-coli virulence factors in US bulk tank milk as determined by polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; foodborne disease; polymerase chain reaction ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; RAW-MILK; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DAIRY-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; SEROTYPE; SALMONELLA; PCR; PATHOGENS; CHEESE AB Samples of bulk tank milk from dairies across the United States, taken as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring Dairy 2002 survey, were analyzed for the presence of several genes encoding virulence factors associated with enterohemorrhagic forms of Escherichia coli (EHEC) using real-time and conventional PCR assays. Samples from 859 farms in 21 states were collected and enriched in EC medium at 42.5 degrees C to amplify any E. coli present, and DNA was isolated from the resulting biomass. The eaeA gene encoding intimin, a virulence factor associated with enteropathogenic forms of E. coli and EHEC, was detected in 199 (23%) of the samples. Thirty-six samples (4.2%) were positive for eaeA, the gamma allele of the translocated intimin receptor (gamma-tir), found in EHEC strains of O157:H7, and one or both shiga-like toxin genes (stx1 and stx2), a combination that may be indicative of the presence of O157:H7 EHEC. Testing these 36 samples with a commercially available real-time PCR kit for detection of O157:117 indicated that 5 samples could be contaminated with O157:H7. A multiplex PCR to detect the presence of fliC, rfbE, and hlyA genes found in O157:H7 reduced to 2 (0.2% of all samples) the number of samples likely to be contaminated with this organism. A strain of O157:117 (eaeA(+), gamma-tir(+), stx2(+), rfbE(+), fliC(+), hlyA(+)) was subsequently isolated from one sample. Thirty-four eaeA-positive samples did not contain detectable gamma-tir but did contain one or both of the stx genes suggesting the presence of EHEC strains other than O157:H7. These results indicate a low incidence of O157:H7 in bulk tank milk but suggest that a risk from other enteropathogenic and EHEC forms of E. coli may exist and that PCR targeting virulence factors associated with highly pathogenic forms of E. coli may be an effective means of detecting potential dangers in raw milk. C1 USDA ARS, Environmm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Karns, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environmm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM karnsj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 90 IS 7 BP 3212 EP 3219 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-009 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 181HG UT WOS:000247427200014 PM 17582104 ER PT J AU Kauf, ACW Rosenbusch, RF Paape, MJ Bannerman, DD AF Kauf, A. C. W. Rosenbusch, R. F. Paape, M. J. Bannerman, D. D. TI Innate immune response to intramammary Mycoplasma bovis infection SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; innate immunity; Mycoplasma bovis; mastitis ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA MASTITIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS MASTITIS; SYSTEMIC ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-2; GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STREPTOCOCCUS-UBERIS; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE AB The objective of the current study was to characterize the systemic and local innate immune response of dairy cows to IMI with Mycoplasma bovis, a pathogen of growing concern to the dairy industry. Ten Holstein cows were each infused in 1 quarter with M. bovis and studied for a 10-d period. Acute phase protein synthesis, which reflects 1 parameter of the systemic response to infection, was induced within 108 h of infection, as evidenced by increased circulating concentrations of lipopolysaccharide binding protein and serum amyloid A. Transient neutropenia was observed from 84 to 168 h postinfection, whereas a constant state of lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia was observed from 84 h until the end of the study. Milk somatic cell counts initially increased within 66 h of M. bovis infusion and remained elevated, relative to control (time 0) concentrations, for the remainder of study. Increased milk concentrations of BSA, which reflect increased permeability of the mammary epithelial-endothelial barrier, were evident within 78 h of infection and were sustained from 90 h until the end of the study. Milk concentrations of several cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, IL-10, IL-12, tumor growth factor-a, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were elevated in response to infection over a period of several days, whereas increases in milk IL-8 were of a more limited duration. Complement activation, reflected by increased milk concentrations of complement factor 5a, was also observed over several days. Despite the indication by these observed changes that the cows mounted a prolonged inflammatory response to M. bovis intramammary infection, all quarters remained infected throughout the study with persistently high concentrations of this bacterium. Thus, a sustained inflammatory response is not sufficient to eradicate M. bovis from the mammary gland and may reflect the ongoing struggle of the host to clear this persistent pathogen. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Preventat Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM douglas.bannerman@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 90 IS 7 BP 3336 EP 3348 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0058 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 181HG UT WOS:000247427200029 PM 17582119 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC Spurgeon, DW AF Suh, Charles P. -C. Spurgeon, Dale W. TI Supercooling in the adult boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) relative to physiological condition and diet SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis; supercooling; Gossypium hirsutum; diapause ID SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; DIAPAUSE; SURVIVAL; EMERGENCE; TEMPERATURE; HIBERNATION; CAROLINA AB Severe winter temperatures are known to reduce overwintering survival of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), but the mechanisms responsible for overwintering mortality are poorly understood. We examined the effects of adult physiological status (reproductive, diapause, intermediate diapause), diet (flower buds or fruit of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.) and time since feeding (0 or 2 d) on freezing points of weevils. Differences in supercooling points among weevil physiological states were not detected. However, adults fed cotton fruit (bolls) supercooled to lower temperatures (mean SE; -17.4 +/- 0.23 degrees C) than those initially fed flower buds (squares) followed by bolls (-15.8 +/- 0.40 degrees C). Weevils fed squares exhibited the highest mean supercooling point (-14.4 +/- 0.35 degrees C). Additional study confirmed the effects of diet on supercooling when weevils were exposed to freezing temperatures immediately after feeding (bolls, -12.5 +/- 0.45 degrees C; squares, -10.2 +/- 0.45 degrees C). However, supercooling points were lowered but similar for both diets when exposure to freezing temperatures occurred 2 days after feeding (bolls, -17.1 +/- 0.45 degrees C; squares, -17.2 +/- 0.46 degrees C). Also, tissues excised from bolls froze at lower temperatures (-10.7 +/- 0.41 degrees C) than pollen sacs excised from squares (-0.2 +/- 0.41 degrees C). We found that supercooling ability did not indicate weevil physiological status. Furthermore, the observed supercooling points suggest that acute freezing is an unlikely mortality mechanism in the more southerly U.S. cotton production regions. Regardless, both diet type and the time since feeding are important factors that should be considered in supercooling or survival studies involving temperatures low enough to freeze weevils. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 320 EP 328 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 205BL UT WOS:000249087800002 ER PT J AU Reding, M Klein, M AF Reding, Michael Klein, Michael TI Life history of oriental beetle and other scarabs, and occurrence of Tiphia vernalis in Ohio nurseries SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE white grubs; parasitoids; ornamental nurseries; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae ID ANOMALA-ORIENTALIS; JAPANESE-BEETLE; UNITED-STATES; SCARABAEIDAE; COLEOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA AB The oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, is a serious pest of nursery crops in northern Ohio and a number of other states because the larvae damage plant roots. In 3 ornamental tree nurseries (field production) in Ohio, the composition of scarab larvae, their life histories, and parasitism rates were examined. Four exotic scarabs, Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castanea Arrow), European chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky), Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), and oriental beetle, were found in this study. The oriental beetle and European chafer were the most common species found. Up to 60% of the oriental beetle population required 2 yrs to complete development, which is much higher than the commonly reported 15% or less in northeastern states. Tiphia vernalis Rohwer, an external parasite of oriental beetle and Japanese beetle larvae, was found in all nurseries surveyed. As much as 31% and 60% of the sampled oriental beetle and Japanese beetle populations, respectively, were parasitized, depending on date and nursery. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Grp, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Reding, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Grp, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM reding.2@osu.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 329 EP 340 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 205BL UT WOS:000249087800003 ER PT J AU Marti, OG Olson, DM AF Marti, Orville G. Olson, D. M. TI Effect of tillage on cotton aphids (Homoptera : Aphididae), pathogenic fungi, and predators in south central Georgia cotton fields SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aphis gossypii; pathogens; Neozygites fresenii; Pandora neoaphidis; conservation tillage; conventional tillage; predators ID NEOZYGITES-FRESENII ENTOMOPHTHORALES; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; GOSSYPII HOMOPTERA; NO-TILLAGE; FIRE ANTS; POPULATIONS; ARTHROPODS; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; STORAGE AB Two species of fungi, Neozygites fresenii Nowakowski (Batko) and Pandora neoaphidis Remaudiere and Hennebert (Humber), pathogens of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were studied in 12 south central Georgia cotton fields under conservation or conventional tillage in 2003 and 2004. Aphids and ants on cotton plants were enumerated in both years, and aphid predators (coccinellids, lacewings, and spiders) were counted in 2004. Plant sampling began the first week of June and continued for 16 wks in 2003 and for 14 wks in 2004. Numbers of aphids on cotton plants increased until the first week of July and declined thereafter. More aphids were present on plants in 2004 than in 2003 for the first 9 wks of sampling, but did not differ thereafter. More aphids were present on plants under conservation tillage than under conventional tillage only between weeks 3-8. Pandora neoaphidis was detected in aphids in midMarch by monitoring with pan traps on field margins. Neozygites fresenii, in contrast, was not observed until 18 June 2003 and 16 June 2004, and peaked simultaneously with the aphid population and then declined. The incidence of P. neoaphidis was less than that of N. fresenii, but peaked simultaneously with it in the first week of July. Ants, primarily the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, occurred in larger numbers in fields under conservation tillage than under conventional tillage, apparently because of greater disruption of soil and weed habitat under conventional tillage. In both tillage types, coccinellids peaked early in the season and lacewings late in the season, with larger numbers of coccinellids present in fields under conservation tillage. Although there was a sharp peak in lacewing numbers late in the season under conservation tillage, overall lacewing numbers were not different under the 2 types of management. Spider numbers increased gradually throughout the growing season, with only slightly higher numbers present under conservation tillage. The effects of different tillage methods were more evident on the aphids and their predators than on the fungal pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Serv, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Marti, OG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Serv, PO Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM omarti@tifton.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 354 EP 367 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 205BL UT WOS:000249087800006 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Prasifka, JR Heinz, KM AF Tillman, P. G. Prasifka, J. R. Heinz, K. M. TI Rubidium marking to detect dispersal of pest and predator from corn into sorghum and cotton in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dispersal; Helicoverpa zea; Orius insidiosus ID EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; CHLORIDE; COLEOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; FIELD; HYMENOPTERA; HOMOPTERA; INSECTS; FOLIAR AB This field study evaluated marking both the pest [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] and its predator [Orius insidiosus (Say)] with rubidium chloride (RbCl) in corn to detect dispersal of these insects from this crop into sorghum and cotton. Sorghum and cotton were planted in small plots at the interface, or common boundary, of a commercial corn and cotton field. The cotton field adjacent to these interface plots was divided into cotton field plots. Foliar solutions of RbCl were applied to corn at field site 1 when the ears were infested with 4(th) through 6(th) instars of H. zea and at site 2 when corn silks were infested with eggs and 1(st) instars of H. zea and nymphs and adults of O. insidiosus. Insects were collected at various times after RbCl application from the sorghum interface plots, cotton interface plots, and cotton field plots. Both H. zea eggs and O. insidiosus females were successfully marked in corn treated with RbCl, and marking success for both insects ranged from 15-33%. Data on rubidium-marked insects indicated that H. zea females from the generation feeding on rubidium-treated corn dispersed into sorghum interface plots at both treated sites and into cotton interface plots at one site and that O. insidiosus females dispersed from corn into sorghum interface plots and cotton field plots at one site. C1 USDA ARS, Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Lab, Genet Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Protect & Management Res Lab, PO Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Glynn.Tillman@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 383 EP 391 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 205BL UT WOS:000249087800009 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JS Richman, DB AF Armstrong, J. Scott Richman, David B. TI Interference of boll weevil trapping by spiders (Araneida) and an evaluation of trap modification to reduce unwanted arthropods SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trap design; Anthonomus grandis grandis; cotton C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Armstrong, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM armstrong@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 392 EP 398 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 205BL UT WOS:000249087800010 ER PT J AU Scocco, EA Gardner, WA Shapiro-Ilan, DI AF Scocco, Erika A. Gardner, Wayne A. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. TI Microscopic evaluation of the fate of conidia of two entomogenous fungi in soil SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; conidial germination; hyphal growth; fungal propagules C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA USA. RP Gardner, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Entomol, Griffin Campus,1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM wgardner@uga.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 413 EP 414 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 205BL UT WOS:000249087800014 ER PT J AU Mangini, AC Hain, FP AF Mangini, Alex C. Hain, Fred P. TI Phytoseiidae (Acari : Mesostigmata) from cover crops in western North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tetranychidae; Abies fraseri; soil microarthropods; ground cover; biological control C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mangini, AC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM amangini@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 205BL UT WOS:000249087800015 ER PT J AU King, KW Balogh, JC Hughes, KL Harmel, RD AF King, K. W. Balogh, J. C. Hughes, K. L. Harmel, R. D. TI Nutrient load generated by storm event runoff from a golf course watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY IMPACTS; NITROGEN LOSSES; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; TURFGRASS; SEDIMENT; FERTILIZATION; PESTICIDE; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; REMOVAL AB Turf, including home lawns, roadsides, golf courses, parks, etc., is often the most intensively managed land use in the urban landscape. Substantial inputs of fertilizers and water to maintain turf systems have led to a perception that turf systems are a major contributor to nonpoint source water pollution. The primary objective of this study was to quantify nutrient (NO3-N, NH4-N, and PO4-P) transport in storm-generated surface runoff from a golf course. Storm event samples were collected for 5 yr (1 Apr. 1998-31 Mar. 2003) from the Morris Williams Municipal Golf Course in Austin, TX. Inflow and outflow samples were collected from a stream that transected the golf course. One hundred fifteen runoff-producing precipitation events were measured. Median NO3-N and PO4-P concentrations at the outflow location were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than like concentrations measured at the inflow location; however, median outflow NH4-N concentration was significantly less than the median inflow concentration. Storm water runoff transported 1.2 kg NO3-N ha(-1) yr(-1), 0.23 kg NH4-N ha(-1) yr(-1), and 0.51 kg PO4-P ha(-1) yr(-1) from the course. These amounts represent approximately 3.3% of applied N and 6.2% of applied P over the contributing area for the same period. NO3-N transport in storm water runoff from this course does not pose a substantial environmental risk; however, the median PO4-P concentration exiting the course exceeded the USEPA recommendation of 0.1 mg L-1 for streams not discharging into lakes. The PO4-P load measured in this study was comparable to soluble P rates measured from agricultural lands. The findings of this study emphasize the need to balance golf course fertility management with environmental risks, especially with respect to phosphorus. C1 USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM king.220@osu.edu RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 57 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1030 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0387 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188TJ UT WOS:000247941900011 PM 17526881 ER PT J AU Fine, P Hass, A AF Fine, Pinchas Hass, Amir TI Role of organic matter in microbial transport during irrigation with sewage effluent SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MARINE PSEUDOMONAS SP; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WASTE-WATER; POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL COLUMNS; BACTERIA; SURVIVAL; STREPTOCOCCI; ADSORPTION; STARVATION AB Reduction of migration of fecal coliforms (FC) and streptococci (FS) by limiting the leaching in effluent-irrigated soil was tested in lysimeters packed with quartz sand without or with added biosolids compost or with one of two clayey soils. The 200-L, 70-cm-deep lysimeters were either planted with a Eucalyptus camaldulensis or an Oroblanco citrus tree (in the sand only), or not planted. The Eucalyptus was irrigated with oxidation pond effluent (OPE) and the Oroblanco with mechanical-biological treatment plant effluent (MBTPE). The leaching fraction (LF) ranged from 0.2 to about 1.0, and the residence time (RT) from under 1 to 40 d. The Eucalyptus was also tested under intermittent leaching (RT 11-20 d) and deficit irrigation (without leaching for about 6 mo) regimes. Under MBTPE irrigation there was little or no leaching of FC and FS. Under OPE irrigation at LF 1 without a Eucalyptus there was little or no bacterial leaching at irrigation rates below 40 L d(-1) per lysimeter (RT >= 0.8 d). Bacteria] counts in the leachate were substantial in the presence of a Eucalyptus tree under LF 0.2 and intermittent leaching regimes, and when sand-packed unplanted lysimeters received OPE effluent at >45 L d(-1). Bacterial recovery peaked at LF 0.2, at up to 45% of the input level. At LF 1 (RT 0.6-2.8 d) and with intermittent leaching the recoveries were minute. Bacterial counts in the washout from the deficit-irrigated lysimeters were typical of nonpolluted soils. The bacterial concentration and recovery patterns in the leachate mostly matched the organic carbon (OC) load in the irrigation water, and its concentration and bioavailablity in the leachate. We related the leaching patterns of the fecal bacteria to their relative reproduction and die-off rates, and to the dependence of their regrowth on available carbon sources. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Fine, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM finep@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1060 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0265 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188TJ UT WOS:000247941900014 PM 17526884 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Cade-Menun, BJ Toor, GS Fortuna, AM Honeycutt, CW Sims, JT AF He, Zhongqi Cade-Menun, Barbara J. Toor, Gurpal S. Fortuna, Ann-Marie Honeycutt, C. Wayne Sims, J. Thomas TI Comparison of phosphorus forms in wet and dried animal manures by solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and enzymatic hydrolysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; RELAXATION-TIMES; EXTRACTION; FRACTIONATION; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; PHOSPHATASES; METHODOLOGY; SOLUBILITY; LITTERS; STORAGE AB Both enzymatic hydrolysis and solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been used to characterize P compounds in animal manures. In this study, we comparatively investigated P forms in 0.25 M NaOH/0.05 M EDTA extracts of dairy and poultry manures by the two methods. For the dairy manure, enzymatic hydrolysis revealed that the majority of extracted P was inorganic P (56%), with 10% phytate-like P, 9% simple monoester P, 6% polynucleotide-like P, and 18% non-hydrolyzable P. Similar results were obtained by NMR spectroscopy, which showed that inorganic P was the major P fraction (64-73%), followed by 6% phytic acid, 14 to 22% other monoesters, and 7% phosphodiesters. In the poultry manure, enzymatic hydrolysis showed that inorganic P was the largest fraction (71%), followed by 15% phytate-like P and 1% other monoesters, and 3% polynucleotide-like P. NMR spectroscopy revealed that orthophosphate was 51 to 63% of extracted P, phytic acid 24 to 33%, other phosphomonoesters 6 to 12%, and phospholipids and DNA 2% each. Drying process increased orthophosphate (8.4% of total P) in dairy manure, but decreased orthophosphate (13.3% of total P) in poultry manure, suggesting that drying treatment caused the hydrolysis of some organic P to orthophosphate in dairy manure, but less recovery of orthophosphate in poultry manure. Comparison of these data indicates that the distribution patterns of major P forms in animal manure determined by the two methods were similar. Researchers can utilize the method that best fits their specific research goals or use both methods to obtain a full spectrum of manure P characterization. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov RI Fortuna, Ann-Marie/G-4884-2012; OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013; Cade-Menun, Barbara/0000-0003-4391-3718 NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1095 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0549 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188TJ UT WOS:000247941900018 PM 17526888 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RE Needelman, BA Kleinman, PJA Allen, AL AF Vaughan, Robert E. Needelman, Brian A. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Allen, Arthur L. TI Spatial variation of soil phosphorus within a drainage ditch network SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; DELAWARE AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGEWAYS; WATER-QUALITY; SATURATION; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; TRANSFORMATIONS; VARIABILITY; RETENTION; WETLANDS AB Agricultural drainage ditches serve as P transport pathways from fields to surface waters. Little is known about the spatial variation of P at the soil-water interface within ditch networks. We quantified the spatial variation of surficial (0-5 cm) soil P within vegetated agricultural ditches on a farm in Princess Anne, MD with an approximately 30-yr history of poultry litter application. Ditch soils from 10 ditches were sampled at 10-m intervals and analyzed for acid ammonium oxalate-extractable P, Fe, Al (P-ox, Fe-ox, Al-ox), and pH. These variables were spatially autocorrelated. Oxalate-P (min = 135 mg kg(-1), max = 6919 mg kg(-1), mean = 700 mg kg(-1)) exhibited a high standard deviation across the study area (overall 580 mg kg(-1)) and within individual ditches (maximum 1383 mg kg(-1)). Several ditches contained distinct areas of high P-ox, which were associated with either point- or nonpoint-P sources. Phosphorus was correlated with Al-ox or Fe-ox within specific ditches. Across all ditches, Al-ox (r = 0.80;p < 0.001) was better correlated with P-ox than was Fe-ox (r = 0.44;p < 0.001). The high level of spatial variation of soil P observed in this ditch network suggests that spatially distributed sampling may be necessary to target best management practices and to model P transport and fate in ditch networks. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Needelman, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, 1109 HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bneed@umd.edu NR 42 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1096 EP 1104 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0095 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188TJ UT WOS:000247941900019 PM 17526889 ER PT J AU Khoshgoftarmanesh, AH Chaney, RL AF Khoshgoftarmanesh, Amir H. Chaney, Rufus L. TI Preceding crop affects grain cadmium and zinc of wheat grown in saline soils of Central Iran SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Remediation of Contaminated Lands CY OCT 27-29, 2005 CL Pulawy, POLAND SP Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, State Res Inst ID LABILE CADMIUM; DURUM-WHEAT; POTATO-TUBERS; CHLORIDE; AVAILABILITY; CD; ROOTS AB Enhanced Cd concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain produced on saline soils of central Iran have been recently reported. Because wheat bread is a major dietary component for the Iranian people, practical approaches to decrease Cd concentration in wheat grain were investigated. This study investigated the influence of sunflower-wheat vs. cotton-wheat rotations on extractable Cd and on Cd uptake by wheat in these salt-affected soils. Two fields with different levels of Cd contamination (1.5 and 3.2 mg total Cd kg(-1) dry soil) were cropped with different rotations (cotton-wheat and sunflower-wheat) in Qom province, central Iran. Seeds of cotton (Gossypium L.) or sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Record) were planted in plots. After harvesting of the plants and removal of crop residues, wheat (cv. Rushan) was seeded in all plots. For both studied soils, the concentrations of Cd extracted by 0.04 M EDTA and 1 M CaCl2 were significantly (P <= 0.05) greater after cotton than after sunflower. Accordingly, the total amount of Cd in sunflower shoot was significantly (P <= 0.05) greater than in the cotton shoot. Shoot Cd content in wheat plants grown after cotton and sunflower were significantly different; wheat shoots after cotton accumulated more Cd (two to four times) than after sunflower. Wheat grain Cd concentration after sunflower was much lower (more than seven times) than after cotton. The results of this study showed that sunflower in rotation with wheat in salt-affected soils of central Iran significantly reduced the risk of Cd transfer to wheat grain. C1 Univ Technol, Coll Agr, Dept Soil Sci, Esfahan 84154, Iran. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Khoshgoftarmanesh, AH (reprint author), Univ Technol, Coll Agr, Dept Soil Sci, Esfahan 84154, Iran. EM amirhkhosh@cc.iut.ac.ir NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1136 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0276 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188TJ UT WOS:000247941900023 PM 17596621 ER PT J AU Stuczynski, T Siebielec, G Daniels, WL McCarty, G Chaney, RL AF Stuczynski, Tomasz Siebielec, Grzegorz Daniels, William L. McCarty, Greg Chaney, Rufus L. TI Biological aspects of metal waste reclamation with biosolids SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Remediation of Contaminated Lands CY OCT 27-29, 2005 CL Pulawy, POLAND SP Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, State Res Inst ID SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL; CONTAMINATED SOIL; CADMIUM; ZINC; AMENDMENTS; DESORPTION; SORPTION; NI AB Smelter waste deposits pose an environmental threat worldwide. Biosolids are potentialy useful in reclamation of such sites. Biological aspects of revegetation of Zn and Ph smelter wastelands using biosolids are discussed in this report. The goal of the studies was to assess to what extent biosolid treatment would support ecosystem functioning as measured by biological indicators such as enzyme activities of revegetated metal waste or plant growth. Another crucial aspect was related to the assessment of metal transfer to the ecosystem which could affect the health of local fauna and also create a food chain risk. A field experiment was conducted on a smelter waste deposit in Piekary Slaskie, Silesia, Poland, with two separate fields-established on wastes from the Welz and Doerschel smelting processes. The tested methods allowed revegetation of the fields-application of municipal biosolid at the rate 300 dry t ha(-1) combined with the incorporation of commercial lime in a mixed oxide and carbonate form at the rate of 1.5 and 30 t for Welz waste or use of a 30 cm by-product lime cap followed by incorporation of biosolid at a rate of 300 t ha(-1) for the more acidic Doerschel waste. Studies on biological activities demonstrated that the reclamation methods used are an effective way to establish new, fully-functioning ecosystems that support plant growth. They also provided strong evidence that forage crops grown on Zn, Cd and Ph contaminated sites reclaimed using time and biosolids do not pose identified risk for wildlife and food safety. C1 Virginia Tech, Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stuczynski, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ts@iung.pulawy.pl NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1154 EP 1162 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0366 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188TJ UT WOS:000247941900026 PM 17596624 ER PT J AU Mayer, PM Reynolds, SK McCutchen, MD Canfield, TJ AF Mayer, Paul M. Reynolds, Steven K., Jr. McCutchen, Marshall D. Canfield, Timothy J. TI Meta-analysis of nitrogen removal in riparian buffers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL-PLAIN; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; NORTH-CAROLINA; DESERT STREAM; FOREST; DENITRIFICATION; ZONE AB Riparian buffers, the vegetated region adjacent to streams and wetlands, are thought to be effective at intercepting and reducing nitrogen loads entering water bodies. Riparian buffer width is thought to be positively related to nitrogen removal effectiveness by influencing nitrogen retention or removal. We surveyed the scientific literature containing data on riparian buffers and nitrogen concentration in streams and groundwater to identify trends between nitrogen removal effectiveness and buffer width, hydrological flow path, and vegetative cover. Nitrogen removal effectiveness varied widely. Wide buffers (> 50 m) more consistently removed significant portions of nitrogen entering a riparian zone than narrow buffers (0-25 m). Buffers of various vegetation types were equally effective at removing nitrogen but buffers composed of herbaceous and forest/herbaceous vegetation were more effective when wider. Subsurface removal of nitrogen was efficient, but did not appear to be related to buffer width, while surface removal of nitrogen was partly related to buffer width. The mass of nitrate nitrogen removed per unit length of buffer did not differ by buffer width, flow path, or buffer vegetation type. Our meta-analysis suggests that buffer width is an important consideration in managing nitrogen in watersheds. However, the inconsistent effects of buffer width and vegetation on nitrogen removal suggest that soil type, subsurface hydrology (e.g., soil saturation, groundwater flow paths), and subsurface biogeochemistry (organic carbon supply, nitrate inputs) also are important factors governing nitrogen removal in buffers. C1 USDA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Mayer, PM (reprint author), USDA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74821 USA. EM mayer.paul@epa.gov OI Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 NR 82 TC 165 Z9 179 U1 20 U2 189 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1180 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0462 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188TJ UT WOS:000247941900028 PM 17596626 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Chen, YR Kim, MS Chan, DE Lefcourt, AM AF Liu, Yongliang Chen, Yud-Ren Kim, Moon S. Chan, Diane E. Lefcourt, Alan M. TI Development of simple algorithms for the detection of fecal contaminants on apples from visible/near infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy; image processing; algorithm; principal component analysis; apple; fecal contamination; food safety ID MULTISPECTRAL DETECTION; FLUORESCENCE; IMAGERY; DEFECTS AB Hyperspectral reflectance images of two cultivars of apples were acquired after fecal treatments at three different concentrations to explore the potential for the detection of fecal contaminants on apple surfaces. Region of interest (ROI) spectral features of fecal contaminated areas showed a reduction in reflectance intensity compared to those of uncontaminated skins. Large spectral differences between uncontaminated and fecal contaminated skins of two types of apples occurred in the 675-950 nm visible/NIR region, which provided the basis for developing universal algorithms in the detection of fecal spots. Comparison of a number of processed images revealed that a dual-band ratio (Q(725/811)) algorithm could be used to identify fecal contaminated skins effectively. The result was most important as the two bands are away from the absorptions of natural pigments (such as chlorophylls and carotenoids), and hence can reduce the influence from color variations due to different apple cultivars. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Cheny@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 412 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.11.018 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 147EP UT WOS:000244986500020 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Bailey, JS Altekruse, SF Patel, B Shaw, WK Meinersmann, RJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Berrang, M. E. Bailey, J. S. Altekruse, S. F. Patel, B. Shaw, W. K., Jr. Meinersmann, R. J. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Prevalence and numbers of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses collected at rehang and postchill in 20 US processing plants SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CHICKEN; JEJUNI; SPP.; CONTAMINATION; LEVEL; RECOVERY AB Campylobacter is a human pathogen associated with chicken and chicken meat products. This study was designed to examine the prevalence and number of Campylobacter on broiler chicken carcasses in commercial processing plants in the 14 United States. Carcass samples were collected from each of 20 U.S. plants four times, roughly approximating the four seasons of 2005. At each plant on each sample day, 10 carcasses were collected at rehang (prior to evisceration), and 10 carcasses from the same flock were collected postchill. A total of 800 carcasses were collected at rehang and another 800 were collected postchill. All carcasses were subjected to a whole-carcass rinse, and the rinse diluent was cultured for Campylobacter. The overall mean number of Campylobacter detected on carcasses at rehang was 2.66 log CFU per ml of carcass rinse. In each plant, the Campylobacter numbers were significantly reduced by broiler processing; the mean concentration after chill was 0.43 log CFU/ml. Overall prevalence was also reduced by processing from a mean of >= 30 of 40 carcasses at rehang to 14 of 40 carcasses at postchill. Seven different on-line reprocessing techniques were applied in the test plants, and all techniques resulted in < 1 log CFU/ml after chilling. Use of a chlorinated carcass wash before evisceration did not affect the postchill Campylobacter numbers. However, use of chlorine in the chill tank was related to lower numbers on postchill carcasses. Overall, U.S. commercial poultry slaughter operations are successful in significantly lowering the prevalence and number of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses during processing. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1556 EP 1560 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 187LT UT WOS:000247849900001 PM 17685325 ER PT J AU Palumbo, JD O'Keeffe, TL Abbas, HK AF Palumbo, Jeffrey D. O'Keeffe, Teresa L. Abbas, Hamed K. TI Isolation of maize soil and rhizosphere bacteria with antagonistic activity against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID DAMPING-OFF DISEASE; SP STRAIN SB-K88; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; LYSOBACTER-ENZYMOGENES; IN-VITRO; FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; COTTON SEEDLINGS AB Bacterial isolates from Mississippi maize field soil and maize rhizosphere samples were evaluated for their potential as biological control agents against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. Isolated strains were screened for antagonistic activities in liquid coculture against A. flavus and on agar media against A. flavus and F. verticillioides. We identified 221 strains that inhibited growth of both fungi. These bacteria were further differentiated by their production of extracellular enzymes that hydrolyzed chitin and yeast cell walls and by production of antifungal metabolites. Based on molecular and nutritional identification of the bacterial strains, the most prevalent genera isolated from rhizosphere samples were Burkholderia and Pseudomonas, and the most prevalent genera isolated from nonrhizosphere soil were Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Less prevalent genera included Stenotrophomonas, Agrobacterium, Variovorax, Wautersia, and several genera of coryneform and enteric bacteria. In quantitative coculture assays, strains of P. chlororaphis and P. fluorescens consistently inhibited growth of A. flavus and F. verticillioides in different media. These results demonstrate the potential for developing individual biocontrol agents for simultaneous control of the mycotoxigenic A. flavus and F. verticillioides. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Palumbo, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM palumbo@pw.usda.gov NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1615 EP 1621 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 187LT UT WOS:000247849900009 PM 17685333 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Nou, XW Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Nou, Xiangwu Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Comparison of the molecular genotypes of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 from the hides of beef cattle in different regions of North America SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROCESSING PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION ROUTES; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; DAIRY FARMS; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; CARCASSES; STRAINS AB Cattle hides become contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:117 via pathogen transmission in the feedlot, during transport, and while in the lairage environment at the processing facility, and the bacteria can be transfer-red to beef carcasses during processing. Several studies have shown that E. coli O157:H7 strains possessing indistinguishable restriction digest patterns (RDPs) can be isolated from distant locations. Most of these studies, however, examined RDPs from strains isolated within a single region of the United States or Canada. The experiment described in the present study was designed to identify the molecular genotypes of E. coli O15TH7 isolates from beef cattle hides in nine major cattle-producing regions of North America. Prevalence for E coli O15TH7 in beef cattle hide samples ranged from 9 to 85%. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of XbaI-digested genomic DNA from 1,193 E. coli O15TH7 isolates resulted in 277 unique RDPs. Of the 277 unique XbaI RDPs, 54 contained isolates collected from multiple regions. After two subsequent rounds of PFGE analysis (BlnI and SpeI), there were still many isolates (n = 154) that could not be distinguished from others, even though they were collected from different regions separated by large geographical distances. On multiple occasions, strains isolated from cattle hides in Canada had RDPs that were indistinguishable after three enzyme digestions from cattle hide isolates collected in Kansas and Nebraska. This information clearly shows that strains with indistinguishable RDPs originate from multiple sources that can be separated by large distances and that this should be taken into account when the source tracking of isolates is based on PFGE. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM arthur@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1622 EP 1626 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 187LT UT WOS:000247849900010 PM 17685334 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Bagi, LK AF Fratamico, Pina M. Bagi, Lori K. TI Comparison of methods for detection and isolation of cold- and freeze-stressed Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in raw ground beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA SPP.; PCR; CULTURE; TIME; RECOVERY; O157H7; FOODS; SHOCK AB A comparison was made of the relative efficiencies of three enrichment media, RapidChek Escherichia coli O157:H7 enrichment broth (REB), R&F broth (RFB), and modified E. coli broth containing novobiocin (mEC+n), and four selective plating media for detection of cold- and freeze-stressed E. coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef. Ground beef (25 g) was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at <= 0.5 and <= 2 CFU/g, and samples were then enriched immediately or were stored at 4 degrees C for 72 h or at -20 degrees C for 2 weeks and then enriched. After 8 or 20 h of enrichment, the cultures were plated onto R&F E. coli O157: H7 chromogenic plating medium, cefixime-tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar, CHROMagar O157, and Rainbow agar O157 and tested using the RapidChek E. coli O157 lateral flow immunoassay and a multiplex PCR assay targeting the E. coli O157: H7 eae, stx(1), and stx(2) genes. Recovery of E. coli O157:H7 on the four agar media was 4.0 to 7.9 log CFU/ml with the REB enrichment, 1.4 to 7.4 log CFU/ml with RFB, 1.7 to 6.7 log CFU/ml with mEC+n incubated at 42 degrees C, and 1.3 to 3.3 log CFU/ml from mEC+n incubated at 35 degrees C. The percentages of positive ground beef samples containing nonstressed, cold-stressed, and freeze-stressed E. coli O157:H7 as obtained by plating, the immunoassay, and the PCR assay were 97, 88, and 97%, respectively, with REB, 92, 81, and 78%, respectively, with RFB, 97, 58, and 53%, respectively, with mEC+n incubated at 42 degrees C, and 22, 31, and 25%, respectively, with mEC+n incubated at 35 degrees C. Logistic regression analyses of the data indicated significant main effects of treatment, type of medium, enrichment time, inoculum concentration, and detection method. In particular, a positive result was 1.1 times more likely to occur after 20 h of enrichment than after 8 h, 25 times more likely with RF and REB than with mEC+n at 35 degrees C, 3.7 times more likely with an initial inoculum of <= 2.0 CFU/g than with <= 50.5 CFU/g, 2.5 to 3 times more likely using freeze-stressed or nonstressed bacteria than with cold-stressed bacteria, and 2.5 times more likely by plating than by the immunoassay or the PCR assay. REB had better overall performance for enrichment of cold- and freeze-stressed E. coli O157:H7 present in ground beef than did the other media examined. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1663 EP 1669 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 187LT UT WOS:000247849900016 PM 17685340 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Bayles, D AF Smith, James L. Bayles, Darrell TI Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: A long-term consequence of bacterial gastroenteritis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS; MANAGED CARE PERSPECTIVE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; RISK-FACTORS; GUT; SEROTONIN; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; CELLS AB Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a commonly diagnosed disease characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms that may be associated with psychological illness and emotional problems. The prevalence rate worldwide for IBS ranges from 10 to 20% and is higher for women than for men. IBS imposes a substantial financial burden on both patients and employers because of increased medical costs and decreased work productivity. Recent studies indicate that inflammatory processes involving the gastrointestinal tract are strongly correlated with IBS. Acute bacterial gastroenteritis has been linked with the onset of symptoms in approximately 15% of patients diagnosed with IBS; these cases have been called postinfectious IBS. Organisms commonly associated with postinfectious IBS include the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. The pathologic changes associated with postinfectious IBS are likely due to inflammatory reactions induced by the infecting organisms. Postinfectious IBS should be recognized as a potential long-term consequence of foodborne gastroenteritis. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM james.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1762 EP 1769 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 187LT UT WOS:000247849900032 PM 17685356 ER PT J AU Temesgen, H Goerndt, ME Johnson, GP Adams, DM Monserud, RA AF Temesgen, Hailemariam Goerndt, Michael E. Johnson, Greg P. Adams, Darius M. Monserud, Robert A. TI Forest measurement and biometrics in forest management: Status and future needs of the Pacific Northwest USA SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest measurement and biometrics; decision-support; landscape level analysis; quantifying timber and nontimber resources ID COSTS; OREGON; FIRE AB Forest measurement and biometrics (FMB) programs have been at the heart of forestry education in North America since its beginnings at, the Biltmore Forest School more than 100 years ago. Over the intervening period, the field of forestry has changed in critical ways. There are many forest management and policy issues that, at first glance, do not appear to involve FMB but which, on further examination, are found to be closely linked. In this regard, FMB has both an "inside" and "outside." The outside part faces interactions with its clients and front-line sciences (e.g., forest ecology, silviculture, etc.) which bring new data-analytic ideas to FMB. The clients and professionals in these allied sciences need solutions to pressing quantitative questions. The inside face relates to the need to extend the structure of statistical inference, integrate emerging technologies, and adopt mathematical and statistical precepts to FMB needs. In this essay, we provide a brief overview of the current diversity of FMB applications using examples from business, policy analysis, and ecosystem and landscape analysis; offer our views on the most critical challenges facing FMB researchers and practitioners in the 21st Century; and outline ways how FMB professionals and academic forestry programs might cooperate to meet these challenges. We assert that FMB needs to be responsive to contemporary resource management challenges and address the many land management challenges in the Pacific Northwest and around the world. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Albany, OR 97321 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Temesgen, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, 280 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hailemariam.temesgen@oregonstate.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201IT UT WOS:000248825400007 ER PT J AU Blinn, CR Jakes, PJ Sakai, M AF Blinn, Charles R. Jakes, Pamela J. Sakai, Misato TI Forest landowner cooperatives in the United States: A local focus for engaging landowners SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forestry cooperatives; nonindustrial private forest landowners; family forest owners; landowner assistance programs; Delphi method; SWOT analysis ID FAMILY FORESTS; OWNERS; MANAGEMENT AB Family forest owners are showing an increasing interest in forest landowner cooperatives as a mechanism for providing a variety of services related to sustainable forest management and product processing. Because these cooperatives are locally owned, user-controlled, small-scale participatory entities, they can more easily adopt to member needs than some other landowner assistance programs. Fifteen experts identified the benefits, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to these cooperatives. The results suggest ways in which cooperatives can enhance their effectiveness by seizing opportunities, counteracting threats, and addressing weaknesses. Key issues related to improving cooperative effectiveness include (1) expanding membership to enhance leadership and volunteer assistance, (2) improving marketing efforts, and (3) developing better networks within the local community, with other forestry cooperatives, and with organizations that offer assistance to cooperatives. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Blinn, CR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cblinn@umn.edu; pjakes@fs.fed.us; saka0061@umn.edu OI Blinn, Charlie/0000-0003-1981-5421 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201IT UT WOS:000248825400009 ER PT J AU Barbour, RJ Fight, RD AF Barbour, R. James Fight, Roger D. TI Partnering with planners to develop tools for financial analysis of fuel treatments SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE financial analysis; fuel treatment; planning; fire hazard AB The financial analysis component of the fuel synthesis project was guided by the general specifications of the broader project. The project was requested on behalf of specific users (fuel treatment planners), to address specific questions (how to design and implement fuel treatments), and with specific attributes (easily learned and used by people with little or no background in economics or,financial analysis). The strategy for designing analysis and information to meet this need was to involve the target user group and managers in design, testing, and implementation of the tools. The result is a set of tools that appear to be being adopted more quickly and more widely than any previous financial analysis tools that the authors have developed. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Barbour, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM jbarbour01@fs.fed.us; rogerf2000@aol.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 252 EP 256 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201IT UT WOS:000248825400010 ER PT J AU Johnson, CY Bowker, J Green, G Cordell, H AF Johnson, Cassandra Y. Bowker, J. Green, Gary Cordell, H. TI "Provide it ... but will they come?": A look at African American and Hispanic visits to federal recreation areas SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest recreation; minority visitation; national forests; federal lands ID RACE; MANAGEMENT; ETHNICITY; SOCIETY AB Recent data from the US Forest Service's onsite National Visitor Use Monitoring Survey (National Visitor Use Monitoring Survey, 2004. Unpublished demographic results for 2002-2003. Data on file with Donald English, Program Manager, Visitor Use Monitoring Project, Washington, DC) shows that visits made by African Americans account for very low percentages of visits to national forests across the country. This is true even in the South, a region where African Americans are highly concentrated. In contrast, Hispanic visits to national forests in the Southwest are high, relative to their population proportion. We examine additional national level household data on awareness of federal lands and management to help understand the discrepancy between Hispanic and African American recreational use of federal lands. We hypothesized that awareness,. knowledge of management objectives, and attitudes about fees would reduce African American/Hispanic visitation differences; but strong differences remained after accounting for these factors. Results suggest other factors such as private landownership, and social definitions of place may be useful in considering African American use of wildland public recreation areas in the South. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Johnson, CY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cjohnson09@fs.fed.us; mbowker@fs.fed.us; ggreen@fs.fed.us; kcordell@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 257 EP 265 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201IT UT WOS:000248825400011 ER PT J AU Hoover, C Stout, S AF Hoover, Coeli Stout, Susan TI The carbon consequences of thinning techniques: Stand structure makes a difference SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; thinning; forest carbon ID ALLEGHENY HARDWOODS AB Using results from a 25-year study of thinning in a northwestern Pennsylvania Allegheny hardwood stand, we assess whether and how thinning method affected carbon sequestration and merchantable volume production. Plots were thinned to similar residual relative density by removing trees from different portions of the diameter distribution. Plots that were thinned from below had greater volume production and carbon sequestration rates than plots that were thinned from the middle or thinned from above. Control plots, which were not thinned, also had higher carbon sequestration rates than plots thinned from the middle and higher merchantable volume production and carbon sequestration rates than plots thinned from above. In this forest type, changing stand structure by thinning can affect carbon sequestration and stand growth either positively or negatively. Those effects can be significant, with long-term implications for the growth of the stand. In general, structures that favored volume production also favor carbon sequestration. C1 US Forest Serv Northern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Northern Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Hoover, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv Northern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM choover@fs.fed.us; sstout@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 266 EP 270 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201IT UT WOS:000248825400012 ER PT J AU Bosworth, D Brown, H AF Bosworth, Dole Brown, Hutch TI After the timber wars: Community-based stewardship SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bosworth, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 271 EP 273 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201IT UT WOS:000248825400013 ER PT J AU Rainwater-Lovett, K Pauszek, SJ Kelley, WN Rodriguez, LL AF Rainwater-Lovett, Kaitlin Pauszek, Steven J. Kelley, William N. Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Molecular epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus from the 2004-2005 US outbreak indicates a common origin with Mexican strains SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; TRANSMISSION; REEMERGENCE; EMERGENCE; AMERICA; SITES AB Vesicular stomatitis (VS) outbreaks of unknown origin occur at 8-10-year intervals in the south-western USA with the most recent outbreak beginning in 2004. A previous study has suggested that strains causing US outbreaks are closely related to strains causing outbreaks in Mexico [Rodriguez (2002) Virus Res 85, 211-219]. This study determined the phylogenetic relationships among 116 vesicular stornatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) strains obtained from the 2004 outbreak and from endemic areas in Mexico. All 69 US viruses showed little sequence divergence (<= 1.3 %), regardless of their location or time of collection, and clustered with 11 Mexican viruses into a genetic lineage not previously present in the USA. Furthermore, viruses with identical phosphoprotein hypervariable region sequences to those causing the US outbreaks in 1995-1997 and 2004-2005 were found circulating in Mexico between 2002 and 2004. Molecular adaptation analysis provided evidence for positive selection in the phosphoprotein and glycoprotein genes during a south-to-north migration among 69 US viruses collected between the spring and autumn of 2004 and 2005. Phylogenetic data, temporal-spatial distribution and the finding of viral strains identical to those causing major outbreaks in the USA circulating in Mexico demonstrated that VS outbreaks in the south-western USA are the result of the introduction of viral strains from endemic areas in Mexico. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 88 BP 2042 EP 2051 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82644-0 PN 7 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 188YJ UT WOS:000247954900024 PM 17554039 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Sakakibara, Y Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Sakakibara, Yoshikiyo Cotta, Michael A. TI Production of D-arabitol by a newly isolated Zygosaccharomyces rouxii SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zygosaccharomyces rouxii; d-arabitol production; xylitol from glucose; resting yeast cells; osmophilic yeast ID XYLITOL; STRAIN AB A newly isolated Zygosaccharomyces rouxii NRRL 27,624 produced D-arabitol as the main metabolic product from glucose. In addition, it also produced ethanol and glycerol. The optimal conditions were temperature 30 degrees C, pH 5.0, 350 rpm, and 5% inoculum. The yeast produced 83.4 +/- 1.1 g D-arabitol from 175 +/- 1.1 g glucose per liter at pH 5.0, 30 degrees C, and 350 rpm in 240 h with a yield of 0.48 g/g glucose. It also produced D-arabitol from fructose, galactose, and mannose. The yeast produced D-arabitol and xylitol from xylose and also from a mixture of xylose and xylulose. Resting yeast cells produced 63.6 +/- 1.9 g D-arabitol from 175 +/- 1.8 g glucose per liter in 210 h at pH 5.0, 30 degrees C and 350 rpm with a yield of 0.36 g/g glucose. The yeast has potential to be used for production of xylitol from glucose via D-arabitol route. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1007/s10295-007-0211-y PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 178TG UT WOS:000247242400007 PM 17357803 ER PT J AU Downer, KE Nachman, RJ Stoffolano, JG AF Downer, K. E. Nachman, R. J. Stoffolano, J. G., Jr. TI Factors affecting engorgement behavior in the salt marsh horse fly, Tabanus nigrovittatus macquart (Diptera : Tabanidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sulfakinins; temperature; engorgement; feeding techniques; horse flies ID FEEDING RESPONSES; PHORMIA-REGINA; FOOD-INTAKE; BLOOD; OVIPOSITION; SULFAKININ; SATIETY AB Female Tabanus nigrovittatus were field collected and used in laboratory experimentation to explore physiological and behavioral factors that affect engorgement. Previous studies showed sulfakinins act as feeding satiety factors in insects. This study demonstrates that sulfakinins have differing effects on engorgement that is dependent on the feeding technique used in the laboratory. The satiety effect of sulfakinin on flies engorging using the blood-soaked Kimwipe((R)) feeding technique is not in agreement with previous experiments using an alternate feeding technique with artificial membranes. This study is the first to demonstrate that the temperature of blood is a significant factor for engorgement in this species. Also, the percentage of flies engorging is significantly different depending on the feeding technique used. C1 USDA, APHIS, Otis ANGB, MA 02545 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Div Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Area Wide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Downer, KE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 1398 W Truck Rd, Otis ANGB, MA 02545 USA. EM Kelley.E.Downer@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s10905-007-9086-z PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 190KE UT WOS:000248056900003 ER PT J AU Gitau, CW Gundersen-Rindal, D Pedroni, M Mbugi, PJ Dupas, S AF Gitau, C. W. Gundersen-Rindal, D. Pedroni, M. Mbugi, P. J. Dupas, S. TI Differential expression of the CrV1 haemocyte inactivation-associated polydnavirus gene in the African maize stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) parasitized by two biotypes of the endoparasitoid Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CrV1 genes; Cotesia sesamiae; busseola fusca; gene expression ID RUBECULA BRACOVIRUS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; PIERIS-RAPAE; HOST; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; LARVAE; KENYA AB Polydnaviruses are rarely studied for their natural variation in immune suppressive abilities. The polydnavirus harboring braconid Cotesia sesamiae, a widespread endoparasitoid of Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis in sub-Saharan Africa exists as two biotypes. In Kenya, the western biotype completes development in B. fusca larvae. However, eggs of the coastal C sesamiae are encapsulated in this host and ultimately, no parasitoids emerge from parasitized B. fusca larvae. Both biotypes develop successfully in S. calamistis larvae. Encapsulation activity by B. fusca larvae towards eggs of the avirulent C sesamiae was detectable six hours post-parasitization. The differences in encapsulation of virulent and avirulent strains were associated with differences in nucleotide sequences and expression of a CrV1 polydnavirus (PDV) gene, which is associated with haemocyte inactivation in the Cotesia rubecula/Pieris rapae system. CrV1 expression was faint or absent in fat body and haemolymph samples from B. fusca parasitized by the avirulent C. sesamiae, which exhibited encapsulation of eggs. Expression was high in fat body and haernolymph samples from both B. fusca and S. calamistis larvae parasitized by the virulent C sesamiae, encapsulation in the former peaking at the same time points as CrV1 expression in the latter. Non synonymous difference in CrV1 gene sequences between virulent and avirulent wasp suggests that variations in B. fusca parasitism by C sesamiae may be due to qualitative differences in CrV1-haemocyte interactions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Kenyatta Univ, Nairobi, Kenya. CNRS, Lab Populat Genet & Evolut, IRD, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Gitau, CW (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, POB 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM cgitau@icipe.org RI Gitau, Catherine/J-8355-2012; OI Clarke, Catherine/0000-0002-4397-9381 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 53 IS 7 BP 676 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.04.008 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 201WP UT WOS:000248863600006 PM 17570392 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Perera, OP Boykin, D Abel, C Gore, J Matten, SR Ramirez-Sagahon, JC Teran-Vargas, AP AF Blanco, Carlos A. Perera, Ornaththage P. Boykin, Debbie Abel, Craig Gore, Jeff Matten, Sharlene R. Ramirez-Sagahon, Juan C. Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. TI Monitoring Bacillus thuringiensis-susceptibility in insect pests that occur in large geographies: How to get the best information when two countries are involved SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Invertebrate-Pathology CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Soc Invertebrate Pathol DE Heliothis virescens; bioassays; Cry1Ac; storage time; temperature ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; RESISTANCE; DIET AB The adoption of cotton producing insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis, commonly referred to as Bt cotton, around the world has proven to be beneficial for growers and the environment. The effectiveness of this important genetically-modified crop can be jeopardized by the development of resistance to Bt cotton by pests it is meant to control, with the possibility that this phenomenon could develop in one country and spread to another by means of insect migration. To preserve the effectiveness of this agricultural biotechnology, regulatory agencies have developed plans to mitigate the development of resistance, and research institutions constantly monitor for shifts in Bt-susceptibility in important pests. If Bt-resistance is detected, this finding needs to be corroborated by an independent laboratory according to current regulatory requirements; a process that presents numerous challenges. We investigated the biological activity of Bt-incorporated diet on Helicoverpa. virescens L. after it was stored for several days at different temperatures. Diet stored up to nine days at different temperatures (-14 to 27 degrees C) produced the same biological effect on H. virescens as freshly-prepared diet. Elevating tile temperature of Bt stock solution to 76 degrees C as compared to 26 degrees C yielded significantly higher reading of apparent Cry1Ac concentration from MVP II, but not enough to elicit a significant biological response when these stock solutions were incorporated into insect artificial diet. These findings are important particularly when the confirmation of resistance is done at a distant location, such as Mexico, or when diet is shared between laboratories, and must be stored for later use, as in the case of international collaboration. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Direc Gen Sanidad Veget, Sectret Agr Ganarderia Desarrollo Rural Pes & Ali, Mexico City 04100, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales, Agricolas & Pecuarias, Cuauhtemoc, TAM 89610, Mexico. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cblanco@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 95 IS 3 SI SI BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.03.009 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 187MB UT WOS:000247850700010 PM 17499760 ER PT J AU Allen, RG Tasumi, M Morse, A Trezza, R Wright, JL Bastiaanssen, W Kramber, W Lorite, I Robison, CW AF Allen, Richard G. Tasumi, Masahiro Morse, Anthon Trezza, Ricardo Wright, James L. Bastiaanssen, Wim Kramber, William Lorite, Ignacio Robison, Clarence W. TI Satellite-based energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration (METRIC) - Applications SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE metric systems; calibration; evapotranspiration; satellites; water rights; crops AB Recent satellite image processing developments have provided the means to calculate evapotranspiration (ET) as a residual of the surface energy balance to produce ET "maps." These ET maps (i.e., images) provide the means to quantify ET on a field by field basis in terms of both the rate and spatial distribution. The ET images show a progression of ET during the year or growing season as well as its spatial distribution. The mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) is a satellite-based image-processing procedure for calculating ET. METRIC has been applied with high resolution Landsat images in southern Idaho, southern California, and New Mexico to quantify monthly and seasonal ET for water rights accounting, operation of ground water models, and determination of crop coefficient populations and mean curves for common crops. Comparisons between ET by METRIC, ET measured by lysimeter, and ET predicted using traditional methods have been made on a daily and monthly basis for a variety of crop types and land uses. Error in estimated growing season ET was 4% for irrigated meadow in the Bear River basin of Idaho and 1% for an irrigated sugar beet crop near Kimberly, Id. Standard deviation of error for time periods represented by each satellite image averaged about 13 to 20% in both applications. The results indicate that METRIC and similar methods such as SEBAL hold substantial promise as efficient, accurate, and inexpensive procedures to estimate actual evaporation fluxes from irrigated lands throughout growing seasons. C1 Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Idaho Dept Water Resources, Boise, ID 83720 USA. USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID USA. WaterWatch, NL-6703 BS Wageningen, Netherlands. Idaho Dept Water Resources, Boise, ID 83720 USA. IFAPA, CIFA, Cordoba, Spain. RP Allen, RG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM rallen@kimberly.uidaho.edu; tasumi@kimberly.uidaho.edu; tony.morse@idwr.idaho.aov; rtrezza@kimberly.uidaho.edu; bill.kramber@idwr.idaho.gov; rallen@kimberly.uida-ho.edu RI Lorite-Torres, Ignacio/B-8261-2011 OI Lorite-Torres, Ignacio/0000-0002-0833-9362 NR 33 TC 201 Z9 213 U1 8 U2 63 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 133 IS 4 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2007)133:4(395) PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 190ZK UT WOS:000248099200012 ER PT J AU Keyes, MK Jang, H Mason, JB Liu, ZH Crott, JW Smith, DE Friso, S Choi, SW AF Keyes, Mary K. Jang, Hyeran Mason, Joel B. Liu, Zhenhua Crott, Jimmy W. Smith, Donald E. Friso, Simonetta Choi, Sang-Woon TI Older age and dietary folate are determinants of genomic and p16-specific DNA methylation in mouse colon SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC COLORECTAL-CANCER; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES; CPG ISLANDS; P16(INK4A); EXPRESSION; HYPERMETHYLATION; RATS; SUPPLEMENTATION; NEOPLASIA; HYPOMETHYLATION AB Older age and inadequate folate intake are strongly implicated as important risk factors for colon cancer and each is associated with altered DNA methylation. This study was designed to determine the effects of aging and dietary folate on select features of DNA methylation in the colon that are relevant to carcinogenesis. Old (18 mo; n = 34) and young (4 me; n= 32) male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and fed diets containing 0, 4.5, or 18 mu mol folate/kg (deplete, replete, and supplemented groups, respectively) for 20 wk. Genomic DNA methylation and p16 promoter methylation in the colonic mucosa were analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/MS and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. p16 gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Old mice had significantly lower genomic DNA methylation compared with young mice at each level of dietary folate (4.5 +/- 0.2, 4.8 +/- 0.1, and 4.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 6.0 +/- 0.1, 5.3 +/- 0.2, and 5.9 +/- 0.2%, in folate-deplete, -replete, and -supplemented groups, respectively, P < 0.05) and markedly higher p16 promoter methylation (61.0 +/- 2.7, 69.7 +/- 6.9, and 87.1 +/- 13.4vs. 10.8 +/- 3.6, 8.4 +/- 1.8, and 4.9 +/- 1.7%, respectively, P < 0.05). In old mice, genomic and p16 promoter DNA methylation each increased in a manner that was directly related to dietary folate (P(trend) = 0.009). Age-related enhancement of pl6 expression occurred in folate-replete (P = 0.001) and folate-supplemented groups (P = 0.041), but not in the folate-deplete group. In conclusion, aging decreases genomic DNA methylation and increases promoter methylation and expression of p16 in mouse colons. This effect is dependent on the level of dietary folate. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02478 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02478 USA. Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-37134 Verona, Italy. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02478 USA. EM sang.choi@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA10097, K05 CA100048, R03 CA96004]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG25834]; NIAAA NIH HHS [R21 AA16681] NR 50 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 7 BP 1713 EP 1717 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189ET UT WOS:000247972900002 PM 17585020 ER PT J AU Quezada-Calvillo, R Robayo-Torres, CC Opekun, AR Sen, P Ao, Z Hamaker, BR Quaroni, A Brayer, GD Wattler, S Nehls, MC Sterchi, EE Nichols, BL AF Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Robayo-Torres, Claudia C. Opekun, Antone R. Sen, Partha Ao, Zihua Hamaker, Bruce R. Quaroni, Andrea Brayer, Gary D. Wattler, Sigrid Nehls, Michael C. Sterchi, Erwin E. Nichols, Buford L. TI Contribution of mucosal maltase-glucoamylase activities to mouse small intestinal starch alpha-glucogenesis SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEREDITARY DISACCHARIDE INTOLERANCE; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; SYNERGISTIC ACTION; AMYLASE; HYDROLYSIS; MULTIPLICITY; MUTAGENESIS; ACARBOSE; COMPLEX AB Digestion of starch requires activities provided by 6 interactive small intestinal enzymes. Two of these are luminal endoglucosidases named alpha-amylases. Four are exo-glucosidases bound to the luminal surface of enterocytes. These mucosal activities were identified as 4 different maltases. Two maltase activities were associated with sucrase-isomaltase. Two remaining maltases, lacking other identifying activities, were named maltase-glucoamylase. These 4 activities are better described as alpha-glucosidases because they digest all linear starch oligosaccharides to glucose. Because confusion persists about the relative roles of these 6 enzymes, we ablated maltase-glucoamylase gene expression by homologous recombination in Sv/129 mice. We assayed the alpha-glucogenic activities of the jejunal mucosa with and without added recombinant pancreatic alpha-amylase, using a range of food starch substrates. Compared with wild-type mucosa, null mucosa or alpha-amylase alone had little alpha-glucogenic activity. alpha-Amylase amplified wild-type and null mucosal alpha-glucogenesis. alpha-Amylase amplification was most potent against amylose and model resistant starches but was inactive against its final product limit-dextrin and its constituent glucosides. Both sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase were active with limit-dextrin substrate. These mucosal assays were corroborated by a C-13-limit-dextrin breath test. In conclusion, the global effect of maltase-glucoamylase ablation was a slowing of rates of mucosal alpha-glucogenesis. Maltase-glucoamylase determined rates of digestion of starch in normal mice and alpha-amylase served as an amplifier for mucosal starch digestion. Acarbose inhibition was most potent against maltase-glucoamylase activities of the wild-type mouse. The consortium of 6 interactive enzymes appears to be a mechanism for adaptation of a-glucogenesis to a wide range of food starches. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Fac Ciencias Quim, CIEP, San Luis Potosi 78360, Mexico. Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Biol Sci, Physiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Ingenium Pharmaceut AG, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Nichols, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM bnichols@bcm.tmc.edu NR 34 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 7 BP 1725 EP 1733 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189ET UT WOS:000247972900004 PM 17585022 ER PT J AU Hambidge, KM Mazariegos, M Solomons, NW Westcott, JE Lei, S Raboy, V Grunwald, G Miller, LV Sheng, XY Krebs, NF AF Hambidge, K. Michael Mazariegos, Manolo Solomons, Noel W. Westcott, Jamie E. Lei, Sian Raboy, Victor Grunwald, Gary Miller, Leland V. Sheng, Xiaoyang Krebs, Nancy F. TI Intestinal excretion of endogenous zinc in Guatemalan school children SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HOMEOSTASIS; ABSORPTION; MAIZE AB The intestine is the major route of excretion of endogenous zinc (Zn) and has a key role in maintaining Zn homeostasis. The principal objective of this paper is to provide an interpretative report of quantities of endogenous fecal Zn (EFZ) excreted by rural Guatemalan school children fed either normal or low phytate maize as their principal food staple. EFZ was measured by a Zn stable isotope technique. EFZ did not differ between control and low phytate maize groups. The overall EFZ (n = 53) was (mean +/- SD) 1.56 +/- 0.69 mg Zn/d or 0.07 +/- 0.03 mg Zn center dot kg body wt(-1)center dot d(-1). EFZ was not correlated with the quantity of Zn absorbed. The estimated EFZ at the level of absorption that matched the physiologic requirement (EFZ(PR)) did not differ from the above mean value. The EFZPR of 0.07 +/- 0.03 mg Zn/kg body wt is twice the value currently used in the estimation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Supported by other recent childhood data, these results suggest that the current estimates of EFZPR used in the calculation of Zn requirements for children are misleadingly low. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City 01011, Guatemala. ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Hambidge, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM michael.hambidge@uchsc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD40657]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30 DK48520] NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 7 BP 1747 EP 1749 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189ET UT WOS:000247972900007 PM 17585025 ER PT J AU Harrington, DJ Booth, SL Card, DJ Shearer, MJ AF Harrington, Dominic J. Booth, Sarah L. Card, David J. Shearer, Martin J. TI Excretion of the urinary 5C-and 7C-aglycone metabolites of vitamin K by young adults responds to changes in dietary phylloquinone and dihydrophylloquinone intakes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MENAQUINONE-4; RATS; TISSUES; SAMPLE; PLASMA; OILS AB The physiological function and putative health roles of vitamin K-dependent proteins now extend beyond their classical role in hemostasis and include bone mineralization, arterial calcification, apoptosis, phagocytosis, growth control, chemotaxis, and signa I transduction. Current assessments of vitamin K status do not reflect the variety of molecular forms of vitamin K. We assessed whether urinary excretion of 2-methyl-3-(5'-carboxy-3'-methyl-2'-pentenyl)- 1, 4-naphthoquinone (7Cag lycone) and 2-methyl-3-(3'-3'-carboxymethylpropyl)- 1,4-naphthoquinone (5C-aglycone), vitamin K metabolites common to both phylloquinone and the menaquinone series, reflect dietary vitamin K intake. In a randomized crossover study, 9 adults resided in a metabolic unit for two 30-d periods separated by a free-living period of >= 4 wk. During each residency, subjects consumed 3 sequential diets: a control diet (93 mu g phylloquinone/d) for 5 d, a phylloquinone-restricted diet (11 mu g/d) for 15 d, followed by a randomly assigned repletion diet for 10 d with either phylloquinone (206 mu g/d) or dihydrophylloquinone (240 mu g/d). During the second residency, the alternative repletion diet was assigned. Urinary excretion of the 5C- and 7C-aglycones was measured in sequential 24-h collections. The 5C-aglycone accounted for similar to 75% of total excretion and declined in response to phylloquinone restriction (P = 0.001) to similar to 30% of that during the control diet period. Repletion with phylloquinone and dihydrophylloquinone doubled the excretion rate of the major 5C-aglycone by 24 h (P < 0.001), and tripled excretion by 4 d. There was a linear relationship between the logarithm of total urinary excretion and dietary vitamin K intake (r = 0.699, P < 0.001). We conclude that the urinary excretion of vitamin K metabolites reflects dietary phylloquinone intake and offers the first candidate marker of global vitamin K status. C1 St Thomas Hosp, Ctr Haemostasis & Thrombosis, London SE1 7EH, England. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Harrington, DJ (reprint author), St Thomas Hosp, Ctr Haemostasis & Thrombosis, London SE1 7EH, England. EM domonic.harrington@gstt.nhs.uk NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 7 BP 1763 EP 1768 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189ET UT WOS:000247972900010 PM 17585028 ER PT J AU Raman, G Tatsioni, A Chung, M Rosenberg, IH Lau, J Lichtenstein, AH Balk, EM AF Raman, Gowri Tatsioni, Athina Chung, Mei Rosenberg, Irwin H. Lau, Joseph Lichtenstein, Alice H. Balk, Ethan M. TI Heterogeneity and lack of good quality studies limit association between folate, vitamins B-6 and B-12, and cognitive function SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; DIETARY-FOLATE; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; SERUM FOLATE; RISK-FACTORS; FOLIC-ACID; DEMENTIA; DECLINE; NEUROTOXICITY AB We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association between folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and cognitive function in the elderly. Our search was conducted in Medline for English-language publications of human subjects from 1966 through November 2006; we supplemented these results with information from article reviews and domain experts. We included longitudinal cohort and case-control studies of B vitamins and analyses of cognitive tests or Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the quality and heterogeneity of study outcomes and assessed 30 different cognitive function tests, Of 24 studies that met eligibility criteria, 16 were determined to be of fair quality. A majority of the studies reviewed 2 or more B vitamins. Considerable heterogeneity was found among B-vitamin-level thresholds, comparisons, and data analyses. Six of 10 folate studies reported a significant association between low baseline blood folate concentrations and subsequent poor test performance in the global cognitive domain, and 4 of 9 folate studies found associations between low blood folate concentrations and increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease. Studies did not reveal an association of vitamin B-6 and vitamin B-12 blood concentrations with cognitive-test performance or Alzheimer's disease, nor was B-vitamin dietary intake associated with cognitive function. Higher plasma homocysteine concentrations were associated with poorer cognitive function. Although the majority of studies indicated that low blood folate concentrations predicted poorer cognitive function, data supporting this association were limited because of the heterogeneity in cognition-assessment methodology, and scarcity of good quality studies and standardized threshold levels for categorizing low B-vitamin status. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Tufts New England Med Ctr Evidence Based Practice, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU PHS HHS [290-02-0023] NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 7 BP 1789 EP 1794 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189ET UT WOS:000247972900014 PM 17585032 ER PT J AU Galpin, L Thakwalakwa, C Phuka, J Ashorn, P Maleta, K Wong, WW Manary, MJ AF Galpin, Lauren Thakwalakwa, Chrissie Phuka, John Ashorn, Per Maleta, Ken Wong, William W. Manary, Mark J. TI Breast milk intake is not reduced more by the introduction of energy dense complementary food than by typical infant porridge SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TO-USE FOOD; MALNOURISHED MALAWIAN CHILDREN; HOME-BASED THERAPY; SEVERE MALNUTRITION; GROWTH; MOTHERS; TRIAL; SUPPLEMENTATION; UNDERWEIGHT; CONSUMPTION AB The effect of different energy densities of complementary foods on breast milk consumption is not well understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that provision of fortified spread (FS), a micronutrient fortified, energy-dense (22 kJ/g), ready-to-use food, to Malawian infants would not decrease their breast milk intake more than a traditional corn + soy blended flour (CSB). Forty-four healthy 6-mo-old Infant and mother pairs were enrolled in a prospective, parallel group, investigator-blinded, randomized controlled complementary feeding trial. Infants were randomized to receive 25 g/d of FS, 50 g/d of FS, or 72 g/d of CSB. The primary outcome was the difference in breast milk intake after 1 mo of complementary feeding as measured by the dose-to-mother deuterium oxide dilution technique. Outcomes were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. A total of 41 mother-infant pairs completed the study. At enrollment, 88% of the infants had received corn porridge. At baseline, the infants consumed 129 +/- 18 g center dot kg body wt(-1) center dot d(-1) (mean +/- SD) of breast milk. After I mo of complementary feeding with 25 g/d FS, 50 g/d FS, or 72 g/d CSB, their breast milk consumption was 115 +/- 18 g center dot kg body wt(-1)center dot d(-1), a significant reduction; however, the effects of the complementary foods did not differ from one another (F-value model = 4.33, P = 0.0008 for effect of time and P = 0.69 for effect of type of food). The results suggest that complementary feeding of Malawian infants with FS has the same effect on their breast milk intake as complementary feeding with traditional CSB porridge. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre 3, Malawi. Univ Tampere, Sch Med, Dept Int Hlth, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland. Tampere Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Manary, MJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM manary@kids.wustl.edu NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 7 BP 1828 EP 1833 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189ET UT WOS:000247972900020 PM 17585038 ER PT J AU Buell, JS Arsenault, LN Scott, TM Qiu, WQ Rosenberg, IH Folstein, MF Tucker, KL AF Buell, J. S. Arsenault, L. N. Scott, T. M. Qiu, W. Qiao Rosenberg, I. H. Folstein, M. F. Tucker, K. L. TI Multivitamin use and B vitamin status in a homebound elderly population SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; SUPPLEMENT USE; FOLATE; PLASMA; HEALTH; WOMEN; RISK; HYPERTENSION AB Objective: Homebound elderly are at increased risk for micronutrient deficiencies and nutritional status in this population has not been adequately described. There is evidence for beneficial effects of multivitamin use and a greater understanding of their nutritional contribution could identify behaviors that may help alleviate excess chronic disease. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate, in a racially diverse group of homebound elders, the association of multivitamin use with measures of plasma B vitamin concentrations. Design: We examined the cross-sectional association between multivitamin use and plasma concentrations of B vitamins and homocysteine in 236 white and 182 black homebound elders (65-99y). Dietary intake was assessed and demographic and health information was ascertained. Results: White and black elders had a high prevalence of dietary intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement for folate (38.1 and 40.7%), vitamin B6 (16.9 and 19.2%.), and vitamin B12 (3 and 3.9%) respectively. Multivitamin use was associated with higher mean plasma B vitamin concentrations in each group. In whites, multivitamin users had higher concentrations of vitamin B6 (64.6 vs. 32.4 nmol/L; p<0.001), vitamin B12 (398 vs. 324 pmol/L;p<0.001) and folate (39.4 vs. 30.4 nmol/L;p<0.001). Black multivitamin users had higher concentrations of vitamin B6 (53.7 vs. 29.5 nmol/L; p<0.001), B12 (427 vs. 372 pmol/L; p<0.05) and folate (35.7 vs. 25.4 nmol/L;p<0.001) than non-users. Conclusions: Multivitamin supplementation was associated with higher mean plasma concentrations of vitamins B6, B12, and folate and lower prevalence of low plasma B vitamin status in a biracial homebound elderly population. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU SERDI EDITION PI PARIS PA 320 RUE SAINT-HONORE, PARIS, 75001, FRANCE SN 1279-7707 J9 J NUTR HEALTH AGING JI J. Nutr. Health Aging PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 299 EP 303 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 194BB UT WOS:000248317800001 PM 17653485 ER PT J AU Saari, JT Wold, LE Duan, JH Ren, J Carlson, HQL Bode, AM Lentsch, AB Zeng, HW Schuschke, DA AF Saari, Jack T. Wold, Loren E. Duan, Jinhong Ren, Jun Carlson, Hanqian L. Bode, Ann M. Lentsch, Alex B. Zeng, Huawei Schuschke, Dale A. TI Cardiac nitric oxide synthases are elevated in dietary copper deficiency SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide synthase; heart; copper deficiency; NF kappa B; eNOS; iNOS ID NF-KAPPA-B; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEART-FAILURE; RATS; RESTRICTION; APOPTOSIS; MICE; PHOSPHORYLATION; CARDIOMYOPATHY AB Dietary copper (Cu) deficiency leads to cardiac morphological and functional defects suggestive of heart failure. However, simultaneous cytoprotective events also appear to occur. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this complex alteration of cardiac function by Cu deficiency have not been elucidated. Because prior work has implicated altered nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in this altered function, we have examined this pathway in further detail. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets that were either Cu adequate (6 mg Cu/kg diet) or Cu deficient (< 0.5 mg Cu/kg diet) for 5 weeks. Endothelial NO synthase (NOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) protein expressions, as measured by Western blot analysis, were 58% and 40% higher, respectively, in Cu-deficient than in Cu-adequate rat hearts. Cardiac NOS activity, as measured by conversion of H-3-arginine to H-3-citrulline, was 130% higher in Cu-deficient than in Cu-adequate rats. NF kappa B is a known transcription factor for iNOS. Activation of NF kappa B, determined by an ELISA for the p65 subunit, was found to be 33% higher in Cu-deficient than in Cu-adequate rats. Coupled with prior evidence of elevated cardiac nitrate/nitrite production in Cu-deficient rats, these data suggest multiple pathways for enhanced NO production that may contribute to altered cardiac function under dietary Cu deficiency. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Minnesota, Hormel Inst, Austin, MN 55912 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Saari, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jsaari@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK055030] NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 7 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.07.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 181NP UT WOS:000247443700002 PM 16997540 ER PT J AU Chew, YC Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Chew, Yap Ching Sarath, Gautam Zempleni, Janos TI An avidin-based assay for histone debiotinylase activity in human cell nuclei SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE avidin; biotin; biotinidase; debiotinylation; histones ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HUMAN-SERUM BIOTINIDASE; LUNG-CANCER CELLS; JURKAT CELLS; HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE; BIOTINYLATION; DEFICIENCY; EXPRESSION; CARBOXYLASES; DEPENDS AB The covalent binding of biotin to histories participates in heterochromatin formation, cell cycle progression and cellular response to DNA breaks. Biotinylation of histories appears to be a reversible process, but the identity of enzymes that remove biotin marks is largely unknown. Our long-term goal is to identify histone debiotinylases in human cells. Here we developed an avidin-based plate assay to quantify historic debiotinylase activities in nuclear extracts. This assay is an essential first step in purifying and identifying histone debiotinylases from human cells. Using this assay, we demonstrated that debiotinylation of histories depends on temperature and pH, consistent with enzyme catalysis. Experiments with purified histones, proteases and protease inhibitors provide evidence that removal of biotin marks from histories is mediated by debiotinylases rather than by proteases. Activities of histone debiotinylases varied among human tissues: colon=lung > placenta=liver > lymphoid cells. This assay proved useful in monitoring activities of putative histone debiotinylases during their partial purification from cells. Collectively, this assay is a useful tool for investigating histone debiotinylases in human tissues. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jzempleni2@unl.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK063945, R01 DK060447, DK 60447, DK 063945] NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 7 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.09.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 181NP UT WOS:000247443700006 PM 17156993 ER PT J AU Quezada-Calvillo, R Robayo-Torres, CC Ao, ZH Hamaker, BR Quaroni, A Brayer, GD Sterchi, EE Baker, SS Nichols, BL AF Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Robayo-Torres, Claudia C. Ao, Zihua Hamaker, Bruce R. Quaroni, Andrea Brayer, Gary D. Sterchi, Erwin E. Baker, Susan S. Nichols, Buford L. TI Luminal substrate "brake" on mucosal maltase-glucoamylase activity regulates total rate of starch digestion to glucose SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alpha-amylase; alpha-limit dextrin; maltodextrin; maltase-glucoamylase; sucrase-isomaltase ID PANCREATIC ALPHA-AMYLASE; HUMAN INTESTINAL DISACCHARIDASES; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; SYNERGISTIC ACTION; HYDROLYSIS; INTOLERANCE; ABSORPTION; MULTIPLICITY; MUTAGENESIS AB Background: Starches are the major source of dietary glucose in weaned children and adults. However, small intestine alpha-glucogenesis by starch digestion is poorly understood due to substrate structural and chemical complexity, as well as the multiplicity of participating enzymes. Our objective was dissection of luminal and mucosal alpha-glucosidase activities participating in digestion of the soluble starch product maltodextrin (MDx). Patients and Methods: Immunoprecipitated assays were performed on biopsy specimens and isolated enterocytes with MDx substrate. Results: Mucosal sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) contributed 85% of total in vitro alpha-glucogenesis. Recombinant human pancreatic alpha-amylase alone contributed < 15% of in vitro alpha-glucogenesis; however, alpha-amylase strongly amplified the mucosal alpha-glucogenic activities by preprocessing of starch to short glucose oligomer substrates. At low glucose oligomer concentrations, MGAM was 10 times more active than SL but at higher concentrations it experienced substrate inhibition whereas SI was not affected. The in vitro results indicated that MGAM activity is inhibited by alpha-amylase digested starch product "brake" and contributes only 20% of mucosal alpha-glucogenic activity. SI contributes most of the alpha-glucogenic activity at higher oligomer substrate concentrations. Conclusions: MGAM primes and SI activity sustains and constrains prandial alpha-glucogenesis from starch oligomers at approximately 5% of the uninhibited rate. This coupled mucosal mechanism may contribute to highly efficient glucogenesis from low-starch diets and play a role in meeting the high requirement for glucose during children's brain maturation. The brake could play a constraining role on rates of glucose production from higher-starch diets consumed by an older population at risk for degenerative metabolic disorders. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, CIEP Fac Sci Quim, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Biol Sci, Physiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Digest Dis & Nutr Ctr, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Nichols, BL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM bnichols@bcm.tmc.edu NR 47 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31804216fc PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 183CU UT WOS:000247551100006 PM 17592362 ER PT J AU Cessna, SG Matsumoto, TK Lamb, GN Rice, SJ Hochstedler, WW AF Cessna, Stephen G. Matsumoto, Tracie K. Lamb, Gregory N. Rice, Shawn J. Hochstedler, Wendy Wenger TI The externally derived portion of the hyperosmotic shock-activated cytosolic calcium pulse mediates adaptation to ionic stress in suspension-cultured tobacco cells SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aequorin; calcium; inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate; salinity; signal transduction ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; SALT TOLERANCE; PLANT-CELLS; KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; CA2+; SALINITY; SPECIFICITY; HOMEOSTASIS AB The influx of Ca2+ into the cytosol has long been suggested to serve as a signaling intermediate in the acquisition of tolerance to hyperosmotic and/or salinity stresses. Here we use aequorin-transformed suspension-cultured tobacco cells to directly assess the role of cytosolic calcium (Ca-cyt(2+)) signaling in salinity tolerance acquisition. Aequorin luminescence recordings and Ca-45 influx measurements using inhibitors of Ca2+ influx (Gd3+ and the Ca2+-selective chelator EGTA), and modulators of organellar Ca2+ release (phosphotipase C inhibitors U73122 or neomycin) demonstrate that hyperosmolarity, whether imposed by NaCl or by a non-ionic molecule sorbitol, induces a rapid (returning to baseline levels of Ca2+, within 10 min) and complex Ca-cyt(2+) pulse in tobacco cells, deriving both from Gd +-sensitive externally derived Ca influx and from U73122- and neomycin-sensitive Ca2+ release from an organelle. To determine whether each of the two components of this brief Ca2+ signal regulate adaptation to hyperosmotic shock, the Ca2+ pulse was modified by the addition of d, U73122, neomycin, or excess Ca2% and then cells were treated with salt or sorbitol. After 10 min the cell culture medias were diluted with additional hyperosmotic media to reduce the toxic affects of the modulators, and the growth of cells was measured after 1 week. Gd3+ treatment reduced growth in salt relative to control cells but not in sorbitol, and exposure to excess Ca2+ increased growth in salt but not in sorbitol. In contrast, exposure to inhibitors of IP3 formation had no effect on growth in salt or sorbitol. Therefore, although hyperosmotic treatment stimulates both Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from an internal Ca2+ depot, only Ca2+ influx has a measurable impact on ionic stress tolerance acquisition in tobacco cell suspensions. In contrast, osmoadaptation in these cells appears to occur independent of Ca2+ signaling. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Chem, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, PBARC, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI USA. RP Cessna, SG (reprint author), Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Biol, 1200 Pk Rd, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. EM cessnas@emu.edu OI Cessna, Stephen/0000-0001-7233-8711 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 164 IS 7 BP 815 EP 823 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.11.002 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 195JF UT WOS:000248407800001 PM 17240476 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Cooke, P Solaiman, DKY AF Ashby, Richard D. Cooke, Peter Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Topographical imaging as a means of monitoring biodegradation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE poly(3-hydroxybutanoate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate); degradation; scanning electron microscopy; confocal microscopy; topography ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS GK13; POLY-BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE; 3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; NATURAL-WATERS; LEMOIGNEI; DEPOLYMERASE; DEGRADATION; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-3-HYDROXYVALERATE); POLYESTERS; POLY(BETA-HYDROXYALKANOATES) AB Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) are a class of bacterially-derived polymers that are naturally biodegradable through the action of extracellular depolymerase enzymes secreted by a number of different bacteria and fungi. In this paper we describe the development of topographical imaging protocols (by both scanning electron microscopy; SEM, and confocal microscopy; CM) as a means of monitoring the biodegradation of solution cast films of poly(3-hydroxybutanoate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (P3HB/3HHx) and medium-chain-length (mcl-) PHA. Pseudomonas lemoignei and Comamonas P37C were used as sources for PHA depolymerase enzymes as these bacteria are known to degrade at least one of the polymers in question. SEM revealed the bacterial colonization of the film surfaces while CM permitted the comparative assessment of the roughness of the film surfaces upon exposure to the two bacterial strains. By dividing the total surface area of the film (A') by the total area of the scan (A) it was possible to monitor biodegradation by observing differences in the topography of the film surface. Prior to inoculation, P3HB/3HHx films had an A'/A ratio of 1.06. A 24-h incubation with P. lemoignei increased the A'/A ratio to 1.47 while a 48- and 120-h incubation with Comamonas resulted in A'/A ratios of 1.16 and 1.33, respectively. These increases in the A'/A ratios over time demonstrated an increase in the irregularity of the film surface, indicative of PHA polymer breakdown. C1 ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coproducts Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coproducts Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rick.ashby@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s10924-007-0058-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 224ZA UT WOS:000250485700003 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA AF Kleinman, Peter J. A. TI Managing drainage ditches for water quality SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Penn State Univ, USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 80A EP 80A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100009 ER PT J AU Needeman, BA Kleinman, PJA Strock, JS Allen, AL AF Needeman, B. A. Kleinman, P. J. A. Strock, J. S. Allen, A. L. TI Improved management of agricultural drainage ditches for water quality protection: An overview SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE canals; channelized streams; drainage ditches; water quality ID PEAT AREAS; VEGETATION; WETLAND; RUNOFF; EUTROPHICATION; LANDSCAPES; PHOSPHORUS; MITIGATION; FORESTRY; METHANE AB Agricultural drainage ditches are essential for the removal of surface and ground water to allow for crop production in poorly drained agricultural landscapes. Ditches also mediate the flow of pollutants from agroecosystems to downstream water bodies. This paper provides in overview of the science, management, and policy of ditches. Ditches provide a unique opportunity to address nonpoint source pollution problems from agriculture due to the concentration of the contaminants and the engineered nature of ditch systems. A better understanding of the nature of these complex system and the technologies available and under development to improve their management will assist in the design and implementation of water quality protection programs. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN USA. Univ Maryland, Princess Anne, MD USA. RP Needeman, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 53 TC 60 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 28 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100010 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Srinivasan, MS Kleinman, PJA Schmidt, JP Allen, AL AF Vadas, P. A. Srinivasan, M. S. Kleinman, P. J. A. Schmidt, J. P. Allen, A. L. TI Hydrology and groundwater nutrient concentrations in a ditch-drained agroecosystem SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE ditch; drained agroecosystem; groundwater; hydrology; nitrogen concentration; phosphorus concentrations; water tables ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; DELAWARE AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGEWAYS; WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS TRANSFORMATIONS; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; SOILS AB Groundwater nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transport from ditch-drained, cultivated fields has not been adequately investigated in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.We monitored hydrology and groundwater N and P concentrations in 26 shallow (similar to 3m [10 ft]) wells for 27 months oil a heavily ditched, poultry-grain farm on Maryland's Lower Eastern Shore. Water tables fluctuated above and below shallow ditches, but were always higher than deep ditches.Thus, groundwater flow to shallow ditches was intermittent, but flow to deep ditches was continuous. Water tables rose rapidly with rain, but drained back front 15 to 60 cut (6 to 24 in) the first day after rain. The rate of water table fill decreased rapidly thereafter. Water tables frequently perched oil top of subsoil clay horizons. Although perching persisted only 24 to 48 hours, nutrient transport could be accelerated if rapid, lateral movement of water to ditches occurs. Frequent and widespread concentrations of groundwater NO3-N greater than 10 mg L-1 Show subsurface N loss from the farm is probable. High concentrations of dissolved P existed in groundwater, but P movement in groundwater was restricted. Rain infiltrating through topsoils mobilized soil P into groundwater and moved considerably high concentrations of P as deep as 1.5 in (4 ft), where elevated P concentrations persisted for days or weeks. Groundwater P concentrations were greatest where high water table hydrology combined with the greatest soil P concentrations. Delivery of groundwater P to shallow ditches was apparently controlled by near-ditch soil P conditions, while P delivery to deep ditches was controlled by how deep groundwater, flowed. Therefore, hunting soil 11 accumulation in near-ditch zones may help reduce P delivery to shallow ditches, and increasing the length of groundwater flow paths through low-P subsoils may help reduce P delivery to deep ditches. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 178 EP 188 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100011 ER PT J AU Strock, JS Dell, CJ Schmidt, JP AF Strock, J. S. Dell, C. J. Schmidt, J. P. TI Managing natural processes in drainage ditches for nonpoint source nitrogen control SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE ditch; nitrate; nitrogen; total nitrogen; water quality ID AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; RIPARIAN ZONES; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION; STREAMS; WATERSHEDS; DYNAMICS; REMOVAL; CORN AB In watersheds dominated by agriculture, artificial drainage systems can efficiently and quickly transport excess water from agricultural soils. The application of more nitrogen (N) than a crop uses creates a surplus in the soil and increases the risk of N loss to the environment. We examine issues associated with agricultural N use, N transfer from artificially drained agricultural land to drainage ditches, N cycling within ditches, and options for management. Watercourses in agricultural watersheds often have high concentrations of N and are effectively N saturated. Numerous processes are involved in N cycling dynamics and transport pathways in aquatic ecosystems including N mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification. Flow control structures can lower N losses related to artificial drainage by increasing water retention tune and allowing greater N removal. An ongoing study in Minnesota compares the impact of flow control structures on N losses from paired ditches with and without flow control. During the first year of observation, results were mixed, with lower N concentrations in nonstorm event samples from the ditch with the flow control structure, but no significant difference in annual total N load between the two ditches. Appropriate management of drainage ditches represents a potential opportunity to remove biologically available forms of N from drainage water through a combination of physical and biogeochemical processes. C1 Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Strock, JS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN USA. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100012 ER PT J AU Sharpley, AN Krogstad, T Kleinman, PJA Haggard, B Shigaki, F Saporito, LS AF Sharpley, A. N. Krogstad, T. Kleinman, P. J. A. Haggard, B. Shigaki, F. Saporito, L. S. TI Managing natural processes in drainage ditches for nonpoint source phosphorus control SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE drainage ditches; phosphorus; phosphorus; transport; sediment; water quality ID DELAWARE AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGEWAYS; WATER-QUALITY; NUTRIENT RETENTION; STREAM ECOSYSTEM; SEDIMENT; PHOSPHATE; DYNAMICS; RELEASE; RIVER; SOIL AB Drainage ditches are an integral part of agricultural landscapes in many areas. We evaluated the effect of physical, chemical, and biological properties of three sources of ditch sediments on phosphorus (P) transport in the ditches. Using an indoor "fluvarium," we found that sediments from ditches draining agricultural areas maintained an appreciably higher dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration in flowing water (0.374 rug L-1 [0-374 ppm]) than did forested sediments (0.006 mg, L-1). The larger release of P from agricultural sediments reflects a greater Mehlich-3 P and equilibrium P concentration (EPC0) of these sediments. When DRP was added to ditch water (2.60 mg L-1) to simulate surface runoff from soils amended with poultry litter, water equilibrated to 0.194 mg DRP L-1 with agricultural sediments and 2.096 mg DRP L-1 with forest sediments. The larger removal of P by agricultural sediments was related to a greater P sorption maximum and clay content of those sediments. Gamma irradiation of the ditch sediments showed microbial P biomass accounted for 10% to 40% P uptake. Thus, both abiotic and biotic processes are important in drainage ditches and influence whether ditch sediments act as sources or sinks of P transported from these drained areas. Clearly drainage ditches arc reactive conduits in terms of P transport and can influence not only lie amount but environmental bioavailability of P exported and thereby biological response of receiving waters. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Norwegian Univ LIfe Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, As, Norway. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Sharpley, AN (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 61 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100013 ER PT J AU Pierce, SC Pezeshki, SR Moore, MT AF Pierce, S. C. Pezeshki, S. R. Moore, M. T. TI Ditch plant response to variable flooding: A case study of Leersia oryzoides (rice cutgrass) SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE drainage ditch; Leersia oryzoides; primary productivity; variable flooding ID SOIL-MOISTURE REGIMES; SALIX-NIGRA CUTTINGS; REDOX CONDITIONS; ANOXIA TOLERANCE; OAK SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; WATER; WETLANDS; PRODUCTIVITY; POPULATIONS AB Vegetated drainages are an effective method for removal of pollutants associated with agricultural runoff. Leersia oryzoides (rice cutgrass), a plant common to agricultural ditches, may be particularly effective in the remediation process; however, responses of L. oryzoides to flooding are undocumented. The objective of this greenhouse study was to characterize responses of L. oryzoides to various soil moisture regimes representative of agricultural ditches, including four treatments ranging from well drained to saturated. Over the eight weeks of the study, plants were subjected to four flooding regimes that included a (1) well-watered, well-drained control; (2) well-watered, well-drained intermittently flooded treatment; (3) partially flooded treatment, and (4) continuously flooded treatment. Decreases in photosynthesis occurred only when soil redox potential (Eh) dropped below +350 mV (all flooded treatments). Although flooding reduced belowground:aboveground biomass ratios, overall productivity and root development were unaffected. Results indicated that management practices increasing retention time in agricultural ditches would not reduce productivity in L. oryzoides until soil oxygen is depleted for sufficient duration to induce reduction. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Pierce, SC (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 216 EP 225 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100015 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Allen, AL Needelman, BA Sharpley, AN Vadas, PA Saporito, LS Folmar, GJ Bryant, RB AF Kleinman, P. J. A. Allen, A. L. Needelman, B. A. Sharpley, A. N. Vadas, P. A. Saporito, L. S. Folmar, G. J. Bryant, R. B. TI Dynamics of phosphorus transfers from heavily manured Coastal Plain soils to drainage ditches SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE drainage ditches; groundwater; nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus; poultry litter; runoff ID SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL; SORPTION; CHLOROPHYLL; WATERSHEDS AB Understanding the dynamics of phosphorus (P) transport in agricultural drainage ditches is essential to their improved management for water quality protection. Seven ditches draining soils with a 20+ year history of receiving poultry litter were monitored: two Cor five years and five for one year. Ditches receiving run off from point sources (e.g., barns) exported 4.3 to 25.3 kg total P ha(-1) (3.8 to 22.6 lb total P ac(-1)) from 2005 to 2006, while ditches draining areas with only nonpoint source contributions exported 2.6 to 4.8 kg total P ha(-1) (2.3 to 4.3 lb total P ac(-1)) during that period. High concentrations of P in field soils (Mehlich-3 P averaged 441 ring kg(-1), or parts per million) and ditch soils (Mehlich-3 P averaged 171 mg kg-1) suggest that desorption is the key nonpoint source process controlling P in ditch flow. Over five Years, total P losses from two ditches with only nonpoint source P contributions were 1.4 to 26.2 kg ha(-1) (1.3 to 23.4 lb ac(-1)). Overland flow from the fields to these two ditches accounted for < 8% of annual ditch P export, pointing to groundwater as a key Pathway for P transport to ditches. Because P export from ditches was primarily in storm flow and groundwater sampling was primarily during base flow this study does not provide compelling insight into the role of groundwater in ditch P transport. Only occasionally, did dissolved P concentrations in groundwater and ditch flow correspond, and P export from the ditches occurred primarily in storm flow Sampling of algal mats formed on the bottom of ditches suggests that floating algae may exacerbate sediment-related P transport. Results point to the need for new ditch management practices that can sequester dissolved Forms of P and trap floating sources of R in combination with traditional methods that primarily address sediment-bound P. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 28 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 225 EP 235 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100016 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JP Dell, CJ Vadas, PA Allen, AL AF Schmidt, J. P. Dell, C. J. Vadas, P. A. Allen, A. L. TI Nitrogen export from coastal plain field ditches SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE ditches; drainage basin; hydrology; nitrogen; poultry manure ID DRAINAGE; NITRATE; LOSSES; HYDROLOGY; WATER AB Mitigating the adverse impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications depends on an understanding of transport mechanisms and flow pathways. The objective of this study was to quantify N export from seven ditches on the Maryland Eastern Shore. Ditches were monitored between june 2005 and May 2006, including flow and sample analyses for storms and base flow Mean total N and NO3-N concentrations were 10.6 and 6.0 mg L-1 (10.6 and 6.0 ppm) for ditch 8, which were 2 times the total N and NO3 -N concentrations for any other ditch. Greater mean concentrations in ditch 8 translated to 43.5 kg ha(-1) (38.8 lb -N loss, which were not consistent with ac(-1)) total N loss and 24.9 kg ha(-1) (22.2 lb ac(-1)) NO3 losses observed for any of the other ditches. The elevated losses in ditch 8 coincided with the presence of a manure storage shed located in this drainage basin. The two ditches (7 and 8) nearest the manure storage shed had the greatest increase in organic N loss as I function of drainage Outflow increasing 0.062 kg ha(-1) (1.56 lb ac(-1)) per mm (m) drainage outflow compared to 0.017 kg ha(-1) (0.45 lb ac(-1)) per mm (m) outflow for the other five ditches. Ditches 2 and 3 had the greatest outflow of water (640 mm [25.2 m]), contributing to greater NO3-N loads-a consequence of greater groundwater drainage. Implementing management strategies that mitigate N losses from agricultural fields should be considered in the context of ditch hydrology and drainage basin features. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD USA. RP Schmidt, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100017 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Pappas, EA AF Smith, D. R. Pappas, E. A. TI Effect of ditch dredging on the fate of nutrients in deep drainage ditches of the Midwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE ammonium; drainage ditch; dredging; phosphorus; nitrate; water quality ID POINT-SOURCE INPUT; RETENTION EFFICIENCY; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; DESERT STREAM; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; SEDIMENT; MEHLICH-3; DYNAMICS AB Dredging of drainage ditches is necessary to ensure that agricultural fields are drained adequately. This study compared the potential impacts of dredging on water quality Using a fluvarium (stream simulator), bed material collected from drainage ditches prior to dredging was better able to remove NO3-N, NH4-N, and soluble P from water than material collected from the bed of the ditches after dredging. Water column NH4-N concentrations were reduced to 0 mg L-1 (0 ppm) earlier in pre-dredged bed material. Nutrient uptake rates were greater for the ditch bed niaterials collected prior to dredging. Dredging decreased the specific Surface area of ditch bed sediments and removed some of the biota responsible for nutrient uptake by the bed sediments in these ditches. Resource managers should perform maintenance tasks, including ditch dredging, when nutrient loads are expected to be low, thus minimizing the potential water quality impacts. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 252 EP 261 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100019 ER PT J AU Pappas, EA Smith, DR AF Pappas, E. A. Smith, D. R. TI Effects of dredging an agricultural drainage ditch on water column herbicide concentration, as predicted by fluvarium techniques SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland, Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE atrazine; drainage ditch; glyphosate; metolachlor; water quality ID 4 SOILS; SORPTION; GLYPHOSATE; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR; N-(PHOSPHONOMETHYL)GLYCINE; DEGRADATION; REMEDIATION; EQUILIBRIA; PESTICIDES AB In artificially drained agricultural areas, dredging of drainage ditches is often necessary to ensure adequate field drainage. Stream-simulator (fluvarium) experiments were performed to evaluate the potential of associated bed material changes to impact water column concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, and glyphosate. In the first experiments, water having high herbicide concentrations flowed across bed sediment collected from a ditch immediately before or after dredging. Afterward, water having initially zero herbicide concentrations flowed across these sediments. Results indicate that the bed sediments remaining after dredging, which had coarser texture and lower organic matter, may contribute to overall higher water herbicide levels in the short term by removing significantly less glyphosate from contaminated water and contributing marginally higher sustained levels of herbicide to uncontaminated water, applicable where sediments exhibit similar dredging characteristic effects. In this case, dredging when herbicide levels are expected to be lowest can help minimize increased transport of some herbicides. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Nat Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pappas, EA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Nat Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 262 EP 268 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100020 ER PT J AU Penn, CJ Bryant, RB Kleinman, PJA Allen, AL AF Penn, C. J. Bryant, R. B. Kleinman, P. J. A. Allen, A. L. TI Removing dissolved phosphorus from drainage ditch water with phosphorus sorbing materials SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches for Water Quality Protection CY AUG 22, 2006 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP USDA Agr Res Serv, Univ Maryland Eastern Shore HO Univ Maryland DE drainage ditches; phosphorus removal structure; phosphorus sorbing materials; water quality ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; AMENDED POULTRY LITTER; SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; TREATMENT RESIDUALS; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; SOLUBILITY; RUNOFF; ALUM; CORN AB The loss of nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P), in agricultural drainage waters is a priority conservation concern. Open drainage ditches concentrate runoff and therefore offer opportunities tor capturing P in runoff from large areas of land. This paper provides all overview of the potential to use P sorbing materials in drainage ditches to sequester dissolved P from ditch water. We describe factors affecting the selection of P sorbing materials for use in treating ditch water and review several approaches to their application in ditches. In addition, experiential insight is provided with regard to developing and installing a P removal structure within a ditch that has high concentrations of dissolved P in flow Preliminary data indicate that such structures have great promise in treating not only dissolved P in ditch flow, but also trace metals (arsenic. copper, nickel, zinc). C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Res Management Unit, University Pk, PA USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD USA. RP Penn, CJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 33 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 269 EP 276 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 205WA UT WOS:000249144100021 ER PT J AU Cooper, CS Southard, T Schultz, D Scorpio, D Dunn, J Montali, R AF Cooper, C. S. Southard, T. Schultz, D. Scorpio, D. Dunn, J. Montali, R. TI A case of Marek's disease in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, SOM, Baltimore, MD USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RI Scorpio, Diana/C-4839-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 196ZK UT WOS:000248522000091 ER PT J AU Hampsch, J Peters, S Mann, D Guinn, R Matthews, DL Kissinger, C Marchant-Forde, JN Poletto, R AF Hampsch, J. Peters, S. Mann, D. Guinn, R. Matthews, D. L. Kissinger, C. Marchant-Forde, J. N. Poletto, R. TI Prototype device for computerized blood sampling and data collection in freely moving swine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Res Bioanalyt Syst Inc, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, Lab Anim Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 139 EP 139 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 196ZK UT WOS:000248522000191 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Latona, RJ Marmer, WN AF Mozersky, S. M. Latona, R. J. Marmer, W. N. TI Removal of available decorin (core-protein from powdered bowne hide by treatments used to process intact hides into leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Using a modification of a previously developed sandwich Elisa procedure to measure decorin core-protein (DCP), we determined the available dlecorin content of a sample of raw powdered bovine hide before and after treatment with the reagents used in the early steps of the process for converting a hide into leather. ("Available" refers to the availability of the decorin for interaction with the antibodies used in the Elisa procedure.) We found approximately 0.16 ma available decorin/g hide in the raw powdered hide. Treatment with liming reagents resulted in a drop of 99.7 +0.3/-0.6 % in available decorin content. This result justifies (future) experiments to determine the available DCP content before and after unhairing, liming, deliming, and bating of intact hides, where the removal of decorin may be restricted by diffusion. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM samuel.mozersky@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 102 IS 7 BP 222 EP 226 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 186RO UT WOS:000247796000003 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Isbell, TA Rooney, A Levinson, WE Frykman, H AF Kuo, Tsung Min Isbell, Terry A. Rooney, Alejandro Levinson, William E. Frykman, Hans TI Production of 14-Oxo-cis-II-eicosenoic acid from lesquerolic acid by Sphingobacterium multivorum NRRL B-23212 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bioconversion; lesquerolic acid; 14-oxo-cis-II-eicosenoic acid; Sphingobacterium multivorum; whole-cell catalysis ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; OLEIC-ACID; 10-KETOSTEARIC ACID; RICINOLEIC ACID; CONVERSION; DIVERSITY; STRAINS; COMPOST AB The objective of this study was to explore the extent of microbial conversion of lesquerolic acid (14-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic acid; LQA) by whole cell catalysis and to identify the newly converted products. Among compost isolates including NRRL strains B-23212 (Sphingobacterium multivorum), B-23213 (Acinetobacter sp.), B-23257 (Enterobacter cloacae B), B-23259 (Escherichia sp.) and B-23260 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) the S. multivorum strain was the only microorganism that converted LQA to produce a new product identified as 14-oxo-cis-11-eicosenoic acid by GC-MS and NMR analyses. The conversion yield was 47.4% in 48 h at 200 rpm and 28 degrees C in small shake flask experiments. In comparison, both Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas strains failed to convert LQA to major new products but used LQA apparently as an energy source during fermentation. For structural analysis, 6.88 g of 14-oxo-cis-11-eicosenoic acid was produced from converting I I g LQA (a 62% yield) in 72 h at 200 rpm and 28 degrees C in Fernbach flasks using 18-h-old NRRL B-23212 cultures and an improved medium that also contained EDTA and glycerol in lieu of glucose as carbon source. NRRL B-23212 was further identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a unique strain of S. multivorum. Therefore, S. multivorum NRRL B-23212 possesses an enzymatic activity presumably a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase for converting LQA to produce 14-oxo-cis-11-eicosenoic acid, a first report that demonstrates the functional modification of LQA by whole cell catalysis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM TsungMin.Kuo@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 84 IS 7 BP 639 EP 643 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1085-x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 203YY UT WOS:000249011200004 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Marmer, WN AF Piazza, George J. Marmer, William N. TI Conversion of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylglycerol with phospholipase D and glycerol SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; cardiolipin; electrospray ionization; high performance liquid chromatography; phosphatidic acid; phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylglycerol; phospholipase D ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEM; PHASE AB When phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is acted upon by the enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) in the presence of glycerol and water, at least two products can arise: phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) from hydrolysis and PtdGly from transphosphatidylation. Commercial PLD preparations from Streptomyces chromofuscus, Streptomyces sp., and cabbage were examined for their ability to selectively promote PtdGly formation in a two phase aqueous-organic solvent system. Factors examined were enzyme amount, pH, glycerol concentration, and the type of organic solvent. The reaction of PtdCho to give products such as PtdGly was followed by HPLC using a stationary phase consisting of a polymerized poly (vinyl alcohol) on silica gel with ELSD. The identities of all products were confirmed by retention times and HPLC-MS analyses. Under all tested conditions PLD from S. chromofuscus gave at most a 15% yield of PtdGly. Higher amounts of added glycerol inhibited this PLD. Nearly quantitative conversion to PtdGly was obtained with cabbage PLD when the mol ratio of glycerol to PtdCho was at least 64 (mol water/glycerol = 105). With PLD from Streptomyces sp. a nearly quantitative yield of PtdGly was obtained when the mol ratio of glycerol to PtdCho was at least 5.3 (mol water/glycerol = 1,266), demonstrating that this PLD had a higher selectivity for glycerol than cabbage PLD. When the glycerol concentration was very low, the level of PtdOH increased, and cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) was generated. The highest mol ratio PtdGly to PtdOH was observed when the solvents isopropyl ether or dichloromethane were used. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.piazza@ars.usda.gov OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 84 IS 7 BP 645 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1081-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 203YY UT WOS:000249011200005 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Sharma, BK Doll, KM Erhan, SZ AF Moser, Bryan R. Sharma, Brajendra K. Doll, Kenneth M. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Diesters from oleic acid: Synthesis, low temperature properties, and oxidation stability SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE additives; biodiesel; cloud point diesters; oxidative stability; pour point ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; EPOXIDIZED VEGETABLE-OILS; ALPHA-HYDROXY ETHERS; METHYL SOYATE; OXIRANE RING; DEGRADATION; SERIES; OLEATE AB Several diesters were prepared from commercially available oleic acid and common organic acids. The key step in the three step synthesis of oleochemical diesters entails a ring opening esterification of alkyl 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoates (alkyl: propyl, isopropyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl) using propionic and octanoic acids without the need for either solvent or catalyst. Each synthetic diester was evaluated for both low temperature operability and oxidation stability through measurement of cloud point, pour point, oxidation onset temperature, and signal maximum temperature. It was discovered that increasing chain length of the mid-chain ester and branching in the end-chain ester had a positive influence on the low temperature properties of diesters. Improved oxidation stability is achieved when the chain length of the mid-chain ester is decreased. Additionally, the mid-chain ester plays a larger role in oxidation stability than the end-chain ester. These products may prove useful in the search for bio-based industrial materials, such as lubricants, surfactants, and fuel additives. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 84 IS 7 BP 675 EP 680 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1083-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 203YY UT WOS:000249011200009 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE Layne, D AF Hummer, Kim E. Layne, Des TI Introduction to the Workshop "Blueberries - Now and the Future" SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB This introduction provides a lead-in to the workshop entitled: Blueberries - Now and the Future. This workshop consisted of four excellent speakers summarizing the latest in nursery production, horticultural practices, breeding and development and the nutraceutical benefits of Vaccinium, commonly known as blueberries. The workshop was presented on Saturday 29 July 2006, following the Annual Business Meeting of the American Pomological Society (APS) in New Orleans, Louisiana. The APS sponsored a workshop which was attended by more than 75 scientists and growers. A taste testing of blueberry cultivars followed the presentations. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 186PN UT WOS:000247790700005 ER PT J AU Draper, A AF Draper, Arlen TI Blueberry breeding: Improving the unwild blueberry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Blueberries - Now and the Future CY JUL 29, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Pomol Soc AB The history, present status, and future challenges of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) breeding are summarized, including breeding of highbush, rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Draper, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 186PN UT WOS:000247790700007 ER PT J AU Kalt, W Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B AF Kalt, Wilhelmina Joseph, James A. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Blueberries and human health: A review of current reseach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Blueberries - Now and the Future CY JUL 29, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Pomol Soc ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; CANCER PREVENTION; PHENOLIC CONTENT; AGED RATS; FRUIT; VEGETABLES; MODEL AB Renewed interest in the health functionality of blueberry (i.e., Vaccinium species with blue surface color) has led to research in several areas including neuroscience, cardiovascular health, cancer chemoprevention and aging. This article reviews these new directions in blueberry research, with emphasis on in vivo studies, and will be of interest to those involved in horticulture, food science, and biomedical sciences. The antioxidant activity and polyphenolic constituents of blueberry, and polyphenolic bioavailability and response to processing, are also summarized. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kalt, W (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, 32 Main St, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. EM kaltw@agr.ge.ca NR 48 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 186PN UT WOS:000247790700011 ER PT J AU Osorno, JM Munoz, CG Beaver, JS Ferwerda, FH Bassett, MJ Miklas, PN Olezyk, T Bussey, B AF Osorno, Juan M. Munoz, Carlos G. Beaver, James S. Ferwerda, Feiko H. Bassett, Mark J. Miklas, Phil N. Olezyk, Teresa Bussey, Bill TI Two genes from Phaseolus coccineus confer resistance to bean golden yellow mosaic virus in common bean SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), incited by a whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) transmitted geminivirus, is an important disease that can limit common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Central America, the Caribbean, and southern Florida. Only a few genes are currently deployed in BGYMV-resistant common bean cultivars. The identification of novel sources of resistance would help bean breeders broaden the genetic base of resistance to this important virus. Phaseolus coccineus L. germplasm accession G35172 was found by International Center for Tropical Agriculture scientists to be resistant to BGYMV. Populations derived from an interspecific cross between P. vulgaris and P. coccineus were evaluated to study the inheritance of resistance to BGYMV. Segregation ratios of F-2 plants and other populations suggest that BGYMV resistance from P. coccineus is controlled by two genes. A recessive gene, with the proposed symbol bgm-3, confers resistance to leaf chlorosis and a dominant gene, with the proposed name Bgp-2, prevents pod deformation in the presence of BGYMV. Results from allelism tests with previously reported BGYMV resistance genes (bgm, bgm-2, and Bgp) and the absence of the SR-2 sequence-characterized amplified region marker for bgm support the hypothesis that bgm-3 and Bgp-2 are different genes for BGYMV resistance. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Hort, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Wellington, FL 33414 USA. RP Osorno, JM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, POB 5051, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM juan.osorno@ndsu.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 132 IS 4 BP 530 EP 533 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 190NV UT WOS:000248066700013 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Bradford, JM AF Malik, Nasir S. A. Bradford, Joe M. TI Different flower-inducing conditions elicit different responses for free polyamine levels in olive (Olea europaea) leaves SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE olive; polyamine; putrescine; spermidine; spermine ID PROTECTIVE ROLE; PUTRESCINE; ACCUMULATION; ARABIDOPSIS; STRESS; PLANTS; INVOLVEMENT; TOLERANCE AB In various plant species, polyamines have been implicated in regulating developmental phenomena as well as responses to environmental stimuli. The role of polyamines in regulating developmental phenomena in olive trees, such as flowering, is poorly understood, although seasonal changes and temperature effects on polyamine levels in olive trees have been reported. In this study, levels of free polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and spermidine) in the leaves of trees kept under non-inducing conditions were compared with polyamine levels in trees that were induced to flower under chilling and non-chilling conditions. Putrescine and spermine levels were much higher in leaves kept under inductive chilling conditions compared to control trees kept vegetative, but such increased levels of polyamines did not occur in trees that were induced to flower under non-chilling conditions. These results clearly differentiated between the effects of temperature versus the effect of developmental change on free polyamine levels in olive leaves. The results show that changes in free polyamine levels in leaves have little relevance to flowering in olives. Free polyamine levels within auxiliary buds increased when vegetative buds transformed into flowering buds and then declined when buds developed into flowers. Compared to floral buds, immature and mature fruits contained much smaller amounts of polyamines. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Malik, NSA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM nmahk@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI PI KYOTO PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING SHIMODACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO, 602-8048, JAPAN SN 1882-3351 EI 1880-358X J9 J JPN SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.2503/jjshs.76.205 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 192GH UT WOS:000248188300005 ER PT J AU Poulose, SM Jayaprakasha, GK Mayer, RT Girennavar, B Patil, BS AF Poulose, Shibu M. Jayaprakasha, Guddadarangavvanahally K. Mayer, Richard T. Girennavar, Basavaraj Patil, Bhimanagouda S. TI Purification of citrus limonoids and their differential inhibitory effects on human cytochrome P450 enzymes SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE molasses; limonoid aglycones; limonoid glucosides; naringin; alkoxyresorufin; dibenzylfluorescein; cytochrome P450 ID CANCER-CELL-PROLIFERATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED COLON CARCINOGENESIS; HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; GLUCOSIDES; LIMONIN; IONIZATION; FLAVONOIDS; ORANGE AB Recent studies demonstrated that citrus limonoids and flavonoids possess numerous health promoting properties. In the present study, glucosides of limonoids and flavonoids were purified from citrus molasses and limonoid aglycones from citrus seeds. Glucosides were separated on styrene (divinylbenzene), Q-sepharose resins with increasing concentration of sodium chloride. A pH-dependent cold precipitation was carried out for the isolation of naringin in large quantity. Major aglycones such as limonin and nomilin were isolated from seeds by direct crystallization and minor limonoids were purified by vacuum liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by NMR spectra. Individual limonoids were tested for O-dealkylase and hydroxylase activities of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP3A4 and CYP19, using ethoxyresorufin, methoxyresorufin and dibenzylfluorescein as substrates. Partial to high inhibition of CYPs was observed in dose-dependent assays. Significant (P < 0.001) reductions in enzyme activities were observed with purified compounds above 2 mu mol. Kinetic analyses indicated that limonin glucoside inhibited CYP19 competitively (IC50, 7.1 mu mol L-1), whereas Nomilinic acid glucoside inhibited it noncompetitively (IC50, 9.4 mu mol(-1)). Nomilinic acid glucoside was the most potent limonoid, with an overall IC50 of < 10 mu mol, for all the enzymes tested. The differential inhibition of CYPs can be ascribed to structural variations of the limonoid nucleus. Limonoid inhibition of key CYPs involved in carcinogenesis supports growing evidence that citrus limonoids act as anticancer agents. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Patil, BS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, 1500 Res Pkwy,Suite A120, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM b-patil@tamu.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Jayaprakasha, Guddadarangavvanahal/B-3012-2014 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Jayaprakasha, Guddadarangavvanahal/0000-0003-1749-9699 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1699 EP 1709 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2891 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 181NR UT WOS:000247443900012 ER PT J AU Lieurance, DM AF Lieurance, Deah M. TI Biomass allocation of the invasive tree Acacia auriculiformis and refoliation following hurricane-force winds SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biomass equations; dry weight estimation; earleaf acacia; hurricane; invasive species ID MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; HARDWOOD FORESTS; FLORIDA; GROWTH; PLANT; ECOSYSTEMS; ALLOMETRY; WETLANDS; LEAF AB Allometric equations and biomass allocation were determined for the aboveground wood, branch, twig, and leaf components of the invasive tree Acacia auriculiformis in south Florida prior to and after a major hurricane event. A destructive harvest was used and plant partitioned biomass was quantified for 35 trees prior to landfall of hurricane Wilma (October 2005), followed by an assessment of 29 hurricane impacted trees (representing all ontogeny classes) three months later. Allometric equations were developed to estimate plant partitioned biomass using diameter at base and diameter at breast height as predictors of biomass components, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf weight ratio. Diameter at base was the best predictor of biomass allocation in all regression analyses. Hurricane force winds did not alter biomass of major woody components; however significant losses were observed in twig biomass and all measured leaf parameters. The replacement of damaged foliage resulted in overcompensation of leaf area and leaf area ratio. Similarly, leaf biomass, and leaf weight ratio also increased following the hurricane, but levels were lower than pre-hurricane observations. This research facilitates the prediction of A. auriculiformis biomass using non destructive sampling protocols while quantifying its resiliency and compensatory abilities following hurricane disturbance. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Lieurance, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM dlieurance@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 134 IS 3 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2007)134[389:BAOTIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 230AR UT WOS:000250848200007 ER PT J AU Kurylo, JS Knight, KS Stewart, JR Endress, AG AF Kurylo, J. S. Knight, K. S. Stewart, J. R. Endress, A. G. TI Rhamnus cathartica: Native and naturalized distribution and habitat preferences SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE buckthorn; calciophile; distribution; disturbance; Rhamnus cathartica; soil moisture ID WICKEN FEN; NEW-YORK; RHAMNACEAE; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; L.; WISCONSIN; SHRUBS; TREES; CARR AB Rhamnus cathartica L. is a large shrub or small tree native throughout much of Europe and eastern Asia, but invasive in North America. In this review, the current native and invasive distributions of R. cathartica are documented and possible factors limiting its naturalized distribution are considered. Within its broad distribution, R. cathartica occurs in diverse habitats ranging from urban forests to fens. Rhamnus cathartica is shade tolerant, prefers disturbed areas with moist, but not saturated, soils and may have an affinity for alkaline soils high in calcium carbonate. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Biodivers & Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Kurylo, JS (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM jkurylo@inhs.uiuc.edu NR 106 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 68 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 134 IS 3 BP 420 EP 430 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2007)134[420:RCNAND]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 230AR UT WOS:000250848200010 ER PT J AU Engelbrecht, BMJ Tyree, MT Kursar, TA AF Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J. Tyree, Melvin T. Kursar, Thomas A. TI Visual assessment of wilting as a measure of leaf water potential and seedling drought survival SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE method; mortality; performance; regeneration; water relations ID DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; TREE; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS C1 Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Plant Ecol & Systemat, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. USDA Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Engelbrecht, BMJ (reprint author), Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Plant Ecol & Systemat, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM engelbrb@si.edu RI Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1017/S026646740700421X PN 4 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195FU UT WOS:000248398700013 ER PT J AU Elvinger, F Akey, BL Senne, DA Pierson, FW Porter-Spalding, BA Spackman, E Suarez, DL AF Elvinger, Francois Akey, Bruce L. Senne, Dennis A. Pierson, F. William Porter-Spalding, Barbara A. Spackman, Erica Suarez, David L. TI Characteristics of diagnostic tests used in the 2002 low-pathogenicity avian influenza H7N2 outbreak in Virginia SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; Bayesian; diagnostic test validation; RRT-PCR ID VIRUS; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; DISEASES; SUBTYPES; ASSAY; PCR AB An outbreak of low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) H7N2 occurred in 2002 in the Shenandoah Valley, a high-density poultry production region in Virginia. Infected flocks were identified through a combination of observation of clinical signs and laboratory diagnostic tests designed to detect avian influenza (Al) antibodies, virus, or H7-specific RNA. In this report, fitness for purpose of 3 virus/RNA detection assays used during the outbreak was examined: 1) antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (AC-EIA), 2) real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), and 3) virus isolation (VI). Results from testing 762 turkey and 2,216 chicken tracheal swab pooled specimens were analyzed to determine diagnostic sensitivities and specificities of these tests under field conditions using Bayesian techniques for validation of diagnostic tests in the absence of a "gold standard." Diagnostic sensitivities (with 95% probability intervals) in turkeys of AC-EIA and RRT-PCR, in reference to VI, were 65.9 (50.6; 81.3)% and 85.1 (71.9; 95.7)% and of VI 92.9 (78.0; 98.8)% in reference to AC-EIA or 88.7 (76.0; 97.2)% in reference to RRT-PCR; in chickens, diagnostic sensitivities were 75.1 (45.6; 94.2)%, 86.3 (65.9; 97.1)%, and 86.2 (65.8; 97.1)% or 86.3 (66.4; 97.2)%, respectively. Specificities were 99.1 (97.9; 99.8)%, 98.9 (98.0; 99.5)%, and 98.6 (97.4; 99.4)% or 98.8 (97.8; 99.5)% in turkeys and between 99.25% and 99.27% with probability intervals of approximately +/- 0.4% for all tests in chickens. Simultaneous use of AC-EIA and RRT-PCR contributed significantly to the rapid control of the outbreak, but the AI RRT-PCR assay with >85% sensitivity and similar to 99% specificity, combined with relatively low cost and fast turnaround, could be used as the sole diagnostic test in outbreaks of LPAI. C1 Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv,Eatern Reg Off, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Elvinger, F (reprint author), Phase 2,Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM elvinger@vt.edu NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 341 EP 348 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 189MZ UT WOS:000247994300001 PM 17609341 ER PT J AU Wakamatsu, N King, DJ Seal, BS Brown, CC AF Wakamatsu, Nobuko King, Daniel J. Seal, Bruce S. Brown, Corrie C. TI Detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and comparison with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE formalin-fixed; Newcastle disease virus; paraffin-embedded tissue; RT-PCR ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS; DOMESTIC CHICKENS; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; VIRULENCE; SEQUENCE; ORGANS; ASSAY; PCR AB The usefulness of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues was examined and compared to the immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays for detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Spleen and lung tissues were collected from chickens experimentally infected with either of 2 NDV isolates: a low virulent virus (LaSota) and a virulent virus (from the 2002-2003 California outbreak). The tissues were harvested immediately postmortem and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for approximately 52 hours. Also, just before euthanasia, oral and cloacal swabs were collected for virus isolation. RNA was obtained from the FFPE tissues by digestion with proteinase K and subsequent extraction with phenol, chloroform, and isoamyl alcohol. By seminested RT-PCR with primers for the NDV matrix gene, a 232-base pair (bp) product was generated and visualized by electrophoresis. The results of PCR were compared to those of IHC for viral nucleoprotein and ISH for matrix gene (850 bp) on 3-mu m sections and to those of virus isolation from swabs. All samples from infected chickens were positive by RT-PCR, including samples that were negative by both IHC and ISH. The RT-PCR positives included tissue from chickens that were no longer shedding virus detectable by virus isolation. The RT-PCR was an effective and sensitive method to detect NDV in FFPE tissues. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of NDV detection in FFPE tissues as a diagnostic approach possibly suitable for archival materials. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM corbrown@vet.uga.edu NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 396 EP 400 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 189MZ UT WOS:000247994300010 PM 17609350 ER PT J AU Traul, DL Taus, NS Oaks, JL O'Toole, D Rurangirwa, FR Baszler, TV Li, H AF Traul, Donald L. Taus, Naomi S. Oaks, J. Lindsay O'Toole, Donal Rurangirwa, Fred R. Baszler, Timothy V. Li, Hong TI Validation of nonnested and real-time PCR for diagnosis of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in clinical samples SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE real-time PCR; sheep-associated MCF ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; NASAL SECRETIONS; VIRUS; INFECTION; CATTLE; RABBITS; AGENT; DNA AB Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a frequently fatal disease primarily of certain ruminants, is caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). Molecular diagnosis of SA-MCF in affected animals has relied on detection of OvHV-2 DNA using a nested PCR, which has significant potential for amplicon contamination as a routine method in diagnostic laboratories. In this report, a nonnested and a previously developed real-time PCR were validated for detection of OvHV-2 DNA in samples from clinically affected animals. Three sets of blood or tissue samples were collected: 1) 97 samples from 97 naturally affected animals with evidence of clinical SA-MCF; 2) 200 samples from 8 animals with experimentally induced SAMCF; and 3) 100 samples from 100 animals without any evidence of clinical SA-MCF. Among 97 positive samples defined by nested PCR from clinically affected animals, 95 (98%) were positive by nonnested PCR and 93 (96%) were positive by real-time PCR, respectively. One hundred percent of the samples from the animals with experimentally induced MCF were positive by real-time PCR, while 99% were positive by nonnested PCR. Neither nonnested PCR nor real-time PCR yielded a positive result on any of the 100 nested PCR-negative samples from animals without evidence of clinical MCF. The data confirmed that both nonnested and real-time PCR maintained high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of OvHV-2 DNA in clinical samples. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 405 EP 408 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 189MZ UT WOS:000247994300012 PM 17609352 ER PT J AU Nolen-Walston, R Bedenice, D Rodriguez, C Rushton, S Bright, A Fecteau, ME Short, D Majdalany, R Tewari, D Pedersen, D Kiupel, M Maes, R Del Piero, F AF Nolen-Walston, Rose Bedenice, Daniela Rodriguez, Carlos Rushton, Steven Bright, Amy Fecteau, Marie-Eve Short, Diana Majdalany, Ron Tewari, Deepanker Pedersen, Douglas Kiupel, Matti Maes, Roger Del Piero, Fabio TI Eastern equine encephalitis in 9 South American Camelids SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alpaca; alphavirus; arbovirus; encephalitis; llama; neurologic disease; togavirus ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LLAMA LAMA-GLAMA; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; HORSES; VACCINATION; ALPACAS; INFECTION; LESIONS; EMUS AB Background: Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus is a mosquito-borne togavirus (alphavirus) that causes severe (often fatal) encephalitis in many mammalian species, but it has not been reported previously in South American camelids. Hypothesis: South American camelids can become naturally infected with EEE virus and show encephalitic signs similar to those observed in other affected species. Animals: Nine cases (8 alpacas and 1 llama, aged 3.5 weeks to 12 years) were identified; 4 of 9 were <= 10 weeks old. All cases were from the East Coast of the United States and presented in late summer and fall. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to include confirmed cases of EEE in camelids in North America before 2006. Results: Eight of nine (89%) camelids died or were euthanized in extremis, with the mean time to death of 2 days. Clinical signs were consistent with encephalitis and included fever, lethargy, ataxia, seizures, recumbency, torticollis, opisthotonus, and vestibular signs. No consistent hematologic abnormalities were identified, and cerebrospinal fluid contained an increased protein concentration in the single camelid analyzed. No successful therapy was identified. EEE was confirmed by alphavirus detection by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the central nervous system (CNS) and by serology. Findings included polioencephalitis with lymphocytic perivascular cuffing; neutrophil infiltration; gliosis; neuron satellitosis; necrosis; and edema, with intracytoplasmic alphavirus within neurons and glial cells. No virus was detected in extraneural tissues. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In endemic areas, EEE should be considered a differential diagnosis for young and adult camelids with CNS disease. Brain histopathology with indirect IHC or PCR is diagnostic. C1 Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. Tufts Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. N Carolina Vet Diagnost Lab, Raleigh, NC USA. Webster Vet Hosp, Bedford, NH USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. Seekonk Vet Hosp, Great Barrington, MA USA. Penn Anim Diagnost Lab Syst, Harrisburg, PA USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. RP Nolen-Walston, R (reprint author), Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. EM rnolenw@vet.upenn.edu NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 1997 WADSWORTH BOULEVARD, STE A, LAKEWOOD, CO 80214-5293 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 846 EP 852 DI 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[846:EEEISA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 194RM UT WOS:000248361500024 PM 17708408 ER PT J AU Moraes, MP de los Santos, T Koster, M Turecek, T Wang, H Andreyev, VG Grubman, MJ AF Moraes, Mauro Pires de los Santos, Teresa Koster, Marla Turecek, Traci Wang, He Andreyev, Vladimir G. Grubman, Marvin J. TI Enhanced antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus by a combination of type I and II porcine interferons SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RECOMBINANT COXSACKIEVIRUS B3; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ISGF3; HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE-5; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; ALPHA/BETA-INTERFERON; SUBUNIT VACCINE AB Previously, we showed that type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-alpha/beta]) can inhibit foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication in cell culture, and swine inoculated with 10(9) PFU of human adenovirus type 5 expressing porcine IFN-alpha (Ad5-pIFN-alpha) were protected when challenged I day later. In this study, we found that type II pIFN (pIFN-gamma) also has antiviral activity against FMDV in cell culture and that, in combination with pIFN-alpha, it has a synergistic antiviral effect. We also observed that while each IFN alone induced a number of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), the combination resulted in a synergistic induction of some ISGs. To extend these studies to susceptible animals, we inoculated groups of swine with a control Ad5, 10(8) PFU of Ad5-pIFN-alpha, low- or high-dose Ad5-pIFN-gamma, or a combination of Ad5-pIFN-alpha and low- or high-dose Ad5-pIFN-gamma and challenged all groups with FMDV I day later. The control group and the groups inoculated with either Ad5-pIFN-alpha or a low dose of Ad5-pIFN-beta developed clinical disease and viremia. However, the group that received the combination of both Ad5-IFNs with the low dose of Ad5-pIFN-gamma was completely protected from challenge and had no viremia. Similarly the groups inoculated with the combination of Ad5s with the higher dose of Ad5-pIFN-gamma or with only high-dose Ad5-pIFN-gamma were protected. The protected animals did not develop antibodies against viral nonstructural (NS) proteins, while all infected animals were NS protein seropositive. No antiviral activity or significant levels of IFNs were detected in the protected groups, but there was an induction of some ISGs. The results indicate that the combination of type I and 11 IFNs act synergistically to inhibit FMDV replication in vitro and in vivo. C1 USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Anim Plant & Hlth Inspect Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 66 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 13 BP 7124 EP 7135 DI 10.1128/JVI.02775-06 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 180YW UT WOS:000247404900035 PM 17459931 ER PT J AU Cantu, A Ortega-S, JA Mosqueda, J Garcia-Vazquez, Z Henke, SE George, JE AF Cantu, Antonio Ortega-S, J. Alfonso Mosqueda, Juan Garcia-Vazquez, Zeferino Henke, Scoff E. George, John E. TI Immunologic and molecular identification of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; immunoflourescence; Mexico; nested PCR; white-tailed deer ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; ERYTHROCYTES; CULTIVATION; HOST AB The suitability of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as hosts for the cattle ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, has been well documented. These ticks have a wide host range, and both transmit Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, the agents responsible for bovine babesiosis. Although this disease and its vectors have been eradicated from the United States and some states in northern Mexico, it still is a problem in other Mexican states. It is not known if wild cervids like white-tailed deer can act as reservoirs for bovine babesiosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if B. bovis and B. bigemina or antibodies against them occur in white-tailed deer in the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Twenty blood samples from white-tailed deer from two ranches were collected and tested with a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for B. bovis and B. bigemina. Eleven samples were positive for B. bigemina and four for B. bovis by nested PCR; amplicon sequences were identical to those reported in GenBank for B. bovis (Rap 1) and B. bigemina. Results of the IFA test showed the presence of specific antibodies in serum samples. This is the first report of the presence of B. bovis and B. bigemina in white-tailed deer using these techniques and underscores the importance of cervids as possible reservoirs for bovine babesiosis. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. INIFAP, CENID PAVET, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Ortega-S, JA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM poncho.ortega@tamuk.edu NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 504 EP 507 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 202RO UT WOS:000248921100019 PM 17699089 ER PT J AU Zepeda, C AF Zepeda, Cristobal TI Highly pathogenic avian influenza in domestic poultry and wild birds: A risk analysis framework SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FAO/OIE International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza and Wild Birds CY MAY 30-31, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP FAO, OIE AB Animal disease surveillance implies the collection of information related to the occurrence of disease and the implementation of actions for prevention, control, and eradication. in the case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N 1, surveillance in wild birds is an important component of a comprehensive surveillance program to generate information that should lead to specific actions. Few, if any, of these actions are or should be directed toward wild birds; the vast majority are applied to the domestic poultry sector. A comprehensive surveillance plan should address four key areas: early warning, prevention, detection, and emergency response. The paper addresses these components in light of HPAI. Risk analysis for HPAI is broadly outlined with particular emphasis on risk-management strategies, including compartmentalization based on the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) guidelines. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, USDA,APHIS VS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zepeda, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, USDA,APHIS VS, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM cristobal.zepeda@aphis.usda.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 SU S BP S51 EP S54 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 205BM UT WOS:000249087900010 ER PT J AU Kolbe, JA Squires, JR Pletscher, DH Ruggiero, LF AF Kolbe, Jay A. Squires, John R. Pletscher, Daniel H. Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI The effect of snowmobile trails on coyote movements within lynx home ranges SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; competition; coyote; lynx; Lynx canadensis; recreation; snow compaction; snowmobile; snowshoe hare ID SNOWSHOE HARE CYCLE; CANIS-LATRANS; NORTHWESTERN MONTANA; HABITAT SELECTION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; PERFORMANCE; COMPETITION; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY AB Coyotes (Canis latrans) and Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) are sympatric throughout much of the lynx's southern range. Researchers and managers have suggested that the presence of compacted snowmobile trails may allow coyotes to access lynx habitat from which they were previously excluded by deep, unconsolidated snow. This could then allow coyotes to more effectively compete with lynx for snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), the lynx's primary prey. We investigated how coyotes interacted with compacted snowmobile trails by conducting carnivore track surveys and by snow tracking adult coyotes (4 M, 8 F) in areas of western Montana, USA, with both documented lynx presence and recreational snowmobile use. Coyotes remained in lynx habitat having deep snow throughout the winter months. They used compacted snowmobile trails for 7.69% of their travel distance and traveled on them for a median distance of 124 m. Coyotes used compacted forest roads (5.66% of total travel) and uncompacted forest roads (4.62% of total travel) similarly. Coyotes did not travel closer to compacted snowmobile trails than random expectation (coyote R distance from compacted trails = 368 m, random expectation = 339 m) and the distance they traveled from these trails did not vary with daily, monthly, or yearly changes in snow supportiveness or depth. However, they strongly selected for naturally shallower and more supportive snow surfaces when traveling off compacted snowmobile trails. Coyotes were primarily scavengers in winter (snowshoe hare kills composed 3% of coyote feed sites) and did not forage closer to compacted snowmobile trails than random expectation. The overall influence of snowmobile trails on coyote movements and foraging success during winter appeared to be minimal on our study area. The results of this study will allow land managers to better assess the effects of snow-compacting activities on coyotes and lynx. C1 Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Kolbe, JA (reprint author), Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. EM jaykolbe@hotmail.com NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1409 EP 1418 DI 10.2193/2005-682 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800004 ER PT J AU Vercauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Seward, NW Fischer, JW Phillips, GE AF Vercauteren, Kurt C. Lavelle, Michael J. Seward, Nathan W. Fischer, Justin W. Phillips, Gregory E. TI Fence-line contact between wild and farmed cervids in colorado: Potential for disease transmission SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE animal-activated cameras; cervid; Cervus elaphus; chronic wasting disease; Colorado; disease transmission; elk; fence-line contact; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; PRION PROTEIN; SCRAPIE AB Direct and indirect contact between wild and farmed cervids along perimeter fences may play a role in transmission of diseases like chronic wasting disease (CWD), but no studies have quantified such interactions. At 9 high-fenced commercial elk (Cervus elaphus) farms in Colorado, USA, during October 2003 to January 2005, we used animal-activated video to estimate rates of fence-line use by wild cervids, rates of direct contact between farmed and wild cervids, and probability of direct contact when wild cervids were present. We recorded 8-fold-more wild elk per unit time than mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) at fence lines. Depending on site, we recorded 0.66 to 46.90 wild elk per 1,000 hours of camera monitoring. We documented 77 interactions between wild and farmed elk involving naso-oral contact and no contact between wild mule deer and farmed elk. Rate of direct contact ranged from 0.00 to 1.92 direct contacts per 1,000 hours of camera monitoring among sites. Given recorded presence of wild elk, estimated probability of observing direct contact during a 2-minute video recording ranged from 0.00 to 0.11 among sites. Risk of direct contact was about 3.5 times greater for single woven-wire fence compared with offset electric fence attached to a single woven-wire fence. We observed no direct contact through double woven-wire fences. Because little is currently known about infection rates associated with infection mechanisms, we cannot infer a level of CWD infection risk from our results, but some form of double fencing should reduce potential for direct and indirect transmission of disease into or out of elk farms. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Vercauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Kurt.C.VerCauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1594 EP 1602 DI 10.2193/2006-178 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800026 ER PT J AU Vercauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Seward, NW Fischer, JW Phillips, GE AF Vercauteren, Kurt C. Lavelle, Michael J. Seward, Nathan W. Fischer, Justin W. Phillips, Gregory E. TI Fence-line contact between wild and farmed white-tailed deer in Michigan: Potential for disease transmission SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; cameras; cervid; CWD; disease; fence; game farm; Michigan; Odocoileus virginianus; transmission ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; MULE DEER; TUBERCULOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Interactions between wild and farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) along perimeter fences may play a role in the transmission of diseases like bovine tuberculosis and chronic wasting disease. However, no study has evaluated direct contact between wild and farmed deer through fences. We used animal-activated cameras to estimate rates of interaction between wild and farmed deer at 6 high-fenced commercial white-tailed deer farms in Michigan, USA, during October 2003 to January 2005. We recorded only 2 direct, naso-oral contacts between wild and farmed deer during > 77,000 hours of camera monitoring. We documented little direct contact between wild and captive deer through fences and, therefore, believe there is limited potential for direct transmission of diseases. However, we suspect our results are conservative and do not rule out the risks of direct or indirect disease transmission into or out of deer farms. Our findings will be of use to federal and state agencies responsible for regulating deer farms as well as managers of such facilities. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Vercauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Kurt.C.VerCauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1603 EP 1606 DI 10.2193/2006-179 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800027 ER PT J AU Kolbe, JA Squires, JR AF Kolbe, Jay A. Squires, John R. TI Circadian activity patterns of Canada lynx in western Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity; Canada lynx; circadian activity; Lepus americanus; Lynx canadensis; snowshoe hares ID SNOWSHOE HARES; LEPUS-AMERICANUS; ACTIVITY RHYTHMS; BLACK BEARS; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; MARTENS; MAMMALS; FOREST AB We recorded activity data for 6 male and 5 female lynx in winter and 3 male and 6 female lynx during summer in western Montana, USA, using motion-sensitive radiocollars. Lynx diel activity appeared to vary by sex, season, and reproductive status. During summer, male lynx exhibited a crepuscular activity pattern, whereas females with kittens remained active throughout the photoperiod. During winter, lynx of both sexes were most active during the afternoon and early evening. Although we observed no evidence that predation risk drove lynx activity patterns, such patterns may be a function of kitten-rearing activity, thermoregulatory strategies, and foraging behavior. C1 Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Kolbe, JA (reprint author), Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. EM jkolbe@mt.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1607 EP 1611 DI 10.2193/2005-727 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800028 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Cummings, JL Tupper, SK Hurley, JC Stahl, RS Primus, TM AF Werner, Scott J. Cummings, John L. Tupper, Shelagh K. Hurley, Jerome C. Stahl, Randal S. Primus, Thomas M. TI Caffeine formulation for avian repellency SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agelaius thoeniceus; chemical repellent; depredation; foraging behavior; red-winged blackbird; sodium benzoate; wildlife damage management ID RICE AB Nonlethal management alternatives are needed to reduce avian depredation of agricultural crops. Caffeine has promise as an effective, economical, and environmentally safe avian repellent, yet formulation improvements are needed for field applications. We included sodium benzoate in subsequent formulations to enhance the solubility of caffeine. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) discriminated between untreated rice and rice treated with 250 ppm or 10,000 ppm caffeine and sodium benzoate in captivity. We observed a positive concentration-response relationship among birds offered rice treated with 250 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 2,500 ppm, 5,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, or 20,000 ppm caffeine and sodium benzoate. Relative to the pretreatment of the concentration-response test, repellency was > 85% for rice treated with our 2,500- to 20,000-ppm treatments. We conducted seed germination experiments and associated residue analyses to evaluate the potential phytotoxicity of various caffeine formulations under controlled environmental conditions. The optimized formulation enhanced the solubility of tank mixtures and ameliorated the negative impacts of seed treatments to germination. Our caffeine formulation provides an applicable, nonlethal alternative for managing blackbird impacts to agricultural production. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Instpect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Instpect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1676 EP 1681 DI 10.2193/2006-451 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800040 ER PT J AU Larrucea, ES Brussard, PF Jaeger, MM Barrett, RH AF Larrucea, Eveline Sequin Brussard, Peter F. Jaeger, Michael M. Barrett, Reginald H. TI Cameras, coyotes, and the assumption of equal detectability SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity pattern; camera; Canis latrans; census; coyote; infrared-triggered; photograph; sampling ID RAIN-FOREST MAMMALS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; CANIS-LATRANS; RELATIVE VULNERABILITY; ECOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; PREDATION; RESPONSES; PATTERNS AB Remote cameras are an increasingly important tool in management and wildlife studies. However, we often do not know if they provide an unbiased sample of populations. Using a marked, radiocollared population of coyotes (Canis latrans) of known social status, we evaluated the influence of temporal (daily and seasonal) and spatial (distance between units, habitat, and proximity to human structures) factors on vulnerability to photo-captures. During 8 unbaited camera sessions of 6 weeks each, we obtained 158 coyote photographs at a photo-capture success rate of 1.6%. We were able to identify not only marked individuals, but also a number of uncollared adults through variation in their pelage. Photo-capture of adults peaked 2 weeks after we established camera stations. Annual success for photographing adult coyotes was greatest during March and April, which corresponded with the dispersal season. The majority of photo-captures occurred at night, and adult photo-captures peaked around midnight, with smaller peaks at dawn and dusk. Rather than reflecting a circadian activity pattern, nighttime captures seemed to reflect when adult coyotes were most vulnerable to photo-capture. Characteristics of camera locations, such as amount of human activity, being on roads versus trails, and habitat type, also influenced the number of photo-captures. We conclude that remote cameras do not always provide an unbiased sample of populations and that animal behavior is important to consider when using these systems. Researchers using camera techniques need to carefully consider when, where, and how cameras are placed to reduce this bias. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84332 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Larrucea, ES (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM esequin@unr.nevada.edu NR 40 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 8 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1682 EP 1689 DI 10.2193/2006-407 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800041 ER PT J AU McShea, WJ Healy, WM Devers, P Fearer, T Koch, FH Stauffer, D Waldon, J AF McShea, William J. Healy, William M. Devers, Patrick Fearer, Todd Koch, Frank H. Stauffer, Dean Waldon, Jeff TI Forestry matters: Decline of oaks will impact wildlife in hardwood forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acorns; deer; fire; forest management; Forest Stewardship Council; foundation species; private forests; oak; Quercus ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; UNITED-STATES; GYPSY-MOTH; ACORN CROPS; PROGRAM; FRAGMENTATION; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Acorn production by oaks (Quercus spp.) is an important food resource for wildlife in many deciduous forests. Its role as a hard mast crop that can be either stored or used to build fat reserves for winter survival cannot be replaced by most other potential foods. Changes in forest management, introduced pests and pathogens, and increased deer populations have resulted in significant changes in the demography of oaks in eastern North America, as evident in Forest Inventory and Analysis data. Specifically, maples (Acer spp.) are replacing oaks in many forests through dominance of the younger age classes. These changes are not yet obvious in mast production but will take decades to reverse. Effective forest management for mast production is arguably one of the more important tasks facing wildlife professionals, yet receives scant attention by both public and private land managers. Public forests need to explicitly include mast production in their forest planning and reduce adversarial relationships over forest management. Market forces are driving commercial forests toward forest certification. Private forests compose 80% of our oak forests and are the hardest group to influence. States have not been able to effectively market forest plans and we recommend joining with advocacy groups more adept at motivating the public. Increased communication between wildlife and forestry professionals is needed through agency restructuring and joint meetings of professional agencies at the state level. Professional wildlife and forest managers are encouraged to make increased use of monitoring data and form a multiagency cooperative using a joint venture model, which has been successful for other organizations. C1 Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Smithville, WV 26178 USA. Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP McShea, WJ (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM mcsheaw@si.edu RI Koch, Frank/F-2002-2011; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 NR 72 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 8 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1717 EP 1728 DI 10.2193/2006-169 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800047 ER PT J AU Qi, PX AF Qi, Phoebe X. TI Studies of casein micelle structure: the past and the present SO LAIT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th World Dairy Congress and World Dairy Summit of the International-Dairy-Federation CY OCT 18-23, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Dairy Federat DE milk micelle; casein; structure; protein-protein interaction ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; RAT MAMMARY-GLAND; BOVINE CASEIN; KAPPA-CASEIN; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BETA-CASEIN; GOLGI-APPARATUS; K-CASEIN; X-RAY AB At the heart of the milk system are the colloidal casein-calcium-transport complexes termed the casein micelles. The application of physical chemical techniques such as light, neutron, and X-ray scattering, and Electron Microscopy (EM) has yielded a wealth of experimental detail concerning the structure of the casein micelle. From these experimental data bases have arisen two conflicting models for the internal structure of the casein micelle. One model emphasizes protein submicellar structures as the dominant feature, while the other proposes that inorganic calcium phosphate nanoclusters serve this function. In this study, these models are critically examined in light of the two current primary dogmas of structural biology which are: protein structure gives rise to function and that competent and productive protein-protein interactions (associations) will lead to efficient transit through the mammary secretory apparatus. In this light an overwhelming argument can be made for the formation of proteinaceous complexes (submicelles) as the formative agents in the synthesis of casein micelles in mammary tissue. Whether these submicelles persist in milk has been questioned. Recently we have carried out studies on casein micelles and submicelles using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and high resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to gain insights on the nature of protein-protein interactions in submicelles and micelles from a structural biology perspective. The results provide experimental evidence that protein-protein interactions are important in the formation and stabilization of casein micelles. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agricultural Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Qi, PX (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agricultural Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Phoebe.Qi@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 39 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0023-7302 J9 LAIT JI Lait PD JUL-OCT PY 2007 VL 87 IS 4-5 BP 363 EP 383 DI 10.1051/lait:2007026 PG 21 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 237FY UT WOS:000251360800010 ER PT J AU Lepczyk, CA Hammer, RB Stewart, SI Radeloff, VC AF Lepczyk, Christopher A. Hammer, Roger B. Stewart, Susan I. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Spatiotemporal dynamics of housing growth hotspots in the North Central US from 1940 to 2000 SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sprawl; spatial statistic; housing growth; time series; spatiotemporal pattern; Getis-Ord (G*) statistic ID UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; FOREST MANAGEMENT; RESERVE SELECTION; LANDSCAPE; POPULATION; SPRAWL AB Housing growth is a primary form of landscape change that is occurring throughout the world. Because of the ecological impacts of housing growth, understanding the patterns of growth over time is imperative in order to better inform land use planning, natural resource management, and conservation. Our primary goal was to quantify hotspots of housing growth in the North Central United States over a 60-year time frame (1940-2000) using a spatial statistical approach. Specifically, our objectives were to: (1) determine where housing growth hotspots exist; (2) determine if hotspots are changing in space and over time; and, (3) investigate if hotspots differ based upon the type of measurement and scale of analysis. Our approach was based on a spatial statistical framework (Getis-Ord G* statistic) that compared local housing growth patterns with regional growth rates. Over the 60-year period the number and mean area of hotspots, measured both as absolute and percent growth, remained largely constant. However, total area of all hotspots increased significantly over time as measured by absolute growth. Spatially, the hotspots shifted over time and exhibited different patterns based upon the measurement. Absolute growth hotspots exhibited patterns of expanding sets of rings around urban centers, whereas percent growth hotspots exhibited both expanding rings and shifting locations throughout rural locations. When increasing the neighborhood size used to discern hotspots from 5 to 50 km, the number of hotspots decreased while their size increased. Regardless of neighborhood size, similar to 95 and similar to 88% of the landscape, as measured by absolute and percent growth, respectively, never contained a hotspot. Overall our results indicate that housing growth is occurring at distinct locations on the landscape, which change in space and time, and are influenced by the scale of analysis and type of measure. In general these results provide useful information for the natural resource, planning, and policy communities. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Lepczyk, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr,120 Russell Labs, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM clepczyk@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 56 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 939 EP 952 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9066-2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 180SR UT WOS:000247386600011 ER PT J AU Hood, E Fellman, J Edwards, RT AF Hood, Eran Fellman, Jason Edwards, Rick T. TI Salmon influences on dissolved organic matter in a coastal temperate brown-water stream: An application of fluorescence spectroscopy SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; COHO SALMON; NUTRIENTS; CARBON; CARCASSES; ENERGY; BIOAVAILABILITY AB We examined how spawning Pacific salmon ( genus Oncorhynchus) affect streamwater concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and dissolved organic matter in Peterson Creek, a stream in southeast Alaska. When spawning salmon were present, concentrations of ammonium ( NH4- N) increased by more than 100 times over prespawning levels and concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus increased by more than an order of magnitude. In contrast, concentrations of nitrate ( NO3- N) increased by only two to three times during spawning and were not significantly higher than at an upstream reference site with no salmon. During spawning, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen were significantly higher in the spawning reach compared with the upstream reference site. The influx of salmon- derived dissolved organic matter ( DOM) altered the fluorescence index ( FI), which has previously been used to distinguish between terrestrial and aquatic sources of DOM, with the FI increasing significantly during the salmon run. Salmon DOM was rich in protein compared with the DOM derived from the terrestrial portion of the watershed. Spawning salmon may be an important source of labile DOM in Peterson Creek. C1 Univ Alaska SE, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hood, E (reprint author), Univ Alaska SE, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM eran.hood@uas.alaska.edu NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1580 EP 1587 DI 10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1580 PG 8 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 192QB UT WOS:000248215800025 ER PT J AU Ward, RD Davis, SW Cho, M Esposito, C Lyons, RH Cheng, JF Rubin, EM Rhodes, SJ Raetzman, LT Smith, TPL Camper, SA AF Ward, Robert D. Davis, Shannon W. Cho, MinChul Esposito, Constance Lyons, Robert H. Cheng, Jan-Fang Rubin, Edward M. Rhodes, Simon J. Raetzman, Lori T. Smith, Timothy P. L. Camper, Sally A. TI Comparative genomics reveals functional transcriptional control sequences in the Prop1 gene SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-HORMONE DEFICIENCY; GROWTH-HORMONE; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; GONADOTROPE DIFFERENTIATION; FUGU-RUBRIPES; CELL-SURVIVAL; EXPRESSION; MUTATION; ENHANCER; PIT-1 AB Mutations in PROP1 are a common genetic cause of multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD). We used a comparative genomics approach to predict the transcriptional regulatory domains of Prop1 and tested them in cell culture and mice. A BAC transgene containing Prop1 completely rescues the Prop1 mutant phenotype, demonstrating that the regulatory elements necessary for proper PROP1 transcription are contained within the BAC. We generated DNA sequences from the PROP1 genes in lemur, pig, and five different primate species. Comparison of these with available human and mouse Prop1 sequences identified three putative regulatory sequences that are highly conserved. These are located in the Prop1 promoter proximal region, within the first intron of Prop1, and downstream of Prop1. Each of the conserved elements elicited orientation-specific enhancer activity in the context of the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase minimal promoter in both heterologous and pituitary-derived cells lines. The intronic element is sufficient to confer dorsal expansion of the pituitary expression domain of a transgene, suggesting that this element is important for the normal spatial expression of endogenous Prop1 during pituitary development. This study illustrates the usefulness of a comparative genomics approach in the identification of regulatory elements that may be the site of mutations responsible for some cases of MPHD. C1 Univ Michigan, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US DOE, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ward, RD (reprint author), 4909 Buhl Bldg,1241 E Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM scamper@umich.edu OI Camper, Sally/0000-0001-8556-3379 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46592, P30 CA046592]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR20557]; NICHD NIH HHS [R37HD30428, R01HD34283, R01 HD034283, R37 HD030428]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07367, F32 DK60306, T32 DK007367, F32 DK060306]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM07315, T32 GM007315, T32 GM007863, T32 GM07863] NR 81 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6-7 BP 521 EP 537 DI 10.1007/s00335-007-9008-6 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 205OY UT WOS:000249125700014 PM 17557180 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Guo, WC Trabelsi, S Kays, SJ AF Nelson, Stuart O. Guo, Wen-chuan Trabelsi, Samir Kays, Stanley J. TI Dielectric spectroscopy of watermelons for quality sensing SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; permittivity; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; watermelons; quality; soluble solids; dielectric probe; penetration depth; moisture content; dielectric relaxation ID PARTICULATE MATERIALS; FRESH FRUITS; 1.8 GHZ; VEGETABLES; DENSITY AB Dielectric properties of four small- sized watermelon cultivars, grown and harvested to provide a range of maturities, were measured with an open- ended coaxial- line probe and an impedance analyser over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz. Probe measurements were made on the external surface of the melons and also on tissue samples from the edible internal tissue. Moisture content and soluble solids content ( SSC) were measured for internal tissue samples, and SSC ( sweetness) was used as the quality factor for correlation with the dielectric properties. Individual dielectric constant and loss factor correlations with SSC were low, but a high correlation was obtained between the SSC and permittivity from a complex- plane plot of dielectric constant and loss factor, each divided by SSC. However, SSC prediction from the dielectric properties by this relationship was not as high as expected ( coefficient of determination about 0.4). Permittivity data ( dielectric constant and loss factor) for the melons are presented graphically to show their relationships with frequency for the four melon cultivars and for external surface and internal tissue measurements. A dielectric relaxation for the external surface measurements, which may be attributable to a combination of bound water, Maxwell - Wagner, molecular cluster or ion- related effects, is also illustrated. Coefficients of determination for complex- plane plots, moisture content and SSC relationship, and penetration depth are also shown graphically. Further studies are needed for determining the practicality of sensing melon quality from their dielectric properties. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 11 TC 47 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/18/7/E14 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 180XH UT WOS:000247400800018 ER PT J AU Berger, S Bannantine, JP Griffin, JFT AF Berger, Sven Bannantine, John P. Griffin, J. Frank T. TI Autoreactive antibodies are present in sheep with Johne's disease and cross-react with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis antigens SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE sheep; paratuberculosis; autoimmunity; ANCA ID ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC AUTOANTIBODIES; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; PHAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM; CROHNS-DISEASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; RESPONSES; AFFINITY AB Mycobacterial infection has been linked to the generation of autoantibodies, including anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA), in clinical studies and small animal models. In an attempt to identify antibodies that react with both self and mycobacterial antigens in naturally infected ruminants. we generated a phage display library comprising single chain antibody fragments (scFv) from sheep with Johne's disease (JD). The library was screened simultaneously against ovine small intestinal tissue and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). A clone (termed AutoH1) reacted strongly with host tissue and MAP, recognizing a proteinase-susceptible 32 kDa determinant in ovine gut tissues and lymphatics. and in blood granulocytes but not mononuclear cells. In granulocytes, binding was to cytoplasmic granules and cell membranes; in MAP. AutoH1 bound bacterial cell wall determinants. We further identified a synthetic peptide sequence recognized by AutoH1, using this to generate a carrier:peptide fusion protein (paH1).Sera of normal and JD sheep were screened for AutoH1-like autoantibody activity; 7/11 JD animals showed autoreactivity that could be blocked by paH1, while 0/21 normal animals showed no such serological reactivity. It is possible that the severe pathology observed in ruminant JD may have an autoimmune component, possibly due to ANCA-type binding; this remains to be further investigated. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dis Res Lab, Dunedin 1, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Griffin, JFT (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dis Res Lab, POB 56, Dunedin 1, New Zealand. EM frank.griffin@stonebow.otago.ac.nz OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 8 BP 963 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.03.016 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 197CN UT WOS:000248531300007 PM 17544799 ER PT J AU Six, DL Bentz, BJ AF Six, D. L. Bentz, B. J. TI Temperature determines symbiont abundance in a multipartite bark beetle-fungus ectosymbiosis SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; OPHIOSTOMA-CLAVIGERUM; SCOLYTIDAE; MUTUALISMS; PONDEROSAE; EVOLUTION; MITES; MODEL AB In this study, we report evidence that temperature plays a key role in determining the relative abundance of two mutualistic fungi associated with an economically and ecologically important bark beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae. The symbiotic fungi possess different optimal temperature ranges. These differences determine which fungus is vectored by dispersing host beetles as temperatures fluctuate over a season. Grosmannia clavigera is the predominant fungus carried by dispersing beetles during cool periods but decreases in prevalence as daily maximum temperatures approach 25 degrees C, and becomes extremely rare when temperatures reach or exceed 32 degrees C. In contrast, Ophiostoma montium increases in prevalence as temperatures approach 25 degrees C, and becomes the predominant symbiont dispersed when temperatures reach or exceed 32 degrees C. The possession of different optimal growth temperatures may facilitate the stable coexistence of the two fungi by supporting growth of each fungus at different times, minimizing direct competition. Furthermore, the beetle may reduce its risk of being left aposymbiotic by exploiting not one, but two symbionts, whose combined growth optima span a wide range of environmental conditions. The possession of multiple symbionts with different temperature tolerances may allow the beetle to occupy highly variable habitats over a wide geographic range. Such temperature-driven symbiont shifts are likely to have major consequences for both the host and its symbionts under current temperature regimes and those predicted to occur because of climate change. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Inst, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Six, DL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM diana.six@cfc.umt.edu NR 31 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9178-x PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 193VT UT WOS:000248304000012 PM 17264992 ER PT J AU Scheffer, SJ Hawthorne, DJ AF Scheffer, Sonja J. Hawthorne, David J. TI Molecular evidence of host-associated genetic divergence in the holly leafminer Phytomyza glabricola (Diptera : Agromyzidae): apparent discordance among marker systems SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; host race formation; mitochondrial data; nuclear data; speciation; sympatry ID APPLE MAGGOT FLY; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS; HAWAIIAN CRICKETS; RACE FORMATION; GENOME SCANS AB Host races play a central part in understanding the role of host plant mediated divergence and speciation of phytophagous insects. Of greatest interest are host-associated populations that have recently diverged; however, finding genetic evidence for very recent divergences is difficult because initially only a few loci are expected to evolve diagnostic differences. The holly leafminer Phytomyza glabricola feeds on two hollies, Ilex glabra and I. coriacea, that are broadly sympatric throughout most of their ranges. The leafminer is often present on both host plants and exhibits a dramatic life history difference on the two hosts, suggesting that host races may be present. We collected 1393 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data (45 polymorphic bands) from sympatric populations of flies reared from the two hosts. Phylogenetic and frequency analysis of mitochondrial COI sequence data uncovered considerable variation but no structuring by the host plant, and only limited differentiation among geographical locations. In contrast, analysis of AFLP frequency data found a significant effect with host plant, and a much smaller effect with geographical location. Likewise, neighbour-joining analysis of AFLP data resulted in clustering by host plant. The AFLP data indicate that P. glabricola is most likely comprised of two host races. Because there were no fixed differences in mitochondrial or AFLP data, this host-associated divergence is likely to have occurred very recently. P. glabricola therefore provides a new sympatric system for exploring the role of geography and ecological specialization in the speciation of phytophagous insects. C1 USDA ARS, Systeamt Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Scheffer, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systeamt Entomol Lab, Bldg 005,Rm 137,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sscheffe@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 13 BP 2627 EP 2637 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03303.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 183GX UT WOS:000247561800005 PM 17594435 ER PT J AU Prospero, S Hansen, EM Grunwald, NJ Winton, LM AF Prospero, S. Hansen, E. M. Grunwald, N. J. Winton, L. M. TI Population dynamics of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon from 2001 to 2004 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; eradication; forest; genetic diversity; microsatellites; nurseries; oomycetes ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC DISTANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; SP NOV.; TREES; INFESTANS; FOREST; DIFFERENTIATION; HETEROZYGOSITY; CALIFORNIA AB Phytophthora ramorum (Oomycetes) is an emerging plant pathogen in forests in southwestern Oregon (Curry County). Moreover, since 2003 it has been repeatedly isolated from plants in Oregon nurseries. In this study, we analysed the genetic diversity of the P. ramorum population in Oregon from 2001 to 2004 by using microsatellites. A total of 323 isolates (272 from the infested forest; 51 from nurseries) were screened at 10 loci. The overall P. ramorum population in Oregon is characterized by low genetic diversity and has all the hallmarks of an introduced organism. All isolates within the A2 mating type belonged to the same clonal lineage and no recombinant genotypes were found. The forest population (24 genotypes) was dominated by a single multilocus genotype which persisted over years, indicating that eradication efforts in the forest have not completely eliminated inoculum sources. In contrast, genotypic evidence suggests that eradication was effective in nurseries. In 2003 and 2004, a total of 11 genotypes were found in the nurseries (one belonged to the European lineage of P. ramorum) but no genotype was recovered in both sampling years. Significant differentiation and low gene flow were detected between nursery and forest populations. Only two nursery genotypes were also found in the forest, and then at low frequency. Thus, the nursery infestation is not caused by the genotypes observed in Curry County, but likely resulted through introduction of novel genotypes from nurseries out-of-state. This highlights the continued importance of sanitation and quarantine in nurseries to prevent further introduction and spread of P. ramorum. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, Subartic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Prospero, S (reprint author), INRA, UMR1202, Ave Edourd Bourleaux,BP 81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. EM sprosper@bordeaux.inra.fr RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 60 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 14 BP 2958 EP 2973 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03343.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 186CR UT WOS:000247757200015 PM 17614910 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Trigiano, RN Windham, MT Devries, RE Scheffler, BE Rinehart, TA Spiers, JM AF Wang, X. W. Trigiano, R. N. Windham, M. T. Devries, R. E. Scheffler, B. E. Rinehart, T. A. Spiers, J. M. TI A simple PCR procedure for discovering microsatellites from small insert libraries SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE colony hybridization; flowering dogwood; genomic library; microsatellites; PCR screening; SSR enrichment ID REPEAT SEQUENCES; MARKERS; CONSTRUCTION; CLONES; LOCI; ENRICHMENT; PRIMERS; GENOMES; PLANTS AB Microsatellite discovery from genomic libraries is tedious because of the low number of clones that contain inserts and costly because of screening methodologies. A new procedure for screening clones for microsatellite DNA is described herein. Instead of colony hybridization, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two vector standard primers and one synthesized repeat primer was used to directly screen colonies. PCR of colonies that produced a strong smear in gels contained the desired motif, whereas a single strong band indicated the lack of the desired motif. This simple screening method is a cost-effective way to identify microsatellite-containing colonies. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, CGRU, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Trigiano, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rtrigian@utk.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 558 EP 561 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01655.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 186DA UT WOS:000247758100004 ER PT J AU Szabo, LJ Kolmer, JA AF Szabo, Les J. Kolmer, James A. TI Development of simple sequence repeat markers for the plant pathogenic rust fungus Puccinia triticina SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Basidiomycetes; microsatellite; molecular markers; SSR; Uredinales; wheat leaf rust ID MOLECULAR POLYMORPHISM; LEAF RUST; VIRULENCE AB Eighteen polymorphic di- and trinucleotide simple sequence repeat markers were developed for the phytopathogenic rust fungus Puccinia triticina. The allelic diversity varied from two to nine alleles per locus. Levels of observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.095 to 0.952. Seven of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.002) with 70% having levels of observed heterozygosity higher than expected heterozygosity. Null allele(s) were observed for locus PtSSR76 with a frequency of 9%. A preliminary screen of other cereal rust fungi (P. coronata, P. graminis, P. recondita and P. striiformis) indicated that these primer pairs are specific to P. triticina. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Szabo, LJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM lszabo@umn.edu NR 10 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 708 EP 710 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01686.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 186DA UT WOS:000247758100047 ER PT J AU Burtnick, MN Downey, JS Brett, PJ Boylan, JA Frye, JG Hoover, TR Gherardini, FC AF Burtnick, Mary N. Downey, Jennifer S. Brett, Paul J. Boylan, Julie A. Frye, Jonathan G. Hoover, Timothy R. Gherardini, Frank C. TI Insights into the complex regulation of rpoS in Borrelia burgdorferi SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; BINDING PROTEIN NTRC; LYME-DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; RNA-POLYMERASE; IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; SURFACE PROTEIN AB Co-ordinated regulation of gene expression is required for the transmission and survival of Borrelia burgdorferi in different hosts. The sigma factor RpoS (as), as regulated by RpoN (3 4), has been shown to regulate key virulence factors (e.g. OspC) required for these processes. As important, multiple signals (e.g. temperature, pH, cell density, oxygen) have been shown to increase the expression of as-dependent genes; however, little is known about the signal transduction mechanisms that modulate the expression of rpoS. In this report we show that: (i) rpoS has a (;14dependent promoter that requires Rrp2 to activate transcription; (ii) Rrp2A123, a constitutively active form of Rrp2, activated U54 -dependent transcription of rpoSIP-lacZ reporter constructs in Escherichia coli; (iii) quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) experiments with reporter cat constructs in B. burgdorferi indicated that Rrp2 activated transcription of rpoS in an enhancerindependent fashion; and finally, (iv) rpoN is required for cell density- and temperature-dependent expression of rpoS in B. burgdorferi, but histidine kinase Hk2, encoded by the gene immediately upstream of rrp2, is not essential. Based on these findings, a model for regulation of rpoS has been proposed which provides mechanisms for multiple signalling pathways to modulate the expression of the as regulon in B. burgdorteri. C1 NIAID, Lab Zoonot Pathogens, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. Univ So Calif, Norris Sch Dent, Div Diagnost Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USDA ARS, SAA RRC, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Gherardini, FC (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Zoonot Pathogens, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. EM fgherardini@niaid.nih.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; Hoover, Timothy/0000-0003-1101-8030 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 54 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 2 BP 277 EP 293 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05813.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 196LV UT WOS:000248484300005 PM 17590233 ER PT J AU Cooper, B Neelam, A Campbell, KB Lee, J Liu, G Garrett, WM Scheffler, B Tucker, ML AF Cooper, Bret Neelam, Anil Campbell, Kimberly B. Lee, Joohyun Liu, George Garrett, Wesley M. Scheffler, Brian Tucker, Mark L. TI Protein accumulation in the germinating Uromyces appendiculatus uredospore SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; proteomics ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SHOTGUN PROTEOMIC DATA; RUST FUNGI; APPRESSORIUM FORMATION; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; INFECTION STRUCTURES; CDNA LIBRARY; LIFE-CYCLE; PHASEOLI; MODEL AB Uromyces appendiculatus is a rust fungus that causes disease on beans. To understand more about the biology of U. appendiculatus, we have used multidimensional protein identification technology to survey proteins in germinating asexual uredospores and have compared this data with proteins discovered in an inactive spore. The relative concentrations of proteins were estimated by counting the numbers of tandem mass spectra assigned to peptides for each detected protein. After germination, there were few changes in amounts of accumulated proteins involved in glycolysis, acetyl Co-A metabolism, citric acid cycle, ATP-coupled proton transport, or gluconeogenesis. Moreover, the total amount of translation elongation factors remained high, supporting a prior model that suggests that germlings acquire protein translation machinery from uredospores. However, germlings contained a higher amount of proteins involved in mitochondrial ADP:ATP translocation, which is indicative of increased energy production. Also, there were more accumulating histone proteins, pointing to the reorganization of the nuclei that occurs after germination prior to appressorium formation. Generally, these changes are indicative of metabolic transition from dormancy to germination and are supported by cytological and developmental models of germling growth. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 baltimore Ave,Bldg 006 Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bret.cooper@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 7 BP 857 EP 866 DI 10.1094/MPMI-20-7-0857 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 180GZ UT WOS:000247352400012 PM 17601172 ER PT J AU Wang, XH Replogle, A Davis, EL Mitchum, MG AF Wang, Xiaohong Replogle, Amy Davis, Eric L. Mitchum, Melissa G. TI The tobacco Cel7 gene promoter is auxin-responsive and locally induced in nematode feeding sites of heterologous plants SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CYST-NEMATODE; PARASITIC NEMATODES; INDUCED SYNCYTIA; GIANT-CELLS; DNA-BINDING; EXPRESSION; HOST; WALL AB Emerging evidence suggests that plant cell-wall-modifying enzymes induced by root-parasitic nematodes play important roles in feeding cell formation. We previously identified a tobacco endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (cellulase) gene, NtCel7, that was strongly induced in both root-knot and cyst nematode feeding cells. To characterize further the developmental and nematode-responsive regulation of NtCel7, we isolated the NtCel7 promoter and analysed its expression over a time course of nematode infection and in response to auxin, gibberellin, ethylene and sucrose in soybean and tomato hairy roots and in Arabidopsis containing the NtCel7 promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Histochemical analyses of transgenic plant materials revealed that the NtCel7 promoter exhibited a unique organ-specific expression pattern during plant development suggestive of important roles for NtCel7 in both vegetative and reproductive growth. In all plant species tested, strong GUS expression was observed in root tips and lateral root primordia of uninfected roots with weaker expression in the root vasculature. Further analyses of transgenic Arabidopsis plants revealed expression in shoot and root meristems and the vasculature of most organs during plant development. We also determined that the NtCel7 promoter was induced by auxin, but not gibberellin, ethylene or sucrose. Moreover, strong GUS activity was observed in both cyst and root-knot nematode-induced feeding sites in transgenic roots of soybean, tomato and Arabidopsis. The conserved developmental and nematode-responsive expression of the NtCel7 promoter in heterologous plants indicates that motifs of this regulatory element play a fundamental role in regulating NtCel7 gene expression within nematode feeding sites and that this regulation may be mediated by auxin. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Mitchum, MG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM goellnerm@missouri.edu OI Replogle, Amy/0000-0002-5880-1308 NR 63 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2007.00403.X PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 182AK UT WOS:000247477300008 PM 20507511 ER PT J AU Aronstein, KA Murray, KD De Leon, JH Qin, X Weinstock, GM AF Aronstein, K. A. Murray, K. D. De Leon, J. H. Qin, X. Weinstock, G. M. TI High mobility group (HMG-box) genes in the honeybee fungal pathogen Ascosphaera apis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascosphaera apis; gene expression; HMG-box; honeybee; idiomorph; mating type; transcription factor ID MATING-TYPE GENES; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PODOSPORA-ANSERINA; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; DNA; LOCUS; PROTEINS AB The genome of the honeybee fungal pathogen Ascosphaera apis (Maassen) encodes three putative high mobility group (HMG-box) transcription factors. The predicted proteins (MAT1-2, STE11 and HTF), each of which contain a single strongly conserved HMG-box, exhibit high similarity to mating type proteins and STE11-like transcription factors previously identified in other ascomycete fungi, some of them important plant and human pathogens. In this study we characterized the A. apis HMG-box containing genes and analyzed the structure of the mating type locus (MAT1-2) and its flanking regions. The MAT1-2 locus contains a single gene encoding a protein with an HMG-box. We also have determined the transcriptional patterns of all three HMG-box containing genes in both mating type idiomorphs and discuss a potential role of these transcription factors in A. apis development and reproduction. A multiplex PCR method with primers amplifying mat1-2-1 and Ste11 gene fragments is described. This new method allows for identification of a single mating type idiomorph and might become an essential tool for applied and basic research of chalkbrood disease in honeybees. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Aronstein, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM karonstein@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.3852/mycologia.99.4.553 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 230AY UT WOS:000250848900007 PM 18065006 ER PT J AU Friel, CJ Desjardins, AE Kirkpatrick, SC Gordon, TR AF Friel, Christopher J. Desjardins, Anne E. Kirkpatrick, Sharon C. Gordon, Thomas R. TI Evidence for recombination and segregation of virulence to pine in a hybrid cross between Gibberella circinata and G-subglutinans SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fusarium circinatum; pinus radiata; pitch canker; species concepts ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; F-SP PINI; FUSARIUM-SUBGLUTINANS; POPULATION; MAIZE AB Two species associated with the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, G. circinata (the cause of pitch canker in pines) and G. subglutinans (avirulent on pine), were found to have limited interfertility in hybrid crosses. MAT idiomorphs, polymorphisms in the histone H3 gene, vegetative compatibility, and virulence phenotypes were used to verify recombination. The MAT idiomorphs appeared to be assorting independently, but the histone H3 haplotype was disproportionately represented by that of the G. subglutinans parent. Ninety-eight percent (45/46) of the progeny tested were vegetatively incompatible with both parents. All F, progeny were avirulent to pine, but a wide range of virulence was restored through a backcross to the virulent parent (G. circinata). Attempts at hybrid crosses using other isolate combinations were rarely successful (1/26). This limited interfertility supports retention of G. circinata and G. subglutinans as separate species, but offers opportunities to characterize the inheritance of virulence to pine. (C) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gordon, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM trgordon@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 111 BP 827 EP 831 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.05.004 PN 7 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 207OT UT WOS:000249261100006 PM 17681226 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MC Anaya, AL Glenn, AE Saucedo-Garcia, A Macias-Rubalcava, ML Hanlin, RT AF Gonzalez, Maria C. Anaya, Ana Luisa Glenn, Anthony E. Saucedo-Garcia, Aurora Macias-Rubalcava, Martha L. Hanlin, Richard T. TI A new endophytic ascomycete from El Eden ecological reserve, Quintana Roo, Mexico SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE angiospermous trees; fungal biodiversity; taxonomy; tropical forests; Verbenaceae ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AB During a preliminary survey to report the biodiversity of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of some woody plants from El Eden Ecological Reserve in Mexico, a new fungus was isolated from Callicarpa acuminata leaves. Cultures of this fungus on PDA form a white floccose colony with a reddish-brown reverse and a mycelium that develops by 90 degrees angle branches and intertwining of hyphae to form rope-like strands and coils. In addition, this endophytic fungus does not form reproductive structures. Based on morphological and DNA sequence analyses, this fungus is proposed to be a member of the Pleosporaceae (Pleosporales) and has not been previously described. Edenia gen. nov. is described and illustrated to accommodate E. gomezpompae. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Ecol Func, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Museum Nat Hist Annex, Bogart, GA 30622 USA. RP Gonzalez, MC (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Bot, Inst Biol, Ciudad Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM mcgv@ibiologia.unam.mx NR 25 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 101 BP 251 EP 260 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 223JQ UT WOS:000250366600033 ER PT J AU Weaver, MA Lyn, ME AF Weaver, Mark A. Lyn, Margaret E. TI Compatibility of a biological control agent with herbicides for control of invasive plant species SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE augmentative biocontrol; bioherbicide; pathogen-herbicide interactions ID KUDZU PUERARIA-MONTANA; MYROTHECIUM-VERRUCARIA; ISOLATE; LOBATA AB Kudzu, Pueraria montana var. lobata, is an exotic invasive weed that is difficult to control with available products and management practices. The fungal pathogen, Myrothecium verrucaria, is being developed as a bioherbicide for kudzu and other invasive vines. This biological control agent might be applied with conventional herbicides to improve the efficacy or spectrum of weed control. The survival of M. verrucaria was measured over time in simulated tank-mixes of commercial formulations of the herbicides: amniopyralid (Milestone*), metsulfuron (Escort XP), and fluroxypyr (Vista). The fungus was also grown in vitro in the presence of these herbicides to evaluate any growth inhibition. M. verrucaria was highly tolerant to all concentrations of amniopyralid and metsulfuron for up to two days in simulated tank-mixes, while mixtures with fluroxypyr resulted in a gradual loss of spore viability. The fungus grew on media supplemented with amniopyralid and metsulfuron with only small effects on the growth rate, but fluroxypyr caused growth inhibition. These studies provide insight for developing effective, integrated control strategies for kudzu. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Weaver, MA (reprint author), Natl Biol Control Lab, Box 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mark.weaver@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 264 EP 268 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[264:COABCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 189TH UT WOS:000248010900010 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Pemberton, RW Raz, L AF Wheeler, G. S. Pemberton, R. W. Raz, L. TI A biological control feasibility study of the invasive weed-air potato, Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae): an effort to increase biological control transparency and safety SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE air potato; air yam; biological control of weeds; Dioscorea bulbifera; feasibility study ID PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; PLANTS; RISK; HISPIDA; YAM; YPONOMEUTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; THAILAND; CIRSIUM AB Biological control is increasingly used against invasive weeds of natural areas. Scientific and regulatory review of safety-related research occurs before candidate biological control agents can be released. To increase safety, efficacy, and transparency of the process, we suggest that, prior to establishing a project, a feasibility study be conducted on a potential target for biological control to judge whether the project is appropriate. The present paper is both a feasibility study of an important invasive weed and a guide to doing biological control feasibility studies on other weed pests. The invasive weed Dioscorea bulbifera L. threatens the biodiversity of many natural areas in the southeastern United States. Current control efforts directed against this invasive species include herbicidal or manual removal. both of which are costly and ineffective. Biological control using insects that selectively feed on this species while leaving desirable native and economic species unharmed may be a useful option. As herbivore host range may be limited by taxonomic affinities and the lack of sympatry with potential host species, we propose that this weed will be a relatively safe target because of taxonomic and geographic isolation from desirable native and economic plant species. The family Dioscoreaceae is poorly represented in North America, north of Mexico, and the two native species that are sympatric with the weed are from a different subgeneric taxon than the weed. The West Indian and northern Mexican species, while more diverse, are also assigned to different subgeneric taxa, and are geographically isolated from the northern range of the weed. Initial searches for biological control agents have begun and will continue within its large transcontinental native range. However, further research is needed that will better delimit the geographic origin of the weed's North American population within its large native range. This will aid in the detection of suitable natural enemies. Much of the information we acquired and analyzed in this feasibility study is required for the environmental assessment normally submitted for approval prior to the introduction of a biological control agent. We suggest that this type of analysis will be better considered at the beginning of the process. If this type of analysis is clone prior to or at the beginning of projects, potential conflicts and risks can be judged and then better addressed during the projects to ultimately produce safer, more acceptable agents for biological control. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 21 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[269:ABCFSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 189TH UT WOS:000248010900011 ER PT J AU Hui, DTW Shum, KKY Chen, J Chen, SC Ritchie, J Roads, JO AF Hui, David Tai-Wai Shum, Karen Kit-Ying Chen, Ji Chen, Shyh-Chin Ritchie, Jack Roads, John O. TI Case studies of seasonal rainfall forecasts for Hong Kong and its vicinity using a regional climate model SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE regional climate model; dynamical downscaling; seasonal rainfall forecasts; scaled Hanssen and Kuipers score; Hong Kong; Southern China ID SPECTRAL MODEL; NORDESTE BRAZIL; PREDICTION; BOUNDARY; HAZARDS; CHINA AB Seasonal climate forecasts are one of the most promising tools for providing early warnings for natural hazards such as floods and droughts. Using two case studies, this paper documents the skill of a regional climate model in the seasonal forecasting of below normal rainfall in southern China during the rainy seasons of July-August-September 2003 and April-May-June 2004. The regional model is based on the Regional Spectral Model of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction of the United States. It is the first time that the model has been applied to a region dominated by the East Asian Monsoon. The article shows that the regional climate model, when being forced by reasonably good forecasts from a global model, can generate useful seasonal rainfall forecasts for the region, where it is dominated by the East Asia monsoon. The spatial details of the dry conditions obtained from the regional climate model forecast are also found to be comparable with the observed distribution. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Observ, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Expt Climate Predict Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hui, DTW (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM dhui@hko.gov.hk RI Chen, Ji/C-1795-2009 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s11069-006-9068-z PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 179TR UT WOS:000247313500012 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Hobbs, MS AF Mitchell, Andrew J. Hobbs, Melissa S. TI The acute toxicity of praziquantel to grass carp and golden shiners SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BOTHRIOCEPHALUS-ACHEILOGNATHI; FISH AB The acute toxicity and highest nonlethal concentration of praziquantel (LC0) were determined in the laboratory for grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, two cyprinids known to harbor the Asian tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi. Praziquantel is an anthelmintic used to treat fish with tapeworms. The 24-h and 96-h LC50 values were 55.1 and 49.7 mg/L for golden shiners (1.3 g) and 63.4 and 60.6 mg/L for grass carp (9.1 g). The 24-h and 96-h LC0 values were 50.0 and 45.0 mg/L for golden shiners and 60.0 and 60.0 mg/L for grass carp. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1577/A06-056.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 190KJ UT WOS:000248057400001 ER PT J AU Li, MH Robinson, EH Oberle, DF Bosworth, BG AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Oberle, Daniel F. Bosworth, Brian G. TI Proximate composition and collagen concentration of processing residue of channel catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB Residues-including heads, skin, viscera, frames, and trimmings-from the channel catfish lctalurus punctatus processing industry have generally been made into catfish meal and catfish oil that are used in animal feeds. There may be more efficient uses for these materials, such as producing collagen and other products. A study was conducted to determine the percentages of each component of the processing residue relative to whole fish weight and their crude protein, crude fat, moisture, ash, and collagen concentrations. Of a market-size channel catfish, the head accounted for 24% of the whole weight, the frame 13.6%, the viscera 10.8%, the skin 4.7%, and the trimmings 3.7%. These processing residues represent a total of 56.8% of the total fish weight. The highest crude protein and collagen concentrations were found in the skin (protein, 19.9% of wet tissue and 82.1% of dry matter; collagen, 14.2% of wet tissue and 58.7% of dry matter). The viscera had the highest fat level (32.7% of wet tissue and 69.6% of dry matter). The head remnants had the highest ash concentration (6.9% of wet tissue and 19.9% of dry matter). The skin had a high collagen concentration and is therefore a good candidate for collagen production. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Post Off Box 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1577/A06-055.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 190KJ UT WOS:000248057400003 ER PT J AU Li, MH Robinson, EH Bosworth, BG AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Bosworth, Brian G. TI Effects of dietary protein concentration and L-carnitine on growth, processing yield, and body composition of channel catfish x blue catfish F-1 hybrids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID MORONE-CHRYSOPS FEMALE; CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; AFRICAN CATFISH; SAXATILIS MALE; PONDS; PERFORMANCE; FISH AB A study was conducted in earthen ponds to evaluate effects of dietary protein concentration and L-carnitine supplementation on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), processing yield, and body composition of hybrid catfish (female channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus x male blue catfish I. furcatus). Hybrid catfish fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 66 g/fish were stocked into twenty 0.04-ha earthen ponds at a density of 17,290 fish/ha. Five ponds were randomly allotted to each dietary treatment in a complete randomized design. Fish were fed one of three practical diets containing 28, 32, or 36% crude protein without L-carnitine and a 28% protein diet containing L-carnitine at 500 mg/kg once daily to apparent satiation for a 151-d growing season. Dietary protein levels ranging from 28% to 36% did not affect feed consumption, weight gain, or FCR of catfish hybrids fed to apparent satiation. Fish fed the 36% protein diet had a higher fillet yield than fish fed the 28% protein diet, whereas fish fed the 32% protein diet had intermediate fillet yield and fillet fat, which were not different from those of fish fed the 28% and 36% protein diets. The fillet fat concentration was lower in fish fed the 36% protein diet than in those fed lower-protein diets. Supplementation of L-carnitine at 500 mg/kg in the diet did not affect feed consumption, weight gain, FCR, or processing yield, but there was a trend toward a reduction in fillet fat level. Results from this study indicate that body fatness of channel catfish x blue catfish hybrids was reduced by feeding them a high-protein (36%) diet and that L-carnitine had a mild effect on fat reduction in hybrid catfish fed a 28% protein diet. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1577/A06-049.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 190KJ UT WOS:000248057400006 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, TJ Ludwig, GM AF Pfeiffer, Timothy J. Ludwig, Gerald M. TI Small-scale system for the mass production of rotifers using algal paste SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT CELL DENSITIES; MARINE CHLORELLA SP; BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS; CULTURE-SYSTEM; RECIRCULATION SYSTEM; AQUACULTURE; ROTUNDIFORMIS; QUALITY; LARVAL; BASS AB Rotifers are a dominant zooplankton that are a preferred prey for some larval fish and are used by culturists during larval fish culture. The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is a brackish-water species suited for mass culture because it is prolific and can tolerate a wide variety of environmental conditions. Although the culture of this rotifer has been well documented, little information is available regarding the use of concentrated algal paste for the production of B. plicatilis. Thus, we investigated algal paste for rotifer production. Rotifers were cultured in four translucent, low-density polyethylene tanks with a culture volume of 45 L of artificial seawater. The feed solution was a mixture of commercially available Nannochloropsis algal paste and artificial seawater. During a 21-d culture period, the rotifer population in each of four tanks was maintained between 500 and 1,500 rotifers/mL. A volume of 15 L was harvested when the rotifer count was 1,500 rotifers/mL or more. The results indicated that the simple and inexpensive use of a concentrated algal paste as a food source is suitable for the production of rotifers. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fisheries & Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Pfeiffer, TJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fisheries & Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1200 N Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM tpfeiffer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1577/A05-098.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 190KJ UT WOS:000248057400008 ER PT J AU Kelly, JM Kovar, JL Sokolowsky, R Moorman, TB AF Kelly, J. M. Kovar, J. L. Sokolowsky, R. Moorman, T. B. TI Phosphorus uptake during four years by different vegetative cover types in a riparian buffer SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cottonwood; phosphorus; plant biomass; smooth brome; switchgrass ID MECHANISTIC MODEL; ROOT LENGTH; SOIL; DESORPTION; PHOSPHATE; WATER; POTASSIUM; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Vegetative buffers have been shown to reduce nutrient loss associated with the transport of detached soil particles and may through plant uptake offer a means to capture dissolved nutrients moving to surface waters through the soil solution. The objective of this 4-year study was to evaluate changes in the biomass and P content of the roots and shoots of plants growing in a multi-species versus a single species riparian buffer as an index of P capture potential. Periodic harvests of above ground vegetation were combined with root cores to estimate the total standing biomass and the pool of P in plant tissue in three vegetative cover types dominated by either switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-smooth bromegrass (Bromis inermis Leyss) mix, or a fast growing superior cottonwood (Populus deltoids Bartr., clone 42-7). An existing stand of smooth brome served as the single species control. Standing biomass increased in all three cover types during the 4 years of study, with the greatest increases observed in the cottonwood (2345 g m(-2)) and switchgrass (1818 g m(-2)). Biomass production in the smooth brome control did not change during the study period. Based on the 4th-year samples, standing pools of P closely paralleled total plant biomass and root surface area with cottonwood accumulating the greatest amount of P at 19.4 g m(-2) compared to 4.3 g m(-2) for the smooth brome control. Estimates of potential P export via biomass harvest from a mixed buffer over a 4-year interval were 101 kg ha(-1) compared to 62 kg ha(-1)supercript stop for the smooth brome control; a 63% increase in export capacity due largely to the inclusion of cottonwood. Addition of a fast growing woody species combined with periodic biomass harvests has the potential to reduce P movement to surface waters. C1 Virginia Tech Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol & Management Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kelly, JM (reprint author), Virginia Tech Univ, Coll Nat Resources, 324 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmkelly@vt.edu NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 3 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s10705-007-9088-4 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 180TB UT WOS:000247387800003 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Hall, CB Siders, WA AF Lukaski, Henry C. Hall, Clinton B. Siders, William A. TI Assessment of change in hydration in women during pregnancy and postpartum with bioelectrical impedance vectors SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE total body water; impedance; pregnancy; human ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; FAT-FREE MASS; BIOIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERTENSIVE PREGNANCY; FLUID CHANGES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; VOLUME; ADULT AB Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that bioelectrical impedance vectors, group and individual, are valid indicators of total body water (TBW) and hydration status in women experiencing fluid gain and loss during and after pregnancy. Methods: We measured TBW, assessed with D2O dilution, and resistance (R) and reactance (Xc), determined with 800 mu A at 50 kHz and standardized for height (H) and plotted on a bivariate (R-Xc) graph, in 15 women, 21-37 y of age, longitudinally before and during pregnancy and postpartum (PP). Results: Body weight (61.9 +/- 2.3 to 75.5 +/- 2.3 kg) and TBW (31.4 +/- 1.1 to 38.2 +/- 1.1 L) increased (P < 0.05) from before pregnancy to the third trimester of pregnancy and decreased PP (67.0 +/- 2.3 kg and 32.7 +/- 1.1 L, P < 0.05). R/H and Xc/H decreased during pregnancy (P < 0.05, 361 +/- 10 to 318 +/- 10 and 44 +/- 1 to 36 +/- 1 omega/m, respectively) and increased PP (P < 0.05, 355 +/- 10 and 41 +/- 1 Omega/m). Vector length decreased (P < 0.05, 363 +/- 10 to 320 +/- 10 Omega) during pregnancy and increased PP (P < 0.05, 357 +/- 10 Omega). Changes in vector length and TBW during pregnancy and PP were correlated (r = -0.599, P < 0.001). Women with vectors exceeding a 75% tolerance interval had greater TBW gain (10-12 versus 5-6 L) during pregnancy compared with other women with vectors within this tolerance level. Conclusion: These findings indicate that impedance vectors provide quantitative evidence of hydration status during pregnancy and that the impedance vector method is useful in monitoring hydration status in pregnancy. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM Henry.Lukaski@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 7-8 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2007.05.001 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 195UF UT WOS:000248436700004 PM 17570642 ER PT J AU James, JJ Richards, JH AF James, J. J. Richards, J. H. TI Influence of temporal heterogeneity in nitrogen supply on competitive interactions in a desert shrub community SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Atriplex; Great Basin; nitrogen isotopes; resource pulses; Sarcobatus ID INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; ROOT RESPONSES; SOIL CARBON; N CAPTURE; DRY SOIL; PLANT; GROWTH; PULSES; RESOURCES; FIELD AB Soil nutrients in and systems are supplied to plants in brief pulses following precipitation inputs. While these resource dynamics have been well documented, little is known about how this temporal heterogeneity influences competitive interactions. We examined the impacts of the temporal pattern of N supply on competitive intensity and ability in an N-limited desert shrub community. At our field site, the three codominant shrubs, Atriplex confertifolia, A. parryi, and Sarcobatus vermiculatus, differ in seasonal growth patterns, with A. confertifolia and S. vermiculatus achieving higher growth rates earlier in the growing season than A. parryi. We predicted that these timing differences in maximum growth rate may interact with temporal variation in N supply to alter competitive abilities over time. Seedlings of the two Atriplex species were planted either individually in field plots or as target plants surrounded by neighbor seedlings. After one year of establishment, the same amount of 15 N was applied to plots either as early spring pulses, mid spring pulses or continuously through the second growing season. Competitive effects were observed under continuous and pulsed N supply. Averaged across all target-neighbor treatments, competitive intensity was similar to 1.8-fold greater when N was pulsed compared to when N was supplied continuously, but overall, the outcome of competitive interactions was not influenced by N pulse timing. While the timing of resource supply did not differentially influence the competitive abilities of coexisting species in this system, the temporal pattern of resource supply did alter the intensity of competitive interactions among species. While additional studies in other systems are needed to evaluate the generality of these results, this study suggests that competitive intensity may not necessarily be a direct function of productivity or resource availability as traditionally assumed. Instead, the intensity of competitive interactions in resource-poor systems may depend upon the temporal pattern of resource supply. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826 A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2007 VL 152 IS 4 BP 721 EP 727 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0685-3 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192TO UT WOS:000248226100014 PM 17351793 ER PT J AU Robinet, C Liebhold, A Gray, D AF Robinet, Christelle Liebhold, Andrew Gray, David TI Variation in developmental time affects mating success and Allee effects SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE ASYNCHRONY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; RESPIRATION RATES; POPULATION-GROWTH; EGG PHENOLOGY; MALES EMERGE; MODEL; LYMANTRIIDAE; EXTINCTION AB A fundamental question in biological conservation and invasion biology is why do some populations go extinct? Allee effects, notably those caused by mate location failure, are potentially key factors leading to the extinction of sparse populations. Several previous studies have focused on the inability of males and females to locate each other in space when populations are at low densities but here we investigate the effects of differences in the timing of male and female maturation on mating success. We develop a generalized model to clarify the role of protandry (the appearance of males before female emergence) and variability in adult maturation times. We show that temporal asynchrony can substantially reduce the probability of successful mating. We then apply this generalized model to estimate mating success in invading populations of the gypsy moth in North America in relation to local climate and its associated seasonality. Considerable geographic heterogeneity was observed in simulated mating success and this variability was not correlated with previous evaluations of bioclimatic requirements and habitat suitability. Furthermore, we found that the generalized model of temporal asynchrony provided reliable predictions and that detailed modeling of gypsy moth development was not necessary. C1 INRA, UR633, FR-45166 Olivet, France. USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP Robinet, C (reprint author), INRA, UR633, Ave Pomme Pin, FR-45166 Olivet, France. EM robinet@orleans.inra.fr RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUL PY 2007 VL 116 IS 7 BP 1227 EP 1237 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15891.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181LK UT WOS:000247438000015 ER PT J AU Araujo, AB Travison, TG Harris, SS Holick, MF Turner, AK McKinlay, JB AF Araujo, A. B. Travison, T. G. Harris, S. S. Holick, M. F. Turner, A. K. McKinlay, J. B. TI Race/ethnic differences in bone mineral density in men SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone densitometry; epidemiology; men; osteoporosis; population study; race/ethnicity ID HIP FRACTURE; WHITE MEN; OLDER MEN; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; US ADULTS; MASS; BLACK AB The epidemiology of osteoporosis in male and minority populations is understudied. We compared BMD in 1,209 Black, Hispanic, and White men. Black men exhibited higher BMD than Hispanic or White men. Age-related BMD decreases were greatest among Hispanic men. Results may help explain variation in hip fracture rates by race/ethnicity. Introduction The epidemiology of osteoporosis in male and minority populations is understudied. To address this concern, we conducted a study of skeletal health in a diverse population of adult males. Methods A total of 367 Black, 401 Hispanic, and 451 White men aged 30-79 years were randomly sampled from Boston, MA. Bone densitometry (bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD)) at the whole body, hip, lumbar spine, and forearm was performed. Multiple regression analyses on 1,209 men with available data were used to describe race/ethnic group-specific means (height- and age-adjusted) and age trends (height-adjusted) in BMC, BA, and BMD. Results were weighted to represent the Boston male population aged 30-79 years. Results Black men had greater BMC and BMD than Hispanic or White men. Femoral neck BMD was 5.6% and 13.3% higher in Black men than in Hispanic and White men, respectively. Differences between Hispanic and White subjects were restricted to the hip. Age-related declines in BMC and BMD were significantly steeper among Hispanic than Black or White men. Conclusions Differences in BMC and BMD could explain variation in fracture rates among Black, Hispanic, and White men. The steeper age-related BMD decline in Hispanic men is of particular concern. C1 New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Araujo, AB (reprint author), New England Res Inst, 9 Galen St, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM aaraujo@neriscience.com; ttravison@neriscience.com; susan.harris@tufts.edu; mfholick@bu.edu; aturner@bu.edu; jmckinlay@neriscience.com RI Travison, Thomas/C-7098-2011; OI Holick, Michael/0000-0001-6023-9062 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00533]; NIA NIH HHS [AG20727, R01 AG020727, R01 AG020727-05A1]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK56842] NR 50 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 7 BP 943 EP 953 DI 10.1007/s00198-006-0321-9 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 178ET UT WOS:000247204700006 PM 17340219 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Harris, SS Rasmussen, HM Dallal, GE AF Dawson-Hughes, B. Harris, S. S. Rasmussen, H. M. Dallal, G. E. TI Comparative effects of oral aromatic and branched-chain amino acids on urine calcium excretion in humans SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res DE aromatic amino acids; bone turnover; branched-chain amino acids; calcium excretion; IGF-1 ID SENSING RECEPTOR; HYPOCALCIURIC HYPERCALCEMIA; DIETARY-PROTEIN; ABSORPTION; SECRETION; EXPRESSION; POTASSIUM; FAMILIES; STOMACH; BALANCE AB In 30 adults, increasing intake of aromatic amino acids increased calcium excretion and serum IGF-1, but not indices of bone turnover, when compared with similar increases in intake of branched-chain amino acids. The mechanisms involved are not certain but these findings suggest a role for the calcium sensor receptor. Introduction In contrast to branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), aromatic amino acids (AAAs) bind to the calcium sensing receptor (CaR) and thus have an increased potential to affect calcium homeostasis. In this study we compare the effects of increased intake of AAAs versus BCAAs on calcium excretion, serum IGF-1, markers of bone turnover, and 4-hr calcium excretion after an oral calcium load. Methods After two weeks on low-protein metabolic diets, 30 healthy subjects were randomized to a fivefold increase in intake of AAAs or BCAAs for two weeks. Changes in calcium excretion and other measures were compared in the two groups. Results With the increase in amino acid intake, 24-hr calcium excretion (P= 0.027), IGF-1 ( P= 0.022), and 4-hr calcium excretion after an oral load ( P= 0.023) increased significantly in the AAA relative to the BCAA group. Group changes in turnover markers did not differ significantly. Conclusion In comparison with BCAAs, AAAs promoted calcium excretion. The calciuria does not appear to result from increases in bone resorption and may occur by increasing calcium absorption. The AAAs also increased circulating levels of IGF-1. Collectively these findings raise the possibility that AAAs may selectively influence calcium homeostasis through their interactions with the CaR. C1 Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Bess.Dawson-Hughes@Tufts.edu; Susan.Harris@Tufts.edu; Helen.Rasmussen@Tufts.edu; Jerry.Dallal@Tufts.edu NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 7 BP 955 EP 961 DI 10.1007/s00198-006-0320-x PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 178ET UT WOS:000247204700007 PM 17252311 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JH Gitz, DC Liu-Gitz, L Xu, CP Gao, W Slusser, J AF Sullivan, Joe H. Gitz, Dennis C., III Liu-Gitz, Lan Xu, Chenping Gao, Wei Slusser, James TI Coupling short-term changes in ambient UV-B levels with induction of UV-screening compounds SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Photobiology CY JUL, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP Amer Soc Photobiol ID SPECTRAL WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS; BARLEY PRIMARY LEAVES; HIGHER-PLANTS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; OZONE DEPLETION; FIELD; GROWTH AB A substantial number of studies have been conducted over the last several decades to assess the potential impacts of long-term increases in ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B between 280 and 320 nm) that will result from continued depletion of stratospheric ozone. However, seasonal changes, tropospheric chemistry and cloudiness are the dominant factors controlling ambient UV-B levels on a short-term or daily basis. The effects of short-term changes in UV-B on plant growth, phytochemistry and physiological processes have received relatively little attention. The USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program provides an excellent network of stations that provide an opportunity to monitor long-term changes in solar UV-B radiation and evaluate the responses of plants to short-term variation in UV-B levels on a near-real-time basis. In this study barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.) were used as model systems. Emerging seedlings of these species were grown under either near-ambient levels of UV-B or under reduced levels (ca 90% reduction) in the field. Periodic measurements of foliar UV-screening compounds were made on separate groups of seedlings planted at intervals over the growing season during contrasting periods of ambient levels of UV radiation. The levels of UV-screening compounds correlated with UV-B levels in both species and with UV-A in soybean but the sensitivity of the response differed between the two species and among the soybean cultivars. Response differences among species may be related to unique secondary chemistry of each species, so one response estimate or action spectrum may not be appropriate for all species. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Radiat Monitoring Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sullivan, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jsull@umd.edu RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00138.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 197EK UT WOS:000248537200012 PM 17645657 ER PT J AU Nelson, M Moisen, G Finco, M Brewer, K AF Nelson, Mark Moisen, Gretchen Finco, Mark Brewer, Ken TI Forest inventory analysis in the United States: Remote sensing and geospatial activities SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Forest Inventory & Anal Program, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Interior W Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. USDA ARS, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, RedCastle Resources Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Nelson, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Forest Inventory & Anal Program, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 7 BP 729 EP 732 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 210EA UT WOS:000249438300001 ER PT J AU Plourde, LC Ollinger, SV Smith, ML Martin, ME AF Plourde, Lucie C. Ollinger, Scott V. Smith, Marie-Louise Martin, Mary E. TI Estimating species abundance in a northern temperate forest using spectral mixture analysis SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BEECH BARK DISEASE; SUGAR MAPLE; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; BOREAL FORESTS; WATER YIELD; OLD-GROWTH; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; IMAGERY AB Effective, reliable methods for characterizing the spatial distribution of tree species through remote sensing would represent an important step toward better understanding changes in biodiversity, habitat quality, climate, and nutrient cycling. Towards this end, we explore the feasibility of using spectral mixture analysis to discriminate the distribution and abundance of two important forest species at the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Using hyper-spectral image data and simulated broadband sensor data, we used spectral unmixing to quantify the abundance of sugar maple and American beech, as opposed to the more conventional approach of detecting presence or absence of discrete species classes. Stronger linear relationships were demonstrated between predicted and measured abundance for hyperspectral than broadband sensor data: R-2 = 0.49 (RMSE = 0.09) versus R-2 = 0. 16 (RMSE = 0.19) for sugar maple; R-2 = 0.36 (RMSE = 0.18) versus R-2 = 0.24 (RMSE 0.33) for beech. These results suggest that spectrally unmixing hyperspectral data to estimate species abundances holds promise for a variety of ecological studies. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Plourde, LC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lucie.plourde@unh.edu RI Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; OI Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Lepine, Lucie/0000-0003-1028-2534 NR 58 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 7 BP 829 EP 840 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 210EA UT WOS:000249438300013 ER PT J AU Swanson, DK Swanson, SA AF Swanson, David K. Swanson, Shelli A. TI Effectiveness of ecological units for stratification of bird habitat in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bird inventory; ecological unit; habitat; sampling design ID LAND CLASSIFICATION; BOREAL FOREST; LANDSCAPE; TERRITORIES; ABUNDANCE; LEVEL AB For a comprehensive bird inventory of Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska, we stratified the I million hectare study area by large, physiographically defined regions known as ecological units. Point-count data from the bird inventory were used to test the ability of the ecological units to differentiate bird assemblages, and compare the effectiveness of ecological units to fine-scale vegetation types. The ecological units were a synthesis of geology, landforms, soils, and vegetation mapped at a scale of 1:250,000; the vegetation types were based on vegetation within 50 m of the sample points. Nonparametric multivariate statistical tests showed that ecological units and vegetation types had similar success in differentiating bird assemblages, despite their different scales and conceptual bases. Analyses of individual bird species showed that both ecological units and vegetation types provide useful and complementary information about bird habitat selection. Ecological units have several advantages over vegetation types as sample-area strata: they are stable over time, logistically easier to sample in a large road-less study area, and they allow one to obtain a larger bird sample size through inclusion of birds detected at greater distances. C1 [Swanson, David K.; Swanson, Shelli A.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Swanson, DK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 907, Baker City, OR 97814 USA. EM dkswanson@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 311 EP 330 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.28.4.311 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 272RJ UT WOS:000253877100003 ER PT J AU Johnson, EG Joshi, MV Gibson, DM Loria, R AF Johnson, Evan G. Joshi, Madhumita V. Gibson, Donna M. Loria, Rosemary TI Cello-oligosaccharides released from host plants induce pathogenicity in scab-causing Streptomyces species SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thaxtomin; Potato scab; Cellulose; Common scab ID THAXTOMIN-A; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; IN-VITRO; ACIDISCABIES; PHYTOTOXIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENES AB Thaxtomin, a phytotoxic dipeptide that inhibits cellulose synthesis in expanding plant cells, is a pathogenicity determinant in scab-causing Streptomyces species. Cellobiose and cellotriose, the smallest subunits of cellulose, stimulated thaxtomin production in a defined medium, while other oligosaccharides did not. Cellobiose upregulated transcription of thaxtomin biosynthetic genes. Streptomyces scabies, Streptomyces acidiscabies, and Streptomyces turgidiscabies did not hydrolyze cellulose, suggesting that these cello-oligosaccharides are plant-derived. Cellotriose was released from rapidly growing plant seedlings growing in vitro. These data support a model in which scab-causing pathogens upregulate thaxtomin production in response to cellotriose released from thaxtomin-sensitive plant tissue. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Evan G.; Joshi, Madhumita V.; Loria, Rosemary] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gibson, Donna M.] ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Loria, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM r121@cornell.edu RI Johnson, Evan/B-9864-2008 OI Johnson, Evan/0000-0001-7672-2120 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35319-15289] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2005-35319-15289. The authors would like to thank Kent Loeffler for photography of TLC plates and Robert Sherwood and Sheng Zhang of the Cornell Bioresource Center Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility for oligosaccharide MS analysis. We would also like to thank Diana Irwin for helpful advice on oligosaccharide TLC, Marshall Hayes for assistance with tobacco cell suspensions, and Jocelyn Rose and Bree Urbanowicz for thoughtful discussions. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.09.003 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 397NK UT WOS:000262669200003 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Balaji, B Breeden, J Goodwin, SB AF Adhikari, Tika B. Balaji, Boovaraghan Breeden, Jill Goodwin, Stephen B. TI Resistance of wheat to Mycosphaerella graminicola involves early and late peaks of gene expression SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Defense-related genes; Cereal; Monocot; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Pathogenesis-related genes; Real-time PCR analysis; Septoria tritici; Triticum aestivum; Wheat ID SEPTORIA-TRITICI BLOTCH; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; VACUOLAR H+-ATPASE; HORDEUM-VULGARE L; DISEASE RESISTANCE; AESTIVUM L; SUBUNIT-E; INFECTION; CULTIVARS; BARLEY AB Large-scale cDNA-AFLP profiling identified numerous genes with increased expression during the resistance response of wheat to the Septoria tritici blotch fungus, Mycosphaerella graminicola. To test whether these genes were associated with resistance responses, primers were designed for the 14 that were most strongly up-regulated, and their levels of expression were measured at 12 time points from 0 to 27 days after inoculation (DAI) in two resistant and two susceptible cultivars of wheat by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. None of these genes was expressed constitutively in the resistant wheat cultivars. Instead, infection of wheat by M. graminicola induced changes in expression of each gene in both resistant and susceptible cultivars over time. The four genes chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, pathogenesis-related protein PR-1, and peroxidase were induced from about 10- to 60-fold at early stages (3 h-1 DAI) during the incompatible interactions but were not expressed at later time points. Nine other genes (ATPase, brassinosteroid-6-oxidase, peptidylprolyl isomerase, peroxidase 2, 40S ribosomal protein, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, putative protease inhibitor, methionine sulfoxide reductase, and an RNase S-like protein precursor) had bimodal patterns with both early (1-3 DAI) and late (12-24 DAI) peaks of expression in at least one of the resistant cultivars, but low if any induction in the two susceptible cultivars. The remaining gene (a serine carboxypeptidase) had a trimodal pattern of expression in the resistant cultivar Tadinia. These results indicate that the resistance response of wheat to M. graminicola is not completed during the first 24 h after contact with the pathogen, as thought previously, but instead can extend into the period from 18 to 24 DAI when fungal growth increases dramatically in compatible interactions. Many of these genes have a possible function in signal transduction or possibly as regulatory elements. Expression of the PR-1 gene at 12 h after inoculation was much higher in resistant compared to susceptible recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) segregating for the Stb4 and Stb8 genes for resistance. Therefore, analysis of gene expression could provide a faster method for separating resistant from susceptible lines in research programs. Significant differential expression patterns of the defense-related genes between the resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars and RILs after inoculation with M. graminicola suggest that these genes may play a major role in the resistance mechanisms of wheat. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Adhikari, Tika B.; Breeden, Jill; Goodwin, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA, ARS,Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Balaji, Boovaraghan] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA, ARS,Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgoodwin@purdue.edu FU USDA CRIS [3602-22000-013-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA CRIS Project 3602-22000-013-00D. We thank Kristi Brikmanis, Jessica Cavaletto, Vicky Cheng, and Jennifer Sanders for excellent technical assistance, Charles Crane for help with bioinformatics analyses, and Jessica Cavaletto for help with analyses and formatting of the figures. NR 75 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.10.004 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 397NK UT WOS:000262669200008 ER PT J AU Kutrzeba, L Dayan, FE Howell, J Feng, J Giner, JL Zjawlony, JK AF Kutrzeba, Lukasz Dayan, Franck E. Howell, J'Lynn Feng, Ju Giner, Jose-Luis Zjawlony, Jordan K. TI Biosynthesis of salvinorin A proceeds via the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Phytochemical-Society-of-North-American CY 2006 CL Univ Mississipi, Oxford, MS SP Phytochem Soc N Amer HO Univ Mississipi DE salvinorin A; Salvia divinorum; labiatae; deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway; biosynthetic labeling experiments; NMR analysis ID SALVIA-DIVINORUM; NEOCLERODANE DITERPENOIDS; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; ESSENTIAL OILS; HIGHER-PLANTS; SAGE; 1-DEOXY-D-XYLULOSE; BACTERIA; ALGAE AB Salvinorin A, a neoclerodane diterpenoid, isolated from the Mexican hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum, is a potent kappa-opioid receptor agonist. Its biosynthetic route was studied by NMR and HR-EST-MS analysis of the products of the incorporation of [1(-13) C]-glucose, [Me-C-13]-methionine, and [1(-13) C;3,4(-2)H(2)]-1-deoxy-D-xylulose into its structure. While the use of cuttings and direct-stem injection were unsuccessful, incorporation of C-13 into salvinorin A was achieved using in vitro sterile culture of microshoots. NMR spectroscopic analysis of salvinorin A (2.7 mg) isolated from 200 microshoots grown in the presence of [1(-13)C]-glucose established that this pharmacologically important diterpene is biosynthesized via the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway, instead of the classic mevalonic acid pathway. This was confirmed further in plants grown in the presence of[1(-13)C; 3,4-(2) H-2]-1-deoxy-D-Xylulose. In addition, analysis of salvinorin A produced by plants grown in the presence of [Me- C-13]-methionine indicates that methylation of the C-4 carboxyl group is catalyzed by a type III S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferase. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Zjawlony, JK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. EM jordan@olemiss.edu RI Feng, Ju/K-2515-2012; Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 FU NCRR NIH HHS [C06 RR-14503-01, C06 RR014503, P20 RR 021929-01, P20 RR021929, P20 RR021929-017632] NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 14 SI SI BP 1872 EP 1881 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.034 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 196HM UT WOS:000248472300009 PM 17574635 ER PT J AU Medina-Bolivar, F Condori, J Rimando, AM Hubstenberger, J Shelton, K O'Keefe, SF Bennett, S Dolan, MC AF Medina-Bolivar, Fabricio Condori, Jose Rimando, Agnes M. Hubstenberger, John Shelton, Kristen O'Keefe, Sean F. Bennett, Selester Dolan, Maureen C. TI Production and secretion of resveratrol in hairy root cultures of peanut SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Phytochemical-Society-of-North-American CY 2006 CL Univ Mississipi, Oxford, MS SP Phytochem Soc N Amer HO Univ Mississipi DE peanut; Arachis hypogaea; leguminosae; resveratrol; pterostilbene; stilbenes; hairy roots; elicitation ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TROPANE ALKALOID PRODUCTION; AGROPINE-TYPE PLASMID; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; DEFENSE RESPONSES; GENES; TRANSFORMATION; PTEROSTILBENE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Resveratrol and its derivatives are natural stilbenes associated with many health benefits that include those conferred by their anti oxidant and anticancer properties. While stilbenes can be recovered as an extract from a selected number of plants, these products are not suitable for many applications in the food/pharmaceutical sectors due to high levels of impurities as well as the overall low concentration IV of resveratrol and its derivatives in the extract. To deliver a highly defined and enriched resveratrol product, hairy root cultures of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) were established and tested as a bioproduction system for resveratrol and associated derivatives. Analyses by HPTLC and GC-MS of ethyl acetate extracts showed that a single 24 h sodium acetate elicitation resulted in a 60-fold induction and secretion of trans- resveratrol into the medium of peanut hairy root cultures. trans-Resveratrol accumulated to levels of 98 mu g/mg of the dried extract from the medium representing 99% of the total resveratrol produced. Other stilbenes, including trans-pterostilbene, were also detected in the medium. Our results demonstrate the capacity of hairy root cultures as an effective bioprocessing system for valued nutraceuticals like resveratrol and resveratrol derivatives. in being able to effectively induce and recover high levels of resveratrol and associated derivatives from the media fraction, hairy roots may offer a scalable and continuous product recovery platform for naturally-derived, high quality, enriched nutraceuticals. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arkansas Biosci Inst, Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Nat W Inc, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA. RP Medina-Bolivar, F (reprint author), Arkansas Biosci Inst, POB 639, Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. EM fmedinabolivar@astate.edu RI O'Keefe, Sean/N-3101-2016; OI O'Keefe, Sean/0000-0002-2491-7900; Condori, Jose/0000-0002-1011-6096 NR 50 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 14 SI SI BP 1992 EP 2003 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.039 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 196HM UT WOS:000248472300016 PM 17574636 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Duke, SO Sauldubois, A Singh, N McCurdy, C Cantrell, C AF Dayan, Franck E. Duke, Stephen O. Sauldubois, Audrey Singh, Nidhi McCurdy, Christopher Cantrell, Charles TI p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is a herbicidal target site for beta-triketones from Leptospermum scoparium SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Phytochemical-Society-of-North-American CY 2006 CL Univ Mississipi, Oxford, MS SP Phytochem Soc N Amer HO Univ Mississipi DE Leptospermum scoparium; leptospermone; manuka oil; Myrtaceae; essential oil; grandiflorone; herbicide; p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; HPPD; mode of action; phytotoxins; triketones ID 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; (4-HYDROXYPHENYL)PYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; POTENT INHIBITOR; PLANT; MODE; OILS; ISOXAFLUTOLE; ARABIDOPSIS; SELECTIVITY; MANUKA AB beta-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is a key enzyme in tyrosine catabolism and is the molecular target site of beta-triketone pharmacophores used to treat hypertyrosinemia in humans. In plants, HPPD is involved in the biosynthesis of prenyl quinones and tocopherols, and is the target site of beta-triketone herbicides. The beta-triketone-rich essential oil of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium), and its components leptospermone, grandifforone and flavesone were tested for their activity in whole-plant bioassays and for their potency against HPPD. The achlorophyllous phenotype of developing plants exposed to manuka oil or its purified beta-triketone components was similar to that of plants exposed to the synthetic HPPD inhibitor sulcotrione. The triketone-rich fraction and leptospermone were approximatively 10 times more active than that of the crude manuka oil, with I-50 values of 1.45, 0.96 and 11.5 mu g mL(-1), respectively. The effect of these samples on carotenoid levels was similar. Unlike their synthetic counterpart, steady-state 02 consumption experiments revealed that the natural triketones were competitive reversible inhibitors of HPPD. Dose-response curves against the enzyme activity of HPPD provided apparent I-50 values 15.0, 4.02, 3.14, 0.22 mu g mL(-1) for manuka oil, triketone-rich fraction, leptospermone and grandifforone, respectively. Flavesone was not active. Structure activity relationships indicate that the size and lipophilicity of the side-chain affected the potency of the compounds. Computational analysis of the catalytic domain of HPPD indicates that a lipophilic domain proximate from the Fe (2+) favors the binding of ligands with lipophilic moieties. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Angers, UFR Sci, F-49045 Angers 01, France. Univ Mississippi, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 38 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 14 SI SI BP 2004 EP 2014 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.01.026 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 196HM UT WOS:000248472300017 PM 17368492 ER PT J AU Ignatov, A Sechler, A Schuenzel, EL Agarkova, I Oliver, B Vidaver, AK Schaad, NW AF Ignatov, A. Sechler, A. Schuenzel, E. L. Agarkova, I. Oliver, B. Vidaver, A. K. Schaad, N. W. TI Genetic diversity in populations of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in cruciferous weeds in central coastal California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK ROT; REP-PCR; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; RESISTANCE; PATHOVARS; ORIGIN; AFLP AB Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (X. campestris) infects a large number of cruciferous plants, including weeds. California has one of the largest and most diverse populations of wild cruciferous plants in the world. Although considerable information is available on the genetic diversity of X. campestris in commercial crop plants, nothing is known about the diversity in strains infecting weeds. To assess the genetic diversity among strains of X. campestris in weeds in noncultivated and cultivated areas. strains of the pathogen were isolated from populations of cruciferous weeds growing in coastal valley crop-production sites and from remote nonproduction sites along the California central coast. Results of fingerprinting over 68 strains using amplified fragment length polymorphism along with representative strains by sequence analysis showed the presence of seven genotypes. Genotypes A and B were limited to coastal sites; genotypes C, D, and E were from inland cultivated sites; and genotypes F and G were present in both coastal noncultivated and inland cultivated sites. Crop strains were grouped outside any weed strain group and were separated from the weed strains and other pathovars of X. campestris. These results revealed, for the first time, that strains of X. campestris present in noncultivated coastal weed populations generally were unique to a site and genetically distinct from strains present in populations of weeds in crop-production areas located nearby. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Monterey Cty Agr Commissioners Off, Salinas, CA USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/L-3438-2013 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0003-2948-753X NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 BP 803 EP 812 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-7-0803 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181PP UT WOS:000247448900004 PM 18943929 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Kelsey, RG Karchesy, JJ AF Manter, Daniel K. Kelsey, Rick G. Karchesy, Joseph J. TI Photosynthetic declines in Phytophthora ramorum-infected plants develop prior to water stress and in response to exogenous application of elicitins SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; toxin ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CO2 ASSIMILATION; BINDING-SITES; TOBACCO; CINNAMOMI; RESISTANCE; INFESTANS; CALIFORNIA; LEAVES AB Phytophthora ramorum, causal agent of sudden oak death, is responsible for widespread oak mortality in California and Oregon, and has the potential to infect 100 or more species. Symptoms range from stem girdling and shoot blight to leaf spotting. In this study, we examined the physiological impacts of P ramorum infection on Rhododendron macrophyllum. In stem-inoculated plants, photosynthetic capacity (V-cmax ) significantly declined by approximate to 21% 3 weeks after inoculation in visibly asymptomatic leaves. By 4 weeks, after the development of significant stem lesions and loss in water transport capacity, water stress led to stomatal closure and additional declines in photosynthetic capacity. We also report the isolation, characterization, and biological activity of two P. ramorum elicitins. Both elicitins were capable of inducing a hypersensitive-like response in one incompatible (Nicotiana tabacum SR1) and three compatible hosts (R. macrophyllum, Lithocarpus densiflorus, and Umbellularia californica). Infiltration of leaves from all three compatible hosts with both P. ramorum elicitins caused significant declines in chlorophyll fluorescence (F-v/F-m). For all four species, the loss of photosynthetic capacity was directly proportional to H+ uptake and ethylene production, two common components of the hypersensitive response. This is the first report of elicitins causing photosynthetic declines in compatible hosts independent of plant water stress. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Wood Sci & Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 BP 850 EP 856 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-7-0850 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181PP UT WOS:000247448900009 PM 18943934 ER PT J AU Atallah, ZK Bae, J Jansky, SH Rouse, DI Stevenson, WR AF Atallah, Z. K. Bae, J. Jansky, S. H. Rouse, D. I. Stevenson, W. R. TI Multiplex real-time quantitative PCR to detect and quantify Verticillium dahliae colonization in potato lines that differ in response to Verticillium wilt SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; INFECTED POTATO; METAM-SODIUM; SOIL ASSAYS; PRIMER SETS; LATE BLIGHT AB Potato early dying (PED), also known as Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a seasonal yield-limiting disease of potato worldwide. and PED-resistant cultivars Currently represent only a small percentage of potato production. In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) approach to detect and quantify 1 dahliae. The efficiency of the designed primer pair VertBt-F/VertBt-R, derived from the sequence of the beta-tubulin gene, was greater than 95% in monoplex Q-PCR and duplex (using Plexor technology) procedures with primers PotAct-F/PotAct-R, obtained from the sequence of the actin gene, designed for potato. As few as 148 fg of V dahliae DNA were detected and quantified, which is equivalent to five nuclei. Q-PCR detected V dahliae in naturally infected air-dried potato stems and fresh stems of inoculated plants. Spearman correlations indicated a high correlation (upward of 80%) between V dahliae quantifications using QPCR and the currently used plating assays. Moreover, Q-PCR substantially reduced the variability compared with that observed in the plating assay, and allowed for the detection of V dahliae in 10% of stem samples found to be pathogen free on the culture medium. The described Q-PCR approach should provide breeders with a more sensitive and less variable alternative to time-consuming plating assays to distinguish response of breeding lines to colonization by V. dahliae. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Atallah, ZK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM atila@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 65 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 BP 865 EP 872 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-7-0865 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181PP UT WOS:000247448900011 PM 18943936 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Accinelli, C Zablotowicz, RM Abel, CA Bruns, AH Dong, Y Shier, TW AF Abbas, H. K. Accinelli, C. Zablotowicz, R. M. Abel, C. A. Bruns, A. H. Dong, Y. Shier, T. W. TI The occurrence of mycotoxins in corn (maize) plant debris SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, CG&PRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181XP UT WOS:000247470000002 ER EF