FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU French, BW Chandler, LD Riedell, WE AF French, B. Wade Chandler, Laurence D. Riedell, Walter E. TI Effectiveness of corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) areawide pest management in South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica; IPM; landscape; semiochemical baits ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; DIABROTICA-BARBERI COLEOPTERA; CONTROLLED INFESTATIONS; INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LARVAL INJURY; MAIZE HYBRIDS; PLANTING DATE; WESTERN; NORTHERN AB Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are serious pests of maize, Zea mays L. To reduce the amount of toxicants released into the environment, the Agricultural Research Service implemented a 5-yr (1997-2001) areawide pest management program in five geographic locations, including one in South Dakota. The objective was to use integrated pest management tactics to suppress adult Diabrotica populations over a broad geographic area by using aerially applied semiochemical-baited insecticides. Suppressed populations theoretically should reduce oviposition, limit larval feeding damage to maize roots, and result in fewer beetles emerging in subsequent years. We used emergence cages, sticky traps, and CRW lure traps to monitor adult D. barberi and D. v. virgifera populations. We sampled for Diabrotica eggs, and we determined damage to maize roots. We sampled in several maize fields (control) located near the areawide site. The baited insecticides were effective in reducing adult populations I and 2 wk after application, and most remained low for the duration of the maize growing season. Fewer beetles were captured in both sticky and lure traps in the areawide site than in the control site. With a few exceptions, egg counts, adult emergence, and maize root damage were similar between the areawide and control sites; however, maize roots had greater fresh weight in the control site. Although not all goals were accomplished, when considering the amount of toxicant released into the environment, using sermochemical-baited insecticides to suppress adult pest Diabrotica populations seems to be an effective areawide management tool. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Resources Res Ctr, NPA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wfrench@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1542 EP 1554 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1542:EOCRCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700008 PM 17972631 ER PT J AU Charlet, LD Aiken, RM Meyer, RF Gebre-Amlak, A AF Charlet, Laurence D. Aiken, Robert M. Meyer, Ron F. Gebre-Amlak, Assefa TI Impact of irrigation on larval density of stem-infesting pests of cultivated sunflower in Kansas SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sunflower; Cylindrocopturus adspersus; Pelochrista womonana; Dectes texanus; pest management ID ADSPERSUS LECONTE COLEOPTERA; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT FAUNA; CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS; DECTES-TEXANUS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CURCULIONIDAE; WEEVIL; PLAINS; YIELD AB The guild of stem-infesting insect pests of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., within the central Plains is a concern to producers, chiefly due to losses caused by plant lodging from the sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Dectes texanus texanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The incidence of a root boring moth, Pelochrista womonana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), also has increased. Experiments were conducted in Kansas during 2000-2001 to investigate the effect of irrigation timing and intensity on densities of C. adspersus, D. texanus, and P. womonana larvae within cultivated sunflower stalks. Supplemental soil moisture provided by irrigation during the growing season increased both seed yield and oil content, and it reduced insect densities of the sunflower stem weevil and P. womonana in the sunflower stalk. Results showed that ensuring adequate moisture during the growing season can assist in reducing stem-infesting insect densities, revealing an additional advantage of crop irrigation beyond improved sunflower productivity. C1 Kansas State Univ, NW Res Extens Ctr, Colby, KS 67701 USA. Colorado State Univ, Golden Plains Area Cooperat Extens, Burlington, CO 80807 USA. Colorado State Univ, Greeley, CO 80631 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Charlet, LD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, NW Res Extens Ctr, 105 Expt Farm Rd, Colby, KS 67701 USA. EM larry.charlet@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1555 EP 1559 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1555:IOIOLD]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700009 PM 17972632 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Adamczyk, JJ Meagher, RL Gore, J Jackson, R AF Nagoshi, Rod N. Adamczyk, John J., Jr. Meagher, Robert L. Gore, Jeffrey Jackson, Ryan TI Using stable isotope analysis to examine fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) host strains in a cotton habitat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda; cotton; stable isotope; host strains ID MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE; FLORIDA; CORN AB Spodoptera frugiperda (JE. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), or fall armyworm, is an important agricultural pest of several crops in the Western Hemisphere, including cotton (Gossypium L.). Two morphologically identical host strains of fall armyworm exist that differ in plant host use and habitat distribution. The corn-strain is a primary pest of corn, Zea mays L., whereas the rice-strain is the majority population infesting rice (Oryza spp.) and turfgrass (Cynodon spp.). With the increased use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-expressing cotton varieties and the necessity of ensuring adequate refuge areas to prevent the spread of Bt toxin resistance, it is crucial to identify the alternative plant hosts available for the fall armyworm population infesting cotton. Stable isotope analysis combined with the molecular analysis of strain-specific markers was used to investigate whether one or both strains routinely develop on cotton grown in the Mississippi delta. We found that the majority of fall armyworm adults present during the early cotton growing season arose from C, plants (e.g., corn and sorghum, Sorghum vulgare, Pers.) and that the only strain likely to be developing on cotton (a C, plant) in substantial numbers was the corn-strain. The population distribution patterns observed were consistent with corn providing ail important refuge for the fall armyworm strain infesting cotton and suggested that late season populations in the Mississippi delta may be migrants from more northern corn areas. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM rnagoshi@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1576 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1569:USIATE]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700011 PM 17972634 ER PT J AU Myers, CT Leskey, TC Forsline, PL AF Myers, Clayton T. Leskey, Tracy C. Forsline, Philip L. TI Susceptibility of fruit from diverse apple and crabapple germplasm to attack by plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR COLEOPTERA; MULTIPLE PEST RESISTANCE; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; CRAB APPLES; TEPHRITIDAE; MANAGEMENT; PREFERENCE; SELECTIONS; DEVECTA; DIPTERA AB Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important apple, Malus domestica Borkh., pest that significantly binders sustainable apple production in eastern North America. The potential for host plant resistance to plum curculio among apple germplasm has never been rigorously evaluated. Thus, studies were conducted to assess the susceptibility of a number of exotic and domestic Malus accessions housed at the USDA Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) "core" collection in Geneva, NY. Contrary to earlier published reports and promising data from a field assessment in 2005, these results suggest that there is probably little potential for genetic resistance to plum curculio among the Malus germplasm collection evaluated. More specifically, four Malus hybrid selections that have previously been released with claims of plum curculio resistance were shown to be susceptible to plum curculio attack. Because there are additional accessions housed at PGRU outside of the core collection that are currently classified as resistant, further studies are necessary to evaluate the true resistance qualities of these releases. It is also important to clarify such discrepancies in both the USDA online Germplasm Resources Information Network and in the horticultural literature. Although other Malus species exhibited some variability in fruit susceptibility, none could be classified as being truly resistant to plum curculio attack by any definition that would have relevance to commercial production and sale of apples. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Myers, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM clayton.myers@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1663 EP 1671 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1663:SOFFDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700023 PM 17972646 ER PT J AU Wu, YQ Huang, YH Porter, DR Tauer, CG Hollaway, L AF Wu, Y. Q. Huang, Yinghua Porter, David R. Tauer, C. G. Hollaway, Lindsey TI Identification of a major quantitative trait locus conditioning resistance to greenbug biotype E in sorghum PI 550610 using simple sequence repeat markers SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphid; host resistance; quantitative trait loci; simple sequence repeats; Schizaphis graminum ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; GENETIC-MAP; LINKAGE-MAP; SSR MARKERS; APHIDIDAE; HOMOPTERA; RFLP; TOLERANCE; CULTIVARS; DIVERSITY AB Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), represents the most important pest insect of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, in the Great Plains of the United States. Biotype E is the most widespread and dominant type not only in sorghum and wheat, Triticum aestivum L., fields, but also on many noncultivated grass species. This study was designed to determine sorghum accession PI 550610 resistance to greenbug biotype E, to map the resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by using an established simple sequence repeat (SSR) linkage map and to identify SSR markers closely linked to the major resistance QTLs. In greenhouse screening tests, seedlings of PI 550610 showed strong resistance to the greenbug at a level similar to resistant accession PI 550607. For QTL mapping, one F-2 population containing 277 progeny and one population containing 233 F,,, families derived from Westland A line X PI 550610 were used to genotype 132 polymorphic SSR markers and to phenotype seedling resistance to greenbug feeding. Phenotypic evaluation of sorghum seedling damage at 7, 12, 17, and 21 d postinfestation in the F-2.3 families revealed that resistance variation was 14 normally distributed. Single marker analysis indicated 16 SSRs spread over five chromosomes were significant for greenbug resistance. Composite interval and multiple interval mapping procedures indicated that a major QTL resided in the interval of 6.8 cM between SSR markers Xtxp358 and Xtxp289 on SBI-09. The results will be valuable in the development of new greenbug biotype E resistant sorghum cultivars and for the further characterization of major genes by map-based cloning. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Huang, YH (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1672 EP 1678 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1672:IOAMQT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700024 PM 17972647 ER PT J AU Puterka, GJ Burd, JD Porter, D Shufran, K Baker, C Bowling, B Patrick, C AF Puterka, Gary J. Burd, John D. Porter, David Shufran, Kevin Baker, Cheryl Bowling, Bob Patrick, Carl TI Distribution and diversity of Russian wheat aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) biotypes in north America SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; barley; wheat; host race ID HOMOPTERA; RESISTANT; POPULATIONS; BARLEY AB Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., with Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) resistance based on the Dn4 gene has been important in managing Russian wheat aphid since 1994. Recently, five biotypes (RWA1-RWA5) of this aphid have been described based on their ability to differentially damage RWA resistance genes in wheat. RWA2, RWA4, and RWA5 are of great concern because they can kill wheat with DiA resistance. In 2005,365 Russian wheat aphid clone colonies were made from collections taken from 98 fields of wheat or barley, Hordeum vulgare L., in Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming to determine their biotypic status. The biotype of each clone was determined through its ability to differentially damage two resistant and two susceptible wheat entries in two phases of screening. The first phase determined the damage responses of Russian wheat aphid wheat entries with resistance genes Dn4, Dn7, and susceptible 'Custer' to infestations by each clone to identify RWA1 to RWA4. The second phase used the responses of Custer and 'Yuma' wheat to identify RWA1 and RWA5. Only two biotypes, RWA1 and RWA2, were identified in this study. The biotype composition across all collection sites was 27.2% RWA1 and 72.8% RWA2. RWA biotype frequency by state indicated that RWA2 was the predominant biotype and composed 73-95% of the biotype complex in Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Wyoming. Our study indicated that RWA2 is widely distributed and that it has rapidly dominated the biotype complex in wheat and barley within its primary range from Texas to Wyoming. Wheat with the Dn4 resistance gene will have little value in managing RWA in the United States, based on the predominance of RWA2. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Dumas, TX 79029 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Puterka, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM gary.puterka@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1679 EP 1684 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1679:DADORW]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700025 PM 17972648 ER PT J AU Shufran, KA Mornhinweg, DW Baker, CA Porter, DR AF Shufran, K. A. Mornhinweg, D. W. Baker, C. A. Porter, D. R. TI Variation to cause host injury between Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera : aphididae) clones virulent to Dn4 wheat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotype; Diuraphis noxia; Hordeum vulgare; host plant resistance; Triticum aestivum ID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM HOMOPTERA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; BIOTYPIC VARIATION; PLANT-RESISTANCE; ADAPTED RACES; BARLEY; REGISTRATION; HEMIPTERA AB Biotypes are infraspecific classifications based on biological rather than morphological characteristics. Cereal aphids are managed primarily by host plant resistance, and they often develop biotypes that injure or kill previously resistant plants. Although molecular genetic variation within aphid biotypes has been well documented, little is known about phenotypic variation, especially virulence or the biotype's ability to cause injury to cultivars with specific resistance genes. Five clones (single maternal lineages) of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera: Aphididae), determined to be injurious to wheat, Triticum aestivum L., with the Dn4 gene, were evaluated on resistant and susceptible wheat and barley, Hordeum vulgare L., for their ability to cause chlorosis, reduction in plant height, and reduction in shoot dry weight. Variation to cause injury on resistant 'Halt' wheat, susceptible 'Jagger' wheat, and resistant 'STARS-9301B' barley was found among the Dn4 virulent clones. One clone caused up to 30.0 and 59.5% more reduction in plant height and shoot dry weight, respectively, on resistant Halt than other clones. It also caused up to 29.9 and 55.5% more reduction in plant height and shoot dry weight, respectively, on susceptible Jagger wheat. Although STARS-9301B barley exhibited an equal resistant response to feeding by all five clones based on chlorosis, two clones caused approximate to 20% more reduction in plant height and shoot dry weight than three other clones. The most injurious clones on wheat were not the most injurious clones on barley. This is the first report of variation to cause varying degrees of plant damage within an aphid biotype virulent to a single host resistance gene. A single aphid clone may not accurately represent the true virulent nature of a biotype population in the field. C1 USDA, ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Shufran, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Crops Res Unit, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM kevin.shufran@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1685 EP 1691 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1685:VTCHIB]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700026 PM 17972649 ER PT J AU Franzen, LD Gutsche, AR Heng-Moss, TM Higley, LG Sarath, G Burd, JD AF Franzen, Lisa D. Gutsche, Andrea R. Heng-Moss, Tiffany M. Higley, Leon G. Sarath, Gautam Burd, John D. TI Physiological and biochemical responses of resistant and susceptible wheat to injury by Russian wheat aphid SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant-insect interaction; gas exchange; photosynthesis; host plant resistance ID YIELD RESPONSE; FEEDING DAMAGE; HOMOPTERA; CHLOROPHYLL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; CONDUCTANCE; CATEGORIES; PARAMETERS; INDUCTION AB We examined the physiological and biochemical responses of resistant ('Halt' and 'Prairie Red') and susceptible ('TAM 107') wheat, Triticum aestivum L., to injury by the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). Photosynthetic capacity was evaluated by measuring assimilation/internal CO2 (A/C-i) curves, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll, and nonstructural carbohydrate content. Total protein and peroxidase specific activity also were determined. No significant differences were detected in chlorophyll concentration between aphid-infested and control TAM 107 plants. The aphid-infested resistant cultivars had similar or significantly higher chlorophyll concentrations compared with their respective control plants. Measurements over time showed that infested Halt plants had delays in photosynthetic senescence, Prairie Red plants had photosynthetic rate changes that were similar to control plants, and TAM 107 plants displayed accelerated photosynthetic senescence patterns. The photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching coefficients were significantly higher in infested Halt plants compared with their respective control plants on day 3. Infested TAM 107 plants had significantly higher photochemical quenching compared with control plants at all times evaluated, and they had significantly higher nonphotochemical quenching on day 3. Throughout the experiment, infested Prairie Red plants exhibited photochemical and non photochemical quenching coefficient values that were not significantly different from control plants. Total protein content was not significantly different between aphid-infested and control plants for all cultivars. Differences between physiological responses of infested susceptible and resistant cultivars, particularly temporal changes in photosynthetic activity, imply that resistant Halt and Prairie Red wheat tolerate some impacts of aphid injury on photosynthetic integrity. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Heng-Moss, TM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM tiffany@unlserve.unl.edu RI Heng-Moss, Tiffany/F-8200-2013 NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1692 EP 1703 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1692:PABROR]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700027 PM 17972650 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Xu, WW Krakowsky, MD Buntin, GD Brown, SL Lee, RD Coy, AE AF Ni, Xinzhi Xu, Wenwei Krakowsky, Matthew D. Buntin, G. David Brown, Steve L. Lee, R. Dewey Coy, Anton E. TI Field screening of experimental corn hybrids and inbred lines for multiple ear-feeding insect resistance SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Sitophilus zeamais; stink bugs; husk extension; silk-feeding bioassay ID EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; FALL ARMYWORM; MAIZE SILKS; DEVELOPMENTAL PARAMETERS; LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; MAYSIN; GENOTYPES; INJURY; GERMPLASM AB Identifying and using native insect resistance genes is the core of integrated pest management. In this study, 10 experimental corn, Zea mays L., hybrids and 10 inbred lines were screened for resistance to major ear-feeding insects in the southeastern Coastal Plain region of the United States during 2004 and 2005. Ear-feeding insect damage was assessed at harvest by visual damage rating for the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and. by the percentage of kernels damaged by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, and stink bugs [combination of Euschistus servus (Say) and southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.)]. Among the eight inbred lines and two control populations examined, C3SIB73-5b was resistant to corn earworm, maize weevil, and stink bugs. In contrast, C3SIB734 was resistant to corn earworm and stink bugs, but not to maize weevil. In a similar manner, the corn hybrid SIW*CML343 was resistant to all three ear-feeding insects, whereas hybrid C3SIB73-3*Tx2O5 was resistant to corn earworm and maize weevil in both growing seasons, but susceptible to stink bugs in 2005. The silk-feeding bioassay showed that corn earworm developed better on corn silk than did fall armyworm. Among all phenotypic traits examined (i.e., corn ear size, husk extension, and husk tightness), only corn ear size was negatively correlated to corn earworm damage in the inbred lines examined, whereas only husk extension (i.e., coverage) was negatively correlated to both corn earworm and maize weevil damage on the experimental hybrids examined. Such information could be used to establish a baseline for developing agronomically elite corn germplasm that confers multiple ear-feeding insect resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Extens Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM xinzhi.ni@ars.usda.gov RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1704 EP 1713 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1704:FSOECH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700028 PM 17972651 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Perez-Mendoza, J Throne, JE Dowell, FE Maghirang, E Arthur, FH Campbell, JF AF Toews, Michael D. Perez-Mendoza, Joel Throne, James E. Dowell, Floyd E. Maghirang, Elizabeth Arthur, Frank H. Campbell, James F. TI Rapid assessment of insect fragments in flour milled from wheat infested with known densities of immature and adult Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rice weevil; stored products; near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); internal insect infestation; insect fragments ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY INSPECTION; AUTOMATED DETECTION; GRANARY WEEVIL; INFESTATION; GRAIN; KERNELS; CONTAMINATION; ELISA AB Milling wheat, Triticum aestivum L., infested with low densities of internal feeding insects can result in flour containing insect fragments. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces a standard or defect action level stating that a maximum of '75 insect fragments per 50 g of flour is allowed. However, the relationship between level of infestation and number of resulting fragments is not well documented, and a more rapid method for enumerating insect fragments is needed. We characterized the number of insect fragments produced from milling small lots of wheat spiked with known densities and life stages of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insect fragments were enumerated with near-infrared spectroscopy (NERS), a quick nondestructive procedure, and with the industry standard flotation method. Results showed that an individual small larva, large larva, pupa, or adult produced 0.4,0.7,1.5, and 27.0 fragments, respectively. NIRS-predicted counts of <= 51 (from small larvae), <= 53 (from large larvae), <= 43 (from pupae), or 0 (from adults) indicated that there were <75 actual fragments in that sample, because the upper bound of associated 95% inverse prediction confidence intervals was less than the standard; NIRS-predicted counts of >= 98, >= 117, >= 108, or >= 225 fragments (same life stages as above) signaled that these flour samples contained >75 actual fragments. These data suggest that NIRS could be adopted for rapid assessment of insect fragments resulting from relatively low levels of infestation with immature life states, but that it was not accurate enough for enumerating insect fragments, relevant to FDA standards, resulting from adults. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Product Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, 122 S Entomol Dr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM mtoews@uga.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1714 EP 1723 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1714:RAOIFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700029 PM 17972652 ER PT J AU Meyer, MJ Rhoads, RP Capuco, AV Connor, EE Hummel, A Boisclair, YR Van Amburgh, ME AF Meyer, M. J. Rhoads, R. P. Capuco, A. V. Connor, E. E. Hummel, A. Boisclair, Y. R. Van Amburgh, M. E. TI Ontogenic and nutritional regulation of steroid receptor and IGF-I transcript abundance in the prepubertal heifer mammary gland SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FAT PAD; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; HOLSTEIN HEIFERS; ESTROGEN; ALPHA; PROLIFERATION; MORPHOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; INITIATION AB In prepubertal cattle, mammary development is characterized by the growth of an epithelial-rich parenchyma (PAR) into the mammary fiat pad (MFP). This proliferation and accumulation of mammary epithelial cells require estrogen. Paradoxically, both epithelial cell proliferation and PAR accumulation rate decline with rising plasma estrogen as puberty approaches. The possibility that variation in abundance of estrogen receptors (ERs) in PAR or MFP accounts for a portion of these effects has not been examined in cattle. Additionally, we recently demonstrated that MFP is highly responsive to exogenous estrogen, suggesting that this tissue may play a role in coordinating estrogen's. effects oil PAR; however, the developing bovine MFP has yet to be studied in detail. To address these hypotheses, Holstein heifers were assigned to planes of nutrition supporting body growth rates of 950 (E) or 650 (R) g/day and harvested every 50 kg from 100 to 350 kg body weight (BW). Post-harvest, their mammary glands were dissected into PAR and MFP compartments. Transcript abundance of genes encoding members of the ER family (ER alpha, ER beta, and estrogen-related receptor alpha-1 (ERR alpha)) and estrogen-responsive genes (IGF-I and progesterone receptor (PR)) were measured in both mammary compartments by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Significant expression was detected for all genes in both compartments, with the exception of the ER beta gene. Transcript abundance of both ER alpha and IGF-I decreased linearly with increasing BW within both compartments. ERR alpha and PR expressions decreased with increasing BW in PAR but not in MFP. Nutrition stimulated ERa and ERR(x expression in the PAR but had no effect on IGF-I or PR in either PAR or MFP. Overall, ERa and IGF-I transcript abundance are consistent with the drop in mammary epithelial cell proliferation and PAR accretion observed over development, but do not support a negative effect of nutrition on PAR growth. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Amburgh, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 272 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM mev1@cornell.edu RI Rhoads, Robert/F-2861-2016 OI Rhoads, Robert/0000-0002-5205-5834 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 195 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1677/JOE-07-0225 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 224HX UT WOS:000250439200007 PM 17911397 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Wilson, JP Rajewski, JA Buntin, GD Dweikat, IM AF Ni, Xinzhi Wilson, Jeffrey P. Rajewski, John A. Buntin, G. David Dweikat, Ismail M. TI Field evaluation of pearl millet for chinch bug (Heteroptera : Blissidae) resistance SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insect numbers; stunting; necrosis; crop stand loss; chlorophyll content ID APHIDIDAE FEEDING DAMAGE; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; CHLOROPHYLL LOSS; BROILER DIETS; LYGAEIDAE; REGISTRATION; HEMIPTERA; SORGHUM; BUFFALOGRASS; GERMPLASM AB The chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say) (Heteroptera: Blissidae), is the most important insect pest of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) production in the southeastern and central United States. Chinch bug feeding causes stunting and leaf sheath necrosis of the young seedlings and loss of crop stand in severe infestations. Sixteen germplasm entries (including hybrids and inbreds) of pearl millet were screened for chinch bug resistance on 2 planting dates. 'Dove' proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was interplanted in 2-row strips among experimental plots to attract adult chinch bugs and establish initial chinch bug infestations. Use of a proso millet trap crop strip was effective in establishing chinch bug infestations for screening of pearl millet for chinch bug resistance in the field. Weekly samplings were begun when plants were at the 5-leaf stage. Significant differences in adult and nymph numbers, stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, crop stand loss, and chlorophyll content were recorded for the 16 pearl millet germplasm entries. Combining all injury evaluation parameters (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, and crop stand loss), we identified that 'TifGrain 102' had a moderate level of chinch bug resistances e data demonstrated that, millet would aeh resistance. Entries 637 (i.e., 59668A x NM-5B), 639 (59668M x 9Rm/ 4Rm), 648 (i.e., 02GH973 x Tift 454), and 653 (i.e., NM-5A1 x NM-7R1R5) were the most resistant; whereas, entries 640 (i.e., Tift 9913), 641 (i.e., Tift 454), and 644 (i.e., 02F 289-1) were the most susceptible to chinch bug feeding. The study showed he combination of nondestructive visual ratings (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, tiller loss, and stand loss) and chlorophyll content could be used for evaluating chinch bug resistance in pearl millet. C1 [Ni, Xinzhi; Wilson, Jeffrey P.; Rajewski, John A.; Buntin, G. David; Dweikat, Ismail M.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Xinzhi.Ni@ars.usda.gov RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 467 EP 480 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245ZL UT WOS:000251977200003 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr. TI Bioclimatic model of the spined soldier bug (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) using CLIMEX: Testing model predictions at two spatial scales SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CLIMEX; Podisus maculiventris; bioclimatic modeling; climate envelope; climate mapping ID POTENTIAL GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPECIES BORDERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-WEIGHTS; EGG LOADS; FIELD; RANGE AB A bioclimatic model of the polyphagous predator, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), was developed using CLIMEX software (Hearne Scientific Software, Melbourne, Australia). Calibration distribution was fitted using known distribution records for the United States and Canada, after which the model was used to generate a potential distribution map for the entire world. As expected, potential distribution maps agreed with known distribution records for North America. However, apparent mismatches were found for distributions in Europe, South America, midAfrica, and Southeast Asia. Using historical weather data, CLIMEX 11 growth indices" (measures of climate suitability for insect development) were compared against multiyear pheromone trap counts in the northern (Indiana) and southern (Florida) United States. Growth index curves did not appear to match pheromone trap data in either location when examined separately by year, location and insect sex. However, a weak relationship was found between trap counts and growth index when data were pooled across years, locations and sex. C1 [Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo; Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr.] Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM Jesusa.Legaspi@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 533 EP 547 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245ZL UT WOS:000251977200009 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Hogmire, HW AF Leskey, T. C. Hogmire, H. W. TI Response of the brown stink bug (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) to the aggregation pheromone, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stink bug; aggregation pheromone; monitoring; insect traps; apple; peach ID BORNE VIBRATIONAL SIGNALS; PLUM CURCULIO COLEOPTERA; BAITED TRAP TREES; PEACH ORCHARDS; HETEROPTERA; EUSCHISTUS; APPLE; ATTRACTION AB Field-based experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of the abundant brown stink bug, Euschistus seivus (Say), to commercially available pheromone lures containing methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate deployed in association with yellow pyramid traps. Euschistus servus aggregated over a zone of at least 3.14 m(2) based on significantly greater numbers located on mullein plants located 1 m from baited traps compared with plants at 5 and 10 m. At this distance, similar to 96% of all adults located on mullein plants were not subsequently captured by baited traps. However, the presence of mullein plants near baited traps did not significantly reduce baited trap captures. Even if mullein plants were not present, baited trap captures remained statistically identical. Based on all adults captured in baited traps and located on surrounding mullein plants, 50% of all individuals that entered plots were captured in traps. C1 [Leskey, T. C.; Hogmire, H. W.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 548 EP 557 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245ZL UT WOS:000251977200010 ER PT J AU Monte, E Al-Sady, B Leivar, P Quail, PH AF Monte, Elena Al-Sady, Bassem Leivar, Pablo Quail, Peter H. TI Out of the dark: how the PIFs are unmasking a dual temporal mechanism of phytochrome signalling SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; bHLH factors; phytochrome signalling; PIF3; protein degradation ID LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN; PLANT PHOTORECEPTORS PHYTOCHROME; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FAMILY; SEEDLING DE-ETIOLATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INTERACTING FACTOR-3; LIGHT SIGNALS; NUCLEAR ACCUMULATION; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; NEGATIVE REGULATOR AB Following light-induced nuclear translocation, the phytochromes induce changes in gene expression to regulate plant development. PIF3 and other PIFs (phytochrome-interacting factors), members of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) family of transcriptional regulators, interact specifically with the active Pfr conformer of the phytochrome molecule, suggesting that the PIFs are key components of phytochrome signal transduction. The mechanism by which the PIFs transduce phytochrome signals is not understood. After initial studies that suggested that PIF3 was a positive regulator of phytochrome signalling, mutant studies indicated that the PIFs primarily act as negative regulators in the pathway. Furthermore, in some cases they accumulate in the dark and are degraded upon illumination by the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system. At least for PIF3, the protein degradation depends on direct interaction with the phytochrome molecule and is preceded by protein phosphorylation. In this review, the current understanding of the role of the PIFs in phytochrome-mediated photomorphogenesis will be summarized, and recent findings suggesting an unanticipated dual mechanism of action of the PIFs will be discussed. C1 CSIC, IRTA, Dept Genet Mol Vegetal, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USDA, UCB, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, NY USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Monte, E (reprint author), CSIC, IRTA, Dept Genet Mol Vegetal, Barcelona, Spain. EM emcgme@cid.csic.es RI Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015; Leivar, Pablo/D-7808-2017 OI Leivar, Pablo/0000-0003-4878-3684 NR 73 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3125 EP 3133 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm186 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 227SE UT WOS:000250677300006 PM 17855731 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Watson, SB Nanayakkara, NPD AF Dayan, Franck E. Watson, Susan B. Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika TI Biosynthesis of lipid resorcinols and benzoquinones in isolated secretory plant root hairs SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE alkyl-resorcinols; allelopathy; essential oil; hydroxylase; O-methyltransferase; P450 mono-oxygenase; polyketide synthase; root hair isolation; sorgoleone ID NATURAL-PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; ARTEMISIA-ANNUA L; ALLELOCHEMICAL SORGOLEONE; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES; O-METHYLTRANSFERASES; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; ENZYMATIC FORMATION; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY AB The primary functions of root hairs are to increase the root surface area and to aid plants in water and nutrient uptake. However, some root hairs also have secretory functions and exude bioactive secondary metabolites. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) root hairs release a substantial amount of phenolic lipids including sorgoleone, a 3-pentadecatriene benzoquinone. The activity of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lipid resorcinols and benzoquinones was measured directly in isolated root hair preparations obtained from 6-d-old roots. The purified root hair preparation readily converted long-chain acyl-CoA starter units to their corresponding lipid resorcinols and decanoyl-CoA was the best substrate, yielding a 5-n-nonyl-resorcinol. The isolated root hair preparation also had high S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferase activity, which catalyses the methylation of several 5-n-alkyl-resorcinols. Optimum activity was with 5-n-pentyl-resorcinol. Isolated root hairs also exhibited hydroxylase activity (putatively a P450 mono-oxygenase) that reacted with the lipophilic 5-pentadecyl-resorcinol substrate. The in situ hydroxylase activity was low relative to the other enzymes studied, but was still detectable in isolated root hairs. Thus, sorghum root hairs possess the entire metabolic machinery necessary for the biosynthesis of lipid resorcinols and benzoquinones. This will have implications for the genetic engineering of bioactive lipid resorcinols and benzoquinones in sorghum and in other plant species. It also demonstrates that some root hairs can function as specialized cells for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3263 EP 3272 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm173 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 227SE UT WOS:000250677300017 PM 17928374 ER PT J AU Tucker, ML Burke, A Murphy, CA Thai, VK Ehrenfried, ML AF Tucker, Mark L. Burke, Aimee Murphy, Charles A. Thai, Vanessa K. Ehrenfried, Mindy L. TI Gene expression profiles for cell wall-modifying proteins associated with soybean cyst nematode infection, petiole abscission, root tips, flowers, apical buds, and leaves SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cell wall; cellulase; cyst nematode; expansin; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; pectate lyase; polygalacturonase; soybean; XET ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; ENDO-BETA-1,4-GLUCANASE; ENDO-1,4-BETA-GLUCANASE; CELLULASES; LIGAND; HOST AB Changes in transcript accumulation for cell wall-modifying proteins were examined in excised soybean root pieces colonized by soybean cyst nematodes (SCN), Heterodera glycines, using RT-PCR and soybean Affymetrix GeneChips. Sequence-specific PCR primer pairs were prepared from sequence data for core sequences in the GenBank soybean database and consensus sequences derived from the assembly of soybean ESTs. In addition, to identify previously uncharacterized soybean transcripts, degenerate primers were prepared for conserved motifs in cellulases (endo-1,4-beta-glucanases, EGases) and polygalacturonases (PGs) and these were used to amplify segments of transcripts that were then extended with 3' and 5' RACE. Several novel EGase and PG transcripts were identified. Gene expression patterns were determined by real-time RT-PCR for 11 EGases, three expansins (EXPs), 14 PGs, two pectate lyases (PLs), and two xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) in soybean roots inoculated with SCN, non-inoculated roots, serial dissections of root tips, leaf abscission zones, flowers, apical buds, and expanding leaves. A large number of genes associated with cell wall modifications are strongly up-regulated in root pieces colonized by SCN. However, in contrast to most of the transcripts for cell wall proteins, two XTH transcripts were specifically down-regulated in the colonized root pieces. Gene expression in serial dissections of root tips (0-2 mm, and 2-7 mm) and whole roots indicate that the SCN up-regulated genes are associated with a wide range of developmental processes in roots. Also of interest, many of the cDNAs examined were up-regulated in petiole abscission zones induced to abscise with ethylene. C1 ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tucker, ML (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Bldg 006,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.tucker@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3395 EP 3406 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm188 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 227SE UT WOS:000250677300028 PM 17916637 ER PT J AU Puthoff, DP Ehrenfried, ML Vinyard, BT Tucker, ML AF Puthoff, David P. Ehrenfried, Mindy L. Vinyard, Bryan T. Tucker, Mark L. TI GeneChip profiling of transcriptional responses to soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, colonization of soybean roots SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE affymetrix; cell wall; cyst nematode; false discovery rate; GeneChip; glycine max; heterodera glycines; histones; plant defence; soybean ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODE; INFECTED TOMATO ROOTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FEEDING CELLS; ETHYLENE; EXPRESSION; HOST; PATHOGEN; AUXIN; INITIATION AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is currently the most devastating pathogen of soybean. SCN penetrates the root and migrates toward the central vascular bundle where it establishes a complex multinucleated feeding structure that provides plant-derived nutrients to support the development and growth of the nematode. To identify host genes that play significant roles in SCN development in susceptible roots, RNA from SCN-inoculated and non-inoculated root pieces were hybridized to the Affymetrix soybean genome GeneChips. RNA was collected at 8, 12, and 16 d post-inoculation from root pieces that displayed multiple swollen female SCN and similar root pieces from non-inoculated roots. Branch roots and root tips were trimmed from the root pieces to minimize the amount of RNA contributed by these organs. Of the 35 593 transcripts represented on the GeneChip, approximately 26 500 were expressed in the SCN-colonized root pieces. ANOVA followed by False Discovery Rate analysis indicated that the expression levels of 4616 transcripts changed significantly (Q-value <= 0.05) in response to SCN. In this set of 4616 transcripts, 1404 transcripts increased > 2-fold and 739 decreased > 2-fold. Of the transcripts to which a function could be assigned, a large proportion was associated with cell wall structure. Other functional categories that included a large number of up-regulated transcripts were defence, metabolism, and histones, and a smaller group of transcripts associated with signal transduction and transcription. C1 ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tucker, ML (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.tucker@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3407 EP 3418 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm211 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 227SE UT WOS:000250677300029 PM 17977850 ER PT J AU Mei, H Zhao, J Pittman, JK Lachmansingh, J Park, S Hirschi, KD AF Mei, Hui Zhao, Jian Pittman, Jon K. Lachmansingh, Jinesh Park, Sunghun Hirschi, Kendal D. TI In planta regulation of the Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ antiporter CAX1 SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE arabidopsis; autoinhibition; calcium; ionome; tobacco; transport ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE CA2+-ATPASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; INCREASED CALCIUM; PROTEIN-KINASE; SALT TOLERANCE; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; THALIANA; YEAST AB Vacuolar localized Ca2+/H+ exchangers such as Arabidopsis thaliana cation exchanger 1 (CAX1) play important roles in Ca2+ homeostasis. When expressed in yeast, CAX1 is regulated via an N-terminal autoinhibitory domain. In yeast expression assays, a 36 amino acid N-terminal truncation of CAX1, termed sCAX1, and variants with specific mutations in this N-terminus, show CAX1-mediated Ca2+/H+ antiport activity. Furthermore, transgenic plants expressing sCAX1 display increased Ca2+ accumulation and heightened activity of vacuolar Ca2+/H+ antiport. Here the properties of N-terminal CAX1 variants in plants and yeast expression systems are compared and contrasted to determine if autoinhibition of CAX1 is occurring in planta. Initially, using ionome analysis, it has been demonstrated that only yeast cells expressing activated CAX1 transporters have altered total calcium content and fluctuations in zinc and nickel. Tobacco plants expressing activated CAX1 variants displayed hypersensitivity to ion imbalances, increased calcium accumulation, heightened concentrations of other mineral nutrients such as potassium, magnesium and manganese, and increased activity of tonoplastenriched Ca2+/H+ transport. Despite high in planta gene expression, CAX1 and N-terminal variants of CAX1 which were not active in yeast, displayed none of the aforementioned phenotypes. Although several plant transporters appear to contain N-terminal autoinhibitory domains, this work is the first to document clearly N-terminal-dependent regulation of a Ca2+ transporter in transgenic plants. Engineering the autoinhibitory domain thus provides a strategy to enhance transport function to affect agronomic traits. C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu RI Zhao, Jian/A-2336-2008; OI Zhao, Jian/0000-0002-4416-7334; Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3419 EP 3427 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm190 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 227SE UT WOS:000250677300030 PM 17898422 ER PT J AU Xu, XJ Jiang, CZ Donnelly, L Reid, MS AF Xu, Xinjia Jiang, Cai-Zhong Donnelly, Linda Reid, Michael S. TI Functional analysis of a RING domain ankyrin repeat protein that is highly expressed during flower senescence SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE floral senescence; Mirabilis jalapa; senescence-associated genes; transcription factor; ubiquitin ligase ID UBIQUITIN LIGASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PERIANTH SENESCENCE; LEAF SENESCENCE; UP-REGULATION; CELL-DEATH; IDENTIFICATION AB A gene encoding a RING zinc finger ankyrin repeat protein (MjXB3), a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase, is highly expressed in petals of senescing four o'clock (Mirabilis jalapa) flowers, increasing > 40 000-fold during the onset of visible senescence. The gene has homologues in many other species, and the Petunia homologue is strongly up-regulated in senescing Petunia corollas. Silencing the expression of this gene in Petunia, using virus-induced gene silencing, resulted in a 2 d extension in flower life. In Mirabilis, a 2 kb promoter region, 5' upstream of the MjXB3 gene, was isolated. The promoter sequence included putative binding sites for many DNA-binding proteins, including the bZIP, Myb, homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip), MADS-box, and WRKY transcription factors. The construct containing a 1 kb promoter region immediately upstream of the MjXB3 gene drove the strongest expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in a transient expression assay. In Petunia, GUS expression under the control of this heterologous promoter fragment was specific to senescing flowers. The Mirabilis promoter GUS construct was tested in other flower species; while GUS activity in carnation petals was high during senescence, no expression was detected in three monocotyledonous flowers-daylily (Hemerocallis 'Stella d'Oro'), daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus 'King Alfred'), and orchid (Dendrobium 'Emma White'). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Reid, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM msreid@ucdavis.edu OI Jiang, Cai-Zhong/0000-0002-5972-7963 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 58 IS 13 BP 3623 EP 3630 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm212 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 239GH UT WOS:000251506300011 PM 18057040 ER PT J AU Griffin, BR Mitchell, AJ AF Griffin, B. R. Mitchell, A. J. TI Susceptibility of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge following copper sulphate exposure SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE copper; copper sulphate; Edwardsiella ictaluri; enteric septicaemia of catfish; fish disease; Ictalurus puntatus ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATERBORNE COPPER; STRESS; ICHTHYOPHTHIRIASIS; SAPROLEGNIOSIS AB Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), with or without a preliminary 24 h exposure to 2 mg copper sulphate L-1, were challenged with 7.5 x 10(6) colony forming units L-1 of Edwardsiella ictaluri to determine the effect of copper sulphate on disease resistance. Catfish previously exposed to copper sulphate were significantly more resistant to the bacterial challenge than those not exposed. Catfish not exposed to copper sulphate suffered 35.5% mortality while catfish exposed to copper sulphate experienced 14.1% mortality. Copper concentrations were the same in tank waters of both exposed and control fish at the time of challenge, eliminating the possibility that copper in the water may have been toxic to bacteria. Copper concentrations in freeze dried and ground tissues of unexposed, exposed, and purged channel catfish were highest in fish before copper sulphate exposures suggesting that elevated tissue levels of copper were not responsible for the increased resistance to bacterial challenge. Competition for sites of bacterial attachment to gill or epithelial cells may account for the reduction in mortality; although this is not supported by the low copper content of fish tissue after copper exposure. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 10 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00838.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 210IT UT WOS:000249450600002 PM 17850574 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Pan, ZL McHugh, TH AF Zhu, Yi Pan, Zhongli McHugh, Tara H. TI Effect of dipping treatments on color stabilization and texture of apple cubes for infrared dry-blanching process SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC-ACID; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; CITRIC-ACID; SLICES; INHIBITION; PARAMETERS; SULFITES; CALCIUM; AGENTS AB This research investigated the effectiveness of dipping treatments on reducing enzymatic browning of apple cubes for infrared dry-blanching (IDB) process. Apple cubes were dipped in solutions with various combinations of ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA) and calcium chloride (CC) at different concentrations (0.1-1.5%) for up to 10 min. Some dipped samples were further blanched with the IDB method. Color and texture of the dipped samples with and without blanching were determined after the samples were exposed in ambient air for up to 100 min. Results showed that the combination of any two chemicals among the three chemicals tested could effectively reduce browning rate. Dipping treatments of CC or CC + AA resulted in firmer samples after IDB than the controls and those treated with AA + CA. Dipping in 0.5% AA + 0.5% CC for 5 min is recommended as pretreatment of apple cubes for IDB. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 632 EP 648 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2007.00154.x PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 210IV UT WOS:000249450800010 ER PT J AU Hwang, CA AF Hwang, Cheng-An TI Effect of salt, smoke compound, and storage temperature on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in simulated smoked salmon SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FACTORIAL DESIGN; LIQUID SMOKE; SURVIVAL; PRODUCTS; MICROORGANISMS; REFRIGERATION; 5-DEGREES-C; SPOILAGE; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY AB Smoked salmon can be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. It is important to identify the factors that are capable of controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes in smoked salmon so that control measures can be developed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of salt, a smoke compound, storage temperature, and their interactions on L monocytogenes in simulated smoked salmon. A six-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes (10(2) to 10(3) CFU/g) was inoculated into minced, cooked salmon containing 0 to 10% NaCl and 0 to 0.4% liquid smoke (0 to 34 ppm of phenol), and the samples were stored at temperatures from 0 to 25 degrees C. Lag-phase duration (LPD; hour), growth rate (GR; log CFU per hour), and maximum population density (MPD; log CFU per gram) of L. monocytogenes in salmon, as affected by the concentrations of salt and phenol, storage temperature, and their interactions, were analyzed. Results showed that L. monocytogenes was able to grow in salmon containing the concentrations of salt and phenol commonly found in smoked salmon at the prevailing storage temperatures. The growth of L. monocytogenes was affected significantly (P < 0.05) by salt, phenol, storage temperature, and their interactions. As expected, higher concentrations of salt or lower storage temperatures extended the LPD and reduced the GR. Higher concentrations of phenol extended the LPD of L monocytogenes, particularly at lower storage temperatures. However, its effect on reducing the GR of L. monocytogenes was observed only at higher salt concentrations (>6%) at refrigerated and mild abuse temperatures (<10 degrees C). The MPD, which generally reached 7 to 8 log CFU/g in salmon that supported L. monocytogenes growth, was not affected by the salt, phenol, and storage temperature. Two models were developed to describe the LPD and GR of L. monocytogenes in salmon containing 0 to 8% salt, 0 to 34 ppm of phenol, and storage temperatures of 4 to 25 degrees C. The data and models obtained from this study would be useful for estimating the behavior of L. monocytogenes in smoked salmon. C1 Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hwang, CA (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM andy.hwang@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 70 IS 10 BP 2321 EP 2328 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 219WN UT WOS:000250119000014 PM 17969614 ER PT J AU Kou, L Luo, Y Wu, D Lu, X AF Kou, L. Luo, Y. Wu, D. Lu, X. TI Effects of mild heat treatment on microbial growth and product quality of packaged fresh-cut table grapes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hot water treatment; microbial growth; packaging; quality; table grapes ID ATMOSPHERE; TOMATOES AB The changes in packaged fresh-cut grape quality and microbial growth as affected by Mid heat treatments and the retention of grape cap stems during 5 degrees C storage were evaluated. Each Individual grape was either manually pulled off (stemless) from the steins, or cut (cut stem) to allow for a 1- to 2-mm cap stem remaining on the berry. The samples were sanitized in 100 mg/L chlorine solution for 1 min, followed by a mild heat treatment in a water bath (45 degrees C, 8 min) or an oven (55 degrees C, 5 MA). After cooling, the berries were packaged In rigid trays sealed with a gas permeable film and stored at VC. Product quality and decay rate were evaluated periodically during storage. The results indicate that in the package headspace for hot water treatment of stemless grapes, partial pressures of 02 declined significantly (P < 0.05) less and C2R4 increased significantly (P < 0.001) less than for the control and hot air treatment. Stein removal and heat treatment had significant (P < 0.05) effects on the decay rate of grapes during storage. Hot water treatment maintained a significantly lower decay rate than the control and hot air treatment throughout the entire storage. Color and texture were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by either heat treatment or stem removal. Grapes that retained the cap stems and received hot water treatment had the lowest decay rate and lowest microbial growth with the absence of any negative Impact on grape color, texture, and flavor. C1 NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. EM Yaguang.Luo@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 72 IS 8 BP S567 EP S573 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00503.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 223XJ UT WOS:000250408900028 PM 17995622 ER PT J AU Kamata, N Gottschalk, KW AF Kamata, Naoto Gottschalk, Kurt W. TI Special feature: alien pests threatening biodiversity of forest ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Tokyo, Univ Forest, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kamata, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Univ Forest, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM kamatan@uf.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp OI Kamata, Naoto/0000-0002-8818-6991 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1341-6979 J9 J FOREST RES-JPN JI J. For. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP 325 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s10310-007-0036-6 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 212VS UT WOS:000249625500001 ER PT J AU Schoettle, AW Sniezko, RA AF Schoettle, Anna W. Sniezko, Richard A. TI Proactive intervention to sustain high-elevation pine ecosystems threatened by white pine blister rust SO JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Congress of the International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE evolution of resistance; exotic pathogen; Pinus aristata; Pinus albicaulis; Pinus flexilis ID BRISTLECONE-PINE; NORTH-AMERICA; CRONARTIUM-RIBICOLA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LIMBER PINE; SUGAR PINE; GYPSY-MOTH; 1ST REPORT; RESISTANCE; MECHANISMS AB Only recently have efforts begun to address how management might prepare currently healthy forests to affect the outcome of invasion by established non-native pests. Cronartium ribicola, the fungus that causes the disease white pine blister rust (WPBR), is among the introductions into North America where containment and eradication have failed; the disease continues to spread. Ecosystem function is impaired by high rust-caused mortality in mature five-needle white pine forests. This paper evaluates five proactive management options to mitigate the development of impacts caused by white pine blister rust in threatened remote high-elevation five-needle pine ecosystems of western North America. They are: reducing pest populations; managing forest composition; improving host vigor; introducing resistant stock with artificial regeneration; and diversifying age class structure to affect the natural selection process for resistance. Proactive intervention to manage and facilitate evolutionary change in the host species may sustain host populations and ecosystem function during pathogen naturalization. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resources Ctr, USDA, Cottage Grove, OR USA. RP Schoettle, AW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM aschoettle@fs.fed.us NR 74 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-6979 J9 J FOREST RES-JPN JI J. For. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s10310-007-0024-x PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 212VS UT WOS:000249625500002 ER PT J AU Butler, BJ Tyrrell, M Feinberg, G VanManen, S Wiseman, L Wallinger, S AF Butler, Brett J. Tyrrell, Mary Feinberg, Geoff VanManen, Scott Wiseman, Larry Wallinger, Scott TI Understanding and reaching family forest owners: Lessons from social marketing research SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nonindustrial private forest owners; National Woodland Owner Survey; outreach; forest policy; United States ID PRIVATE; OBJECTIVES; EDUCATION AB Social marketing - the use of commercial marketing techniques to effect positive social change-is a promising means by which to develop more effective and efficient outreach, policies, and services for family forest owners. A hierarchical, multivariate analysis based on landowners' attitudes reveals four groups of owners to whom programs can be tailored: woodland retreat, working the land, supplemental income, and ready to sell. A prime prospect analysis segmenting landowners according to their level of engagement and interest in land management can be used to improve the efficiency of program implementation. Landowners showing low levels of engagement but high levels of interest are of special interest because they are likely to be receptive to a social marketing message and therefore should he a priority target for any such efforts. Using the demographic profile of the average family forest owner, newspapers and television were identified as important means for mass communication. C1 [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, Family Forest Res Ctr, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Tyrrell, Mary] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Global Inst Sustainable Forestry, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Feinberg, Geoff] GfK Custom Res, Roper Publ Affairs & Media, New York, NY 10011 USA. [VanManen, Scott] Yankelovich Inc, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Wiseman, Larry] AFF, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Butler, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Family Forest Res Ctr, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bbutler0l@fs.fed.us; mary.tyrrell@yale.edu; Geoff.Feinberg@gfk.com; SVanManen@yankelovich.com; lwiseman@forestfoundation.org; rswalli@bellsouth.net NR 21 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 105 IS 7 BP 348 EP 357 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 240AY UT WOS:000251560600005 ER PT J AU Collins, S Brown, H AF Collins, Sally Brown, Hutch TI The growing challenge of managing outdoor recreation SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Letter C1 [Collins, Sally; Brown, Hutch] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Collins, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 105 IS 7 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 240AY UT WOS:000251560600008 ER PT J AU Wallis, CM Stone, AL Sherman, DJ Damsteegt, VD Gildow, FE Schneider, WL AF Wallis, Christopher M. Stone, Andrew L. Sherman, Diana J. Damsteegt, Vernon D. Gildow, Fred E. Schneider, William L. TI Adaptation of plum pox virus to a herbaceous host (Pisum sativum) following serial passages SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; PROTEIN; TRANSMISSION; REPLICATION; REGION; APHIDS; RNA AB Plum pox virus (PPV) populations from peaches are able to adapt consistently to herbaceous hosts, characterized by a reduction in time to symptom development, increases in inoculation efficiency and increased titres. PPV adaptation was studied by using pea (Pisum sativum) as an alternative host. Two isolates of PPV from peaches were inoculated and passaged in peas ten times using either aphid or mechanical inoculation, generating four independent passage lines. Mechanical-transmission efficiency from peach to pea improved from 3 % at passage 1 to 100 % by serial passage 4 on peas. Inoculation using aphid vectors required six to ten serial passages in pea to reach a peak of 50-60 % transmission efficiency. Sequence analyses of all four PPV population lines inoculated sequentially to pea identified a specific mutation occurring consistently in the NIb gene when compared with the same PPV isolates passaged in parallel in peach. The mutation allowed PPV to replicate up to 20 times faster in the new host. Pea-adapted strains of PPV at every passage were also tested for their ability to infect the original host, peach. Regardless of the number of previous passages, all pea-adapted PPV strains consistently infected peach at low levels using aphid inoculation. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schneider, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM William.Schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 88 BP 2839 EP 2845 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82814-0 PN 10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 220LA UT WOS:000250157000027 PM 17872538 ER PT J AU Slate, LO Shields, FD Schwartz, JS Carpenter, DD Freeman, GE AF Slate, Louise O. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Schwartz, John S. Carpenter, Donald D. Freeman, Gary E. TI Engineering design standards and liability for stream channel restoration SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RIVER RESTORATION; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGES; CALIFORNIA; PROJECTS C1 HW Lochner Inc, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Lawrence Technol Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Southfield, MI 48075 USA. River Res & Design Inc, Gilbert, AZ 85296 USA. RP Slate, LO (reprint author), 421 Fayetteville St,Suite 400, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. EM lslate@stewart-eng.com; dshields@ars.usda.gov; jschwart@utk.edu; carpenter@ltu.edu; freeman@r2d-eng.com NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 10 BP 1099 EP 1102 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:10(1099) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 212VA UT WOS:000249623700001 ER PT J AU Sharif, HO Crow, W Miller, NL Wood, EF AF Sharif, Hatim O. Crow, W. Miller, N. L. Wood, E. F. TI Multidecadal high-resolution hydrologic modeling of the Arkansas-Red River basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES PILPS; DISTRIBUTED PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTORS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERE TRANSFER SCHEME; ENERGY-BALANCE PROCESSES; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; RESPONSE RELATIONS; WATER AB Land surface heterogeneity and its effects on surface processes have been a concern to hydrologists and climate scientists for the past several decades. The contrast between the fine spatial scales at which heterogeneity is significant (1 km and finer) and the coarser scales at which most climate simulations with land surface models are generated (hundreds of kilometers) remains a challenge, especially when incorporating land surface and subsurface lateral fluxes of mass. In this study, long- term observational land surface forcings and derived solar radiation were used to force high- resolution land surface model simulations over the Arkansas-Red River basin in the Southern Great Plains region of the United States. The most unique aspect of these simulations is the fine space (1 km(2)) and time (hourly) resolutions within the model relative to the total simulation period (51 yr) and domain size (575 000 km(2)). Runoff simulations were validated at the subbasin scale (600-10 000 km(2)) and were found to be in good agreement with observed discharge from several unregulated subbasins within the system. A hydroclimatological approach was used to assess simulated annual evapotranspiration for all subbasins. Simulated evapotranspiration values at the subbasin scale agree well with predictions from a simple one-parameter empirical model developed in this study according to Budyko's concept of "geographical zonality." The empirical model was further extended to predict runoff and evapotranspiration sensitivity to precipitation variability, and good agreement with computed statistics was also found. Both the empirical model and simulation results demonstrate that precipitation variability was amplified in the simulated runoff. The finescale at which the study is performed allows analysis of various aspects of the hydrologic cycle in the system including general trends in precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration, their spatial distribution, and the relationship between precipitation anomalies and runoff and soil water storage anomalies at the subbasin scale. C1 Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sharif, HO (reprint author), Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM hatim.sharif@utsa.edu RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010; Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010 NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1127 DI 10.1175/JHM622.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229HG UT WOS:000250793300010 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE AF Grissell, E. E. TI Torymidae (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea) associated with bees (Apoidea), with a list of chalcidoid bee parasitoids SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; MONODONTOMERUS-OBSOLETUS; PTEROMALUS-VENUSTUS; ALMOND; LEUCOSPIDAE; POLLINATOR; FABRICIUS; BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY AB Thirty-one species of Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are associated with bees. In this review each is keyed and discussed, and geographic ranges and hosts are given. Most species are illustrated. Torymids represent about one-fourth of the 135 species of Chalcidoidea associated with bees. Two summary lists are presented for all chalcidoids, including Torymidae, and the 216 bee species with which they are associated. One is arranged as a bee/parasitoid list and the other as a parasitoid/bee list. C1 USDA, PSI, Agr Res Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), USDA, PSI, Agr Res Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 234 EP 265 PG 32 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 217RB UT WOS:000249963900002 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Ren, ZH Pae, MY Guo, WM Cui, XL Merrill, AH Meydani, SN AF Wu, Dayong Ren, Zhihong Pae, Munkyong Guo, Weimin Cui, Xuelin Merrill, Alfred H. Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Aging up-regulates expression of inflammatory mediators in mouse adipose tissue SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TNF-ALPHA; IN-VIVO AB Obesity is a leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aging is associated with an increase in T2D incidence, which is not totally explained by the much lower prevalence of obesity in the elderly. Low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) contributes to insulin resistance and T2D. Thus, we determined whether inflammatory responses are up-regulated with age in AT. The results. showed that visceral AT from old C57BL mice had significantly higher mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and COX-2 and lower expression of anti-inflammatory PPAR-gamma than those of young mice. We further showed that adipocytes (AD) and not stromal vascular cells including macrophages (M phi) were the cells responsible for this higher inflammatory state of the aged AT, suggesting that the age-associated increase in AT inflammation is distinguished from that seen in obesity, in which M phi are the main contributors. However, peritoneal M phi of either age (young or old) produced more TNF-a and IL-6 after incubation in old AD-conditioned medium compared with young AD-conditioned medium. This suggests that in addition to producing more inflammatory cytokines, AD from old mice induce a higher inflammatory response in other cells. Sphingolipid ceramide was higher in old compared with young AD. Reducing ceramide levels or inhibiting NF-kappa B activation decreased cytokine production, whereas the addition of ceramide increased cytokine production in young AD to a level comparable to that seen in old AD, suggesting that ceramide-induced activation of NF-kappa B plays a key role in AT inflammation. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. China Ctr Dis Control, Natl Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009; Pae, Munkyong/B-4831-2012; Pae, Munkyong /I-6931-2015 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154; FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG009140-10A1]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561-12, P30 DK040561] NR 86 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 179 IS 7 BP 4829 EP 4839 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 214QB UT WOS:000249752100061 PM 17878382 ER PT J AU Pelizza, SA Lastra, CCL Becnel, JJ Bisaro, V Garci, JJ AF Pelizza, S. A. Lopez Lastra, C. C. Becnel, J. J. Bisaro, V. Garcia, J. J. TI Effects of temperature, pH and salinity on the infection of Leptolegnia chapmanii Seymour (Peronosporomycetes) in mosquito larvae SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptolegnia chapmanii; Aedes aegypti; Culex pipiens; temperature; pH; salinity ID AQUATIC FUNGUS-LEPTOLEGNIA; LAGENIDIUM-GIGANTEUM; HOST-RANGE; PATHOGEN; SAPROLEGNIALES; TOLERANCE; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB The effects of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentrations on the infectivity of zoospores of Leptolegnia chapmanii (Argentine isolate) were determined for Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens under laboratory conditions. Zoospores of L. chapmanii were infectious at temperatures between 10 and 35 degrees C but not at 5 or 40 degrees C. At the permissive temperatures, mortality rates in young instars were much higher than in older instars and larvae of Ae. aegypti were more susceptible to L. chapmanii than larvae of Cx. pipiens. At 25 degrees C, Ae. aegypti larvae challenged with L. chapmanii zoospores resulted in 100% infection at pH levels ranging from 4 to 10. Larvae of Cx. pipiens exposed to similar pH and zoospore concentrations resulted in increasing mortality rates from 62% to 99% at pH 4 to 7, respectively, and then decreased to 71% at pH 10. Aedes aegypti larvae exposed to L. chapmanii zoospores in NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 7 parts per thousand (ppt) at 25 degrees C resulted in 100% mortality while mortality rates for Cx. pipiens decreases from 96% in distilled water to 31.5% in water with 6 ppt NaCl. Control Cx. pipiens larvae died when exposed at a NaCl concentration of 7 ppt. Vegetative growth of L. chapmanii was negatively affected by NaCl concentrations. These results have demonstrated that the Argentinean isolate of L. chapmanii tolerated a wide range of temperatures, pH, and salinity, suggesting that it has the potential to adapt to a wide variety of mosquito habitats. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ La Plata, CONICET, CEPAVE, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Agron, Catedra Estadist, RA-2000 Rosario, Argentina. RP Garci, JJ (reprint author), Natl Univ La Plata, CONICET, CEPAVE, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, 1 584, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM juan@cepave.edu.ar NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.04.005 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 215IH UT WOS:000249801400006 PM 17521667 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, Y Valles, SM AF Hashimoto, Yoshifumi Valles, Steven M. TI Solenopsis invicta virus-1 tissue tropism and intra-colony infection rate in the red imported fire ant: A quantitative PCR-based study SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta virus 1; tropism; quantitative real-time PCR ID APIS-MELLIFERA L.; DEFORMED WING VIRUS; PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; ACUTE BEE PARALYSIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; MITE VARROA-JACOBSONI; REAL-TIME PCR; HONEY-BEE; SEQUENCE; LARVAE AB Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to measure the Solenopsis invicta virus I (SINV-1) load in tissues, individuals, and among colonies of the red imported fire ant, S. invicta Buren. Among tissues examined from SINV-1-infected adults and larvae, the alimentary canal (specifically the midgut) consistently had the highest number of SINV-1 genome copies (91.1 and 99.9%, respectively). Negative staining of a supernatant of the gut homogenate demonstrated the presence of spherical virus particles with a diameter of 30-35 nm, consistent with SINV- 1. The number of SINV- 1 genome copies in infected larvae and workers from the same queenright colonies were similar to each other. In other words, the infection rate was consistent among both developmental stages. No significant differences were observed in SINV-1 genome copy number among infected colonies sampled during the winter and summer. Although the SINV-1 infection rate of summer-collected mounds was previously shown to be six-times higher than winter-collected mounds, the intra-colony infection rate appears to be unaffected by season. Perhaps less inter-mound interaction during the winter months among S. invicta restricts spread of the virus. A positive correlation between intra-colony infection rate and mean SINV-1 genome copy number per ant was also observed. Based on these results, it is likely that SINV- 1 replicates in gut epithelia of S. invicta and virus is shed into the gut lumen where it may be transmitted to nestmates by trophallaxis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM steven.valles@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 IS 2 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.04.006 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 215IH UT WOS:000249801400010 PM 17544438 ER PT J AU Ugine, TA Wraight, SP Sanderson, JP AF Ugine, Todd A. Wraight, Stephen P. Sanderson, John P. TI A tritrophic effect of host plant on susceptibility of western flower thrips to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE western flower thrips; Frankliniella occidentalis; Beauveria bassiana; tritrophic interactions; host plant effects; dose acquisition ID PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS DEUTEROMYCOTINA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; GERMINATION; CONIDIA; GROWTH; LARVAE; PATHOGENICITY; BLASTOSPORES; TEMPERATURE AB Adult female western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) were exposed 12-24 h to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and impatiens (Impatiens wallerana) leaf disks treated with Beauveria bassiana conidia and then transferred to clean bean or impatiens at various times posttreatment. Significantly greater levels of fungal infection were observed when thrips were treated on bean versus impatiens, but exposure to impatiens following treatment had no effect on fungal infection (percent mortality). This result, combined with observations of no inhibition of germination of conidia exposed to intact or macerated impatiens foliage, indicated that the negative effect of the impatiens host plant was not due to plant chemical compounds (antibiosis). Further observations revealed that insects acquired (picked-up) 75% more conidia from treated bean disks than from treated impatiens disks. This difference in dose acquisition was determined to account for the observed difference in percent mortality (15%) following treatment on the two host plants. Median lethal doses (LD50) Of B. bassiana were not significantly different on the two host plants, but median lethal concentrations were nearly 7-fold greater on impatiens. This difference was explained by disproportionate rates of conidial acquisition at measured rates of conidial deposition (an inverse relationship was observed between application rate expressed as conidia/mm(2) and the number of conidia acquired). The mechanism underlying the differential rates of conidial acquisition from bean versus impatiens was not determined. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ugine, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tau@cornell.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 IS 2 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.05.004 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 215IH UT WOS:000249801400011 PM 17572438 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP DiMaio, GL Cooke, PH AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. DiMaio, Gary L. Cooke, Peter H. TI Viscoelasticity studies for a fibrous collagen material: chrome-free leather SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLUTARALDEHYDE-TANNED LEATHER; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Chrome-free leather such as glutaraldehyde-tanned leather behaves very differently from chrome-tanned leather. Information regarding its viscoelasticity has not been previously reported. Hysteresis and stress relaxation are two essential properties associated with viscoelasticity. We have designed a cyclic tensile test to measure these properties to gain insight into the structural difference between chrome-free and chrome-tanned leather. Observations revealed that chrome-free leather tanned with glutaraldehyde has a higher hysteresis than chrome-tanned leather. Stress relaxation experiments, on the other hand showed chrome-free leather has very similar relaxation curves as chrome-tanned leather. Both leathers demonstrate a rapid decrease in stress for the first few seconds followed by a much slower decay thereafter. The chrome-free leather, however, has a greater initial stress than chrome-tanned leather, indicating a higher stiffness than chrome-tanned leather. Moreover, observations showed the viscoelasticity of leather was affected significantly by its fatliquor content. A decrease of loading energy in a cyclic stress-strain experiment resulted from higher fatliquor content in leather. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 20 BP 8509 EP 8516 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-1744-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 200LI UT WOS:000248764500019 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Vivanco, JM AF Manter, Daniel K. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI Use of the ITS primers, ITS1F and ITS4, to characterize fungal abundance and diversity in mixed-template samples by qPCR and length heterogeneity analysis SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE molecular ecology; fungi; diversity; soil; DNA ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; REAL-TIME PCR; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; COPY NUMBER; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; T-RFLP; ENHANCED SPECIFICITY; GENOME SIZE AB Molecular-based approaches to assess microbial biomass and diversity from soil and other ecosystems are rapidly becoming the standard methodology for analysis. While these techniques are advantageous, because they do not rely on the need to culture organisms, each technique may have its own biases and/or limitations when used to assess fungal diversity from mixed-template samples. In this study, we analyzed PCR specificity and efficiency of the ITS primers (ITS1F and ITS4) in a series of single- and mixed-template samples using a combined quantitative PCR-length heterogeneity analysis (LH-qPCR) approach. As expected, these primers successfully amplified all higher fungal species tested (10 ascomycetes, 6 basidiomycetes, and 4 zygomycetes) and no members of the oomycetes. Based on our results, and a search of the GenBank database, amplicons of the ITS IF and ITS4 primer set exhibit considerable variability (420 to 825 bp), but due to similarities in amplicon sizes of some fungal species, actual species diversity in environmental samples may be underestimated approximately two-fold. The addition of an initial PCR step allowed for the accurate quantitation of total fungal DNA in mixed-template samples over five orders of magnitude (10(-1) to 10(3) pg mu l(-1)). PCR biases between individuals in mixed-templates rendered it impossible to determine the absolute quantity of any individual within a population from its individual peak height. However, relative changes in individuals within a mixed-template sample could be determined due to a constant proportionality between peak heights and starting template concentration. Variability associated with the individual steps of the LH-qPCR analysis was also determined from environmental samples. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.06.016 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 224DL UT WOS:000250426100002 PM 17683818 ER PT J AU Akamatsu, HO Grunwald, NJ Chilvers, MI Porter, LD Peever, TL AF Akamatsu, Hajime O. Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Chilvers, Martin I. Porter, Lyndon D. Peever, Tobin L. TI Development of codominant simple sequence repeat, single nucleotide polymorphism and sequence characterized amplified region markers for the pea root rot pathogen, Aphanomyces euteiches SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Aphanomyces euteiches; oomycete; Pisum sativum L.; sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR); simple sequence repeat (SSR); single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) AB Three kinds of genetic markers including simple sequence repeats (SSRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) were developed from Aphanomyces euteiches. Of 69 loci tested, seven SSR, two SNP and two SCAR markers were codominantly polymorphic. These codominant markers and dominant markers described herein will facilitate population genetic and evolutionary studies of this important plant pathogen. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Educ Ctr, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Peever, TL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tpeever@wsu.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Chilvers, Martin/A-3548-2010; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Chilvers, Martin/0000-0001-8832-1666; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.08.001 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 224DL UT WOS:000250426100014 PM 17884212 ER PT J AU Lacava, PT Li, W Araujo, WL Azevedo, JL Hartung, JS AF Lacava, Paulo Teixeira Li, Wenbin Araujo, Welington Luiz Azevedo, Joao Lucio Hartung, John Stephen TI The endophyte Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens reduces symptoms caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Catharanthus roseus SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioassay; Citrus sinensis; citrus variegated chlorosis; biocontrol ID CITRUS-VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; PLANT-GROWTH; METHYLOBACTERIUM-MESOPHILICUM; BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AXENIC CULTURE; STRAIN; PSEUDOMONAS; RESISTANCE AB Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is a disease of the sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.)], which is caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp: pauca, a phytopathogenic bacterium that has been shown to infect all sweet orange cultivars. Sweet orange trees have been occasionally observed to be infected by Xylella fastidiosa without evidencing severe disease symptoms, whereas other trees in the same grove may exhibit severe disease symptoms. The principal endophytic bacterial species isolated from such CVC-asymptomatic citrus plants is Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens. The Madagascar periwinkle [Citrus sinensis (L.)] is a model plant which has been used to study X. fastidiosa in greenhouse environments. In order to characterize the interactions of X. fastidiosa and C. flaccumfaciens, periwinkle plants were inoculated separately with C. flaccumfaciens, X. fastidiosa, and both bacteria together. The number of flowers produced by the plants, the heights of the plants, and the exhibited disease symptoms were evaluated. PCR-primers for C. flaccumfaciens were designed in order to verify the presence of this endophytic bacterium in plant tissue, and to complement an existing assay for X. fastidiosa. These primers were capable of detecting C. flaccumfaciens in the periwinkle in the presence of X. fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa induced stunting and reduced the number of flowers produced by the periwinkle. When C. flaccumfaciens was inoculated together with X. fastidiosa, no stunting was observed. The number of flowers produced by our doubly-inoculated plants was an intermediate between the number produced by the plants inoculated with either of the bacteria separately. Our data indicate that C. flaccumfaciens interacted with X. fastidiosa in C. roseus, and reduced the severity of the disease symptoms induced by X. fastidiosa. Periwinkle is considered to be an excellent experimental system by which the interaction of C. flaccumfaciens and other endophytic bacteria with X. fastidiosa can be studied. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, Dept Genet, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lacava, PT (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, Dept Genet, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM ptlacava@esalq.usp.br RI Azevedo, Joao/F-4215-2012; Azevedo, Joao/F-3548-2015; Araujo, Welington /G-4905-2012; OI Azevedo, Joao/0000-0001-5732-053X; Araujo, Welington /0000-0002-2120-8172; Teixeira Lacava, Paulo/0000-0001-7166-606X NR 41 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU MICROBIOLOGY SOC KOREA PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER 803, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-8873 J9 J MICROBIOL JI J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 388 EP 393 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 226GR UT WOS:000250576400003 PM 17978797 ER PT J AU Parulekar, Y Mohanty, AK Imam, SH AF Parulekar, Yashodhan Mohanty, Amar K. Imam, Syed H. TI Biodegradable nanocomposites from toughened polyhydroxybutyrate and titanate-modified montmorillonite clay SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ChemOnTubes International Conference CY APR, 2006 CL Arcachon, FRANCE SP European Res Grp DE biodegradable; polymer nanocomposites; montmorillonite; surface modification; coupling agent; titanate; contact angle; organo-clay; biopolymer; polyhydroxyalkanoate; polyhydroxybutyrate ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMER BLENDS; POLYPROPYLENE-RUBBER BLENDS; NATURAL-RUBBER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS MECHANISM; MALEIC-ANHYDRIDE; IMPACT BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY AB Montmorillonite clay treated with neopentyl (diallyl)oxy tri(dioctyl) pyrophosphato titanate was used as a reinforcement for toughened bacterial bioplastic, Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in order to develop novel biodegradable nanocomposites. The modified clay, PHB, toughening partner and specific compatibilizer were processed by extrusion followed by injection molding. Different microscopy and goniometry techniques, rheology analysis, X-ray diffraction and thermo-mechanical testing were used to characterize the nanocomposites. Results showed that the nanocomposites with 5 wt% titanate-modified clay loading exhibited about 400% improvement in impact properties and 40% reduction in modulus in comparison with virgin PHB. The novel aspect of the titanate-based modification was that the nanocomposites still maintained nearly the same impact strength value as that of toughened PHB. The diffraction patterns suggest exfoliation of the organically modified clays and this was further supported by transmission electron microscopy and melt rheological analysis. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were correlated with a modified Halpin-Tsai theoretical model and the predictions matched significantly with the experimental results. Toughened and compatibilized PHB showed significantly lower biodegradation rate than virgin PHB and most significantly the addition of the titanate-modified clay in the same formulation enhanced the biodegradation several fold. C1 Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Albany, CA 94597 USA. RP Mohanty, AK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, 130 Packaging Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 7 IS 10 BP 3580 EP 3589 DI 10.1166/jnn.2007.852 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 223QY UT WOS:000250388600037 PM 18330176 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Hawthorne, KM Aliu, O Hicks, PD Chen, ZS Griffin, IJ AF Abrams, Steven A. Hawthorne, Keli M. Aliu, Olusevi Hicks, Penni D. Chen, Zhensheng Griffin, Ian J. TI An inulin-type fructan enhances calcium absorption primarily via an effect on colonic absorption in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BONE MINERALIZATION; YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; MAGNESIUM; GIRLS; RATS AB Calcium absorption efficiency and bone mineral mass are increased in adolescents who regularly consume inulin-type fructans (ITF). The mechanism of action in increasing absorption is unknown but may be related to increased colonic calcium absorption. We conducted a study in young adults designed to evaluate these mechanisms with a kinetic technique using Ca-42 orally and Ca-46 dosed i.v. Those who responded to 8 wk of supplementation with 8 g of a mixed short and long degree of polymerization ITF by increasing their calcium absorption had kinetic measurements analyzed to evaluate the time course of absorption, The area under the curve of the oral tracer in the blood during the 26 h after dosing was calculated and the time dependence of increased absorption determined. Eight young adults (of 13 studied), with mean calcium intake similar to 900 mg/d, responded to the ITF with an increased calcium absorption of at least 3%. In responders, absorption increased from 22.7 +/- 11.3% to 31.0 +/- 15.3%. Colonic absorption, defined as absorption that occurred >7 h after oral dosing, represented 69.6 +/- 18.6% of the increase, or 49 +/- 28 mg/d. These findings suggest that, in those who respond to ITF, its effects on calcium absorption occur principally in the colon. This benefit to ITF may be especially important when absorption in the small intestine is impaired for anatomic or physiological reasons. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatal, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatal, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK56338] NR 13 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 137 IS 10 BP 2208 EP 2212 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 213XU UT WOS:000249701400006 PM 17884999 ER PT J AU Talegawkar, SA Johnson, EJ Carithers, T Taylor, HA Bogle, ML Tucker, KL AF Talegawkar, Sameera A. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Carithers, Teresa Taylor, Herman A., Jr. Bogle, Margaret L. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Total alpha-tocopherol intakes are associated with serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations in African American adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; VITAMIN-E; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; UNITED-STATES; CAROTENOID CONCENTRATIONS; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA RETINOL; DIETARY-INTAKE AB African Americans in the southern United States have a high prevalence of chronic disease. Tocopherol intake and status have been associated with protection against several chronic diseases. Our objectives were, therefore, to examine the association between tocopherol intakes as measured by 2 regional FFQ and their corresponding concentrations in serum and to report on dietary sources of tocopherols in 404 men and women participating in the cross-sectional Diet and Physical Activity Sub-Study of the Jackson Heart Study. A large proportion (49% of men and 66% of women) reported dietary supplement use. Only 5.8% of men and 4.5% of women met the estimated average requirement (EAR) for vitamin E from foods alone, whereas 44.2% men and 49.2% women met it from foods and supplements. Total (diet + supplement) intake of a-tocopherol was associated with its corresponding measure in serum. Vitamin E supplement use, sex, serum cholesterol, education, and BMI, but not gamma-tocopherol intakes, were associated with serum gamma-tocopherol. For delta-tocopherol, associated variables included sex and serum cholesterol. The top food sources of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol were snack chips and the top food source of delta-tocopherol was margarine. Despite prevalent vitamin E supplement use, more than one-half of this population did not meet the EAR for a-tocopherol intake and very few met it from food alone. Supplement use was associated with higher alpha- but lower gamma-tocopherol concentration in serum. The possible health implications of this difference in relative tocopherol subtypes require further study. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-95172, N01-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171] NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 137 IS 10 BP 2297 EP 2303 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 213XU UT WOS:000249701400021 PM 17885014 ER PT J AU Jin, FX Glahn, RP AF Jin, Fuxia Glahn, Raymond P. TI Effect of glycosaminoglycans on nonherne iron absorption SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID CELLS C1 Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 137 IS 10 BP 2329 EP 2329 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 213XU UT WOS:000249701400026 PM 17885019 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Alvarado-Esquivel, C Liesenfeld, O Herrera-Flores, RG Ramirez-Sanchez, BE Gonzalez-Herrera, A Martinez-Garcia, SA Bandini, LA Kwok, OCH AF Dubey, J. P. Alvarado-Esquivel, C. Liesenfeld, O. Herrera-Flores, R. G. Ramirez-Sanchez, B. E. Gonzalez-Herrera, A. Martinez-Garcia, S. A. Bandini, L. A. Kwok, O. C. H. TI Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs from Durango city, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; SPECIFICITY; PREVALENCE; PROTOZOAN AB Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are structurally similar parasites, with many hosts in common. The prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum was determined in sera from dogs from Durango City, Mexico. Using a modified agglutination test, antibodies to T. gondii were found in 52 (51.5%) of the 101 dogs with titers of 1:25 in 27, 1:50 in 11, 1:100 in 5, 1:200 in 4, 1:400 in 2, 1:800 in 2, and 1:3,200 or higher in 1. Antibodies to N. caninum were determined by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the Neospora sp. agglutination test (NAT). Two of the 101 dogs had N. caninum antibodies; these dogs did not have T. gondii antibodies, supporting the specificity of the tests used. The N. caninum antibody titers of the 2 dogs were: 1:400 by IFAT and 1:200 by NAT in 1, and 1:25 by NAT and IFAT in the other. Results indicate that these 2 structurally similar protozoans are antigenically different. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1035 DI 10.1645/GE-1281R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 234TV UT WOS:000251187800008 PM 18163336 ER PT J AU Fetterer, RH Jenkins, MC Miska, KB Barfield, RC AF Fetterer, R. H. Jenkins, M. C. Miska, K. B. Barfield, R. C. TI Characterization of the antigen SO7 during development of Eimeria tenella SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFRACTILE BODY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ASPARTYL PROTEINASE; VACCINE; COCCIDIOSIS; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; INVASION; PROGRESS; CHICKEN AB The developmental expression of the antigen SO7, which has been previously shown to protect chickens against infection by several Eimeria species, was investigated. Using RT-PCR, mRNA for SO7 was found to be restricted primarily to unsporulated oocysts (0 hr). Western blot (WB) analysis with an antibody to recombinant SO7 (rbSO7) revealed expression of the protein from 6 to 72 hr (fully sporulated) of sporulation and in sporozoites (SZ). SO7 was absent in host-derived second-stage merozoites (MZ) and was present in culture-derived first-stage MZ but at a level of only 25% of that exhibited by SZ. During invasion of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells by SZ in vitro, the level of SO7 within cells, as determined by WB analysis, remained relatively constant until 48 hr of development and then decreased by about 40% at the next time point (72 hr). The SO7 secreted into the culture media during in vitro development increased to a relative maximum at 48 hr and then decreased to about 20% of maximum at 72 hr. Immunostaining with anti-rbSO7 indicates that SO7 is highly concentrated in both retractile bodies (RB) of SZ, with some limited distribution in the apical complex, Anti-rbSO7 intensively stained the intracellular parasites and the first-stage schizonts during in vitro development of E. tenella in MDBK cells. Upon release from the schizonts, the first-stage merozoites stained with I or 2 bright spots typically at each end. The results suggest that SO7 is closely associated with the SZ RB and is developmentally regulated but may not play a direct role in cellular invasion. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20750 USA. RP Fetterer, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20750 USA. EM rfettere@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1113 DI 10.1645/GE-1171R.1 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 234TV UT WOS:000251187800017 PM 18163345 ER PT J AU Hoberg, ER Abrams, A AF Hoberg, Eric R. Abrams, Arthur TI Emended description and redetermination of Sarwaria caballeroi n. comb. (Nematoda : Ostertagiinae) with details of the synlophe and esophageal characters SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS; SYSTEMATIC POSITION; TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA; MAZAMASTRONGYLUS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; RUMINANTS; CLASSIFICATION; PHYLOGENY; GENERA AB Among genera of the ostertagiine nematodes. structural attributes Of Spiculopteragia caballeroi are consistent with criteria that diagnose the genus Sarwaria. Specifically, the following characters are compatible with referral to this genus: (1) species characterized by monomorphic males; (2) tapering lateral synlophe in the cervical zone; (3) minuscule, thornlike cervical papillae: (4) length of Ray "4" < Ray "5"; (5) relatively thick or robust Ray "4"; (6) a substantially reduced dorsal lobe and dorsal ray that are disposed or curved ventrally relative to Rays "8"; and (7) a broad, laterally inflated dorsal lobe. Consequently, we propose Sarwaria caballeroi n. comb., and we provide further validation for the genus Sarwaria. Additionally, we propose that the ostertagiines Lire represented by 12 valid genera, including those characterized by a bursal formula of 2-2-1 (Cervicaprastrongylus. Hyostrongylus, Mazamastrongylus. Spiculopteragia, and Teladorsagia in addition to Sarwaria), and those in which the lateral rays describe a 2-1-2 pattern (Camelostrongylus, Longistrongylus, Marshallagia. Orloffia, Ostertagia, and Pseudo-marshallagia). C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, ER (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1140 EP 1150 DI 10.1645/GE-3587.1 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 234TV UT WOS:000251187800023 PM 18163351 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Esquivel, C Liesenfeld, O Herrera-Flores, RG Ramirez-Sanchez, BE Gonzalez-Herrera, A Martinez-Garcia, SA Dubey, JP AF Alvarado-Esquivel, C. Liesenfeld, O. Herrera-Flores, R. G. Ramirez-Sanchez, B. E. Gonzalez-Herrera, A. Martinez-Garcia, S. A. Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats from Durango city, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC CATS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE CYSTS; WEST-INDIES; SAO-PAULO; PREVALENCE; BRAZIL; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES AB The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined in sera from 105 domestic cats from Durango City, Mexico. Using, a modified agglutination test, antibodies to this parasite were found in 21% of the 105 cats, with titers of 1:25 in 3 cats. 1:50 in 4 cats. 1:200 in 5 cats. 1:400 in 2 cats, 1:800 in 2 cats, 1:1,600 in 4 cats, and 1:3.200 or higher in 2 cats. Cats older than 1 yr had a significantly higher frequency of infection than that found in cats younger than 0.5 yr (41 vs. 13.2%. respectively; odds ratio = 4.55; 95% CI = 1.24-17.18: P = 0.01). Overall. the seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies in cats in Durango, Mexico, is much lower compared with those reported in other countries. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Juarez Estado Durango, Fac Med, Durango 34000, Dgo, Mexico. Charite Med Sch Berlin, Inst Microbiol & Hyg, D-12203 Berlin, Germany. Anim Shelter Municipal Off Publ Hlth & Environm, Durano, Mexico. Secretary Hlth, Durango, Mexico. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@anri.usda.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1214 EP 1216 DI 10.1645/GE-1268R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 234TV UT WOS:000251187800032 PM 18163360 ER PT J AU Elitsur, E Marsh, AE Reed, SM Dubey, JP Oglesbee, MJ Murphy, JE Saville, WJA AF Elitsur, E. Marsh, A. E. Reed, S. M. Dubey, J. P. Oglesbee, M. J. Murphy, J. E. Saville, W. J. A. TI Early migration of Sarcocystis neurona in ponies fed sporocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; INTERMEDIATE HOST; EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION; NEUROLOGIC-DISEASE; PROCYON-LOTOR; LIFE-CYCLE; HORSES; INOCULATION; INFECTIONS AB Sarcocystis neurona is the most important cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). a neurologic disease of the horse. In the present work. the kinetics of S. neurona invasion is determined in the equine model. Six ponies were orally inoculated with 250 x 106 S. neurona sporocysts via nasogastric intubation and killed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 postinoculation (PI). At necropsy, tissue samples were examined for S. neurona infection. The parasite was isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes at 1, 2, and 7 days PI: the liver at 2, 5, and 7 days PI: and the lungs at 5, 7, and 9 days PI by bioassays in interferon gamma gene knock out mice (KO) and from cell culture. Microscopic lesions consistent with an EPM infection were observed in brain and spinal cord of ponies Killed 7 and 9 days PI. Results suggest that S. neurona disseminates quickly in tissue of naive ponies. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Saville, WJA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM saville.4@osu.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1222 EP 1225 DI 10.1645/GE-497R.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 234TV UT WOS:000251187800035 PM 18163363 ER PT J AU Rowell, RM AF Rowell, Roger M. TI Challenges in biomass-thermoplastic composites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wood; thermoplastics; moisture; decay; swelling; ultraviolet degradation; strength loss ID WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES AB Wood and other biomass resources have been blended with thermoplastic such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid and polyvinyl chloride to form wood plastic composites (WPC). WPCs have seen a large growth in the United States in recent years mainly in the residential decking market with the removal of CCA treated wood decking from residential markets. While there are many successes to report in WPCs, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before this technology will reach its full potential. This technology involves two different types of materials; one hygroscopic (biomass) and one hydrophobic (plastic) so there are issues of phase separation and compatiblization. This technology also involves two very different industries; wood and/or agricultural industries and plastic industries. Processing the two phases presents issues centered on maximizing mixing while minimizing damage to the biomass furnish. Melt flow index, processing temperatures, static electricity and density are also issues for the plastic industry which is used to high flowing high temperature processing conditions necessary when they either extrude plastics neat or use inorganic fillers such as glass, calcium carbonate or talc. While the biomass in the composite swells and shrinks due to moisture, the plastic phase swells and shrinks due to temperature. Freezing and thawing cycles also cause problems as well as the effects of microorganism attack and ultraviolet radiation. Dyeing, refinishing, color stability and fasteners are also concerns. Solid extrusion, profile extrusion, co-extrusion, injection molding and thermal molding are all being used to make different WPC products in different parts of the world. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rowell, Roger M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Rowell, RM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rmrowell@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10924-007-0069-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 279NH UT WOS:000254361400001 ER PT J AU O'Toole, TP Anderson, S Miller, C Guthrie, J AF O'Toole, Terrence P. Anderson, Susan Miller, Clare Guthrie, Joanne TI Nutrition services and foods and beverages available at school: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE food service; nutrition; schools; school policy; surveys ID US CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; CONSUMPTION; ADULTHOOD; OBESITY; SAMPLE AB BACKGROUND: Schools are in a unique position to promote healthy dietary behaviors and help ensure appropriate nutrient intake. This article describes the characteristics of both school nutrition services and the foods and beverages sold outside of the school meals program in the United States, including state- and district-level policies and school practices. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n = 445). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 944). RESULTS: Few states required schools to restrict the availability of deep-fried foods, to prohibit the sale of foods that have low nutrient density in certain venues, or to make healthful beverages available when beverages were offered. While many schools sold healthful foods and beverages outside of the school nutrition services program, many also sold items high in fat, sodium, and added sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition services program practices in many schools continue to need improvement. Districts and schools should implement more food preparation practices that reduce the total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and added sugar content of school meals. In addition, opportunities to eat and drink at school should be used to encourage greater daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nonfat or low-fat dairy products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP O'Toole, TP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cwu9@cdc.gov; sanderson@cdc.gov; clare.miller@fns.usda.gov; jguthrie@ers.usda.gov NR 39 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 5 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 500 EP 521 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00232.x PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215RC UT WOS:000249825700008 PM 17908105 ER PT J AU Arabelovic, S Sam, G Dallal, GE Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH Roubenoff, R AF Arabelovic, Senada Sam, Gina Dallal, Gerard E. Jacques, Paul F. Selhub, Jacob Rosenberg, Irwin H. Roubenoff, Ronenn TI Preliminary evidence shows that folic acid fortification of the food supply is associated with higher methotrexate dosing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LOW-DOSE METHOTREXATE; DOUBLE-BLIND; SUPPLEMENTATION; FOLATE; EFFICACY; THERAPY AB Background: Fortification of the diet with folate has been used in the United States since 1997 to prevent neural tube defects in newborn babies. However, an increase in dietary folate intake could theoretically reduce the effectiveness of the anti-folate medication, methotrexate (MTX) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. Objective: To investigate whether dietary fortification with folic acid interferes with MTX function in patients with RA. Methods: We computed MTX dose per patient per year for the years 1988 to 1999 and plotted these against time, comparing the overall mean MTX dose before and after 1997, when dietary fortification with folic acid was instituted in the USA. Thirty-six subjects met eligibility criteria. Results: Mean annual MTX dose was stable between 1988 and 1996 (12.4 +/- 4.0mg), but then rose linearly from 1997 to 1999 (16.6 +/- 5.1 mg, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that folic acid supplementation may contribute to higher MTX dosing in patients with RA. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Arthritis Treatment Ctr, Div Rheumatol Immunol, Boston, MA USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ronenn.roubenoff@biogenidec.com FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054] NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 453 EP 455 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 221YZ UT WOS:000250264600007 PM 17914133 ER PT J AU Carrera, PM Gao, XA Tucker, KL AF Carrera, Patricia M. Gao, Xiang Tucker, Katherine L. TI A study of dietary patterns in the Mexican-American population and their association with obesity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; VEGETABLE INTAKE; HEART-DISEASE; FRUIT; US; ACCULTURATION; CONSUMPTION AB Objective Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 indicate that prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise among Mexican Americans. Little is know about the dietary factors associated with this trend. Ethnic groups have different dietary patterns based on their geographical locations and cultural influences. We examined the dietary patterns of Mexican Americans and their association with total and central obesity. We hypothesized that Mexican-American adults following a traditional diet would have a lower prevalence of obesity than those following a more typical American diet. Subjects Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 included 659 Mexican-American adults, ages 18 years and older. Experimental design Dietary patterns were defined by cluster analysis of food group variables, expressed as percentage contribution to total energy intake. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)) and central obesity by waist circumference. Results We defined four dietary patterns, each named for the food groups that were most predominant relative to the other clusters: poultry and alcohol, milk and baked products, traditional Mexican, and meat. Surprisingly, we did not identify a clear "healthy pattern" group in this population, as has been generally observed in other ethnic groups. Although the traditional Mexican diet contains relatively high intakes of legumes and dietary fiber, it also was high in cholesterol. Contrary to our hypothesis, those consuming the traditional Mexican diet pattern had high BMI and waist circumference values, which did not differ significantly from other groups. Conclusion In this representative population of Mexican-American adults, we identified distinct dietary patterns, but these were not significantly associated with obesity. Rather, obesity was prevalent in all diet groups. More details on possible changes within the traditional pattern, including use of fast food vs home-prepared Mexican foods, are needed to better understand how diet can be associated with obesity in this population. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Hlth Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Marys Ctr Maternal & Child Care Inc, WIC Program, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Nutr Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Hlth Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 72 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 107 IS 10 BP 1735 EP 1742 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.016 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 217GH UT WOS:000249935900023 PM 17904933 ER PT J AU Nuss, H Freeland-Graves, J Clarke, K Klohe-Lehman, D Milani, TJ AF Nuss, Henry Freeland-Graves, Jeanne Clarke, Kristine Klohe-Lehman, Deborah Milani, Tracey J. TI Greater nutrition knowledge is associated with. lower 1-year postpartum weight retention in low-income women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; CONTROL PROGRAM; BLACK-WOMEN; LABEL USE; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; GAIN; PREGNANCY; RISK; INTERVENTION AB The purpose of this study was to assess nutrition knowledge during early and late postpartum in a sample of low-income and minority women, and to determine if that knowledge had any relationship to weight retention at 1-year postpartum. A questionnaire was developed and validated in a sample of 151 low-income new mothers. This instrument was then administered to a separate sample of mothers (n=140) of similar demographics to assess nutrition knowledge at 0 to 1 days and 12 months postpartum. In addition, a survey of nutrition information sources was administered at both time points. Nutrition knowledge was compared with 12-month postpartum weight retention and demographic variables. Women who retained less than 5% of weight gained during pregnancy had greater knowledge of nutrition at 0 months (53% vs 49%, P < 0.05) and 12 months (55% vs 51%, P < 0.05) than those who retained 5% or more of weight gained during pregnancy. Whites had higher nutrition knowledge scores than non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Women who lactated 6 months or more had more knowledge than those who lactated less than 6 months. Higher knowledge test scores were observed among women who used the Internet and books/magazines as their source for information. These results indicate that assessment of nutrition knowledge in early postpartum can identify women at risk for significant weight retention. C1 USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Texas Dept Agr, Austin, TX USA. Euro RSCG Life PR & Noonan Russo, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Texas, Div Nutr Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Nuss, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, 900 S Shacklford Rd, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM hnuss@spa.ars.usda.gov FU PHS HHS [R01N04679] NR 41 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 107 IS 10 BP 1801 EP 1806 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.010 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 217GH UT WOS:000249935900031 PM 17904941 ER PT J AU Carrao-Panizzi, MC Erhan, SZ AF Carrao-Panizzi, Mercedes Concordia Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Environmental and genetic variation of soybean tocopherol content under brazilian growing conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE soybean cultivars; growing locations; seeds; tocopherol composition ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; GLYCINE-MAX; OIL; TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; SEEDS AB Information about the chemical composition of soybean cultivars (cvs) and environmental impact on their composition is important for processors and exporters to meet the demand of niche markets. Tocopherol composition (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and total), was analyzed in seeds of 89 Brazilian soybean cultivars grown under fertile soil in Ponta Grossa, Parana state, Brazil, in 2001. A large range of variability was observed: for alpha-tocopherol, 11 ppm (cv. Davis) to 191 ppm (cv. IPB-T); for beta-tocopherol, 6 ppm (cv. IAC 1) to 64 ppm (cv. IPB-T); for gamma-tocopherol, 304 ppm (BR62 Carla) to 1333 ppm (cv. Bienville); for delta-tocopherol, 174 ppm (cv. UFV 15) to 580 ppm (cv.IAS-5; and for total tocopherols, 561 ppm (cv. BRS62 Carla) to 1,983 ppm (cv. BR4-RC). For comparison of different growing locations, cv. MG/BR 46 Conquista was grown in 16 different locations of the Minas Gerais and Goias states (Central Region, ca. 17 degrees South latitude). Higher content of total tocopherol was found in Conquista, Uberaba, Sacramento, and Cerrado, while lower contents were observed in Alvorada, Irai, and Uberlandia. In the South region (ca. 23 degrees South latitude), the cultivar IAS 5, grown in 12 different locations of Parana and Sao Paulo states, showed high total tocopherol content in Londrina, Pedrinhas, Ponta Grossa, and Nuporanga, and lower amounts in Cascavel, Pirassununga, Luiziana, and Morro Agudo. Tocopherol content in soybean seeds varied due to genetic differences as well as to the local environmental factors of different growing locations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Embrapa Labex EUA, Embrapa Soybean, BR-86970001 Londrina, Brazil. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sevim.erhan@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 10 BP 921 EP 928 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1128-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 214IO UT WOS:000249731300005 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Scott, KM Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Haas, Michael J. Scott, Karen M. Foglia, Thomas A. Marmer, William N. TI The general applicability of in situ transesterification for the production of fatty acid esters from a variety of feedstocks SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; distillers dried grains; fats and oils utilization; fatty acid ester; in situ transesterification; meat and bone meal; transesterification ID BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AB We previously described a method for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production wherein acylglycerol transesterification was achieved by reacting flaked full fat soybeans with alkaline methanol to create a product that met ASTM specifications for biodiesel. In the present work we explore the general applicability of this approach, termed in situ transesterification, to feedstocks other than soybeans. Materials investigated were distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), which is a co-product of the production of ethanol from corn, and meat and bone meal (MBM), a product of animal rendering. For both feedstocks, reaction conditions giving maximum lipid transesterification were predicted by statistical experimental design and response surface regression analysis, and then verified experimentally. Successful transesterification was achieved at ambient pressure and 35 degrees C. For DDGS, partial drying markedly reduced the methanol requirement to achieve a high degree (91.1% of maximum theoretical) of transesterification. Elevated reaction temperatures (to 55 degrees C was explored) caused little or no shortening of the time to completion. Protein was not removed from the DDGS during this treatment. For MBM, drying was not required to achieve a high degree (93.3%) of transesterification. The remaining meal retained approximately 90% of the protein originally present. Coupled with the previous work with soybeans, the data presented here indicate that in situ transesterification is generally applicable to lipid-bearing materials, which could substantially increase the supply of biodiesel. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM michael.haas@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 10 BP 963 EP 970 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1119-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 214IO UT WOS:000249731300010 ER PT J AU Stover, E Davies, F Cilient, S Zalman, GR AF Stover, Ed Davies, Fredericks. Cilient, Scott Zalman, Glenn R. TI Organosilicone surfactants sometimes reduce corrected soluble solids in processing oranges treated with EcoLyst SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID APPLE AB EcoLyst (a formulation of N-N-diethyl-2-(4-methylbenzyloxy) ethylamine hydrochloride, at 0.034 gml(-1)), is a plant growth regulator that was reported to increase soluble solids concentration (SSC) in juice oranges by 0.6 to 1.2 degrees Brix in initial research and development trials. In our previous report, replicated field experiments largely failed to confirm the excellent early reports, despite numerous trials at different material rates and spray timings conducted over many locations and several years. Based on initial reports, all of these trials had included Silwet L-77 adjuvant at 0.05%. A single trial on 'Valencia' (Citrus sinensis L.) in 2000 compared EcoLyst application with numerous surfactants, including a no surfactant treatment and a non-treated control. At harvest, the exclusion of surfactant resulted in significantly higher SSC than in the control and treatments that included surfactants. To test the hypothesis that surfactant use may be compromising EcoLyst efficacy, experiments compared EcoLyst response with and without Silwet L-77 on 6 blocks of 'Hamlin' and 3 blocks of 'Valencia' sweet oranges, all in commercial orchards. Only two trials, one in each year of the study, showed an increase in SSC from EcoLyst treatment relative to non-treated controls. More interestingly, in these two trials and in one additional trial, inclusion of Silwet L-77 with EcoLyst resulted in a significant SSC reduction relative to EcoLyst alone. This suggests that the surfactant was sometimes deleterious to fruit SSC development and/or EcoLyst enhancement of SSC. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233CM UT WOS:000251068000006 ER PT J AU Hummer, K Zee, F Strauss, A Keith, U Nishijima, W AF Hummer, Kim Zee, Francis Strauss, Amy Keith, Usa Nishijima, Wayne TI Evergreen production of southern Highbush blueberries in Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Blueberry is not commercially grown in Hawai'i, though it represents a potential high-value niche-market crop. Many localities with equivalent low chilling environments, such as southern California, Mexico, Spain and Portugal, have successfully begun growing blueberries, but little is known about the adaptability of this crop to Hawai'i. In mid-April 2004, blueberries were planted at the University of Hawai'i. Mealani Agricultural Research Station in Waimea, a mid-elevation vegetable production area on the Island of Hawai'i. Ten plants each of six southern highbush-blueberry (Vacciniun corymbosum L.) hybrid cultivars, 'Biloxi', 'Emerald', 'Jewel', 'Misty', 'Sapphire', and 'Sharpblue' were planted in blocks and evaluated from Oct. 2004 through Oct. 2006. The objectives were to compare trends in the production season, potential yields, plant growth, and fruit quality of the cultivars. First production occurred within 6 months of planting. Each of the plants grew and produced reasonable yields of quality berries within two years. 'Biloxi', 'Emerald', 'Sapphire', and 'Sharpblue' produced between 1.70 to 1.87 kg/plant/year during their second year after field establishment. Peak production times, when total berry harvest exceeded 4 kg/week for the 60 plant plot, occurred between mid-Aug. to mid-Sept., and for two weeks in mid-Feb.; individual cultivar harvest peaks were spread throughout the year. 'Jewel' plants were very vigorous and had low annual yield. 'Emerald' had the largest average berry size, exceeding 4 g. Fruit from each of the cultivars of this study had similar total soluble solids and acceptable flavor. Bird damage was prevented by enclosing the planting in net-covered caging. Chinese rose beetle (Adoretus sinicus Burmeister) and thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouche) caused some foliar damage, but disease and pest problems were otherwise minimal. Southern highbush blueberries are amenable for culture in Hawai'i. C1 ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hummer, K (reprint author), ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA, 33447 Peproa Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 188 EP 195 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233CM UT WOS:000251068000007 ER PT J AU Simon, A Doyle, M Kondolf, M Shields, FD Rhoads, B McPhillips, M AF Simon, A. Doyle, M. Kondolf, M. Shields, F. D., Jr. Rhoads, B. McPhillips, M. TI Critical evaluation of how the Rosgen classification and associated "natural channel design" methods fail to integrate and quantify fluvial processes and channel response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE geomorphology; fluvial processes; rivers/streams; restoration; sediment; Rosgen classification ID STREAMBANK STABILITY; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; MODEL; RIVER; TIME; PERFORMANCE; ADJUSTMENT; CALIFORNIA; MORPHOLOGY; DISCHARGE AB Over the past 10 years the Rosgen classification system and its associated methods of "natural channel design'' have become synonymous to some with the term "stream restoration'' and the science of fluvial geomorphology. Since the mid 1990s, this classification approach has become widely adopted by governmental agencies, particularly those funding restoration projects. The purposes of this article are to present a critical review, highlight inconsistencies and identify technical problems of Rosgen's "natural channel design'' approach to stream restoration. This paper's primary thesis is that alluvial streams are open systems that adjust to altered inputs of energy and materials, and that a form- based system largely ignores this critical component. Problems with the use of the classification are encountered with identifying bankfull dimensions, particularly in incising channels and with the mixing of bed and bank sediment into a single population. Its use for engineering design and restoration may be flawed by ignoring some processes governed by force and resistance, and the imbalance between sediment supply and transporting power in unstable systems. An example of how C5 channels composed of different bank sediments adjust differently and to different equilibrium morphologies in response to an identical disturbance is shown. This contradicts the fundamental underpinning of "natural channel design'' and the "reference- reach approach.'' The Rosgen classification is probably best applied as a communication tool to describe channel form but, in combination with "natural channel design'' techniques, are not diagnostic of how to mitigate channel instability or predict equilibrium morphologies. For this, physically based, mechanistic approaches that rely on quantifying the driving and resisting forces that control active processes and ultimate channel morphology are better suited as the physics of erosion, transport, and deposition are the same regardless of the hydro- physiographic province or stream type because of the uniformity of physical laws. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Landscape Architecture & Environm Planning, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Intuit & Log Inc, Amelia Island, FL USA. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM asimon@ars.usda.gov NR 86 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 62 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1131 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00091.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 210XI UT WOS:000249488500004 ER PT J AU Carey, RO Vellidis, G Lowrance, R Pringle, CM AF Carey, Richard O. Vellidis, George Lowrance, Richard Pringle, Catherine M. TI Do nutrients limit algal periphyton in small blackwater coastal plain streams? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE algae; periphyton; periphytometer; nutrient limitation; light limitation; water quality ID RIVER; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEMS; LIGHT AB We examine the potential for nutrient limitation of algal periphyton biomass in blackwater streams draining the Georgia coastal plain. Previous studies have investigated nutrient limitation of planktonic algae in large blackwater rivers, but virtually no scientific information exists regarding how algal periphyton respond to nutrients under different light conditions in smaller, low- flow streams. We used a modification of the Matlock periphytometer ( nutrient- diffusing substrata) to determine if algal growth was nutrient limited and / or light limited at nine sites spanning a range of human impacts from relatively undisturbed forested basins to highly disturbed agricultural sites. We employed four treatments in both shaded and sunny conditions at each site: ( 1) control, (2) N (NO3-N), (3) P (PO4-P), and (4) N + P (NO3-N+PO4-P). Chlorophyll a response was measured on 10 replicate substrates per treatment, after 15 days of in situ exposure. Chlorophyll a values did not approach what have been defined as nuisance levels (i.e., 100-200 mg/m(2)), even in response to nutrient enrichment in sunny conditions. For Georgia coastal plain streams, algal periphyton growth appears to be primarily light limited and can be secondarily nutrient limited ( most commonly by P or N + P combined) in light gaps and / or open areas receiving sunlight. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Carey, RO (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM yiorgos@uga.edu RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012; OI Carey, Richard O./0000-0003-2671-2770 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1193 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00103.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 210XI UT WOS:000249488500009 ER PT J AU Engel, B Storm, D White, M Arnold, J Arabi, M AF Engel, Bernard Storm, Dan White, Mike Arnold, Jeff Arabi, Mazdak TI A hydrologic/water quality model application protocol SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE simulation; quality assurance/quality control; runoff; nonpoint source pollution ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; SWAT MODEL; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; RIVER-BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; VALIDATION; WATERSHEDS; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS AB This paper presents a procedure for standard application of hydrologic / water quality models. To date, most hydrologic / water quality modeling projects and studies have not utilized formal protocols, but rather have employed ad hoc approaches. The procedure proposed is an adaptation and extension of steps identified from relevant literature including guidance provided by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. This protocol provides guidance for establishing written plans prior to conducting modeling efforts. Eleven issues that should be addressed in model application plans were identified and discussed in the context of hydrologic / water quality studies. A graded approach for selection of the level of documentation for each item was suggested. The creation and use of environmental modeling plans is increasingly important as the results of modeling projects are used in decision- making processes that have significant implications. Standard modeling application protocols similar to the proposed procedure herein provide modelers with a roadmap to be followed, reduces modelers' bias, enhances the reproducibility of model application studies, and eventually improves acceptance of modeling outcomes. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Engel, B (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 225 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM engelb@purdue.edu NR 33 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1223 EP 1236 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00105.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 210XI UT WOS:000249488500012 ER PT J AU Carroll, MJ Lampert, EC Berenbaum, MR Noyes, JS Ode, PJ AF Carroll, Mark J. Lampert, Evan C. Berenbaum, May R. Noyes, John S. Ode, Paul J. TI New records of Copidosoma sosares (Walker) (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the parsnip webworm (Depressaria pastinacella (Duponchel)) (Lepidoptera : Elachistidae), in western north America SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; polyembryony; wild parsnip; cowparsnip; parasitic wasp ID SOPHONIA-RUFOFASCIA HOMOPTERA; WILD PARSNIP; CICADELLIDAE; HERBIVORE; OECOPHORIDAE; HOSTPLANT; PATTERNS; HAWAII; PLANTS AB Copidosoma sosares (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a specialized polyembryonic parasitic wasp native to Europe. Here we report the distribution of C sosares from western North America. We located C sosares parasitizing Depressaria pastinacella (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) from several sites throughout Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. Specimens collected from the Netherlands and several populations in the western US were indistinguishable morphologically. Reciprocal crosses between individuals from the Netherlands and from the western US strongly suggest that US populations of this wasp are C. sosares. In view of the absence of any recorded effort to introduce this species for biological control or any other purpose, it is likely that this species was accidentally introduced along with its host sometime in the recent past. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Ode, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.2317/0022-8567(2007)80[309:NROCSW]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 232BL UT WOS:000250993000004 ER PT J AU Shufran, KA Kirkman, LR Puterka, GJ AF Shufran, Kevin A. Kirkman, Lyndi R. Puterka, Gary J. TI Absence of mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Russian wheat aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) Populations consistent with a single introduction into the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biotype; Diuraphis noxia; genetic diversity; invasive species ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; BIOTYPIC VARIATION; RAPD-PCR; DIVERGENCE; DIURAPHIS AB Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), was introduced into North America in Mexico during 1980 and by 1988 had spread north across the Western US into Southern Canada. South Africa has been suspected as the source of the introduction. Russian wheat aphid is the major insect pest of wheat and barley in the southern and central plains states. Resistant wheat with the Dn4 gene was the primary management tactic from 1996 to 2003. During 2003, a biotype able to injure Dn4 wheat (designated RWA2) appeared in Colorado. The source of the biotype is unclear, that is whether it represents a new introduction from another country or if it arose from the extant population in the US. We examined a 332 bp portion of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COT) in the mtDNA of Russian wheat aphid collected in the US from 1986 through 2006. Also included were specimens from Mexico and South Africa. Except for two nucleotides in two individual aphids, no COI sequence variation was found in US populations over a 20 yr period. US populations had COT sequences which were identical to those found in Mexico, Turkey, France, and one aphid from South Africa. A second aphid from South Africa differed by only two bp. The lack of COT nucleotide variation suggested that biotype RWA2 did not represent a second introduction of a genetically distinct population from another country. The data are consistent with a single introduction from South Africa and no other introductions of virulent biotypes into the US occurred since 1986. C1 USDA, ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Shufran, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Crops Res Unit, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Kevin.Shufran@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.2317/0022-8567(2007)80[319:AOMDSV]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 232BL UT WOS:000250993000005 ER PT J AU Xu, CP Caperna, TJ Garrett, WM Cregan, P Bae, HH Luthria, DL Natarajan, S AF Xu, Chenping Caperna, Thomas J. Garrett, Wesley M. Cregan, Perry Bae, Hanhong Luthria, Devanand L. Natarajan, Savithiry TI Proteomic analysis of the distribution of the major seed allergens in wild, landrace, ancestral, and modern soybean genotypes SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE 2D-PAGE; soybean; proteomics; allergen; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS/MS ID M BD 30K; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNODOMINANT ALLERGEN; BETA-CONGLYCININ; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; SOY PROTEIN; PRODUCTS; ENZYME; MUTANT; IDENTIFICATION AB BACKGROUND: A comparative analysis of seed allergens from various soybean genotypes is crucial for identifying and eliminating potential allergens. We have investigated the distribution of three major allergens (Gly m Bd 60K, Gly m Bd 30K and Gly m Bd 28K) in wild, landrace, ancestral and modern soybean genotypes. RESULTS: Gly m Bd 60K allergens consist of alpha subunits of beta-conglycinin and G2 subunits of glycinin. In wild genotypes, alpha subunits of beta-conglycinin separated into six to seven protein spots whereas five to seven spots were observed in the landraces. All genotypes of modern and ancestral groups showed 3-5 protein spots of a subunits of beta-conglycinin. All genotypes showed eight spots of glycinin G2 subunits except one ancestral genotype which had seven spots. Two protein spots were detected for Gly m Bd 30K in 14 genotypes but one spot was detected in two wild genotypes. Two protein spots were detected for Gly m Bd 28K in all genotypes. CONCLUSION: Considerable heterogeneity of the a subunit of beta-conglycinin distribution exists among these 16 soybean genotypes. Significant proteomic variation was observed between different soybean groups rather than among genotypes in the same group. This investigation would be valuable to researchers working with soybean and nutrition. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM natarajs@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 87 IS 13 BP 2511 EP 2518 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3017 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 220MS UT WOS:000250161400018 ER PT J AU Bataineh, MM Oswald, BP Bataineh, AL Farrish, KW Coble, DW Edminster, CB AF Bataineh, Mohammad M. Oswald, Brian P. Bataineh, Amanda L. Farrish, Kenneth W. Coble, Dean W. Edminster, Carleton B. TI Plant communities associated with Pinus ponderosa forests in the sky islands of the Davis Mountains, Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; indirect gradient analysis; Juniper deppeana; Madrean Archipelago; ordination; Pinus cembroides; Trans-Pecos ID GRADIENT ANALYSIS; VEGETATION AB Species composition of Pinus ponderosa P.&C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm. forests in the sky islands of the Davis Mountains was evaluated and classified using ordination and classification techniques. Twelve study sites were established within Pinus ponderosa forests in the summers of 2002 and 2003. Overstory (tree) and understory (shrub and herbaceous) vegetation strata were sampled. Thirteen associations were recognized by combining four overstory groups and eight understory groups. The associations reflected a wide range of ecological conditions with Juniperus deppeana associations occupying dry sites and Pinus ponderosa associations occupying wetter sites. The major environmental factors responsible for the differences in vegetation of these forests were altitude, slope position, slope inclination, and soil moisture. C1 [Bataineh, Mohammad M.; Oswald, Brian P.; Bataineh, Amanda L.; Farrish, Kenneth W.; Coble, Dean W.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Bataineh, Mohammad M.] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Irbid 22110, Jordan. [Edminster, Carleton B.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Oswald, BP (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, PO Box 6109,SFA Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM boswald@sfasu.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 468 EP 478 DI 10.3159/07-RA-022.1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 265UU UT WOS:000253387600005 ER PT J AU McEwan, RW Hutchinson, TF Long, RP Ford, DR McCarthy, BC AF McEwan, Ryan W. Hutchinson, Todd F. Long, Robert P. Ford, D. Robert McCarthy, Brian C. TI Temporal and spatial patterns in fire occurrence during the establishment of mixed-oak forests in eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE deciduous forest; dendroecology; disturbance; fire scar; oak; Quercus alba; tree ring ID SOUTHEASTERN OHIO; MESOPHYTIC FOREST; TREE RECRUITMENT; PRESCRIBED FIRE; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; VEGETATION PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; PINE FORESTS; DYNAMICS; REGIMES AB Question: What was the role of. re during the establishment of the current overstory (ca. 1870-1940) in mixed-oak forests of eastern North America? Location: Nine sites representing a 240-km latitudinal gradient on the Allegheny and Cumberland Plateaus of eastern North America. Methods: Basal cross-sections were collected from 225 trees. Samples were surfaced, and. re scars were dated. Fire history diagrams were constructed and. re return intervals were calculated for each site. Geographic patterns of. re occurrence, and fire-climate relationships were assessed. Results: Fire was a frequent and widespread occurrence during the formation of mixed-oak forests, which initiated after large-scale land clearing in the region ca. 1870. Fire return ranged from 1.7 to 11.1 years during a period of frequent burning from 1875 to 1936. Fires were widespread during this period, sometimes occurring across the study region in the same year. Fires occurred in a variety of climate conditions, including both drought and non- drought years. Fires were rare from 1936 to the present. Conclusions: A variety of. re regime characteristics were discerned. First, a period of frequent. re lasted approximately 60 years during the establishment of the current oak overstory. Second, fire occurred during a variety of climate conditions, including wet climates and extreme drought. Finally, there was within-site temporal variability in. re occurrence. These reference conditions could be mimicked in ongoing oak restoration activities, improving the likelihood of restoration success. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43105 USA. RP McEwan, RW (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM ryan.mcewan@uky.edu NR 70 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02579.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 193SA UT WOS:000248293400005 ER PT J AU Jarosinski, KW Margulis, NG Kamil, JP Spatz, SJ Nair, VK Osterrieder, N AF Jarosinski, Keith W. Margulis, Neil G. Kamil, Jeremy P. Spatz, Stephen J. Nair, Venugopal K. Osterrieder, Nikolaus TI Horizontal transmission of Marek's disease virus requires U(S)2, the U(L)13 protein kinase, and gC SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; OPEN READING FRAME; SCID-HU MOUSE; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN-C; EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1; DELETION MUTANTS; SEROTYPE-1 MDV-1; HOMOLOG AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) causes a general malaise in chickens that is mostly characterized by the development of lymphoblastoid tumors in multiple organs. The use of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) for cloning and manipulation of the MDV genome has facilitated characterization of specific genes and genomic regions. The development of most MDV BACs, including pRB-1B-5, derived from a very virulent MDV strain, involved replacement of the U(S)2 gene with mini-F vector sequences. However, when reconstituted viruses based on pRB-1B were used in pathogenicity studies, it was discovered that contact chickens housed together with experimentally infected chickens did not contract Marek's disease (MD), indicating a lack of horizontal transmission. Staining of feather follicle epithelial cells in the skins of infected chickens showed that virus was present but was unable to be released and/or infect susceptible chickens. Restoration of U(S)2 and removal of mini-F sequences within viral RB-1B did not alter this characteristic, although in vivo viremia levels were increased significantly. Sequence analyses of pRB-1B revealed that the U(L)13, U(L)44, and U(S)6 genes encoding the U(L)13 serine/threonine protein kinase, glycoprotein C (gC), and gD, respectively, harbored frameshift mutations. These mutations were repaired individually, or in combination, using two-step Red mutagenesis. Reconstituted viruses were tested for replication, MD incidence, and their abilities to horizontally spread to contact chickens. The experiments clearly .showed that U(S)2, U(L)13, and gC in combination are essential for horizontal transmission of MDV and that none of the genes alone is able to restore this phenotype. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Viral Oncogenesis Grp, Compton, Berks, England. RP Jarosinski, KW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kwj4@cornell.edu RI Nair, Venugopal/D-4447-2016; OI Nair, Venugopal/0000-0002-8255-516X; Kamil, Jeremy/0000-0001-8422-7656 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI063048A, R56 AI063048] NR 55 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 81 IS 19 BP 10575 EP 10587 DI 10.1128/JVI.01065-07 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 212SP UT WOS:000249617400037 PM 17634222 ER PT J AU Balinsky, CA Delhon, G Afonso, CL Risatti, GR Borca, MV French, RA Tulman, ER Geary, SJ Rock, DL AF Balinsky, C. A. Delhon, G. Afonso, C. L. Risatti, G. R. Borca, M. V. French, R. A. Tulman, E. R. Geary, S. J. Rock, D. L. TI Sheeppox virus kelch-like gene SPPV-019 affects virus virulence SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUMPY-SKIN-DISEASE; MURINE INTRADERMAL MODEL; AFRICAN VACCINE STRAIN; THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; DES-PETITS-RUMINANTS; CUL3-BASED E3 LIGASE; CAPRIPOXVIRUS INFECTIONS; HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; REPEAT SUPERFAMILY AB Sheeppox virus (SPPV), a member of the Capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of a significant disease of sheep in the developing world. Genomic analysis of pathogenic and vaccine capripoxviruses identified genes with potential roles in virulence and host range, including three genes with similarity to kelch-like genes of other poxviruses and eukaryotes. Here, a mutant SPPV with a deletion in the SPPV-019 kelch-like gene, Delta KLP, was derived from the pathogenic strain SPPV-SA. Delta KLP exhibited in vitro growth characteristics similar to those of SPPV-SA and revertant virus (RvKLP). Delta KLP-infected cells exhibited a reduction in Ca2+ -independent cell adhesion, suggesting that SPPV-019 may modulate cellular adhesion. When inoculated in sheep by the intranasal or intradermal routes, Delta KLP was markedly attenuated, since all Delta KLP-infected lambs survived infection. In contrast, SPPV-SA and RvKLP induced mortality approaching 100%. Lambs inoculated with Delta KLP exhibited marked reduction or delay in fever response, gross lesions, viremia, and virus shedding compared to parental and revertant viruses. Together, these findings indicate that SPPV-019 is a significant SPPV virulence determinant in sheep. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Vet Sci, RA-1427 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Sci, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Rock, DL (reprint author), 2522 Vet Med Basic Bldg,MC-002,2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM dlrock@uiuc.edu OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 66 TC 17 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 81 IS 20 BP 11392 EP 11401 DI 10.1128/JVI.01093-07 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 218MK UT WOS:000250019400053 PM 17686843 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Stabel, JR Waters, WR Bannantine, JP Miller, JM AF Palmer, Mitchell V. Stabel, Judith R. Waters, W. Ray Bannantine, John P. Miller, Janice M. TI Experimental infection of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Jobne's disease; Mycobacterium avium subsp.; paratuberculosis; Odocoileus virginianus; paratuberculosis; white-tailed deer ID AMERICAN WILD RUMINANTS; PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ORAL INOCULATION; JOHNES-DISEASE; DOMESTIC SHEEP; PATHOLOGY; CATTLE; CULTURE; CALVES AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis or Johne's disease, a chronic enteric disease of domestic ruminants as well as some nondomestic ruminants. Paratuberculosis is characterized by a protracted subclinical phase followed by clinical signs such as diarrhea, weight loss, and hypoproteinemia. Fecal shedding of Map is characteristic of both the subclinical and clinical phases, and it is important in disease transmission. Lesions of paratuberculosis are characterized by chronic granulomatous enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Animal models of paratuberculosis that simulate all aspects of the disease are rare. Oral inoculation of 9-day-old white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on 3 June 2002 with 1.87x 10(10) colony-forming units of Map strain K10 resulted in clinical disease (soft to diarrheic feces) as early as 146 days after inoculation; lesions consistent with paratuberculosis were observed in animals at the termination of the study. Intermittent fecal shedding of Map was seen between 28 and 595 days (4 March 2004) after inoculation. These findings suggest that experimental oral inoculation of white-tailed deer fawns may mimic all aspects of subclinical and clinical paratuberculosis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mitchell_palmer@ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 597 EP 608 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 232QL UT WOS:000251034100004 PM 17984254 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Mark, CS Chase, CCL Ridpath, AC Neill, JD AF Ridpath, Julia F. Mark, C. Scott Chase, Christopher C. L. Ridpath, Alanson C. Neill, John D. TI Febrile response and decrease in circulating lymphocytes following acute infection of white-tailed deer fawns with either a BVDV1 or a BVDV2 strain SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE acute infection; bovine viral diarrhea virus; deer Odocoileus virginianus ID VIRAL-DIARRHEA-VIRUS; MULE DEER; CALVES; ANTIBODIES; VIRULENCE; GERMANY; ANTIGEN; DISEASE; LESIONS; TYPE-2 AB Although commonly associated with infection in cattle, bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) also replicate in many domestic and wildlife species, including cervids. Bovine viral diarrhea viruses have been isolated from a number of cervids, including mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus), but little information is available regarding clinical presentation and progression of infection in these species. In preliminary studies of experimental infection of deer with BVDV, researchers noted seroconversion but no clinical signs. In this study, we infected white-tailed deer fawns that were negative for BVDV and for antibodies against BVDV, with either a type I or a type 2 BVDV that had been isolated from white-tailed deer. Fawns were monitored for changes in basal temperature, circulating lymphocytes, and platelets. The clinical progression following inoculation in these fawns was similar to that seen with BVDV infections in cattle and included fever and depletion of circulating lymphocytes. Because free-ranging cervid populations are frequently in contact with domestic cattle in the United States, possible transfer of BVDV between cattle and cervids has significant implications for proposed BVDV control programs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RRC, Concord, VA 24538 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 653 EP 659 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 232QL UT WOS:000251034100010 PM 17984260 ER PT J AU Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE Valeika, S Swayne, DE AF Brown, Justin D. Stallknecht, David E. Valeika, Steve Swayne, David E. TI Susceptibility of wood ducks to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Aix sponsa; avian influenza virus; BID50; BLD50; H5N1; highly pathogenic avian influenza; infectious dose; susceptibility; wood duck ID HONG-KONG; PERSISTENCE; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; WATER AB Since 2002, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have caused mortality in numerous species of wild birds; this is atypical for avian influenza virus (AIV) infections in these avian species, especially for species within the order Anseriformes. Although these infections document the susceptibility of wild birds to H5N1 HPAI viruses and the spillover of these viruses from infected domestic birds to wild birds, it is unknown whether H5N1 HPAI viruses can persist in free-living avian populations. In a previous study, we established that wood ducks (Aix sponsa) are highly susceptible to infection with H5N1 HPAI viruses. To quanti, this susceptibility and further evaluate the likelihood of H5N1 HPAI viral maintenance in a wild bird population, we determined the concentration of virus required to produce infection in wood ducks. To accomplish this, 25 wood ducks were inoculated intranasally at 12-16 wk of age with decreasing concentrations of a H5N1 HPAI virus (A/Whooper Swan/Mongolia/244/05 [H5N1]). The median infectious dose and the lethal dose of H5N1 HPAI virus in wood ducks were very low (10(0.95) and 10(1.71) median embryo infectious dose [EID50]/ml, respectively) and less than that of chickens (10(2.80) and 10(2.80) EID50/ml). These results confirm that wood ducks are highly susceptible to infection with H5N1 HPAI virus. The data from this study, combined with what is known experimentally about H5N1 HPAI virus infection in wood ducks and viral persistence in aquatic environments, suggest that the wood duck would represent a sensitive indicator species for H5N1 HPAI. Results also suggest that the potential for decreased transmission efficiency associated with Deduced viral shedding (especially from the cloaca) and a loss of environmental fitness (in water), may be offset by the ability of this virus to be transmitted through a very low infectious dose. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Adm Biostat & Epidemiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jbrown@vet.uga.edu NR 20 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 660 EP 667 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 232QL UT WOS:000251034100011 PM 17984261 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Burke, PW Phillips, GE Fischer, JW Seward, NW Wunder, BA Lavelle, MJ AF VerCauteren, Kurt C. Burke, Patrick W. Phillips, Gregory E. Fischer, Justin W. Seward, Nathan W. Wunder, Bruce A. Lavelle, Michael J. TI Elk use of wallows and potential chronic wasting disease transmission SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; chronic wasting disease; elk; transmission; wallow ID MULE DEER; PRION INFECTION; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; BEHAVIOR; TONGUE; BISON AB Deposition of prions into the environment by infected animals may contribute to transmission and spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) among free-ranging cervids, and identification of such environmental sources may provide an avenue for managing CWD. We evaluated the role that wallow use by elk (Cervus elaphus) may play in CWD transmission by monitoring wallows with animal-activated cameras throughout their period of use. We monitored 39 wallows from 5 August 2005 to 14 October 2005. Elk visited 20 sites; we recorded 22 events when only male elk wallowed and 374 additional events when male and female elk had naso-oral contact with wallow contents. Because wallows are foci of male elk activity, behaviors at wallows could potentially contribute to the maintenance and transmission of CWD. Our findings, however, suggest that because wallows are only used an average of one or two times a season they may not be important in CWD transmission. The data also suggest that mineral licks could be more important in CWD transmission because they were used more frequently and by three species that contract CWD. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 784 EP 788 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 232QL UT WOS:000251034100031 PM 17984281 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZH Yang, Z So, CL Hse, CY AF Jiang, Ze-Hui Yang, Zhong So, Chi-Leung Hse, Chung-Yun TI Rapid prediction of wood crystallinity in Pinus elliotii plantation wood by near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy; X-Ray diffraction (XRD); Partial least squares (PLS) regression; slash pine; crystallinity ID CELLULOSE; PULP; SPECTRA; DENSITY; YIELD AB Crystallinity is an important property of woody materials; it responds to tree growth traits, structure, and chemical composition, and has a significant effect on Young's modulus, dimensional stability, density, and hardness, etc. The ability of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis to rapidly predict the crystallinity of slash pine (Pinus elliotii) plantation wood was investigated. The results showed that the NIR data could be correlated with the X-ray diffraction (XRD)-determined crystallinity of slash pine wood by use of partial least squares (PLS) regression, producing excellent coefficients of determination, r (2), and root mean square error of calibration, RMSEC. The use of either reduced spectral ranges or the selection of certain wavelengths consistent with known chemical absorptions did not have any detrimental effect on the quality of PLS models allowing the use of inexpensive, small, and portable spectrometers. These studies show that NIR spectroscopy can be used to rapidly predict the crystallinity of slash pine wood. C1 Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Yang, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM zyang@caf.ac.cn NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1435-0211 J9 J WOOD SCI JI J. Wood Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 449 EP 453 DI 10.1007/s10086-007-0883-y PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 220CF UT WOS:000250133800013 ER PT J AU Cherubini, A Andres-Lacueva, C Martin, A Lauretani, F Di Lorio, A Bartali, B Corsi, A Bandinelli, S Mattson, MP Ferrucci, L AF Cherubini, Antonio Andres-Lacueva, Cristina Martin, Antonio Lauretani, Fulvio Di Lorio, Angelo Bartali, Benedetta Corsi, Annamaria Bandinelli, Stefania Mattson, Mark P. Ferrucci, Luigi TI Low plasma n-3 fatty acids and dementia in older persons: The InCHIANTI study SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; LEARNING-ABILITY; MOUSE MODEL; DECLINE; RISK; DIET; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; ROTTERDAM AB Background. N-3 fatty acids (FA) have an important role in brain development and function. However, there is conflicting evidence concerning the relationship between n-3 FA and dementia in older persons. Methods. In the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTT) study, we measured plasma FA by gas chromatography in 935 community-dwelling older persons randomly extracted from the population of two towns near Florence, Italy. Cognitive impairment was measured using the Mini-Mental Status Examination. Participants who scored <= 26 underwent a detailed clinical and neuropsychological evaluation. The diagnosis of dementia was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Revision (DSM-III-R) criteria. The population was divided in three groups: persons with normal cognitive function, persons with cognitive impairment not demented, and persons with dementia. Results. After adjustment for age, gender, education, body mass index, weight loss, smoking status, cholesterol and triglycerides levels, daily intake of alcohol, FA and total energy, cardiovascular disease, depression and other FA levels, participants with dementia had significantly lower n-3 FA levels (2.9% vs 3.2%; p <.05), particularly alpha-linolenic acid levels (0.34% vs 0.39%; p <.05), than did participants with normal cognitive function. Conclusions. Dementia is associated with low plasma n-3 FA relative concentrations. The possibility that higher n-3 FA intake is associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment should be further investigated in prospective studies. C1 [Cherubini, Antonio] Univ Perugia, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Inst Gerontol & Geriat, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Andres-Lacueva, Cristina] Univ Barcelona, Referenca Tecnol Aliments Generalitat Catalunya, Dept Nutr & Food Sci Xarxa, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. [Martin, Antonio] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lauretani, Fulvio; Bartali, Benedetta; Corsi, Annamaria] Reg Hlth Agcy Tuscany, Florence, Italy. [Di Lorio, Angelo] Univ G DAnnunzio, Dept Med & Sci Aging, Lab Clin Epidemol, Chieti, Italy. [Bandinelli, Stefania] Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Geriat Unit, Florence, Italy. [Mattson, Mark P.] NIA, Intramural Res Program, Neurosci Lab, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Ferrucci, Luigi] NIA, Clin Res Branch, Longitudinal Studies Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Cherubini, A (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Inst Gerontol & Geriat, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. EM acherub@unipg.it RI Mattson, Mark/F-6038-2012; Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/J-3377-2012; Lauretani, Fulvio/K-5115-2016; OI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/0000-0002-8494-4978; Lauretani, Fulvio/0000-0002-5287-9972; Cherubini, Antonio/0000-0003-0261-9897 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AG999999]; NIMHD NIH HHS [R01 MD009164] NR 42 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 10 BP 1120 EP 1126 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 272AF UT WOS:000253829100009 PM 17921425 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 9 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 245VA UT WOS:000251965700004 PM 17311040 ER PT J AU Powers, JG Nash, PB Rhyan, JC Yoder, CA Miller, LA AF Powers, Jenny G. Nash, Paul B. Rhyan, Jack C. Yoder, Christi A. Miller, Lowell A. TI Comparison of immune and adverse effects induced by AdjuVac and Freund's complete adjuvant in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID GNRH VACCINE; ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; RIBI ADJUVANTS; MICE; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; EMULSION; ANTIGEN AB Though Freund's complete adjuvant effectively increases immune response to vaccines in various species, its potentially severe inflammatory effects have led many animal researchers to seek alternative immunological adjuvants. In a study of New Zealand white rabbits, the authors compared the immune and adverse effects of Freund's complete adjuvant with the effects of two formulations of AdjuVac, an immunological adjuvant previously developed by their group. All three adjuvants improved humoral immune response but also caused inflammation. Inflammatory reactions caused by AdjuVac, however, tended to be less severe than those caused by Freund's complete adjuvant. C1 [Powers, Jenny G.; Nash, Paul B.; Rhyan, Jack C.; Yoder, Christi A.; Miller, Lowell A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Powers, JG (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 1201 Oakridge Dr,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM jenny_powers@nps.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 9 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1038/laban1007-51 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 245VA UT WOS:000251965700010 PM 17885664 ER PT J AU Oot, RA Raya, RR Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Kutter, EM Brabban, AD AF Oot, R. A. Raya, R. R. Callaway, T. R. Edrington, T. S. Kutter, E. M. Brabban, A. D. TI Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 and O157 : H7-infecting bacteriophages in feedlot cattle feces SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; cattle; Escherichia coli; O157 : H7; fecal; feedlot; prevalence ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; POPULATION; SHEEP; RUMEN; HOST; TRANSMISSION; PERSISTENCE; RUMINANTS; DIARRHEA; CALVES AB Aim: To estimate the distribution and prevalence of both Escherichia coli O157 and O157:H7-infecting bacteriophages within a 50 000 head commercial beef feedlot. Methods and Results: Escherichia coli O157 was detected in similar to 27% of the individual samples, distributed across seven of the 10 pens screened. In a simple initial screen to detect O157:H7-infecting phages, none were detected in any pen or individual sample. In contrast, after a series of enrichment procedures O157:H7-infecting phages were detected in every pen and in the majority of the samples from most pens; virulent bacteriophages active against E. coli O157:H7 were detected post-enrichment from 39/60 (65%) of the feedlot samples, and 58/60 (similar to 97%) contained phage that infected E. coli B or O157:H7. Conclusions: The data we present here indicates that we may be grossly underestimating the prevalence of O157:H7-infecting phages in livestock if we simply screen samples and that enrichment screening is required to truly determine the presence of phages in these ecosystems. Significance and Impact of the study: Our data suggest that O157:H7-infecting phages may play a role in the ecology and transient colonization of cattle by E. coli O157:H7. Further, this and previous data suggest that before starting in vivo pathogen eradication studies using phage or any other regime, test animals should be enrichment screened for phage to avoid erroneous results. C1 Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. Cerela Conicet, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Brabban, AD (reprint author), Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. EM brabbana@evergreen.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1-R-15 GM63507]; PHS HHS [2-R15 63507-02] NR 49 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02211.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 215SM UT WOS:000249829300017 PM 17897388 ER PT J AU He, XH Chen, GQ Kang, ST McKeon, TA AF He, Xiaohua Chen, Grace Q. Kang, Sung T. McKeon, Thomas A. TI Ricinus communis contains an Acyl-CoA synthetase that preferentially activates ricinoleate to its CoA thioester SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Acyl-CoA synthetase; complementation test; real-time PCR; Ricinus communis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; substrate specificity ID COENZYME-A SYNTHETASE; FATTY-ACID; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; ACCUMULATION; CASTOR; BIOSYNTHESIS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; EXPRESSION; ENDOSPERM AB As part of our effort to identify enzymes that are critical for producing large amounts of ricinoleate in castor oil, we have isolated three cDNAs encoding acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) in the castor plant. Analysis of the cDNA sequences reveals that two of them, designated RcACS 2 and RcACS 4, contain complete coding regions corresponding to 694 and 690 amino acids, respectively. The third cDNA, RcACS 1, encodes a truncated gene sequence. The RcACS 2 and RcACS 4 share 77% identity at the amino acid sequence level. Complementation tests showed that both RcACS 2 and RcACS 4 successfully restored growth of a yeast mutant strain (YB525) deficient in ACS. Lysates from yeast cells expressing RcACS 2 and 4 were enzymatically active when using C-14-labeled oleic acid as a substrate. A cell fractionation study indicates that RcACS 2 and 4 are mainly associated with membranes. Substrate specificity assays indicate that the RcACS 2 preferentially activates ricinoleate, while the RcACS 4 has a preference for nonhydroxy fatty acids. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Seoul Natl Univ Technol, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tmckeon@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 10 BP 931 EP 938 DI 10.1007/s11745-007-3090-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212WL UT WOS:000249627600007 PM 17680295 ER PT J AU Wu, GY Bazer, FW Davis, TA Jaeger, LA Johnson, GA Kim, SW Knabe, DA Meininger, CJ Spencer, TE Yin, YL AF Wu, Guoyao Bazer, Fuller W. Davis, Teresa A. Jaeger, Laurie A. Johnson, Greg A. Kim, Sung Woo Knabe, Darrell A. Meininger, Cynthia J. Spencer, Thomas E. Yin, Yu-Long TI Important roles for the arginine family of amino acids in swine nutrition and production SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE amino acids; biological functions; production performance; pigs ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHESIS; PORCINE MAMMARY TISSUE; PERFUSED-RAT-LIVER; SMALL-INTESTINE; GLUTAMINE-METABOLISM; DIETARY ARGININE; PIG ENTEROCYTES; ALLANTOIC FLUID; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL PIGS AB Arginine, glutamine, glutamate, proline, aspartate, asparagine, ornithine, and citrulline are interconvertible via complex in mall intestine, kidneys, metabolism are the interorgan metabolism in most mammals (including the pig). The major sites for them metabolism and liver, with cortisol being a key regulatory hormone. Because these amino acids (except for ornithine and citrulline) are usually abundant in plant and animal tissue proteins, pig producers have traditionally paid little attention to supplementing the arginine family of amino acids to swine diets. However, results of recent studies indicate that these amino acids serve important regulatory functions in nutrient metabolism and immune response, thereby affecting the efficiency of feed utilization by pigs. Arginine and glutamine are the prototypes with well-defined functions and expanded applications to pork production. Arginine deficiency, induced by a reduction in intestinal synthesis of citrulline, is a major factor limiting maximal growth of milk-fed piglets. Both enzymological and metabolic studies discovered that low availability of N-acetylglutamate in enterocyte mitochondria is responsible for limited synthesis of citrulline from both glutamine and proline in 7- to 21-day-old suckling piglets. Thus, either dietary supplementation with arginine or oral administration of N-carbamylglutamate (a metabolically stable analogue of N-acetylglutamate) increased muscle protein synthesis and body-weight gain in milk-fed piglets. Moreover, dietary supplementation with glutamine to early-weaned piglets prevented intestinal atrophy and improved growth performance. Remarkably, supplementing arginine to the diet of pregnant gilts between days 30 and 114 of gestation markedly increased the number of live-born piglets and litter birth-weight. Large-scale availability of feed-grade arginine and glutamine holds great promise for improving animal health and nutrient utilization in pig production worldwide. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Sci, Dept Syst Biol & Translat Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wu, GY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM g-wu@tamu.edu OI Spencer, Thomas/0000-0003-2815-766X NR 112 TC 111 Z9 131 U1 10 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.07.003 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 227NO UT WOS:000250663600003 ER PT J AU Townsend, SM Hurrell, E Gonzalez-Gomez, I Lowe, J Frye, JG Forsythe, S Badger, JL AF Townsend, Stacy M. Hurrell, Edward Gonzalez-Gomez, Ignacio Lowe, James Frye, Jonathan G. Forsythe, Stephen Badger, Julie L. TI Enterobacter sakazakii invades brain capillary endothelial cells, persists in human macrophages influencing cytokine secretion and induces severe brain pathology in the neonatal rat SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K1; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SERUM RESISTANCE; INFANT FORMULA; POWDERED MILK; IDENTIFICATION; MENINGITIS; PATHOGENESIS; CONTRIBUTES; INVASION AB Enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with contaminated powdered infant formula and a rare cause of Gram-negative sepsis that can develop into meningitis and brain abscess formation in neonates. Bacterial pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, the host inflammatory response was evaluated following intracranial inoculation of Ent. sakazakii into infant rats. Infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils composed multiple inflammatory foci and contained phagocytosed bacteria. Several genotypically distinct Ent. sakazakii strains (16S cluster groups 1-4) were shown to invade rat capillary endothelial brain cells (rBCEC4) in vitro. Further, the persistence of Ent. sakazakii in macrophages varied between strains. The presence of putative sod genes and SOD activity may influence the survival of acidic conditions and macrophage oxidase and contribute to Ent. sakazakii intracellular persistence. The influence of macrophage uptake of Ent. sakazakii on immunoregulatory cytokine expression was assessed by ELISA. This demonstrated that the IL-10/IL-12 ratio is high after 24 h. This is suggestive of a type 2 immune response which is inefficient in fighting intracellular infections. These findings may help explain how the diversity in virulence traits among Ent. sakazakii isolates and an unsuccessful immune response contribute to the opportunistic nature of this infection. C1 Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Biomed & Nat Sci, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Queens Med Ctr NHS Trust, Dept Neurol, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. USDA ARS, Bact Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Townsend, SM (reprint author), Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Biomed & Nat Sci, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. EM stacy.townsend@hotmail.com RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; Forsythe, Stephen/0000-0002-6709-0712 NR 37 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD OCT PY 2007 VL 153 BP 3538 EP 3547 DI 10.1099/mic.0.2007/009316-0 PN 10 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 222ES UT WOS:000250279500032 PM 17906151 ER PT J AU Villacorta, L Azzi, A Zingg, JM AF Villacorta, Luis Azzi, Angelo Zingg, Jean-Marc TI Regulatory role of vitamins E and C on extracellular matrix components of the vascular system SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE alpha-tocopherol; L-ascorbic acid; extracellular matrix; signal transduction; gene regulation; wound repair; VSMC ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR; TOCOPHEROL TRANSFER PROTEIN; D-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; DEPENDENT DEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE AB The protective effect of vitamins E (alpha-tocopherol) and C (L-ascorbic acid) in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been shown in a number of situations but a secure correlation is not universally accepted. Under certain conditions, both, L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol can exhibit antioxidant properties and thus may reduce the formation of oxidized small molecules, proteins and lipids, which are a possible cause of cellular de-regulation. However, non-antioxidant effects have also been suggested to play a role in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E and C can modulate signal transduction and gene expression and thus affect many cellular reactions such as the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, the expression of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules, the production of O-2(-) by NADPH-oxidase, the aggregation of platelets and the inflammatory response. Vitamins E and C may modulate the extracellular matrix environment by affecting VSMC differentiation and the expression of connective tissue proteins involved in vascular remodeling as well as the maintenance of vascular wall integrity. This review summarizes individually the molecular activities of vitamins E and C on the cells within the connective tissue of the vasculature, which are centrally involved in the maintenance of an intact vascular wall as well as in the repair of atherosclerotic lesions during disease development. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol & Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, Buhlstr 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM zin34@swissonline.ch RI Villacorta, Luis/E-8937-2011 OI Villacorta, Luis/0000-0001-7824-7028 NR 195 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5-6 BP 507 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.mam.2007.05.002 PG 31 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 234FD UT WOS:000251145200007 PM 17624419 ER PT J AU Harwood, JD Desneux, N Yoo, HJS Rowley, DL Greenstone, MH Obrycki, JJ O'Neil, RJ AF Harwood, James D. Desneux, Nicolas Yoo, Ho Jung S. Rowley, Daniel L. Greenstone, Matthew H. Obrycki, John J. O'Neil, Robert J. TI Tracking the role of alternative prey in soybean aphid predation by Orius insidiosus: a molecular approach SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; generalist predators; gut-content analysis; Neohydatothrips variabilis; PCR; predator-prey interactions ID GUT-CONTENT-ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GENERALIST PREDATORS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; GLYCINES MATSUMURA; CONTENT ELISA; FOOD-WEBS; APPARENT COMPETITION; SECONDARY PREDATION AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a pest of soybeans in Asia, and in recent years has caused extensive damage to soybeans in North America. Within these agroecosystems, generalist predators form an important component of the assemblage of natural enemies, and can exert significant pressure on prey populations. These food webs are complex and molecular gut-content analyses offer nondisruptive approaches for examining trophic linkages in the field. We describe the development of a molecular detection system to examine the feeding behaviour of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) upon soybean aphids, an alternative prey item, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and an intraguild prey species, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Specific primer pairs were designed to target prey and were used to examine key trophic connections within this soybean food web. In total, 32% of O. insidiosus were found to have preyed upon A. glycines, but disproportionately high consumption occurred early in the season, when aphid densities were low. The intensity of early season predation indicates that O. insidiosus are important biological control agents of A. glycines, although data suggest that N. variabilis constitute a significant proportion of the diet of these generalist predators. No Orius were found to contain DNA of H. axyridis, suggesting intraguild predation upon these important late-season predators during 2005 was low. In their entirety, these results implicate O. insidiosus as a valuable natural enemy of A. glycines in this soybean agroecosystem. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Harwood, JD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, S 225 Agr Sci Ctr N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM james.harwood@uky.edu RI Desneux, Nicolas/J-6262-2013; Yoo, Ho Jung/N-7069-2013 OI Yoo, Ho Jung/0000-0001-9677-0947 NR 60 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 63 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 20 BP 4390 EP 4400 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03482.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 215SQ UT WOS:000249829700015 PM 17784913 ER PT J AU Carbone, I Jakobek, JL Ramirez-Prado, JH Horn, BW AF Carbone, Ignazio Jakobek, Judy L. Ramirez-Prado, Jorge H. Horn, Bruce W. TI Recombination, balancing selection and adaptive evolution in the aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coalescent; compatibility; linkage disequilibrium; recombination blocks ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; SECONDARY METABOLISM; STATISTICAL TESTS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; FLANKING REGIONS; PARASEXUAL CYCLE; MINIMUM NUMBER; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES AB Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic polyketides produced by several Aspergillus species that are known to contaminate agricultural commodities, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. Aflatoxin (AF) biosynthesis is almost fully characterized and involves the coordinated expression of approximately 25 genes clustered in a 70-kb DNA region. Aspergillus parasiticus is an economically important and common agent of AF contamination. Naturally occurring nonaflatoxigenic strains of A. parasiticus are rarely found and generally produce O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST), the immediate precursor of AF. To elucidate the evolutionary forces acting to retain AF and OMST pathway extrolites (chemotypes), we sequenced 21 intergenic regions spanning the entire cluster in 24 A. parasiticus isolates chosen to represent the genetic diversity within a single Georgia field population. Linkage disequilibrium analyses revealed five distinct recombination blocks in the A. parasiticus cluster. Phylogenetic network analyses showed a history of recombination between chemotype-specific haplotypes, as well as evidence of contemporary recombination. We performed coalescent simulations of variation in recombination blocks and found an approximately twofold deeper coalescence for cluster genealogies compared to noncluster genealogies, our internal standard of neutral evolution. Significantly deeper cluster genealogies are indicative of balancing selection in the AF cluster of A. parasiticus and are further corroborated by the existence of trans-species polymorphisms and common haplotypes in the cluster for several closely related species. Estimates of Ka/Ks for representative cluster genes provide evidence of selection for OMST and AF chemotypes, and indicate a possible role of chemotypes in ecological adaptation and speciation. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. RP Carbone, I (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ignazio_carbone@ncsu.edu RI Ramirez-Prado, Jorge/A-3012-2011 NR 69 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 20 BP 4401 EP 4417 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03464.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 215SQ UT WOS:000249829700016 PM 17725568 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Kaput, J Corella, D AF Ordovas, Jose M. Kaput, Jim Corella, Dolores TI Nutrition in the genomics era: Cardiovascular disease risk and the Mediterranean diet SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Mediterranean diet; MUFA; nutrigenetics; single nucleotide polymorphism ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; POLYMORPHISM EXON-1 VARIANT; LOW-FAT DIETS; OLIVE OIL; GENE-EXPRESSION; OLEIC-ACID; POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIPID-METABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL AB The effect of dietary changes on phenotypes (i.e., plasma lipid measures, body weight and blood pressure) differs significantly between individuals. This phenomenon has been more extensively researched in relation to changes in dietary fat and plasma lipid concentrations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to other pathological conditions. Although common knowledge associates low fat diets with reductions in total and plasma LDL cholesterol, the clinical evidence shows dramatic inter-individual differences in response that are partially due to genetic factors. The discovery of the card i oprotective and other healthy properties of the Mediterranean diet has popularized the consumption of Mediterranean products such as olive oil. Molecular, clinical, and epidemiological studies have begun to shed some light about how various components of this diet may protect the cardiovascular system and to decrease the risk of other diseases such as cancer. However, it is also possible that the right combination of genetic, cultural, socioeconomic factors is needed to achieve full benefit. It has been proposed that the Mediterranean diet may be closer to the ancestral foods that were part of human development and our metabolism may have evolved to work optimally on such a diet rather than with the cut-rent diets richer in saturated fat and highly refined and processed foods. Therefore, it is possible that alleles that are associated with increase disease risk may be silenced in the presence of that more ancestral and traditional diet and lifestyle. This knowledge may provide the basis for successful public health as well individual approaches for disease prevention. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Illinois, Lab Nutrigenom Med, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776, HL72524]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK075030]; NIMHD NIH HHS [MD00222] NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1293 EP 1299 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200700041 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 224TW UT WOS:000250470400012 PM 17879995 ER PT J AU Ye, W Giblin-Davis, RM Davies, KA Purcell, MF Scheffer, SJ Taylor, GS Center, TD Morris, K Thomas, WK AF Ye, Weimin Giblin-Davis, Robin M. Davies, Kerrie A. Purcell, Matthew F. Scheffer, Sonja J. Taylor, Gary S. Center, Ted D. Morris, Krystalynne Thomas, W. Kelley TI Molecular phylogenetics and the evolution of host plant associations in the nematode genus Fergusobia (Tylenchida : Fergusobiinae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; Fergusobia; Fergusonina; host specificity; LSU; molecular phylogenetics; mtCOI; mutualism; Myrtaceae; nematode; SSU ID PRATYLENCHUS-COFFEAE; MELALEUCA MYRTACEAE; FLIES DIPTERA; SEQUENCES; RDNA; 18S; DNA; FERGUSONINIDAE; CLASSIFICATION; SECERNENTEA AB Fergusobia nematodes (Tylenchida: Fergusobiinae) and Fergusonina flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) are putative mutualists that develop together in galls formed in meristematic tissues of many species of the plant family Myrtaceae in Australasia. Fergusobia nematodes were sampled from a variety of myrtaceous hosts and gall types from Australia and one location in New Zealand between 1999 and 2006. Evolutionary relationships of these isolates were inferred from phylogenetic analyses of the DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA near-full length small subunit (up to 1689 bp for 21 isolates), partial large subunit D2/D3 domain (up to 889 bp for 87 isolates), partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (618 bp for 82 isolates), and combined D2/D3 and mtCOI (up to 1497 bp for 66 isolates). The SSU data supported a monophyletic Fergusobia genus within a paraphyletic Howardula. A clade of Drosophila-associated Howardula, including Howardula aoronymphium, was the closest sequenced sister group. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences from D2/D3 and mtCOI, separately and combined, revealed many monophyletic clades within Fergusobia. The relationships inferred by D2/D3 and mtCOI were congruent with some exceptions. Well-supported clades were generally consistent with host plant species and gall type. However, phylogenetic analysis suggested host switching or putative hybridization events in many groups, except the lineage of shoot bud gallers on the broad-leaved Melaleuca species complex. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Hubbard Ctr Genome Studies, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Ctr Evolut Biol & Biodivers, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. USDA, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Giblin-Davis, RM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM giblin@ufl.edu RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 NR 57 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 123 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.027 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 221UQ UT WOS:000250253200011 PM 17434761 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Tarara, JM Smithyman, RP AF Schreiner, R. Paul Tarara, Julie M. Smithyman, Russell P. TI Deficit irrigation promotes arbuscular colonization of fine roots by mycorrhizal fungi in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in an arid climate SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE Cabernet Sauvignon; drought stress; mycorrhiza; root growth ID CABERNET-SAUVIGNON GRAPEVINE; WATER-USE; NUTRIENT CONTENT; DROUGHT STRESS; WINE QUALITY; GROWTH; SYSTEM; PLANT; MANAGEMENT; NUTRITION AB Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is a common practice applied in irrigated vineyards to control canopy growth and improve fruit quality, but little is known of how imposed water deficits may alter root growth and colonization by beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Thus, root growth and mycorrhizal colonization were determined throughout the growing season for 3 years in own-rooted, field-grown, `Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines exposed to three RDI treatments. Vines under standard RDI were irrigated at 60 to 70% of full-vine evapotranspiration (FVET) from 2 weeks after fruit set until harvest, a standard commercial practice. Early deficit vines were exposed to a more extreme deficit (30% FVET) during the period from 2 weeks after fruit set until the commencement of ripening (veraison), and thereafter reverted to standard RDI. Late deficit vines were under standard RDI until veraison, then exposed to a more extreme deficit (30% FVET) between veraison and harvest. The production of fine roots was reduced in both the early and late deficit treatments, but the reduction was more consistent in the early deficit vines because the additional deficit was imposed when roots were more rapidly growing. The frequency of arbuscules in fine roots was greater in both of the additional deficit treatments than in the standard RDI, a response that appeared chronic, as the higher frequency of arbuscules was observed throughout the season despite the additional deficits being applied at discrete times. It appears that grapevines compensated for a lower density of fine roots by stimulating arbuscular colonization. Irrigation did not affect yield or quality of grapes, but reduced whole-vine photosynthesis during the additional deficit periods. It appears that high-quality grapes can be produced in this region with less water than that applied under the current RDI practice because the root system of the vine may be more efficient due to greater arbuscular colonization by AMF. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM schreinr@science.oregonstate.edu NR 52 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s00572-007-0128-3 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 215FQ UT WOS:000249794100001 PM 17404761 ER PT J AU Vora, RS Tyrrell, LE Anderson, CE AF Vora, Robin S. Tyrrell, Lucy E. Anderson, Chel E. TI A six-step approach for identifying and prioritizing potential research natural areas, Superior National Forest, Minnesota SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE inventory; National Forest Plan revision; representation; research natural areas AB To identify and prioritize natural areas for consideration as research natural areas (RNAs) on the Superior National Forest (National Forest hereafter NF) in northeastern Minnesota, we developed a six-step approach that could be applied to natural area selection anywhere. Our goal was to select a limited number of sites to represent the NF's landscape and local ecosystem diversity. We also sought to minimize management conflicts. The steps are: (1) review existing information to create a list of potential sites; (2) develop a scoring system and score sites based on attributes that assess "natural area" quality of sites from maps, data, and other office information; (3) list ecosystems represented by each site and review sites based on their quality scores and the ecosystems they represent; (4) conduct field evaluations to confirm ecosystem quality for as many high scoring sites as feasible; (5) integrate the information from steps 1-4 with regional and local guidelines for conservation goals, ecosystem representation, and standards for site quality; and (6) review sites to minimize management conflicts and to maximize ecosystem representation and document the findings. Even with limited funds, using the six steps, we pared down the list from 114 to 41 sites for consideration in forest planning. Managers later used results to select 11 of the 4 1. sites for RNA establishment. C1 US Forest Serv, Aurora, MN USA. US Forest Serv, Rhinelander, WI USA. Nat Resources County Biol Survey, Minnesota Dept, Grand Marais, MN USA. RP Vora, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM rvora@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[366:ASAFIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 222JG UT WOS:000250291700009 ER PT J AU Holden, RM Booth, SL AF Holden, Rachel M. Booth, Sarah L. TI Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: the role of vitamin K SO NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MATRIX GLA PROTEIN; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; DIETARY-INTAKE; WOMEN C1 Queens Univ, Dept Med, Kingston, ON K7L 2V6, Canada. Tufts Univ, Vitamin K Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Holden, RM (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Med, 3048C Eherington Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 2V6, Canada. EM holdenr@kgh.kari.net NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1745-8323 J9 NAT CLIN PRACT NEPHR JI Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 10 BP 522 EP 523 DI 10.1038/ncpneph0601 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 214BC UT WOS:000249710000002 PM 17768408 ER PT J AU Dickens, JC AF Dickens, Joseph C. TI Sexual contact influences orientation to plant attractant in Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE kairomone; behavioral change; colorado potato beetle; olfaction; leptinotarsa decemlineata; mating; sexual contact ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; HOST PLANTS; PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; VOLATILES; LEPIDOPTERA; INHIBITION; RESPONSES; INSECT; AGE AB Chemical signals emitted by insects and their hosts are important for sexual communication and host selection. Plant volatiles facilitate the location of suitable hosts for feeding and oviposition, and may moderate responses to sex and aggregation pheromones. While mating has been shown to moderate behavioral responses to pheromones in a number of insects, little is known about the effects of mating on behavioral responses of insects to plant attractants, and even less is known about the mechanisms involved. In this study, mating was shown to decrease behavioral responses of the Colorado potato beetle to a host kairomone within 24 h, and attraction to the kairomone recovers only after 72 h. This decrease in responsiveness also occurs when only contact with the opposite sex is allowed; the effect is not observed with contact among individuals of the same sex. Peripheral olfactory responses to a component of the kairomone correlate with the observed behavioral responses and suggest involvement of antennal receptors in the behavioral change. C1 USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dickensj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 EI 1432-1904 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD OCT PY 2007 VL 94 IS 10 BP 847 EP 852 DI 10.1007/s00114-007-0261-z PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 207PU UT WOS:000249263900007 PM 17563865 ER PT J AU Zhao, AP Sun, R Stiltz, J Urran, J Shea-Donohue, T AF Zhao, Aiping Sun, Rex Stiltz, Jennifer Urran, Joseph Shea-Donohue, Terez TI Arginase-I plays a pivotal role in host defense against enteric nematode infection in mice SO NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE inflammation; intestine; smooth muscle; macrophage; arginase I; mice C1 [Zhao, Aiping; Sun, Rex; Stiltz, Jennifer; Shea-Donohue, Terez] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Urran, Joseph] USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-1925 J9 NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL JI Neurogastroenterol. Motil. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 19 SU 3 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 219SN UT WOS:000250105100071 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Snyder, S Wise, DJ Mischke, CC AF Mitchell, Andrew J. Snyder, Scott Wise, David J. Mischke, Charles C. TI Evaluating pond shoreline treatments of slurried hydrated lime for reducing marsh rams-horn snail populations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; PLANORBELLA-TRIVOLVIS; BOLBOPHORUS-CONFUSUS; CITRIC-ACID; TEMPERATURE; AQUACULTURE AB Trematode parasites can cause massive infections in commercially raised fish. The most promising approach for the control of these infections is the reduction or elimination of snails that serve as vectors for the trematodes. A recent approach, the application of high concentrations of slurried hydrated time (SHL) or copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) along pond margins (shoreline treatment), has shown promise in reducing populations of the marsh rams-horn snail Planorbella trivolvis (the snail vector of Bolbophorus damnificus and Clinostomum marginatum) in experimental ponds. While CSP has been shown to effectively reduce snail numbers, treatment efficacy and application methods using SHL have not been well defined. Four SHL treatments were evaluated for their ability to kill marsh rains-horn snails in experimental units designed to mimic commercial aquaculture ponds. The treatments were applied at water temperatures of 75-79 degrees F (24-26 degrees C), total alkalinity of 137-257 mg CaCO3/L of water, and total hardness of 86-120 mg CaCO3/L. All tested SHL applications reduced snail numbers; however, the applications of 100 lb of hydrated time per 100 linear feet (3-ft swath) and 175 lb per 100 ft (6-ft swath) were the most effective, resulting in 97.2% and 98.3% reductions in snail survival, respectively. C1 Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Cultur Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, POB 1050,2955 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1577/A06-065.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232SV UT WOS:000251040600004 ER PT J AU Davis, KB Goudie, CA Simco, BA AF Davis, Kenneth B. Goudie, Cheryl A. Simco, Bill A. TI Sex genotype and sex phenotype contribute to growth differences between male and female channel catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TRAITS; SELECTION; CULTURE; WEIGHT; SALMON; PERCH; BLOOD; FISH AB Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus have an XX female-XY male genotypic system of Sex determination, and male channel catfish grow faster than females. Through selective breeding and appropriately timed hormone administration, we have produced phenotypic male channel catfish with a YY sex genotype and female channel catfish with an XY or YY sex genotype. In this study, we evaluated the relative role of sex genotype and sex phenotype in regulating sexually dimorphic growth in this important aquaculture species. Ten families of genotypic XY male fish were produced by matings of normal XX female fish with YY male fish, and females were produced by hormonal feminization of a subsample from each family. The growth rate and body composition of sibling males and females in ponds where the sexes were maintained together were compared with those in ponds where the sexes were maintained separately. Generally, phenotypic males had higher body weight (15.25% and 11.36% when the sexes were together or separated, respectively), standard length (3.28% and 2.24%, respectively), and condition factor (2.94 and 2.65, respectively), while phenotypic females had higher liposomatic index (7.11% and 13.69%, respectively) and dress-out percentage (0.91% and 1.06%, respectively). Statistical differences between the phenotypic sexes were not as consistent as observed in previous studies with normal males and females because growth and body composition differences were enhanced when the sexes were maintained together; however, monosex culture restrained these differences. These results demonstrate that sex genotype and sex phenotype both contribute to the male growth advantage in channel catfish and provide further evidence that monosex male culture would produce an economic gain of about 5% for the industry compared with conventional mixed-sex culture. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Memphis State Univ, Ecol Res Ctr, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kenneth.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1577/A06-057.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232SV UT WOS:000251040600006 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Tucker, CS Mischke, CC AF Schrader, Kevin K. Tucker, Craig S. Mischke, Charles C. TI Preliminary pond evaluation of a natural-based algicide for managing musty off-flavor in channel catfish aquaculture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM OSCILLATORIA-PERORNATA; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; GEOSMIN; CHALYBEA; PLANKTON AB Environmentally derived "off-flavors" such as "earthy" and "musty" in cultured channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus are attributed to the presence of certain species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in ponds. The musty off-flavor is caused by absorption of the metabolite 2-methyl-isoborneol (MIB) into channel catfish flesh. Most channel catfish producers manage off-flavor episodes by the application of algicides; however, these algicides have high environmental persistence and broad-spectrum toxicity. Recent research has discovered several natural and natural-based quinones that are effective and selective in reducing the abundance of the MIB-producing cyanobacterium Planktothrix perornata. In this study, efficacy testing of one of these quinones, anthraquinone-59, in a channel catfish pond found that it is effective in reducing the abundance of P. perornata and subsequently lowering the MIB levels in channel catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Res Ctr, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Res Ctr, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Univ Ave, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kschrader@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 360 EP 366 DI 10.1577/A06-074.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232SV UT WOS:000251040600011 ER PT J AU Hershberger, WK Hostuttler, MA AF Hershberger, William K. Hostuttler, Mark A. TI Protocols for more effective induction of tetraploid rainbow trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID 1ST CLEAVAGE; FERTILIZATION; PLOIDY; HEAT AB Practical use of tetraploids in culture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to make triploid production fish depends on (1) the effectiveness of the induction process and (2) the ability of tetraploids to reproduce and yield viable offspring. Investigations were undertaken to develop a protocol for the induction of tetraploidy to compensate for differences in time to first cleavage (i.e., first cleavage interval [FCI]). Small aliquots of eggs (similar to 500) from individual females were immediately fertilized and evaluated for FCI. The remaining eggs were stored at 4 degrees C for less than 24 h and were subjected to varying hydrostatic pressures at different initiation times and durations of treatment based on FCI. Tne most successful protocol involved treatment at 9,000 lb/ in(2)(633 kg/cm(2)) for 8 min starting at 62-65% of the FCI for two strains, while the results for the third strain were less clear and need further investigation. Observed population-level changes FCI over one generation of culture in our facilities reinforced the desirability of using protocols that varied with FCI. With the variation noted in FCI and the lack of information on its control, we recommend that treatment initiation be based on FCI analysis of a sample of eggs from each female used for tetraploidy induction. Although more research is needed to optimize the yield from this approach to triploid production, there is the potential for the selection of the best tetraploid lines to predictably generate genetically improved triploid rainbow trout for aquaculture. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cool Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hershberger, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cool Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bill.hershberger@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1577/A06-022.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232SV UT WOS:000251040600012 ER PT J AU Minchew, CD Beecham, RV Pearson, PR Green, BW Kim, JM Bailey, SB AF Minchew, C. Douglas Beecham, Rachel V. Pearson, Philip R. Green, Bartholomew W. Kim, Jin M. Bailey, Susan B. TI The effects of harvesting and hauling on the blood physiology and fillet quality of market-size channel catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; STRESS RESPONSES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; RAINBOW-TROUT; TRANSPORT; CAPTURE; GLUCOSE; FISH; CONFINEMENT; STOCKING AB Commercially produced, food-size channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus that were harvested using routine procedures had significant elevations in plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate compared with preharvest fish captured from open ponds. Blood samples were taken from 10 fish in each of two treatments (liquid oxygen diffuser- and paddlewheel-aerated holding socks) and four sampling periods (before harvest, after socking, before loading, and before unloading) during each of 10 harvest events. Water column temperatures averaged approximately 27 degrees C during the study. Ten fillet samples were taken from fish held overnight in paddlewheel- and liquid oxygen-aerated holding socks during some harvest events. Mean plasma cortisol levels averaged 3.02 ng/mL before harvest, 84.38 ng/mL immediately after socking, 135.22 ng/mL after 18 h in the sock (i.e., before loading onto the truck), and 128.54 ng/mL after 2-3 h on the truck (i.e., before unloading). Mean plasma glucose levels averaged 34.7 mg/dL before harvest, 95.41 mg/dL after socking, 134.53 mg/dL before loading, and 134.86 mg/dL before unloading. Mean plasma lactate levels averaged 2.43 mmol/L before harvest, 13.24 mmol/L after socking, 11.53 mmol/L before loading, and 7.88 mmol/L before unloading. These results should not be considered maximal until additional studies are conducted with average water temperatures at their highest. There were significant changes within treatment over 7 d of refrigerated storage for fillet pH, color, and drip loss; however, there were no consistent trends between treatments. Results indicate that routine capture and hauling procedures are stressful to commercially produced, food-size channel catfish under the examined conditions and that using liquid oxygen for aerating fish in holding socks does not significantly improve fillet quality or reduce stress levels. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Ext Ctr, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi Valley State Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Itta Bena, MS 38941 USA. USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. So Yangtze univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Jiangsu 214036, Peoples R China. Mississippi State Univ, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Delta Res & Ext Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Minchew, CD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Ext Ctr, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mail Stop 9753,Scale Bldg, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dminchew@drec.msstate.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1577/A06-061.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232SV UT WOS:000251040600013 ER PT J AU Sealey, WM Barrows, FT Johansen, KA Overturf, K LaPatra, SE Hardy, RW AF Sealey, Wendy M. Barrows, Frederic T. Johansen, Katherine A. Overturf, Kenneth LaPatra, Scott E. Hardy, Ronald W. TI Evaluation of the ability of partially autolyzed yeast and Grobiotic-A to improve disease resistance in rainbow trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID X MORONE-SAXATILIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; BREWERS-YEAST; AQUACULTURE; PROBIOTICS; CACHEXIA; DIETS AB We evaluated the ability of partially autolyzed yeast and Grobiotic-A to improve immune response and disease resistance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Experimental diets were prepared by adding partially autolyzed yeast or Grobiotic-A to a practical trout diet at the manufacturer-recommended level of 2%; the control was the same diet without supplementation. Rainbow trout (initial weight = approximately 14.3 g) were cultured in 145-L fiberglass tanks (50 fish/tank; 3 tanks/diet) in a freshwater flow through system. Fish were hand-fed the diets to apparent satiation 3 times/d, 6 d/week for 9 weeks. At 3 and 9 weeks postweighing, fish were sampled to determine respiratory burst activity, plasma protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression. At the conclusion of the feeding trial (9 weeks), fish remaining after sampling were pooled by diet; one subsample was examined for the ability to respond humorally to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and another subsample was challenged by intraperitoneal injection with IHNV. Dietary inclusion of 2% partially autolyzed yeast or Grobiotic-A had no negative impacts on health or growth of rainbow trout. In contrast, although substantial variability was observed for immune response variables, use of 2% partially autolyzed yeast or Grobiotic-A produced striking improvements in survival of rainbow trout after experimental challenge with IHNV. C1 Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Res Div, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM wsealey@uidaho.edu NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.1577/A06-080.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232SV UT WOS:000251040600017 ER PT J AU Ludwig, GM Lochmann, SE AF Ludwig, Gerald M. Lochmann, Steve E. TI Effect of tank stocking density on larval sunshine bass growth and survival to the fingerling stage SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID MORONE-CHRYSOPS; CULTURE; ROTIFER; PONDS; FRY AB Determining optimum parameters for tank Culture of sunshine bass (white bass Morone chrysops X striped bass M. saxatilis) fingerlings will facilitate a year-round supply of seed for the production cycle of this increasingly popular food fish. This experiment determined the relationship between the stocking density of sunshine bass larvae in tanks and their survival rate and size at the tune they were trained to accept commercial feeds. Four-day posthatch (dph) larvae were stocked at 10 densities from 30 to 120 larvae/L in 10-larvae/L increments. Larvae were initially fed rotifers Brachionus plicatilis cultured with Nannochloropsis spp. algae paste and commercial rotifer feed at 60 rotifers center dot mL(-1)center dot d(-1) until 10 dph. Conversion to brine shrimp Artemia spp. began at 7 dph. The daily ration of brine shrimp started at 4/mL and increased by 4/mL every 4 d up to 20/mL. Training to dry starter feed began at 20 dph when 6 g/d of it commercial larval starter meal was offered; 2 d later, salmon starter meal was offered at 8 g/d in 10 equal portions. Photographs of live samples of larvae taken at 4 dph and harvest were used to determine the lengths of the fish. Regression analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between survival and stocking density. The length and weight of the fish had it linear, negative relationship with stocking density, whereas total tank yield had a curvilinear relationship with stocking density, Under the conditions of this experiment, a stocking density of 87 larvae/L provided the maximum yield. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Ludwig, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM gludwig@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.1577/A06-062.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232SV UT WOS:000251040600018 ER PT J AU Boateng, JA Verghese, M Walker, LT Shackelford, LA Chawan, CB AF Boateng, Judith A. Verghese, Martha Walker, Lloyd T. Shackelford, Louis A. Chawan, Chandramohan B. TI Inhibitory effects of selected dry beans (Phaseolus spp L) on azoxymethane-induced formation of aberrant crypt foci in Fisher 344 male rats SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aberrant crypt foci; azoxymethane; bioactive components; dry beans; rats ID COLON-TUMOR DEVELOPMENT; AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; VULGARIS L.; IN-VITRO; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; ACID FORMATION; BILE-ACIDS; F344 RATS; FIBER AB Dry beans (Phaseolus spp. L) contain several bioactive components or compounds that have been linked to the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the anticarcinogenic potential of dry beans: pinto beans (P), black-eyed peas (13), and soybeans (S) on Azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Fisher 344 male rats. After a 1-week acclimatization period, 40 rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups, control (C) received AIN-93G diet; groups P, B, and S received the treatment diets consisting of C+20% levels of the above mentioned beans. Rats in the fifth group served as negative control. At 7 and 8 weeks of age, all rats except the negative controls received subcutaneous injection of AOM at 16 mg/kg body weight. Rats were euthanized at 17 weeks of age by CO2 asphyxiation. ACF (mean +/- SEM) ranged from 41 4 to 183 23 in rats fed C, P, B and S. ACF reductions compared with the C were 64%, 77%, and 56% in rats fed P, 13, and S, respectively. Glutathione S-transferase activities were significantly higher (P < .05) in rats fed selected dry beans compared to C. There were no significant differences in weight gain among the rats. Our findings indicate that dry beans reduced AOM-induced aberrant crypt foci (preneoplastic marker) in F344 male rats. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Nutr Carcinogenesis Lab, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA, AMS Poultry Program, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Verghese, M (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Nutr Carcinogenesis Lab, POB 1628, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM martha.verghese@aamu.edu NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 10 BP 640 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.07.004 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 227AT UT WOS:000250630300007 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Blumberg, JB AF Ribaya-Mercado, Judy D. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Vitamin A: Is it a risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fracture? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE vitamin A; retinol; bone; osteoporosis; fracture ID RETINOL-DILUTION TECHNIQUE; TOTAL-BODY STORES; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TERM ETRETINATE THERAPY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; MINERAL DENSITY; HYPERVITAMINOSIS-A; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HIP FRACTURE; PLASMA KINETICS AB Results from observational studies of the association between vitamin A intake or serum concentration and bone mineral density or fracture are mixed. The inconsistencies may be due, in part, to difficulties in obtaining an accurate assessment of vitamin A intake or status. Serum retinol is a poor measure of vitamin A status because it is subject to homeostatic control. Stable- isotope-dilution methodology gives a validated assessment of the total-body and liver vitamin A stores and is recommended in future studies on vitamin A status and osteoporosis. The potential for exacerbating an already serious public health problem with intakes of vitamin A currently considered safe indicates further research into this matter is warranted. Key words: vitamin A, retinol, bone, osteoporosis, fracture (C) 2007 International Life Sciences Institute C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ribaya-Mercado, JD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM judy.ribaya-mercado@tufts.edu RI Ghavidel Parsa, Pooneh/G-5305-2012 NR 73 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMER PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 65 IS 10 BP 425 EP 438 DI 10.1301/nr.2007.oct.425-438 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 223LJ UT WOS:000250371500001 PM 17972437 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Kaneta, R Sullivan, FF Bishop, HS Qvarnstrom, Y da Silva, AJ Robinson, DG AF Hollingsworth, Robert G. Kaneta, Rachel Sullivan, Fames F. Bishop, Henry S. Qvarnstrom, Yvonne da Silva, Alexandre J. Robinson, David G. TI Distribution of Parmarion cf. martensi (Pulmonata : Helicarionidae), a new semi-slug pest on Hawai'i Island, and its potential as a vector for human angiostrongyliasis SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIC MENINGITIS; MOLLUSCAN HOSTS; CANTONENSIS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PARASITE AB The semi-slug Parmarion cf. martensi Simroth, 1893, was first discovered on O'ahu, Hawai'i, in 1996 and then on the island of Hawai'i in 2004. This species, which is probably native to Southeast Asia, is abundant in eastern Hawai'i Island, reportedly displacing the Cuban slug, Veronicella cubensis (Pfeiffer, 1840), in some areas. A survey in July-August 2005 found P. cf. martensi primarily in the lower Puna area of Hawai'i Island, with an isolated population in Kailua-Kona (western Hawai'i Island). It is now established in commercial papaya plantations, and survey participants reported it as a pest of lettuce and papaya in home gardens. Survey respondents considered P. cf. martensi a pest also because of its tendency to climb on structures where it deposits its feces and because of its potential to transmit disease. Individuals of this species were found to carry large numbers of infective third-stage larvae of the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935), the causative agent of human angiostrongyliasis and the most common cause of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Using a newly developed polymerase chain reaction test, 77.5% of P. cf. martensi collected at survey sites were found infected with A. cantonensis, compared with 24.3% of V. cubensis sampled from the same areas. The transmission potential of this species may be higher than that for other slugs and snails in Hawai'i because of the high prevalence of infection, worm burdens, and its greater association with human habitations, increasing the possibility of human-mollusk interactions. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn Conjunct, Decatur, GA USA. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM rholling@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[457:DOPCMP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 201NT UT WOS:000248839700002 ER PT J AU Christy, MT Clark, CS Gee, DE Vice, D Vice, DS Warner, MP Tyrrell, CL Rodda, GH Savidge, FA AF Christy, Michelle T. Clark, Craig S. Gee, David E., II Vice, Diane Vice, Daniel S. Warner, Mitchell P. Tyrrell, Claudine L. Rodda, Gordon H. Savidge, Fulie A. TI Recent records of alien anurans on the Pacific Island of Guam SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RANA-LIMNOCHARIS AMPHIBIA; EAST-ASIAN POPULATIONS; BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; INTRODUCED SNAKE; RICE FROG; EXTINCTION; PREDATOR; FOREST; AUSTRALIA; EVOLUTION AB Eight anuran species were recorded for the first time in Guam in the period May 2003-December 2005, all apparently the result of arrivals to the island since 2000. Three of the eight species (Rana guentheri, Polypedates megacephalus, and Eleutherodactylus planirostris) had well-established breeding populations by 2005. A further three (Fejervarya cf. lininocharis, Fejervarya cancrivora, and Microhyla pulchra) were recorded from a number of individuals, but it is not known whether these species have established breeding populations. Two species (Kaloula pulchra and Eleurherodactylus coqui) appear to be incidental transportations to the island that have not established. Before 2003, five anuran species, all introductions, had been recorded from Guam. Three of these, Polypedates leucomystax, Pseudacris regilla, and Kaloula picta, were detected on Guam in incoming cargo but destroyed. Two species established: Bufo marinus was deliberately introduced and the Australian hylid Litoria fallax was probably an accidental introduction. Successful establishment of anurans on Guam has increased the risk of frog introductions to nearby islands. By providing additional food sources for the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis), anuran introductions have increased the chance that B. irregularis might substantially increase in numbers and in turn increase the risk of the snake being accidentally transported to other islands. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Barrigada Heights, GU 96913 USA. Guam Dept Agr, Div Aquat & Wildlife Resources, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Christy, MT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM shell@lamar.colostate.edu NR 73 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 469 EP 483 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[469:RROAAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 201NT UT WOS:000248839700003 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Applewhaite, L Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Bandini, LA Kwok, OCH Hill, R Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Applewhaite, L. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Bandini, L. A. Kwok, O. C. H. Hill, R. Su, C. TI Molecular and biological characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free-range chickens from Guyana, South America identified several unique and common parasite genotypes SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Guyana; genotype ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; COSTA-RICA; SAO-PAULO; STRAINS; BRAZIL; PREVALENCE; COLOMBIA; INFECTIONS; ARGENTINA AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens (Gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 76 free-range chickens from Guyana, South America was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 50 (65.8%) of 76 chickens with titres of 1 :5 in four, I : 10 in one, 1 : 20 in five, I : 40 in seven, 1 : 80 in six, 1 :160 in eight, 1 :320 in four, 1 : 640 or higher in 15. Hearts and brains of 26 chickens with titres of < 1 :5 were pooled in 5 batches and bioassayed in mice. Hearts and brains of 50 chickens with titres of 1 :5 or higher were bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 35 chickens with MAT titres of 1 :20 or higher. All mice inoculated with tissues of 30 infected chickens remained asymptomatic. Toxoplasma gondii isolates from 35 chickens were genotyped using I I PCR-RFLP markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, a new SAG2, and Apico. A total of 9 genotypes were identified, with 5 genotypes (nos 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7) unique to Guyana, 2 genotypes (nos 2 and 3) previously identified in chickens from Brazil, I genotype (no. 8) previously identified in chickens from Brazil, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, and 1 genotype (no. 9) belonging to the clonal type III lineage that exists globally. Infection with 2 genotypes was found from I chicken. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. goudii isolates from any host from Guyana. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubev@anri.barc.uscla.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 134 BP 1559 EP 1565 DI 10.1017/S0031182007003083 PN 11 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 216MI UT WOS:000249881700005 PM 17572931 ER PT J AU Voruganti, VS Goring, HHH Diego, VP Cai, G Mehta, NR Haack, K Cole, SA Butte, NF Comuzzie, AG AF Voruganti, V. Saroja Goering, Harald H. H. Diego, Vincent P. Cai, Guowen Mehta, Nitesh R. Haack, Karin Cole, Shelley A. Butte, Nancy F. Comuzzie, Anthony G. TI Genome-wide scan for serum ghrelin detects linkage on chromosome 1p36 in Hispanic children: Results from the viva la familia study SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; PLASMA GHRELIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FOOD-INTAKE; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESE CHILDREN; IGF-I; ADOLESCENTS; GENE AB This study was conducted to investigate genetic influence on serum ghrelin and its relationship with adiposity-related phenotypes in Hispanic children (n = 1030) from the Viva La Familia study (VFS). Anthropometric measurements and levels of serum ghrelin were estimated and genetic analyses conducted according to standard procedures. Mean age, body mass index (BMI), and serum ghrelin were 11 - 0.13 y, 25 - 0.24 ka/m(2) and 38 +/- 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. Significant heritabilities (p, < 0.001) were obtained for BMI, weight, fat mass, percent fat, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and ghrelin. Bivariate analyses of ghrelin with adiposity traits showed significant negative genetic correlations) < 0.0001) with weight, BMI, fat mass, percent fat, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. A genome-wide scan for ghrelin detected significant linkage on chromosome 1p36.2 between STR markers D1S2697 and D1S199 (LOD = 3.2). The same region on chromosome I was the site of linkage for insulin (LOD 3.3), insulinlike growth factor binding protein I (IGFBP1) (LOD 3.4), homeostatic model assessment method (HOMA) (LOD = 2.9), and C-peptide (LOD = 2.0). Several family-based studies have reported linkages for obesity-related phenotypes in the region of 1p36. These results indicate the importance children from the VFS. C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Voruganti, VS (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM svorugan@sfbrgenctics.or OI Diego, Vincent/0000-0002-0007-2085 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 C06 RR13556-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH59490] NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31813cbf02 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216FC UT WOS:000249862900011 PM 17667848 ER PT J AU Munroe, JS Doolittle, JA Kanevskiy, MZ Hinkel, KM Nelson, FE Jones, BM Shur, Y Kimble, JM AF Munroe, Jeffrey S. Doolittle, Jim A. Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z. Hinkel, Kenneth M. Nelson, Frederick E. Jones, Benjamin M. Shur, Yuri Kimble, John M. TI Application of ground-penetrating radar imagery for three-dimensional visualisation of near-surface structures in ice-rich permafrost, Barrow, Alaska SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; ground-penetrating radar; ice-wedge polygons; permafrost ID THAW LAKE BASINS; 3-D FLUID PERMEABILITY; ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES; GEORADAR; CANADA; TUNDRA; LAYER AB Three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar (3D GPR) was used to investigate the subsurface structure of ice-wedge polygons and other features of the frozen active layer and near-surface permafrost near Barrow, Alaska. Surveys were conducted at three sites located on landscapes of different geomorphic age. At each site, sediment cores were collected and characterised to aid interpretation of GPR data. At two sites, 3D GPR was able to delineate subsurface ice-wedge networks with high fidelity. Three-dimensional GPR data also revealed a fundamental difference in ice-wedge morphology between these two sites that is consistent with differences in landscape age. At a third site, the combination of two-dimensional and 3D GPR revealed the location of an active frost boil with ataxitic cryostructure. When supplemented by analysis of soil cores, 3D GPR offers considerable potential for imaging, interpreting and 3D mapping of near-surface soil and ice structures in permafrost environments. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Munroe, Jeffrey S.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Doolittle, Jim A.] USDA, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.; Shur, Yuri] Univ Alaska, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Hinkel, Kenneth M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Nelson, Frederick E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, UD Permafrost Grp, Newark, DE USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kimble, John M.] USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Munroe, JS (reprint author), Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. EM jmunroe@middlebury.edu NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1045-6740 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 309 EP 321 DI 10.1002/ppp.594 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 246WX UT WOS:000252040100001 ER PT J AU Barbosa, RC Riet-Correa, F Lima, EF Medeiros, RMT Guedes, KMR Gardner, DR Molyneux, RJ de Melo, LEH AF Barbosa, Rossemberg C. Riet-Correa, Franklin Lima, Everton F. Medeiros, Rosane M. T. Guedes, Karla M. R. Gardner, Dale R. Molyneux, Russell J. de Melo, Lucio E. H. TI Experimental swainsonine poisoning in goats ingesting Ipomoea sericophylla and Ipomoea riedelii (Convolvulaceae) SO PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE poisonous plants; plant poisoning; lysosomal storage disease; swainsonine; goats; Ipomoea sericophylla; Ipomoea riedelii ID LYSOSOMAL-STORAGE-DISEASE; CARPINIFOLIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Ipomoea sericophylla and Ipomoea riedelii cause a glycoprotein storage disease in goats. This paper reports the experimental poisoning in goats by dried I. sericophylla and I. riedelii containing 0.05% and 0.01% swainsonine, respectively. Three groups with four animals each were used. Group I received daily doses of 2g/kg body weight (bw) of dried I. sericophylla (150mg of swainsonine/kg). Goats from this group had clinical signs 36-38 days after the start of ingestion. Group 2 received dried I. riedelii daily doses of 2g/kg of I. riedelii (30mg of swainsonine/kg) for 70 days. No clinical signs were observed, therefore the swainsonine dose was increased to 60mg/kg for another 70 days. Goats from Group 2 had clinical signs 26-65 days after increase in swainsonine dose to 60mg/kg. Group 3 was used as control. In these experiments the minimum toxic dose was 60mg/kg which represents 0.0004% of the dry matter in goats ingesting 1.5% bw of the dry matter. For goats ingesting 2%-2.5% bw of dry matter this dose would be 0.00024%-0.0003% of the dry matter. After the end of the experiment two goats were euthanized and another six were observed for recovery of clinical signs. Four goats that continued to consume swainsonine containing plant for 39-89 days after the first clinical signs had non reversible signs, while two goats that ingested the plant for only 15 and 20 days after the first clinical signs recovered completely. These and previous results indicate that irreversible lesions due to neuronal loss occur in goats that continue to ingest the plants for about 30 days after the first clinical signs. Clinical signs and histological lesions were similar to those reported previously for goats poisoned by swainsonine containing plants. No significant alterations were found in packed cell volume, red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, mean corpuscular volume, and serum levels of glucose, total protein, and albumin, and the serum activities of gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Swainsonine concentration of 0.05% in I. sericophylla and 0.01% in I. riedelii are different from samples of these plants used in previous experiments, which contained 0.14% and 0.5% swainsonine, respectively, demonstrating a wide variation in the toxicity of different samples. C1 [Riet-Correa, Franklin; Lima, Everton F.; Medeiros, Rosane M. T.; Guedes, Karla M. R.] Univ Fed Campina Grande, Vet Hosp, CSTR, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, Brazil. [Barbosa, Rossemberg C.] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Program Pos Grad Cencia Vet, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Gardner, Dale R.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plants Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Molyneux, Russell J.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Lab, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [de Melo, Lucio E. H.] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Fac Vet, Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Riet-Correa, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Campina Grande, Vet Hosp, CSTR, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, Brazil. EM franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU REVISTA PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA PI RIO JANEIRO PA EMBRAPA-SAUDE ANIMAL, KM47 SEROPEDICA, 23851-970 RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SN 0100-736X J9 PESQUISA VET BRASIL JI Pesqui. Vet. Bras. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 10 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 242XN UT WOS:000251759600004 ER PT J AU Londono, DK Siqueira, HAA Wang, H Sarath, G Lydy, MJ Siegfried, BD AF Londono, Diana K. Siqueira, Herbert A. A. Wang, Haichuan Sarath, Gautam Lydy, Michael J. Siegfried, Blair D. TI Cloning and expression of an atrazine inducible cytochrome P450, CYP4G33, from Chironomus tentans (Diptera : Chironomidae) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; atrazine; induction; chirononnis tentans; expression ID INSECTICIDE TOXICITY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INDUCTION; GENE; P450; XENOBIOTICS; ALIGNMENT; LARVAE; MODEL AB Previous studies performed in our laboratory have measured the effect of atrazine exposure on cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity and have found increased activity in midge larvae (Chironomus tentans) as a result of atrazine exposure (1-10 ppm). Here we report the cloning and expression of a specific C tentans CYP4 gene that is responsive to atrazine induction with an open reading frame of 1678 bp which encodes a putative protein of 559 amino acid residues. Alignments of deduced amino acid sequences with other insect P450 genes and phylogenetic analysis indicated a high degree of similarity to other insect CYP4 genes. Northern blotting analysis employing a fragment of 1200 bp from the CYP4 gene as a probe indicated that the CYP4 gene was expressed in all developmental stages, but was expressed at highest levels in late instar larvae. Additionally, over-expression of CYP4 in C. tentans exposed to atrazine (10 mg/l) confirms the ability of atrazine to induce specific P450 genes and provides insight into potential consequences of atrazine exposure in aquatic organisms. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Agron, BR-52171 Recife, PE, Brazil. USDA ARS Grain, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, 202 Plant Industry Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bsiegfriedl@unl.edu RI Siqueira, Herbert/C-6062-2013 OI Siqueira, Herbert/0000-0002-8802-8977 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 89 IS 2 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2007.04.001 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 216EN UT WOS:000249861400003 ER PT J AU Portis, AR Parry, MAJ AF Portis, Archie R., Jr. Parry, Martin A. J. TI Discoveries in Rubisco (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase): a historical perspective SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE carbamylation; carbon fixation; history; inhibitors; light regulation; photorespiration; rubisco; rubisco activase ID FRACTION-I PROTEIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE FIXATION; CHLOROPLAST RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; LIGHT-REGULATED EXPRESSION; GAS-EXCHANGE MEASUREMENTS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; CELL-FREE SYSTEM; BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SMALL-SUBUNIT AB Historic discoveries and key observations related to Rubisco (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), from 1947 to 2006, are presented. Currently, around 200 papers describing Rubisco research are published each year and the literature contains more than 5000 manuscripts on the subject. While trying to ensure that all the major events over this period are recorded, this analysis will inevitably be incomplete and will reflect the areas of particular interest to the authors. C1 Univ Illinois, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Rothamsted Res, Crop Performance & Improvement, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA ARS, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu OI Parry, Martin/0000-0002-4477-672X NR 313 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 BP 121 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s11120-007-9225-6 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 202OR UT WOS:000248913400011 PM 17665149 ER PT J AU Lehrer, AT Moore, PH Komor, E AF Lehrer, Axel T. Moore, Paul H. Komor, Ewald TI Impact of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) on the carbohydrate status of sugarcane: Comparison of virus-free plants with symptomatic and asymptomatic virus-infected plants (vol 70, pg 180, 2007) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Lehrer, Axel T.; Komor, Ewald] Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Lehrer, Axel T.] HARC, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Moore, Paul H.] ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Komor, E (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM ewald.komor@uni-bayreuth.de NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4-6 BP 260 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2008.04.001 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 397NL UT WOS:000262669300015 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Unruh, TR Simkins, H Thomsen-Archer, K AF Lacey, L. A. Unruh, T. R. Simkins, H. Thomsen-Archer, K. TI Gut bacteria associated with the pacific coast wireworm, Limonius canus, inferred from 16s rDNA sequences and their implications for control SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE Bacillus megaterium; midgut flora; Rahnella aquatilis; spore formers; nonspore formers ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; RAHNELLA-AQUATILIS; COSTELYTRA-ZEALANDICA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; PROTEIN GENE; GRASS GRUB; MEGATERIUM; LEPIDOPTERA; STRAIN AB A multitude of bacteria have been isolated from the guts of several insect species. Some of these have been modified to interfere with the development of the host insect or with the development and transmission of plant and animal pathogens transmitted by the host insect. We surveyed the gut flora of the Pacific Coast wireworm, Limonius callus LeConte, a serious pest of potato, at two sites in Oregon and Washington. Isolates were obtained from surface-sterilized triturated larvae by dilution plating on standard media. A rich diversity of species was found in 86 isolates, including spore-formers, non-spore-formers and aerobic and facultatively anaerobic species collected on four sampling dates at each location. Twenty-one of the isolates were identified to species based on rDNA sequence (nine distinct species). An additional 34 isolates were identified to genus from the sequence data while six isolates could be assigned only to family based on sequence comparisons. Twenty-seven additional isolates were identified to species (9), genus (17) or family (1) based on side-by-side morphological comparisons with isolates identified from rDNA sequence. The most frequently isolated bacterium was Bacillus megaterium, followed by Rahnella aquatilis. A naturally occurring bacterium found in the gut and/or environment of a targeted insect that is modified to express toxins or other detrimental substances could provide certain advantages (such as persistence and recycling) over inundatively applied microbial control agents, particularly within soil habitats. The hypothesis that these species or others from the survey represent candidates for genetic modification to provide control options for L. callus is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Ilacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PD OCT PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 479 EP 489 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 225AS UT WOS:000250490100010 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Young, BA Qu, F Morris, TJ French, R AF Stenger, Drake C. Young, Brock A. Qu, Feng Morris, T. Jack French, Roy TI Wheat streak mosaic virus lacking helper component-proteinase is competent to produce disease Synergism in double infections with Maize chlorotic mottle virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERIOPHYID MITE TRANSMISSION; RNA SILENCING SUPPRESSION; CORN LETHAL NECROSIS; HC-PRO; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; PATHOGENICITY DETERMINANTS; SYSTEMIC INFECTION; PLANT-VIRUSES; COAT PROTEIN; X SYNTHESIS AB The tritimovirus Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and the machlomovirus Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) each cause systemic chlorosis in infected maize plants. Infection of maize with both viruses produces corn lethal necrosis disease (CLND). Here, we report that complete deletion of the WSMV helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) coding region had no effect on induction of CLND symptoms following coinoculation of maize with WSMV and MCMV. We further demonstrated that elevation of virus titers in double infections, relative to single infections, also was independent of WSMV HC-Pro. Thus, unlike poty-virus HC-Pro, WSMV HC-Pro was dispensable for disease synergism. Because disease synergism involving potyviruses requires HC-Promediated suppression of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), we hypothesized that WSMV HC-Pro may not be a suppressor of PTGS. Indeed, WSMV HC-Pro did not suppress PTGS of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene in an Agrobacterium-mediated coinfiltration assay in which potyvirus HC-Pro acted as a strong suppressor. Furthermore, coinfiltration with potyvirus HC-Pro, but not WSMV HC-Pro, resulted in elevated levels of the GFP target mRNA under conditions which trigger PTGS. Collectively, these results revealed significant differences in HC-Pro function among divergent genera of the family Potyviridae and suggest that the tritimovirus WSMV utilizes a gene other than HC-Pro to suppress PTGS and mediate synergistic interactions with unrelated viruses. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dstenger@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1213 EP 1221 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1213 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 212ZE UT WOS:000249634800003 PM 18943679 ER PT J AU Weiland, JJ Van Winkle, D Edwards, MC Larson, RL Shelver, WL Freeman, TP Liu, HY AF Weiland, John J. Van Winkle, David Edwards, Michael C. Larson, Rebecca L. Shelver, Weilin L. Freeman, Thomas P. Liu, Hsing-Yeh TI Characterization of a US Isolate of Beet black scorch virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; RNA REPLICATION; UNITED-STATES; INITIATION; ALIGNMENT; GENE AB The first reported U.S. isolate of Beet black scorch necrovirus (BBSV) was obtained and characterized. Host range of the virus for localized and occasionally systemic infection included the Chenopodiaceae and Tetragonia expansa; Nicotiana benthamiana supported symptomless systemic infection by the virus. The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of the virus, designated BBSV-Co, exhibits 93% similarity to the genome of the 'Ningxia' isolate of BBSV from China. Amino acid sequence similarity in predicted genes ranged from 95% in the p4 gene to 97% in the p82 and coat protein genes. A potential additional gene exists within the U.S. isolate of BBSV that is absent from Chinese isolates of BBSV due to nucleotide differences between these isolates within the coat protein gene. Coat protein analysis by isoelectric focusing and by mass spectroscopy indicated the presence of phosphorylated residues. Using primer extension analysis of the 5' end of the genome and site-directed mutants of genomic clones of BBSV-Co from which infectious RNA was produced, the native 5' end of the BBSV-Co genome was determined to be 5'-GAAACCTAACC...3', lacking the two terminal adenosine nucleotides in the published sequences of BBSV from China. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Metab Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Product Lab, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM john.weiland@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1245 EP 1254 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1245 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 212ZE UT WOS:000249634800006 PM 18943682 ER PT J AU Temple, TN Stockwell, VO Pusey, PL Johnson, KB AF Temple, Todd N. Stockwell, Virginia O. Pusey, P. Lawrence Johnson, Kenneth B. TI Evaluation of likelihood of co-occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with mature fruit of winter pear SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exotic pest quarantine; phyllosphere microbiology; risk assessment ID FIRE BLIGHT BACTERIA; APPLE FRUIT; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; SURVIVAL; ANTAGONISTS; BLOSSOMS; COLONIZATION; TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; MOVEMENT AB Phytosanitary concerns about fire blight prohibit export of U.S.-grown pears to some countries without this disease. To examine these concerns, we evaluated the potential for co-occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with mature, symptomless winter pear fruit by inoculation experiments and by survey of commercial orchards. Immature pear and apple fruit were inoculated in orchards with E. amylovora strain 153N as resuspended lyophilized cells or as ooze from diseased tissues. Regardless of inoculum source, population size of Ea153N on fruit declined by an order of magnitude every 3 to 4 days during the first 2 weeks after inoculation; at 56 days after inoculation, Ea153N was not detected, except on I of 450 fruit with 4 colony forming units (CFU). After inoculation of flowers, calyx-end survival of Ea153N on pear and apple fruit declined from high populations at petal fall to a few cells at harvest, with no detection of the pathogen after a 7-week cold storage. Migration of Ea153N into symptomless pear fruit from diseased branches was evaluated by enrichment assay and nested polymerase chain reaction of internal fruit core tissues; these assays failed to detect the pathogen in healthy fruit from diseased trees. At harvest, E. amylovora could not be detected on 5,599 of 5,600 fruit of d'Anjou pear sampled from commercial orchards in major production areas of the Pacific Northwest; one fruit yielded 32 CFU of the pathogen. Postharvest, mature pear fruit contaminated with Ea153N and subsequently wounded required a dose of >10,000 cells at the wound site to allow for persistence of the pathogen through a 7-week-cold storage. We conclude that epiphytic E. amylovora shows similar survival characteristics on both pear and apple fruit, this pathogen is not an endophyte within mature symptomless pear fruit, its presence is exceptionally rare on commercially produced fruit, and that epiphytic survival of E. amylovora through a postharvest chilling period is unlikely given the unrealistically high population size required for persistence. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Johnson, KB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM johnsonk@science.oregonstate.edu NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1263 EP 1273 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1263 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 212ZE UT WOS:000249634800008 PM 18943684 ER PT J AU Falacy, JS Grove, GG Mahaffee, WF Galloway, H Glawe, DA Larsen, RC Vandernark, GJ AF Falacy, Jennifer S. Grove, Gary G. Mahaffee, Walter F. Galloway, Heather Glawe, Dean A. Larsen, Richard C. Vandernark, George J. TI Detection of Erysiphe necator in air samples using the polymerase chain reaction and species-specific primers SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerobiotia; spore collection ID GRAPE POWDERY MILDEW; UNCINULA-NECATOR; PCR ASSAY; WASHINGTON; SEQUENCE; CONIDIA; GENE AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay employing species-specific primers was developed to differentiate Erysiphe necator from other powdery mildews common in the northwest United States. DNA was extracted from mycelia, conidia, and/or chasmothecia that were collected from grape leaves with a Burkard cyclonic surface sampler. To differentiate E. necator from other erysiphaeccous fungi, primer pairs Uncin144 and Uncin511 were developed to select unique sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of E. necator. Using these primers in PCR amplifications, a 367-bp amplicon specific to E. necator was generated, but no amplicons were generated from other erysiphaceous species collected from 48 disparate hosts representing 26 vascular plant families. The PCR limit of detection was one to five conidia of E. necator placed directly into reaction mixtures or 100 to 250 conidia placed on glass rods coated with silicon grease. During field studies, this PCR assay facilitated the detection of E. necator inoculum in air samples within hours of sample rod collection and prior to disease onset. Amplification of E. necator DNA did not occur when the PCR assay was conducted on vineyard air samples collected while grapes were dormant or during periods when vine growth occurred but E. necator remained dormant. The initial PCR detection of E. necator of the season occurred during seasonal ascospore releases caused by precipitation events between bud burst and the prebloom period during the 3 years of the study. Detection ceased for 7 to 11 days following ascospore release and then resumed several days prior to the observance of microscopic symptoms and signs of powdery mildew in the field. Results of this study represent the initial step toward the goal of incorporating an inoculum availability component into current and future grapevine powdery mildew risk assessment models. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Grove, GG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM grove@wsu.edu NR 36 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1290 EP 1297 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1290 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 212ZE UT WOS:000249634800011 PM 18943687 ER PT J AU Liu, B Wasilwa, LA Morelock, TE O'Neill, NR Correll, JC AF Liu, B. Wasilwa, L. A. Morelock, T. E. O'Neill, N. R. Correll, J. C. TI Comparison of Colletotrichum orbiculare and several Allied Colletotrichum spp. for mtDNA RFLPs, intron RFLP and sequence variation, vegetative compatibility, and host specificity SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C. lagenarium ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ANTHRACNOSE; RACES; RESISTANCE; GENE; LINDEMUTHIANUM; DISEASE; ALFALFA; POLYMORPHISM AB Based on spore morphology, appressorium development, sequence similarities of the rDNA, and similarities in amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), it has been proposed that Colletotrichum orbiculare, C. trifolii, C. lindemuthianum, and C. malvarum represent a single phylogenetic species, C. orbiculare. In the current study, the phylogenetic relationship among isolates in the C orbiculare species complex was reassessed. In all, 72 isolates of C. orbiculare from cultivated cucurbit or weed hosts, C. trifolii from alfalfa, C. lindemuthianum from green bean, and C. malvarum from prickly sida (Sida spinosa) were examined for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), RFLPs and sequence variation of a 900-bp intron of the glutamine synthetase gene and a 200-bp intron of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, and vegetative compatibility. In addition, host specificity was examined in foliar inoculations on cucurbit, bean, and alfalfa hosts. Inoculations also were conducted on cucumber fruit. Genetically distinct isolates, based on vegetative compatibility, within the species complex (C. orbiculare, C. trifolii, and C. malvarum) had an identical mtDNA haplotype (haplotype A) when examined with each of three different restriction enzymes. Isolates of C. lindemuthianum had a very similar mtDNA haplotype to haplotype A, with a single polymorphism detected with the enzyme HaeIII. The four species represent a phylogenetically closely related group based on a statistical analysis of the 900- and 200-bp intron sequences. However, distinct RFLPs in the 900-bp intron were consistently associated with each species and could be used to qualitatively and quantitatively distinguish each species. Furthermore, each of the species showed distinct host specificity, with isolates of C. orbiculare (from cucurbits), C. lindemuthianum, and C. trifolii being pathogenic only on cucurbits, green bean, and alfalfa, respectively. Consequently, distinct and fixed nucleotide, or genotypic (intron sequences and RFLPs) and phenotypic (host specificity) characteristics can be used to distinguish C. orbiculare, C. lindemuthianum, and C. trifolii from one another; therefore, they should be recognized as distinct species. This species delineation is consistent with the most current species concepts in fungi. More isolates and further characterization is needed to determine whether C. orbiculare from cocklebur and C. malvarum represent distinct species. RFLPs of the 900-bp intron may represent a relatively inexpensive, reliable, and useful diagnostic tool for general species differentiation in the genus Colletotrichum. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Correll, JC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jcorrell@uark.edu NR 56 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1305 EP 1314 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1305 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 212ZE UT WOS:000249634800013 PM 18943689 ER PT J AU Montero-Astua, M Hartung, JS Aguilar, E Chacon, C Li, W Albertazzi, FJ Rivera, C AF Montero-Astua, Mauricio Hartung, John S. Aguilar, Estela Chacon, Carlos Li, Wenbin Albertazzi, Federico J. Rivera, Carmen TI Genetic diversity of Xylella fastidiosa strains from Costa Rica, Sao Paulo, Brazil, and United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus variegated chlorosis; coffee leaf scorch; Pierce's disease ID CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; AXONOPODIS PV. MANIHOTIS; 16S-23S INTERGENIC SPACER; MULBERRY LEAF SCORCH; PIERCES-DISEASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; TANDEM REPEATS; 16S RDNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; YERSINIA-PESTIS AB The diversity of 42 Xylella fastidiosa strains from Costa Rica, Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the United States were analyzed using the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene by variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) fragment analysis and by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplification product using enzyme CfoI. Limited variability in the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene was observed and, although the separation was not absolute. most strains from Costa Rica clustered with strains from the United States and not with strains from Sao Paulo. The PCR-RFLP produced different patterns of DNA bands. The same pattern was shared by strains from Costa Rica, the United States, and two coffee strains from Sao Paulo, but a different pattern was observed in six coffee and orange strains from Brazil. In all, 32 amplification products were scored in the VNTR fragment analysis. The total variation observed among the X. fastidiosa strains had significant (P < 0.001) contributions from both geography and host origin as inferred by Nei's values of genetic diversity and WINAMOVA statistics. The strains from Costa Rica were isolated from diseased grapevines, coffee, and sweet orange and these strains grouped together and could be distinguished from strains from grapevine from the United States or from either coffee or sweet orange from Sao Paulo. The strains tested from Costa Rica are most likely of local origin, although the possibility that they have been introduced along with horticultural crops cannot be excluded. In either case, they are examples of independent selection of strains of X. fastidiosa affecting coffee and sweet orange. Greater genetic similarity was observed between strains from Costa Rica and the United States than with those from Sao Paulo. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Pedro 2060, Costa Rica. USDA, APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.hartung@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1338 EP 1347 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1338 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 212ZE UT WOS:000249634800017 PM 18943693 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Zhao, X Cohen, MF Raaijmakers, JM AF Mazzola, M. Zhao, X. Cohen, M. F. Raaijmakers, J. M. TI Cyclic lipopeptide surfactant production by Pseudomonas fluorescens SS101 is not required for suppression of complex Pythium spp. Populations SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NAPUS SEED MEAL; SUGAR-BEET RHIZOSPHERE; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BIOCONTROL; EFFICACY; BIOSYNTHESIS; SYRINGAE; BACTERIA AB Previously, the zoosporicidal activity and control of Pythium root rot of flower bulbs by Pseudomonas fluorescens SS101 was attributed, in part, to the production of the cyclic lipopeptide surfactant massetolide A. The capacity of strain SS101 and its surfactant-deficient massA mutant 10.24 to suppress populations and root infection by complex pythium spp. communities resident in orchard soils was assessed on apple and wheat seedlings and on apple rootstocks. Both strains initially became established in soil and persisted in the rhizosphere at similar population densities; however, massA mutant 10.24 typically was detected at higher populations in the wheat rhizosphere and soil at the end of each experiment. Both strains effectively suppressed resident Pythium populations to an equivalent level in the presence or absence of plant roots, and ultimately suppressed Pythium root infection to the same degree on all host plants. When split-root plant assays were employed, neither strain suppressed Pythium spp. infection of the component of the root system physically separated from the bacterium, suggesting that induced systemic resistance did not play a role in Pythium control. Strain SS101 only marginally suppressed in vitro growth of Pythium spp. and growth was not inhibited in the presence of mutant 10.24. When incorporated into the growth medium, the cyclic lipopeptide massetolide A significantly slowed the rate of hyphal expansion for all Pythium spp. examined. Differences in sensitivity were observed among species, with Pythium heterothallicum, P. rostratum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum exhibiting significantly greater tolerance. Pythium spp. populations indigenous to the two soils employed were composed primarily of P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum. These Pythium spp. either do not or rarely produce zoospores, which could account for the observation that both SS101 and mutant 10.24 were equally effective in disease control. Collectively, the results showed that (i) Pseudomonas fluorescens SS101 is very effective in controlling diverse Pythium populations on different crops grown in different soils and (ii) production of the cyclic lipopeptide massetolide A does not play a significant role in disease suppression. Other, as yet undefined mechanisms appear to play a significant role in the interaction between P. fluorescens SS101 and soilborne Pythium spp. communities. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1348 EP 1355 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1348 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 212ZE UT WOS:000249634800018 PM 18943694 ER PT J AU Liu, LL King, JS Giardina, CP AF Liu, Lingli King, John S. Giardina, Christian P. TI Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O-3 on nutrient dynamics: decomposition of leaf litter in trembling aspen and paper birch communities SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Aspen FACE; atmospheric change; litter bag; macro and micro nutrient; nutrient cycling ID PROGRESSIVE NITROGEN LIMITATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BETULA-PAPYRIFERA; MINERAL CONCENTRATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; TEMPERATE FOREST; FORAGE QUALITY; YOUNG STANDS; SUGAR MAPLE AB Atmospheric changes could strongly influence how terrestrial ecosystems function by altering nutrient cycling. We examined how the dynamics of nutrient release from leaf litter responded to two important atmospheric changes: rising atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O-3. We evaluated the independent and combined effects of these gases on foliar litter nutrient dynamics in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) and birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh)/aspen communities at the Aspen FACE Project in Rhinelander, WI. Naturally senesced leaf litter was incubated in litter bags in the field for 735 days. Decomposing litter was sampled six times during incubation and was analyzed for carbon, and both macro (N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg) and micro (Mn, B, Zn and Cu) nutrient concentrations. Elevated CO2 significantly decreased the initial litter concentrations of N (-10.7%) and B (-14.4%), and increased the concentrations of K (+23.7%) and P (+19.7%), with no change in the other elements. Elevated O-3 significantly decreased the initial litter concentrations of P (-11.2%), S (-8.1%), Ca (-12.1%), and Zn (-19.5%), with no change in the other elements. Pairing concentration data with litterfall data, we estimated that elevated CO2 significantly increased the fluxes to soil of all nutrients: N (+12.5%), P (+61.0%), K (+67.1%), S (+28.0%), and Mg (+40.7%), Ca (+44.0%), Cu (+38.9%), Mn (+62.8%), and Zn (+33.1%). Elevated O-3 had the opposite effect: N (-22.4%), P (-25.4%), K (-27.2%), S (-23.6%), Ca (-27.6%), Mg (-21.7%), B (-16.2%), Cu (-20.8%), and Zn (-31.6%). The relative release rates of the nine elements during the incubation was: K >= P >= mass >= Mg >= B >= Ca >= S >= N >= Mn >= Cu >= Zn. Atmospheric changes had little effect on nutrient release rates, except for decreasing Ca and B release under elevated CO2 and decreasing N and Ca release under elevated O-3. We conclude that elevated CO2 and elevated O-3 will alter nutrient cycling more through effects on litter production, rather than litter nutrient concentrations or release rates. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Liu, LL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8002, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lliu4@ncsu.edu RI Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2007 VL 299 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9361-y PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 217AM UT WOS:000249920700006 ER PT J AU Siebielec, G Chaney, RL Kukier, U AF Siebielec, Grzegorz Chaney, Rufus L. Kukier, Urszula TI Liming to remediate Ni contaminated soils with diverse properties and a wide range of Ni concentration SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE contamination; extraction; liming; nickel; phytotoxicity; remediation ID NICKEL PHYTOTOXICITY; ZINC; COPPER; CADMIUM; TOXICITY; CHROMIUM; REFINERY; MUCK; EXTRACTANTS; PREDICTION AB Historic emissions from a Ni refinery at Port Colborne, Ontario, caused Ni contamination of regional soils and raised concerns about potential Ni phytotoxicity. Previous tests revealed that if these soils were made alkaline and fertilized with Mn and other common nutrients as needed to maintain fertility of such alkaline soils, full remediation (prevention of Ni phytotoxicity) would be obtained. This experiment was conducted to test this method of remediation on diverse soils from Port Colborne, and to evaluate chemical extraction tests which would be predictive of plant uptake and potential for Ni phytotoxicity in Ni-contaminated soils. Ten soils with varied levels of Ni contamination and varied soil properties were amended with limestone or nitric acid to raise or lower pH so that a wide pH range could be examined for the soils. For lower Ni organic and mineral soils near the Ontario remediation limit (200 mg/kg), neither crop suffered Ni phytotoxicity at any pH tested. Only when more highly contaminated soils were strongly acidic did Ni phytotoxicity occur. Phytotoxic soils were fully remediated by making soils alkaline even for these Ni-sensitive crop species. Only the most contaminated organic soil remained slightly toxic - but this soil was remarkably contaminated (over 1.1% of Ni). The Sr nitrate extraction method was much more effective in predicting plant Ni concentrations than the DTPA method. This test provides an inexpensive soil extraction result highly predictive of potential for Ni phytotoxicity across soils. C1 Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, PL-24100 Pulawy, Poland. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Environm Soil Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Siebielec, G (reprint author), Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, Czartoryskich 8, PL-24100 Pulawy, Poland. EM gs@iung.pulawy.pl NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2007 VL 299 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9369-3 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 217AM UT WOS:000249920700009 ER PT J AU Coleman, M AF Coleman, Mark TI Spatial and temporal patterns of root distribution in developing stands of four woody crop species grown with drip irrigation and fertilization SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE functional groups; root length density; soil heterogeneity; stand development; vertical root distribution; woody crops ID SOIL-N AVAILABILITY; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FINE ROOTS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; CARBON ALLOCATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DOUGLAS-FIR; PLANTATION AB In forest trees, roots mediate such significant carbon fluxes as primary production and soil CO2 efflux. Despite the central role of roots in these critical processes, information on root distribution during stand establishment is limited, yet must be described to accurately predict how various forest types, which are growing with a range of resource limitations, might respond to environmental change. This study reports root length density and biomass development in young stands of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoidies Bartr.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) that have narrow, high resource site requirements, and compares them with sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), which have more robust site requirements. Fine roots (<1 mm), medium roots (1 to 5 mm) and coarse roots (<5 mm) were sampled to determine spatial distribution in response to fertilizer and irrigation treatments delivered through drip irrigation tubes. Root length density and biomass were predominately controlled by stand development, depth and proximity to drip tubes. After accounting for this spatial and temporal variation, there was a significant increase in RLD with fertilization and irrigation for all genotypes. The response to fertilization was greater than that of irrigation. Both fine and coarse roots responded positively to resources delivered through the drip tube, indicating a whole-root-system response to resource enrichment and not just a feeder root response. The plastic response to drip tube water and nutrient enrichment demonstrate the capability of root systems to respond to supply heterogeneity by increasing acquisition surface. Fine-root biomass, root density and specific root length were greater for broadleaved species than pine. Roots of all genotypes explored the rooting volume within 2 years, but this occurred faster and to higher root length densities in broadleaved species, indicating they had greater initial opportunity for resource acquisition than pine. Sweetgum's root characteristics and its response to resource availability were similar to the other broadleaved species, despite its functional resemblance to pine regarding robust site requirements. It was concluded that genotypes, irrigation and fertilization significantly influenced tree root system development, which varied spatially in response to resource-supply heterogeneity created by drip tubes. Knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of root distribution in these stands will be used to interpret nutrient acquisition and soil respiration measurements. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Coleman, M (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 241 Gateway Dr, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM mcoleman01@fs.fed.us RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 68 TC 33 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2007 VL 299 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 217AM UT WOS:000249920700015 ER PT J AU Lawrence, C Walbot, V AF Lawrence, Carolyn Walbot, Virginia TI Reply: Specific reasons to favor maize in the US SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Letter C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Walbot, V (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM walbot@stanford.edu RI Lawrence, Carolyn/N-3367-2014 OI Lawrence, Carolyn/0000-0003-0069-1430 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 2007 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2973 EP 2973 DI 10.1105/tpc.107.191041 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 238TT UT WOS:000251471200004 ER PT J AU Nishijima, KA Wall, MM Siderhurst, MS AF Nishijima, K. A. Wall, M. M. Siderhurst, M. S. TI Demonstrating pathogenicity of Enterobacter cloacae on macadamia and identifying associated volatiles of gray kernel of macadamia in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE anaerobic storage; bacterial fermentation; Enterobacteriaceae; food safety; spoilage; water activity ID BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; DISEASE; GROWTH; MILK; NUTS; ROT AB Gray kernel is an important disease of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) that affects the quality of kernels, causing gray discoloration and a permeating, foul odor. Gray kernel symptoms were produced in raw, in-shell kernels of three cultivars of macadamia that were inoculated with strains of Enterobacter cloacae. Koch's postulates were fulfilled for three strains, demonstrating that E. cloacae is a causal agent of gray kernel. An inoculation protocol was developed to consistently reproduce gray kernel symptoms. Among the E. cloacae strains studied, macadamia strain LK 0802-3 and ginger strain B 193-3 produced the highest incidences of disease (65 and 40%, respectively). The other macadamia strain, KN 04-2, produced gray kernel in 21.7% of inoculated nuts. Control treatments had 1.7% gray kernel symptoms. Some abiotic and biotic factors that affected incidence of gray kernel in inoculated kernels were identified. Volatiles of gray and nongray kernel samples also were analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid were present in nongray and gray kernel samples, whereas volatiles from gray kernel samples included the additional compounds, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 2,3-butanediol, phenol, and 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol). This is believed to be the first report of the identification of volatile compounds associated with gray kernel. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Nishijima, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr PBARC, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM kate.nishijima@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1221 EP 1228 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-10-1221 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 210VT UT WOS:000249484400002 ER PT J AU Shishkoff, N AF Shishkoff, Nina TI Persistence of Phytophthora ramorum in soil mix and roots of nursery ornamentals SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE sudden oak death ID CINNAMOMI AB Although most Phytophthora species have a soilborne phase that is crucial for infection of roots and for survival away from the host, the details of the soil phase of Phytophthora ramorum are not yet fully understood. As mycelium ages, it becomes resistant to sterilization by acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), a product of the electrolysis which can be used as a disinfectant. Colonies of P. ramorum could be recovered from moist potting mix or sand for many months, whether buried as infected plant leaf tissue or as mycelium bearing chlamydospores, and the buried material was also resistant to treatment by AEW. There was no significant difference in recovery over time among treatments (sand or potting mix; infected plant tissue or mycelium); after approximately a year, colonies could be recovered at 0.8 to 14.3%. When excised roots were inoculated with P ramorum sporangia and buried in mesh bags in potting mix, the pathogen was recovered from buried roots for at least 8 to 11 months, but it was not clear whether it was surviving as mycelium or chlamydospores. The roots of living plants of Acer mocrophyllum, Buxus sempervirens, Camellia oleifera, C. sinensis, C. sasanqua, Lonicera hispidula, Taxus baccata, Umbellularia californica, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Viburnum davidii, V. tinus, V. x pragense, Rhododendron 'Gloria', and Syringa vulgaris were drenched with a sporangial solution of P. ramorum and incubated for a month; the pathogen could be recovered from roots of all plants except those of Buxus sempervirens and Lonicera hispidula. Recovery on selective agar medium (P(5)ARP) was from both washed and surface-sterilized roots, suggesting that the roots were internally infected. When chlamydospores were placed near roots and observed directly, they were seen to germinate, forming sporangia. Nearby roots became infected, the tips covered with sporangia. Therefore, P. ramorum appears to have a soil phase, at least under greenhouse and nursery conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Shishkoff, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Nina.Shishkoff@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1245 EP 1249 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-10-1245 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 210VT UT WOS:000249484400005 ER PT J AU Thompson, J Lugo, AE Thomlinson, J AF Thompson, Jill Lugo, Ariel E. Thomlinson, John TI Land use history, hurricane disturbance, and the fate of introduced species in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alien species; exotic species; invasive species; Luquillo LFDP; mature forest; non-native species ID TROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; TREE; HUGO; IMPACT; WATERSHEDS; MORTALITY; RECOVERY; DAMAGE; WINDS AB Tropical forests are suffering from increasing intensities and frequency of disturbances. As a result, non-native species accidentally introduced or intentionally planted for farming, plantations, and ornamental purposes may spread and potentially invade undisturbed native forest. It is not known if these introduced species will become invasive, as a result of recurrent natural disturbances such as hurricanes. Using data from three censuses (spanning 15 years) of a 16-ha subtropical wet forest plot, we investigated the impact of two hurricanes on populations of plant species that were planted in farms and plantations that were then abandoned and from the natural spread of species introduced into Puerto Rico in the past. The populations of four species (Citrus paradis, Mangifera indica, Musa sp., and Simarouba glauca) changed little over time. Six species (Artocarpus altilis, Calophyllum calaba, Genipa americana, Hibiscus pernambucensis, Syzygium jambos, and Swietenia macrophylla) declined between the first two censuses after Hurricane Hugo, then increased again in Census 3 after Hurricane Georges. Spathodea campanulata gradually increased from census to census, while Coffea arabica declined. These introduced species represent only a small part of the forest basal area and few show signs of increasing over time. The number of stems per plant, new recruits, and the growth rates of these introduced species were within the ranges of those for native plant species. The mortality rates over both census intervals were significantly lower for introduced species (< 5% year(-1)) than for native ones (15% year(-1)). Many new recruits established after Hurricane Hugo (prior to this study) had opened the forest canopy and these high mortality rates reflect their death as the canopy recovered. Only Swietenia macrophylla and Syzygium jambos showed an increase in stem numbers in the closed canopy area of forest that had suffered limited human disturbance in the past. A future increase in frequency of disturbance may enable greater stem numbers of introduced species to establish, while lower-mortality rates compared to native species, may allow them to persist during inter-hurricane intervals. An increase in the population of introduced species, especially for those that grow into large trees, may have an impact on this tropical forest in the future. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. RP Thompson, J (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, POB 21910, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM jthompson@Iternet.edu RI Thompson, Jill/K-2200-2012 OI Thompson, Jill/0000-0002-4370-2593 NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 192 IS 2 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s11258-007-9318-5 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 207SB UT WOS:000249270300013 ER PT J AU Dauwe, R Morreel, K Goeminne, G Gielen, B Rohde, A Van Beeumen, J Ralph, J Boudet, AM Kopka, J Rochange, SF Halpin, C Messens, E Boerjan, W AF Dauwe, Rebecca Morreel, Kris Goeminne, Geert Gielen, Birgit Rohde, Antje Van Beeumen, Jos Ralph, John Boudet, Alain-Michel Kopka, Joachim Rochange, Soizic F. Halpin, Claire Messens, Eric Boerjan, Wout TI Molecular phenotyping of lignin-modified tobacco reveals associated changes in cell-wall metabolism, primary metabolism, stress metabolism and photorespiration SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE metabolomics; transcriptomics; CCR; CAD; oligolignol ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; AMMONIA-LYASE GENE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; DOWN-REGULATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; COA REDUCTASE; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS AB Lignin is an important component of secondarily thickened cell walls. Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) are two key enzymes that catalyse the penultimate and last steps in the biosynthesis of the monolignols. Downregulation of CCR in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has been shown to reduce lignin content, whereas lignin in tobacco downregulated for CAD incorporates more aldehydes. We show that altering the expression of either or both genes in tobacco has far-reaching consequences on the transcriptome and metabolome. cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism-based transcript profiling, combined with HPLC and GC-MS-based metabolite profiling, revealed differential transcripts and metabolites within monolignol biosynthesis, as well as a substantial network of interactions between monolignol and other metabolic pathways. In general, in all transgenic lines, the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway was downregulated, whereas starch mobilization was upregulated. CCR-downregulated lines were characterized by changes at the level of detoxification and carbohydrate metabolism, whereas the molecular phenotype of CAD-downregulated tobacco was enriched in transcript of light- and cell-wall-related genes. In addition, the transcript and metabolite data suggested photo-oxidative stress and increased photorespiration, mainly in the CCR-downregulated lines. These predicted effects on the photosynthetic apparatus were subsequently confirmed physiologically by fluorescence and gas-exchange measurements. Our data provide a molecular picture of a plant's response to altered monolignol biosynthesis. C1 Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Dept Mol Genet, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Dept Biochem Physiol & Microbiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5546, Pole Biotechnol Vegetale, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Cooperat Res Grp, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Univ Dundee, Scottish Res Inst, Plant Res Unit, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Technol Pk 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. EM wout.boerjan@psb.ugent.be OI Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X; Kopka, Joachim/0000-0001-9675-4883; Halpin, Claire/0000-0002-1808-8130 NR 83 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2 BP 263 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03233.x PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 218DA UT WOS:000249995000006 PM 17727617 ER PT J AU Kottapalli, KR Rakwal, R Satoh, K Shibato, J Kottapalli, P Iwahashi, H Kikuchi, S AF Kottapalli, Kameswara Rao Rakwal, Randeep Satoh, Kouji Shibato, Junko Kottapalli, Pratibha Iwahashi, Hitoshi Kikuchi, Shoshi TI Transcriptional profiling of indica rice cultivar IET8585 (Ajaya) infected with bacterial leaf blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE blb; Xoo pathogen; DNA microarray; Ethylene response element binding protein ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; NITRIC-OXIDE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DEFENSE RESPONSES; DYE-BIAS; GENE; PROTEINS; ARABIDOPSIS; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION AB An indica rice cultivar IET8585 (Ajaya) resists diverse races of the Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae pathogen attack, and is often cultivated as bacterial leaf blight (blb) resistant check in India. Earlier we reported a recessive blb resistance gene mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5 in IET8585. Recessive gene-mediated bib resistance mechanism is not yet clearly understood. Here we analyzed the transcriptional profile of the bib infected resistant cultivar by rice 22K oligo array. Microarray analysis revealed differential expression of numerous genes at both early (6 h) and late (120 h) stages of infection in the resistant IET8585 cultivar over the susceptible IR24. Some of the differential gene expressions were validated by both RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Higher expression of ethylene response element binding protein (EREBP) transcription factor along with lower expression of alcohol dehydrogenase gene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system may be responsible for hypersensitive cell death in the resistant cultivar upon bacterial infection. Induction of glutathione-mediated detoxification and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways along with up-regulation of defense genes during infection may inhibit pathogen spread in the host tissues. In light of this and previous studies a mechanism of recessive gene-mediated bacterial blight resistance in indica rice is discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Plant Genome Res Unit, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Human Stress Signal Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. AIST, HSS, Osaka 5638577, Japan. RP Kottapalli, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM kottapallisri@gmail.com; rakwal-68@aist.go.jp NR 44 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10-11 BP 834 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.07.013 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 227DM UT WOS:000250637400012 PM 17870590 ER PT J AU Shen, L Kondo, Y Guo, Y Zhang, J Zhang, L Ahmed, S Shu, J Chen, X Waterland, RA Issa, JPJ AF Shen, Lanlan Kondo, Yutaka Guo, Yi Zhang, Jiexin Zhang, Li Ahmed, Saira Shu, Jingmin Chen, Xinli Waterland, Robert A. Issa, Jean-Pierre J. TI Genome-wide profiling reveals a class of normally methylated CpG island promoters SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CANCER-CELLS; DNA METHYLATION; MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; BISULFITE PCR; REGIONS TDMS; RICH ISLANDS; MULTIPLE; TRANSCRIPTION; ELEMENTS AB The role of CpG island methylation in normal development and cell differentiation is of keen interest, but remains poorly understood. We performed comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of promoter regions in normal peripheral blood by methylated CpG island amplification in combination with microarrays. This technique allowed us to simultaneously determine the methylation status of 6,177 genes, 92% of which include dense CpG islands. Among these 5,549 autosomal genes with dense CpG island promoters, we have identified 4.0% genes that are nearly completely methylated in normal blood, providing another exception to the general rule that CpG island methylation in normal tissue is limited to X inactivation and imprinted genes. We examined seven genes in detail, including ANKRD30A, FLJ40201, INSL6, SOHLH2, FTMT, C12orf12, and DPPA5. Dense promoter CpG island methylation and gene silencing were found in normal tissues studied except testis and sperm. In both tissues, bisulfite cloning and sequencing identified cells carrying unmethylated alleles. Interestingly, hypomethylation of several genes was associated with gene activation in cancer. Furthermore, reactivation of silenced genes could be induced after treatment with a DNA demethylating agent or in a cell line lacking DNMT1 and/or DNMT3b. Sequence analysis identified five motifs significantly enriched in this class of genes, suggesting that cis-regulatory elements may facilitate preferential methylation at these promoter CpG islands. We have identified a group of non-X-linked bona fide promoter CpG islands that are densely methylated in normal somatic tissues, escape methylation in germline cells, and for which DNA methylation is a primary mechanism of tissue-specific gene silencing. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Leukemia, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Aichi Canc Ctr, Div Mol Oncol, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shen, L (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Leukemia, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM lshen@mderson.org FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA100632, R01 CA 105346, R01 CA098006, R01 CA105346] NR 46 TC 203 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 10 BP 2023 EP 2036 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030181 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 233EJ UT WOS:000251072900020 PM 17967063 ER PT J AU Brayton, KA Lau, AOT Herndon, DR Hannick, L Kappmeyer, LS Berens, SJ Bidwell, SL Brown, WC Crabtree, J Fadrosh, D Feldblum, T Forberger, HA Haas, BJ Howell, JM Khouri, H Koo, H Mann, DJ Norimine, J Paulsen, IT Radune, D Ren, QH Smith, RK Suarez, CE White, O Wortman, JR Knowles, DP McElwain, TF Nene, VM AF Brayton, Kelly A. Lau, Audrey O. T. Herndon, David R. Hannick, Linda Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Berens, Shawn J. Bidwell, Shelby L. Brown, Wendy C. Crabtree, Jonathan Fadrosh, Doug Feldblum, Tamara Forberger, Heather A. Haas, Brian J. Howell, Jeanne M. Khouri, Hoda Koo, Hean Mann, David J. Norimine, Junzo Paulsen, Ian T. Radune, Diana Ren, Qinghu Smith, Roger K., Jr. Suarez, Carlos E. White, Owen Wortman, Jennifer R. Knowles, Donald P., Jr. McElwain, Terry F. Nene, Vishvanath M. TI Genome sequence of babesia bovis and comparative analysis of apicomplexan hemoprotozoa SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGENS; CANDIDATE VACCINE ANTIGENS; VES MULTIGENE FAMILY; THEILERIA-PARVA; ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ENCODED PROTEINS; GENE FAMILY AB Babesia bovis is an apicomplexan tick-transmitted pathogen of cattle imposing a global risk and severe constraints to livestock health and economic development. The complete genome sequence was undertaken to facilitate vaccine antigen discovery, and to allow for comparative analysis with the related apicomplexan hemoprotozoa Theileria parva and Plasmodium falciparum. At 8.2 Mbp, the B. bovis genome is similar in size to that of Theileria spp. Structural features of the B. bovis and T. parva genomes are remarkably similar, and extensive synteny is present despite several chromosomal rearrangements. In contrast, B. bovis and P. falciparum, which have similar clinical and pathological features, have major differences in genome size, chromosome number, and gene complement. Chromosomal synteny with P. falciparum is limited to microregions. The B. bovis genome sequence has allowed wide scale analyses of the polymorphic variant erythrocyte surface antigen protein (ves1 gene) family that, similar to the P. falciparum var genes, is postulated to play a role in cytoadhesion, sequestration, and immune evasion. The similar to 150 ves1 genes are found in clusters that are distributed throughout each chromosome, with an increased concentration adjacent to a physical gap on chromosome 1 that contains multiple ves1-like sequences. ves1 clusters are frequently linked to a novel family of variant genes termed smorfs that may themselves contribute to immune evasion, may play a role in variant erythrocyte surface antigen protein biology, or both. Initial expression analysis of ves1 and smorf genes indicates coincident transcription of multiple variants. B. bovis displays a limited metabolic potential, with numerous missing pathways, including two pathways previously described for the P. falciparum apicoplast. This reduced metabolic potential is reflected in the B. bovis apicoplast, which appears to have fewer nuclear genes targeted to it than other apicoplast containing organisms. Finally, comparative analyses have identified several novel vaccine candidates including a positional homolog of p67 and SPAG-1, Theileria sporozoite antigens targeted for vaccine development. The genome sequence provides a greater understanding of B. bovis metabolism and potential avenues for drug therapies and vaccine development. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Genom, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Life Sci, Div Cell & Mol Biol, London, England. RP Brayton, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Genom, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kbrayton@vetmed.wsu.edu; tfm@vetmed.wsu.edu; vnene@som.umaryland.edu RI Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; OI Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Hannick, Linda/0000-0002-8018-8466; Wortman, Jennifer/0000-0002-8713-1227 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007025] NR 89 TC 192 Z9 214 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1401 EP 1413 AR e148 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030148 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 233TV UT WOS:000251114100006 PM 17953480 ER PT J AU Stark, NM Matuana, LM AF Stark, Nicole M. Matuana, Laurent M. TI Characterization of weathered wood-plastic composite surfaces using FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle, and XPS SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE wood-plastic composites; weathering; wood flour; HDPE; mechanical properties; surface characteristics ID DENSITY-POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES; PROCESSING METHOD; FLOUR COMPOSITES; CHEMISTRY AB Much of the current growth of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) is due to increased penetration into the decking market; therefore it has become imperative to understand the durability of WPCs in outdoor applications. In this study, wood flour filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were manufactured through either injection molding or extrusion. A set of extruded composites were also planed to remove the extruded surface. Composites were weathered in a xenon-arc weathering apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology of the composite surface. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was useful in showing the loss of wood particles from the surface after weathering. Contact angle was higher for the extruded and planed composites compared with the injection molded composites, and was shown using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to be due to lubricant used as a processing aid. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Sect, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Sect, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM nstark@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 81 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1883 EP 1890 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.06.017 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 231MF UT WOS:000250950300016 ER PT J AU Cogburn, LA Porter, TE Duclos, MJ Simon, J Burgess, SC Zhu, JJ Cheng, HH Dodgson, JB Burnside, J AF Cogburn, L. A. Porter, T. E. Duclos, M. J. Simon, J. Burgess, S. C. Zhu, J. J. Cheng, H. H. Dodgson, J. B. Burnside, J. TI Functional genomics of the chicken - A model organism SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE transcriptome; proteome; metabolome; systems biology; gene network ID MAREKS-DISEASE-VIRUS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; PRIMORDIAL GERM-CELLS; SUBMINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS; VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; EMBRYONIC CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; TURKEY REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; IN-SILICO IDENTIFICATION; VERTEBRATE GENE-FUNCTION AB Since the sequencing of the genome and the development of high-throughput tools for the exploration of functional elements of the genome, the chicken has reached model organism status. Functional genomics focuses on understanding the function and regulation of genes and gene products on a global or genome-wide scale. Systems biology attempts to integrate functional information derived from multiple high-content data sets into a holistic view of all biological processes within a cell or organism. Generation of a large collection (similar to 600K) of chicken expressed sequence tags, representing most tissues and developmental stages, has enabled the construction of high-density microarrays for transcriptional profiling. Comprehensive analysis of this large expressed sequence tag collection and a set of similar to 20K full-length cDNA sequences indicate that the transcriptome of the chicken represents approximately 20,000 genes. Furthermore, comparative analyses of these sequences have facilitated functional annotation of the genome and the creation of several bioinformatic resources for the chicken. Recently, about 20 papers have been published on transcriptional profiling with DNA microarrays in chicken tissues under various conditions. Proteomics is another powerful high-throughput tool currently used for examining the dynamics of protein expression in chicken tissues and fluids. Computational analyses of the chicken genome are providing new insight into the evolution of gene families in birds and other organisms. Abundant functional genomic resources now support large-scale analyses in the chicken and will facilitate identification of transcriptional mechanisms, gene networks, and metabolic or regulatory pathways that will ultimately determine the phenotype of the bird. New technologies such as marker-assisted selection, transgenics, and RNA interference offer the opportunity to modify the phenotype of the chicken to fit defined production goals. This review focuses on functional genomics in the chicken and provides a road map for large-scale exploration of the chicken genome. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim Sci & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. INRA, Stn Rech Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Delaware, Inst Biotechnol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Cogburn, LA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM cogburn@udel.edu RI Nolen, Danielle/A-5250-2010; Crozier, Laura/C-5891-2011 NR 322 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2059 EP 2094 PG 36 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 214UV UT WOS:000249764600003 PM 17878436 ER PT J AU Dunkley, KD McReynolds, JL Hume, ME Dunkley, CS Callaway, TR Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, K. D. McReynolds, J. L. Hume, M. E. Dunkley, C. S. Callaway, T. R. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Molting in Salmonella Enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. II. Fermentation and microbial ecology response SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Enteritidis; microbial ecology; alfalfa; molting; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIETARY FIBER; LEGHORN HENS; FORCED MOLT; COLONIZATION; FRAGMENTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AMPLIFICATION AB The objective of this study was to examine microbial population shifts and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) responses in the gastrointestinal tract of Salmonella Enteritidis-challenged molted and nonmolted hens fed different dietary regimens. Fifteen Salmonella-free Single Comb Leghorn hens (> 50 wk old) were assigned to 3 treatment groups of 5 birds each based on diet in 2 trials: 100% alfalfa crumbles (ALC), full-fed (FF, nonmolted) 100% commercial layer ration, and feed withdrawal (FW). A forced molt was induced by either a 12-d alfalfa diet or FW. In all treatment groups, each hen was challenged by crop gavage orally 4 d after molt induction with a 1-mL inoculurn containing 10(6) cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis. Fecal and cecal samples (d 4, 6, 8, 11, and necropsy on d 12) were collected postchallenge. Microbial population shifts were evaluated by PCR-based 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and SCFA concentrations were measured. Total SCFA in fecal and cecal contents for FW molted hens were generally lower (P <= 0.05) in the later stages of the molt period when compared to ALC and FF treatment groups. The overall trend of SCFA in cecal and fecal samples exhibited similar patterns. In trials 1 and 2, hens molted with ALC diet generally yielded more similar amplicon band patterns with the FF hens in both fecal and cecal samples by the end of the molting period than with FW hens. The results of these studies suggest that ALC molted hens supported microflora and fermentation activities, which were more comparable to FF hens than FW hens by the end of the molting period. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Tifton, GA 30602 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety & Microbiol, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McReynolds, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, PO Box 748, Tifton, GA 30602 USA. EM mcreynolds@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2101 EP 2109 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 214UV UT WOS:000249764600005 PM 17878438 ER PT J AU Northcutt, J Smith, D Ingram, KD Hinton, A Musgrove, M AF Northcutt, J. Smith, D. Ingram, K. D. Hinton, A., Jr. Musgrove, M. TI Recovery of bacteria from broiler carcasses after spray washing with acidified electrolyzed water or sodium hypochlorite solutions SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler processing; carcass washing; acidified electrolyzed water; chlorine ID REDUCE ATTACHED SALMONELLA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; POULTRY CARCASSES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; CHICKEN CARCASSES; OXIDIZING WATER; BIRD WASHERS; LACTIC-ACID; EFFICACY AB A study was conducted to investigate the effects of spray washing broiler carcasses with acidified electrolyzed oxidizing water (EO) or sodium hypochlorite (HOCl) solutions for 5, 10, or 15 s. Commercial broiler carcasses were contaminated with 0.1. g of broiler cecal contents inoculated with 105 cells of Campylobacter and 105 cells of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. Numbers of bacteria recovered from unwashed control carcasses were 6.7, 5.9, 6.3, and 3.9 log(10) cfu/mL for total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Salmonella, respectively. Washing in either EO (50 mg/L of sodium hypochlorite, pH 2.4, oxidation reduction potential of 1,180 mV) or HOCl (50 mg/L of sodium hypochlorite, pH 8.0) significantly reduced the levels of bacteria recovered from carcasses (P < 0.05). Carcasses washed with EO had slightly lower levels of total aerobic bacteria (0.3 log(10) cfu/mL) and E. coli (0.2 log(10) cfu/mL) than HOCl-treated carcasses; however, populations of Campylobacter and Salmonella were comparable after washing in either solution. Increasing the carcass washing time from 5 to 10 s lowered the levels of total aerobic bacteria (6.1 vs. 5.8 log(10) cfu/mL), E. coli (4.6 vs. 4.1 log(10) cfu/mL), Campylobacter (5.2 vs. 4.2 log(10) cfu/mL), and Salmonella (2.0 vs. 1.2 log(10) cfu/mL), but no further microbiological reductions occurred when washing time was extended from 10 to 15 s. Data from the present study show that washing poultry carcasses with EO is slightly better (total aerobic bacteria and E. coli) or equivalent to (Campylobacter and Salmonella) washing with HOCl. Washing broiler carcasses for a period equivalent to 2 inside-outside bird washers (10 s) provided greater reductions in carcass bacterial populations than periods simulating 1 (5 s) or 3 inside-outside bird washers (15s). C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Qual Assesment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Egg Qual & Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Northcutt, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jnorthcutt@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2239 EP 2244 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 214UV UT WOS:000249764600023 PM 17878456 ER PT J AU Williams, DJ Miller, DR AF Williams, Douglas J. Miller, Douglass R. TI Stringaspidiotus MacGillivray (Hemiptera : Coccoidea : Diaspididae) a new synonym of Pseudaonidia Cockerell, with a redescription of the type species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE armored scale; Furcaspis; synonym; Pseudaonidia; description AB The genus Striligaspidiotus MacGillivray, 1921 is synonymized with Pseudaonidia Cockerell, 1897 as a junior subjective synonym (new synonymy) and the type species of Stringaspidiotus (Aspidiotus (Pseudaonidia) curcliginis Green) is redescribed and illustrated. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Williams, DJ (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM douglass.miller@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 773 EP 778 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400003 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI A new species of Jurinella (Diptera : Tachinidae) from the Dominican Republic with a key to genera of the tribe Tachinini from the Caribbean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tachinidae; Tachinini; Jurinella; Caribbean; taxonomy AB Jurinella baoruco, n. sp.. (Diptera: Tachinidae) is described and illustrated from the Sierra de Baoruco, Dominican Republic. A key to the genera of Tachinini from the Caribbean is presented. Two new generic synonyms are proposed: Hystriciella Townsend, 1915 and Parajurinia Townsend, 1928 both Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, resulting in Jurinella pilosa (Drury), new combination and Jurinella obesa (Townsend), new combination. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemant Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemant Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 856 EP 862 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400014 ER PT J AU Gates, MW Smith, DR AF Gates, M. W. Smith, David. R. TI Endobia donacis Erdos (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) newly reported from the Western Hemisphere, and a review of the genus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea; Eurytomidae; Endobia; new record; new synonymy; Western Hemisphere AB The distribution of Endobia Erdos (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), containing, the nominal taxa E donacis Erdos and E. indica Mani and Kaul, is reviewed. Endobia donacis is reported for the first time from the Western Hemisphere (Fairfax Co., Virainia, USA). This species is discussed and its host associations Summarized. Endobia indica is synonymized with E donacis (n. syn.). C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gates, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.gates@ars.usda.gov; dave.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 868 EP 871 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400016 ER PT J AU Diaz, AE Solis, MA AF Diaz, Ana Elizabeth Solis, M. Alma TI A new species and species distribution records of Neoleucinodes (Lepidoptera : Crambidae : Spilomelinae) from Colombia feeding on Solanum sp. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Colombia; Solanum; Solanaceae; larvae; morphology AB Neoleucinodes silvaniae, n. sp., from Colombia, is described. The larvae feed on the fruit Of Wild Solanum lanceifolium Jacq. Adults and larvae of the new species are figured. The new species is compared to Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenee), a major pest of tomatoes throughout South America. Neoleucinodes prophetica (Dyar), N. imperialis (Guenee), and N. torvis Capps are reported from Colombia for the first time. C1 CORPOICA, Programa Manejo Integrado Plagas, CI Palmira, Colombia. USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Diaz, AE (reprint author), CORPOICA, Programa Manejo Integrado Plagas, CI Palmira, Colombia. EM anadiaz@telesat.com.co; alma.solis@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 897 EP 908 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400020 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH Hicks, AL AF McKamey, S. H. Hicks, A. L. TI A new subspecies, replacement names, and spelling fixations for species of Deltocephalinae and Macropsinae (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Membracoidea; leafhopper; new names; subspecies; nomenclature ID HOMOPTERA-CICADELLIDAE; REGION; LEAFHOPPERS AB Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes are made to align the classification of Deltocephalinae with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The new subspecies, Tetartostylus parabolatus spinus, is described, Balclutha frontalis Ferrari is reinstated as valid, and nine replacement names are given: Balclutha flavidella, Cephalius villiersi, Exitianus evansi, Hecalus chilensis, Macropsis ishiharai, Scaphytopius delongi, Scaphytopius (Cloanthanus) linnavuorii, Sorhoanus lii, and Thamnotettix matsumurai. Additionally, the principle of first revisor is applied to fix the correct spellings of 13 species spelled multiple ways within their original descriptions. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov; andrew.hicks@colorado.edu NR 88 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 930 EP 937 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400024 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Zachariades, C AF Brown, John W. Zachariades, Costas TI A new species of Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Grapholitini) from Jamaica: A potential biocontrol agent against Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Dichrorampha odorata Brown and Zachariades, new species, is described and illustrated from Jamaica. It is most similar to D. sapodilla Heppner among described species, both superficially and in the male genitalia. However, the two are easily separated by the long costal fold of the male forewing of D. odorata, which is absent in D. sapodilla. The shapes of the valva and cucullus also distinguish the two. The related D. azteca Walsingham, revised status, which shares a distinct male forewing costal fold with D. odorata, is returned to Dichrorampha. Dichrorampha odorata induces galls in the shoot tips of the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Robinson (Asteraceae), commonly known as triffid, Jack-in-the-bush, bitter bush, Christmas bush, and Siam weed. The new species appears to have considerable potential as a biological control agent against this weedy shrub in South Africa. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. ARC Plant Protect Res Inst, Weeds Res Div, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov; zachariadesc@arc.agric.za NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 938 EP 947 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400025 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Development and taxonomic value of dorsal tertiary fringe scales on the wings of adult mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE dorsal tertiary fringe scales; wing; diptera; Culicidae; anophelinae; culicinae; aedim; aedeomyiini; culicini; culisetini; mansonimi; orthopodomyiini; sabethini; toxorhynchitini; uranotaeniini ID LIFE STAGES; CLASSIFICATION; PHYLOGENY AB The condition of dorsal tertiary fringe scales on the wings of females and males for numerous species of tribe Aedini and representative species of other culicid tribes and subfamily Anophelinae is noted. With few exceptions the presence or absence of these scales appears to be consistent for species included in well-defined generic-level taxa. C1 USDA, ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, WRBU, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM John.Reinert@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 948 EP 956 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 222IA UT WOS:000250288400026 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Caspersen, AM AF Volk, Gayle M. Caspersen, Ann M. TI Plasmolysis and recovery of different cell types in cryoprotected shoot tips of Mentha X piperita SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE vitrification; cryopreservation; plasmolysis; cryoprotectant; liquid nitrogen; Mentha x piperita ID SUSPENSION CELLS; CRYOPRESERVATION; VITRIFICATION; PLASMODESMATA; MINT; PLANTLETS; SURVIVAL; CULTURES; TISSUE; APICES AB Successful cryopreservation of plant shoot tips is dependent upon effective desiccation through osmotic or physical processes. Microscopy techniques were used to determine the extent of cellular damage and plasmolysis that occurs in peppermint (Mentha x piperita) shoot tips during the process of cryopreservation, using the cryoprotectant plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) (30% glycerol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide, 15% ethylene glycol, 0.4 M sucrose) prior to liquid-nitrogen exposure. The meristem cells were the smallest and least plasmolyzed cell type of the shoot tips, while the large, older leaf and lower cortex cells were the most damaged. When treated with cryoprotectant solutions, meristem cells exhibited concave plasmolysis, suggesting that this cell type has a highly viscous protoplasm, and protoplasts have many cell wall attachment sites. Shoot tip cells were most severely plasmolyzed after PVS2 treatment, liquid-nitrogen exposure, and warming in 1.2 M sucrose. Successful recovery may be dependent upon surviving the plasmolytic conditions induced by warming and diluting treated shoot tips in 1.2 M sucrose solutions. In peppermint shoot tips, clumps of young meristem or young leaf cells survive the cryopreservation process and regenerate plants containing many shoots. Cryoprotective treatments that favor survival of small, meristematic cells and young leaf cells are most likely to produce high survival rates after liquid-nitrogen exposure. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 19 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PD OCT PY 2007 VL 231 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s00709-007-0251-1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 219ED UT WOS:000250066600011 PM 17603746 ER PT J AU Kaakoush, NO Miller, WG De Reuse, H Mendz, GL AF Kaakoush, Nadeem O. Miller, William G. De Reuse, Hilde Mendz, George L. TI Oxygen requirement and tolerance of Campylobacter jejuni SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; oxygen susceptibility; oxygen requirement; metronidazole resistance ID METRONIDAZOLE RESISTANCE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR-BASIS; AEROTOLERANCE; COLONIZATION; METABOLISM; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY AB The pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is considered a microaerophile yet has been shown to grow in vitro in atmospheres with partial oxygen tension of 21%. To achieve a better understanding of its microaerophily, the oxygen requirement and tolerance of four C. jejuni strains were investigated by measuring their growth under different conditions, by performing bioinformatic analyses and by determining their metronidazole resistance. At high cell densities, C. jejuni showed similar growth under microaerobic and fully aerobic oxygen tensions, but did not grow under oxygen-depleted conditions. At low cell densities, the bacteria grew only under microaerobic conditions. Eighteen genes were identified bio-informatically as potential contributors to the differences in oxygen tolerance between strains. Among them, cj0203, cj0264c, cj0415, cj0425, cj0628, cj0629 and cj0864 were considered the top potential contributors. The oxygen tolerance of the four C. jejuni strains was different, and this tolerance positively correlated with their resistance to metronidazole. This study provided evidence that C. jejuni was an obligate microaerophile. The data indicated that the strains had different oxygen tolerances; it suggested that they could result in phenotypic and physiological differences between strains grown under the same conditions. These differences could modulate the outcome of experiments, and may explain discrepancies in the results between strains. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaakoush, Nadeem O.; Mendz, George L.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Miller, William G.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [De Reuse, Hilde] Inst Pasteur, Unite Pathogenie Bacterienne Muqueuses, F-75724 Paris, France. RP Mendz, GL (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM n.kaakoush@student.unsw.edu.au; bmiller@pw.usda.gov; hdereuse@pasteur.fr; g.mendz@unsw.edu.au OI Kaakoush, Nadeem Omar/0000-0003-4017-1077 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 158 IS 8-9 BP 644 EP 650 DI 10.1016/j.resmic.2007.07.009 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 250UZ UT WOS:000252328100003 PM 17890061 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Kannan, L Pillai, PB Huff, WE Huff, GR Horst, RL Emmert, JL AF Rath, N. C. Kannan, L. Pillai, P. B. Huff, W. E. Huff, G. R. Horst, R. L. Emmert, J. L. TI Evaluation of the efficacy of vitamin D3 or its metabolites on thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; tibial dyschondroplasia; vitamin D; thiram ID BROILER-CHICKENS; GROWTH-PLATE; DIETARY 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; PREVENTION; POULTRY; CHONDROCYTES; PHOSPHORUS; EXPRESSION; MYOPATHY; CALCIUM AB Two trials were conducted to determine if thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in chickens was linked to a vitamin D deficiency and calcium homeostasis dysregulation, and whether feeding vitamin D fortified diets may prevent it. Day-old chickens were given grower diets containing different vitamin D products throughout the experiment until necropsy on day 16. Half of the birds in each feed group received thiram at levels of 100 ppm (trial 1) or 50 ppm (trial 2) between days 7-9 to induce TD. The birds were weighed, bled, and euthanized to determine TD incidences and severity by examining the growth plates. Tibial bones were used to measure biomechanical strength and ash content. Blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase were measured in serum that showed no differences between different groups. Thiram reduced body weight and induced TD regardless of any vitamin D treatment to the same extent as untreated birds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM nrath@uark.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 83 IS 2 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.12.008 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 195LR UT WOS:000248414200017 PM 17307209 ER PT J AU Campbell, GA Medina, MB Mutharasan, R AF Campbell, Gossett A. Medina, Marjorie B. Mutharasan, Raj TI Detection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B at picogram levels using piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever sensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE immumosensor; mass change; flow cell; resonance frequency ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PEMC SENSORS; SURFACE; BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; TOXIN; FLUORESCENCE; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN AB We report a highly sensitive and rapid method for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) at picogram levels using a piezoelectric -excited millimeter- sized cantilever (PEMC) sensor. Affinity purified polyclonal antibody to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (anti-SEB) was immobilized on the aminated cantilever glass surface, followed by exposure of SEB containing samples flowing at a rate of 1 mL/min. The binding of SEB was measured by monitoring the sensor's fundamental resonance frequency. The fundamental frequencies in air and under liquid immersion were 17.50 +/- 0.01 kHz and 10.37 +/- 0.01 kHz, respectively. Binding of SEB to the sensor surface resulted in an exponential decrease of the resonance frequency and reached a steady state frequency change of 31 +/- 1 Hz (n = 2) and 208 +/- 1 Hz (n = 2) corresponding to SEB concentrations of 50 pg/mL and 12.5 ng/mL. respectively. In each experiment, the bound SEB was released by a pH 2.0 HCI/PBS solution and the sensor response was nearly identical to the frequency change caused by attachment. Full antibody surface regeneration was obtained after the release by rinsing, the sensor with PBS pH 7.4. We report the detection limit of PEMC sensors to SEB is between 12.5 pg/mL and 50 pg/mL. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mutharasan, R (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, 32nd and Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mutharasan@drexel.edu RI Mutharasan, Raj/H-2676-2013 OI Mutharasan, Raj/0000-0002-3734-5438 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 2 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.03.021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 220SZ UT WOS:000250178900002 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Kennedy, AC Halvorson, JJ Yang, CH AF Ibekwe, A. Mark Kennedy, Ann C. Halvorson, Jonathan J. Yang, Ching-Hong TI Characterization of developing microbial communities in Mount St. Helens pyroclastic substrate SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE community structure; pioneering communities; recultivation; carbon (C); nitrogen (N); mount St. Helens; phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA); pyroclastic substrate; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FATTY-ACIDS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SOIL; DIVERSITY; CULTIVATION; BIOMASS; LUPINE; FIELD; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES AB The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens created a unique opportunity to study microbial communities in a developing soil ecosystem 14 containing little total carbon (C) or total nitrogen (N). We collected surface samples (0-5 cm) from areas near Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument 17 years after the eruption. The samples were from bare soil with no plant development, soil under living prairie lupine (Lupinus lepidus) and dead prairie lupine in the pyroclastic plain near Spirit Lake, Washington. We also collected soil from a nearby forested area. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) from pyroclastic materials were analyzed to determine changes in soil microbial composition. Total bacterial DNA was also extracted from the soils and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes and DNA sequence analysis of cloned 16S rRNA gene libraries were used to determine the influence of plants on microbial development. Both principal components analysis (PCA) of PLFA fingerprints and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) of DGGE fingerprints distinguished the four soils. Lupine plants influenced the PLFA and DGGE fingerprints depending on the distance of the samples from the plant. DGGE and PLFA profiles from the forest soil were significantly different (P = 0.001, based on Monte Carlo permutation test) from those of the bare soil and soil with live lupine. Bacterial clone libraries were constructed, and 800 clones were analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and grouped into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total of 51, 77, 58, and 42 different OTUs were obtained from forest soil ' soil with live and dead lupine, and bare soil, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 62% of the 228 OTUs were classified as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacterium, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, and candidate divisions TM7 and OPIO. Members of Proteobacteria represented 29% of the OTUs. Thirty-eight percent of the OTUs could not be classified into known bacterial divisions. This study emphasized the role of prairie lupine in the establishment of pioneering microbial communities and the subsequent roles the biotic components played in improving the quality of pyroclastic soil. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Beavers, WV 25813 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2496 EP 2507 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.010 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 201HQ UT WOS:000248822500007 ER PT J AU Esquilin, AEJ Stromberger, ME Massman, WJ Frank, JM Shepperd, WD AF Esquilin, Aida E. Jimenez Stromberger, Mary E. Massman, William J. Frank, John M. Shepperd, Wayne D. TI Microbial community structure and activity in a Colorado Rocky Mountain forest soil scarred by slash pile burning (vol 39, pg 1111, 2007) SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stromberger, ME (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Stromberger, Mary/C-3070-2013 OI Stromberger, Mary/0000-0002-5862-2932 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2700 EP 2700 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.005 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 201HQ UT WOS:000248822500033 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Lee, BD Shouse, P de Koff, JP AF Dungan, Robert S. Lee, Brad D. Shouse, Peter de Koff, Jason P. TI Saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils blended with waste foundry sands SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beneficial use; foundry sand; green sand; pedotransfer function; saturated hydraulic conductivity ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PEAT MIXTURES; TEXTURE AB Beneficial uses are being sought after for the large quantities of waste foundry sand (WFS) that are landfilled. Potential applications include their use in synthetic soils and incorporation into agricultural soils. In this laboratory study, we investigated the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) of sandy loam, loam, silty clay, and clay soils that were blended with WFS. Each soil was blended with 0% to 50% green sand (bentonite-coated sand) from an iron and aluminum foundry and a phenolic urethane no-bake sand from a steel foundry. The soils and foundry blends were packed into fixed-wall columns, and K-s was assessed using the constant and falling head methods. The results showed that Ks generally increased in a linear manner as the WFS blending ratio was increased in the soils. Compared with soil only, K-s increases were the greatest in the loam and silty clay soils; at 50% WFS, K-s was as much as 235- and 600-fold higher, respectively. However, K-s was lower over the blending range in soils containing green sands that were predominantly coated with sodium bentonite as compared with calcium bentonite. We attribute this to the high swelling properties of sodium bentonite. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Bldg 306,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 10 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31812f4f72 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 222BR UT WOS:000250271600002 ER PT J AU Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL Teasdale, JR Rosecrance, RC Rowland, RA AF Sadeghi, Ali M. Starr, James L. Teasdale, John R. Rosecrance, Rickard C. Rowland, Randy A. TI Real-time soil profile water content as influenced by weed-corn competition SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multisensor capacitance probe; evapotranspiration; water deficit; drought; weeds ID CAPACITANCE PROBES; ZEA-MAYS; MOISTURE; INTERFERENCE; DYNAMICS; CALIBRATION; ATRAZINE; TILLAGE; STRESS; CROP AB Weeds compete with crops for belowground resources; however, there is little detailed information on relative dynamics of soil water during competitive interactions. This research was conducted to determine changes in soil-water storage (CSWS) in rain-fed no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.) production in the presence or absence of weed competition over two droughty growing seasons. Weeds at the experimental site were composed primarily of fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), which represented > 90% of plants present in both years. Corn-row soil-water infiltration and losses as CSWS were studied with multisensory capacitance probes that determined water status at depths of 5-15, 15-25, 25-35, and 35-45 cm on 10-min intervals. Total biomass (corn plus weed) was higher in weedy plots than in weed-free plots. Compared with weed-free plots, corn biomass was reduced by 28% in 1998 and by 21% in 1999 by weeds; a decrease defined by the same linear rate of 0.85 g corn per 1 g of weed in both years. Early-season CSWS was higher in weedy than weed-free corn and was most likely accounted for by water accessed by the approximately 10-fold higher weed than corn population. The differential in early-season CSWS between weedy and weed-free corn was highest at the 15- to 25-cm depth, and corn biomass was most correlated with this early-season CSWS values at 15 to 25 cm. Multisensor probes allowed quantitative assessment of soil-water changes within different soil layers during the growing seasons. These results suggest that the water deficit created by early root proliferation and water uptake by weeds specifically at 15 to 25 cm was most likely the cause of corn biomass reductions in these two experimental years. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Chico, CA 95929 USA. RP Sadeghi, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ali.Sadeghi@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 10 BP 759 EP 769 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e3180de4a14 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 222BR UT WOS:000250271600003 ER PT J AU Penn, CJ Bryant, RB Needelman, B Kleinman, P AF Penn, Chad J. Bryant, Ray B. Needelman, Brian Kleinman, Peter TI Spatial distribution of soil phosphorus across selected new york dairy farm pastures and hay fields SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water quality; nutrient distribution; phosphorus spatial variability; manure management; phosphorus in pastures ID DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE WATERS; VARIABILITY; SATURATION; MEHLICH-3; SORPTION; LOSSES; BERMUDAGRASS AB Despite concerns that traditional soil sampling strategies are insufficient for assessing risk of surface water P contamination, there is no consensus that changes to these strategies, such as spatially explicit or discrete soil sampling within a field, represent enough of an improvement to justify the added cost. We conducted a study on four fields located on two dairy farms in Delaware County, New York, to characterize the spatial variability of P, Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe within two pastures and two hay fields at a 10-m scale and to interpret soil test P distribution relative to landscape and cultural practices. Pasture P distribution was characterized by various P "hot spots" that may be indicative of manure deposits by grazing animals. Hay fields contained large areas with elevated P relative to the rest of the field, with high-P areas occurring mostly near the gate and road where manure applications would be most accessible. Differences in soil properties associated with different soil map units also appear to partially explain P and Fe distributions in the mixed hay field. Results from a rainfall simulation study suggest that the use of a composite sampling strategy or an average P value for an entire field can potentially mask soil test P patterns such as those in the hay fields and result in an inaccurate estimation of P losses to surface waters. However, a composite sampling strategy may give a better estimation of P losses from pastures with "hot spots" because of the compositing effect whereby soluble P concentrations are affected by sorption processes that are controlled by low-P sediments. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Penn, CJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM chad.penn@okstate.edu NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 10 BP 797 EP 810 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3180d0a3c0 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 222BR UT WOS:000250271600006 ER PT J AU Codling, EE AF Codling, Eton E. TI Long-term effects of lime, phosphorus, and iron amendments on water-extractable arsenic, lead, and bioaccessible lead from contaminated orchard soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE urbanization; lead-contaminated soil ID AMENDED SOILS; PHOSPHATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; FERRIHYDRITE; ADSORPTION; APATITE; PB; PH AB Lead arsenate was used on orchard soils as a pesticide from 1900 to 1960. An in vitro method has been used to determine the bioaccessiblity of Pb in soils contaminated by Pb paint, fossil fuel combustion, and metallurgical industries. The Pb fraction that is potentially bioavailable from orchard soils, however, has not been reported. Potential reductions in availability of Pb and As as a result of amendment addition have also not been explored. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the effects of lime, phosphate (P), and iron (Fe) amendments, on water-extractable As and Pb in 2 orchard soils and (ii) determine the fraction of total Pb that is potentially bioaccessible in the amended soils. Two orchard soils, Thurmont loam and Burch loam, with total Pb of 676 and 482 mg kg(-1) and As of 133 and 93 mg kg(-1) respectively, were used. Soil pH increased over time with P application but not with Fe. Phosphate and Fe + P increased water-extractable As and Pb in both soils. Bioaccessible Pb was 57 and 42% of the total Pb for Thurmont and Burch soils, respectively, when Fe + P was added. Although the Fe + P treatment-reduced bioaccessible Pb, levels were high enough to be potential health risk if these lands are urbanized. Further studies are warranted to determine the levels of phosphorus that will be effective in reducing water-extractable As and Pb in these orchard soils. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM eton.codling@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 10 BP 811 EP 819 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3180dc9aa3 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 222BR UT WOS:000250271600007 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB AF Wuest, Stewart B. TI Surface versus incorporated residue effects on water-stable aggregates SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil aggregation; crop residue; tillage; water-stable aggregates; no-till ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; INFILTRATION; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; CARBON AB Reduced tillage methods for field crop production result in less disruption of soil structure and often increased amounts of crop residue maintained on the soil surface. The combination of these two factors produces increased surface soil aggregation. This study was conducted in the field and within pots to determine whether surface residue by itself improves soil aggregation within a short period of time. The soil was a silt loam loess deposit in the Pacific Northwest, USA, where summers are hot and dry, and most precipitation (420 mm) is received during the mild winters. Two pot studies were conducted over winter, one under a shelter with controlled irrigations (183 mm), and the other outdoors receiving natural precipitation (77 mm). In both pot studies 640 g m(-2) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue was either placed on the surface of the soil or thoroughly mixed into the soil. The field study was conducted on plots where, for the past 7 years, wheat crop residues were either incorporated through chisel/disk tillage or removed before tillage and replaced on the surface after tillage. The field stud included plots where wheat was grown with no tillage. In the pots. there was no significant effect due to residue treatment on aggregate mean weight diameter, measured monthly for 4 winter months. This was true despite dissolved organic carbon being leached from the surface residue. In the 7-year-old field plots, replacing residues on the surface resulted in slightly greater mean weight diameter of aggregates at 5-10 cm depth compared to the mixed residue treatment. The no-till plots had significantly greater mean weight diameter at 0-5 cm depth than either tilled treatment. Our conclusion is that surface residue by itself failed to increase aggregation of tilled surface soil within the first rainy season after tillage. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM stewart.wuest@oregonstate.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.still.2007.05.001 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 227WV UT WOS:000250689400013 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Reeves, DW Shaw, JN van Santen, E Mask, PL AF Raper, R. L. Reeves, D. W. Shaw, J. N. van Santen, E. Mask, P. L. TI Benefits of site-specific subsoiling for cotton production in Coastal Plain soils SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE site-specific; precision agriculture; subsoiling; soil compaction; draft; drawbar power ID TILLAGE; COMPACTION; YIELD; RAINFALL; STRENGTH; SYSTEMS AB The negative impacts of soil compaction on crop yields can often be alleviated by subsoiling. However, this subsoiling operation is often conducted at unnecessarily deep depths wasting energy and excessively disturbing surface residue necessary for erosion control and improved soil quality. A corn (Zea mays L.)-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) rotation experiment was conducted over 4 years on a Coastal Plain soil with a hardpan in east-central Alabama to evaluate the potential for site-specific subsoiling (tilling just deep enough to eliminate the hardpan layer) to improve crop yields while conserving energy. Seed cotton yield showed benefits of subsoiling (2342 kg/ha) compared to the no-subsoiling treatment (2059 kg/ha). Averaging over all years of the study, site-specific subsoiling produced cotton yields (2274 kg/ha) statistically equivalent to uniform deep subsoiling at a 45 cm depth (2410 kg/ha) while not excessively disturbing surface soil and residues. Significant reductions in draft force were found for site-specific subsoiling (59% and 35%) as compared to uniform deep subsoiling at a 45 cm depth in shallow depth hardpan plots (25 cm) and medium depth hardpan plots (35 cm), respectively. Calculated fuel use for site-specific subsoiling was found to be reduced by 43% and 27% in the shallow and medium depth hardpan plots, respectively, as compared to uniform deep subsoiling in these same plots. Producers in the Coastal Plains who can determine (or who know) the depth of their root-impeding layer and perform site-specific subsoiling can have comparable cotton yields to traditional uniform depth subsoiling with reduced energy requirements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS J Phil Campbell, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.still.2007.05.004 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 227WV UT WOS:000250689400018 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Schomberg, HH Singh, BP Whitehead, WF Tillman, PG Lachnicht-Weyers, SL AF Sainju, Upendra M. Schomberg, Harry H. Singh, Bharat P. Whitehead, Wayne F. Tillman, P. Glynn Lachnicht-Weyers, Sharon L. TI Cover crop effect on soil carbon fractions under conservation tillage cotton SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cover crop; organic carbon; microbial carbon; carbon mineralization; on-farm study; soil quality; cropping system ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; IRRIGATED COTTON; MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; SORGHUM; POOLS; WHEAT AB Cover crops may influence soil carbon (C) sequestration and microbial biomass and activities by providing additional residue C to soil. We examined the influence of legume [crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)], nonlegume [rye (Secale cereale L.)], blend [a mixture of legumes containing balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum Savi), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and crimson clover], and rye + blend mixture cover crops on soil C fractions at the 0-150 ram depth from 2001 to 2003. Active fractions of soil C included potential C mineralization (PCM) and microbial biomass C (MBC) and slow fraction as soil organic C (SOC). Experiments were conducted in Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Plinthic Kandiudults) under dryland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in central Georgia and in Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Kandiudults) under irrigated cotton in southern Georgia, USA. Both dryland and irrigated cotton were planted in strip tillage system where planting rows were tilled, thereby leaving the areas between rows untilled. Total aboveground cover crop and cotton C in dryland and irrigated conditions were 0.72-2.90 Mg C ha(-1) greater in rye + blend than in other cover crops in 2001 but was 1.15-2.24 Mg C ha(-1) greater in rye than in blend and rye + blend in 2002. In dryland cotton, PCM at 50-150 mm was greater in June 2001 and 2002 than in January 2003 but MBC at 0-150 mm was greater in January 2003 than in June 2001. In irrigated cotton, SOC at 0-150 rum was greater with rye + blend than with crimson clover and at 0-50 mm was greater in March than in December 2002. The PCM at 0-50 and 0-150 mm was greater with blend and crimson clover than with rye in April 2001 and was greater with crimson clover than with rye and rye + blend in March 2002. The MBC at 0-50 mm was greater with rye than with blend and crimson clover in April 2001 and was greater with rye, blend, and rye + blend than with crimson clover in March 2002. As a result, PCM decreased by 21-24 g CO2-C ha(-1) d(-1) but MBC increased by 90-224 g CO2-C ha(-1) d(-1) from June 2001 to January 2003 in dryland cotton. In irrigated cotton, SOC decreased by 0.1-1.1 kg C ha(-1) d(-1), and PCM decreased by 10 9 CO2-C ha(-1) d(-1) with rye to 79 9 CO2-C ha(-1) d(-1) with blend, but MBC increased by 13 9 CO2-C ha(-1) d(-1) with blend to 120 9 CO2-C ha(-1) d(-1) with crimson clover from April 2001 to December 2002. Soil active C fractions varied between seasons due to differences in temperature, watercontent, and substrate availability in dryland cotton, regardless of cover crops. In irrigated cotton, increase in crop C input with legume + nonlegume treatment increased soil C storage and microbial biomass but lower C/N ratio of legume cover crops increased C mineralization and microbial activities in the spring. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.still.2007.06.006 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 227WV UT WOS:000250689400021 ER PT J AU Siri-Prieto, G Reeves, DW Raper, RL AF Siri-Prieto, Guillermo Reeves, D. Wayne Raper, Randy L. TI Tillage systems for a cotton-peanut rotation with winter-annual grazing: Impacts on soil carbon, nitrogen and physical properties SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE annual grazing; soil compaction; no-till; soil quality; soil organic carbon ID CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; YIELD; FIELD AB Integrating livestock with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production systems by grazing winter-annuals can offer additional income for producers provided it does not result in yield-limiting soil compaction. We conducted a 3-year field study on a Dothan loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic plinthic kandiudults) in southern Alabama, USA to determine the influence of tillage system prior to cotton-peanut planting on soil properties following winter-annual grazing. Two winter-annual forages [oat (Avena sativa L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium mutiflorum L.)] and four tillage practices [chisel + disk. non-inversion deep tillage (paratill) with and without disking and no-till] were evaluated in a strip-plot design of four replications. We evaluated cone index, bulk density, infiltration, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (N). Paratilling prior to cotton or peanut planting, especially without surface soil tillage, reduced compaction initially to 40 cm and residually to 30 cm through the grazing period in winter. There were no significant differences in cone index, bulk density, or infiltration between forage species. No-tillage resulted in the greatest bulk density (1.65 Mg m(-3)) and lowest infiltration (36% of water applied), while paratilling increased infiltration in no-tillage to 83%. After 3 years, paratilling increased SOC 38% and N 56% near the soil surface (0-5 cm), as compared to concentrations at the beginning of the experiment, suggesting an improvement in soil quality. For coastal plain soils, integrating winter-annual grazing in a cotton-peanut rotation using a conservation tillage system of non-inversion deep tillage (paratill) with no surface tillage can improve soil quality by reducing cone index, increasing infiltration, and increasing SOC in the soil surface. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rep Uruguay, Fac Agron, Dep Prod, Paysandu 60000, Uruguay. USDA, Agr Res Serv, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Soil Dynam Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Siri-Prieto, G (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.still.2007.06.010 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 227WV UT WOS:000250689400026 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Schomberg, HH Endale, DM AF Franzluebbers, A. J. Schomberg, H. H. Endale, D. M. TI Surface-soil responses to paraplowing of long-term no-tillage cropland in the Southern Piedmont USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bulk density; conservation tillage; organic carbon; soil nitrogen; soil quality ID CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION-INCUBATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PHOSPHORUS; STRATIFICATION; INTENSITY; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; RUNOFF AB The type of conservation-tillage management employed could impact surface-soil properties, which could subsequently affect relationships between soil and water quality, as well as with soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. We determined soil bulk density, organic C and N fractions, plant-available N, and extractable P on Typic Kanhapludults throughout a 7-year period, in which four long-term (> 10 years), no-tillage (NT) water catchments (1.3-2.7 ha each) were divided into two treatments: (1) continuation of NT and (2) paraplowing (PP) in autumn (a form of non-inversion deep ripping) with NT planting. Both summer [cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)] and winter [wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incamattan L.)] crops were NT planted throughout the study under each management system. Soil bulk density was reduced with PP compared with NT by as much as 0.15 Mg m(-3), but the extent of reduction was inversely related to the time lag between PP operation and sampling event. Soil organic C became significantly enriched with time during this study under NT (0.49 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)), but not under PP, in which poultry litter was applied equivalent to 5.7 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) to all water catchments. Soil maintained a highly stratified depth distribution of organic C and N fractions and extractable P under both NT and PP. Inability to perform the PP operation in the last year of this study resulted in rapid convergence of soil bulk density between till age systems, suggesting that PP had < 1-year effectiveness on soil loosening. The high energy cost of PP (ca. 30 kW shank(-1)) and the lack of sustained improvement in surface-soil properties put into question the value of PP for improving upon long-term NT management in sandy loam and sandy clay loam Ultisols of the Southern Piedmont USA, unless large effects on crop yield, water quality, or other ecosystem processes warrant its use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.still.2007.07.001 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 227WV UT WOS:000250689400030 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB AF Momany, Frank A. Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. TI DFT study of alpha-maltose: influence of hydroxyl orientations on the glycosidic bond SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE conformation; DFT; B3LYP/6-311++G**; alpha-maltose; band flip; kinks; exocyclic hydroxyls ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; ATOM FORCE-FIELD; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK LEVEL; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; GEOMETRY-OPTIMIZATION; TRISACCHARIDE ERLOSE AB The result of DFT geometry optimization of 68 unique alpha-maltose conformers at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory is described. Particular attention is paid to the hydroxyl group rotational positions and their influence on the glycosidic bond dihedral angles. The orientation of lone pair electrons across the bridging hydrogen bonds are implicated in directing the glycosidic dihedral angles with for example, conformers gg-gg and gt-gt, having different minimum energy conformations for the clockwise (c) and the reverse clockwise (r) forms. Conformers tg-gg, gg-tg, tg-tg, gt-gg, and gg-gt were studied, to understand the intermediate glycosidic bond conformations. The conformation, tg-gg-c, was found to be the lowest energy structure. When the hydroxyl groups on each glucose residue were made to point in opposite directions, i.e., c/r and r/c, the optimized structures were found to have high relative energies. Several optimized 'kink' structures were found around (OH, OH) similar to(-40 degrees, -40 degrees), the lowest relative energy conformation being similar to 3 kcal/mol. "Kink" conformations are observed in crystalline CA-10 and CA-14mers. Band-flip conformations, also observed in X-ray structures of CA-26 fragments, were studied with the lowest energy alpha-maltose conformations similar to 4.0 kcal/mol above the global energy minimum. Several trends in geometry resulting from hydroxyl rotamer directions are described. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1905 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 78 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-0400 EI 1572-9001 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 611 EP 632 DI 10.1007/s11224-007-9191-9 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 235EA UT WOS:000251215100014 ER PT J AU Syring, J Del Castillo, RF Cronn, R Liston, A AF Syring, John Del Castillo, Rafael F. Cronn, Richard Liston, Aaron TI Multiple nuclear loci reveal the distinctiveness of the threatened, neotropical Pinus chiapensis SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE lineage sorting; nuclear phylogeny; Pinaceae; Pinus strobus; phylogenetic conflict ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; DNA-SEQUENCES; DETECTING RECOMBINATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PINACEAE; ALIGNMENTS; INFERENCE; SOFTWARE; MEXICO; GENES AB Pinus chiapensis is a threatened species of pine from southern Mexico and Guatemala. It was first described as a disjunct variety of P. strobus from the eastern United States and Canada. Subsequent morphological work indicates that P. chiapensis is a distinct species, but this interpretation is controversial. To explore the distinctiveness of this taxon, we sequenced three low-copy, unlinked nuclear loci in multiple accessions of P. chiapensis and its three most probable progenitors (P. ayacahuite, P. monticola, and P. strobus). Pinus chiapensis had the lowest combined nucleofide diversity of the four species (0.0031), and had only a single allele rangewide at one locus. Pinus chiapensis does not share alleles with any of the possible progenitors and all of its alleles are monophyletic at two of the three loci. At the third locus, allelic nonmonophyly is statistically indistinguishable from monophyly. While our results show that P. chiapensis is at least as distinct as the remaining three widely accepted species, determination of the most recent common ancestor is complicated by lack of allelic monophyly within potential progenitors and interlocus variability. Based on our sample of individuals and loci, P. ayacahuite appears to be the least likely progenitor, but there is no clear resolution of whether P. chiapensis is more closely related to P. monticola or P. strobus. C1 [Syring, John] Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Billings, MT 59101 USA. [Del Castillo, Rafael F.] Inst Politecn Nacl, CIIDIR Oaxaca, Xoxocotlan 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico. [Cronn, Richard] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liston, Aaron] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Syring, J (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Billings, MT 59101 USA. EM jsyring@msubillings.edu NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 703 EP 717 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 240AK UT WOS:000251559200001 ER PT J AU Poinar, GO Porter, SD Tang, S Hyman, BC AF Poinar, George O., Jr. Porter, Sanford D. Tang, Sha Hyman, Bradley C. TI Allomermis solenopsi n. sp (Nematoda : Mermithidae) parasitising the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Argentina SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY AB Allomermis solenopsi n. sp. (Mermithidae: Nematoda) is described from the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina. Diagnostic characters of the new species include stiff and erect processes on the surface of the mature egg, small female amphids, extension of the latero-medial rows of male genital papillae beyond the middle rows, an obliquely truncate spicule tip and a ventrally swollen male terminus. This is the first record of Allomermis Steiner, 1924 from South America and the first host record for members of this genus. Previous records of mermithids from Solenopsis spp. are summarised. The placement in Allomermis was confirmed by molecular analyses based on nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA sequences, the first such molecular framework for the Mermithidae. The possible life-cycle of the parasite is discussed, with the aim of using A. solenopsi as a biological control agent for fire ants in the United States. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Interdept Grad Program Genet Genom & Bioinformat, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Poinar, GO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM poinarg@science.oregonstate.edu NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s11230-007-9102-x PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 213IF UT WOS:000249659400004 PM 17912617 ER PT J AU Montalvo, JG Von Hoven, TM Davidonis, G AF Montalvo, Joseph G., Jr. Von Hoven, Terri M. Davidonis, Gayle TI Biased experimental fineness and maturity results SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cotton; fineness; maturity; bias; experimental AB In an earlier paper, we developed models and performed computer simulations to understand the variability in coefficients of determination (R-2) between fineness and maturity, micronaire and fineness and micronaire and maturity of cotton. We subsequently concentrated on derivation and testing of several diagnostic models to enhance the R-2 and provide information about the analytical quality (accuracy) of the results. We then introduced modeling of biased were derived based on micronaire values, specifically, Lord's micronaire model. This paper demonstrates testing of a key diagnostic model on two different sample sets of 21 cottons. The results from one sample set - analyzed on the fineness and maturity tester - fit the model. Results from the other sample set - analyzed on both the advanced fiber information system (AFIS) A-2 and AFISPRO - demonstrate a lack of fit to the diagnostic model. This lack of fit is due to bias in the AFIS fineness and maturity measurements compared to the more traditional Lord's micronaire model. As a consequence of the bias, the dynamic range of the AFIS raw data for both fineness and maturity is very narrow. Results are confirmed by image analysis. C1 [Montalvo, Joseph G., Jr.; Von Hoven, Terri M.; Davidonis, Gayle] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Montalvo, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM montalvo@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 77 IS 10 BP 743 EP 755 DI 10.1177/0040517507080674 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 240QO UT WOS:000251602300003 ER PT J AU Li, L van Eck, J AF Li, Li van Eck, Joyce TI Metabolic engineering of carotenoid accumulation by creating a metabolic sink SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; metabolic sink; carotenoid sequestering structures; chromoplasts; Cauliflower Or gene ID TRANSGENIC TOMATO PLANTS; BETA-CAROTENE; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; GOLDEN RICE; BIOSYNTHESIS; POTATO; LYCOPENE; SEQUESTRATION; CHROMOPLASTS; BIOCHEMISTRY AB Carotenoids are highly beneficial for human nutrition and health because they provide essential nutrients and important antioxidants in our diets. However, many food crops, especially the major staple crops contain only trace to low amounts of carotenoids. Although significant progress has been made in developing food crops rich in carotenoids by altering the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, in many cases it has proved to be difficult to reach the desired levels of carotenoid enrichment. The recent identification and characterization of a novel gene mutation in cauliflower reveals that creating a metabolic sink to sequester carotenoids is an important mechanism to control carotenoid accumulation in plants. The successful demonstration of increased carotenoid accumulation in association with the formation of sink structures in transgenic crops offers a new and alternative approach to increase carotenoid content. Manipulation of the formation of metabolic sink along with the catalytic activity of the pathway may represent a promising strategy for maximally improving the nutritional quality of food crops. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM 1137@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1007/s11248-007-9111-1 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 207ST UT WOS:000249272100004 PM 17619157 ER PT J AU Tavva, VS Dinkins, RD Palli, SR Collins, GB AF Tavva, Venkata S. Dinkins, Randy D. Palli, Subba R. Collins, Glenn B. TI Development of a tightly regulated and highly inducible ecdysone receptor gene switch for plants through the use of retinoid X receptor chimeras SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ecdysone receptor; methoxyfenozide; retinoid x receptor; rxr chimera; transgenic plants; two-hybrid gene switch ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; SEVERE GROWTH DEFECTS; EXPRESSION SYSTEM; WHOLE PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; TRANSCRIPTION; TETRACYCLINE; CELLS; RESTORATION; REPRESSOR AB Chemical inducible gene regulation systems provide essential tools for the precise regulation of transgene expression in plants and animals. Recent development of a two-hybrid ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene regulation system has solved some of the drawbacks that were associated with the monopartate gene switch. To further improve the versatility of the two-hybrid EcR gene switch for wide spread use in plants, chimeras between Homo sapiens retinoid X receptor (HsRXR) and insect, Locusta migratoria RXR (LmRXR) were tested in tobacco protoplasts as partners with Choristoneura fumiferana EcR (CfEcR) in inducing expression of the luciferase reporter gene. The RXR chimera 9 (CH9) along with CfEcR, in a two-hybrid format gave the best results in terms of low-background expression levels in the absence of ligand and high-induced expression levels of the reporter gene in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of the methoxyfenozide ligand. The performance of CH9 was further tested in corn and soybean protoplasts and the data obtained was compared with the other EcR switches that contained the wild-type LmRXR or HsRXR as EcR partners. In both transient expression studies and stable transformation experiments, the fold induction values obtained with the CH9 switch were several times higher than the values obtained with the other EcR switches containing LmRXR or HsRXR. The new CfEcR two-hybrid gene switch that uses the RXR CH9 as a partner in inducing reporter gene expression provides an efficient, ligand-sensitive and tightly regulated gene switch for plants. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, ARS Forage Anim Product Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Collins, GB (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 1405 Vet Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM gcollins@uky.edu OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 599 EP 612 DI 10.1007/s11248-006-9054-y PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 207ST UT WOS:000249272100006 PM 17139530 ER PT J AU Scott, MP Peterson, JM Moran, DL Sangtong, V Smith, L AF Scott, M. Paul Peterson, Joan M. Moran, Daniel L. Sangtong, Varaporn Smith, LaTrice TI A wheat genomic DNA fragment reduces pollen transmission of maize transgenes by reducing pollen viability SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Glu1-Dx5; pollen viability; transgene control ID GENE; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; FERTILIZATION; INHERITANCE; TISSUE AB A genomic DNA fragment from wheat carrying the Glu-1Dx5 gene has been shown to exhibit reduced pollen transmission in transgenic maize. To localize the region of the DNA fragment responsible for this reduced pollen transmission, we produced transgenic maize plants in which the wheat genomic DNA proximal to the 1Dx5 coding sequence was replaced with the maize 27 kDa gamma-zein promoter. Like the wheat promoter-driven Glu-1Dx5 transgene, this zein promoter-driven transgene functioned to produce 1Dx5 in maize endosperm. However, with the zein promoter-driven transgene, pollen transmission of the transgene loci was normal in most self- and cross-pollinations. We concluded that the wheat genomic DNA proximal to the wheat 1Dx5 coding sequence was required for reduced pollen transmission of the transgene in maize. In two of four transformation events of the wheat promoter-driven construct examined, pollen exhibited two morphological classes. In one class, pollen was normal in morphology and displayed average viability, and in the second, pollen was reduced in size and did not germinate on artificial media. DNA from the transgene was detectable in mature pollen from plants with reduced pollen transmission of transgene loci. To explain these observations, we hypothesize that elements within the transgene construct interfere with pollen development. We demonstrated that the wheat genomic DNA fragment can be used to control pollen transmission of an herbicide resistance transgene genetically linked to it. The wheat genomic DNA fragment may contain elements that are useful for controlling pollen transmission of transgene loci in commercial maize grain and seed production. C1 USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartment Genet, Ames, IA USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pscott@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 EI 1573-9368 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 629 EP 643 DI 10.1007/s11248-006-9055-x PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 207ST UT WOS:000249272100008 PM 17216545 ER PT J AU Ye, TZ Jayawickrama, KJS Johnson, GR AF Ye, Terrance Z. Jayawickrama, Keith J. S. Johnson, G. R. TI Effliciency of including first-generation information in second-generation ranking and selection: results of computer simulation SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Stochastic simulation; selection efficiency; BLUP; first-generation information; second-generation selection ID TRIALS; PINE AB Using computer simulation, we evaluated the impact of using first-generation information to increase selection efficiency in a second-generation breeding program. Selection efficiency was compared in terms of increase in rank correlation between estimated and true breeding values (i.e., ranking accuracy), reduction in coefficient of variation of correlation coefficients (i.e., ranking reliability), and increase in realized gain, with best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). The test populations were generated with varying parameters: selection strategy (forward vs backward selection of parents); number of parents (24 similar to 96); number of crosses per parent (1 similar to 8); heritability (0.05 similar to 0.35); ratio of dominance to additive variance (0 similar to 3); ratio of additive-by-site to additive variance (0 similar to 3); and ratio of dominance-by-site to additive variance (0 similar to 3). The two selection strategies gave distinct results. When parents of the second-generation crosses had been selected via backward selection, adding first-generation information markedly increased selection efficiency. Conversely, when parents had been selected via forward selection, first-generation information provided little increase in efficiency. The amount of increase depended more on heritabilities in both generations and less on dominance and genotype-by-environment effects. Including first-generation information helped more when there were many parents and few crosses per parent in the second generation. Only in the case of extremely low first-generation heritabilities was there no benefit to adding first-generation information in terms of improved ranking reliability and accuracy. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ye, TZ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Terrance.Ye@oregonstate.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s11295-006-0071-z PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 214QJ UT WOS:000249752900004 ER PT J AU Aradhya, MK Potter, D Gao, F Simon, CJ AF Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K. Potter, Daniel Gao, Fangyou Simon, Charles J. TI Molecular phylogeny of Juglans (Juglandaceae): a biogeographic perspective SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE biogeography; chloroplast DNA; cladogenesis; disjunction; Juglandaceae; Juglans; Noncoding spacer sequence; phylogeny; walnut ID CHLOROPLAST-DNA; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; NONCODING REGIONS; UNIVERSAL PRIMERS; DIVERGENCE TIMES; TERTIARY FLORAS; SEQUENCE DATA; EVOLUTION; TREES AB The eastern Asian and eastem North American disjunction in Juglans offers an opportunity to estimate the time since divergence of the Eurasian and American lineages and to compare it with paleobotanical evidence. Five chloroplast DNA noncoding spacer (NCS) sequences: trnT-trnF, psbA-trnH, atpB-rbcL, trnV-16S rRNA, and trnS-trnfM and data from earlier studies (matK, ITS, and nuclear RFLP) were used to reconstruct phylogeny and to estimate the divergence time of major lineages. Seventeen taxa from four sections of Juglans and two outgroup taxa, Pterocarya stenoptera and Carya illinoiensis were included. NCS data was congruent only with matK data. Both maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) cladograms were concordant at the sectional level and revealed three well-supported monophyletic clades corresponding to sections Juglans, Cardiocaryon, and Rhysocaryon in both NCS and combined analyses. The single extant American butternut, Juglans cinerea was placed within the poorly resolved, but well-supported Rhysocaryon. Placement of taxa within Rhysocaryon and Cardiocaryon were inconsistent between NCS and combined analyses. Overall, the results suggest that: (1) the NCS sequence divergence observed within and between sections of Juglans is low and the addition of matK data only marginally improved resolution within Rhysocaryon; (2) the early divergence of section Juglans in both MP and ML analyses of NCS and combined data implies its ancient origin in contrast to fossil evidence, which suggests the earliest divergence of sections Rhysocaryon and Cardiocaryon; and (3) the extant taxa may not hold the footprints to unravel the evolutionary history of the genus. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Aradhya, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA Germplasm Repository, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aradhya@ucdavis.edu NR 93 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 363 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s11295-006-0078-5 PG 16 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 214QJ UT WOS:000249752900008 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B Housset, J AF Domec, Jean-Christophe Meinzer, Frederick C. Lachenbruch, Barbara Housset, Johann TI Dynamic variation in sapwood specific conductivity in six woody species SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Darcy's law; hydraulic architecture; non-steady; steady; tracheids; vessels; xylem ID MEASURING HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; INTERVASCULAR PIT MEMBRANES; FOREST CANOPY TREES; STEM WATER STORAGE; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; BORDERED PITS; XYLEM CONDUITS; EMBOLISM; CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANCE AB Our goals were to quantify how non-embolism-inducing pressure gradients influence trunk sapwood specific conductivity (k(s)) and to compare the impacts of constant and varying pressure gradients on k(s) with KCl and H2O as the perfusion solutions. We studied six woody species (three conifers and three angiosperms) which varied in pit membrane structure, pit size and frequency of axial water transport across pits (long versus short conduits). Both stepwise ("steady") and nonlinear continuous ("non-steady") decreases in the pressure gradient led to decreased k(s) in all species but white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook), a ring-porous and long-vesseled angiosperm. In one diffuse-porous angiosperm (red alder, Alnus rubra Bong.) and two conifers (western red cedar, Thuja plicata Donn. ex D. Don, and Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), k(s) was 10-30% higher under steady pressure gradients than under non-steady pressure gradients, and a decrease in the pressure gradient from 0.15 to 0.01 MPa m(-1) caused a 20-42% decrease in k(s). In another diffuse-porous angiosperm (maple, Acer macrophyllum Pursh) and in a third coniferous species (western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg), there was no difference between k(s) measured under steady and non-steady pressure gradients. With the exception of western red cedar, a conifer with simple pit membranes, the differences in k(s) between low and high pressure gradients tended to be lower in the conifers than in the diffuse-porous angiosperms. In Douglas-fir, western red cedar and the diffuse-porous angiosperms, k(s) was higher when measured with KCl than with H2O. In white oak, there were no differences in k(s) whether measured under steady or non-steady pressure gradients, or when xylem was perfused with KCl or H2O. The species differences in the behavior of k(s) suggest that elasticity of the pit membrane was the main factor causing k(s) to be disproportionate to the pressure gradient and to the different pressure regimes. The results imply that, if nonlinearities in pressure-flux relationships are ignored when modeling tree water relations in vivo, large errors will result in the predictions of tree water status and its impact on stomatal control of transpiration and photosynthesis. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jc.domec@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 80 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1389 EP 1400 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 221SR UT WOS:000250248100003 PM 17669729 ER PT J AU Day, JM Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Spackman, E AF Day, J. Michael Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Spackman, Erica TI Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 genome segment of turkey-origin reoviruses SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE orthoreovirus; turkey reovirus; p10; p17; SigmaC ID ATTACHMENT PROTEIN SIGMA-1; HEPTAD REPEAT REGION; AVIAN REOVIRUS; INVIVO CHARACTERIZATION; C PROTEIN; GENE; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE; ALIGNMENT; TROPISM AB Based on previous reports characterizing the turkey-origin avian reovirus (TRV) sigma B (sigma 2) major outer capsid protein gene, the TRVs may represent a new group within the fusogenic orthoreoviruses. However, no sequence data from other TRV genes or genome segments has been reported. The sigma C protein encoded by the avian reovirus S1 genome segment is the cell attachment protein and a major antigenic determinant for avian reovirus. The chicken reovirus S1 genome segment is well characterized and is well conserved in viruses from that species. This report details the amplification, cloning and sequencing of the entire S1 genome segment from two and the entire coding sequences of the sigma C, p10 and p17 genes from an additional five TRVs. Sequence analysis reveals that of the three proteins encoded by the TRV S1 genome segment, sigma C shares at most 57% amino acid identity with sigma C from the chicken reovirus reference strain S1133, while the most similar p10 and p17 proteins share 72% and 61% identity, respectively, with the corresponding S1133 proteins. The most closely related mammalian reovirus, the fusogenic Nelson Bay reovirus, encodes a sigma C protein that shares from 25% to 28% amino acid identity with the TRV sigma C proteins. This report supports the earlier suggestion that the TRVs are a separate virus species within the Orthoreovirus genus, and may provide some insight into TRV host specificity and pathogenesis. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM espackman@seprl.usda.gov NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD OCT PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s11262-006-0044-1 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 192AY UT WOS:000248174300013 PM 17265142 ER PT J AU Kirkland, PD Frost, M Finlaison, DS King, KR Ridpath, JF Gu, X AF Kirkland, P. D. Frost, Mt Finlaison, D. S. King, K. R. Ridpath, J. F. Gu, X. TI Identification of a novel virus in pigs-Bungowannah virus: A possible new species of pestivirus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bungowannah virus; Pestivirus; porcine myocarditis syndrome ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION; DIFFERENTIATION; CLASSIFICATION; INFECTION; CATTLE AB In 2003 an outbreak of sudden deaths occurred in 3-4-week-old piglets on a farm in New South Wales, Australia. There was a marked increase in the birth of stillborn foetuses. Pathological changes consisted of a multifocal non-suppurative myocarditis. A viral infection was suspected but a wide range of known agents were excluded. A modified sequence independent single primer amplification (SISPA) method was used to identify a novel virus associated with this outbreak. Conserved 5'UTR motifs, the presence of a putative N-pro coding region and limited antigenic cross-reactivity with other members of the Pestivirus genus, support the placement of this virus in the Pestivirus genus. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5'UTR, N-pro and E2 coding regions showed this virus to be the most divergent pestivirus identified to date. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Elizabeth Macarthur Agr Inst, Virol Lab, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kirkland, PD (reprint author), Elizabeth Macarthur Agr Inst, Virol Lab, PMB 8, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. EM peter.kirkland@dpi.nsw.gov.au NR 17 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.05.002 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 216TM UT WOS:000249901900003 PM 17561301 ER PT J AU Lee, H Swamikannu, X Radulescu, D Kim, SJ Stenstrom, MK AF Lee, Haejin Swamikannu, Xavier Radulescu, Dan Kim, Seung-jai Stenstrom, Michael K. TI Design of stormwater monitoring programs SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE first flush; industrial general permit; monitoring; municipal permit; stormwater ID 1ST FLUSH; URBAN RUNOFF; WATER; POLLUTANTS; FACILITIES; GREASE; OIL AB Stormwater runoff is now the leading source of water pollution in the United States, and stormwater monitoring programs have only recently been developed. This paper evaluates several stormwater monitoring programs to identify ways of increasing the likelihood of identification of high-risk dischargers and increasing data reliability for assisting in the development of total maximum daily loads. No relationship was found between various types of industrial activity or landuse and water quality data. Stormwater data collected with grab samples has much greater pollutant concentration variability than in potable water or wastewater monitoring programs. Industrial land use is an important source of metals. For grab samples, sampling time during the storm event will affect results. Data from California, which has distinct dry periods, showed a seasonal first flush, whereas data from areas with more uniform rainfall throughout the year did not show a seasonal first flush. Selecting a subset of sites from each monitored category using a flow-weighted composite sampler is an alternative strategy, and may result in lower overall cost with improved accuracy and variability in mass emissions, but may not be less successful in identifying high-risk dischargers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, El Ctr Off, El Centro, CA 92243 USA. Los Angeles Reg Water Qual Control Board, California Environm Protect Agcy, Los Angeles, CA 90013 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Stenstrom, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5714 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM stenstro@seas.ucla.edu RI Stenstrom, Michael/A-3177-2008 OI Stenstrom, Michael/0000-0001-6157-0718 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 18 BP 4186 EP 4196 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.016 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 221SO UT WOS:000250247800017 PM 17604075 ER PT J AU Shrefler, JW Brandenberger, LP Webber, CL Roberts, W Payton, ME Wells, LK AF Shrefler, James W. Brandenberger, Lynn P. Webber, Charles L., III Roberts, Warren Payton, Mark E. Wells, Lynda K. TI POST weed control using halosulfuron in direct-seeded watermelon SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broadleaf weed control; watermelon injury ID CRABGRASS DIGITARIA-SANGUINALIS; CITRULLUS-LANATUS; GLYCINE-MAX; HERBICIDES; SOYBEANS; YIELD AB Watermelon growers rotate crops to prevent problems, but weed populations in new fields may hold unexpected control challenges. Having effective POST herbicides would provide growers an opportunity to respond to emerging weeds on an as-needed basis. To address this need, field studies were conducted over 4 yr in Oklahoma to determine efficacy and crop response of POST halosulfuron applications to direct-seeded watermelon that received PRE application of ethalfluralin at 840 g/ha. At 5 wk after crop emergence (WAE) halosulfuron was applied at 18, 27, 36, and 54 g/ha. The 27 g/ha rate was also applied at 1, 2, 3 and 7 WAE. Halosulfuron applications made 5 WAE did not provide acceptable (> 80%) control of pigweeds and cutleaf groundcherry regardless of rate. Applications made I WAE provided significantly better control of pigweeds and cutleaf groundcherry than did later applications. Halosulfuron treatments of 36 and 54 g/ha made 5 WAE and of 27 g/ha made 1, 2 and 3 WAE did not result in significant yield increases compared with the hand-weeded check. These studies show that POST halosulfuron application may be a useful treatment for direct-seeded watermelon. This option would enable more judicious use of herbicides and possible reduction in production costs. C1 [Shrefler, James W.; Brandenberger, Lynn P.; Webber, Charles L., III; Roberts, Warren; Payton, Mark E.; Wells, Lynda K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Area Extens Horticulture Special, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Brandenberger, Lynn P.; Wells, Lynda K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Shrefler, James W.; Brandenberger, Lynn P.; Webber, Charles L., III; Roberts, Warren; Payton, Mark E.; Wells, Lynda K.] USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Shrefler, JW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Area Extens Horticulture Special, Box 128 Lane, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM jim.shrefler@okstate.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 851 EP 856 DI 10.1614/WT-06-175.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247WT UT WOS:000252114000001 ER PT J AU Monks, CD Wehtje, G Burmester, C Price, AJ Patterson, MG Delaney, DP Faircloth, W Woods, MR AF Monks, C. Dale Wehtje, Glenn Burmester, Charles Price, Andrew J. Patterson, Michael G. Delaney, Dennis P. Faircloth, Wilson Woods, Marshall R. TI Glyphosate-resistant cotton response irrigated to glyphosate applied in nonirrigated and conditions SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental stress; glyphosate-resistant cotton; herbicide-tolerant cotton; irrigation; water stress ID FACTORS AFFECTING TOXICITY; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; YIELD DISTRIBUTION; GROWTH STAGE; WATER-STRESS; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; MANAGEMENT; HERBICIDES AB Field experiments were conducted in Alabama during 1999 and 2000 to test the hypothesis that any glyphosate-induced yield suppression in glyphosate-resistant cotton would be less with irrigation than without irrigation. Yield compensation was monitored by observing alterations in plant growth and fruiting patterns. Glyphosate treatments included a nontreated control, 1. 12 kg ai/ha applied POST at the 4-leaf stage, 1. 12 kg/ha applied DIR at the prebloorn stage, and 1. 12 kg/ha applied POST at 4-leaf and postemergence directed (DIR) at the prebloorn cotton stages. The second variable, irrigation treatment, was established by irrigating plots individually with overhead sprinklers or maintaining them under dryland, nonirrigated conditions. Cotton yield and all measured parameters including lint quality were positively affected by irrigation. Irrigation increased yield 52% compared to nonirrigated cotton. Yield and fiber quality effects were independent of glyphosate treatments. Neither yield nor any of the measured variables that reflected whole plant response were influenced by glyphosate treatment or by a glyphosate by irrigation interaction. C1 [Monks, C. Dale; Wehtje, Glenn; Burmester, Charles; Price, Andrew J.; Patterson, Michael G.; Delaney, Dennis P.; Faircloth, Wilson] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Woods, Marshall R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Monks, C. Dale; Wehtje, Glenn; Burmester, Charles; Price, Andrew J.; Patterson, Michael G.; Delaney, Dennis P.; Faircloth, Wilson] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM aprice@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 915 EP 921 DI 10.1614/WT-06-117.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247WT UT WOS:000252114000013 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Wilcut, JW AF Price, Andrew J. Wilcut, John W. TI Response of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) to neighboring plants and objects SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE light response; morningglory biology ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; FAR-RED; LACUNOSA INTERFERENCE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; FIELD COMPETITION; LIGHT; PHOTOTROPISM; GROWTH; PHYTOCHROME; GRAVITROPISM AB Field observations of morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) showed that many plants grew out from places of comparable competitive advantage (alleys in field experiments with little or no vegetation) into neighboring plants or structures that provided climbing support. Of 223 native morningglory plants growing in rows and row middles in a 121-m(2) area within established corn research plots that contained no other weeds, 68% of the mature plants climbed up corn. More significant, of the 152 climbing morningglory plants, 96% grew toward and climbed the row in its closest proximity instead of growing across the row middle. Greenhouse and field experiments were initiated to determine whether morningglory grew preferentially toward certain colored structures or corn plants. Greenhouse-grown ivyleaf morningglory displayed varying frequency in locating and climbing toward black (17%), blue (58%), red (58%), white (67%), green (75%), and yellow (75%) stakes or corn (92%). Pots containing black stakes had the fewest climbing morningglory plants. In the field study, fewer ivyleaf morningglories climbed black structures compared with white- or green-colored structures or corn. The morningglory initial planting distance from colored structures or corn was also significant in the percentage of ivyleaf morningglories that exhibited climbing growth and in its final weight; morningglories that successfully located and climbed structures or corn weighed more and produced more seed than morningglories that remained on the ground. Ivyleaf morningglory appears to respond to spatial distribution of surrounding objects and possibly uses reflectance to preferentially project its stems toward a likely prospective structure for climbing. C1 [Price, Andrew J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wilcut, John W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM aprice@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 922 EP 927 DI 10.1614/WT-06-146.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247WT UT WOS:000252114000014 ER PT J AU Richard, EP Dalley, CD AF Richard, Edward P., Jr. Dalley, Caleb D. TI Sugarcane response to bermudagrass interference SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed competition; weed interference ID CYNODON-DACTYLON INTERFERENCE; L PERS; REGISTRATION; COMPETITION; SACCHARUM; HYBRIDS; GROWTH; COTTON; CORN AB The competitiveness of three phenotypically different sugarcane cultivars with bermudagrass was determined in field trials. In trial one, bermudagrass biomass was 22% less in CP 70-321 than in HoCP 85-845 in the plant-cane crop, but biomass was 130 to 170% greater in CP 70-321 than in the other two cultivars during the second-ratoon crop. CP 70-321 emerges quickly following planting, which might have reduced bermudagrass growth in the plant-cane crop, but the lower stalk population of CP 70-321 might have promoted bermudagrass survival and growth during the second-ratoon crop. In trial two, there were no differences in bermudagrass biomass when comparing its establishment in the different cultivars. Sugarcane, averaged across cultivar, produced fewer stalks and was shorter when competing with bermudagrass. In the plant-cane crop, stalk populations were reduced 13 to 23%. In the first-ratoon crop, stalk population was reduced 8 to 15%. In the second-ratoon crop, stalk population was reduced 8 to 10%. Bermudagrass interference reduced sugar yields by 8 to 32% in the plant-cane crop, with reductions of no more than 9% in the first- and second-ratoon crops. The greater yield loss in the plant-cane crop in the first production year shows the importance of controlling bermudagrass in the summer fallow period prior to planting and during establishment of the plant-cane crop. C1 [Richard, Edward P., Jr.; Dalley, Caleb D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Richard, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM erichard@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.1614/WT-07-035.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247WT UT WOS:000252114000018 ER PT J AU Faircloth, WH Patterson, MG Foshee, WG Nesbitt, ML Goff, WD AF Faircloth, Wilson H. Patterson, Michael G. Foshee, Wheeler G. Nesbitt, Monte L. Goff, William D. TI Comparison of preemergence and postemergence weed control systems in newly established pecan SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mowing; drip irrigation ID CUTLEAF EVENING PRIMROSE; TREE GROWTH; IRRIGATION; FESCUE; YIELD AB Six weed control programs with and without irrigation were investigated in a newly established pecan orchard. Irrigation increased crown diameter growth in only one of seven growing seasons but increased nut yield an average of 35% in the first two bearing years. Weed control program significantly influenced crown diameter beginning in the fourth growing season and continued through season six while also impacting final crown diameter. The use of postemergence (POST) herbicides increased crown diameter a minimum 4 mm vs. preemergence (PRE) herbicides. Mowing neither increased nor decreased crown diameter when used with herbicides; however, when used solely, crown diameter was 29% less. Highest growth rates were obtained with a combination PRE plus POST weed management system. Nut yields were closely linked to growth data. No differences in nut yield were observed between PRE- or POST-herbicide programs alone or in combination with mowing. Mowing alone decreased nut yield 57% vs. herbicide-based approaches. A combination PRE-plus POST-weed control program increased yield 38% vs. all other treatments. C1 [Faircloth, Wilson H.; Patterson, Michael G.; Foshee, Wheeler G.; Nesbitt, Monte L.; Goff, William D.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Faircloth, Wilson H.; Patterson, Michael G.; Foshee, Wheeler G.; Nesbitt, Monte L.; Goff, William D.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Faircloth, Wilson H.; Patterson, Michael G.; Foshee, Wheeler G.; Nesbitt, Monte L.; Goff, William D.] Alabama Cooperat Extens Syst, Fairhope, AL 36532 USA. [Goff, William D.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Faircloth, WH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM wilson.faircloth@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 972 EP 976 DI 10.1614/WT-06-205.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247WT UT WOS:000252114000023 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Bryson, CT Burke, IC AF Reddy, Krishna N. Bryson, Charles T. Burke, Ian C. TI Ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) control with preemergence and postemergence herbicides SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biology; distribution; invasive; management ID EASTERN ETHIOPIA; GRAIN-SORGHUM; MANAGEMENT; WEEDS AB Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted during 2005 and 2006 at Stoneville, MS, to determine control of ragweed parthenium with several preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides registered for use in corn, cotton, peanut, rice, and soybean. Norflurazon, pendimethalin, clomazone, diuron, fluometuron, pyrithiobac, dimethenamid, flumetsulam, imazaquin, s-metolachlor, metribuzin, chlorimuron, atrazine, simazine, flumioxazin, and quinclorac were applied PRE. Ragweed parthenium control was highest with norflurazon (100%) and clomazone (100%) followed by fluometuron (96%), metribuzin (90%), diuron (87%), flumioxazin (84%), chlorimuron (77%), and quinclorac (67%) at 6 wk after treatment (WAT) under greenhouse conditions. Control of ragweed parthenium was less than 58% with all other herbicides. Ragweed parthenium appears to be highly sensitive to pigment and photosynthetic inhibitors compared to herbicides with other modes of action. Glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, bentazon, acifluorfen, chlorimuron, halosulfuron, MSMA, bromoxynil, atrazine, 2,4-D, flumioxazin, trifloxysulfuron, and clomazone were applied POST to field-grown rosette and bolted plants. Glyphosate, glufosinate, chlorimuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied at rosette stage provided greater than 93% control of ragweed parthenium at 3 WAT. Halosulfuron, MSMA, bromoxynil, 2,4-D, and flumioxazin controlled 58 to 90% rosette ragweed parthenium at 3 WAT. Ragweed parthenium control with all other POST herbicides was less than 38%. At bolted stage, glyphosate, glufosinate, and trifloxysulfron controlled 86 to 95% ragweed parthenium and control was 61 to 70% with chlorimuron, halosulfuron, and 2,4-D 3 WAT. Overall, efficacy of POST herbicides was better on rosette plants than on bolted plants. Amino acid synthesis and glutamine synthase inhibitors were more active than herbicides with other modes of action. These results indicate that norflurazon, clomazone, fluometuron, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, chlorimuron, and trifoxysulfuron could provide effective control of ragweed parthenium. C1 [Reddy, Krishna N.; Bryson, Charles T.; Burke, Ian C.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM krishna.reddy@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 982 EP 986 DI 10.1614/WT-07-053.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247WT UT WOS:000252114000025 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Carpinelli, MF Morghan, KJR AF Sheley, Roger L. Carpinelli, Michael F. Morghan, Kimberly J. Reever TI Effects of imazapic on target and nontarget vegetation during revegetation SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; prescribed burn; prescribed fire; revegetation ID WEEDS; HERBICIDES; ASPERUM; GROWTH AB Medusahead is an introduced, winter-annual grass covering millions of hectares of the semiarid West. It forms exclusive stands and has a dense thatch cover that resists the establishment of desirable species. Prescribed fire can remove medusahead litter and improve plant establishment. Medusahead control is fundamental to establishing desirable species that will, in turn, resist further invasion. Imazapic is an effective herbicide for control of medusahead, but more information is needed on its effects on desirable species. Our objectives were to test how imazapic application rate and timing affected medusahead, seeded desirable species, and other nontarget vegetation on burned and unburned rangeland in southeast Oregon. We burned existing medusahead infestations at two different sites in June 2003. Following the burn, imazapic was applied at rates of 0, 35, 70, 105, 140, 175, and 210 g ai/ha between July and October of 2003 in a randomized strip-plot design. In November 2003, monocultures of seven desirable species were drill-seeded across the imazapic treated areas. Data on cover and density of medusahead and seeded species were collected in 2004 and 2005. Cover data of nontarget species were collected in the summer of 2005. Medusahead cover was highest in control plots and lowest in plots that received the highest herbicide application rates. Medusahead cover was lower in burned plots. The effect of imazapic on nontarget vegetation was less clear. Seeded species established in the study plots, but their response to herbicide rate showed few consistent patterns; some of the seeded species showed little response to herbicide, whereas others appeared to establish best at different herbicide rates, depending on site and whether the plots were burned or unburned. Site and burn treatment also affected how imazapic rate or application month influenced cover of perennial or annual grasses or forbs. C1 [Sheley, Roger L.; Morghan, Kimberly J. Reever] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Carpinelli, Michael F.] Grants Soil Survey Off, Grants, NM 87020 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM Roger.Sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 21 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1081 DI 10.1614/WT-06-131.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247WT UT WOS:000252114000039 ER PT J AU Carter, R Bryson, CT Darbyshire, SJ AF Carter, Richard Bryson, Charles T. Darbyshire, Stephen J. TI Preparation and use of voucher specimens for documenting research in weed science SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbarium; herbarium specimen; documentation of research; use of herbarium specimens; preparation of herbarium specimens; handling of herbarium specimens; storage of herbarium specimens ID HERBARIUM SPECIMENS; DNA EXTRACTION; PROTOCOLS; HISTORY; SPREAD AB Voucher specimens and herbarium collections provide the foundation for many aspects of research in the plant sciences. Available for study and verification by contemporary and future workers, voucher specimens promote reproducibility in scientific method because permanent records document identification, distribution, and interspecific and intraspecific variation of species. The utility and importance of voucher specimens and herbarium collections in supporting research in weed science are discussed, and the collection, preparation, documentation, storage, and shipment of voucher specimens are detailed. C1 [Carter, Richard] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Bryson, Charles T.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Darbyshire, Stephen J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cent Expt Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Carter, R (reprint author), Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. EM rcarter@valdosta.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1101 EP 1108 DI 10.1614/WT-07-007.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 247WT UT WOS:000252114000043 ER PT J AU Filip, GM Maffei, H Chadwick, KL AF Filip, Gregory M. Maffei, Helen Chadwick, Kristen L. TI Forest health decline in a central Oregon mixed-conifer forest revisited after wildfire: A 25-year case study SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Deschutes National Forest; root disease; bark beetles; wildfire; delayed mortality; grand fir; ponderosa pine; crown and bole scorch ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; PONDEROSA PINE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; NATIONAL-FOREST; BLUE MOUNTAINS; EASTERN OREGON; MORTALITY; ARMILLARIA; PATHOGEN; DYNAMICS AB A 500-ac mixed-conifer forest near Cache Mountain in central Oregon was examined in 1979, 1992, 2002, 2004, and 2005 to document causes of forest health decline and subsequent wildfire damage. The site is dominated by grand fir (Abies grandis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), with some lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Part of the area was clearcut or shelterwood harvested from 1983 to 1985. Between 1979 and 1992, grand fir increased substantially, whereas ponderosa pine decreased in stems and basal area/ac in the unharvested areas. From 1979 to 2002, grand fir experienced severe mortality that was caused primarily by the root pathogen, Armillaria ostoyae, and the fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis). In 2003, a wildfire burned all of the study area, and by 2004, most of the grand fir, subalpine fir, and lodgepole pine was killed. The least amount of mortality from fire occurred in the larger-diameter ponderosa pine. Two years after the 2003 fire, some of the grand firs with bole or crown scorch that were alive in 2004 were killed by fir engravers by 2005. For ponderosa pines, only a few trees with bole or crown scorch that were alive in 2004 were killed by hark beetles, mostly mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosue) and red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens), by 2005. This case study has relevance to current interpretations of forest health in similar mixed-conifer forests, the major causes of forest health decline, and the role of fire in forest health. C1 US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, Cent Oregon Insect, Deschutes Natl Forest, Bend, OR 97702 USA. US Forest Serv, Dis Serv Ctr, Deschutes Natl Forest, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Filip, GM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM gmfilip@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 278 EP 284 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 225EK UT WOS:000250499700007 ER PT J AU Roberts, SD Harrington, CA Buermeyer, KR AF Roberts, Scott D. Harrington, Constance A. Buermeyer, Karl R. TI Does variable-density thinning increase wind damage in conifer stands on the Olympic Peninsula? SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE blowdown; Douglas-fir; western hemlock; height-diameter ratio; forest edge ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FORESTS; SILVICULTURAL IMPLICATIONS; WINDTHROW DISTURBANCE; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; OREGON; STORM AB Silviculturol treatments designed to enhance stand structural diversity may result in increased wind damage. The ability to avoid conditions that might lead to excessive wind damage would benefit forest managers. We analyzed wind damage following implementation of a variable-density thinning at four sites on the Olympic National Forest in northwest Washington. The prescription created small canopy gaps and retained unthinned patches within a uniformly thinned matrix, thus creating substantial amounts of internal edge. Our objective was to determine whether variable-density thinning resulted in elevated wind damage and whether the damage was spatially related to elements of the treatment, i.e., canopy gaps and uncut patches. Wind damage on the thinned plots averaged slightly more than 8.0 trees/ha. Although precise determinations of residual stem densities were not available, we estimate that total wind damage amounted to 1.3% of total stems remaining following treatment. Approximately 80% of the wind damage was blowdown, the remaining damage being stem breakage, leaning, or bowing. Nearly 54% of the damaged stems were less than 20 cm dbh. The maximum amount of damage observed was 51 trees/ha, but only 3 of 13 thinned plots had wind damage exceeding 7 trees/ha. The overall level of wind damage across all thinned plots after two growing seasons was not statistically greater than on unthinned control plots. Internal edges created by gaps, skid trails, and unthinned patches did not inherently increase wind damage risk; however, where gaps were located in topographically vulnerable positions, greater wind damage did occur. Overall wind damage was not excessive on any of the plots, and after 2 years, all residual stands remained intact and in a manageable condition. Our preliminary results suggest that variable-density thinning that includes creation of small canopy gaps does not necessarily predispose stands to greater risk of wind damage than uniform thinning. However, care must be taken in locating gaps and skid trails away from topographically vulnerable positions. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Roberts, SD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM sroberts@cfr.msstate.edu RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 285 EP 296 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 225EK UT WOS:000250499700008 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Stone, DS Rammer, DR AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Stone, Donald S. Rammer, Douglas R. TI Equivalent circuit modeling of wood at 12% moisture content SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS); electrical relaxation; contact resistance; corrosion test methods. AB Electrical impedance spectra (EIS) were collected from southern pine (Pinks spp.) wood equilibrated to 12 % moisture content. Cylindrical graphite electrodes were embedded in the wood so that they met nearly end-to-end along a line parallel to the grain, and the EIS properties were characterized as functions of electrode spacing and electrode contact pressure at frequencies between 1 x 10(-1) and 3 x 10(5) Hz. The data show a narrow distribution of relaxation times, which can be fit using a Debye model or, even better, a model with a constant phase element (CPE) in parallel with a resistor. The relaxation time is sensitive to contact pressure applied to the electrodes but not electrode spacing. The width of the CPE distribution is sensitive to electrode spacing but not contact pressure. On first inspection, the data suggest a finite contact resistance between wood and electrode, but further examination reveals that the "contact resistance" is an artifact caused by electrode fringe effects. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009; Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 556 EP 565 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 224TD UT WOS:000250468400006 ER PT J AU Nanduri, V Bhunia, AK Tu, SI Paoli, GC Brewster, JD AF Nanduri, Viswaprakash Bhunia, Arun K. Tu, Shu-I Paoli, George C. Brewster, Jeffrey D. TI SPR biosensor for the detection of L-monocytogenes using phage-displayed antibody SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE listeria monocytogenes; SPR; phage display ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SENSOR SYSTEM; PROTEIN; SAMPLES AB Whole cells of Listeria monocytogenes were detected with a compact, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using a phage-displayed scFv antibody to the virulence factor actin polymerization protein (ActA) for biorecognition. Phage Lm P4:A8, expressing the scFv antibody fused to the pIII surface protein was immobilized to the sensor surface through physical adsorption. A locally constructed fluidics system was used to deliver solutions to the compact, two-channel SPREETA (TM) sensor. Specificity of the sensor was tested using common food-borne bacteria and a control phage, M13K07 lacking the scFv fusion on its coat protein. The detection limit for L. monocytogenes whole cells was estimated to be 2 x 10(6) cfu/ml. The sensor was also used to determine the dissociation constant (K-d) for the interaction of phage-displayed scFv and soluble ActA in solution as 4.5 nM. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Ctr Food Safety & Engn, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, E Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Brewster, JD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ctr Food Safety & Engn, Dept Food Sci, 745 Agr Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jeffrey.brewster@ars.usda.gov RI Bhunia, Arun/K-7639-2012; OI Bhunia, Arun/0000-0003-3640-1554 NR 33 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2007.04.007 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 220WL UT WOS:000250187900013 PM 17512186 ER PT J AU Oswalt, CM Oswalt, SN AF Oswalt, Christopher M. Oswalt, Sonja N. TI Winter litter disturbance facilitates the spread of the nonnative invasive grass Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dispersal; disturbance; invasive species; japangrass; Microstegium vimineum; litter layer; Nepalese browntop; regeneration; seed ecology ID SEED-GERMINATION; SHADE-TOLERANT; LIFE-HISTORY; C-4 GRASS; LIGHT; TENNESSEE; LESSONS; POACEAE; OXYGEN; WEED AB We investigated the impacts of winter litter disturbance on the spread of the normative invasive plant Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus through experimental removals. We hypothesized that light penetration through the litter layer facilitates the spread of M. vimineurn in forested systems. Our objective, therefore, was to quantify M. vimineum spread following litter removal. Linear spread and cover expansion from established M. vimineurn patches was documented for one growing season under intact, undisturbed hardwood canopies within plots receiving one of two treatments. Treatments included litter removal (hereafter "removal") and no litter removal (hereafter "undisturbed"). After one growing season, plots receiving the removal treatment experienced a spread of M. vimineum 4.5 times greater than plots receiving the undisturbed treatment (P < 0.0001; 1.66, and 0.37 m expansion, respectively). Cover expansion (measured as percent cover in 0.5 m(2) blocks at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 m from established M. vimineum) averaged 16, 4, 0, and 0%, respectively, for the undisturbed treatment and 87, 64, 31, and 9%, respectively, for the removal treatment. Differences existed in cover expansion between treatments at the 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m distances (P < 0.0001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.01, respectively). Our results suggest that winter litter removal as a result of harvest activities, floodwater scour, or animal activities can drastically increase M. vimineum spread and may enhance potential ecological impacts of invasions by increasing M. vimineum percent cover. Previous studies have shown that M. vimineum responds to canopy removal with dramatic increases in biomass. This study suggests one mechanism facilitating rapid expansion of M. vimineum following site disturbance, and indicates that M. vimineum can experience rapid growth in response to site disturbance even in the absence of canopy removal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn Forest Inventory & Anal, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Oswalt, CM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn Forest Inventory & Anal, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM coswalt@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 249 IS 3 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.007 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 216EJ UT WOS:000249861000005 ER PT J AU South, DB Miller, JH AF South, David B. Miller, James H. TI Growth response analysis after early control of woody competition for 14 loblolly pine plantations in the southern U.S. (vol 242, pg 569, 2007) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP South, DB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM southdb@auburn.edu; jmiller0l@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 249 IS 3 BP 221 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.023 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 216EJ UT WOS:000249861000007 ER PT J AU Oort, PJ Warden, CH Baumann, TK Knotts, TA Adams, SH AF Oort, Pieter J. Warden, Craig H. Baumann, Thomas K. Knotts, Trina A. Adams, Sean H. TI Characterization of Tusc5, an adipocyte gene co-expressed in peripheral neurons SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Obesity CY OCT 20-24, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP N Amer Assoc Study Obes DE adipogenesis; brain endothelial cell derived gene-1 (BEC-1); PPARgamma; neuropathy; thermogenesis ID WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE GENE; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORTER GLUT4; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; PPAR-GAMMA; FATTY-ACIDS; CROSS-TALK; OB GENE; EXPRESSION; INSULIN AB Tumor suppressor candidate 5 (Tusc5, also termed brain endothelial cell derived gene- I or BEC-1), a CD225 domain-containing, cold-repressed gene identified during brown adipose tissue (BAT) transcriptome analyses was found to be robustly-expressed in mouse white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT, with similarly high expression in human adipocytes. Tusc5 mRNA was markedly increased from trace levels in pre-adipocytes to significant levels in developing 3T3-L1 adipocytes, coincident with several mature adipocyte markers (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, GLUT4, adipsin, leptin). The Tusc5 transcript levels were increased by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist GW1929 (1 mu g/mL, 18 h) by > 10-fold (pre-adipocytes) to similar to 1.5-fold (mature adipocytes) versus controls (p < 0.0001). Taken together, these results suggest an important role for Tusc5 in maturing adipocytes. Intriguingly, we discovered robust co-expression of the gene in peripheral nerves (primary somatosensory neurons). In light of the marked repression of the gene observed after cold exposure, these findings may point to participation of Tusc5 in shared adipose-nervous system functions linking environmental cues, CNS signals, and WAT-BAT physiology. Characterization of such links is important for clarifying the molecular basis for adipocyte proliferation and could have implications for understanding the biology of metabolic disease-related neuropathics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Neurobiol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Adams, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sadams@whnrc.usda.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52581] NR 56 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2007.06.005 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 219GJ UT WOS:000250072400004 PM 17689857 ER PT J AU Sobrino, R Cabezon, O Millan, J Pabon, M Arnal, MC Luco, DF Gortazar, C Dubey, JP Almeria, S AF Sobrino, R. Cabezon, O. Millan, J. Pabon, M. Arnal, M. C. Luco, D. F. Gortazar, C. Dubey, J. P. Almeria, S. TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild carnivores from Spain SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; seroprevalence; wild carnivores; Spain; Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus); European wildcat (Felis silvestris) ID FOXES VULPES-VULPES; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; RED FOXES; LYNX-LYNX; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; MARINE MAMMALS; PREVALENCE; OOCYSTS; INFECTIONS; SPECIFICITY AB Serum samples from 282 wild carnivores from different regions of Spain were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test using a cut-off value of 1:25. Antibodies to T gondii were found in 22 of 27 (81.5%) of Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), 3 of 6 European wildcats (Felis silvestris), 66 of 102 (64.7%) red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 15 of 32 (46.9%) wolves (Canis lupus), 26 of 37 (70.3%) Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), 17 of 20 (85.0%) stone martens (Martes foina), 4 of 4 pine martens (Martes martes), 6 of 6 Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra), 4 of 4 polecats (Mustela putorius), I of I ferret (Mustela putorius furo), 13 of 21 (61.9%) European genets (Genetta genetta), and 13 of 22 (59.1%) Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon). Serological results indicated a widespread exposure to T gondii among wild carnivores in Spain. The high T gondii seroprevalence in Iberian lynx and the European wildcat reported here may be of epidemiologic significance because seropositive cats might have shed oocysts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Invest Recursos Cineget IREC CSIC UCLM JCCM, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Sch Vet, Parasitol & Parasit Dis, Barcelona, Spain. CSIC, Estac Biol Donana, Dept Conservat Biol, Seville 41013, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, Sch Vet, SEDIFAS, Zaragoza, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Res Ctr Anim Hlth CReSA, Barcelona, Spain. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Millan, Javier/B-5399-2008; Gortazar, Christian/E-7918-2012; Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Arnal, Maria Cruz/D-5931-2017 OI Millan, Javier/0000-0001-5608-781X; Gortazar, Christian/0000-0003-0012-4006; Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.038 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 212ZB UT WOS:000249634500001 PM 17689869 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Webb, DM Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Bandini, LA Kwok, OCH Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Webb, D. M. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Bandini, L. A. Kwok, O. C. H. Su, C. TI Endemic avian toxoplasmosis on a farm in Illinois: Clinical disease, diagnosis, biologic and genetic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens (Gallus domesticus), and a goose (Anser anser) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; USA; genotype; goose; Anser anser ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; INFECTED-TISSUES; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; RESPONSES; OOCYSTS; BRAZIL; CATS AB Clinical toxoplasmosis in chickens (Gallus domesticus) has been rarely reported in literature. Here we report that three chickens on a farm in Illinois developed neurological signs. One of these chickens was examined postmortem and it had non-suppurative encephalitis with numerous Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and tissue cysts. The identity of the protozoa was confirmed immunohistochemically by staining with T gondii specific antibodies, and by transmission electron microscopy. The owner of the 3 chickens donated all I I remaining chickens and a goose on his property for the present study. All I I chickens and a goose were euthanized, and blood, heart, brain, and 1 leg were obtained for T gondii examination. Antibodies to T gondii were found in sera of all chickens with titers of 1:40 in one, 1:320 in three, and 1:640 or higher in seven chickens tested by the modified agglutination test (MAT). The goose had a MAT titer of 1:320. For isolation of T gondii, whole heart and brain and 50 9 of leg muscles were digested in an acid-pepsin solution and bioassayed in four mice for each tissue. Viable T gondii was isolated from tissues of all 11 chickens and the goose. Genotyping of these 12 T gondii isolates using polymorphism at the genetic loci SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, a new SAG2 and Apico revealed that all isolates had Type 11 alleles at all loci, indicating these T gondii isolates belong to the predominant clonal Type II lineages. This is the first report of isolation of viable T gondii from a domestic goose (Anser anser). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Illinois Dept Agr, Anim Dis Lab, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.033 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 212ZB UT WOS:000249634500004 PM 17656021 ER PT J AU Chen, AC He, HQ Davey, RB AF Chen, Andrew C. He, Haiqi Davey, Ronald B. TI Mutations in a putative octopamine receptor gene in amitraz-resistant cattle ticks SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus microplus; Boophilus; formamidine; G protein-coupled receptor ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; IXODIDAE; IDENTIFICATION AB The mode of action of amitraz is thought to be its toxic effects on a receptor for a neuromodulator, octopamine. Resistance could arise from modifications of this receptor so that it would not be affected by amitraz. A putative octopamine receptor cDNA was cloned and sequenced from a cattle tick in Australia. However, when the sequence was compared between Australian strains of amitraz-susceptible and resistant ticks, no differences were detected. We have sequenced this putative octopamine receptor gene in tick strains from America. The American ticks have a sequence almost identical to that of the Australian ticks with no deletions or additions in the open reading frame. In a Brazilian strain and a Mexican strain that are very resistant to amitraz, there are two nucleotide substitutions that result in amino acids different from all the susceptible strains. Discovery of these mutations only in amitraz-resistant ticks provides the first evidence for the possibility of an altered pesticide target site as a mechanism of amitraz resistance in ticks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburgh 78539, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Chen, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM andy.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.026 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 212ZB UT WOS:000249634500028 PM 17662534 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Chi, ZH Ren, H Rong, M Dahlstrom, A Huang, L Wang, ZY AF Zhang, Li Chi, Zhi-Hong Ren, Hao Rong, Ming Dahlstrom, Annica Huang, Liping Wang, Zhan-You TI Imunoreactivity of zinc transporter 7 (ZNT7) in mouse dorsal root ganglia SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE zinc; zinc transporter; golgi apparatus; dorsal root ganglion; immunohistochemistry; autometallography ID MAMMALIAN ZINC TRANSPORTER; SPINAL-CORD; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; INTRACELLULAR ZINC; GOLGI-APPARATUS; BRAIN-INJURY; CELL-DEATH; EXPRESSION; RAT AB In the present study, we showed for the first time the localization of ZNT7 immunoreactivity in the mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by means of immumohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results revealed that ZNT7 immunoreactivity was abundantly expressed in the nerve cells of the mouse DRG. Strong ZNT7 immunoreactivity was predominantly distributed in the perinuclear region of positive cells, while the nuclei were devoid of staining. Double immunofluorescence labeling of ZNT7 and TGN38 revealed a colocalization of the two antigens in the Golgi apparatus. In addition, the presence of labile zinc ions was detected with in vivo zinc selenium autometallography (AMG). AMG observations showed that the zinc staining pattern was also predominately located in the perinuclear Golgi area, like the ZNT7 immunostaining pattern in the DRG. These observations strongly suggest that ZNT7 may play an important role in facilitating zinc transport into the Golgi apparatus from the cytosol in the mouse DRG. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. Jinzhou Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Jinzhou 121000, Peoples R China. Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrens Acad, Dept Biomed, Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, W Human Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, W Human Nutr Res Ctr,Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. EM wangzy@mail.cmu.edu.cn NR 59 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 74 IS 4 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.06.022 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 214PL UT WOS:000249750500011 PM 17720550 ER PT J AU Beeri, O Phillips, R Hendrickson, J Frank, AB Kronberg, S AF Beeri, Ofer Phillips, Rebecca Hendrickson, John Frank, Albert B. Kronberg, Scott TI Estimating forage quantity and quality using aerial hyperspectral imagery for northern mixed-grass prairie SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE HyMap; rangeland; biomass; carbon; nitrogen ratio; crude protein ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; ABSORPTION FEATURES; CANOPY CHEMISTRY; LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION; INDEXES; VARIABLES; PATTERNS AB Sustainable rangeland stewardship calls for synoptic estimates of rangeland biomass quantity (kg dry matter ha(-1)) and quality [carbon: nitrogen (C:N) ratio]. These data are needed to support estimates of rangeland crude protein in forage, either by percent (CPc or by mass (CPm). Biomass derived from remote sensing data is often compromised by the presence of both photosynthetically active (PV) and non-photosynthetically active (NPV) vegetation. Here, we explicitly quantify PV and NPV biomass using HyMap hyperspectral imagery. Biomass quality, defined as plant C:N ratio, was also estimated using a previously published algorithm. These independent algorithms for forage quantity and quality (both PV and NPV) were evaluated in two northern mixed-grass prairie ecoregions, one in the Northwestern Glaciated Plains (NGGP) and one in the Northwestern Great Plains (NGP). Total biomass (kg ha (-1)) and C:N ratios were mapped with 18% and 8% relative error, respectively. Outputs from both models were combined to quantify crude protein (kg ha(-1)) on a pasture scale. Results suggest synoptic maps of rangeland vegetation mass (both PV and NPV) and quality may be derived from hyperspectral aerial imagery with greater than 80% accuracy. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Dakota, John D Odegard Sch Aerosp Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Beeri, O (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, John D Odegard Sch Aerosp Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM beeri@aero.und.edu RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 NR 41 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 2 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.027 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 206CJ UT WOS:000249161200007 ER PT J AU Parrotta, JA Agnoletti, M AF Parrotta, John A. Agnoletti, Mauro TI Traditional forest knowledge: Challenges and opportunities SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE conservation; cultural landscapes; forest history; heritage; indigenous knowledge; local knowledge; sustainable forest management C1 US Forest Serv Res & Dev, IUFRO Task Force Tradit Forest Knowledge, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Univ Florence, IUFRO Res Grp Forest & Woodland Hist 6 07, Dept Environm Forestry Sci & Technol, Fac Agr, I-50145 Florence, Italy. RP Parrotta, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv Res & Dev, IUFRO Task Force Tradit Forest Knowledge, 4th Floor RP C,1601 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM jparrotta@fs.fed.us NR 6 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 249 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.022 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 216EH UT WOS:000249860800001 ER PT J AU Mendoza, JA Zimmerman, FJ Christakis, DA AF Mendoza, Jason A. Zimmerman, Fred J. Christakis, Dimitri A. TI Television viewing, computer use, obesity, and adiposity in US preschool children SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OVERWEIGHT RISK; UNITED-STATES; BODY FATNESS; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVENTION; CHILDHOOD; COMMITTEE AB Background: There is limited evidence in preschool children linking media use, such as television/video viewing and computer use, to obesity and adiposity. We tested three hypotheses in preschool children: 1) that watching > 2 hours of TV/videos daily is associated with obesity and adiposity, 2) that computer use is associated with obesity and adiposity, and 3) that > 2 hours of media use daily is associated with obesity and adiposity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data on children, aged 2 - 5 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 - 2002. Our main outcome measures were 1) weight status: normal versus overweight or at risk for overweight, and 2) adiposity: the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds ( mm). Our main exposures were TV/video viewing (<= 2 or > 2 hours/day), computer use ( users versus non-users), and media use (<= 2 or > 2 hours/day). We used multivariate Poisson and linear regression analyses, adjusting for demographic covariates, to test the independent association between TV/video viewing, computer use, or overall media use and a child's weight status or adiposity. Results: Watching > 2 hours/day of TV/videos was associated with being overweight or at risk for overweight ( Prevalence ratio = 1.34, 95% CI [ 1.07, 1.66]; n = 1340) and with higher skinfold thicknesses ( beta = 1.08, 95% CI [ 0.19, 1.96]; n = 1337). Computer use > 0 hours/day was associated with higher skinfold thicknesses ( beta = 0.56, 95% CI [ 0.04, 1.07]; n = 1339). Media use had borderline significance with higher skinfold thicknesses ( beta = 0.85, 95% CI [- 0.04, 1.75], P= 0.06; n = 1334). Conclusion: Watching > 2 hours/day of TV/videos in US preschool-age children was associated with a higher risk of being overweight or at risk for overweight and higher adiposity - findings in support of national guidelines to limit preschool children's media use. Computer use was also related to higher adiposity in preschool children, but not weight status. Intervention studies to limit preschool children's media use are warranted. C1 [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Acad Gen Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dan L Duncan Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zimmerman, Fred J.; Christakis, Dimitri A.] Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zimmerman, Fred J.] Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Christakis, Dimitri A.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Christakis, Dimitri A.] Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Christakis, Dimitri A.] Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Mendoza, JA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jason.mendoza@bcm.edu; fzimmer@u.washington.edu; dachris@u.washington.edu RI Zimmerman, Frederick/C-7259-2008; OI Zimmerman, Frederick/0000-0002-4163-9893; Mendoza, Jason/0000-0003-0833-4358 NR 32 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1479-5868 J9 INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY JI Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 4 AR 44 DI 10.1186/1479-5868-4-44 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA 242LH UT WOS:000251726100001 PM 17894878 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Evans, KO AF Laszlo, Joseph A. Evans, Kervin O. TI Influence of self-assembled monolayer surface chemistry on Candida antarctica lipase B adsorption and specific activity SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Article DE protein adsorption; lipase; immobilization ID HYDROPHOBIC SUPPORTS; IMMOBILIZATION; ENZYME; WATER; BIOCATALYSTS; SOLVENT; SILICA AB Immobilization of Candida antarctica B lipase was examined on gold surfaces modified with either methyl- or hydroxyl-terminated self-assembled alkylthiol monolayers (SAMs), representing hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, respectively. Lipase adsorption was monitored gravimetrically using a quartz crystal microbalance. Lipase activity was determined colorimetrically by following p-nitrophenol propionate hydrolysis. Adsorbed lipase topography was examined by atomic force microscopy. The extent of lipase adsorption was nearly identical on either surface (approximately 240 ng cm(-2)), but its specific activity was sixfold higher on the methyl -terminated SAM, showing no activity loss upon immobilization. A uniform, 5.5 nm high, highly packed monolayer of CALB formed on the methyl-tenninated SAM, while the adsorbed protein was disordered on the hydroxyl -terminated SAM. Hydrophobic surfaces thus may specifically orient the lipase in a highly active state. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Joe.Laszlo@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD SEP 24 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.06.010 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 209FB UT WOS:000249373300005 ER PT J AU Lager, KM Gauger, PC Vincent, AL Opriessnig, T Kehrli, ME Cheung, AK AF Lager, K. M. Gauger, P. C. Vincent, A. L. Opriessnig, T. Kehrli, M. E., Jr. Cheung, A. K. TI Mortality in pigs given porcine circovirus type 2 subgroup 1 and 2 viruses derived from DNA clones SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lager, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Opriessnig, Tanja/F-2984-2012 OI Opriessnig, Tanja/0000-0001-9642-0904 NR 6 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD SEP 22 PY 2007 VL 161 IS 12 BP 428 EP 429 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 218LT UT WOS:000250017700017 PM 17890775 ER PT J AU Kovalev, VA Hao, WM Wold, C Adam, M AF Kovalev, Vladimir A. Hao, Wei Min Wold, Cyle Adam, Mariana TI Experimental method for the examination of systematic distortions in lidar data SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-RADAR EQUATION AB An experimental method for determining the presence and the level of systematic distortions in lidar data is considered. The method has been developed on the basis of two years of field experiments with the Fire Sciences Laboratory elastic scanning lidar. The influence of multiplicative and additive distortion components is considered using numerical experiments and is illustrated with experimental data. The examination method is most applicable for short wavelengths at which the atmospheric molecular component in clear atmospheres is large enough to stabilize the Kano-Hamilton multiangle solution, based on the assumption of horizontal atmospheric homogeneity. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Hao, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM whao@fs.fed.us RI Adam, Mariana/C-5661-2013 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 27 BP 6710 EP 6718 DI 10.1364/AO.46.006710 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 224PC UT WOS:000250457900006 PM 17882291 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Jane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Jane, Jay-lin Inglett, George E. TI Structures and physicochemical properties of starch from immature seeds of soybean varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) exhibiting normal, low-linolenic or low-saturated fatty acid oil profiles at maturity SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; soybean; starch structure; starch function; soybean oil; fatty acids; lipids; amylose; amylopectin; glycine max; edamame ID EXTRACELLULAR ALPHA-AMYLASE; BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; SOYA BEAN-SEEDS; BETA-AMYLASE; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; OILSEED RAPE; AMYLOPECTIN; AMYLOSE; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM AB Soybean varieties bred for normal (NM), low-linolenic (LL) or low-saturate (LS) fatty acid composition were collected 20 d prior to harvest. Seed starch structure and functional properties were studied. Soybean starch had small granules (0.5-4.5 mu m diameter), and CB-type crustallinity. LL and LS soybean starch had significantly lower absolute amylose than NM soybean. Weight-average amylopectin molecular weight; measured by HPSEC, ranged from 5.91 x 10(8) g/mol for LL to 8.92 x 108 g/mol for NM. Soybean antylopectin had short average branch chain-length (DP 19.9-21.9) and LS amylopectin had significantly larger percentage of DP 6-12 than LL and NM soybeans. No significant differences among soybean varieties were observed for starch thermal and pasting properties, with onset gelatinization temperature (51.0-51.8 degrees C) and peak viscosity (79-100 RVU, 8% starch suspension). Further research is needed to understand if amylose content or amylopectin fine structure in developing soybean seeds relates to fatty acid composition of soybean oil at maturity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Stevenson@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.03.016 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 211TH UT WOS:000249545700002 ER PT J AU Czaja, K Barb, CR Kraeling, RR AF Czaja, K. Barb, C. R. Kraeling, R. R. TI Hypothalamic neurons innervating fat tissue in the pig express leptin receptor immunoreactivity SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fat tissue; innervation; hypothalamus; tracing; pseudorabies virus; pig ID SYMPATHETIC-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; NEUROENDOCRINE FUNCTION; ENERGY-BALANCE; WHITE FAT; REPRODUCTION; OUTFLOW; BRAIN; RAT AB While leptin receptors have been found in both the autonomic ganglion neurons and the hypothalamic nuclei, studies dealing with the projections from the central nervous system to the adipose tissue have been conducted mainly in laboratory animals. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to establish whether hypothalamic neurons are transsynaptically connected to adipose tissue depots in the pig, and if these neurons express leptin receptor immunoreactivity. Pseudorabies virus (PRV; Bartha's K strain) was introduced in perirenal or subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in domestic pigs. On day 9, animals were euthanized and hypothalami were collected and processed immunohistochemicaly with primary antisera against PRV and leptin receptor (OBR). PRV-labeled neurons were localized in paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus and arcuate nucleus following injections in both the peritenal and the subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. Ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and preoptic area-labeled neurons were observed after injection of the PRV into the perirenal adipose tissue, while in the lateral hypothalamic area-labeled neurons projected only to the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The majority of the PRV-labeled neurons simultaneously expressed OBR-immunoreactivity. Our results provide the morphological data on multisynaptic projections from hypothalamus to the fat tissue in the pig and demonstrate that these neurons, located in areas involved in reproductive processes and feeding behavior, may regulate fat tissue metabolism. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Czaja, K (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM czajak@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 425 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.08.002 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 222IQ UT WOS:000250290100002 PM 17720315 ER PT J AU Salem, M Silverstein, J Rexroad, CE Yao, J AF Salem, Mohamed Silverstein, Jeff Rexroad, Caird E., III Yao, Jianbo TI Effect of starvation on global gene expression and proteolysis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BONY FISH; METABOLISM; MICROARRAY; GROWTH; LIVER AB Background: Fast, efficiently growing animals have increased protein synthesis and/or reduced protein degradation relative to slow, inefficiently growing animals. Consequently, minimizing the energetic cost of protein turnover is a strategic goal for enhancing animal growth. Characterization of gene expression profiles associated with protein turnover would allow us to identify genes that could potentially be used as molecular biomarkers to select for germplasm with improved protein accretion. Results: We evaluated changes in hepatic global gene expression in response to 3-week starvation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Microarray analysis revealed a coordinated, down-regulated expression of protein biosynthesis genes in starved fish. In addition, the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism/transport, aerobic respiration, blood functions and immune response were decreased in response to starvation. However, the microarray approach did not show a significant increase of gene expression in protein catabolic pathways. Further studies, using real-time PCR and enzyme activity assays, were performed to investigate the expression of genes involved in the major proteolytic pathways including calpains, the multi-catalytic proteasome and cathepsins. Starvation reduced mRNA expression of the calpain inhibitor, calpastatin long isoform (CAST-L), with a subsequent increase in the calpain catalytic activity. In addition, starvation caused a slight but significant increase in 20S proteasome activity without affecting mRNA levels of the proteasome genes. Neither the mRNA levels nor the activities of cathepsin D and L were affected by starvation. Conclusion: These results suggest a significant role of calpain and 20S proteasome pathways in protein mobilization as a source of energy during fasting and a potential association of the CASTL gene with fish protein accretion. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Lab Anim Biotechnol & Genom, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Lab Anim Biotechnol & Genom, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mohamed.salem@mail.wvu.edu; Silverstein@ARS.USDA.GOV; crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; jianbo.yao@mail.wvu.edu NR 68 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 23 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 328 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-328 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 226BU UT WOS:000250563000001 PM 17880706 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Lin, JY Schlueter, SD Vasylenko-Sanders, IF Deshpande, S Yi, J O'Bleness, M Roe, BA Nelson, RT Scheffler, BE Jackson, SA Shoemaker, RC AF Schlueter, Jessica A. Lin, Jer-Young Schlueter, Shannon D. Vasylenko-Sanders, Iryna F. Deshpande, Shweta Yi, Jing O'Bleness, Majesta Roe, Bruce A. Nelson, Rex T. Scheffler, Brian E. Jackson, Scott A. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Gene duplication and paleopolyploidy in soybean and the implications for whole genome sequencing SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; DRAFT SEQUENCE; RICE; SIZE; EVOLUTION; REGIONS; TOOL AB Background: Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is a well documented paleopolyploid. What remains relatively under characterized is the level of sequence identity in retained homeologous regions of the genome. Recently, the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute and United States Department of Agriculture jointly announced the sequencing of the soybean genome. One of the initial concerns is to what extent sequence identity in homeologous regions would have on whole genome shotgun sequence assembly. Results: Seventeen BACs representing similar to 2.03 Mb were sequenced as representative potential homeologous regions from the soybean genome. Genetic mapping of each BAC shows that 11 of the 20 chromosomes are represented. Sequence comparisons between homeologous BACs shows that the soybean genome is a mosaic of retained paleopolyploid regions. Some regions appear to be highly conserved while other regions have diverged significantly. Large-scale "batch" reassembly of all 17 BACs combined showed that even the most homeologous BACs with upwards of 95% sequence identity resolve into their respective homeologous sequences. Potential assembly errors were generated by tandemly duplicated pentatricopeptide repeat containing genes and long simple sequence repeats. Analysis of a whole-genome shotgun assembly of 80,000 randomly chosen JGI-DOE sequence traces reveals some new soybean-specific repeat sequences. Conclusion: This analysis investigated both the structure of the paleopolyploid soybean genome and the potential effects retained homeology will have on assembling the whole genome shotgun sequence. Based upon these results, homeologous regions similar to those characterized here will not cause major assembly issues. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, MSA, Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Purdue Genet Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73109 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM acissej@purdue.edu; lin51@purdue.edu; sds@purdue.edu; Iryna.F.Sanders-1@ou.edu; shweta@ou.edu; Jing.Yi-1@ou.edu; stardust@ou.edu; broe@ou.edu; nelsonrt@iastate.edu; bscheffler@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; sjackson@purdue.edu; rcsshoe@iastate.edu RI Schlueter, Shannon/C-3178-2009; OI Schlueter, Jessica/0000-0002-6490-0580; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 66 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 330 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-330 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 231CL UT WOS:000250924000001 PM 17880721 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Geveke, DJ AF Fan, Xuetong Geveke, Davfd J. TI Furan formation in sugar solution and apple cider upon ultraviolet treatment SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE apple cider; carbohydrates; fructose; furan; ultraviolet; pasteurization; UVC ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UV INACTIVATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; QUALITY; LIGHT AB Furan is a possible human carcinogen induced by thermal processing of food. While ultraviolet C (UVC) is used to decontaminate apple cider and to sterilize sugar solutions, it is unknown whether UVC induces furan formation in cider or solutions of its major components. This study was conducted to investigate the possible formation of furan by UVC in apple cider and in solutions of common constituents of apple cider. Our results showed that UVC treatment induced furan formation in apple cider, and the major source of furan was apparently fructose. UVC treatment (at incident doses up to 9 J/cm(2)) of fructose solutions produced a higher amount of furan, while very low concentrations of furan were induced by UVC in glucose or sucrose solutions, and virtually no furan was induced by UVC from solutions of ascorbic acid or malic acid. When an isotope (d(4)-furan) of furan was treated with UVC, d(4)-furan was destroyed rapidly even at low doses in fructose solution, suggesting that the accumulation of furan is the balance between destruction and formation. The UV sensitivity of E. coli K12 (a surrogate of E. coli O157:H7) in two sources of apple cider was also determined. At UVC doses that could inactivate 5-log of E coli, very low concentrations (< 1 ppb) of furan were induced. Our results suggest that UVC could induce furan formation, but when used for the purpose of juice pasteurization, little furan was induced in apple cider. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov RI Diaz, Belen/B-8946-2012 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 19 BP 7816 EP 7821 DI 10.1021/jf071366z PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 210KM UT WOS:000249455100028 PM 17708638 ER PT J AU Larson, RL Hill, AL Nunez, A AF Larson, Rebecca L. Hill, Amy L. Nunez, Alberto TI Characterization of protein changes associated with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) resistance and susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sugar beet; plant defense; Fusarium oxysporum; subtractive proteomics; multidimensional liquid chromatography; Beta vulgaris ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL SEPARATIONS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; TOMATO PLANTS; EXPRESSION; DEFENSE; GENE; CYCLOPHILIN; PATHOGEN; LEAVES AB Fusarium oxysporum (F-19) is a serious threat to sugar beet. Resistance exists, but the basis for resistance and disease is unknown. Protein extracts from sugar beet genotypes C1200.XH024 (resistant, R) and Fus7 (susceptible, S) were analyzed by multidimensional liquid chromatography at 2 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi) and compared to mock-inoculated controls. One hundred twenty-one (R) and 73 (S) protein peaks were induced/repressed by F-19, approximately 12 (R) and 8% (S) of the total proteome detected. Temporal protein regulation occurred within and between each genotype, indicating that the timing of expression may be important for resistance. Thirty-one (R) and 48 (S) of the differentially expressed peaks were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry; others were below detection level. Comparison between the two genotypes uncovered R- and S-specific proteins with potential roles in resistance and disease development, respectively. Use of these proteins to select for new sources of resistance and to develop novel disease control strategies is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Agr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Larson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Rebecca.larson@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 19 BP 7905 EP 7915 DI 10.1021/jf070876q PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 210KM UT WOS:000249455100042 PM 17715886 ER PT J AU Ariza-Nieto, M Blair, MW Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Ariza-Nieto, Magnolia Blair, Matthew W. Welch, Ross M. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Screening of iron bloavallability patterns in eight bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes using the caco-2 cell in vitro model SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron bioavailability; iron; phytate; polyphenols; beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L); in vitro; digestion/Caco-2 model ID SEED COAT; MONOFERRIC PHYTATE; CULTURE MODEL; WHEAT BRAN; AVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; KAEMPFEROL; NUTRITION; MAIZE AB The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important staple plant food in the diets of people of Latin America, East Africa,and other regions of the developing world. It is also a major source of dietary iron. The primary goal of this research was to use an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model to study iron bioavailability in eight genotypes (three Mesoamerican and five Andean) that represent the diversity of grain types in this crop. Complementing this goal, we measured the distribution of both iron and phytate in different bean grain tissues (cotyledon, seed coats, and embryos). Seed coats were confirmed to be the exclusive tissue containing polyphenols. The removal of the seed coat and associated polyphenols improved Caco-2 iron bioavailability, and significant differences were observed between genotypes. The addition of ascorbate enhanced iron bioavailability and exposed additional differences in Fe availability among the genotypes. These results indicate that iron accumulation and in vitro iron bioavailability vary among bean genotypes and that polyphenols had greater inhibitory effects on Caco-2 iron bioavailability as compared to phytate. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Int Ctr Trop Agr, CIAT, Cali, Colombia. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 25 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 19 BP 7950 EP 7956 DI 10.1021/jf070023y PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 210KM UT WOS:000249455100048 PM 17705438 ER PT J AU Weng, ZM Barthelson, R Gowda, S Hilf, ME Dawson, WO Galbraith, DW Xiong, ZG AF Weng, Ziming Barthelson, Roger Gowda, Siddarame Hilf, Mark E. Dawson, William O. Galbraith, David W. Xiong, Zhongguo TI Persistent Infection and Promiscuous Recombination of Multiple Genotypes of an RNA Virus within a Single Host Generate Extensive Diversity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Recombination and reassortment of viral genomes are major processes contributing to the creation of new, emerging viruses. These processes are especially significant in long-term persistent infections where multiple viral genotypes co-replicate in a single host, generating abundant genotypic variants, some of which may possess novel host-colonizing and pathogenicity traits. In some plants, successive vegetative propagation of infected tissues and introduction of new genotypes of a virus by vector transmission allows for viral populations to increase in complexity for hundreds of years allowing co-replication and subsequent recombination of the multiple viral genotypes. Using a resequencing microarray, we examined a persistent infection by a Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) complex in citrus, a vegetatively propagated, globally important fruit crop, and found that the complex comprised three major and a number of minor genotypes. Subsequent deep sequencing analysis of the viral population confirmed the presence of the three major CTV genotypes and, in addition, revealed that the minor genotypes consisted of an extraordinarily large number of genetic variants generated by promiscuous recombination between the major genotypes. Further analysis provided evidence that some of the recombinants underwent subsequent divergence, further increasing the genotypic complexity. These data demonstrate that persistent infection of multiple viral genotypes within a host organism is sufficient to drive the large-scale production of viral genetic variants that may evolve into new and emerging viruses. C1 [Weng, Ziming; Barthelson, Roger; Galbraith, David W.; Xiong, Zhongguo] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gowda, Siddarame; Dawson, William O.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Hilf, Mark E.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Xiong, ZG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM zxiong@email.arizona.edu OI Xiong, Zhongguo/0000-0002-2999-0840 FU USDA [2003-34399-13764, 2005-34399-16070] FX This work was supported by funding from USDA grants 2003-34399-13764 and 2005-34399-16070 to ZX and DWG. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 9 AR e917 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000917 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HS UT WOS:000207455700025 PM 17878952 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, NJ Perez-Gelabert, DE AF Vandenberg, Natalia J. Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. TI Redescription of the Hispaniolan ladybird genus Bura Mulsant (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) and justification for its transfer from Coccidulinae to Sticholotidinae SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; phylogeny; Coccinellidae; Sticholotidinae; Coccidulinae; Hispaniola ID GENERA; TRIBE; REVISION; MEXICO AB The Hispaniolan genus Bura Mulsant is removed from Coccidulinae and placed in Sticholotidinae. The characteristics which justify this transfer are discussed and an historical review of the classification of the Sticholotidinae is presented. Bura is diagnosed and redescribed, and its affinities to other Sticholotidini are discussed. Illustrations of key generic characters are provided. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Vandenberg, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov; perezd@si.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 17 PY 2007 IS 1586 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 211ZN UT WOS:000249563300004 ER PT J AU El-Shikha, DM Waller, P Hunsaker, D Clarke, T Barnes, E AF El-Shikha, D. M. Waller, P. Hunsaker, D. Clarke, T. Barnes, E. TI Ground-based remote sensing for assessing water and nitrogen status of broccoli SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE irrigation; fertilizer management; remote sensing; linear move; vegetation index; crop water stress index ID SPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEX; REFLECTANCE INDEXES; STRESS INDEX; WHEAT; CORN; IRRIGATION; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; COTTON; YIELD AB Remote sensing (RS) can facilitate the management of water and nutrients in irrigated cropping systems. Our objective for this study was to evaluate the ability of several RS indices to discriminate between limited water and limited nitrogen induced stress for broccoli. The Agricultural Irrigation Imaging System (AgIIS) was used over a 1-ha broccoli field in central Arizona to measure green (550 nm), red (670 nm), far red (720 nm), and near infrared (NIR-790 nm) reflectances, and thermal infrared radiation. Measurements were taken at a 1 m x 1 m resolution, every several days during the season. The following indices were calculated: ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference based on NIR and green reflectance (NDNG), canopy chlorophyll concentration index (CCCI), and the water deficit index (WDI). The experimental design was a two-factor, nitrogen x water, Latin square with four treatments (optimal and low water and optimal and low nitrogen) and four replicates. In addition to RS measurements, the following in-situ measurements were taken: SPAD chlorophyll (closely related to nitrogen status), plant petiole nitrate-nitrogen concentrations, soil water content, and plant height, width, and leaf area index (LAI). Fresh marketable broccoli yield was harvested from plots 130 days after planting. Seasonal water application (irrigation plus rainfall) was 14% greater for optimal than low water treatments, whereas total nitrogen application was 35% greater for optimal than low N treatments. Although both nitrogen and water treatments affected broccoli growth and yield, nitrogen effects were much more pronounced. Compared to the optimal water and nitrogen treatment, broccoli yield was 20% lower for low water but optimal nitrogen, whereas yield was 42% lower for optimal water but low nitrogen. The RVI, NDVI, and NDNG indices detected treatment induced growth retardation but were unable to distinguish between the water and nitrogen effects. The CCCI, which was developed as an index to infer differences in nitrogen status, was found to be highly sensitive to nitrogen, but insensitive to water stress. The WDI providea appropriate information on treatment water status regardless of canopy cover conditions and effectively detected differences in water status following several irrigation events when water was withheld from low but not optimal water treatments. Using a RS ground-based monitoring system to simultaneously measure vegetation, nitrogen, and water stress indices at high spatial and temporal resolution could provide a successful management tool for differentiating between the effects of nitrogen and water stress in broccoli. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Hunsaker, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Doug.Hunsaker@ars.usda.gov OI Waller, Peter/0000-0002-1696-3800 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD SEP 16 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 3 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.020 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 214SP UT WOS:000249758700008 ER PT J AU Wilson, CR Tran, MK Salazar, KL Young, ME Taegtmeyer, H AF Wilson, Christopher R. Tran, Mai K. Salazar, Katrina L. Young, Martin E. Taegtmeyer, Heinrich TI Western diet, but not high fat diet, causes derangements of fatty acid metabolism and contractile dysfunction in the heart of Wistar rats SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cardiac function; cardiac metabolism; diet-induced obesity; futile cycling; gene expression; triacylglycerol ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; REDUCED CARDIAC EFFICIENCY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN-3; ENERGY-METABOLISM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SUBSTRATE METABOLISM; POTENTIAL MECHANISMS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS AB Obesity and diabetes are associated with increased fatty acid availability in excess of muscle fatty acid oxidation capacity. This mismatch is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac contractile dysfunction and also in the development of skeletal-muscle insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that `Western' and high fat diets differentially cause maladaptation of cardiac- and skeletal-muscle fatty acid oxidation, resulting in cardiac contractile dysfunction. Wistar rats were fed on low fat, `Western' or high fat (10, 45 or 60 % calories from fat respectively) diet for acute (1 day to 1 week), short (4-8 weeks), intermediate (16-24 weeks) or long (32-48 weeks) term. Oleate oxidation in heart muscle ex vivo increased with high fat diet at all time points investigated. In contrast, cardiac oleate oxidation increased with Western diet in the acute, short and intermediate term, but not in the long term. Consistent with fatty acid oxidation maladaptation, cardiac power decreased with long-term Western diet only. In contrast, soleus muscle oleate oxidation (ex vivo) increased only in the acute and short term with either Western or high fat feeding. Fatty acid-responsive genes, including PDHK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4) and CTE1 (cytosolic thioesterase 1), increased in heart and soleus muscle to a greater extent with feeding a high fat diet compared with a Western diet. In conclusion, we implicate inadequate induction of a cassette of fatty acid-responsive genes, and impaired activation of fatty acid oxidation, in the development of cardiac dysfunction with Western diet. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Taegtmeyer, H (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiol, 6431 Fannin,MSB 1246, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Heinrich.Taegtmeyer@uth.tmc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL074259, R01 HL073162, R01 HL074259, R01-HL073162]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T35 DK007676] NR 47 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 406 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1042/BJ20070392 PN 3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 211QF UT WOS:000249537700010 PM 17550347 ER PT J AU Iovanna, R Newbold, SC AF Iovanna, Richard Newbold, Stephen C. TI Ecological sustainability in policy assessments: A wide-angle view and a close watch SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Forum on Sustainability Well Being and Environmental Protection CY DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US EPA, Office Res Develop ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; OPTIMIZATION; RESILIENCE AB We give a perspective from two practitioners on some of the challenges of addressing sustainability concerns in environmental policy assessments. We focus on the ecological dimension of sustainability, which is closely related to the concept of "ecosystem resilience." First, we discuss several recent benefit-cost analyses conducted by EPA that illustrate many of the practical difficulties analysts have faced when attempting to assess the ecological benefits of proposed regulations. Next, we discuss the importance of increased coordination of policy assessments among offices and agencies that traditionally operate more or less independently. We conclude by using a stylized model to illustrate how using an "adaptive management" approach to designing and evaluating policies can help to avoid some of the limitations of standard policy assessments highlighted in this special section of Ecological Economics and elsewhere. C1 USDA, FSA, Econ & Policy Anal Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Iovanna, R (reprint author), USDA, FSA, Econ & Policy Anal Staff, 3722 S Agr Bldg,Stop Code 0519,1400 Independence, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Rich.Iovanna@wdc.usda.gov; newbold.steve@epa.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 63 IS 4 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 202DW UT WOS:000248883200002 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Gan, J Papiernik, SK Yates, SR AF Zheng, Wei Gan, Jay Papiernik, Sharon K. Yates, Scott R. TI Identification of volatile/semivolatile products derived from chemical remediation of cis-1,3-dichloropropene by thiosulfate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE EMISSIONS; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; CHLOROACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; SOIL COLUMNS; METAM-SODIUM; FUMIGANT; TRANSFORMATION; VOLATILIZATION; DETOXIFICATION AB The prevalent use of soil fumigants has resulted in air pollution in some agricultural regions. Our previous research showed that application of thiosulfate fertilizers at the soil surface may offer an effective and economical approach to reduce the emission of halogenated fumigants via a chemical remediation process. In this fumigant emission-reduction strategy, volatile 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) reacts with thiosulfate to generate a nonvolatile Bunte salt (thiosulfate derivative of 1,3-D). However, the decomposition of the Bunte salt may be associated with the production of perceptible odors. This study investigated the stability of this reaction product in different environmental media. Hydrolysis experiments demonstrated that the thiosulfate derivative was relatively stable in neutral and moderately acidic aqueous solutions. In contrast, the thiosulfate derivative was readily converted to a dialkyl disulfide via a base hydrolysis process in pH 10 buffer solution. In a strongly acidic solution, a mercaptan and a dialkyl disulfide compound were detected as two primary hydrolysis products. In soil, this initial reaction product underwent a series of biotic conversions to generate several volatile or semivolatile organic sulfur compounds. The formation and distribution of four volatile/semivolatile products in the air and soil were detected in different soils treated with the thiosulfate derivative of 1,3-D. This study indicated that odors occurring in soil treated with halogenated fumigants and thiosulfate fertilizers might arise from the generation and release of these and other volatile/semivolatile organic sulfur products. The environmental fate and effects of such volatile/semivolatile sulfur compounds should be considered in the application of sulfur-containing fertilizers in fumigated fields. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Contaminant Fate & Transport Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Contaminant Fate & Transport Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 18 BP 6454 EP 6459 DI 10.1021/es070762v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211CA UT WOS:000249500700028 PM 17948793 ER PT J AU Zalesny, JA Zalesny, RS Coyle, DR Hall, RB AF Zalesny, Jill A. Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. Coyle, David R. Hall, Richard B. TI Growth and biomass of Populus irrigated with landfill leachate SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hybrid poplar; phytoremediation; Populus deltoides; Populus maximowiczii; Populus nigra; Populus trichocarpa; root mass fraction ID SHORT-ROTATION; HYBRID POPLAR; PRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; CARBON ALLOCATION; FERTILIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; PRODUCTIVITY; TRICHOCARPA; DELTOIDES AB Resource managers are challenged with waste disposal and leachate produced from its degradation. Poplar (Populus spp.) trees offer an opportunity for ecological leachate disposal as an irrigation source for managed tree systems. Our objective was to irrigate Populus trees with municipal solid waste landfill leachate or fertilized well water (control) (N, P, K) during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons and test for differences in tree height, diameter, volume, and biomass of leaves, stems, branches, and roots. The trees were grown at the Oneida County Landfill located 6 km west of Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA (45.6 degrees N, 89.4 degrees W). Eight clones belonging to four genomic groups were tested: NC13460, NC14018 [(Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh) x P. deltoidcs 'BC1']; NC14104, NC14106, DMI15 (P deltoides x Populus maximowiczii A. Henry 'DM'); DN5 (P deltoides X Populus nigra L. 'DN'); NM2, NM6 (P. nigra x P. maximowiczii 'NM'). The survival rate for each of the irrigation treatments was 78%. The total aboveground biomass ranged from 0.51 to 2.50 Mg ha(-1), with a mean of 1.57 Mg ha(-1). The treatment x clone interaction was not significant for tree diameter, total volume, dry mass of the stump or basal roots, or root mass fraction (P > 0.05). However, the treatment X clone interaction was significant for height, total tree dry mass, aboveground dry mass, belowground dry mass, and dry mass of the leaves, stems + branches (woody), and lateral roots (P < 0.05). There was broad clonal variation within the BC 1 and DM genomic groups, with genotypes performing differently for treatments. In contrast, the performance of the NM and DN genomic groups was relatively stable across treatments, with clonal response to irrigation being similar regardless of treatment. Nevertheless, selection at the clone level also was important. For example, NC14104 consistently performed better when irrigated with leachate compared with water, while NC14018 responded better to water than leachate. Overall, these data will serve as a basis for researchers and resource managers making decisions about future leachate remediation projects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zalesny, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K Rhinelander, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM jzalesny@f.s.fed.us NR 57 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 248 IS 3 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.045 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 214DD UT WOS:000249715300003 ER PT J AU Heithecker, TD Halpern, CB AF Heithecker, Troy D. Halpern, Charles B. TI Edge-related gradients in microclimate in forest aggregates following structural retention harvests in western Washington SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aggregated retention; edge effects; forest microclimate; light temperature; variable-retention ID GREEN-TREE RETENTION; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; VARYING LEVELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; CONIFER FOREST; FRAGMENTATION; PATTERNS; LIGHT AB Aggregated retention is now a common method of regeneration harvest in forest ecosystems managed for both timber and ecological objectives. If residual forest aggregates are to serve as temporary refugia for species sensitive to disturbance or environmental stress, microclimatic conditions must be sufficiently buffered to allow for their persistence. In 1-ha aggregates at three experimental sites in western Washington, we quantified spatial gradients in microclimate (light, air and soil temperature, and soil moisture), effects of aspect on these gradients, and how microclimate compared to conditions in adjacent harvest areas and larger tracts of undisturbed forest (controls). Light availability and temperature were greatest at the edge, but declined sharply inside the aggregate, with most change occurring within 20 m of the edge. Beyond this distance, light generally declined to levels observed in the controls. Soil temperatures exhibited greater spatial variation and stabilized further from the edge (10-30 m), but air temperatures were generally higher than those in controls. Soil moisture exhibited no spatial trends and was comparable among aggregates, harvest areas, and controls. Aspect exerted strong effects on light and temperature, particularly within 15 m of the edge, as did forest structure. Where tree density was low, microclimatic gradients were less steep and aspect-related differences were small. Comparisons with previous studies of ground vegetation indicate that microclimatic effects were consistent, in part, with declines among some groups of vascular and non-vascular plants; however, these declines were restricted to edge environments (5-10 in) and were unaffected by aspect. Our results suggest that 1-ha aggregates are sufficiently large to contain areas with light, temperature, and soil moisture that are comparable to those in undisturbed forest and suitable, in the short-term, for persistence of forest-dependent species. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Heithecker, TD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM theithecker@fs.fed.us; chalpern@u.washington.edu NR 58 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 248 IS 3 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.003 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 214DD UT WOS:000249715300005 ER PT J AU Phillips, JD Marion, DA AF Phillips, Jonathan D. Marion, Daniel A. TI Soil geomorphic classification, soil taxonomy, and effects on soil richness assessments SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE pedodiversity; soil richness; soil classification; soil geomorphology classification; richness-area relationship ID OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; PEDODIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; REGOLITH; FOREST; LANDSCAPES; DIVERSITY; ARKANSAS; USA AB The study of pedodiversity and soil richness depends on the notion of soils as discrete entities. Soil classifications are often criticized in this regard because they depend in part on arbitrary or subjective criteria. In this study soils were categorized on the basis of the presence or absence of six lithological and morphological characteristics. Richness vs. area relationships, and the general pattern of soil variability and diversity, were then compared to analyses of pedodiversity based on Soil Taxonomy. The study area consists of sixteen 0.13-ha plots on forested sideslopes of the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, with a minimum of 20 classified soil pits per plot. An ad hoe classification was developed, from the standpoint of soil geomorphology and studies of the coevolution of soils and landscapes, and based on the regional environmental framework. Soils were classified based on (1) underlying geology (shale, sandstone bedrock, or transported sandstone rock fragments), and on the presence or absence of (2) texture contrast subsoils, (3) eluvial horizons, (4) surface and/or subsurface stone lines or zones, (5) lithological contrasts between soil and underlying geology, and (6) redoximorphic features. The soil geomorphic classification (SGC) yielded 40 different soil types (out of 288 possible different combinations of the criteria), compared to 19 different series or taxadjuncts identified by standard soil classification. However, 21 of the SGC soil types had only one or two representatives. Individual plots contained five to 11 different SGC soil types with extensive local variability. A standard power-function relationship between soil richness (S) and area or number of samples (A) provided the best fit for most plots (S = cA(b)). The exponent b was slightly higher than for the taxonomy-based analysis, but in general the analyses lead to similar conclusions with respect to the relationship between richness and area, and the relative importance of local, within-plot versus regional, between-plot variability. Results support the view that soils can be viewed and treated as discrete entities, that richness assessments are not necessarily extremely sensitive to the classification used, and that highly localized variability may be critical to pedodiversity. The suggested criteria for identifying discrete soil types are given, based on qualitative morphological differences and state factor relations, contiguity, and connectivity. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Tobacco Rd Res Team, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Phillips, JD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Tobacco Rd Res Team, 1457 Patterson Off Tower, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM jdp@uky.edu OI Marion, Daniel/0000-0002-5871-8969 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.05.011 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 218SY UT WOS:000250036400010 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Steiner, JL Cox, CA AF Garbrecht, Jurgen D. Steiner, Jean L. Cox, Craig A. TI The times they are changing: soil and water conservation in the 21st century SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; TRENDS C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Ankeny, IA 50023 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne Str, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jurgen.garbrecht@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 19 BP 2677 EP 2679 DI 10.1002/hyp.6853 PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 217IV UT WOS:000249942500012 ER PT J AU Pan, H Shupe, TF Hse, CY AF Pan, Hui Shupe, Todd F. Hse, Chung-Yun TI Characterization of liquefied wood residues from different liquefaction conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wood liquefaction; phenol; residue; chemical analysis; FTIR ID LIGNIN MODEL-COMPOUND; CELL-WALL COMPONENTS; SUGAR-CANE BAGASSE; FT-IR; FURFURYL ALCOHOL; PHENOLIC RESIN; CELLULOSE; ACID; POLYSACCHARIDES; FIBERS AB The amount of wood residue is used as a measurement of the extent of wood liquefaction. Characterization of the residue from wood liquefaction provides a new approach to understand some fundamental aspects of the liquefaction reaction. Residues were characterized by wet chemical analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Klason lignin content of the residues decreased, while the holocellulose and alpha-cellulose contents increased as the phenol to wood ratio (P/W) increased. A peak at 1735 cm(-1), which was attributed to the ester carbonyl group in xylan, disappeared in the FTIR spectra of the residues from liquefied wood under a sealed reaction system, indicating significantly different effects of atmospheric versus sealed liquefaction. The crystallinity index of the residues was higher than that of the untreated wood particles and slightly increased with an increase in the P/W ratio. The SEM images of the residues showed that the fiber bundles were reduced to small-sized bundles or even single fibers as the P/W ratio increased from 1/1 to 3/1, which indicated that the lignin in the middle lamella had been dissolved prior to the cellulose during liquefaction. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Louisville, LA 71360 USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 6 BP 3740 EP 3746 DI 10.1002/app.26435 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 194BX UT WOS:000248320000074 ER PT J AU De Lannoy, GJM Houser, PR Verhoest, NEC Pauwels, VRN Gish, TJ AF De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M. Houser, Paul R. Verhoest, Niko E. C. Pauwels, Valentijn R. N. Gish, Timothy J. TI Upscaling of point soil moisture measurements to field averages at the OPE3 test site SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; representativeness; stability; scaling; variability; observation operator ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTION; REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; TEMPORAL STABILITY; WATER CONTENT; TIME; VARIABILITY AB Some techniques are proposed to limit the representativeness error of point soil. moisture observations as estimates for spatial mean soil moisture in the Optimizing Production Inputs for Economic and Environmental Enhancement (OPE3) field site. First, representative measurement locations for the spatial mean soil. moisture are sought by ranking of the sensors based on the time-mean differences between the point values and the spatial mean. Next, simple statistical methods, as well as models in both the time and frequency domain are explored to scale up point measurements to field averaged soil moisture. Upscaling by a simple linear relationship and cumulative distribution function (cdf) matching generally provide the best estimates of the temporal evolution of the spatial. mean soil moisture. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. George Mason Univ, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Res Environm & Water, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP De Lannoy, GJM (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Gabrielle.DeLannoy@UGent.be RI Verhoest, Niko/C-9726-2010; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; OI Verhoest, Niko/0000-0003-4116-8881; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Pauwels, Valentijn/0000-0002-1290-9313 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 343 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.06.004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 211UU UT WOS:000249549600001 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Liu, Z Rozo, CT Hamed, HA Alem, F Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, Qian Liu, Zhugong Rozo, Cristina T. Hamed, Hossein A. Alem, Farhang Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Gause, William C. TI The role of B cells in the development of CD4 effector T cells during a polarized th2 immune response SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; DEFICIENT MICE; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; NEMATODE PARASITES; COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; LYMPHOID ORGANS; DENDRITIC CELLS; ANTIGEN; DIFFERENTIATION AB Previous studies have suggested that B cells promote Th2 cell development by inhibiting Th1 cell differentiation. To examine whether B cells are directly required for the development of IL-4-producing T cells in the lymph node during a highly polarized Th2 response, B cell-deficient and wild-type mice were inoculated with the nematode parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. On day 7, in the absence of increased IFN-gamma, IL-4 protein and gene expression from CD4 T cells in the draining lymph nodes were markedly reduced in B cell-deficient mice and could not be restored by multiple immunizations. Using a DO11.10 T cell adoptive transfer system, OVA-specific T cell IL-4 production and cell cycle progression, but not cell surface expression of early activation markers, were impaired in B cell-deficient recipient mice following immunization with N. brasiliensis plus OVA. Laser capture microdissection and immunofluorescent staining showed that pronounced IL-4 mRNA and protein secretion by donor DO11.10 T cells first occurred in the T cell:B cell zone of the lymph node shortly after inoculation of IL-4(-/-) recipients, suggesting that this microenvironment is critical for initial Th2 cell development. Reconstitution of B cell-deficient mice with wild-type naive B cells, or IL-4(-/-) B cells, substantially restored Ag-specific T cell IL-4 production. However, reconstitution with B7-1/B7-2-deficient B cells failed to rescue the IL-4-producing DO11.10 T cells. These results suggest that B cells, expressing B7 costimulatory molecules, are required in the absence of an underlying IFN-gamma-mediated response for the development of a polarized primary Ag-specific Th2 response in vivo. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nut Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM gausewc@umdnj.cdu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI066188-02, AI31678, R01 AI031678, R01 AI031678-10, R01 AI031678-11, R01 AI031678-12, R01 AI031678-13, R01 AI031678-14, R01 AI066188, R01 AI066188-01A1] NR 55 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 179 IS 6 BP 3821 EP 3830 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 210ON UT WOS:000249465600052 PM 17785819 ER PT J AU Lasco, TM Gonzalez-Juarrero, M Saalmuller, A Lunney, JK AF Lasco, Todd M. Gonzalez-Juarrero, Mercedes Saalmueller, Armin Lunney, Joan K. TI Cross-reaction of anti-human CD monoclonal antibodies on guinea pig cells: A summary of the guinea pig section of the HLDA8 animal homologues data SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CY DEC, 2004 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA DE guinea pig; CD antigen; splenocyte ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB A panel of 377 commercially available monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for a total of 144 CD antigens was submitted to the animal homologue section of the Eighth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA8, Adelaide, Australia) forcross-reactivity studies in a range of vertebrate species. Each of the mAbs in this study was screened for positive reactivity with guinea pig splenocytes by flow cytometry. In the first phase of this study 36 of the total 367 mAbs (9.81%) cross-reacted with splenocyte surface molecules. The majority (26 of 36) of these cross-reactive mAbs were analysed further to confirm appropriate cell subset expression by two-color immunofluorescence. Our results indicate that 15 anti-human CD9, CD 10, CD 14, CD20 (two clones), CD22, CD25, CD29 (two clones), CD32, CD47 (two clones), CD49d, CD49e, and CD86 mAbs exhibit clear cross-reactivity with guinea pig splenocytes. These mAb can potentially be added to the limited repertoire of reagents available for studies in this model system. This data clearly indicates that mouse anti-human CD mAb guinea pig cross-reactions have been defined and that an aim of this HLDA8 section has been fulfilled, i.e., to identify mAbs which recognize conserved, species-independent CD epitopes. These results will contribute to the availability of mAbs and tools in veterinary medicine and immunology. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO USA. Vet Univ Vienna, Clin Immunol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. USDA, ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lasco, TM (reprint author), 3913 Lord Byron Circle, Round Rock, TX 78664 USA. EM tmlasco@gmail.com OI Saalmuller, Armin/0000-0002-7703-3252 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.016 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 214CK UT WOS:000249713400016 PM 17658620 ER PT J AU Gaylord, TG Barrows, FT Teague, AM Johansen, KA Overturf, KE Shepherd, B AF Gaylord, T. Gibson Barrows, Frederic T. Teague, April M. Johansen, Katherine A. Overturf, Ken E. Shepherd, Brian TI Supplementation of taurine and methionine to all-plant protein diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; taurine; methionine ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; UNDERIVATIZED AMINO-ACIDS; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; SERIOLA-QUINQUERADIATA; HORMONE-RELEASE; FISH; PERFORMANCE; JUVENILE; PROLACTIN AB Taurine has been demonstrated to be a conditionally indispensable nutrient for several carnivorous fish species. Currently, trout feeds contain reduced levels of fishmeal which had been the primary source of dietary taurine. The reduction of fishmeal in the diet, and thus dietary taurine, may limit growth. A 12-week feeding trial was conducted using a factorial treatment design with taurine supplementation (3 levels) and methionine supplementation (3 levels) as the main effects. The diets were formulated to be fishmeal free, containing only plant proteins. Taurine was supplemented at 0, 5, and 10 g/kg dry diet and methionine was supplemented at 0, 5, and 10 g/kg dry diet in a 3 x 3 factorial design. All diets were formulated to contain 43.8% crude protein from intact protein and 20% lipid. Fifteen fish with a mean initial weight of approximately 18.4 g per fish were stocked in each of 27 tanks. The unsupplemented diet had 3.6 g of taurine/kg diet and 11.5 g total sulfur amino acids (met + cys)/kg diet. Supplementation with taurine improved growth (p = 0.096, g gain per fish), and with 5 g/kg diet an increase in feed consumption (p = 0.095) was observed. Methionine supplementation reduced growth (p = 0.010, g gain per fish) and feed consumption (p = 0.055). Neither taurine nor methionine supplementation had an effect on protein retention efficiency, energy retention efficiency or feed conversion ratio. Increased methionine intakes resulted in decreased (p = 0.009) intraperitoneal fat deposition, whereas taurine levels had no effect. Plasma GH levels were not affected by either methionine or taurine supplementation, but decreased plasma IGF-I concentrations (p = 0.009) were associated with methionine supplementation (5 g/kg diet). In conclusion, dietary taurine inclusion does appear beneficial for trout fed all-plant protein diets, and supplementation of methionine above the requirement does not appear to spare taurine. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Great Lakes Water Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. USDA, ARS, PWA Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. USDA ARS, NAA Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Gaylord, TG (reprint author), Amer Med Assoc, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. EM ggaylord@uidaho.edu NR 43 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 14 PY 2007 VL 269 IS 1-4 BP 514 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.011 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 205VV UT WOS:000249143600050 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Shelby, R. A. Shoemaker, C. A. Klesius, P. H. TI Passive immunization of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus with anti-Flavobacterium columnare sera SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; passive immunization ID PSYCHROPHILUM; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIBODIES; SIZE; FISH AB Passive immunization of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) was conducted to determine if anti -Flavobacterium columnare serum was protective when injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into channel catfish. The anti - F columnare serum was produced by actively immunizing (i.p. injection) channel catfish with sonicated whole cells or purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of F. columnarein Freund's adjuvant. Serum anti-F columnare activity was verified by Western blotting and ELISA of serum. Normal serum and sterile culture broth were used as controls. Complement was inactivated in all sera by heating. After 48 h, passively immunized fish were challenged with virulent R. columnare by i.p. injection. A group of unchallenged fish served as controls. The immune response of catfish to the antigenic fractions was different when examined by Western blotting. Antibody produced with whole-cell antigen responded to a broad range of molecular weight components, while LPS antigens were restricted to a pair of bands near 20 kDa. Control fish injected with culture medium experienced 100 % mortality 14 d post-challenge. Relative percent survival was 77 and 73 for catfish passively immunized with anti-LPS and anti-whole-cell serum, respectively. Results suggest that antibodies in the serum are involved in the protective immune response against columnaris disease in channel catfish. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aquaric Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Shelby, RA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aquaric Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rshelby@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 14 PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.3354/dao01828 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 219WV UT WOS:000250119800008 PM 17972756 ER PT J AU Lynn, T Grannis, J Williams, M Marshall, K Miller, R Bush, E Bruntz, S AF Lynn, T. Grannis, J. Williams, M. Marshall, K. Miller, R. Bush, E. Bruntz, S. TI An evaluation of scrapie surveillance in the United States SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium of the International-Society-for-Veterinary-Epidemiology-and-Economics (ISVEE) CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Vet Epidemiol & Econ DE National Animal Health Surveillance System; surveillance evaluation; scrapie; animal health surveillance; program evaluation ID SHEEP AB Animal health surveillance systems should reflect national disease control priorities and promote the best use of public resources by maximizing effectiveness and efficiency. A surveillance system should be routinely evaluated to assess the degree to which the system accomplishes these goals, fulfills its stated objectives, and meets accepted surveillance standards. In the United States, there are a number of disparate endemic disease surveillance and eradication programs. The National Animal Health Surveillance System is a federal initiative designed to combine animal health surveillance and monitoring activities into a comprehensive and coordinated system. A protocol has been developed to facilitate the evaluation of animal health surveillance systems and investigate opportunities for coordination between the different surveillance and eradication programs. The evaluation protocol was based largely on protocols developed for public health but adapted for the specific needs and goals of animal health surveillance. The evaluation process was designed to identify program strengths and areas for improvement and facilitate the system's adaptability to changing situations. The evaluation protocol was applied to the scrapie surveillance system in the United States; scrapie surveillance was found to be an important part of surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Results from the evaluation of sensitivity, sampling methods and representativeness are presented. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, CEAH, APHIS, VS,Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lynn, T (reprint author), USDA, CEAH, APHIS, VS,Nat Resources Res Ctr, Bldg B,2150 Ctr Ave,Mail Stop 2E6, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Tracey.V.Lynn@aphis.usda.gov RI Miller, Ryan/G-6356-2010 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD SEP 14 PY 2007 VL 81 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.001 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 196GS UT WOS:000248470300006 PM 17482695 ER PT J AU Bridges, VE Akkina, J Grannis, J Johnson, C Johnson, R Tuszynski, C AF Bridges, V. E. Akkina, J. Grannis, J. Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Tuszynski, C. TI A qualitative assessment tool for the potential of infectious disease emergence and spread SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium of the International-Society-for-Veterinary-Epidemiology-and-Economics (ISVEE) CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Vet Epidemiol & Econ DE factors for disease emergence; qualitative risk assessment; emerging disease; risk factor AB Improved understanding and assessment of the complex factors associated with disease emergence and spread will lead to better management and thus reduction of risk for disease occurrence. Specific biological, ecologic, environmental, and societal factors have been identified that precede emerging infections. Based on these factors, a qualitative tool was developed to assess risk for disease emergence and spread. Within this tool, three separate assessment elements were developed: novel disease evolution, pathways by which a disease agent could be introduced into a country, and domestic spread from the location of introduction or evolution. Risk factors identified for each of the three elements consist of specific descriptions of production practices, consumer demand, trade, health conditions, and environmental conditions, and are categorized as primary or secondary. Using this tool, those factors contributing greatest to risk of disease emergence can be identified and targeted for mitigation. In addition, risk can be monitored over time, focusing on factors that are primary or that have the greatest potential for increasing disease emergence risk. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Issues, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ctr Emerging Issues, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bridges, VE (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Issues, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Victoria.E.Bridges@aphis.usda.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD SEP 14 PY 2007 VL 81 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.008 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 196GS UT WOS:000248470300007 PM 17498827 ER PT J AU Santanello, JA Peters-Lidard, CD Garcia, ME Mocko, DM Tischler, MA Moran, MS Thoma, DP AF Santanello, Joseph A., Jr. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Garcia, Matthew E. Mocko, David M. Tischler, Michael A. Moran, M. Susan Thoma, D. P. TI Using remotely-sensed estimates of soil moisture to infer soil texture and hydraulic properties across a semi-arid watershed SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE parameter estimation; soil moisture; active microwave; passive microwave; PBMR; land surface modeling; model calibration; soil hydraulic; properties; temporal sampling; watershed modeling; soil type; pedotransfer functions ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; ETA-MODEL; CONDUCTIVITY; PARAMETERS; SIMULATION; ENERGY; FLOW AB Near-surface soil moisture is a critical component of land surface energy and water balance studies encompassing a wide range of disciplines. However, the processes of infiltration, runoff, and evapotranspiration in the vadose zone of the soil are not easy to quantify or predict because of the difficulty in accurately representing soil texture and hydraulic properties in land surface models. This study approaches the problem of parameterizing soil properties from a unique perspective based on components originally developed for operational estimation of soil moisture for mobility assessments. Estimates of near-surface soil moisture derived from passive (L-band) microwave remote sensing were acquired on six dates during the Monsoon '90 experiment in southeastern Arizona, and used to calibrate hydraulic properties in an offline land surface model and infer information on the soil conditions of the region. Specifically, a robust parameter estimation tool (PEST) was used to calibrate the Noah land surface model and run at very high spatial resolution across the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Errors in simulated versus observed soil moisture were minimized by adjusting the soil texture, which in turn controls the hydraulic properties through the use of pedotransfer functions. By estimating within a continuous range of widely applicable soil properties such as sand, silt, and clay percentages rather than applying rigid soil texture classes, lookup tables, or large parameter sets as in previous studies, the physical accuracy and consistency of the resulting soils could then be assessed. In addition, the sensitivity of this calibration method to the number and timing of microwave retrievals is determined in relation to the temporal patterns in precipitation and soil drying. The resultant soil properties were applied to an extended time period demonstrating the improvement in simulated soil moisture over that using default or county-level soil parameters. The methodology is also applied to an independent case at Walnut Gulch using a new soil moisture product from active (C-band) radar imagery with much lower spatial and temporal resolution. Overall, results demonstrate the potential to gain physically meaningful soil information using simple parameter estimation with few but appropriately timed remote sensing retrievals. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 UMCP, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, TEC, Alexandria, VA USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Santanello, JA (reprint author), UMCP, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. EM sntnello@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Santanello, Joseph/D-4438-2012; Garcia, Matthew/K-9286-2013; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Santanello, Joseph/0000-0002-0807-6590; Garcia, Matthew/0000-0002-9637-4204; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 69 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 14 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 1 BP 79 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.007 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 198PJ UT WOS:000248639700006 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Batten, HL AF Sullivan, D. G. Batten, H. L. TI Little river experimental watershed, Tifton, Georgia, United States: A historical geographic database of conservation practice implementation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Little River Experimental Watershed located in the headwaters of the Upper Suwannee River basin is one of twelve national benchmark watersheds participating in the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Watershed Assessment Studies (CEAP-WAS). Historical paper files and maps (circa 1980-2006) were collected and used to develop a geographic database of conservation practices supported by the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service. The CEAP-WAS database can be queried by conservation practice, total acreages enrolled, year of implementation, and location. The CEAP-WAS database is integral to understanding the links between conservation practice implementation and placement with observed changes in hydrologic processes within a small southern Coastal Plain watershed. All associated geographic information has been provided in shapefile format and has been projected into universal transverse Mercator coordinates ( zone 17), using NAD83 as the datum and GRS80 as the ellipsoid. Data may be accessed via ftp://www.tiftonars.org/, archived in a folder named ceap_data. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. EM dana.sullivan@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 14 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 9 AR W09475 DI 10.1029/2007WR006143 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 211JZ UT WOS:000249521400001 ER PT J AU Kemanian, AR Stockle, CO Huggins, DR Viega, LM AF Kemanian, Armen R. Stockle, Claudio O. Huggins, David R. Viega, Luis M. TI A simple method to estimate harvest index in grain crops SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE simulating harvest index; source-sink limitation; sterility; reserves utilization ID DRY-MATTER; WATER-USE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; SIMULATION-MODEL; WHEAT; YIELD; SORGHUM; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENT; MAIZE AB Several methods have been proposed to simulate yield in crop simulation models. In this work, we present a simple method to estimate harvest index (HI) of grain crops based on fractional post-anthesis phase growth (f(G) = fraction of biomass accumulation that occurred in the post-anthesis phase). We propose that HI increases in a linear or curvilinear fashion in response to f(G). The linear model has two parameters, the intercept (HI.) and the slope (s). The curvilinear model was assumed to be monotonic: HI = HIx - (HIx - HIo) center dot exp(-k center dot f(G)); where HIx is the asymptote, HIo is the intercept and k is a constant modulating the rate of HI increase. The models were tested for barley (Pullman, WA and Uruguay), wheat (Pullman, WA) and sorghum (Australia). A positive relationship between HI and fG was in general evident. For barley, the linear model appropriately represented the response of HI to fG, with both HI, and s in the vicinity of 0.3. For wheat HI, and s were 0.34 and 0.21, respectively, but the curvilinear model yielded a slightly better fitting than the linear model. For sorghum, both linear and linear-plateau models fitted data reasonably well. It is shown that the models work well in crops source-limited or source-sink co-limited during grain filling, but in sink-limited conditions the magnitude of the limitation needs to be characterized to compute HI. A major advantage of this method is that the parameters of the linear or curvilinear model are readily calibrated from yield data and biomass measurements at anthesis and harvest. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Blackland Res & Extension Ctr, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Republica, Fac Agron, Dept Biol Vegetal, Montevideo 12600, Uruguay. RP Kemanian, AR (reprint author), Blackland Res & Extension Ctr, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM akemanian@brc.tamus.edu; stockle@wsu.edu; dhuggins@wsu.edu; lviega@fagro.edu.uy NR 28 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP 13 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.06.007 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 213QH UT WOS:000249681700006 ER PT J AU Jago, R Baranowski, T Baranowski, JC Cullen, KW Thompson, D AF Jago, Russell Baranowski, Tom Baranowski, Janice C. Cullen, Karen W. Thompson, Debbe TI Distance to food stores & adolescent male fruit and vegetable consumption: mediation effects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH ENRICHMENT MULTISITE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN BOYS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; DIETARY-INTAKE; RISK; PREDICTORS; CHILDREN; OBESITY; CITY AB Background: The physical environments in which adolescents reside and their access to food stores may influence their consumption of fruit and vegetables. This association could either be direct or mediated via psychosocial variables or home availability of fruit and vegetables. A greater understanding of these associations would aide the design of new interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between distance to food stores and restaurants and fruit and vegetable consumption and the possible mediating role of psychosocial variables and home availability. Methods: Fruit and vegetable consumption of 204 Boy Scouts was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire in 2003. Participant addresses were geo-coded and distance to different types of food stores and restaurants calculated. Fruit and vegetable preferences, home availability and self-efficacy were measured. Regression models were run with backward deletion of non-significant environmental and psychosocial variables. Mediation tests were performed. Results: Residing further away from a small food store (SFS) (convenience store and drug store) was associated with increased fruit and juice and low fat vegetable consumption. Residing closer to a fast food restaurant was associated with increased high fat vegetable and fruit and juice consumption. Vegetable preferences partially mediated (26%) the relationship between low fat vegetable consumption and distance to the nearest SFS. Conclusion: Distance to SFS and fast food restaurants were associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among male adolescents. Vegetable preferences partially mediated the distance to low fat vegetable relationship. More research is needed to elucidate how environmental variables impact children's dietary intake. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Exercise Nutr & Hlth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TP, Avon, England. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Jago, R (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Exercise Nutr & Hlth Sci, Tyndal Ave, Bristol BS8 1TP, Avon, England. EM russ.jago@bris.ac.uk; tbaranow@bcm.edu; jbaranow@bcm.edu; kcullen@bcm.edu; dit@bcm.edu OI Jago, Russell/0000-0002-3394-0176; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 NR 56 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1479-5868 J9 INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY JI Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. PD SEP 13 PY 2007 VL 4 AR 35 DI 10.1186/1479-5868-4-35 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA 225RE UT WOS:000250534200001 PM 17850673 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, F. Christian TI The Vietnam War added a motive to go on studying SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 0169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 13 PY 2007 VL 449 IS 7159 BP 139 EP 139 DI 10.1038/449139d PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 209NF UT WOS:000249394500019 PM 17851491 ER PT J AU Torkzaban, S Bradford, SA Walker, SL AF Torkzaban, Saeed Bradford, Scott A. Walker, Sharon L. TI Resolving the coupled effects of hydrodynamics and DLVO forces on colloid attachment in porous media SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; SINGLE-COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY; FILTRATION THEORY; TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS; SHEAR FLOW; PLANE WALL; TRANSPORT; DETACHMENT; DEPOSITION; MODEL AB Transport of colloidal particles in porous media is governed by the rate at which the colloids strike and stick to collector surfaces. Classic filtration theory has considered the influence of system hydrodynamics on determining the rate at which colloids strike collector surfaces, but has neglected the influence of hydrodynamic forces in the calculation of the collision efficiency. Computational simulations based on the sphere-in-cell model were conducted that considered the influence of hydrodynamic and Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) forces on colloid attachment to collectors of various shape and size. Our analysis indicated that hydrodynamic and DLVO forces and collector shape and size significantly influenced the colloid collision efficiency. Colloid attachment was only possible on regions of the collector where the torque from hydrodynamic shear acting on colloids adjacent to collector surfaces was less than the adhesive (DLVO) torque that resists detachment. The fraction of the collector surface area on which attachment was possible increased with solution ionic strength, collector size, and decreasing flow velocity. Simulations demonstrated that quantitative evaluation of colloid transport through porous media will require nontraditional approaches that account for hydrodynamic and DLVO forces as well as collector shape and size. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 NR 60 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 19 BP 9652 EP 9660 DI 10.1021/1a700995e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 207HD UT WOS:000249241300022 PM 17705511 ER PT J AU Morgan, JA Milchunas, DG LeCain, DR West, M Mosier, AR AF Morgan, Jack A. Milchunas, Daniel G. LeCain, Daniel R. West, Mark Mosier, Arvin R. TI Carbon dioxide enrichment alters plant community structure and accelerates shrub growth in the shortgrass steppe SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE C-3; C-4; functional group; global change; semiarid grassland ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GRASSLAND RESPONSES; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; WATER RELATIONS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; RANGELANDS; EXPANSION AB A hypothesis has been advanced that the incursion of woody plants into world grasslands over the past two centuries has been driven in part by increasing carbon dioxide concentration, [CO2], in Earth's atmosphere. Unlike the warm season forage grasses they are displacing, woody plants have a photosynthetic metabolism and carbon allocation patterns that are responsive to CO2, and many have tap roots that are more effective than grasses for reaching deep soil water stores that can be enhanced under elevated CO2. However, this commonly cited hypothesis has little direct support from manipulative experimentation and competes with more traditional theories of shrub encroachment involving climate change, management, and fire. Here, we show that, although doubling [CO2] over the Colorado shortgrass steppe had little impact on plant species diversity, it resulted in an increasingly dissimilar plant community over the 5-year experiment compared with plots maintained at present-day [CO2]. Growth at the doubled [CO2] resulted in an approximate to 40-fold increase in aboveground biomass and a 20-fold increase in plant cover of Artemisia frigida Willd, a common subshrub of some North American and Asian grasslands. This CO2-induced enhancement of plant growth, among the highest yet reported, provides evidence from a native grassland suggesting that rising atmospheric [CO2] may be contributing to the shrubland expansions of the past 200 years. Encroachment of shrubs into grasslands is an important problem facing rangeland managers and ranchers; this process replaces grasses, the preferred forage of domestic livestock, with species that are unsuitable for domestic livestock grazing. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Morgan, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jack.morgan@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 65 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 37 BP 14724 EP 14729 DI 10.1073/pnas.0703427104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 211GT UT WOS:000249513000033 PM 17785422 ER PT J AU Khan, A Fux, B Su, C Dubey, JP Darde, ML Ajioka, JW Rosenthal, BM Sibley, LD AF Khan, A. Fux, B. Su, C. Dubey, J. P. Darde, M. L. Ajioka, J. W. Rosenthal, B. M. Sibley, L. D. TI Recent transcontinental sweeps of Toxoplasma gondii driven by a single monomorphic' chromosome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biogeography; evolution; pathogen; transmission; virulence ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ORAL-TRANSMISSION; STRAINS; RECOMBINATION; ASSOCIATIONS; INHERITANCE; EXPANSION; VIRULENCE; LINEAGES; GENOTYPE AB Toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of animals and threatens human health by contaminating food and water. A markedly limited number of clonal parasite lineages have been recognized as predominating in North American and European populations, whereas strains from South America are comparatively diverse. Here, we show that strains from North America and Europe share distinct genetic polymorphisms that are mutually exclusive from polymorphisms in strains from the south. A striking exception to this geographic segregation is a monomorphic version of one chromosome (Chr1a) that characterizes virtually all northern and many southern isolates. Using a combination of molecular phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that northern and southern parasite populations diverged from a common ancestor in isolation over a period of approximate to 10(6) yr, and that the monomorphic Chr1a has swept each population within the past 10,000 years. Like its definitive feline hosts, T. gondii may have entered South America and diversified there after reestablishment of the Panamanian land bridge. Since then, recombination has been an infrequent but important force in generating new T. gondii genotypes. Genes unique to a monomorphic version of a single parasite chromosome may have facilitated a recent population sweep of a limited number of highly successful T. gondii lineages. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Biol Resource Ctr Toxoplasma, Fac Med, EA3174, F-87042 Limoges, France. Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. RP Sibley, LD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM benjamin.rosenthal@ars.usda.gov RI Sibley, L. David/C-4616-2008; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013; OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108; Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI036629, AI059176, R01 AI059176, AI036629]; Wellcome Trust NR 27 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 37 BP 14872 EP 14877 DI 10.1073/pnas.0702356104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 211GT UT WOS:000249513000058 PM 17804804 ER PT J AU Cuomo, CA Gueldener, U Xu, JR Trail, F Turgeon, BG Di Pietro, A Walton, JD Ma, LJ Baker, SE Rep, M Adam, G Antoniw, J Baldwin, T Calvo, S Chang, YL DeCaprio, D Gale, LR Gnerre, S Goswami, RS Hammond-Kosack, K Harris, LJ Hilburn, K Kennell, JC Kroken, S Magnuson, JK Mannhaupt, G Mauceli, E Mewes, HW Mitterbauer, R Muehlbauer, G Munsterkotter, M Nelson, D O'Donnell, K Ouellet, T Qi, WH Quesneville, H Roncero, MIG Seong, KY Tetko, IV Urban, M Waalwijk, C Ward, TJ Yao, JQ Birren, BW Kistler, HC AF Cuomo, Christina A. Gueldener, Ulrich Xu, Jin-Rong Trail, Frances Turgeon, B. Gillian Di Pietro, Antonio Walton, Jonathan D. Ma, Li-Jun Baker, Scott E. Rep, Martijn Adam, Gerhard Antoniw, John Baldwin, Thomas Calvo, Sarah Chang, Yueh-Long DeCaprio, David Gale, Liane R. Gnerre, Sante Goswami, Rubella S. Hammond-Kosack, Kim Harris, Linda J. Hilburn, Karen Kennell, John C. Kroken, Scott Magnuson, Jon K. Mannhaupt, Gertrud Mauceli, Evan Mewes, Hans-Werner Mitterbauer, Rudolf Muehlbauer, Gary Muensterkoetter, Martin Nelson, David O'Donnell, Kerry Ouellet, Therese Qi, Weihong Quesneville, Hadi Roncero, M. Isabel G. Seong, Kye-Yong Tetko, Igor V. Urban, Martin Waalwijk, Cees Ward, Todd J. Yao, Jiqiang Birren, Bruce W. Kistler, H. Corby TI The Fusarium graminearum genome reveals a link between localized polymorphism and pathogen specialization SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUROSPORA; DNA AB We sequenced and annotated the genome of the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum, a major pathogen of cultivated cereals. Very few repetitive sequences were detected, and the process of repeat-induced point mutation, in which duplicated sequences are subject to extensive mutation, may partially account for the reduced repeat content and apparent low number of paralogous (ancestrally duplicated) genes. A second strain of F. graminearum contained more than 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which were frequently located near telomeres and within other discrete chromosomal segments. Many highly polymorphic regions contained sets of genes implicated in plant-fungus interactions and were unusually divergent, with higher rates of recombination. These regions of genome innovation may result from selection due to interactions of F. graminearum with its plant hosts. C1 Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Bioinformat, Neuherberg, Germany. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, BOKU, Vienna, Austria. Rothamsted Res, Harpenden, Herts, England. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Inst Jacques Monod, F-75251 Paris, France. Plant Res Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Bioorgan Chem & Photochem, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hckist@umn.edu RI Guldener, Ulrich/G-5227-2012; Di Pietro, Antonio/K-9220-2014; Tetko, Igor/B-1540-2010; OI Guldener, Ulrich/0000-0001-5052-8610; Nelson, David/0000-0003-0583-5421; Broz, Karen/0000-0001-7928-7216; Cuomo, Christina/0000-0002-5778-960X; Di Pietro, Antonio/0000-0001-5930-5763; Tetko, Igor/0000-0002-6855-0012; Ma, Li-Jun/0000-0002-2733-3708; Roncero, M. Isabel G./0000-0002-5283-7836; Urban, Martin/0000-0003-2440-4352 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [U54 HG003067] NR 16 TC 381 Z9 620 U1 15 U2 128 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5843 BP 1400 EP 1402 DI 10.1126/science.1143708 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 209GR UT WOS:000249377500049 PM 17823352 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Lowrance, R Strickland, TC Sheridan, JM Hubbard, RK Bosch, DD AF Feyereisen, G. W. Lowrance, R. Strickland, T. C. Sheridan, J. M. Hubbard, R. K. Bosch, D. D. TI Long-term water chemistry database, Little River Experimental Watershed, southeast Coastal Plain, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STREAMFLOW; TRANSPORT; SOLIDS AB A water quality sampling program was initiated in 1974 by the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on the 334 km(2) Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) near Tifton in south Georgia to monitor the effects of changing land use and agricultural practices over time and to support development of simulation models capable of predicting future impacts of agricultural land use and management changes. Stream samples were taken on a weekly or more frequent basis and were analyzed for chloride, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus. Monitoring began in 1974 on the entire watershed and four nested subwatersheds, ranging in size from 16.7 to 114.9 km(2), and continues until present. Partial records of 7, 10, and 19 years exist for three additional subwatersheds. Suspended solids data are available for all eight subwatersheds for 1974 - 1978 and 1979 - 1981, three subwatersheds for 1982 - 1986, and all eight subwatersheds again beginning in the year 2000. The concentration and associated load data are being published on the LREW database anonymous ftp site ( ftp:// www. tiftonars. org/). C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM richard.lowrance@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 9 AR W09474 DI 10.1029/2006WR005835 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 209FI UT WOS:000249374000003 ER PT J AU Shilabin, AG Kasanah, N Wedge, DE Hamann, MT AF Shilabin, Abbas Gholipour Kasanah, Noer Wedge, David E. Hamann, Mark T. TI Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLLUSK ELYSIA-RUFESCENS; SECONDARY-AMINES; BREAST-CANCER; BRYOPSIS SP; PEPTIDE; DEPSIPEPTIDE; ALKYLATION; COMPOUND; PROSTATE; PHASE AB Kahalalide F (1) shows remarkable antitumor activity against different carcinomas and has recently completed phase I clinical trials and is being evaluated in phase 11 clinical studies. The antifungal activity of this molecule has not been thoroughly investigated. In this report, we focused on acetylation and oxidation of the secondary alcohol of threonine, as well as reductive alkylation of the primary amine of ornithine, and each product was evaluated for improvements in antifungal activity. 1 and analogues do not exhibit antimalarial, antileishmania, or antibacterial activity; however, the antifungal activity against different strains of fungi was particularly significant. This series of compounds was highly active against Fusarium spp., which represents an opportunistic infection in humans and plants. The in vitro cytotoxicity for the new analogues of 1 was evaluated in the NCI 60 cell panel. Analogue 5 exhibited enhanced potency in several human cancer cell lines relative to 1. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Hamann, MT (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. EM mthamann@olemiss.edu RI Hamann, Mark/E-9251-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [C06 RR-14503-01, C06 RR014503]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI036596, AI 27094, R01 AI027094, R01AI36596] NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD SEP 6 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 18 BP 4340 EP 4350 DI 10.1021/jm061288r PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 205YI UT WOS:000249150700009 PM 17696332 ER PT J AU Smith, LL Strickland, JR AF Smith, Lori L. Strickland, James R. TI Improved GC/MS method for quantitation of n-alkanes in plant and fecal material SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE n-alkanes; dietary intake estimation; GC/MS ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; GRAZING DAIRY-COWS; HERBAGE INTAKE; DIET COMPOSITION; MARKERS; SHEEP AB A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the quantitation of n-alkanes (carbon backbones ranging from 21 to 36 carbon atoms) in forage and fecal samples has been developed. Automated solid-liquid extraction using elevated temperature and pressure minimized extraction time to 30 min per sample as compared to more than 24 h for traditional GC-flame ionization detection methods that use saponification and liquid-liquid extraction. Extraction solvent requirements were also minimized to 10 mL per sample. Under optimal conditions, complete method recoveries, including extraction efficiency, were greater than 91%. The linear dynamic range was 5 to 100 nmol injected onto the column, with a limit of quantitation of 5 nmol. Intra-assay coefficients of variation for the analysis of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), subterranean clover (Tritolium subterranean), and bovine feces ranged from 0.1%-12.9%, where lower concentrations of n-alkane produced a higher degree of imprecision. The reported GC/MS method permits simple, rapid, and precise quantitation of n-alkanes in plant and fecal material and reduces reagent and labor requirements. C1 USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Strickland, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jstrickland@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 18 BP 7301 EP 7307 DI 10.1021/jf071313h PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 205YK UT WOS:000249150900013 PM 17696447 ER PT J AU Britz, SJ Prasad, PVV Moreau, RA Allen, LH Kremer, DF Boote, KJ AF Britz, Steven J. Prasad, P. V. V. Moreau, Robert A. Allen, L. Hartwell, Jr. Kremer, Diane F. Boote, Kenneth J. TI Influence of growth temperature on the amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and gamma-oryzanol in brown rice SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; climate change; temperature; tocopherols; tocotrienols; oryzanol; Oryza sativa; Oryza glaberrima ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; BRAN OIL; CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; PLANTING LOCATION; ACCUMULATION; PHYTOSTEROL; COMPONENTS; HAMSTERS; STEROLS AB Brown rice is a valuable source of lipid-soluble antioxidants including ferulated phytosterols (i.e., gamma-oryzanol), tocopherols, and tocotrienols. To evaluate the impact of temperature on the accumulation of these compounds, seeds from six different rice lines grown to maturity in replicate greenhouses in Gainesville, FL, were analyzed. The lines represented Oryza sativa indica, O. sativa japonica, and Oryza glaberrima of different origins. Temperatures were maintained near ambient at one end of each greenhouse and at approximately 4.5 degrees C above ambient at the other end. gamma-Oryzanols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols were extracted from whole seed (i.e., brown rice) and analyzed by HPLC. Tocotrienols and tocopherols varied widely between lines but changed only slightly with respect to temperature. In general, the proportions of alpha-tocotrienol and/or alpha-tocopherol increased at elevated temperature, whereas gamma-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol decreased. Six gamma-oryzanol peaks, identified on the basis of absorbance maxima at 330 nm and HPLC-mass spectrometry, were quantified. The most abundant component was 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, present at 40-62% of total. Its levels increased 35-57% at elevated temperature in five of six lines, accounting for most of the change in total gamma-oryzanol. The results suggest that the physiological action of individual ferulated phylosterols should be investigated because their relative proportions in gamma-oryzanol can change. C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, CMAVE, Agr Res Serv, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Britz, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM steven.britz@ars.usda.gov RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012; OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 18 BP 7559 EP 7565 DI 10.1021/jf0637729 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 205YK UT WOS:000249150900046 PM 17725318 ER PT J AU Chandra, A Turng, LS Gopalan, P Rowell, RM Gong, SQ AF Chandra, Alexander Turng, Lih-Sheng Gopalan, Padma Rowell, Roger M. Gong, Shaoqin TI Semitransparent poly(styrene-r-maleic anhydride)/alumina nanocomposites for optical applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; nanotechnology; UV-vis spectroscopy ID ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; ULTRASONIC DEGRADATION; PARTICLES; POLYMERS AB This article presents the development and characterization of transparent poly(styreiie-r-maleic anhydride) (SMA)/alumina nanocomposites for potential use in optical applications. Chemically treated spherical alumina nanoparticles were dispersed in an SMA matrix polymer via the solution and melt-compounding methods to produce 2 wt % nanocomposites. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the nanoparticle dispersion. When the solution method was used, nanoparticle reagglomeration occurred, despite the fairly good polymer wetting. However, through the coating of the alumina nanoparticles with a thin layer (ca. 20 nm) of low-molecular-weight SMA, reagglomeration was absent in the melt-compounded samples, and this resulted in excellent nanoparticle dispersion. The resultant nanocomposites were semitransparent to visible light at a 2-mm thickness with improved UV-barrier properties. Their impact strengths, tensile strengths, and strains at break were slightly reduced compared with those of their neat resin counterpart, whereas a small enhancement in their moduli was achieved. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Mech, Polymer Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Turng, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Mech, Polymer Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM turng@engr.wisc.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 2728 EP 2736 DI 10.1002/app.26349 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 188UC UT WOS:000247943800037 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Mohamed, A Byars, JA Hamaker, SAH Selling, GW AF Sessa, David J. Mohamed, Abdellatif Byars, Jeffrey A. Hamaker, Sharon A. H. Selling, Gordon W. TI Properties of films from corn zein reacted with glutaraldehyde SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE proteins; modification; films; thermal properties; mechanical properties ID CROSS-LINKING; TENSILE PROPERTIES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN; WATER; MECHANISM AB To improve the mechanical properties of zein films, a commercial white zein was reacted in glacial acetic acid (HAc) with glutaraldehyde (GDA) from 0.5 to 16% by weight based on the weight of zein. Amounts of 4% or higher GDA-modified zein, when cured in a closed system, generated a gel. That gel was insoluble in organic solvents known to solubilize zein. Zein solutions cast within a silicon rubber gasket sealed onto Teflon-coated plates, when air dried, generated 0.7-0.9-mm thick films. Those films from 8% GDA-modified zein had a water vapor permeability of 5.9 x 10(-8) g cm/Pa s m(2). Overall, results indicate that our thicker films gave higher water vapor permeability than values reported in the literature. To achieve consistent and comparable results with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA), film samples had to be heated to remove residual HAc. An increase in the glass transition temperatures for those films from GDA-modification of zein, observed with both DSC and DMA, was attributed to the crosslinking of zein. Physical testing of tensile bars cut from GDA-modified zein films showed minor enhancement of tensile strength, percent elongation, and Young's modulus in the 0.5% GDA-modified zein films, which increased and leveled off with 4% or higher amounts of GDA for the modifications. When the 4 to 16% GDA results are averaged, the tensile strength for the modified zein films increased 1.8-fold when compared with unmodified zein control films. On the same note, percent elongation showed a 1.8-fold increase and Young's modulus showed a 1.5-fold increase. GDA reaction with zein generated films with improved tensile strength, ductility, and stiffness when compared with respective zein control films that retained their integrity when subjected to either boiling water or extensive soaking. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, MWA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, MWA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sessa, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, MWA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sessadj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 2877 EP 2883 DI 10.1002/app.26272 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 188UC UT WOS:000247943800055 ER PT J AU Mirbagheri, J Tajvidi, M Hermanson, JC Ghasemi, I AF Mirbagheri, Jarnal Tajvidi, Mehdi Hermanson, John C. Ghasemi, Ismaeil TI Tensile properties of wood flour/kenaf fiber polypropylene hybrid composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hybrid composites; kenaf fiber; wood flour; polypropylene; rule of hybrid mixtures; Halpin-Tsai equation; elastic modulus ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GLASS; PERFORMANCE AB Hybrid composites of wood flour/kenaf fiber and polypropylene were prepared at a fixed fiber to plastic ratio of 40 : 60 and variable ratios of the two reinforcements namely 40: 0, 30:10, 20: 20,10: 30, and 0: 40 by weight. Polypropylene was used as the polymer matrix, and 40-80 mesh kenaf fiber and 60-100 mesh wood flour were used as the fiber and the particulate reinforcement, respectively. Maleic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide were also used as the coupling agent and initiator, respectively. Mixing process was carried out in an internal mixer at 180 degrees C at 60 rpm. ASTM D 638 Type I tensile specimens of the composites were produced by injection molding. Static tensile tests were performed to study the mechanical behavior of the hybrid composites. The hybrid effect on the elastic modulus of the composites was also investigated using the rule of hybrid mixtures and Halpin-Tsai equations. The relationship between experimental and predicted values was evaluated and accuracy estimation of the models was performed. The results indicated that while nonhybrid composites of kenaf fiber and wood flour exhibited the highest and lowest modulus values respectively, the moduli of hybrid composites were closely related to the fiber to particle ratio of the reinforcements. Rule of hybrid mixtures equation was able to predict the elastic modulus of the composites better than Halpin-Tsai equation. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tehran, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wood & Paper Sci & Technol, Karaj, Iran. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Iran Polymer & Petrochem Res Inst, Tehran, Iran. RP Tajvidi, M (reprint author), Univ Tehran, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wood & Paper Sci & Technol, Karaj, Iran. EM mtajvidi@ut.ac.ir RI Tajvidi, Mehdi/D-6959-2012; Hermanson, John/K-8106-2015 OI Hermanson, John/0000-0002-3325-6665 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 3054 EP 3059 DI 10.1002/app.26363 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 188UC UT WOS:000247943800075 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM Marshall, LK AF Bosch, D. D. Sheridan, J. M. Marshall, L. K. TI Precipitation, soil moisture, and climate database, little river experimental watershed, georgia, united states SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN; RAINFALL AB [1] The U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory (SEWRL) initiated a watershed research program at the Little River Experimental Watershed in 1967. Continuous rainfall measurement across the watershed began at that time. Forty-six precipitation gauges and three climate stations are currently in operation. Soil moisture measurements were added to 29 of the rainfall sites from 2001 to 2006. The research quantifies critical information related to long- term and seasonal climatic relationships, hydrologic budgets for the region, water quality studies, and natural resource planning. Rainfall data from the network have been used to evaluate storm characteristics, climatic patterns, and long- term averages for the region. Soil moisture data have been used to examine large- scale patterns across the region and for comparison to remotely sensed data. C1 USDA, ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM david.bosch@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 9 AR W09472 DI 10.1029/2006WR005834 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 209FH UT WOS:000249373900004 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM AF Bosch, D. D. Sheridan, J. M. TI Stream discharge database, little river experimental watershed, georgia, united states SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN WATERSHEDS; FLATLAND WATERSHEDS AB [1] The U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory (SEWRL) initiated a hydrologic research program on the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) in 1967. Long-term (up to 37 years) research quality streamflow data are currently available for up to eight flow measurement sites within the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic region. The LREW stream discharge research program provides fundamental data for research into hydrologic processes, precipitation-runoff relationships, hydrograph characteristics, water yield, and interactive effects of climate, vegetation, soils, and land use for low-gradient Coastal Plain streams. C1 USDA, ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM david.bosch@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 9 AR W09473 DI 10.1029/2006WR005833 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 209FH UT WOS:000249373900003 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Waters, WR AF Palmer, M. V. Thacker, T. C. Waters, W. R. TI Vaccination of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE BCG; deer; Mycobacterium bovis; tuberculosis; vaccination ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; BCG VACCINATION; ORAL VACCINATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ENVIRONMENTAL MYCOBACTERIA; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; BRUSHTAIL POSSUMS; CROSS-REACTIVITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; NEONATAL CALVES AB Wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis represent serious obstacles to the eradication of tuberculosis in domestic livestock. In Michigan, USA tuberculous white-tailed deer transmit M. bovis to cattle. One approach in dealing with this wildlife reservoir is to vaccinate deer in order to interrupt the cycle of deer to deer and deer to cattle transmission. Thirty-one white-tailed deer were assigned to one of three groups; 2 SC doses of 107 CFU of M. bovis BCG (n = 11); 1 SC dose of 107 CFU of M. bovis BCG (n = 10); or unvaccinated deer (n = 10). After vaccination, deer were inoculated intratonsilarly with 300 CFU of virulent M. bovis. Gross lesion severity scores of the medial retropharyngeal lymph node were significantly reduced in deer receiving 2 doses of BCG compared to unvaccinated deer. Vaccinated deer had fewer lymph node granulomas than unvaccinated deer, and most notably, fewer late stage granulomas characterized by coalescent caseonecrotic granulomas containing numerous acid-fast bacilli. BCG was isolated from 7/21 vaccinated deer as long as 249 days after vaccination. In one case BCG was transmitted from a vaccinated deer to an unvaccinated deer. In white-tailed deer BCG provides measurable protection against challenge with virulent M. bovis. However, persistence of vaccine within tissues as well as shedding of BCG from vaccinates remain areas for further investigation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Mitchell.Palmer@ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 4 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 36 BP 6589 EP 6597 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.056 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 207BW UT WOS:000249227600005 PM 17688976 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of alkaline peroxide pretreated rice hulls to ethanol SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rice hulls; ethanol; Alkaline peroxide pretreatment; Enzymatic saccharification; separate hydrolysis and fermentation; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; WHEAT-STRAW; AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CORN FIBER; HYDROLYSIS; DELIGNIFICATION AB Rice hulls used in this study contained 35.62 +/- 0.12% cellulose and 11.96 +/- 0.73% hemicellulose. Alkaline H2O2 pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification methods were evaluated for Conversion of rice hull cellulose and hemicellulose to simple sugars. The yield of sugars from diluted alkaline peroxide pretreated (7.50% H2O2, v/v; pH 11.5; 35 degrees C; 24h) rice hulls (15.0%, w/v) after enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0, 72 h) by three commercial enzyme preparations (cellulase, P-glucosidase, and xylanase) using 0.12 trill of each enzyme preparation per g hulls was 428 +/- 12 mg/g (90% yield). During the pretreatment, no measurable furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural were produced. The almost complete conversion (96%) of rice hulls to sugars was achieved by saccharifying the liquid and solid fractions separately after alkaline peroxide pretreatment. The concentration of ethanol from alkaline peroxide pretreated, enzyme saccharified rice hull (39 g) hydrolyzate by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 at pH 6.5 and 35 degrees C in 24 h was 8.2 +/- 0.2 g/l with a yield of 0.49 g/g available sugars (0.21 g/g hulls). The ethanol concentration was 8.0 +/- 0.2 g/l with a yield of 0.20 g/g hulls in the case of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by the E. coli strain at pH 6.0 and 35 degrees C in 48 h. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 20 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD SEP 3 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 528 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.04.006 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 199EV UT WOS:000248679900017 ER PT J AU Mantri, NL Ford, R Coram, TE Pang, ECK AF Mantri, Nitin L. Ford, Rebecca Coram, Tristan E. Pang, Edwin C. K. TI Transcriptional profiling of chickpea genes differentially regulated in response to high-salinity, cold and drought SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CICER-ARIETINUM-L.; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT RESISTANCE; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; LOW-TEMPERATURE STRESS; CDNA MICROARRAY; DNA MICROARRAY; LINKAGE MAP; ABIOTIC STRESS; SALT TOLERANCE; ARABIDOPSIS AB Background: Cultivated chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) has a narrow genetic base making it difficult for breeders to produce new elite cultivars with durable resistance to major biotic and abiotic stresses. As an alternative to genome mapping, microarrays have recently been applied in crop species to identify and assess the function of putative genes thought to be involved in plant abiotic stress and defence responses. In the present study, a cDNA microarray approach was taken in order to determine if the transcription of genes, from a set of previously identified putative stressresponsive genes from chickpea and its close relative Lathyrus sativus, were altered in chickpea by the three abiotic stresses; drought, cold and high-salinity. For this, chickpea genotypes known to be tolerant and susceptible to each abiotic stress were challenged and gene expression in the leaf, root and/or flower tissues was studied. The transcripts that were differentially expressed among stressed and unstressed plants in response to the particular stress were analysed in the context of tolerant/susceptible genotypes. Results: The transcriptional change of more than two fold was observed for 109, 210 and 386 genes after drought, cold and high-salinity treatments, respectively. Among these, two, 15 and 30 genes were consensually differentially expressed ( DE) between tolerant and susceptible genotypes studied for drought, cold and high-salinity, respectively. The genes that were DE in tolerant and susceptible genotypes under abiotic stresses code for various functional and regulatory proteins. Significant differences in stress responses were observed within and between tolerant and susceptible genotypes highlighting the multiple gene control and complexity of abiotic stress response mechanism in chickpea. Conclusion: The annotation of these genes suggests that they may have a role in abiotic stress response and are potential candidates for tolerance/susceptibility. C1 Univ Melbourne, Fac Land & Food Resources, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RMIT Univ, Sch Appl Sci Biotechnol & Environm Biol, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ford, R (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Fac Land & Food Resources, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM nitin_mantri@rediffmail.com; rebeccaf@unimelb.edu.au; tcoram@mail.wsu.edu; eddie.pang@rmit.edu.au RI Coram, Tristan/C-1069-2008; Coram, Tristan/E-8744-2010 NR 69 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 2 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 303 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-303 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 221GB UT WOS:000250214300001 PM 17764573 ER PT J AU Carrihill-Knoll, KL Rabin, BM Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Carey, A AF Carrihill-Knoll, K. L. Rabin, B. M. Shukitt-Hale, B. Joseph, J. A. Carey, A. TI Amphetamine-induced taste aversion learning in young and old F-344 rats following exposure to Fe-56 particles SO AGE LA English DT Article DE Fe-56 particles; aging; amphetamine; conditioned taste aversion; F-344 rats ID GUSTATORY THALAMUS; LITHIUM-CHLORIDE; AGE; STRAINS; LESIONS; IRRADIATION; RADIATION; DEFICITS; COCAINE; LEWIS AB Exposure to Fe-56 particles produces changes in dopaminergic function and in dopamine-dependent behaviors, including amphetamine-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning. Because many of these changes are characteristic of the changes that accompany the aging process, the present study was designed to determine whether or not there would be an interaction between age and exposure to Fe-56 particles in the disruption of an amphetamine-induced CTA. One hundred and forty F-344 male rats 2-, 7-, 12-, and 16-months old, were radiated with Fe-56 particles (0.25-2.00 Gy, 1 GeV/n) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Three days following irradiation, the rats were tested for the effects of radiation on the acquisition of a CTA produced by injection of amphetamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.). The main effect of age was to produce a significant decrease in conditioning day sucrose intake; there was no affect of age on the acquisition of the amphetamine-induced CTA. Exposing rats to Fe-56 particles disrupted the acquisition of the CTA produced by injection of amphetamine only in the 2-month-old rats. These results do not support the hypothesis of an interaction between age and exposure to Fe-56 particles in producing a disruption of amphetamine-induced CTA learning. As such, these results suggest that the aging produced by exposure to Fe-56 particles may be endpoint specific. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rabin@umbc.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s11357-007-9032-1 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 201KK UT WOS:000248829900002 PM 19424832 ER PT J AU Brewer, G Kunz, E Torricelli, JR Neuman, A Fisher Joseph, JA AF Brewer, Greg Kunz, E. Torricelli, J. R. Neuman, A. Fisher Joseph, J. A. TI Age-related toxicity of B-AMYLOID associated with increased ROS, P-ERK and P-CREB in primary hippocampal neurons: Reversal by blueberry extract SO AGE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 201KK UT WOS:000248829900051 ER PT J AU Uscanga-Mortera, E Clay, SA Forcella, E Gunsolus, J AF Uscanga-Mortera, E. Clay, S. A. Forcella, E. Gunsolus, J. TI Common waterhemp growth and fecundity as influenced by emergence date and competing crop SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PIGWEED AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; CORN ZEA-MAYS; WEED MANAGEMENT; RUDIS INTERFERENCE; RESISTANT; HERBICIDES; PATTERNS; TRIAZINE; BIOTYPE; PALMERI AB Common waterhemp (Amarathus rudis Sauer) is a frequent weed in glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops in the midwestern USA due, in part, to the delayed emergence of its seedlings. Variable waterhemp emergence was simulated by transplanting seedlings into both corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] and bare plot areas at differing crop growth stages during two growing seasons in western Minnesota. Growth and fecundity were measured. As expected, late planted weeds produced little dry matter and few seeds, and competition from corn or soybean reduced waterhemp dry weight and fecundity by >= 90% compared with isolated plants. Interestingly, common waterhemp was affected differently by crop and transplanting date. Common waterhemp grown with corn was always shaded by the crop canopy but produced seeds even when transplanted as late as the V10 growth stage. In soybean, weeds transplanted before the V4 growth stage were taller than soybean and produced more seeds than those transplanted into corn at a comparable growth stage; however, those transplanted after V5 produced no seeds. Consequently, control of late-emerging common waterhemp plants in soybean may not be needed, whereas control of late-emerging plants in corn may be justified because of relatively high levels of seed production. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM sharon.clay@sdstate.edu NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1265 EP 1270 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0029 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 212IJ UT WOS:000249589600010 ER PT J AU Stevens, G Vories, E Mulesky, M Rhine, M Dunn, D AF Stevens, G. Vories, E. Mulesky, M. Rhine, M. Dunn, D. TI Irrigation to maximize vaccine antigen production in genetically modified tobacco SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; CHALLENGE; ANTHRAX; SOIL AB A protective antigen (PA) gene from Bacillus anthracis Cohn has been inserted into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) chloroplasts to produce an anthrax vaccine. The PA protein is the primary immunogen of human vaccines for anthrax disease. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum soil water content for producing antigen vaccine in tobacco leaves. High leaf antigen concentration is important in vaccine manufacturing. Protective antigen tobacco, transformed from 'Petite Havana SR1', was transplanted to native soil (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Argiudolls) in a greenhouse floor. Treatments consisted of soil water potential (Phi) irrigation thresholds (-20, -34, -48, and -62 kPa) based on sensors buried 10 can in soil. Since plant growth is normally stimulated when soil moisture is readily available, we hypothesized that soil moisture might dilute leaf PA content. Results showed that increasing biomass with optimum irrigation did not dilute PA in leaves. Using ELISA quantification, -34 kPa irrigation threshold averaged 529 jig PA kg(-1) leaf fresh weight for two ratoon harvests. Leaves from drier irrigation treatments did not have significantly higher PA content or biomass. Tobacco grown with more frequent irrigations using -20 kPa Phi threshold averaged less biomass and produced leaves with significantly lower antigen. In a separate experiment, gravimetric soil water use was compared between non-transgenic Petite Havana and PA plants at button growth stage. Genetic engineering tobacco for PA caused reduced leaf area in plants. Transpiration was significantly higher with nontransgenic plants, indicating that lower irrigation rates may be needed for antigen tobacco. C1 Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. Chlorogen Inc, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. RP Stevens, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM stevensw@missouri.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1277 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0188 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 212IJ UT WOS:000249589600011 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Coffman, CB Mangum, RW AF Teasdale, John R. Coffman, Charles B. Mangum, Ruth W. TI Potential long-term benefits of no-tillage and organic cropping systems for grain production and soil improvement SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS; CORN PRODUCTION; HAIRY VETCH; SOYBEAN ROTATION; COVER CROP; NITROGEN; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS; MARYLAND; MULCHES AB There have been few comparisons of the performance of no-tillage cropping systems vs. organic farming systems, particularly on erodible, droughty soils where reduced-tillage systems are recommended. In particular, there is skepticism whether organic farming can improve soils as well as conventional no-tillage systems because of the requirement for tillage associated with many organic farming operations. A 9-yr comparison of selected minimum-tillage strategies for grain production of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was conducted on a sloping, droughty site in Beltsville, MD, from 1994 to 2002. Four systems were compared: (i) a standard mid-Atlantic no-tillage system (NT) with recommended herbicide and N inputs, (ii) a cover crop-based no-tillage system (CC) including hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) before corn, and rye (Secale cereale L.) before soybean, with reduced herbicide and N inputs, (iii) a no-tillage crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) living mulch system (CV) with recommended herbicide and N inputs, and (iv) a chisel-plow based organic system (OR) with cover crops and manure for nutrients and postplanting cultivation for weed control. After 9 yr, competition with corn by weeds in OR and by the crownvetch living mulch in CV was unacceptable, particularly in dry years. On average, corn yields were 28 and 12% lower in OR and CV, respectively, than in the standard NT, whereas corn yields in CC and NT were similar. Despite the use of tillage, soil combustible C and N concentrations were higher at all depth intervals to 30 cm in OR compared with that in all other systems. A uniformity trial was conducted from 2003 to 2005 with corn grown according to the NT system on all plots. Yield of corn grown on plots with a 9-yr history of OR and CV were 18 and 19% higher, respectively, than those with a history of NT whereas there was no difference between corn yield of plots with a history of NT and CC. Three tests of N availability (corn yield loss in subplots with no N applied in 2003-2005, presidedress soil nitrate test, and corn ear leaf N) all confirmed that there was more N available to corn in OR and CV than in NT. These results suggest that OR can provide greater long-term soil benefits than conventional NT, despite the use of tillage in OR. However, these benefits may not be realized because of difficulty controlling weeds in OR. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.teasdale@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 8 U2 67 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1305 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0362 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 212IJ UT WOS:000249589600014 ER PT J AU Bauer, PJ Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB AF Bauer, Philip J. Szogi, Ariel A. Vanotti, Matias B. TI Agronomic effectiveness of calcium phosphate recovered from liquid swine manure SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; PHOSPHORUS; PRECIPITATION; PLANT AB A new manure treatment technology developed as an alternative to anaerobic lagoons on swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) farms includes solid-liquid separation and subsequent recovery of soluble P as calcium phosphate from the wastewater. The objective was to determine the agronomic effectiveness of this calcium phosphate material. A greenhouse study was conducted with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Three fertilizer materials were evaluated: the recovered P in two particle sizes (0.5-1.0 and 2.0-4.0 mm), and commercial triple superphosphate (TSP). Fertilizer rates were 0, 22, 44, 88, and 176 mg P kg(-1) soil. Three harvests of the ryegrass were made at 2-wk intervals. Total P uptake increased linearly with application rate for all three fertilizer materials. At the highest application rate, total P uptake was 37.8 mg pot(-1) for TSP, 26.2 mg pot(-1) for the recovered P with small particle size, and 9.0 mg pot(-1) for the recovered P with large particle size. Chemical analysis of the recovered P material revealed that over 99% of the P2O5 in the recovered calcium phosphate was plant available P, mostly as citrate-soluble. Mehlich-3 extractable soil P at the end of the experiment indicated that little of the large particle size of recovered P material dissolved and became available during this short 10-wk study. The recovered calcium phosphate appears to have potential as a fertilizer source. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM phil.bauer@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1352 EP 1356 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0354 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 212IJ UT WOS:000249589600020 ER PT J AU Sandquist, DR Cordell, S AF Sandquist, Darren R. Cordell, Susan TI Functional diversity of carbon-gain, water-use, and leaf-allocation traits in trees of a threatened lowland dry forest in Hawaii SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE functional diversity; Hawaiian dry forest; leaf allocation; photosynthetic gas exchange; stable isotopes; water relations ID ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; HIGH-RAINFALL; GLOBAL CHANGE; LIFE-SPAN; GROWTH; PLANTS; NUTRIENT; TROPICS; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We examined carbon-gain, water-use, and leaf-allocation traits for six tree species of a Hawaiian dry forest to better understand the functional diversity within this threatened ecosystem. Tropical dry forests are among the most endangered ecosystems on Earth, and in Hawaii, as elsewhere, declining biodiversity threatens ecosystem processes that may depend on forest functional diversity. We found broad variation among species including a two-fold difference for mean photosynthetic rate, a greater than three-fold difference for predawn water potential, and a nearly three-fold difference for leaf life span. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation of species based on carbon-gain vs. water-use related axes, and delta C-13 analysis revealed differing limitations (supply vs. demand) on carbon assimilation. The broad functional variation not only spanned traditional classifications (avoiders vs. tolerators), but also included unusual strategies (e.g., fast growth with drought tolerance). Correlations among traits, including leaf life span, leaf mass per area, and %N, followed typical global patterns, but some exceptions appeared as a result of unique life-history characteristics, such as latex-rich sap and root parasitism. Elucidating functional variation provides important information that can be used to link plant biodiversity with ecosystem processes and also facilitate the management and preservation of tropical dry forests and other threatened communities. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Sandquist, DR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM dsandquist@fulterton.edu NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 33 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1459 EP 1469 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.9.1459 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215TD UT WOS:000249831000003 PM 21636513 ER PT J AU McCabe-Sellers, BJ Bowman, S Stuff, JE Champagne, CM Simpson, PM Bogle, ML AF McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J. Bowman, Shanthy Stuff, Janice E. Champagne, Catherine M. Simpson, Pipla M. Bogle, Margaret L. TI Assessment of the diet quality of US adults in the Lower Mississippi Delta SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Lower Mississippi Delta; dietary assessment; diet quality; Healthy Eating Index; African American ID HEALTHY EATING INDEX; GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; FOOD INSECURITY; PREVALENCE; NUTRITION; ADHERENCE; WOMEN; AVAILABILITY; INDIVIDUALS AB Background: The Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) is a region at high risk of nutritionally related diseases. Assessing LMD diet quality is important in policy making, monitoring service outcomes, and designing sustainable research interventions. Objective: The purpose was to assess the diet quality of LMD adults by using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to 1) identify potential and needed interventions, 2) determine population subgroups needing special attention, and 3) compare regional intakes with national intakes. Design: Data were obtained from a representative cross-sectional telephone survey (n = 1699), Foods of our Delta Study 2000, by using the US Department of Agriculture's multiple-pass 24-h recall methodology and random-digital-assisted dialing with selection of one adult per household. The diet quality of LMD adults was compared with that of white and African American adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2000. Results: Age, race, and income of LMD adults affected overall diet quality. African Americans had lower grain, vegetable, milk, and variety scores than did whites. The consumption of grains and vegetables was associated with lower odds ratios for being overweight. The LMD adults had a lower HEI score than did the adults in NHANES 1999-2000 (60.1 compared with 63.4), and more LMD adults ate a poor diet (24.8% compared with 18.3%). Conclusion: Low-income and young-adult households in the LMD are in need of nutrition interventions with an emphasis on increasing grain, fruit, and vegetable intakes. Because socioeconomic factors affect diet quality, a multimodal, longitudinal approach appears needed to improve nutritional health. C1 USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP McCabe-Sellers, BJ (reprint author), 900 S Shackleford Rd,Suite 509, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM bmccabe-sellers@spa.ars.usda.dov NR 60 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 3 BP 697 EP 706 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 210WC UT WOS:000249485300024 PM 17823435 ER PT J AU Miller, J Aiello, A Haan, M Green, R Allen, L AF Miller, Josh Aiello, Allison Haan, Mary Green, Ralph Allen, Lindsay TI Helicobacter pylori may be involved in cognitive impairment and dementia development through induction of atrophic gastritis, vitamin B-12-folate deficiency, and hyperhomocysteinemia sequence - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miller, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mnhaan@umich.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 3 BP 806 EP 807 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 210WC UT WOS:000249485300039 ER PT J AU Madero, M Sarnak, MJ Wang, X Sceppa, CC Greene, T Beck, GJ Kusek, JW Collins, AJ Levey, AS Menon, A AF Madero, Magdalena Sarnak, Mark J. Wang, Xuelei Sceppa, Carmen Castaneda Greene, Tom Beck, Gerald J. Kusek, John W. Collins, Allan J. Levey, Andrew S. Menon, Vandana TI Body mass index and mortality in CKD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE kidney disease; outcomes; cardiovascular mortality AB Background: Greater body mass index (BMI) is associated with worse survival in the general population, but appears to confer a survival advantage in patients with kidney failure treated by hemodiaiysis. Data are limited on the relationship of BMI with mortality in patients in the earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study Design: Cohort study. Setting & Participants: The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study examined the effects of dietary protein restriction and blood pressure control on progression of kidney disease. This analysis includes 1,759 subjects. Predictor: BMI. Outcomes & Measurements: Cox models were used to evaluate the relationship of quartiles of BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Results: Mean GFR and BMI were 39 +/- 21 (SD) mL/min/1.73 m(2) and 27.1 +/- 4.7 kg/m(2), respectively. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, there were 453 deaths (26%), including 272 deaths (16%) from CVD. In unadjusted Cox models, quartiles 3 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.90) and 4 (HR, 1.58; 95% Cl, 1.21 to 2.06) were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with quartile 1. Adjustment for demographic, CVD, and kidney disease risk factors and randomization status attenuated this relationship for quartiles 3 (HR, 0.81; 95% Cl, 0.60 to 1.09) and 4 (HR, 0.83; 95% Cl, 0.61 to 1.20). In unadjusted Cox models, quartiles 3 (HR, 1.66; 95% Cl, 1.17 to 2.36) and 4 (HR, 1.63; 95% Cl, 1.15 to 2.33) were associated with increased risk of CVD mortality. Multivariable adjustment attenuated this relationship for quartiles 3 (HR, 0.92; 95% Cl, 0.63 to 1.36) and 4 (HR, 0.85; 95% Cl, 0.57 to 1.27). Limitations: Primary analyses were based on single measurement of BMI. Because the MDRD Study cohort included relatively young white subjects with predominantly nondiabetic CKD, results may not be generalizable to all patients with CKD. Conclusions: In this cohort of subjects with predominantly nondiabetic CKD, BMI does not appear to be an independent predictor of all-cause or CKD mortality. C1 Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Utah, Div Clin Epidemiol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Menon, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, 750 Washington St,NEMC 391, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM vmenon@tufts-nemc.org FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK02904, K23 DK067303, UO1 DK 35073] NR 0 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.06.004 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 206YR UT WOS:000249219300011 PM 17720519 ER PT J AU Chandler, MP Morgan, EE McElfresh, TA Kung, TA Rennison, JH Hoit, BD Young, ME AF Chandler, Margaret P. Morgan, Eric E. McElfresh, Tracy A. Kung, Theodore A. Rennison, Julie H. Hoit, Brian D. Young, Martin E. TI Heart failure progression is accelerated following myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic rats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contractile function; left ventricular remodeling; gene expression ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION; GOTO-KAKIZAKI RATS; LIPOTOXIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; CONTRACTILE FUNCTION; CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ISCHEMIC-INJURY; DB/DB MICE; GK RAT AB Clinical studies have shown a greater incidence of myocardial infarction in diabetic patients, and following an infarction, diabetes is associated with an increased risk for the development of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure. The goal of this study was to determine if the progression of heart failure following myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic ( T2D) rats is accelerated compared with nondiabetic rats. Male nondiabetic Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats underwent coronary artery ligation or sham surgery to induce heart failure. Postligation ( 8 and 20 wk), two-dimensional echocardiography and LV pressure measurements were made. Heart failure progression, as assessed by enhanced LV remodeling and contractile dysfunction, was accelerated 8 wk postligation in the T2D animals. LV remodeling was evident from increased end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and areas in the GK compared with the WKY infarcted group. Furthermore, enhanced LV contractile dysfunction was evident from a greater deterioration in fractional shortening and enhanced myocardial performance index ( an index of global LV dysfunction) in the GK infarcted group. This accelerated progression was accompanied by greater increases in atrial natriuretic factor and skeletal alpha-actin ( gene markers of heart failure and hypertrophy) mRNA levels in GK infarcted hearts. Despite similar decreases in metabolic gene expression (i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-regulated genes associated with fatty acid oxidation) between infarcted WKY and GK rat hearts, myocardial triglyceride levels were elevated in the GK hearts only. These results, demonstrating enhanced remodeling and LV dysfunction 8 wk postligation provide evidence of an accelerated progression of heart failure in T2D rats. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Chandler, MP (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mpc10@case.edu NR 57 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 293 IS 3 BP H1609 EP H1616 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.01338.2006 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 207FU UT WOS:000249237800038 PM 17545473 ER PT J AU Cadena-Hinojosa, MA Diaz-Valasis, M Guzman-Plazola, RA Fernandez-Pavia, S Grunwald, NJ AF Cadena-Hinojosa, Mateo Armando Diaz-Valasis, Margarita Guzman-Plazola, Remigio A. Fernandez-Pavia, Sylvia Grunwald, Niklaus J. TI Late blight resistance of five Mexican potato cultivars in the eastern Sierra of the state of Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tubarosum; durable resistance; horizontal resistance; polygenic resistance; race non-specific resistance; vertical resistance; R-genes; race-specific; resistance ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS POPULATIONS; FIELD-RESISTANCE; INTRARACIAL VARIATION; POLYGENIC RESISTANCE; GENERAL RESISTANCE; HOST-RESISTANCE; FUNGICIDE; INTEGRATION; DISEASES AB cultivated potato areas as well as potential regions for commercial production and seed production. Prevailing weather conditions during the summer in these regions are also favorable for potato late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans (Mont) De Bary). The objectives of this work were to evaluate five resistant cultivars versus a susceptible control ('Alpha') in the eastern sierra of the State of Mexico in order to assess resistance against the disease. Environmental conditions for potato late blight were favorable all five years of the study, and at the end of each growing cycle, Alpha had 100% of late blight severity. Cultivars Montserrat, Michoacan, Nortena and Sangema (Rosita) showed acceptable disease resistance. Disease severity on the resistant varieties varied from 2% to 20%. There was a delay of two to eight weeks in the appearance of the first symptoms in relation to Alpha cultivar. These delays were four to five times greater than the ones observed at the Toluca Valley in previous experiments. Yield varied from 94 to 1,475 g per plant and was related to resistance to late blight. This work corroborates potato late blight resistance observed by INIFAP and CEEM scientists at the Toluca Valley. The expression of resistance is considered to be of great help in controlling the disease with a lower number of fungicide applications and better profit. In addition, using these varieties and therefore reducing the number of fungicide sprays also reduces direct damage to people and the environment. C1 [Cadena-Hinojosa, Mateo Armando; Diaz-Valasis, Margarita] INIFAP CIRCE, Texcoco 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Guzman-Plazola, Remigio A.] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Fernandez-Pavia, Sylvia] Univ Michoacana, Inst Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Cadena-Hinojosa, MA (reprint author), INIFAP CIRCE, Campo Expt Valle Mexico,Km 18-5 Carretera Reyes L, Texcoco 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. EM machgg2@yahoo.com.mx RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 385 EP 392 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 242YC UT WOS:000251761100003 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Holden, J Andrews, K Roseland, J Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Perry, CR Harnly, J Wolf, WR Picciano, MF Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Betz, JM Coates, PM Milner, JA Whitted, J Burt, V Radimer, K Wilger, J Sharpless, KE Hardy, CJ AF Dwyer, Johanna T. Holden, Joanne Andrews, Karen Roseland, Janet Zhao, Cuiwei Schweitzer, Amy Perry, Charles R. Harnly, James Wolf, Wayne R. Picciano, Mary Frances Fisher, Kenneth D. Saldanha, Leila G. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Betz, Joseph M. Coates, Paul M. Milner, John A. Whitted, Jackie Burt, Vicki Radimer, Kathy Wilger, Jaime Sharpless, Katherine E. Hardy, Constance J. TI Measuring vitamins and minerals in dietary supplements for nutrition studies in the USA SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dietary supplements; dietary supplement ingredient database; multivitamin mineral supplements; analytical values ID MULTIVITAMIN-MULTIMINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; ACCURACY; HEALTH AB This article illustrates the importance of having analytical data on the vitamin and mineral contents of dietary supplements in nutrition studies, and describes efforts to develop an analytically validated dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID) by a consortium of federal agencies in the USA. Preliminary studies of multivitamin mineral supplements marketed in the USA that were analyzed as candidates for the DSID are summarized. Challenges are summarized, possible future directions are outlined, and some related programs at the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health are described. The DSID should be helpful to researchers in assessing relationships between intakes of vitamins and minerals and health outcomes. C1 US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHS, Natl Canc Inst, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Div Res & Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US Dept HHS, US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dwyerj1@od.nih.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1456-z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300007 PM 17641882 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM Bhagwat, S Lin, LZ AF Harnly, James M. Bhagwat, Seema Lin, Long-Ze TI Profiling methods for the determination of phenolic compounds in foods and dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE chromatographic profiling; phenolic compounds; flavonoids ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES; SCREENING METHOD; ARRAY DETECTION; HPLC ANALYSIS; DIODE-ARRAY; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION; OPTIMIZATION AB Profiling methods are needed that separate and detect all the phenolic compounds in a single extract of a food material. These methods must be comprehensive, rapid, and rich in spectral information. Fourteen methods that meet, or have the potential to meet, these criteria have been selected from the recent literature for review. In general, the methods employ a single aqueous methanol extraction, separation on a reversed-phase C column, and detection by UV/vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The variations in extraction, separation, and detection are discussed. An increasingly important aspect of these methods is the archiving of data to permit cross-comparison of samples and standards and retrospective analysis. This review shows that the necessary technology is available to achieve the desired analytical goals. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrent Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.harnly@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 49 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1424-7 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300008 PM 17653536 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Wolf, WR Patterson, KY Sharpless, KE Holden, JM AF Phillips, Katherine M. Wolf, Wayne R. Patterson, Kristine Y. Sharpless, Katherine E. Holden, Joanne M. TI Reference materials to evaluate measurement systems for the nutrient composition of foods: results from USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE reference materials; uncertainty; accuracy; food composition data ID CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS; VALUE ASSIGNMENT; ASCORBIC-ACID; CERTIFICATION; CAROTENOIDS; HPLC AB Over a 6.5-year period a total of 2554 values were reported by nine laboratories for 259 certified or reference nutrient concentrations in 26 certified reference materials (CRM) submitted to contract laboratories, blinded, as part of the qualifying process for analytical contracts and in the routine sample stream as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program. Each value was converted to a Z'-score, reflecting the difference from the assigned value related to the combined expected analytical uncertainty plus the uncertainty in the CRM value. Z'-scores >|3.0| were considered unacceptable. For some nutrients (Na, folate, dietary fiber, pantothenic acid, thiamin, tocopherols, carotenoids, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), > 20% of Z'-scores were >|3.0|. For total fat, vitamin C, and niacin > 25% of Z'-scores were >|2.0|. Components for which CRM data were best (more than 90% of Z'-scores <|2.0|) were Mg, P, Mn, Se, and vitamin B12. In some cases deviations from assigned values were not uniform across laboratories and materials. For Na almost all high Z'-scores were for low-Na matrices, suggesting analytical problems related to concentration. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538; Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [Y1-HV-8116-11, Y1-HV-8116] NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1366-0 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300022 PM 17583804 ER PT J AU Andrews, KW Schweitzer, A Zhao, C Holden, JM Roseland, JM Brandt, M Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Saldanha, LG Fisher, KD Yetley, E Betz, JM Douglass, L AF Andrews, Karen W. Schweitzer, Amy Zhao, Cuiwei Holden, Joanne M. Roseland, Janet M. Brandt, Mary Dwyer, Johanna T. Picciano, Mary Frances Saldanha, Leila G. Fisher, Kenneth D. Yetley, Elizabeth Betz, Joseph M. Douglass, Larry TI The caffeine contents of dietary supplements commonly purchased in the US: analysis of 53 products with caffeine-containing ingredients SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE caffeine; HPLC; UV; VIS; Dietary supplement; reference material ID CAMELLIA-SINENSIS; PURINE ALKALOIDS; HPLC; TEA; THEOBROMINE; CATECHINS; SAMPLES; COLUMN; SYSTEM AB As part of a study initiating the development of an analytically validated Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) in the United States (US), a selection of dietary supplement products were analyzed for their caffeine content. Products sold as tablets, caplets, or capsules and listing at least one caffeine-containing ingredient (including botanicals such as guarana, yerba mate, kola nut, and green tea extract) on the label were selected for analysis based on market share information. Two or three lots of each product were purchased and analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each analytical run included one or two National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) and two products in duplicate. Caffeine intake per serving and per day was calculated using the maximum recommendations on each product label. Laboratory analysis for 53 products showed product means ranging from 1 to 829 mg caffeine/day. For products with a label amount for comparison (n=28), 89% (n=25) of the products had analytically based caffeine levels/day of between -16% and +16% of the claimed levels. Lot-to-lot variability (n=2 or 3) for caffeine in most products (72%) was less than 10%. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Andrews, KW (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM karen.andrews@ars.usda.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1437-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300023 PM 17676317 ER PT J AU Chen, P Ozcan, M Harnly, J AF Chen, Pei Ozcan, Mustafa Harnly, James TI Chromatographic fingerprint analysis for evaluation of Ginkgo biloba products SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ginkgo biloba; HPLC; UV; Dietary supplement; fingerprint ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TERPENE TRILACTONES; HERBAL MEDICINES; QUALITY-CONTROL; EXTRACTS; OPTIMIZATION; FLAVONOIDS; LACTONES AB The flavonoids and the terpene lactones are regarded as the two main active components of Ginkgo biloba that affect human health. In the work discussed in this paper, two analytical methods for the characterization of G. biloba authentic materials and commercial products, an LC-UV chromatographic fingerprinting method and a traditional flavonol quantification method, were compared. The traditional method was used to determine the total flavonol content (as glycosides) after acid hydrolysis. The fingerprinting method examined the chromatographic profiles of methanol-water extracts using chemometric methods. The traditional method showed that all the commercial products met the current voluntary standard of 24% flavonols by weight. The chromatographic fingerprinting method revealed significant variations in the commercial products with regard to the relative concentration of individual flavonols. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Food Composit Lab, Bldg 161,R-105,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 31 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1386-9 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300025 PM 17632706 ER PT J AU Chen, P Ozcan, M Wolf, WR AF Chen, Pei Ozcan, Mustafa Wolf, Wayne R. TI Contents of selected B vitamins in NIST SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets by liquid chromatography isotope dilution mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vitamin B; thiamine; nicotinamide; pantothenic acid; pyridoxine; isotope dilution mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography ID NUTRIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; NATIONAL FOOD AB There is increased interest in accurately assessing the total dietary intake of vitamins from all sources, including foods and dietary supplements. Consequently, a Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), based upon analytical values, is being established by USDA with support of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), NIH. The DSID necessitated the development of a new SRM, 3280 - Multivitamin/Multimineral Tablets, by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with support from the ODS. As a continuation of a long-term project to develop and validate new methods of determining water-soluble B vitamins in foods and dietary supplements, and as part of a collaborative effort with NIST to characterize SRM 3280, values for the vitamin contents of SRM 3280 have been generated by a liquid chromatographic isotope dilution mass spectrometric (LC/IDMS) method. Isotope-labeled (C-13 and/or H-2) B vitamins (B1-thiamine, B6-pyridoxine, B3-nicotinamide, and B5-pantothenic acid) were obtained from commercial sources, with the support of the ODS/NIH. Our LC/IDMS method uses a C18 reversed phase column, an Agilent 1100 HPLC system, and a Quattro Micro triple-quad mass spectrometer (MS). B vitamin determination was achieved using a gradient LC profile combined with MS/MS detection in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Stock solutions of the isotope-labeled vitamins were calibrated against USP standard solutions. The SRM tablets, with added amounts of the four isotope-labeled B vitamins, were extracted and the vitamins simultaneously determined in a single LC run, in contrast with the single-component determinations performed via IDMS. Unknown vitamin concentrations were calculated by comparing the ratios of the integrated LC peaks at the different masses of the unlabeled and labeled vitamins. C1 USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov; wayne.wolf@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1430-9 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300032 PM 17646973 ER PT J AU de Leon, JH Morgan, DJW AF de Leon, Jesse H. Morgan, David J. W. TI Evaluation of molecular markers for discriminating Gonatocerus Morrilli (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae): A biological control agent for honwlodisca vitripennis SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Gonatocerus walkerjonesi; biological control; glassy-winged sharpshooter; diagnostic markers; natural enemies ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; EGG PARASITOIDS; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; PIERCES-DISEASE; NORTH-AMERICA AB We tested the utility of molecular markers for distinguishing between two closely related species, Gonatocerus morrilli (Howard) and Gonatocerus walkerjonesi S. Triapitsyn (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), to evaluate whether postrelease G. morrilli specimens could be discriminated in the field. Initially, postrelease specimens from California collected in 2002 and 2003 were analyzed. Amplification size of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 2 demonstrated that all of the specimens were of the G. walkerjonesi ITS2 genotype. Inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction DNA fingerprinting of specimens from the original G. morrilli"release" colony demonstrated that the DNA banding pattern was superimposable to that of G. walkerjonesi, confirming that the G. morrilli colony was contaminated. A new G. morrilli colony was initiated in spring 2005, and we continued to survey random postrelease specimens front the 2004-2006 collections. As expected, from 2004 and most of 2005, only the G. waikojonesi ITS2 genotype was detected. In fall 2005 and in the spring and fall 2006, we detected the G. morrilli ITS2 genotype at sites where the new colony was previously released. Analyses with two newly developed "one-step" species-specific ITS2 diagnostic markers were in accordance with the results of the markers described above, demonstrating the usefulness of the former studies of natural enemy establishment in biological control programs. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Mt Rubidoux Field Stn, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP de Leon, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jhleon@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 749 EP 757 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[749:EOMMFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 207LO UT WOS:000249252800017 ER PT J AU Meer, RKV Morel, L AF Meer, R. K. Vander Morel, L. TI Oviposition process of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) queens SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; oviposition; sting apparatus; monogyny; polygyny ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; COLONIES; POLYGYNY AB The oviposition process of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is described as a succession of four events forming one egg-laying cycle. Each time an egg is laid, the vulva opens and the sting is fully extended. When the vulva closes, the egg is forced to the base of the sting, whereupon the sting is usually retracted across the egg. This phenomenon has been consistently observed for queens from monogynous and polygynous S. invicta colonies. Zero to four eggs can be laid for each opening of the vulva. Multiple egg deposition is more frequent for monogyne queens, and it generally follows an oviposition cycle in which no egg is laid. The egg-laying cycles were evenly distributed during the observation periods, regardless of the total number of eggs laid, thereby suggesting that oviposition is a continuous process in S. invicta. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Meer, RKV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM bobvm@ufl.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 758 EP 762 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[758:OPOSIH]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 207LO UT WOS:000249252800018 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, OV Mavrodi, DV ThomashoW, LS Weller, DM AF Mavrodi, Olga V. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. ThomashoW, Linda S. Weller, David M. TI Quantification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens strains in the plant rhizosphere by real-time PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; BIOCONTROL AGENT; ROOT-ROT; SOIL AB A real-time PCR SYBR green assay was developed to quantify populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) -producing (phlD(+)) strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens in soil and the rhizosphere. Primers were designed and PCR conditions were optimized to specifically amplify the phlD gene from four different genotypes of phlD(+) P. fluorescens. Using purified genomic DNA and genomic DNA extracted from washes of wheat roots spiked with bacteria, standard curves relating the threshold cycles (C(T)s) and copies of the phlD gene were generated for P. fluorescens strains belonging to genotypes A (Pf-5), B (Q2-87), D (Q8rl-96 and FTAD1 R34), and I (FTAD1R36). The detection limits of the optimized real-time PCR assay were 60 to 600 fg (8 to 80 CFU) for genomic DNA isolated from pure cultures of P. fluorescens and 600 fg to 6.0 pg (80 to 800 CFU, corresponding to log 4 to 5phlD(+) strain CFU/rhizosphere) for bacterial DNA extracted from plant root washes. The real-time PCR assay was utilized to quantify phlD(+) pseudomonads in the wheat rhizosphere. Regression analysis of population densities detected by real-time PCR and by a previously described phID-specific PCR-based dilution endpoint assay indicated a significant linear relationship (P = 0.0016, r(2) = 0.2). Validation of real-time PCR assays with environmental samples was performed with two different soils and demonstrated the detection of more than one genotype in Quincy take-all decline soil. The greatest advantage of the developed real-time PCR is culture independence, which allows determination of population densities and the genotype composition of 2,4-DAPG producers directly from the plant rhizospheres and soil. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@mail.wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 73 IS 17 BP 5531 EP 5538 DI 10.1128/AEM.00925-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 207JF UT WOS:000249246700018 PM 17630311 ER PT J AU Karim, K Klasson, KT Drescher, SR Ridenour, W Borole, AP Al-Dahhan, MH AF Karim, Khursheed Klasson, K. Thomas Drescher, Sadie R. Ridenour, Whitney Borole, Abhijeet P. Al-Dahhan, Muthanna H. TI Mesophilic digestion kinetics of manure slurry SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; digestion; kinetics; manure; mesophilic; mathematical model; methane production ID ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; ANIMAL WASTE; METHANE; MODEL; POPULATION AB Anaerobic digestion kinetics study of cow manure was performed at 35 C in bench-scale gas-lift digesters (3.78 l working volume) at eight different volatile solids ( VS) loading rates in the range of 1.11 - 5.87 g l(-1) day(-1). The digesters produced methane at the rates of 0.44 - 1.181 l(-1) day(-1), and the methane content of the biogas was found to increase with longer hydraulic retention time (HRT). Based on the experimental observations, the ultimate methane yield and the specific methane productivity were estimated to be 0.42 l CH4 (g VS loaded)(-1) and 0.45 l CH4 (g VS consumed)(-1), respectively. Total and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) consumptions were calculated to be 59 - 17% and 78 - 43% at 24.4 - 4.6 days HRTs, respectively. Maximum concentration of volatile fatty acids in the effluent was observed as 0.7 g l(-1) at 4.6 days HRT, while it was below detection limit at HRTs longer than 11 days. The observed methane production rate did not compare well with the predictions of Chen and Hashimoto's [1] and Hill's [2] models using their recommended kinetic parameters. However, under the studied experimental conditions, the predictions of Chen and Hashimoto's [1] model compared better to the observed data than that of Hill's [2] model. The nonlinear regression analysis of the experimental data was performed using a derived methane production rate model, for a completely mixed anaerobic digester, involving Contois kinetics [3] with endogenous decay. The best fit values for the maximum specific growth rate (mu m) and dimensionless kinetic parameter (K) were estimated as 0.43 day(-1) and 0.89, respectively. The experimental data were found to be within 95% confidence interval of the prediction of the derived methane production rate model with the sum of residual squared error as 0.02. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Environm & Chem Engn, Chem React Engn Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, ORAU, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Karim, K (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Environm & Chem Engn, Chem React Engn Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM kkarim@uark.edu RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081; Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 20 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 142 IS 3 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-0025-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 219FM UT WOS:000250070100002 PM 18025584 ER PT J AU Le, S AF Le, S. TI Performance of a pin cylinder lint cleaner SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE lint cleaner; neps; pin cylinder; saw cylinder; short fiber content AB Saw-type lint cleaners are efficient cleaners, but their aggressive nature also causes fiber damage and wastage. As the U. S. cotton market shifts to overseas where customers are interested in longer fiber with fewer neps and fiber damage, there was a renewed interest to re-evaluate the performance of a pin cylinder lint cleaner. A pin cylinder, because of its round pins, was expected to cause less damage to the fiber and create fewer neps in the process. A total of 48 runs with 3 replicates were conducted for the experiment. The four bi-level treatment factors evaluated in the experiment were: cleaner treatment (pin or sawn cylinder), cylinder speed, combing ratio, and cotton variety. Results from this study show that High Volume Instruments (W) properties produced by the pin and saw cylinder cleaners were not significantly different across the board except in percent trash area. Compared to the saw cylinder lint cleaner, the pin cylinder lint cleaner produced 3 kg/bale less in turnout, generated 1.8 kg/bale (STV4892) more in cleaner waste, and cleaned at 11.1 percentage points higher in efficiency. The smooth body of the pins on the cylinder did not significantly decrease neps and short fiber content. In fact, bales produced by the pin-cylinder cleaner contained 44 more neps/g and 1.5 kg/bale more in short fiber. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Rers Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Le, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Rers Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sleengr@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 226DB UT WOS:000250566300003 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Theurer, FD Kolian, S AF Yuan, Y. Bingner, R. L. Theurer, F. D. Kolian, S. TI Water quality simulation of rice/crawfish field ponds within annualized AGNPS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS; total maximum daily loads; ricelcrawfish farming; water quality; simulation ID MODEL AB Rice and crawfish are important agricultural commodities in Louisiana and they are often managed as integrated cropping systems. The effluent from rice/crawfish ponds is an environmental concern because of potentially high sediment and nutrient concentrations. However, current available models used for TMDL development such as BASIN, SWAT, and AnnAGNPS do not have the capability of simulating rice/crawfish farming and their impact on water quality. The objective of this study was to develop a rice/crawfish module which can be integrated into the Annualized Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) model to simulate rice/crawfish farming and its impact on water quality. Both hydrologic and pollutant mass balances are maintained for the crawfish ponds in AnnAGNPS. Inflows, outflows, precipitation, infiltration (or seepage), and evaporation (or evapotranspiration) are considered for hydrologic mass balance. Water release from the pond is added to the receiving reach of the AnnAGNPS cell in which the rice/crawlish pond is located. Pollutant mass balances are maintained based on the inflows and outflows to the crawfish pond and water quality characteristics of the flows. The dynamics of complicated nutrient reactions in the pond are not considered at this development stage. Water quality constituents considered in the model are suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved nitrogen, and dissolved phosphorus. Based on a detailed review of rice/crawfish management practices and their impact on water quality, a water quality database of rice/crawlish ponds has been built into AnnAGNPS and a user interface was designed to quantify the rice/crawfish farming processes. This water quality database provides an estimate of water quality in the crawfish pond effluent during simulations, and a more accurate quantification of effluent water quality can be achieved through analysis of water samples of the water released from the pond. Model testing of "proof of concept" showed that the model performed appropriately and provided logical results. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Louisiana Dept Environm Qual, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM yyuan@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 585 EP 595 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 226DB UT WOS:000250566300004 ER PT J AU Pearson, T Brabec, DL AF Pearson, T. Brabec, D. L. TI Detection of wheat kernels with hidden insect infestations with an electrically conductive roller mill SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE rice weevil; lesser grain borer; grain testing ID X-RAY; COLEOPTERA AB A laboratory roller mill system was modified to measure and analyze the electrical conductance of wheat as it was crushed. The electrical conductance of normal wheat kernels is normally low and fairly constant. In contrast, the electrical conductance of wheat kernels infested with live insects is substantially higher, depending on the size of the larvae and the resulting contact of the crushed larvae between the rolls. This instrument was designed to detect internal insect infestations in wheat that has a moisture content of 13.5% or less. The laboratory mill can test a kilogram (kg) of wheat in less than 2 min and 100 g in less than 10 s. Hard red winter and soft red winter wheat containing larvae of rice weevils and lesser grain borers of a variety of sizes were tested. On average, the instrument detected 8.3 out of 10 infested kernels per 100 g of wheat containing the larger sized insects (fourth instar or pupae). Kernels infested with medium-sized larvae (second or third instar) were detected at an average rate of 7.4 out of 1.0 infested kernels per 100 g of wheat. Finally, kernels infested with the small-sized larvae (first or second instar) were detected at a rate of 5.9 out of 10 infested kernels per 100 g of wheat. Under reasonable grain moisture contents there were no false positive errors, or noninfested kernels classified as insect infested. The cost of the mill is low and can lead to rapid and automated detection of infested wheat. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM thomas.pearson@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 226DB UT WOS:000250566300010 ER PT J AU Lagunas-Solar, MC Pan, Z Zeng, NX Truong, TD Khir, R Amaratunga, KSP AF Lagunas-Solar, M. C. Pan, Z. Zeng, N. X. Truong, T. D. Khir, R. Amaratunga, K. S. P. TI Application of radio frequency power for non-chemical disinfestation of rough rice with full retention of quality attributes SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE non-chemical disinfestation; radiofrequency power; rough rice; milling quality ID IN-SHELL WALNUTS; INSECT CONTROL; ENERGY; RADIOFREQUENCY; GRAIN; DISINFECTION; RADIATION; MORTALITY; WATER AB The presence of insect pests in stored grains constitutes an undesirable condition leading to product losses, lesser quality, and reduced market value. Currently, to protect grains, the rice industry relies on insecticides and fumigants but many of these products are facing elimination (deregistration) due to health and environmental concerns. An alternative non-chemical disinfestation process is therefore needed. Radiofiequency (RF) power was selected as it can be applied to induce well-controlled, lethal thermal energy levels, rapidly, efficiently, and throughout the whole mass of grains with minimal physical and chemical changes. Natural and laboratory infested dried storage rough rice containing all life cycles of lesser grain borers (Rhyzopertha dominica) and Angoumois grain moths (Sitotroga cerealella) were used to evaluate the efficacy of RF power treatment. This study developed relationships between temperature and disinfestation effects that were used to optimize the process's disinfestation efficiency while operating at power and thermal load levels well tolerated by the commodity. Low-thermal load RF processing at 55 V to 60 V bulk rice temperatures for short times (5 min) resulted in > 99% control of all biological stages of Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth). When higher thermal loads were applied using 50 degrees C for Sitotroga cere,alella with a 2-h tempering or 60 V for Rhyzopertha dominica with 1-h tempering, the treatment provided 100% control as indicated by the absence of emerging adults over a 120-d observation period. Under these processing conditions, no moisture losses or changes in milling quality were observed. An analysis of the potential of RF power for commercial disinfestation' of grains is also included. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lagunas-Solar, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, 1 Shield Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mlagunassolar@ucdavis.edu NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 647 EP 654 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 226DB UT WOS:000250566300011 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA AF Eigenberg, R. A. Brown-Brandl, T. M. Nienaber, J. A. TI Development of a livestock weather safety monitor for eedlot cattle SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE feedlot; heat; weather; threshold; temperature; humidity ID DYNAMIC-RESPONSE INDICATORS; SHADED FEEDLOT CATTLE; HEAT-STRESS; RESPIRATION RATE; PERFORMANCE AB Summer heat can result in stressful conditions for Bos taurus feeder cattle, and in extreme instances these conditions can be fatal. The feedlot operator has management options available to him if he is aware of current and impending heat-stress events. Many livestock production facilities exist in environments that may differ significantly from the conditions at the closest weather station. There is a need to provide producers with heat stress information from an on-site real-time weather monitoring system. A monitoring device, referred to as a Livestock Safety Monitor (LSM), was designed around a commercial weather station (Vantage PRO by Davis Instruments, Hayward, Calif.) that was coupled to a microcomputer (TFX-11, by Onset Computer, Pocasset, Mass.). The weather station collects current weather data including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. The weather information is transferred to the micro-computer where the weather data is used to generate a physiologically-based stress factor. The estimated values alert the operator of current conditions that include: (1) normal, (2) alert, (3) danger, and (4) emergency categories. This article will summarize development and operating experience using the LSM. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM eigenberg@email.marc.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 657 EP 660 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 226DB UT WOS:000250566300012 ER PT J AU Davidson, J Frankel, AS Ellison, WT Surnmerfelt, S Popper, AN Mazik, P Bebak, J AF Davidson, John Frankel, Adam S. Ellison, William T. Surnmerfelt, Steven Popper, Arthur N. Mazik, Patricia Bebak, Julie TI Minimizing noise in fiberglass aquaculture tanks: Noise reduction potential of various retrofits SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE noise reduction; noise; sound; aquaculture; fish hearing ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; HEARING-LOSS; FISHES AB Equipment used in intensive aquaculture systems, such as pumps and blowers can produce underwater sound levels and frequencies within the range of fish hearing. The impacts of underwater noise on fish are not well known, but limited research suggests that subjecting fish to noise could result in impairment of the auditory system, reduced growth rates, and increased stress. Consequently, reducing sound in fish tanks could result in advantages for cultured species and increased productivity for the aquaculture industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the noise reduction potential of various retrofits to fiberglass fish culture tanks. The following structural changes were applied to tanks to reduce underwater noise: (1) inlet piping was suspended to avoid contact with the tank, (2) effluent piping was disconnected from a common drain line, (3) effluent piping was insulated beneath tanks, and (4) tanks were elevated on cement blocks and seated on insulated padding. Four combinations of the aforementioned structural changes were evaluated in duplicate and two tanks were left unchanged as controls. Control tanks had sound levels of 120.6 dB re 1 mu Pa. Each retrofit contributed to a reduction of underwater sound. As structural changes were combined, a cumulative reduction in sound level was observed. Tanks designed with a combination of retrofits had sound levels of 108.6 dB re 1 mu Pa, a four-fold reduction in sound pressure level. Sound frequency spectra indicated that the greatest sound reductions occurred between 2 and 100 Hz and demonstrated that nearby pumps and blowers created tonal frequencies that were transmitted into the tanks. The tank modifications used during this study were simple and inexpensive and could be applied to existing systems or considered when designing aquaculture facilities. (c) 2007 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Conservart Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. Marine Acoust Inc, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Comparat & Evolut Biol Hearing, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Woldlife Res Unit, USGS, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA ARS, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Davidson, J (reprint author), Conservart Funds Freshwater Inst, 1098 Turner Rd, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM j.davidson@freshwaterinstitute.org NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.03.003 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 199HL UT WOS:000248686700006 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Braker, JD AF Jordan, Douglas B. Braker, Jay D. TI Inhibition of the two-subsite beta-D-xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium by sugars: Competitive, noncompetitive, double binding, and slow binding modes SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE glycoside hydrolase; GH43; alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase; hysteresis; hemicellulose; saccharification; structure-function ID FERMENTATION; HYDROLYSIS; SUBSTRATE AB The active site of the GH43 beta-xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium comprises two subsites and a single access route for ligands. Steady-state kinetic experiments that included enzyme (E), inhibitory sugars (I and X) and substrate (S) establish examples of El, Ell, EIX, and EIS complexes. Protonation states of catalytic base (D14, pK, 5) and catalytic acid (E186, pK,, 7) govern formation of inhibitor complexes and strength of binding constants: e.g., Ell, EIX, and EIS occur only with the D14(-)E186 H enzyme and D-xylose binds to D14(-)E186(-) better than to D14(-)E186(H). Binding of two equivalents of L-arabinose to the D14-E186 H enzyme is differentiated by the magnitude of equilibrium K; values (first binds tighter) and kinetically (first binds rapidly; second binds slowly). In applications, such as saccharification of herbaceous biomass for subsequent fermentation to biofuels, the highly efficient hydrolase can confront molar concentrations of sugars that diminish catalytic effectiveness by forming certain enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 465 IS 1 BP 231 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2007.05.016 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 206IF UT WOS:000249176400027 PM 17588525 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL AF Robertson, N. L. TI Identification and characterization of a new virus in the genus Potyvirus from wild populations of Angelica lucida L. and A-genuflexa Nutt., family Apiaceae SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; PLANTS AB A novel potyvirus was discovered in Angelica lucida L. (wild celery) and A. genuflexa Nutt. (kneeling Angelica) (family Apiaceae) in the Matanuska- Susitna Valley, Alaska. The experimental plant host range of the virus included species in three families: Chenopodiaceae (Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste et Reyn and Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Solanaceae (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin, and N. clevlandii Gray.), and Apiaceae (Anethum graveolens L., Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Miller)), Daucus carota L. subspecies sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang., and Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A. W. Hilland). The virus contained flexuous rods with an ssRNA genome similar to 9.5-10 k nts and a CP (similar to 35kDa) that reacted to a universal potyvirus monoclonal antibody in Western blot analysis. The sequenced genomic 3'-end (similar to 1850 nt) contained a potyvirus genomic arrangement that included the 3'-terminus of the NIb (nuclear inclusion) gene, the CP (coat protein) gene, and a 3'-UTR (untranslated region) attached to a poly(A)tail. The CP amino acids had between 54 and 70% identity with 12 selected members from the genus Potyvirus. Phylogenetically, the Alaskan potyvirus clustered with three other apiaceous potyviruses from Australia. The novel Alaskan virus was confined to A. lucida L. and A. genuflexa Nutt. in nature, and was classified in the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, and in part named after its natural plant hosts, angelica virus Y (AnVY). C1 USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Serv, Arct Plant Germplasm Res & Introduct, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Serv, Arct Plant Germplasm Res & Introduct, 553 E Firewood Ave, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM pfnlr@uaa.alaska.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 152 IS 9 BP 1603 EP 1611 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1003-4 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 203XW UT WOS:000249008300002 PM 17558540 ER PT J AU Spatz, SJ Silva, RF AF Spatz, S. J. Silva, R. F. TI Sequence determination of variable regions within the genomes of gallid herpesvirus-2 pathotypes SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; TERMINAL REPEAT; UNIQUE REGION; PROTEIN VP22; STRAIN; TYPE-1; DNA; ALIGNMENT; GENES; IDENTIFICATION AB Comparative genomic studies of attenuated and virulent strains of Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2) have identified 6 regions of sequence variability. These regions include the open reading frames (ORFs) encoding UL36 and UL49 and regions devoid of large ORFs (132-bp repeats, a-like sequences and the junctions flanking the unique short region). Our data indicate that the carboxyl terminus of UL36 contains regions of heterogeneity that are unique to CVI988-derived attenuated strains. A deletion of the TKSERT domain and a glycine(245) polymorphism in the UL49 proteins were also identified in these derivatives. Phylogenetic analyses of both UL36 and UL49 sequences indicate that CVI988-derived strains partition differently from other attenuated strains (RM-1 and R2/23), indicating that additional mutations contribute to attenuation. In very virulent and very virulent plus strains a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified within the 132-bp tandem repeats. Within the junctions flanking the unique short region, these strains also contain deletions in sequences that are predicted to bind the transcription factor NF kappaB. In some attenuated strains, deletions were also identified in the latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoters and adjacent regions encoding microRNAs. These results indicate that virulence is likely multi-factorial with contributions from both multiple genes and cis-acting sites. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Spatz, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM sspatz@seprl.usda.gov NR 51 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 152 IS 9 BP 1665 EP 1678 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-0992-3 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 203XW UT WOS:000249008300008 PM 17557133 ER PT J AU Georgopoulos, A Bloomfield, H Collins, D Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM O'Connor, JJ Robins, SJ Schaefer, EJ AF Georgopoulos, Angeliki Bloomfield, Hanna Collins, Dorothea Brousseau, Margaret E. Ordovas, Jose M. O'Connor, John J. Robins, Sander J. Schaefer, Ernest J. TI Codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 2 gene is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the dyslipidemic diabetic participants of the veterans affairs HDL intervention trial (VA-HIT) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE polymorphisms; FABP2; diabetes; cardiovascular risk ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; POSTCHALLENGE INSULIN LEVELS; SECONDARY PREVENTION; ARTERY-DISEASE; RESISTANCE; MEN; TRIGLYCERIDE; POPULATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB The threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 2 gene, when compared to the wild type, is associated with dyslipidemia. Since dyslipidernia is common in diabetes and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, we tested the hypothesis that Thr-54 is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. The secondary prevention veterans affairs HDL intervention trial (VA-HIT) was carried out in patients with dyslipidemia. The DNA of trial participants (n = 776) was screened for the Thr-54 polymorphism and cardiovascular endpoints were monitored. The polymorphism was detected in 370 (47.7%). For first occurrence of the primary endpoint [myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary heart disease (CHD) death] the hazard ratio (HR) and confidence intervals (Cox proportional hazards model) was 2.5 (1.2, 5.3) p =.02 in diabetic carriers of Thr-54 versus carriers without diabetes or fasting glucose >7 mmol/L. For the expanded endpoint (stroke, MI or CHD death), the corresponding HR was 3.0 (1.4, 5.4) p =.0003 and for the stroke alone the corresponding HR was 3.5 (1.4-8.9) p =.01. The higher cumulative incidence of the expanded endpoint in diabetic participants carrying the FABP2 polymorphism versus non-diabetic carriers was consistently present throughout the 5 years of the study (P =.0002). We conclude that based on the VA-HIT data, the Thr-54 polymorphism of the FABP2 gene is associated with a 2-3.5-fold increase in cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemic men with diabetes compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cooperat Studies Program, West Haven, CT USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Georgopoulos, A (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. EM georg003@umn.edu OI bloomfield, hanna/0000-0002-0756-7064; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD SEP PY 2007 VL 194 IS 1 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.07.022 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 228OD UT WOS:000250738300016 PM 16945373 ER PT J AU Silva, RF Fadly, AM Taylor, SP AF Silva, Robert F. Fadly, Aly M. Taylor, Scott P. TI Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction to Differentiate Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) Subgroups: Detection of an ALV Contaminant in Commercial Marek's Disease Vaccines SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE PCR; ALV; diagnosis; vaccine; poultry; Marek's disease ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT AB Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) are common in many poultry flocks and can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or any other test designed to identify p27, the group-specific antigen located in gag. However, endogenous retroviruses expressing p27 are often present and can be confused with exogenous ALVs. A more specific and informative assay involves targeting the variable envelope glycoprotein gene (gp85) that is the basis for dividing ALVs into their different subgroups. We designed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers that would specifically detect and amplify viruses from each of the six ALV subgroups: A, B, C, D, E, and J. Subgroup B and D envelopes are related, and our B-specific primers also amplified subgroup D viruses. We also designed a set of common primers to amplify any ALV subgroup virus. To demonstrate the usefulness of these primers, we obtained from the Center for Veterinary Biologics in Iowa culture supernatant from chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with an ALV that was found to be a contaminant in two commercial Marek's disease vaccines. Using our PCR primers, we demonstrate that the contaminant was a subgroup A ALV. We cloned and sequenced a portion of the envelope gene and confirmed that the ALV was a subgroup A virus. Unlike typical subgroup A viruses, the contaminant ALV grew very slowly in cell culture. We also cloned and sequenced a portion of the long terminal repeat (LTR) from the contaminant virus. The LTR was found to be similar to those LTRs found in endogenous ALVs (subgroup E) and very dissimilar to LTRs normally found in subgroup A viruses. The E-like LTR probably explains why the contaminant grew so poorly in cell culture. C1 [Silva, Robert F.; Fadly, Aly M.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Taylor, Scott P.] USDA, APHIS, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Silva, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM silvar@msu.edu NR 13 TC 28 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[663:DOAPCR]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NC UT WOS:000260907300003 PM 17992923 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Spackman, E Day, JM Rives, D AF Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Spackman, Erica Day, J. Michael Rives, David TI Periodic Monitoring of Commercial Turkeys for Enteric Viruses Indicates Continuous Presence of Astrovirus and Rotavirus on the Farms SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian astrovirus; avian nephritis virus; avian rotavirus; turkey astrovirus; adenovirus; phylogenetic analysis ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SMALL ROUND VIRUS; POULT ENTERITIS; HEMORRHAGIC ENTERITIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MORTALITY SYNDROME; AVIAN ADENOVIRUS; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; RT-PCR; CORONAVIRUS AB A longitudinal survey to detect enteric viruses in intestinal contents collected from turkeys in eight commercial operations and one research facility was performed using molecular detection methods. Intestinal contents were collected from turkeys prior to placement, with each flock resampled at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 wk of age. The samples were screened for astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and turkey coronavirus (TCoV) by a reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and for groups 1 and 2 adenovirus by PCR. Rotavirus was the only virus detected prior to placement (7 of 16 samples examined). All of the commercial flocks were positive for rotavirus and astrovirus from 2 until 6 wk of age, and most were intermittently positive until 12 wk of age, when the birds were processed. Of the 96 samples collected from birds on the farms, 89.5% were positive for astrovirus, and 67.7% were positive for rotavirus. All flocks were negative for TCoV, reovirus, and group 1 adenovirus at all time points, and positive for group 2 adenovirus (hemorrhagic enteritis virus) at 6 wk of age. All the flocks monitored were considered healthy or normal by field personnel. Turkeys placed on research facilities that had been empty for months and thoroughly cleaned had higher body weights and lower feed conversion rates at 5 wk of age when compared to turkeys placed on commercial farms. Intestinal samples collected at 1, 2, and 3 wk of age from these turkeys were free of enteric viruses. This report demonstrates that astroviruses and rotaviruses may be present within a turkey flock through the life of the flock. Comparison of infected birds with one group of turkeys that were negative for enteric viruses by the methods used here suggests that astrovirus and/or rotavirus may affect production. The full impact on flock performance needs to be further determined. C1 [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.; Spackman, Erica; Day, J. Michael] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rives, David] Prestage Farms Inc, Clinton, NC 28328 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mpantin-jackwood@seprl.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6612-32000-020] FX We acknowledge Diane Smith, Scott Lee, and the SAA sequencing facility for technical assistance with this work. The work was supported by USDA/ARS CRIS project 6612-32000-020. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 674 EP 680 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[674:PMOCTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NC UT WOS:000260907300005 PM 17992925 ER PT J AU Day, JM Spackman, E Pantin-Jackwood, M AF Day, J. Michael Spackman, Erica Pantin-Jackwood, Mary TI A Multiplex RT-PCR Test for the Differential Identification of Turkey Astrovirus Type 1, Turkey Astrovirus Type 2, Chicken Astrovirus, Avian Nephritis Virus, and Avian Rotavirus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE astrovirus; avian nephritis virus; enteric viruses; multiplex RT-PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; POULT ENTERITIS COMPLEX; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MORTALITY SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; CORONAVIRUS; INFECTIONS AB Recent studies have revealed the presence of astroviruses and rotavirus in numerous poorly performing and healthy chicken and turkey flocks in the United States. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data produced during these studies has identified four groups of avian astroviruses circulating in the United States: turkey astrovirus types 1 and 2 (TAstV-1 and TAstV-2), avian nephritis virus (ANV), and a chicken-origin astrovirus (CAstV). As the molecular epidemiology of poultry enteric disease is poorly understood, the development of updated diagnostic assays is crucial to the continued surveillance and management of enteric disease in affected as well as healthy flocks. This report details the development of a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for astroviruses and avian rotavirus in turkey-origin and chicken-origin samples. The assay consists of two multiplex tests, one for turkey-origin samples and one for chicken-origin samples. The turkey sample test differentially identifies TAstV-1, TAstV-2, ANV, and avian rotavirus. The test for chicken-origin samples differentially identifies CAstV, ANV, and avian rotavirus. Assay sensitivity varied by target sequence between approximately 10 copies for avian rotavirus alone and approximately 2 X 10(6) copies for TAstV-2 in the presence of a heterologous competitor RNA sequence. Each test was shown to be specific for the intended target by testing for cross-reaction with other common avian enteric viruses. The specificity was further shown by testing 109 chicken specimens and 32 turkey specimens from commercial flocks with the appropriate test and sequencing the RT-PCR amplicons to confirm amplification of the correct target. C1 [Day, J. Michael; Spackman, Erica; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM espackman@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [6612-32000-020]; U. S. Poultry and Egg Association [F0008] FX We would like to acknowledge Scott Lee, Diane Smith, and Chris Stephens for technical assistance with this article. This work was supported by USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-020 and by grant F0008 from the U. S. Poultry and Egg Association. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 25 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 681 EP 684 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NC UT WOS:000260907300006 PM 17992926 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Avellaneda, G Mickle, TR Pritchard, N Cruz, J Bublot, M AF Swayne, David E. Avellaneda, Gloria Mickle, Thomas R. Pritchard, Nikki Cruz, Julio Bublot, Michel TI Improvements to the Hemagglutination Inhibition Test for Serological Assessment of Recombinant Fowlpox-H5-Avian-Influenza Vaccination in Chickens and Its Use Along with an Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test for Differentiating Infected from Noninfected Vaccinated Animals SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; DIVA; fowlpox virus; hemagglutinin; serology; vaccine ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; FOWL POXVIRUS VACCINE; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ETHER TREATMENT; A VIRUS; PROTECTION; EFFICACY; H5N2; ANTIGEN AB In general, avian influenza (AI) vaccines protect chickens from morbidity and mortality and reduce, but do not completely prevent, replication of wild AI viruses in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of vaccinated chickens. Therefore, surveillance programs based on serological testing must be developed to differentiate vaccinated flocks infected with wild strains of AI virus from noninfected vaccinated flocks in order to evaluate the success of vaccination in a control program and allow continuation of national and international commerce of poultry and poultry products. In this study, chickens were immunized with a commercial recombinant fowlpox virus vaccine containing an H5 hemagglutinin gene from A/turkey/Ireland/83 (H5N8) avian influenza (AI) virus (rFP-H5) and evaluated for correlation of immunological response by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) or agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests and determination of protection following challenge with a high pathogenicity AI (HPAI) virus. In two different trials, chickens immunized with the rFP-H5 vaccine did not develop AGID antibodies because the vaccine lacks AI nucleoprotein and matrix genes, but 0%-100% had HI antibodies, depending on the AI virus strain used in the HI test, the HI antigen inactivation procedure, and whether the birds had been preimmunized against fowlpox virus. The most consistent and highest HI titers were observed when using A/turkey/Ireland/83 (H5N8) HPAI virus strain as the beta-propiolactone (BPL) - inactivated HI test antigen, which matched the hemagglutinin gene insert in the rFP-H5 vaccine. In addition, higher HI titers were observed if ether or a combination of ether and BPL-inactivated virus was used in place of the BPL-inactivated virus. The rFP-H5 vaccinated chickens survived HPAI challenge and antibodies were detected by both AGID and HI tests. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the rFP-H5 vaccine allowed easy serological differentiation of infected from noninfected birds in vaccinated populations of chickens when using standard AGID and HI tests. C1 [Swayne, David E.; Avellaneda, Gloria] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Mickle, Thomas R.; Pritchard, Nikki; Cruz, Julio] Merial Select Inc, Gainesville, GA 30501 USA. [Bublot, Michel] Merial SAS Discovery Res, F-69007 Lyon, France. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Merial, Inc [586612-1-0220] FX We thank J. Beck, J. Doster, and K. Moresco for technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This research was supported by Trust Agreement # 586612-1-0220 between the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Merial, Inc. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[697:ITTHIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NC UT WOS:000260907300009 PM 17992929 ER PT J AU Heidari, M Fitzgerald, SD Zhang, HM Silva, RF Lee, LF Dunn, JR AF Heidari, M. Fitzgerald, S. D. Zhang, H. M. Silva, R. F. Lee, L. F. Dunn, J. R. TI Marek's Disease Virus-Induced Skin Leukosis in Scaleless Chickens: Tumor Development in the Absence of Feather Follicles SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; skin leukosis; scaleless chicken ID HERPESVIRUS; MEQ; TRANSFORMATION; REPLICATION; LESIONS; CELLS; LYMPHOMAS; GENE; ICP4 AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic cell-associated herpesvirus that causes T-cell lymphoma in chickens. Lymphoproliferative neoplasms in Marek's disease (MD) occur in various organs and tissues, including the viscera, peripheral nerves, skin, gonads, and musculatures. MDV is restrictively produced in the feather follicle epithelial (FFE) cells, and it gains access to the external environment via infected cells or as infectious enveloped cell-free virus particles. The goals of the present study were to 1) determine whether the MDV-induced skin lesions are neoplastic in nature or inflammatory reactions to viral infection, 2) determine whether physical presence of feather follicles (FF) is necessary for skin tumor development, and 3) study the role of skin epithelial cells not associated with feathers or FF in the replication and dissemination of infectious virus particles. Scaleless chickens that produce only a few scattered feathers and no sculate scales along the anterior metatarsi were used as a unique model to study the pathogenesis of dermal lesions. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the cutaneous lesions were tumorous as was manifested by massive accumulation of lymphoblasts and extensive activation of meq oncoprotein, the hallmark of MDV oncogenesis, within the skin lesions. Neoplastic cutaneous lesions in the scaleless chickens indicate that feather follicles are not necessary for skin tumor development. Finally, our preliminary data indicate that inoculation with supernatant fluid from homogenized and sonicated skin samples of MDV-infected scaleless chickens induces MD in susceptible birds, suggesting that skin epithelial cells not associated with FF also harbor infectious viral particles. C1 [Heidari, M.; Zhang, H. M.; Silva, R. F.; Lee, L. F.; Dunn, J. R.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Fitzgerald, S. D.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Heidari, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM heidari@msu.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[713:MDVSLI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NC UT WOS:000260907300011 PM 17992931 ER PT J AU Pandiri, AR Reed, WM Mays, JK Fadly, AM AF Pandiri, Arun R. Reed, Willie M. Mays, Jody K. Fadly, Aly M. TI Influence of Strain, Dose of Virus, and Age at Inoculation on Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Persistence, Antibody Response, and Oncogenicity in Commercial Meat-Type Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE subgroup J avian leukosis virus; virus persistence; effect of virus strain and dose; age at inoculation; tolerance; antibody; tumors; commercial meat-type chickens ID BROILER BREEDER CHICKENS; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; HPRS-103 STRAIN; ALV INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TOLERANCE; INDUCTION; FLOCKS; TUMORS AB neutralizing antibody (VNAb) response, and tumors were studied in commercial meat-type chickens. Chickens were inoculated on the fifth day of embryonation (5 ED) or on day of hatch (DOH) with either 100 or 10,000 50% tissue-culture infective dose (TCID50) of one of three ALV J strains, namely ADOL Hc1, ADOL 6803, or ADOL 4817. At 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, and 32 wk posthatch, chickens were examined for ALV J viremia and VNAb against the inoculated strain of ALV J. A high incidence (83%-100%) of ALV J persistence was observed in all treatment groups. Development of VNAb did not always lead to viremia-free status; even though 18% of the chickens developed VNAb, only 4% were able to clear viremia. The viral strain, dose, and age of bird at inoculation seemed to have an effect on the incidence of VNAb; however, the differences were statistically significant in only some treatment groups. Chickens infected with ADOL 6803 had higher incidence of VNAb than chickens infected with ADOL Hc1 and ADOL 4817 (P<0.05 in groups 5 ED at 100 TCID50 and DOH at 10,000 TCID50). There was a trend in all groups inoculated with 100 TCID50 to have higher incidence of VNAb than that of groups inoculated with 10,000 TCID50 (ADOL 6803 at 5 ED and ADOL 4817 at DOH [P<0.05]; ADOL Hc1 at DOH [P<0.08]). In most treatment groups (ADOL Hc1 at 100 and 10,000 TCID50, ADOL 6803 at 10,000 TCID50, and ADOL 4817 at 100 TCID50), chickens inoculated at DOH had higher incidence of VNAb than that of chickens inoculated at 5 ED (ADOL 6803 at 10,000 TCID50 [P<0.05], ADOL Hc1 at 100 TCID50 [ P<0.08]). Incidence of ALV J-induced tumors and tumor spectrum were influenced by viral strain, age at inoculation, and VNAb response. C1 [Pandiri, Arun R.; Mays, Jody K.; Fadly, Aly M.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Pandiri, Arun R.; Reed, Willie M.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM fadly@msu.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[725:IOSDOV]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NC UT WOS:000260907300013 PM 17992933 ER PT J AU Douglas, KO Lavoie, MC Kim, LM Afonso, CL Suarez, DL AF Douglas, Kirk O. Lavoie, Marc C. Kim, L. Mia Afonso, Claudio L. Suarez, David L. TI Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses and a Newcastle Disease Virus from Wild Birds in Barbados: 2003-2004 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; influenza A virus; migratory birds; Barbados; Caribbean; Newcastle disease virus ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION PCR; A VIRUSES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DUCKS; POPULATIONS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; PATHOGENICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; WATERFOWL AB Zoonotic transmission of an H5N1 avian influenza A virus to humans in 2003 - present has generated increased public health and scientific interest in the prevalence and variability of influenza A viruses in wild birds and their potential threat to human health. Migratory waterfowl and shorebirds are regarded as the primordial reservoir of all influenza A viral subtypes and have been repeatedly implicated in avian influenza outbreaks in domestic poultry and swine. All of the 16 hemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase influenza subtypes have been isolated from wild birds, but waterfowl of the order Anseriformes are the most commonly infected. Using 9-to-11-day-old embryonating chicken egg culture, virus isolation attempts were conducted on 168 cloacal swabs from various resident, imported, and migratory bird species in Barbados during the months of July to October of 2003 and 2004. Hemagglutination assay and reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction were used to screen all allantoic fluids for the presence of hemagglutinating agents and influenza A virus. Hemagglutination positive - influenza negative samples were also tested for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which is also found in waterfowl. Two influenza A viruses and one NDV were isolated from Anseriformes (40/168), with isolation rates of 5.0% (2/40) and 2.5% (1/40), respectively, for influenza A and NDV. Sequence analysis of the influenza A virus isolates showed them to be H4N3 viruses that clustered with other North American avian influenza viruses. This is the first report of the presence of influenza A virus and NDV in wild birds in the English-speaking Caribbean. C1 [Douglas, Kirk O.; Lavoie, Marc C.] Univ W Indies, Dept Biol & Chem Sci, BB-11000 St Michael, Barbados. [Kim, L. Mia; Afonso, Claudio L.; Suarez, David L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Douglas, KO (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Biol & Chem Sci, Cave Hill Campus, BB-11000 St Michael, Barbados. EM douglas.o.k@medscape.com FU Caribbean Health Research Council FX This study was made possible by a research grant offered by the Caribbean Health Research Council. We would like to thank Dr. Karl Watson, Natural History Lecturer (University of West Indies), for data on migratory waterfowl observations; Dr. Carol Hull-Jackson and the entire Leptospira Laboratory staff for their assistance; Mr. Adrian Johnson, Mr. Robert Pierce, and Mr. Anthony Kent for providing migratory bird samples; and Ms. Suzanne DeBlois and Mrs. Dawn Williams-Coplin from the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory. We also thank Dr. Richard Slemons for his critical review of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 781 EP 787 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[781:IAGCOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NC UT WOS:000260907300022 PM 17992942 ER PT J AU Williams, SM Hafner, S Sundram, Y AF Williams, Susan M. Hafner, Scott Sundram, Yoga TI Liver Granulomas Due to Eubacterium tortuosum in a Seven-Week-Old Bobwhite Quail SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bobwhite quail; liver granulomas; Eubacterium tortuosum ID CHICKENS; BACTERIA; TURKEYS AB Three 7-wk-old Bobwhite quail were submitted for necropsy to the Douglas branch of the Georgia Poultry Laboratory Network. Grossly, one bird had multiple white foci in the liver and a mild airsacculitis. In this quail there were multiple hepatic granulomas that contained mats of filamentous bacteria easily seen in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained histologic sections. These bacteria were negative with period acid-Schiff and were not acid fast. Bacteria were gram-positive but were most evident on Warthin-Starry silver-stained sections. The appearance and histochemical characteristics of these bacteria are most consistent with Eubacterium tortuosum. C1 [Williams, Susan M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hafner, Scott] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Eastern Lab, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Sundram, Yoga] Georgia Poultry Lab Network, Douglas Branch, Oakwood, GA 30566 USA. RP Williams, SM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM smwillia@uga.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 797 EP 799 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[797:LGDTET]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NC UT WOS:000260907300025 PM 17992945 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Li, XL AF Jordan, Douglas B. Li, Xin-Liang TI Variation in relative substrate specificity of bifunctional beta-D-Xylosidase/alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase by single-site mutations: Roles of substrate distortion and recognition SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE glycoside hydrolase; GH43; stereoelectronic effect; near attack conformation; transition state ID ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES; GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; CATALYTIC RESIDUES; MECHANISMS; PROTEIN; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS AB To probe differential control of substrate specificities for 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (4NPA) and 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4NPX), residues of the glycone binding pocket of GH43 beta-D-xylosidase/alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium were individually mutated to alanine. Although their individual substrate specificities (k(cat)/K-m)(4NPX) and (k(cat)/K-m)(4NPA) are lowered 330 to 280,000 fold, D14A, D127A, W73A, E186A, and H248A mutations maintain similar relative substrate specificities as wild-type enzyme. Relative substrate specificities (k(cat)/K-m)(4NPX)/(k(cat)/K-m)(4NPA) are lowered by R290A, F31A, and F508A mutations to 0.134, 0.407, and 4.51, respectively, from the wild type value of 12.3 with losses in (k(cat)/K-m)(4NPX) and (k(cat)/K-m)(4NPA) of 18 to 163000 fold. 8290 and F31 reside above and below the C4 OH group of 4NPX and the C5 OH group of 4NPA, where they can serve as anchors for the two glycone moieties when their ring systems are distorted to transition-state geometries by raising the position of C1. Thus, whereas 8290 and F31 provide catalytic power for hydrolysis of both substrates, the native residues are more important for 4NPX than 4NPA as the xylopyranose ring must undergo greater distortion than the arabinofuranose ring. F508 borders C4 and C5 of the two glycone moieties and can serve as a hydrophobic platform having more favorable interactions with xylose than arabinofuranose. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1774 IS 9 BP 1192 EP 1198 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.06.010 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 215WP UT WOS:000249840000014 PM 17689155 ER PT J AU Bhat, S Hatfield, K Jacobs, JM Lowrance, R Williams, R AF Bhat, Shirish Hatfield, Kirk Jacobs, Jennifer M. Lowrance, Richard Williams, Randall TI Surface runoff contribution of nitrogen during storm events in a forested watershed SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE forested watershed; fort Benning; low nutrient systems; REMM; Riparian area; total Kjeldahl nitrogen ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT MODEL; PLAIN RIPARIAN SYSTEM; COASTAL-PLAIN; QUALITY; UPLAND; REMM; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; NUTRIENTS; COMPONENT AB We examined total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) loading to a small forested stream during storm events. We hypothesized that upper soil and litter layers in riparian area are primary source of higher TKN concentrations during storm. A storm water sampling program was carried out to gather requisite flow and water quality data to calibrate and validate water and nutrient components of the Riparian Ecosystem Management Model for TKN. Water quality and storm flow data collected from January 2000 to December 2003 were used to simulate the hydrology and nitrogen transport over a second-order watershed within the Fort Benning Military Installation, Georgia. Intensive sampling conducted from October 2002 to May 2003 provided the necessary data to characterize the rising limb, peak, and recession limb of six major storm events. Simulated runoff and storm TKN loads were compared with their corresponding observed or calculated values. Hydrology and nitrogen data collected from February 21, 2003 to December 31, 2003 were used for the model validation. The hydrology component of the model showed a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 87% for the validation period. The average absolute difference between simulated and calculated TKN loads was 25%. Even though the monthly water budget indicated the dominance of subsurface flow, TKN contribution from direct runoff was significantly greater than that from subsurface flow. On an average, 73% of the observed total TKN load at the watershed outlet was contributed by surface runoff during storm events. The results suggested that the surface runoff during the storm events washed off the nitrogen from the forest floor and transported to the stream. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hatfield, K (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM khh@ce.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10533-007-9131-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 201AY UT WOS:000248805100002 ER PT J AU Feng, J Naiman, DQ Cooper, B AF Feng, Jian Naiman, Daniel Q. Cooper, Bret TI Probability-based pattern recognition and statistical framework for randomization: modeling tandem mass spectrum/peptide sequence false match frequencies SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SHOTGUN PROTEOMIC DATA; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; DATABASES; PEPTIDES; SENSITIVITY; MS/MS AB Motivation: In proteomics, reverse database searching is used to control the false match frequency for tandem mass spectrum/peptide sequence matches, but reversal creates sequences devoid of patterns that usually challenge database-search software. Results: We designed an unsupervised pattern recognition algorithm for detecting patterns with various lengths from large sequence datasets. The patterns found in a protein sequence database were used to create decoy databases using a Monte Carlo sampling algorithm. Searching these decoy databases led to the prediction of false positive rates for spectrum/peptide sequence matches. We show examples where this method, independent of instrumentation, database-search software and samples, provides better estimation of false positive identification rates than a prevailing reverse database searching method. The pattern detection algorithm can also be used to analyze sequences for other purposes in biology or cryptology. Availability: On request from the authors. Contact: Bret.Cooper@ars.usda.gov Supplementary information: http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Naiman, Daniel/A-3304-2010 OI Naiman, Daniel/0000-0001-6504-9081 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 17 BP 2210 EP 2217 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm267 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 215OI UT WOS:000249818500002 PM 17510167 ER PT J AU Vitecek, J Petrlova, J Petrek, J Adam, V Havel, L Kramer, KJ Kizek, R AF Vitecek, J. Petrlova, J. Petrek, J. Adam, V. Havel, L. Kramer, K. J. Kizek, R. TI Application of fluorimetric analysis of plant esterases to study of programmed cell death and effects of cadmium(II) ions SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE attomole detection; confocal microscopy; early somatic embryos of Norway spruce; fluorescein diacetate; fluorescence microscopy; protoplast; tobacco BY-2 ID EARLY SOMATIC EMBRYOS; NORWAY SPRUCE; ZEA-MAYS; NITRIC-OXIDE; HEAVY-METALS; GLUTATHIONE; CULTIVARS; GROWTH; DETOXIFICATION; XENOBIOTICS AB Esterases (EC 3.1.1.x) represent a diverse group of hydrolases catalyzing the cleavage and formation of carboxyl ester bonds. Their connection with development has made them a suitable marker of development in plants. In the present work, we focused on the fluorimetric determination of the plant esterases in plant cell cultures (tobacco BY-2 cells and early somatic embryos of Norway spruce, clone 2/32) with respect to application the method for the study of programmed cell death and the influence of cadmium(II) ions on the plant cells. The programmed cell death has been triggered by sodium nitroprusside and glucose oxidase. The determination of the esterase activity by the proposed technique in a cell extract determined very small difference in enzyme activity, which was a reliable marker of metabolic changes. In addition, the esterase activity of spruce somatic embryos decreased with the increase in medium Cd concentration. C1 Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry, Dept Plant Biol, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry, Dept Chem & Biochem, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Kizek, R (reprint author), Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry, Dept Plant Biol, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. EM kizek@sci.muni.cz RI Havel, Ladislav/C-8954-2012; Kizek, Rene/D-7748-2012; Adam, Vojtech/D-7686-2012 OI Havel, Ladislav/0000-0003-3378-2785; Adam, Vojtech/0000-0002-8527-286X NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s10535-007-0119-4 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181BS UT WOS:000247412400026 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Schisler, DA Boehm, MJ Slininger, PJ AF Zhang, Shouan Schisler, David A. Boehm, Michael J. Slininger, Patricia J. TI Utilization of chemical inducers of resistance and Cryptococcus flavescens OH 182.9 to reduce Fusarium head blight under greenhouse conditions SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Gibberella zeae; induced localized resistance; systemic acquired resistance; triticum aestivum; wheat scab ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DISEASE RESISTANCE; BIOCONTROL EFFICACY; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; SALICYLIC-ACID; PLANT-GROWTH; WHEAT; ENHANCEMENT; EXPRESSION AB Four chemicals [salicylic acid (SA), sodium salt of salicylic acid (NaSA), isonicotinic acid (INA), and DL-beta-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA)] and the yeast antagonist Cryptococcus flavescens (=C. nodaensis nomen nudum) OH 182.9 were evaluated separately or together for the ability to reduce Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in the greenhouse. When sprayed onto wheat heads at 3 days prior to pathogen challenge with Gibberella zeae, NaSA and INA at 10 mM significantly reduced FHB severity compared to the non-treated disease control. Applied at concentrations of 1 and 5 mM at 3 days before pathogen challenge, NaSA or INA in combination with OH 182.9 did not significantly reduce FHB severity compared to either treatment alone, though the lowest disease severity values frequently were associated with the combination treatments. When sprayed onto wheat heads just beginning to emerge from boot at 10 days prior to pathogen inoculation, NaSA, INA, and BABA at 1 mM significantly reduced FHB severity indicating that induced systemic resistance was at least partially responsible for the reduction of FHB disease. Induced FHB resistance was achieved by treating wheat with INA at concentrations as low as 0.1 mM. In only one instance was 100-kernel weight affected by any chemical or combination of chemicals with OH 182.9 treatment. Data from our studies in the greenhouse suggest that chemical inducers can induce resistance in wheat against FHB, and that further efforts are warranted to explore the potential of improved control of FHB disease by incorporating chemical inducers with the FHB biocontrol agent OH 182.9. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sebislda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 42 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.05.020 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 207NG UT WOS:000249257200007 ER PT J AU Bokonon-Ganta, AH McQuate, GT Messing, RH AF Bokonon-Ganta, Aime H. McQuate, Grant T. Messing, Russell H. TI Natural establishment of a parasitoid complex on Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Hawaii SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera latitrons; Fopius arisanus; Psyttalia incisi; Diachasuibnorpha longicaudata; Diachasnumorpha tryoni; Tetrastichusgiffardianus; biological control ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; DIACHASMIMORPHA-TRYONI HYMENOPTERA; LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; PSYTTALIA-FLETCHERI HYMENOPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; LARVAL-PUPAL PARASITOIDS; MELON FLY DIPTERA; FOPIUS-ARISANUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HOST PREFERENCE AB Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the most recent of four tephritid fruit fly species accidentally introduced into Hawaii. Although parasitoids have been released against other tephritid fruit fly species and have shown partial success in Hawaii, no parasitoids were released until 2004 to suppress populations of B. latifrons. The present study was conducted to document the parasitoid complex that has naturally established against B. latifrons in Hawaii and to assess whether there is a need for improving the biological control of this species. Based on ripe turkeyberry (Solanum torvum Sw) fruit collections over three consecutive years B. latifrons was the dominant tephritid fruit fly infestating turkeyberry at all four sites surveyed, across three major islands in Hawaii. The overall percentage parasitism of B. latifrons ranged from a low of 0.8% (Hana, Maui) to a high of 8.8% (Kahaluu, Oahu). Five primary parasitoid species were recovered from individually held B. latifrons puparia: Fopius arisanus (Sonan), Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri), Diachasmimorpha longi-caudata (Ashmead), D. tryoni (Cameron), and Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri. F. arisanus was the predominant parasitoid at three of the four sites. Low levels of parasitism suggest that there is a need to improve biological control of B. latifrons, to minimize chances of this species causing economic impacts on crop production in Hawaii. We discuss the possibility of improving biological control of B. latifrons through augmentative releases of F. arisanus or introduction and release of specific and efficient new parasitoid species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Bokonon-Ganta, AH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM aimehbg@hawaii.edu NR 67 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.05.019 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 207NG UT WOS:000249257200013 ER PT J AU Bajsa, J Singh, K Nanayakkara, D Duke, SO Rimando, AM Evidente, A Tekwani, BL AF Bajsa, Joanna Singh, Kshipra Nanayakkara, Dharnmika Duke, Stephen Oscar Rimando, Agnes Marnaril Evidente, Antonio Tekwani, Babu Lal TI A survey of synthetic and natural phytotoxic compounds and phytoalexins as potential antimalarial compounds SO BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE plasimodium falciparum; apicoplast; antiplasmodial; herbicide; phytotoxin; phytoalexin ID FUSICOCCUM-AMYGDALI DEL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; PROTEIN; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITION; HERBICIDES AB The apicomplexan parasites pathogens such as Plasmodium spp. possess an apicoplast, a plastid organelle similar to those of plants. The apicoplast has some essential plant-like metabolic pathways and processes, making these parasites susceptible to inhibitors of these functions. The main objective of this paper is to determine if phytotoxins with plastid target sites are more likely to be good antiplasmodial compounds than are those with other modes of action. The antiplasmodial activities of some compounds with established phytotoxic action were determined in vitro on a chloroquine (CQ) sensitive (136, Sierra Leone) strain of Plasmodiunifalciparum. In this study, we provide in vitro activities of almost 50 such compounds, as well as a few phytoalexins against P. falciparum. Endothall, anisomycin, and cerulenin had sufficient antiplasmodial action to be considered as new lead antimalarial structures. Some derivatives of fusicoccin possessed markedly improved antiplasmodial action than the parent compound. Our results suggest that phytotoxins with plastid targets may not necessarily be better antiplasmodials than those that act at other molecular sites. The herbicides, phytotoxins and the phytoalexins reported here with significant antiplasmodial activity may be useful probes for identification of new antimalarial drug targets and may also be used as new lead structures for new antiplasmodial drug discovery. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta Ambiente & Prod Ani, I-80055 Portici, Italy. RP Bajsa, J (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM jbajsa@olemiss.edu RI Evidente, Antonio/N-9357-2013 OI Evidente, Antonio/0000-0001-9110-1656 FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [1UO1 CI000211-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [1 R21 AI061431-01] NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150-0002, JAPAN SN 0918-6158 J9 BIOL PHARM BULL JI Biol. Pharm. Bull. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1740 EP 1744 DI 10.1248/bpb.30.1740 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 225BS UT WOS:000250492700027 PM 17827731 ER PT J AU Mayfield, CA Foster, CD Smith, CT Gan, JB Fox, S AF Mayfield, Chyrel A. Foster, C. Darwin Smith, C. Tattersall Gan, Jianbang Fox, Susan TI Opportunities, barriers, and strategies for forest bioenergy and bio-based product development in the Southern United States SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Multiple Benefits from Sustainable Bioenergy Systems CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP IEA Bioenergy Tasks 30 & 31 DE biomass; forest; education; collaboration; incentives; United States AB Focus groups were used to identify opportunities, barriers, and strategies for increased utilization of forest biomass in the Southern United States. The groups were based on the seven critical components in the bioenergy and bio-based products value chain, as identified by the International Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Task 31 "Biomass Production for Energy from Sustainable Forestry." These components include sustainable biomass production, sustainable forest operations, product delivery logistics, manufacturing and energy production, environmental sustainability, consumer demand, and rural economic development. Participants included handpicked experts from each of the seven component areas. Six common themes emerged from the focus groups. Market creation, infrastructure development, community engagement, incentives, collaboration, and education will all be critical to the successful development of the biomass industry. The forest industry, the energy industry, academia, extension personnel, and rural communities should collaborate together to support research, policy issues, and educational programs that enhance the efficiency of current forest biomass operations and promote the use of forest biomass for bioenergy. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Mayfield, CA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, MS 2138, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. EM c-mayfield@tamu.edu NR 7 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 9 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.021 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 219RZ UT WOS:000250103600006 ER PT J AU Neary, DG Zieroth, EJ AF Neary, Daniel G. Zieroth, Elaine J. TI Forest bioenergy system to reduce the hazard of wildfires: White Mountains, Arizona SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Multiple Benefits from Sustainable Bioenergy Systems CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP IEA Bioenergy Tasks 30 & 31 DE thinning; Wildland-Urban Interface; Pinus ponderosa; stewardship contracts; fuels treatments; USDA forest service; Arizona ID PONDEROSA PINE AB In an innovative effort, the USDA Forest Service is planning to reduce the long-term threat of catastrophic wildfires by inaugurating a series of forest thinnings for bioenergy. The start-up project is in the Nutrioso area of the Alpine Ranger District, Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest. "The Nutrioso Wildland/Urban Interface Fuels Reduction Project", under the authority of the Healthy Forest Restoration Act of 2003, addresses the existing condition of the forest, defines the desired condition of the forest, and proposes actions that will result in a healthier forest and a reduced risk from wildfire. This project is part of larger-scale, small-diameter tree thinning covering an area of 607 km(2) over a 10-yr period. Although the Nutrioso Project encompasses 213 km(2) of mixed ownerships, only National Forest lands (79%) will be treated. A variety of thinning and fire prescriptions have been established depending on slopes, road access, and distance from private land. The mostly small-diameter (< 12 cm) trees in ponderosa pine and mixed conifer stands are being removed under a "Stewardship Contract" for utilization in small power plants (< 3 MW), and a wood-heating pellet manufacturing facility. The outlet for the wood fuel pellets is the growing market for house and business heating, and co-generation fuel in a 615 MW coal-fired power station. This paper examines the scope, costs, and environmental trade-offs of this pioneering and remarkably successful effort in forest bioenergy in the southwestern USA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Apache Sitgreaves Natl Forest, Springerville, AZ 85938 USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dneary@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 9 BP 638 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.028 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 219RZ UT WOS:000250103600007 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Zerkowski, JA Foglia, TA AF Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Ashby, Richard D. Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Foglia, Thomas A. TI Simplified soy molasses-based medium for reduced-cost production of sophorolipids by Candida bombicola SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biosurfactant; Candida bombicola; nitrogen source; soy solubles ID SOPHOROSE LIPID PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION; SUBSTRATE; WHEY AB A simplified medium containing only soy molasses and oleic acid as ingredients was developed for the production of sophorolipids (SLs) from Candida bombicola. We achieved a product yield of 53 +/- 3 g of purified sophorolipids per liter of starting culture volume, which is 71 +/- 4% of the yield obtained with growth medium that also additionally contains the costly yeast extract and urea as nitrogen source. The large majority of the SL components existed in the lactone form (87%), and the predominant component is SL containing (omega-1)-hydroxyoleic acid as the lipid moiety. The study demonstrated for the first time the usefulness of the low-value soy molasses as a combined nitrogen- and carbon-source for SL production at a reduced cost. C1 Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dan.solaiman@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1341 EP 1347 DI 10.1007/s10529-007-9407-5 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 198DI UT WOS:000248606800006 PM 17541506 ER PT J AU Derr, CC McCune, B Geiser, LH AF Derr, Chiska C. McCune, Bruce Geiser, Linda H. TI Epiphytic macrolichen communities in Pinus contorta peatlands in southeastern Alaska SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Alaska; air quality biomonitoring; coastal bogs; lichens; muskeg; NMS; NPMR ID CANADA AB We sampled epiphytic macrolichen communities on tree branches in 50 Pinus contorta peatlands in southeastern Alaska. We describe the natural range of variability in lichen communities in these habitats under baseline air quality and climatological conditions and interpreted how lichen community gradients related to site characteristics, tree characteristics and vascular vegetation. The most striking feature of this data set is the uniformity of species composition. Almost three-fourths of the variation was represented in an ordination axis related to variation in total lichen abundance and species richness, but without any strong gradients in the compositional mix of species. Species richness and total lichen abundance were most strongly related to geographic variables, in particular, lower values near Yakutat and the southern part of the study area. The weak compositional gradients, the small trees, their open-grown form and abundance of lichen-covered branches at a convenient height make the lichen communities ideal for biomonitoring of air quality and climate change. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Derr, CC (reprint author), 8454 Kimberly St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM chiska@gci.net; Bruce.McCune@science.oregonstate.edu; lgeiser@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC.-TRES., ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD FAL PY 2007 VL 110 IS 3 BP 521 EP 532 DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[521:EMCIPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 190TZ UT WOS:000248084800017 ER PT J AU Clements, CB Zhong, SY Goodrick, S Li, J Potter, BE Bian, XD Heilman, WE Charney, JJ Perna, R Jang, M Lee, D Patel, M Street, S Aumann, G AF Clements, Craig B. Zhong, Shiyuan Goodrick, Scott Li, Ju Potter, Brian E. Bian, Xindi Heilman, Warren E. Charney, Joseph J. Perna, Ryan Jang, Meongdo Lee, Daegyun Patel, Monica Street, Susan Aumann, Glenn TI Observing the dynamics of wildland grass fires - FireFlux - A field validation experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL ROLL VORTICES; SONIC ANEMOMETER; SIMULATIONS; MOISTURE; IMAGERY; FLUXES; FOREST; MODEL; HEAT AB Grass fires, although not as intense as forest fires, present a major threat to life and property during periods of drought in the Great Plains of the United States. Recently, major wildland grass fires in Texas burned nearly 1.6 million acres and destroyed over 730 homes and 1320 other buildings. The fires resulted in the death of 19 people, an estimated loss of 10,000 head of livestock, and more than $628 million in damage, making the 2005/06 fire season the worst on record for the state of Texas. As an aid to fire management, various models have been developed to describe fire behavior. However, these models strongly emphasize fuels and fail to adequately consider the role of convective dynamics within the atmosphere and its interaction with the fire due to the lack of observational data. To fill this gap, an intensive field measurement campaign called FireFlux was conducted during February 2006 near Houston, Texas. The campaign employed a variety of instrument platforms to collect turbulence data at multiple levels within and immediately downwind of a 155 acre tall-grass prairie burn unit. This paper presents some first-time observations of atmospheric turbulent structures /fluxes associated with intense grass fires and provides a basis to further our understanding of the dynamics of grass fires and their interactions with the atmosphere. C1 Univ Houston, Inst Multidimens Air Qual Studies, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. Inst Urban Metereol, Beijing, Peoples R China. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. Univ Houston, Houston Coastal Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Clements, CB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM clements@met.sisu.edu RI Goodrick, Scott/A-9957-2009 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1369 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1369 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220OQ UT WOS:000250166400003 ER PT J AU Wilson, WW Dahl, BL Johnson, DD AF Wilson, William W. Dahl, Bruce L. Johnson, D. Demcey TI Quality uncertainty and challenges to wheat procurement SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article AB Issues related to quality uncertainty in wheat producing countries have escalated in importance in recent years. While Canada addresses these issues in part through variety regulations, firms in the United States resolve these through varying commercial strategies. Conventional alternatives for procurement range from spot purchases with specifications for easily measurable characteristics, to varying forms of strategies with precommitment. In grains, these are complicated by intrinsic uncertainty associated with functional qualities that are not easily measurable and that procurement costs vary spatially. Thus, shifting origins may involve higher cost due to having to bid grain away from its best market. We posed alternative procurement strategies and developed analytical models to evaluate the costs and risks of these in the case of hard red spring (HRS) wheat. Climatic conditions are a source of uncertainty in functional performance which reduces incentives for contracting and vertical integration, and poses a challenge to any form of integrated supply chain management. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Agribusiness & Appl Econ, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Wilson, WW (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Agribusiness & Appl Econ, 221 F Morrill Hall, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM William.Wilson@ndsu.edu; bdahl@ndsuext.nodak.edu; djohnson@ers.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2007.00094.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 198ZR UT WOS:000248666500003 ER PT J AU Kitts, SE Matthews, JC Schillo, KK Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR AF Kitts, S. E. Matthews, J. C. Schillo, K. K. Rumsey, T. S. Elsasser, T. H. Kahl, S. Baldwin, R. L. McLeod, K. R. TI Effects of chlortetracycline and Synovex-S (R) on growth rate and on plasma growth hormone and thyroid hormone concentrations following administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and GH-releasing hormone in beef steers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; thyroid; estrogen; chlortetracycline; bovine; growth ID BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DIETARY-PROTEIN LEVEL; ROASTED SOYBEANS; FEEDLOT STEERS; PROMOTER AFFECT; FACTOR-I; IGF-I; PERFORMANCE; CATTLE; PITUITARY AB Twenty-four Angus steers (365 kg 4) were assigned randomly to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments of either 0 or 350 mg chlortetracycline d(-1), with or without Synovex- S to test the effects of chlortetracycline (CTC) and estrogenic implant on release of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormones. Steers received ad libitum a concentrate-forage diet over a 112-d feeding study, and growth and carcass characteristics were determined. On days 30, 56, and 106, steers received an injection, via jugular catheter, of 1.0 mu g kg(-1) BW thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) + 0. 1 mu g kg(-1) BW GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and blood was collected from -30 to 360 min post-injection. Overall, compared with non-implanted steers, Synovex-S increased (P <= 0.009) rate and efficiency of gain, decreased (P = 0.05) time to peak for GH concentrations, whereas baseline concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were increased (P = 0.03). Additionally, the TSH response curve (P <= 5 0.05) and magnitude of triiodothyronine (T-3; P = 0.01) response were greater following TRH + GHRH challenge for implanted versus non-implanted steers. There were no main effects of CTC; however, CTC attenuated (P <= 0.05) the effects of implant on T-3 release, slaughter weight, and carcass composition. In conclusion, Synovex-S alone increased BW gain and enhanced the response of GH, TSH, and T-3 to a TRH + GHRH challenge, whereas CTC alone did not affect rate and composition of gain or release of pituitary and thyroid hormones. However, CTC appeared to mitigate the effects of implant on T-3 release and carcass composition. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McLeod, KR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, 806 WP Garrigus Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM kmcleod@uky.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 327 EP 341 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 230CX UT WOS:000250854500007 ER PT J AU Kulmatiski, A Vogt, KA Vogt, DJ Wargo, PM Tilley, JP Siccama, TG Sigurdardottir, R Ludwig, D AF Kulmatiski, Andrew Vogt, Kristiina A. Vogt, Daniel J. Wargo, Phillip M. Tilley, Joel P. Siccama, Thomas G. Sigurdardottir, Ragnhildur Ludwig, Dirk TI Nitrogen and calcium additions increase forest growth in northeastern USA spruce-fir forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; CHRONIC N FERTILIZATION; RED SPRUCE; SUGAR MAPLE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; PICEA-ABIES; NEW-YORK; STREAM CHEMISTRY AB We determined responses of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) - balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests to 6 years of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and N + Ca treatments (100, 160, and 260akg center dot ha(-1 center dot)year(-1) of N, Ca, and N + Ca, respectively) in New York (NY) and New Hampshire (NH). Forest responses to Ca treatments were also determined in Vermont (VT). Nitrogen treatments increased aboveground net primary production (ANPP) by 33% and 25% above controls in NY and NH, respectively. Similarly, N + Ca treatments increased ANPP by 27% and 28% in NY and NH, respectively. Calcium treatments increased ANPP by 25% and 21% above controls in NY and VT. Calcium treatment did not increase ANPP in NH, suggesting N, but not Ca limitation. Leaf-litter quantity and quality, and soil C and N storage were greater in treated than in control plots. Fine-root mass and production did not differ among treatments. Trees, therefore, assimilated more soil nutrients without increasing root growth in treated plots. Red spruce ANPP, however, declined or remained unchanged in response to N and Ca additions. The equivalent of 68-102 years of anthropogenic N addition to soils changed forest species composition without decreasing ANPP, and Ca additions did not prevent this change. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Ctr Adapt Policy Ecosyst Int, IS-801 Selfoss, Iceland. RP Kulmatiski, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM andrewkulmatiski@hotmail.com RI kulmatiski, andrew/J-2072-2015 OI kulmatiski, andrew/0000-0001-9977-5508 NR 60 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1574 EP 1585 DI 10.1139/X07-040 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 232WD UT WOS:000251050300007 ER PT J AU Parsons, RA Heyerdahl, EK Keane, RE Dorner, B Fall, J AF Parsons, Russell A. Heyerdahl, Emily K. Keane, Robert E. Dorner, Brigitte Fall, Joseph TI Assessing accuracy of point fire intervals across landscapes with simulation modelling SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; AGE-CLASS DISTRIBUTION; GRAND-CANYON; HISTORY; FREQUENCY; INTERPOLATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; CLIMATE; REGIMES AB We assessed accuracy in point fire intervals using a simulation model that sampled four spatially explicit simulated fire histories. These histories varied in fire frequency and size and were simulated on a flat landscape with two forest types (dry versus mesic). We used three sampling designs (random, systematic grids, and stratified). We assessed the sensitivity of estimates of Weibull median probability fire intervals (WMPI) to sampling design and to factors that degrade the fire scar record: failure of a tree to record a fire and loss of fire-scarred trees. Accuracy was affected by all of the factors investigated and generally varied with fire regime type. The maximum error was from degradation of the record, primarily because degradation reduced the number of intervals from which WMPI was estimated. The sampling designs were roughly equal in their ability to capture overall WMPI, regardless of fire regime, but the gridded design yielded more accurate estimates of spatial variation in WMPI. Accuracy in WMPI increased with increasing number of points sampled for all fire regimes and sampling designs, but the number of points needed to obtain accurate estimates was greater for fire regimes with complex spatial patterns of fire intervals than for those with relatively homogeneous patterns. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Capilano Coll, Sch Comp Sci, N Vancouver, BC V7J 3H5, Canada. RP Parsons, RA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 W Highway 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rparsons@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1605 EP 1614 DI 10.1139/X07-013 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 232WD UT WOS:000251050300010 ER PT J AU Hurteau, M Zald, H North, M AF Hurteau, Matthew Zald, Harold North, Malcolm TI Species-specific response to climate reconstruction in upper-elevation mixed-conifer forests of the western Sierra Nevada, California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TREE-GROWTH; WEATHERED BEDROCK; KALMAN FILTER; RADIAL GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; COMPETITION; DROUGHT; SOIL; PRECIPITATION; EFFICIENCY AB Dendrochronology climate reconstruction studies often sample dominant, open-grown trees to reduce competition effects and isolate annual climate influences on radial increment growth. However, there has been no examination of how species respond as stand densities increase or which species in mixed-conifer forests provide a better record of past climate. We sampled 579 trees representing five upper montane mixed-conifer species at the Teakettle Experimental Forest in California's southern Sierra Nevada to determine species-specific responses to annual climatic fluctuations. Using the Kalman filter, we examined the affect of local stand density on growth response and whether the growth-climate relationship improved with a time lag. The Kalman filter iteratively calculates error for predicted versus actual radial growth and accounts for this variation in the corrector equation. Under current high-density conditions, shade-tolerant white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.) provided the best model for climate reconstruction. Shade-intolerant Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) had a lagged response to annual climatic fluctuations, possibly because its roots may tap water reserves in granitic bedrock fissures. Open-grown trees provided more accurate records of climate. Changes in forest density in this forest may have resulted in changes in species-specific response to annual climatic fluctuations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hurteau, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Matthew.Hurteau@nau.edu RI Hurteau, Matthew/D-2301-2009 OI Hurteau, Matthew/0000-0001-8457-8974 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1681 EP 1691 DI 10.1139/X07-028 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 232WD UT WOS:000251050300017 ER PT J AU Huggett, BA Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ Eagar, C AF Huggett, Brett A. Schaberg, Paul G. Hawley, Gary J. Eagar, Christopher TI Long-term calcium addition increases growth release, wound closure, and health of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) trees at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED CALCIUM; RED SPRUCE; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; NORTHERN VERMONT; CROWN VIGOR; NUTRITION; BARK; PENNSYLVANIA; ECOSYSTEM; ALUMINUM AB We surveyed and wounded forest-grown sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees in a long-term, replicated Ca manipulation study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. Plots received applications of Ca (to boost Ca availability above depleted ambient levels) or Al (to compete with Ca uptake and further reduce Ca availability). We found significantly greater total foliar and membrane-associated Ca in foliage of trees in plots fertilized with Ca when compared with trees from Al-addition and control plots (P = 0.005). Coinciding with foliar Ca differences, trees exhibited a significant difference in crown vigor and in percent branch dieback among treatments (Pa < 0.05), with a trend towards improved canopy health as Ca levels increased. Annual basal area increment growth for the years following treatment initiation (1998-2004) was significantly greater in trees subjected to Ca addition compared with trees in control and Al treatments. Treatment-related improvements in growth were particularly evident after overstory release following a 1998 ice storm. The amount of wound closure was also greatest for trees in Ca-addition plots relative to Al-addition and control plots (P = 0.041). These findings support evidence that ambient Ca depletion is an important limiting factor regarding sugar maple health and highlight the influence of Ca on wound closure and growth following release from competition. C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM pschaberg@fs.fed.us RI Huggett, Brett/K-3426-2012 NR 51 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1692 EP 1700 DI 10.1139/X07-042 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 232WD UT WOS:000251050300018 ER PT J AU Lehman, RM Rosentrater, KA AF Lehman, R. Michael Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Microbial development in distillers wet grains produced during fuel ethanol production from corn (Zea mays) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofuel; distillers grain; ethanol production; microorganisms; microbiology ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; DRIED GRAINS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; SOLUBLES AB Distillers grains are coproduced with ethanol and carbon dioxide during the production of fuel ethanol from the dry milling and fermentation of corn grain, yet there is little basic microbiological information on these materials. We undertook a replicated field study of the microbiology of distillers wet grains (DWG) over a 9 day period following their production at an industrial fuel ethanol plant. Freshly produced DWG had a pH of about 4.4, a moisture content of about 53.5% (wet mass basis), and 4 x 10(5) total yeast cells/g dry mass, of which about 0.1% were viable. Total bacterial cells were initially below detection limits (ca. 10(6) cells/g dry mass) and then were estimated to be similar to 5 x 10(7) cells/g dry mass during the first 4 days following production. Culturable aerobic heterotrophic organisms (fungi plus bacteria) ranged between 10(4) and 10(5) CFU/g dry mass during the initial 4 day period, and lactic acid bacteria increased from 36 to 103 CFU/g dry mass over this same period. At 9 days, total viable bacteria and yeasts and (or) molds topped 10(8) CFU/g dry mass and lactic acid bacteria approached 10(6) CFU/g dry mass. Community phospholipid fatty acid analysis indicated a stable microbial community over the first 4 days of storage. Thirteen morphologically distinct isolates were recovered, of which 10 were yeasts and molds from 6 different genera, 2 were strains of the lactic-acid-producing Pediococcus pentosaceus and only one was an aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Micrococcus luteus. The microbiology of DWG is fundamental to the assessment of spoilage, deleterious effects (e.g., toxins), or beneficial effects (e.g., probiotics) in its use as feed or in alternative applications. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lehman, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM mlehman@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178; Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1046 EP 1052 DI 10.1139/W07-073 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 229MD UT WOS:000250807200003 PM 18026225 ER PT J AU Wanner, LA AF Wanner, Leslie A. TI High proportions of nonpathogenic Streptomyces are associated with common scab-resistant potato lines and less severe disease SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptomyces scabies; Solanum tuberosum; soil microbial ecology; pathogenicity island ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; PLANT-PATHOGENIC STREPTOMYCES; NETTED SCAB; BIOCONTROL; LESIONS; TUBERS; SPP.; ROOT; PCR; RETICULISCABIEI AB Streptomyces isolates were obtained from potato tubers with common scab lesions from 2 fields over a 3 year period in Minnesota and a 5 year period in Maine. Isolates were obtained from different potato cultivars or breeding lines and types of scab lesions. A majority of isolates could be classified as putative pathogens based on the presence of genes for biosynthesis of the pathogenicity determinant, thaxtomin, but large numbers of streptomycetes lacking genes for thaxtomin biosynthesis (presumably nonpathogenic) were also recovered. Most Streptomyces isolates recovered from raised and pitted lesions were pathogens, whereas mostly nonpathogenic isolates were recovered from unblemished potato skin or nonscab lesions. Fewer pathogenic than nonpathogenic isolates were recovered from the most resistant potato lines. The proportion and diversity of nonpathogenic isolates recovered was higher in Maine than in Minnesota. The association between greater numbers of nonpathogenic Streptomyces and less severe common scab suggests that the interaction between plant genotype and Streptomyces microbial community is important in determining the severity of common scab on potato, and emphasizes the role of complex interactions between plants and microbial populations on and near plant roots in plant disease outcomes. C1 USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wanner, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Leslie.Wanner@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1062 EP 1075 DI 10.1139/W07-061 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 229MD UT WOS:000250807200005 PM 18026227 ER PT J AU Waters, DJ Shen, S Xu, H Kengeri, SS Cooley, DM Chiang, EC Chen, Y Schlittler, D Oteham, C Combs, GF Glickman, LT Morris, JS Bostwick, DG AF Waters, David J. Shen, Shuren Xu, Huiping Kengeri, Seema S. Cooley, Dawn M. Chiang, Emily C. Chen, Yu Schlittler, Deborah Oteham, Carol Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Glickman, Lawrence T. Morris, J. Steven Bostwick, David G. TI Noninvasive prediction of prostatic DNA damage by oxidative stress challenge of peripheral blood lymphocytes SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID COMET ASSAY; BREAST-CANCER; MUTAGEN SENSITIVITY; REPAIR CAPACITY; SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY SELENIUM; CANINE PROSTATE; CELL-LINES; RISK; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB To move closer to the goal of individualized risk prediction for prostate cancer, we used an in vivo canine model to evaluate whether the susceptibility of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to oxidative stress-induced DNA damage could identify those individuals with the highest prostatic DNA damage. This hypothesis was tested in a population of 69 elderly male beagle dogs after they had completed a 7-month randomized feeding trial to achieve the broad range of dietary selenium status observed in U.S. men. The alkaline Comet assay was used to directly compare the extent of DNA damage in PBLs with prostatic DNA damage in each dog. Using stepwise logistic regression, the sensitivity of PBLs to oxidative stress challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) predicted dogs in the highest tertile of prostatic DNA damage. Dogs with PBLs highly sensitive to H2O2 were 7.6 times [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.5-38.3] more likely to have high prostatic DNA damage than those in the H2O2-resistant group. This risk stratification was observed in multivariate analysis that considered other factors that might influence DNA damage, such as age, toenail selenium concentration, and serum testosterone concentration. Our data show that the sensitivity of PBLs to oxidative stress challenge, but not endogenous DNA damage in PBLs, provides a noninvasive surrogate marker for prostatic DNA damage. These findings lend support to the concept that oxidative stress contributes to genotoxic damage, and that oxidative stress challenge may stratify men for prostate cancer risk. C1 Murphy Canc Fdn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Gerald P Murphy Canc Fdn, W Lafayette, IN USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Bostwick Lab, Richmond, VA USA. RP Waters, DJ (reprint author), Murphy Canc Fdn, 3000 Kent Ave,Suite E2-100, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM waters@purdue.edu NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1906 EP 1910 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0034 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 213CN UT WOS:000249643600032 PM 17855713 ER PT J AU Hudson, TS Hartle, DK Hursting, SD Nunez, NP Wang, TTY Young, HA Arany, P Green, JE AF Hudson, Tamaro S. Hartle, Diane K. Hursting, Stephen D. Nunez, Nomeli P. Wang, Thomas T. Y. Young, Heather A. Arany, Praveen Green, Jeffrey E. TI Inhibition of prostate cancer growth by muscadine grape skin extract and resveratrol through distinct mechanisms SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAT MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS; CARCINOMA DU145 CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; CYCLE ARREST; IN-VIVO; APOPTOSIS; JUICE; INDUCTION; LINES; IDENTIFICATION AB The phytochemical resveratrol contained in red grapes has been shown to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth, in part, through its antioxidant activity. Muscadine grapes contain unique phytochemical constituents compared with other grapes and are potentially a source for novel compounds with antitumor activities. We compared the antitumor activities of muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE), which we show contains no resveratrol, with that of resveratrol using primary cultures of normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) and the prostate cancer cell lines RWPE-1, WPE1-NA22, WPE1-NB14, and WPE1-NB26, representing different stages of prostate cancer progression. MSKE significantly inhibite tumor cell growth in all transformed prostate cancer cell lines but not PrEC cells. Prostate tumor cell lines, but not PrEC cells, exhibited high rates of apoptosis in response to MSKE through targeting of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase survival pathways. The reduction in Akt activity by MSKE is mediated through a reduction in Akt transcription, enhanced proteosome degradation of Akt, and altered levels of DJ-I, a known regulator of PTEN. In contrast to MSKE, resveratrol did not induce apoptosis in this model but arrested cells at the G(1)-S phase transition of the cell cycle associated with increased expression of p21 and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 proteins. These results show that MSKE and resveratrol target distinct pathways to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth in this system and that the unique properties of MSKE suggest that it may be an important source for further development of chemopreventive or therapeutic agents against prostate cancer. C1 NCI, Lab Cellular Regulat & Carcinogenesis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA USA. Univ Texas, Div Nutr Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Green, JE (reprint author), NCI, Lab Cellular Regulat & Carcinogenesis, NIH, Bldg 41,Room C619, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jegreen@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 37 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 17 BP 8396 EP 8405 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4069 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 209RW UT WOS:000249406700060 PM 17804756 ER PT J AU James, LA Watson, DG Hansen, WF AF James, L. Allan Watson, Darrell Glen Hansen, William F. TI Using LiDAR data to map gullies and headwater streams under forest canopy: South Carolina, USA SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Geomorphology CY SEP 06-11, 2005 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN DE gully morphology; airborne laser scanning; LiDAR mapping; forest channel networks; soil erosion; South Carolina Piedmont ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; CHANNEL NETWORKS; TERRAIN MODELS; LASER; INFORMATION; EROSION; MANAGEMENT; MORPHOLOGY; DEMS AB The southeastern Piedmont of the USA was severely gullied during the early 20th century. A thick canopy established by reforestation in many areas now inhibits the identification or mapping of gullies by aerial photography or other conventional remote sensing methods. An Airborne Laser-Scanning (ALS or LiDAR) mapping mission flown for the U.S. Forest Service in April, 2004 acquired bare-Earth topographic data. This paper tests the ability of the ALS topographic data to identify headwater channels and gullies for two branching gully systems in forested areas and to extract gully morphologic information. Comparisons are made with field traverses using differential GPS and reference cross sections measured by leveling surveys. At the gully network scale, LiDAR data provide accurate maps - the best available with robust detection of small gullies except where they are narrow or parallel and closely spaced. Errors in mapping channel location and network topological connectivity under forest canopy increase with attempts to identify smaller features such as large rills. The ability of LiDAR data to map gullies and channels in a forested landscape should improve channel-network maps and topological models. At the gully reach scale, attempts to use LiDAR data to extract gully cross-section morphologic information under forest canopy were less successful due to systematic underestimation of gully depths and overestimation of gully top widths. Limited morphologic accuracy of the data set at this scale may be due to low bare-Earth point densities, shadowing of gully bottoms, and filtering of topographic discontinuities during post-processing. The ALS data used in this study are not suitable for detailed morphometric analysis or subtle change detection to monitor gullies or develop sediment budgets. Data collection may be improved by orienting flights over gullies and with increased point densities through improved scanner technology or better filtering and software capabilities to differentiate between vegetation and ground surfaces. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Forest Serv, Columbia, SC 29212 USA. RP James, LA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM Ajames@sc.edu RI James, L. Allan/J-6206-2015 OI James, L. Allan/0000-0002-2623-1216 NR 60 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 SI SI BP 132 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.10.010 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 207MY UT WOS:000249256400014 ER PT J AU Chevanan, N Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Chevanan, Nehru Rosentrater, Kurt A. Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan TI Twin-screw extrusion processing of feed blends containing distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS) SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN STARCH; COOKING; PROTEIN; PRODUCTS; VISCOSITY; MOISTURE; EXTRUDER; FLOUR; DDGS AB Extrusion trials were conducted with varying levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) along with soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, vitamin mix. mineral mix, and net protein content adjusted to 28% using a Wenger TX-52 twin-screw extruder. The properties of extrudates were studied in experiments conducted using a full-factorial design with three levels of DDGS content, two levels of moisture content, and two levels of screw speed. Increasing the DDGS content from 20 to 60% resulted in a 36.7% decrease in the radial expansion, leading to a 159 and 61.4% increase in the unit density and bulk density of the extrudates, respectively. Increasing the DDGS content resulted in a significant increase in the water absorption index (WAI) but a significant decrease in the water solubility index (WSI) of the extrudates. Changing the screw speed and moisture content had no significant effect on the radial expansion ratio but resulted in a significant difference in the bulk density of the extrudates, which may be due to the occurrence of longitudinal expansion. Even though changing the moisture content and screw speed had no significant effect on the WSI of the extrudates, significant differences in the WAI of the extrudates were observed. The ingredient components in the blend and moisture content had an influence on the color changes of the extrudates, as did the biochemical changes occurring inside the barrel during processing. Overall, it was determined that DDGS could be included at a rate of up to 60% using twin-screw extrusion, and that viable pelleted floating feeds can be produced. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 51 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-5-0428 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 216YA UT WOS:000249913700002 ER PT J AU Thomason, WE Phillips, SB Pridgen, TH Kenner, JC Griffey, CA Beahm, BR Seabourn, BW AF Thomason, W. E. Phillips, S. B. Pridgen, T. H. Kenner, J. C. Griffey, C. A. Beahm, B. R. Seabourn, B. W. TI Managing nitrogen and sulfur fertilization for improved bread wheat quality in humid environments SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; RED SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN PROTEIN; BREADMAKING QUALITY; MIXING REQUIREMENTS; IRRIGATED WHEAT; BAKING QUALITY; YIELD; CULTIVARS AB A large proportion of the wheat (Tritictnn aestivuin L.) milled and utilized by bakeries in the eastern United States is hard red winter wheat (HRWW). Potential for producing this higher value commodity in the eastern United States is dependent on availability of adapted HRWW cultivars that are competitive with soft red winter wheat (SRWW) cultivars and implementation of management systems to enhance end-use quality. The effects of late-season nitrogen (N) (0-45 kg of N/ha) applied at two growth stages (GS 45 and 54) and sulfur (S) (0-34 kg of S/ha) applied at GS 30 on grain. flour, and milling and breadbaking quality were evaluated. Three diverse wheat cultivars (Soissons. Heyne, and Renwood 3260) were studied in two to five environments. Application of S and late-season N had little effect on grain yield. But N consistently increased grain and flour protein as well as bread loaf volume. The magnitude and significance of response to N and S varied by location and cultivar. While S alone did not have a significant effect on grain protein, S availability was critical in obtaining increased grain protein. Breadbaking quality of HRWW cultivars produced in the eastern United States can be improved through implementation of nutrient management approaches that include late-season application of 34-45 kg of N/ha and addition of S, particularly on sandy soils where S availability in the subsoil is low. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Crop Improvement Assoc, Mechanicsville, VA USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Thomason, WE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wthomaso@vt.edu NR 46 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 450 EP 462 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-5-0450 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 216YA UT WOS:000249913700005 ER PT J AU Flores, RA Hicks, KB Wilson, J AF Flores, Rolando A. Hicks, Kevin B. Wilson, Jhanel TI Surface abrasion of hulled and hulless barley: Physical characterization of the milled fractions SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AIR CLASSIFICATION; BETA-GLUCAN; LESS BARLEY; STARCH; SCARIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; ENRICHMENT; SORGHUM; GRITS; OIL AB Abrasion techniques were used to remove the hull and pericarp layers of barley kernels to obtain a smaller kernel enriched in endosperm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fractions produced by two alternative abrading systems on four barley cultivars for potential use in fuel ethanol processes that feature an upstream (of the fermentation) dry fractionation system. Four barley cultivars, two hulled (Thoroughbred and Nomini) and two hulless (Doyce and Merlin), were scarified and whitened at 22 scarification times and three milling degrees (settings 2, 4, and 6), respectively. Three different abrasive surfaces (36, 40, and 50 grit) were used in the scarifier to determine the material removal ratio for each barley cultivar. Material balances and color analyses were conducted for all of the fractions produced. Three fractions were produced with the whitener at each milling degree: broken kernels, fine fractions > 323 mu m, and fine fractions < 323 mu m. Setting #2 seems to be the milling level that releases most of the hull in the hulled barley with the whitener. After 50 sec of scarification, rougher surfaces produced more fine material (< 1,410 mu m diameter) and consequently less coarse material (> 1,410 mu m diameter). A lower grit (36 grit) abrasive surface induced faster hull removal in hulled barley. Color parameters L* and b* were good indicators of the fine and coarse fractions produced by abrasive methods because they indicate the kernel layer removed and were modeled as a function of the fraction of the material produced. The information obtained in this study has application in designing processes capable of removing and recovering hull and pericarp layers of barley kernels and thereby producing smaller kernels or kernel pieces containing mainly endosperm tissue. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Flores, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rflores2@unl.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 485 EP 491 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-5-0485 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 216YA UT WOS:000249913700009 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Cao, TK Orts, WJ AF Robertson, George H. Cao, Trung K. Orts, William J. TI Wheat proteins extracted from flour and batter with aqueous ethanol at subambient temperatures SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTION; VEGETABLE OILS; COLD-ETHANOL; GLIADINLIKE PROTEINS; WATER DISPLACEMENT; GLUTEN SEPARATION; WHOLE CORN; STARCH; SOLUBILITY AB Contact of wheat flour with aqueous ethanol may enrich protein by starch displacement or deplete protein by extraction depending on 1) extraction conditions and 2) the form of the substrate. Extraction at subambient temperatures has not been described for specific gliadins for either dry flour with the protein in native configurations or for wet, developed batter or dough. This limits the ability to interpret technologies such as the cold-ethanol method. Here, we describe specific albumin and gliadin composition of flour extracts by capillary zone electrophoresis CZE in 0-100% (v/v) ethanol from -12 to 22 degrees C. Extraction was reduced for albumin and gliadin protein as the temperature was reduced and the concentration range for extraction narrowed. Extraction dropped precipitously between 0 and -7 degrees C for both albumins and gliadins. Electrophoretically defined gliadins extracted in constant proportion at 22 degrees C and 3080%(v/v) ethanol, but at lower temperature, the alpha-gliadins were enriched and beta-gliadins depleted in the 30-55% (v/v) range. For extracts from wheat flour batter, depletion of alpha and beta and enrichment of gamma relative to the dry flour contact suggested that the electrophoretically slow migrating gamma-and omega-proteins are less well incorporated to the dough matrix than electrophoretically fast migrating alpha and beta types. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grobertson@pw.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 497 EP 501 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-5-0497 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 216YA UT WOS:000249913700011 ER PT J AU Shih, F King, J Daigle, K An, HJ Ali, R AF Shih, F. King, J. Daigle, K. An, H.-J. Ali, R. TI Physicochemical properties of rice starch modified by hydrothermal treatments SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; HEAT-MOISTURE-TREATMENT; SWEET-POTATO STARCH; PASTING PROPERTIES; MAIZE STARCHES; X-RAY; CRYSTALLINE; GELATINIZATION; WHEAT; TUBER AB Rice starches of long grain and waxy cultivars were annealed (ANN) in excess water at 50 C for 4 hr. They were also modified under heat-moisture treatment (HMT) conditions at 110 degrees C with various moisture contents (20, 30, and 40%) for 8 hr. The modified products were analyzed by rapid-viscosity analysis (RVA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Generally, these hydrothermal treatments altered the pasting and gelling properties of rice starch, resulting in lower viscosity peak heights, lower setbacks, and greater swelling consistency. The modified starch showed increased gelatinization temperatures and narrower gelatinization temperature ranges on ANN or broader ones on HMT. The effects were more pronounced for HMT than for ANN. Also, the typical A-type XRD pattern for rice starch remained unchanged after ANN or HMT at low moisture contents, and the amorphous content increased after HMT at 40% moisture content. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Shih, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-5-0527 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 216YA UT WOS:000249913700017 ER PT J AU Gao, S Tanji, KK Dahlgren, RA Ryu, J Herbel, MJ Higashi, RM AF Gao, S. Tanji, K. K. Dahlgren, R. A. Ryu, J. Herbel, M. J. Higashi, R. M. TI Chemical status of selenium in evaporation basins for disposal of agricultural drainage SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE selenium speciation; agricultural drainage disposal; evaporation basin; selenium toxicity; San Joaquin valley water quality ID THROUGH WETLAND SYSTEM; SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS; SOILS; FRACTIONATION; EXTRACTION; REMOVAL; TRANSFORMATIONS; SELENATE; WATERS AB Evaporation basins (or ponds) are the most commonly used facilities for disposal of selenium-laden saline agricultural drainage in the closed hydrologic basin portion of the San Joaquin Valley, California. However concerns remain for potential risk from selenium (Se) toxicity to water fowl in these evaporation basins. In this study, we examined the chemical status of Se in both waters and sediments in two currently operating evaporation pond facilities in the Tulare Lake Drainage District. Some of the saline ponds have been colonized by brine-shrimp (Artemia), which have been harvested since 2001. We evaluated Se concentration and speciation, including selenate [Sc(VI)], selenite [Se(IV)], and organic Se [org-Se or Se(-II)] in waters and sediment extracts, and fractionation (soluble, adsorbed, organic matter (OM) -associated, and Se(0) and other resistant forms) in sediments and organic-rich surface detrital layers from the decay of algal blooms. Selenium in ponds without vascular plants exhibited similar behavior to wetlands with vascular plant present, indicating that similar Se transformation processes and mechanisms had resulted in Se immobilization and an increase of reduced Se species [Sc(IV), org-Se, and Se(0)] from Se(VI)-dominated input waters. Selenium concentrations in most pond waters were significantly lower than the influent drainage water. This decrease of dissolved Se concentration was accompanied by the increase of reduced, Se species. Selenium accumulated preferentially in sediments of the initial pond cell receiving drainage water. Brine-shrimp harvesting activities did not affect Se speciation but may have reduced Se accumulation in surface detrital and sediments. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Chem, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM sgao@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 214YU UT WOS:000249775100011 PM 17459453 ER PT J AU Griffin, TS Hutchinson, M AF Griffin, T. S. Hutchinson, M. TI Compost maturity effects on nitrogen and carbon mineralization and plant growth SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL; INCUBATION; STABILITY; MANURES; TRANSFORMATION; BIOSOLIDS; DAIRY AB Improved predictive relationships between compost maturity and nitrogen (N) availability are needed. A total of 13 compost samples were collected from a single windrow over a 91 d period. Compost stability and maturity were assessed using both standard chemical analyses (total C and N, mineral N, total volatile solids) and other methods (CO evolution, commercial maturity kits, and neutral detergent fiber, and lignin). Compost N and carbon (C-2) were evaluated during a 130 d aerobic incubation in a sandy loam soil after each compost was applied at 200 mg total kg(-1) soil. The effect of compost maturity on plant growth was evaluated by growing two ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) crops and one barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop in succession in compost-amended soil under greenhouse conditions. Potential phytotoxicity from compost was assessed by growing tomato (Lypersicum esculentum L.) seedlings in compost-amended soil. Regression and correlation analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between compost maturity parameters, the rate and extent of net N and C mineralization, plant yield and N uptake, and phytotoxicity. Commonly used maturity parameters like total C, total N, and C:N ratio were poorly correlated with the rate and extent of mineralization, and with plant growth parameters. The N mineralization rate during the first 48 d of aerobic incubation was strongly correlated (r= -0.82 to -0.86) to compost fiber and lignin concentration, and to the Maturity Index (r=0.85). Trends in C mineralization were similar. There were few differences in C mineralization between composts after 48 d of aerobic incubation in soil. Ryegrass harvested 35 and 70 d after compost application was not strongly affected by compost maturity, and relatively immature composts were phytotoxic to tomato seedlings. Methods of characterizing compost maturity and stability that more realistically reflect the composting process are better predictors of N release and potential plant inhibition after incorporation into soil. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine Cooperat Extens, Waldoboro, ME USA. RP Griffin, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 25 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 228 EP 236 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 238JR UT WOS:000251444200003 ER PT J AU Kronholm, K Birkeland, KW AF Kronholm, Kalle Birkeland, Karl W. TI Reliability of sampling designs for spatial snow surveys SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE random fields; spatial prediction; simulation; geostatistics; snow cover ID SHEAR-STRENGTH; VARIABILITY; LAYERS; RESISTANCE; STABILITY; SLOPES; SCALE AB Spatial patterns are an inherent property of most naturally occurring materials at a large range of scales. To describe spatial patterns in the field, several observations are made according to a certain sampling design. The spatial structure can be described by the sentivariogram range, and nugget and sill variances. We test how reliably seven sampling designs estimate these parameters for simulated spatial fields with predefined spatial structures using a Monte Carlo approach. Five designs have been used previously in the field for snow cover sampling, whereas two designs with semi-random sampling locations have not been used in the field. The designs include 84-159 sampling locations covering small mountain slopes typical of snow avalanche terrain. The results from the simulations show that all designs: (a) give reasonably unbiased estimates of the semivariogram parameters when averaged over many simulations, and (b) show considerable spread in the semivariogram parameter estimates, causing large uncertainty in the semivariogram estimates. Our results suggest that any comparisons of the estimated sentivariogram parameters made with the sampling designs will be associated with large uncertainties. To remedy this, we suggest that optimal sampling designs for sampling slope scale snow cover parameters must include more sampling locations and a stratified randomized sampling design in the future. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. RP Kronholm, K (reprint author), Norwegian Geotech Inst, Int Ctr Geohazards, POB 3930 Ullevaal Stad, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. EM kalle.kronholm@ngi.no; kbirkeland@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1097 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.10.004 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 202IH UT WOS:000248894700001 ER PT J AU Monfort, WS Csinos, AS Desaeger, J Seebold, K Webster, TM Diaz-Perez, JC AF Monfort, W. S. Csinos, A. S. Desaeger, J. Seebold, K. Webster, T. M. Diaz-Perez, J. C. TI Evaluating Brassica species as an alternative control measure for root-knot nematode (M-incognita) in Georgia vegetable plasticulture SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE glucosinolates; isothiocynates; brassica species; root-knot nematode; vegetable plasticulture; methyl bromide ID GLUCOSINOLATE-PROFILES; METHYL-BROMIDE; SOIL; TISSUES; CROPS AB Multiple Brassica species commonly grown in Georgia were evaluated as a potential alternative to methyl bromide for management of root-knot nematode in vegetables. Brassica species produce general biocides called glucosinolates and were grown as cover crops and incorporated as green manures prior to transplanting of vegetable crop. Nematicidal activity of the Brassica species was based on net changes in nematode population and root damage caused by root-knot infection and feeding. Plant growth and crop yield was also evaluated to determine the response of the subsequent vegetable crop to the incorporated Brassica species. Incorporation of select Brassica species reduced root-knot populations and root damage caused by root-knot infection comparable to non-Brassica species cover crops with metam sodium in most years; however, the level and consistency of the nematicidal activity varied between and within Brassica species. Variations in plant growth and yield were also observed among and with Brassica and non-Brassica species. Generally, increased growth and yield corresponded with cover crop treatments that had the lowest levels of root-knot nematode populations at planting of the subsequent crop. Several cover crop treatments had a negative affect on the growth and yield potential of the vegetable crops. Therefore, a producer will need to choose a Brassica species cover crop that can significantly reduce nematode populations without adversely affecting the growth/yield of the subsequent vegetable crop. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Stine Haskell, Dupont Crop Protect, Newark, DE 19711 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Monfort, WS (reprint author), Extens Plant Pathol Rice Res & Extens Ctr, 2900 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR USA. EM smonfort@uaex.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; Diaz-Perez, Juan/D-7642-2014 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Diaz-Perez, Juan/0000-0002-4474-6715 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1359 EP 1368 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.11.008 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 214NF UT WOS:000249744300003 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Starr, GC Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS Lambert, DH AF Olanya, O. M. Starr, G. C. Honeycutt, C. W. Griffin, T. S. Lambert, D. H. TI Microclimate and potential for late blight development in irrigated potato SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE irrigation treatments; microclimate; potato; late blight potential; simulation model; maine ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; WATER MANAGEMENT; LATEBLIGHT MODEL; SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE; ANDES; YIELD AB Application of irrigation water can improve potato growth and tuber yield during periods of deficit rainfall. A variety of water application techniques exist; however, little is known of their relative impacts on potato late blight potential. The effects of sprinkler, subsurface drip, and surface drip irrigation treatments on microclimate and potential for late blight development were evaluated on Russet Burbank potato over three growing seasons in central Maine. Leaf wetness, air temperature, relative humidity (RH), rainfall and soil temperature were recorded each year. The potential for late blight was assessed with a late blight simulation model. Leaf wetness and RH peaked during night hours, while canopy and soil temperatures were lowest during the same hours. Comparison of observed and simulated blight development revealed a good prediction of potato late blight by the simulation model. The onset of simulated blight severity and final predicted disease level differed among years. Slight differences in simulated disease levels were sometimes observed between irrigated and non-irrigated treatments; however, irrigation application method did not consistently impact microclimatic parameters associated with late blight development. These results indicate that microclimate conducive to late blight development was less impacted by irrigation treatments than by local macroclimatic conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1412 EP 1421 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.002 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 214NF UT WOS:000249744300010 ER PT J AU Nietschke, BS Magarey, RD Borchert, DM Calvin, DD Jones, E AF Nietschke, Brett S. Magarey, Roger D. Borchert, Daniel M. Calvin, Dennis D. Jones, Edward TI A developmental database to support insect phenology models SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE insect development; temperature; degree-day; development thresholds; phenology model; decision support system AB insect phenology models are widely used for decision support in pest management and more recently in phytosanitary risk assessments. The development of generic and flexible modeling tools means that phenology models can be quickly created using an insect's developmental threshold temperatures and degree-day requirements. To assist scientists and field practioners in the rapid development and deployment of phenology models, an Insect Development Database containing the developmental requirements for over 500 insect species was created. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Magarey, RD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, 1730 Varsity Dr,Suite 110, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Roger.D.Magarey@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1444 EP 1448 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.006 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 214NF UT WOS:000249744300014 ER PT J AU Wedge, DE Smith, BJ Quebedeauxc, JP Constantinc, RJ AF Wedge, David E. Smith, Barbara J. Quebedeauxc, Joey P. Constantinc, Roysell J. TI Fungicide management strategies for control of strawberry fruit rot diseases in Louisiana and Mississippi SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE fragaria x ananassa; colletotrichum acutatum; gnomonia comari; botrytis cinerea; anthracnose fruit rot; stem-end rot; botrytis fruit rot; pathogen resistance management AB Sixteen fungicide treatments were evaluated for control of strawberry fruit diseases in five fungicide studies conducted at Hammond, LA and Poplarville, MS during the 2002, 2003 and 2005 fruiting seasons. The most frequent fruit rots at harvest were anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, stem-end rot caused by Gnomonia comari, and Botrytis fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea. Fungicides from seven groups were shown to be effective for control of strawberry fruit rot diseases in these trials, and the commercial combination fungicides were often the most effective. In at least two trials when compared to the untreated control, total fruit rot was less on berries from the pyraclostrobin + boscalid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, fenhexamid + captan, and captan treatments; anthracnose fruit rot was less on berries from the cyprodinil + fludioxonil and azoxystrobin treatments; and stem-end rot was less on berries from the cyprodinil + fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, captan, azoxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin treatments. While low in all trials, a significant reduction in Botrytis fruit rot incidence occurred in four trials. Berries from the cyprodinil + fludioxonil, fenhexamid, fenhexamid + captan, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, captan, pyrimethanil, and azoxystrobin treatments had the lowest incidence of Botrytis fruit rot. Efficacious fungicides from various FRAC groups will provide strawberry growers with more options for controlling diseases while managing fungicide resistance. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Hammond Res Stn, Hammond, LA 70403 USA. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 38677 USA. EM dwedge@oleiniss.edu NR 13 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1449 EP 1458 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.2007 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 214NF UT WOS:000249744300015 ER PT J AU Bullock, DS Kitchen, N Bullock, DG AF Bullock, David S. Kitchen, Newell Bullock, Donald G. TI Multidisciplinary teams: A necessity for research in precision agriculture systems SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN QUALITY DATA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FIELD TOPOGRAPHY; CORN; AUTHORSHIP AB Precision agriculture may offer great promise for the future, but extensive research is required if that promise is to be realized. The research will not be easy, for few, if any, individuals have sufficiently broad training in the many disciplines (e.g., economics, engineering, crop and soil sciences, pest management) required to design the experiments, interpret the data, and ultimately provide answers for the practical, economically oriented farm management questions being asked. We are convinced that many experiments would benefit, as ours did, from collaborative research conducted by multidisciplinary teams. From our effort, we learned much about the nature of precision agriculture, but we also learned about the nature of research and the value of expertise outside of our own areas. In the case of the former, we learned that precision agriculture is highly dependent on, and perhaps even defined by, engineering technology, but the profitable use of the technology depends on a thorough understanding of the physical and biological factors of the field and crop. It appears that much of the technology is only profitable when a producer possess very detailed field characteristic information. Unfortunately, the level of information required may be impossible to obtain for many of the proposed uses of precision agriculture technology. In the latter case, we gained an appreciation of the skills and expertise of those from other disciplines. We believe that multidisciplinary teams are a necessity for this work, and we recommend that the existing research community recognize this need and provide rewards for participation in interdisciplinary research. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bullock, DG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dbullock@uiuc.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1769 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0280 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800001 ER PT J AU Robertson-Hoyt, LA Kleinschmidt, CE White, DG Payne, GA Maragos, CM Holland, JB AF Robertson-Hoyt, Leilani A. Kleinschmidt, Craig E. White, Don G. Payne, Gary A. Maragos, Chris M. Holland, James B. TI Relationships of resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination with agronomic performance of maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CORN; MONILIFORME; POPULATIONS; CANCER; BIAS AB Resistance to Fusarium ear rot [caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (synonym F. moniliforme Sheldon) (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis) and F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (teleomorph: G. intermedia)] and fumonisin contamination is heritable and controlled by at least 11 gene regions in a maize (Zea mays L.) population created by backcrossing the highly resistant donor line, GE440, to the susceptible but commercially successful recurrent parent line, FR1064. The relationship between resistances to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination and agronomic performance has not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between disease resistance and agronomic utility in this population by measuring resistances to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination in BC1F1:2 lines, and yield and agronomic performance in topcrosses of these lines. Fumonisin contami-1, nation was not correlated with yield, but two fumonisin quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapped to similar positions as yield QTL. Fusarium ear rot had a small positive correlation with topcross yield (r = 0.29), but QTL for the two traits mapped to distinct genomic positions. Similar results for other traits indicate that QTL can contribute in opposite directions to the overall genetic correlations between traits and that some trait correlations arise in the absence of detectable QTL effects on both traits. In general, no strong relationships were observed between disease resistance traits and agronomic traits, thus selection for increased resistance should not unduly affect agronomic performance. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1770 EP 1778 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0676 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800002 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Shang, C Maroof, MAS Biyashev, RM Grabau, EA Kwanyuen, P Burton, JW Buss, GR AF Gao, Y. Shang, C. Maroof, M. A. Saghal Biyashev, R. M. Grabau, E. A. Kwanyuen, P. Burton, J. W. Buss, G. R. TI A modified colorimetric method for phytic acid analysis in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTATE DETERMINATION; PHOSPHORUS; PRODUCTS; FOODS; SEEDS AB A quantitative, reproducible, and efficient phytic acid assay procedure is needed to screen breeding populations and support genetic studies in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objective of this study was to modify the colorimetric Wade reagent method and compare the accuracy and applicability of this new method in determining seed phytic acid content in soybean with three well-established phytic acid assay methods: anion exchange column (AEC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The CV for repeated measurements of a low phytic acid soybean mutant, CX1834-1-6, ranged from 1.8 to 4.2% (n = 5), indicating the results were precise and reproducible. Phytic acid content of 42 soybean genotypes as determined by this method showed a correlation of 93.7 to 96.6% with the measurements by AEC, HPLC, and NMR. According to analysis of covariance, using inorganic P content as a predictor, phytic acid P content in a given sample analyzed by the four assay methods can be estimated with four linear regression models at the (x = 0.01 level. Compared with HPLC, AEC, and P-11 NMR, this modified colorimetric method is simpler and less expensive for assaying a large number of samples, allowing its effective application in breeding and genetic studies of low phytic acid soybean. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Maroof, MAS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM smaroof@vt.edu NR 21 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1797 EP 1803 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.03.0122 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800005 ER PT J AU Cardinal, AJ Burton, JW AF Cardinal, Andrea J. Burton, Joseph W. TI Correlations between palmitate content and agronomic traits in soybean populations segregating for the fap1, fap(nc), and fan Alleles SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID CONTENT; SEED OIL; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; SELECTION; MUTANTS; LINES AB Palmitate is the predominant saturated fatty acid in soybean oil. Major fap alleles that reduce, palmitate content in seed oil also reduce seed, yield. Breeders are interested in estimating the genotypic correlation between palmitate, content and agronomic traits to predict unfavorable correlated responses to selection. The main objective of this study was to estimate the genotypic 1 and phenotypic correlations between palmitate and linolenate contents and other traits in three populations segregating for the fap(nc), tap1, and fan alleles and modifier genes. The populations derived from crosses of. high-yielding lines and I improved low-palmitate and low-linolenate lines were grown in replicated trials in three environments. Significant positive genetic correlations between palmitate and yield and between palmitate and plant height were observed in all three populations. Linolenate content was genetically positively correlated with lodging in two populations and negatively correlated with oil content in three populations. Our results support the observation that the major fap(nc) or fap1 or both alleles reduced plant height and had a major negative effect on, yield. These effects could be due to pleiotropy or linkage with unfavorable yield or height genes. The relative importance of pleiotropy and linkage has very different implications for oil quality breeding. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Cardinal, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM andrea_cardirlal@ncsu.edu NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1804 EP 1812 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.09.0577 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800006 ER PT J AU Wooten, DR Livingston, DP Jellen, EN Boren, KJ Marshall, DS Murphy, JP AF Wooten, David R. Livingston, David P., III Jellen, Eric N. Boren, Kathryn J. Marshall, David S. Murphy, J. Paul TI An intergenomic reciprocal translocation associated with oat winter hardiness component traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; HEXAPLOID OAT; FREEZING TOLERANCE; FLOWERING TIME; WHEAT; MAP; WINTERHARDINESS; VERNALIZATION; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM AB The reciprocal intergenomic translocation between hexaploid oat (Avena sp.) chromosomes 7C and 17 (T7C-17) has been associated with the division of cultivated oat into A. sativa L. and A. byzantina K. Koch species and differences in crown freezing tolerance and winter field survival., The objectives of this experiment were: (i) to validate the, association of T7C-17 with crown freezing tolerance and winter field survival in a population derived from a cross of the non-winter-hardy 'Fulghum' (non-T7C-17) with winter-hardy 'Norline' (T7C-17); (ii) to determine if preferential selection for T7C-17 occurred during inbreeding; and (iii) to examine the association of T7C-17.,with the winter hardiness component traits heading date, plant height, and vernalization and photoperiod responses. Crown freezing tolerance and vernalization and photoperiod responses were evaluated in controlled environment studies. Heading date, plant height, and winter field survival were evaluated in field experiments during two seasons. The presence of the translocation was associated with greater crown freezing tolerance, winter field survival, and days to flowering. Translocation status was not associated with vernalization and photoperiod responses or plant height. The T7C-17/non-T7C-17, segregation ratio was 2:1. These results confirmed the importance of T7C-17 in conferring winter hardiness traits in winter oat and preferential selection for the translocation during inbreeding. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paul_murphy@ncsu.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1832 EP 1840 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0768 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800009 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Phillips-Mora, W Power, EJ Krol, C Cervantes-Martinez, C Motamayor, JC Schnell, RJ AF Brown, J. Steven Phillips-Mora, Wilbert Power, Emilio J. Krol, Cheryl Cervantes-Martinez, Cuauhtemoc Motamayor, Juan Carlos Schnell, Raymond J. TI Mapping QTLs for resistance to frosty pod and black pod diseases and horticultural traits in Theobroma cacao L. SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; USEFUL GENETIC-MARKERS; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; PHYTOPHTHORA-PALMIVORA; LINKAGE MAP; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; ACCURACY; VALUES AB A heterozygous F-1 mapping population of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) was created and evaluated for resistance to frosty pod [caused by Moniliophthora roreri (Cif. and Par.) Evans et al.], and black pod [caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl.] and for five horticultural traits at CATIE in Turrialba, Costa Rica. The population consisted of 256 F, progeny from the cross 'Pound 7' x 'UF 273'. Progeny were used to form a linkage map using 180 markers. The linkage map contained 10 linkage groups (LGs), numbered as the LG in the cacao reference map, and was used to locate putative quantitative trait loci (QTC) for resistance to the aforementioned diseases and five horticultural traits. Resistance to frosty pod was measured by internal and external pod resistance. Five QTLs for frosty pod resistance were found on three LGs, 2, 7, and 8, with UF 273 appearing to be the source of resistance. These alleles are being used for scoring progeny in ongoing cooperative marker-assisted selection projects, and constitute the first QTLs identified for frosty pod resistance. Three QTLs for black pod resistance were found on LG 4, 8, and 10, with the most favorable alleles coming from Pound 7. One QTL was found on LG 4 for average trunk growth rate, and two QTLs for height of first jorquette were identified on LGs 4 and 6. One QTL each for average trunk diameter growth and pod color was found on LG 4. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr, Turrialba 7170, Costa Rica. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, M & M Mars Inc, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM miajb@ars-grin.gov NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1851 EP 1858 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.11.0753 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800011 ER PT J AU Robinson, AF Bell, AA Dighe, ND Menz, MA Nichols, PL Stelly, DM AF Robinson, A. F. Bell, A. A. Dighe, N. D. Menz, M. A. Nichols, R. L. Stelly, D. M. TI Introgression of resistance to nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis into upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Gossypium longicalyx SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INCOGNITA RACE 3; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; HOST SUITABILITY; GERMPLASM LINES; BREEDING LINES; REGISTRATION; MANAGEMENT; TOLERANCE; MARKERS AB Absence of sources of resistance to the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira, 1940, is a major impediment to the production of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the USA. In this study, two trispecies hybrids of G. hirsutum, G. longicalyx J.B. Hutch, & B.J.S. Lee, and either G. armourianum Kearney or G. herbaceum L. were used as bridges to introgress high resistance to the nematode from G. longicalyx into G. hirsutum. Introgression was accomplished by recurrent backcrosses to G. hirsutum with cytogenetic analysis of early backcross generations to assess progress toward the euploid state (2n = 52), selection for nematode resistance at each generation, and examination of self progeny at the first, third, sixth, and seventh backcross to identify and eliminate lineages with undesired recessive traits. Altogether, 689 BC, progeny were generated from the two male-sterile hybrids. Introgression was pursued from 28 resistant BC, plants, each of which was backcrossed four to seven times to G. hirsutum to derive agronomically suitable types. The resistance trait segregated (resistant/susceptible) 1:1 in backcross progeny and 3:1 in self progeny. There was no obvious diminution of the resistance across backcross generations. Advanced backcross plants were indistinguishable from agronomic cotton under greenhouse conditions, and comparisons of 240 homozygous resistant BC,S, plants with heterozygous, susceptible, and recurrent parent plants in field plantings in 2006 showed normal lint quality and quantity. The upcoming release of seed from this project is expected to provide the cotton industry with a major new tool for managing the reniform nematode in cotton, which costs U.S. producers about $100 million annually. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Robinson, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM frobin-son@cpru.usda.gov OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 51 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1865 EP 1877 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0776 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800013 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Graybosch, RA Funnell, DL AF Pedersen, J. F. Graybosch, R. A. Funnell, D. L. TI Occurrence of the waxy Alleles wx(a) and wx(b) in waxy sorghum plant introductions and their effect on starch thermal properties SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE STARCH; GELATINIZATION; AMYLOPECTIN; AMYLOSE; PROTEIN; LINES; GRAIN AB The existence of two waxy alleles, wx(a) associated with no detectable granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) and wx(b) associated with apparently inactive GBSS, was recently reported in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. In this paper, the occurrence of the wx(a) and wx(b) alleles in the USDA-ARS photoperiod-insensitive sorghum collection was determined, and the effects of the wxa and wxb alleles on thermal properties of sorghum starch (gelatinization temperatures and energy requirements) measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Of the 51 purported waxy accessions examined, 14 tested positive for presence of amylose by iodine staining and were considered to be previously misclassified wildtype lines. Nine accessions were mixed for presence or absence of amylose. Twenty-four of the 28 accessions confirmed to be waxy by negative iodine staining for amylose had no detectable GBSS using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (wx(a)), and four were show to contain GBSS (wx(b)). Mean gelatinization onset, peak, and end temperatures were significantly lower for wild-type than either of the two waxy genotypes. Mean gelatinization onset temperature was slightly higher for waxy-GBSS+ genotypes than waxy-GBSS-genotypes. Mean gelatinization end temperature was slightly higher for waxy-GBSS- genotypes than waxy-GBSS+ genotypes. Significant genetic variation was observed within genotypic classes, suggesting influence of additional modifier genes affecting sorghum starch structure or micro-environmental effects. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Jeff.Pedersen@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1927 EP 1933 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0652 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800019 ER PT J AU Bonman, JM Bockelman, HE Jin, Y Hijmans, RJ Gironella, AIN AF Bonman, J. Michael Bockelman, Harold E. Jin, Yue Hijmans, Robert J. Gironella, Ann Inez N. TI Geographic distribution of stem rust resistance in wheat landraces SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; COMMON WHEAT; VIRULENCE; DURUM; SR31 AB Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn., is of renewed concern due to the emergence of a new virulent race in East Africa. Landrace accessions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) and durum wheat (T. turgi dum L. subsp. durum) from the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) could be sources of new stem rust resistance genes. In an effort to better target the screening of NSGC landrace accessions against the new race, data from the NSGC were analyzed for the geographic distribution of resistance. We used data from U.S. screening trials for 5700 landrace accessions of common wheat and 2719 of durum wheat. Areas with a high incidence of stem rust resistance were found in Ethiopia, Chile, Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and adjacent areas of the former Yugoslavia. Resistance to multiple races at the seedling stage was most frequent in accessions from Ethiopia and Turkey. Resistance in durum wheat was more frequent than resistance in common wheat. The distribution of the areas with high incidence of resistant durum landraces was similar to that for common wheat landraces. A logistic regression model predicting resistance in common wheat accessions (n = 3607) from 10 traits identified 192 previously untested accessions with a greater than 50% chance of being resistant. Based on this model and on the identification of geographic centers for resistance, accessions will be prioritized for future screening against new stem rust races. C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Bonman, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM mbonman@uidaho.edu RI Hijmans, Robert/N-3299-2016; OI Hijmans, Robert/0000-0001-5872-2872 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1955 EP 1963 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0028 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800022 ER PT J AU Kuraparthy, V Sood, S Chhuneja, P Dhaliwal, HS Kaur, S Bowden, RL Gill, BS AF Kuraparthy, Vasu Sood, Shilpa Chhuneja, Parveen Dhaliwal, Harcharan S. Kaur, Satinder Bowden, Robert L. Gill, Bikram S. TI A cryptic wheat-Aegilops triuncialis translocation with leaf rust resistance gene Lr58 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HOMOEOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; BREAD WHEAT; TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION; CHROMOSOMES; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; GENICULATA AB Genes transferred to crop plants from wild species are often associated with deleterious traits. Using molecular markers, we detected a cryptic introgression with a leaf rust resistance gene transferred from Aegilops triuncialis L. into common wheat (Triticurn aestivum L.). One agronomically desirable rust-resistant introgression line was selected and advanced to BC3F11 from a cross of hexaploid wheat and A. triuncialis. In situ hybridization using A. triuncialis genomic DNA as a probe failed to detect the alien introgression. The translocation line was resistant to the most prevalent races of leaf rust in India and Kansas. Genetic mapping in a segregating F-2:3 population showed that the rust resistance was monogenically inherited. Homeologous group 2 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers XksuF11, XksuH16, and Xbg123 showed diagnostically polymorphic alleles between the resistant and susceptible bulks. The alien transfer originated from homeologous chromosome recombination. The A. triuncialis-specific alleles of XksuH16, XksuF11, Xbg123, and one simple sequence repeat marker Xcfd50 cosegregated with the rust resistance, suggesting that the wheat-A. triuncialis translocation occurred in the distal region of chromosome arm 2BL. This translocation was designated T2BS.2BL-2(t)L(0.95). The unique source and map location of the introgression on chromosome 213 indicated that the leaf rust resistance gene is new and was designated Lr58. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Plant Breeding Genet & Biotechnol, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsgill@ksu.edu RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 67 TC 37 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1995 EP 2003 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0038 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800026 ER PT J AU Hu, GS Jackson, EW Bonnian, JM AF Hu, Gongshe Jackson, E. W. Bonnian, J. Michael TI Expansion of PCR-based marker resources in oat by surveying genome-derived SSR markers from barley and wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BREAD WHEAT; LINKAGE MAP; HEXAPLOID OAT; POLYMORPHISM; RICE; REPEATS AB Identifying polymerase chain reaction (PCR)based markers in crop genomes and amplifying them with specific primer pairs has provided convenient molecular markers for mapping projects. Oat (Avena sativa L.) lags behind other crops in the utilization of PCR-based markers due to limited development of genomic and genetic resources in Avena species. We surveyed 356 genome-derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), chosen on the basis of even dispersal across different chromosomes, to search,for an alternate method of expanding the PCR-based marker pool in oat. Primer pairs for these SSR markers were tested tor amplification and polymorphism between parental lines from Ogle1040/TAM-O-301 (OT) and Kanota/Ogle157,(KO) mapping populations. Eighty-nine of 210 wheat primer pairs (42%) and 56 of 146 barley primer pairs (38%) successfully amplified sequences in oat. Forty-five percent of the amplified markers, representing 19% of the total markers, showed polymorphism between parental lines of at least one mapping population. The polymorphism was primarily the presence or absence of a product band. Fifteen PCR products from 10:primer pairs were tested for reproducibility by amplifying each marker in the OT population. When assayed with the same PCR conditions used in the survey, the segregation ratio of 14 markers did not differ from the 1:1 ratio expected for a single locus. This study indicates that genomic SSR primer pairs from wheat and barley may be a good way to efficiently generate PCR-based DNA markers for oat genetics research. C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Hu, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM gongsheh@uidaho.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2004 EP 2012 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0841 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800027 ER PT J AU Tsilo, TJ Jin, Y Anderson, JA AF Tsilo, Tol J. Jin, Yue Anderson, James A. TI Microsatellite markers linked to stem rust resistance allele Sr9a in wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENES; RACES; LINKAGE; LINES; SELECTION; TRITICI AB Host resistance to stem rust of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn., is more effective and durable when several stem rust resistance (Sr) genes are pyramided into a single line. We studied the Sr9a allele, one of six known alleles at the Sr9 locus on chromosome 2BL, using 116 F-2 plants and their F-2:3 families derived from the cross of near-isogenic lines (NILs) 'Chinese Spring' and ISr9a-Ra. Four microsatellite markers were identified that mapped within 3.6 cM proximal to the Sr9a locus. Fifty-nine wheat accessions were screened with the three codominant and one dominant markers to determine their polymorphism information content (PIC). The marker Xgwm47 revealed 12 alleles and had the highest PIC value of 0.85. We attempted to postulate the presence of Sr9a by phenotypic screening. In accessions that had multiple Sr genes, however, it was not possible to postulate Sr9a due to masking effects. Despite the ambiguity of phenotypic evaluation, Xgwm47 was diagnostic for Sr9a in additional NILs tested. These results suggest that Xgwm47 will be a useful tool for marker-assisted selection of Sr9a in wheat breeding programs. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu RI Tsilo, Toi/G-5088-2011 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2013 EP 2020 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.02.0087 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800028 ER PT J AU Zhang, LH Mojtahedi, H Kuang, H Baker, B Brown, CR AF Zhang, L.-H. Mojtahedi, H. Kuang, H. Baker, B. Brown, C. R. TI Marker-assisted selection of Columbia root-knot nematode resistance introgressed from Solanum bulbocastanum SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POTATO-VIRUS-Y; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; CULTIVATED POTATO; LATE BLIGHT; N-GENE; TUBEROSUM; HOMOLOGS; GENOME AB The Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al.) is a serious pest that reduces tuber quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the U.S. Northwest and other parts of the world. A gene, R-Mc1(b/b), derived from the Mexican wild species Solanum bulbocastanum Dunal, encodes resistance to this pest. An F-1 mapping population with >250 individuals generated from an intraspecific cross between resistant and susceptible clones of S. bulbocastanum, SB22 and PT29, respectively, was used for marker screening and genetic linkage analysis. One amplified fragment length polymorphism marker and five sequence tagged site (STS) markers cosegregated with R-Mc1(b/b). The five STS markers were developed from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences of BAC clones that were derived from another wild species, S. demissum Lindl, and contained homologs of resistance gene N against tobacco mosaic virus. These markers were tested on families that were part of the introgression of R-Mc1(b/b) into advanced breeding lines in BC5. The utility of an efficient alternative to greenhouse and field phenotypic screening was demonstrated. The results of this study confirm that molecular markers closely linked to R-Mc1(b/b) will assist in a selection program, reducing expense and time involved in root-knot nematode screening. C1 Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 24106 N Bunn Rd Prosser, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM cbrown@pars.ars.usda.gov RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Zhang, Linhai/0000-0003-1009-6870 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2021 EP 2026 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0003 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800029 ER PT J AU Israel, DW Kwanyuen, P Burton, JW Walker, DR AF Israel, D. W. Kwanyuen, P. Burton, J. W. Walker, D. R. TI Response of low seed phytic acid soybeans to increases in external phosphorus supply SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS; MUTATION; MAIZE; PHENOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; KINASE; LOCI AB Commercialization of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties with low seed phytic acid will depend on the stability of the trait when grown in soils with a wide range of P availabilities and on the impact of altered P composition on seed protein and oil concentrations. Impacts of deficient (0.05 mmol L-1) to. excessive (0.9 to 1.2, mmol L-1) levels of external P on seed P composition of normal and low phytic acid lines and of altered seed P composition on seed protein and oil synthesis were evaluated. Soybean lines homozygous recessive (pha/pha) at one of two loci with genes that condition the low seed phytic acid trait had the same greater-than-threefold increase in phytic acid in response to increasing external 0 as their normal phytic acid parent, 'AGS Prichard-RR' (Pha/Pha). This supports the conclusion from previous inheritance, studies that the low seed phytic acid trait in CX1834-1-2 is controlled by epistatic interaction between two independent recessive genes. The seed phytic acid concentration in the low phytic acid line G03PHY-443 (derived from CX1834-1-2) was <2 g phytic acid P kg(-1) dry wt. when grown under deficient to excessive external P. As the P supply increased, seed inorganic P concentrations for this line increased from 0.8 to 4.0 g kg(-1) dry wt., compared to an increase of 0.2 to 0,6 g kg(-1) dry wt. for the normal phytic acid lines. Seed protein and oil concentrations did not differ significantly between normal and low phytic acid lines. These results support continued development of varieties with low seed phytic acid and high yields. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Daniel.Israel@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2036 EP 2046 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.11.0691 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800031 ER PT J AU Hanson, BD Fandrich, L Shaner, DL Westra, P Nissen, SJ AF Hanson, Bradley D. Fandrich, Lynn Shaner, Dale L. Westra, Philip Nissen, Scott J. TI Recovery of imidazolinone-resistant hard red wheat lines following imazamox application SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; TOLERANT WINTER-WHEAT; ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE; SPRING WHEAT; HERBICIDE; CROPS; GENE AB Imidazolinone-resistant hard red wheat (Triticum, aestivum L.) cultivars are occasionally injured by imazamox applications because a portion of the acetolactate synthase,(ALS) remains susceptible to the herbicide. The growth and enzyme activity of two groups of hard red wheat near-isolines with spring or winter growth habit were examined following imazamox application. Each group Of near-isolines contained a susceptible cultivar and cultivars with the imidazolinone-resistant trait on either the, B or D genome. The spring wheat group also contained a line carrying both the B and D genome copies of the resistance gene. In whole plant experiments, growth of all single-gene resistant lines was delayed by both 35 and 105 g ha(-1) imazamox while the two-gene line was delayed at only the highest rate. There was a herbicide rate effect on biomass accumulation but no differences among genome locations in the single-gene resistant lines or among spring vs. winter growth habit. On an ALS enzyme basis, however, there were differences among B- vs. D-genome resistance and between winter and spring growth habit. Spring wheat cultivars with the B-genome resistance had greater reductions in ALS activity compared to the D-genome cultivars, while in winter wheat, B- and D-genome lines responded similarly. Differences among genotypes existed in the recovery of ALS activity in imidazolinone wheat but other factors also likely influence the injury occasionally observed in the field. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Maangement, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hanson, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM bhanson@fresno.ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2058 EP 2066 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0025 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800033 ER PT J AU Ristic, Z Bukovnik, U Prasad, PVV AF Ristic, Zoran Bukovnik, Urska Prasad, P. V. Vara TI Correlation between heat stability of thylakoid membranes and loss of chlorophyll in winter wheat under heat stress SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS; SYNTHESIS ELONGATION-FACTOR; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; INTACT LEAVES; SPRING WHEAT; EF-TU; FLUORESCENCE; TOLERANCE; LEAF; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Determining mechanisms associated with heat tolerance and identifying screening methods are vital for improvement of heat tolerance in plants. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between the heat stability of thylakoids and loss of chlorophyll in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under heat stress, and to examine whether chlorophyll loss can be used as an indicator of heat tolerance in wheat. We assessed heat tolerance and measured chlorophyll content in 12 cultivars of winter wheat at flowering stage during exposure to 16-d-long heat stress. Heat tolerance was assessed using fluorescence to determine the heat stability of thylakoids, and chlorophyll content was measured with a chlorophyll meter. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions. Heat stress caused damage to thylakoids in all cultivars as indicated by the increase in the ratio of constant fluorescence (0) and the peak of variable fluorescence (P). Heat stress also caused a decline in chlorophyll content in most cultivars. A strong negative correlation between heat-induced increases in O/P and chlorophyll content was seen. The results suggest that heat-induced damage to thylakoids and chlorophyll loss are closely associated in winter wheat. Measurements of chlorophyll content with a chlorophyll meter could be useful for high throughput screening for heat tolerance in wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ristic, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM zoran.ristic@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012 OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 21 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2067 EP 2073 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0674 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800034 ER PT J AU Brink, GE Casler, MD Hall, MB AF Brink, G. E. Casler, M. D. Hall, M. B. TI Canopy structure and neutral detergent fiber differences among temperate perennial grasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DAIRY-COWS; SWARD STRUCTURE; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; RYEGRASS LOLIUM; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIETIES; DIGESTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; RUMINANTS; PASTURE AB Intake of animals grazing grass pasture is in part influenced by canopy density. Our objective was to determine the vertical distribution of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) within temperate perennial grass' swards. The study was; conducted in 2004 and 2005 on a Plano silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls). When leaf height of each grass reached 25 cm in spring, summer, and fall, canopy layers were harvested from 20 to 25, 15 to 20, and 10 to 15 cm. Differences in canopy density were usually not significant when precipitation was below normal. With abundant spring precipitation, quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould] had greater upper canopy density (1.9 mg dry matter [DM] cm(-3)) than any of the other grasses studied. Grasses typically grazed at shorter heights such as bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) had greater density in the lower canopy layer (1.0-1.3 g DM kg(-1)). While soft-leaf tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) had lower density in the upper canopy than timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and quackgrass in the spring, the reverse was true in the summer. Herbage NDF of grasses generally increased from the upper to lower canopy layer (mean difference of 50, g kg-1); perennial ryegrass and meadow fescue often had the lowest NDF throughout the canopy (range of 392-452 and 418-469 g kg(-1), respectively). Pasture intake may benefit from a diverse species composition because animals can graze a mixture having optimum density and NDF throughout the canopy. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brink, GE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gebrink@wisc.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2182 EP 2189 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0045 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800048 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS Mayland, HF AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. Mayland, H. F. TI Diurnal shifts in nutritive value of alfalfa harvested as hay and evaluated by animal intake and digestion SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; SUNDOWN; SUNUP; CUT; DIGESTIBILITY; ORCHARDGRASS; PREFERENCE; PATTERNS AB Forages accumulate nonstructural carbohydrates during the day, with animals showing preference and improved daily responses from afternoon compared with morning,cut hays. This' study evaluated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay harvested at 0700, 1000, 1300, 1600, and 1900 h to determine how nutritive value changes during the day and to assess the impact of these changes on animal preference using cattle (Bos taurus L.), sheep (Ovis aries L.), and goat (Capra hircus L.) responses. Total nonstructural carbohydrates were altered by time of cut (cubic conatrast, P < 0.01) ranging from 85 g kg(-1) 0700 h to 83 g kg(-1) at 1000 h, then increasing to 97 g kg(-1) by 1600 h with, little change at 1900 h (96 g kg(-1)). Fiber fractions also varied diurnally, with a 1 quadratic decrease from 418 g kg(-1) at 0700 h to 387 g kg by 1900 h in neutral detergent fiber. A combined analysis of three animal trials showed a linear increase in dry matter intake (DMI) with later hay harvest, a cubic response for dry matter digestion (DMD), and a linear increase in digestible DMI. Mean DMI increased from 27.5 g kg(-1) body weight at 0700 h to a maximum of 30.8 g kg(-1) body weight at 1600 h, where as DMD decreased from 658 g kg-1 at 0700 to 647 g kg-1 at 1300 h and peaked at 664 g kg(-1) at 1600 h. Digestible DMI increased from 18.1 g kg-1 body weight at 0700 h to a maximum of 20.5 g kg(-1) body weight at 1600 h. No additional advantages in animal responses were noted by cutting after 1600 h. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2190 EP 2197 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.02.0072 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 219HG UT WOS:000250074800049 ER PT J AU Costanzo, S Ospina-Giraldo, MD Deahl, KL Baker, CJ Jones, RW AF Costanzo, Stefano Ospina-Giraldo, Manuel D. Deahl, Kenneth L. Baker, C. Jacyn Jones, Richard W. TI Alternate intron processing of family 5 endoglucanase transcripts from the genus Phytophthora SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE endoglucanase; intron splicing; gene duplication; Phytophthora infestans; Phytophthora sojae; Phytophthora ramorum ID FUNGUS MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; ENCODING GENE; EXPRESSION; BETA-1,4-GLYCANASES; HYDROLASES; PREDICTION; SUBSTRATE; SEQUENCES AB Twenty-one homologs of family 5 endo-(1-4)P-glucanase genes (EGLs) were identified and characterized in the oomycete plant pathogens Phytophthora infestans, P. sojae, and P. ramorum, providing the first comprehensive analysis of this family in Phytophthora. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes constitute a unique eukaryotic group, with closest similarity to bacterial endoglucanases. Many of the identified EGL copies were clustered in a few genomic regions, and contained from zero to three introns. Using reverse transcription PCR to study in vitro and in planta gene expression levels of P. sojae, we detected partially processed RNA transcripts retaining one or more of their introns. In some cases, the positions of intron/exon splicing sites were also found to be variable. The relative proportions of these transcripts remain apparently unchanged under various growing conditions, but differ among orthogolous copies of the three Phytophthora species. The alternate processing of introns in this group of EGLs generates both coding and non-coding RNA isoforms. This is the first report on Phytophthora family 5 endoglucanases, and the first record for alternative intron processing of oomycete transcripts. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Biol, Easton, PA 18042 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A,Room 311, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.Jones@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s00294-007-0144-z PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 215WM UT WOS:000249839700002 PM 17661047 ER PT J AU Shen, LL Waterland, RA AF Shen, Lanlan Waterland, Robert A. TI Methods of DNA methylation analysis SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE DNA methylation microarray; epigenetic; epigenomic ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS; EPIGENETIC CHANGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; BISULFITE PCR; HUMAN-DISEASE; PATTERNS; CELLS; ASSAY; GENOME; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE AB Purpose of review To provide guidance for investigators who are new to the field of DNA methylation analysis. Recent findings Epigenetics is the study of mitotically heritable alterations in gene expression potential that are not mediated by changes in DNA sequence. Recently, it has become clear that nutrition can affect epigenetic mechanisms, causing long-term changes in gene expression. This review focuses on methods for studying the epigenetic mechanism DNA methylation. Recent advances include improvement in high-throughput methods to obtain quantitative data on locus-specific DNA methylation and development of various approaches to study DNA methylation on a genome-wide scale. Summary No single method of DNA methylation analysis will be appropriate for every application. By understanding the type of information provided by, and the inherent potential for bias and artifact associated with, each method, investigators can select the method most appropriate for their specific research needs. C1 [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shen, Lanlan] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Leukemia, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wateriand@bcm.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P501 CA100632 03]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5K01DK070007] NR 34 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 27 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 EI 1473-6519 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD SEP PY 2007 VL 10 IS 5 BP 576 EP 581 DI 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282bf6f43 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 318HI UT WOS:000257081800002 PM 17693740 ER PT J AU Parkes, D Landry, J Guss, S Coffey, T Laugero, K AF Parkes, D. Landry, J. Guss, S. Coffey, T. Laugero, K. TI Exenatide reverses hypertension in a rat model of metabolic syndrome SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes CY SEP 18-21, 2007 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP European Assco Study Diabet C1 Amylin Pharmaceut Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 SU 1 MA 0586 BP S243 EP S243 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 209NP UT WOS:000249395600587 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Wilson, GV Simon, A Langendoen, EJ Akay, O Fuchs, JW AF Fox, Garey A. Wilson, Glenn V. Simon, Andrew Langendoen, Eddy J. Akay, Onur Fuchs, John W. TI Measuring streambank erosion due to ground water seepage: correlation to bank pore water pressure, precipitation and stream stage SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE bank stability; interflow; ground water seepage; soil pore water pressure; streambank erosion ID PIPING SAPPING EROSION; RIVERBANK STABILITY; SEDIMENT LOADS; SIEVE RIVER; FLOW; MODEL AB Limited information exists on one of the mechanisms governing sediment input to streams: streambank erosion by ground water seepage. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the importance of streambank composition and stratigraphy in controlling seepage flow and to quantify correlation of seepage flow/erosion with precipitation, stream stage and soil pore water pressure. The streambank site was located in Northern Mississippi in the Goodwin Creek watershed. Soil samples from layers on the streambank face suggested less than an order of magnitude difference in vertical hydraulic conductivity (K.) with depth, but differences between lateral K. of a concretion layer and the vertical K-s of the underlying layers contributed to the propensity for lateral How. Goodwin Creek seeps were not similar to other seeps reported in the literature, in that eroded sediment originated from layers underneath the primary seepage layer. Subsurface flow and sediment load, quantified using 50 cm wide collection pans, were dependent on the type of seep: intermittent low-flow (LF) seeps (flow rates typically less than 0 center dot 05 L min(-1)), persistent high-flow (HF) seeps (average flow rate of 0 center dot 39 L min(-1)) and buried seeps, which eroded unconsolidated bank material from previous bank failures. The timing of LF seeps correlated to river stage and precipitation. The HF seeps at Goodwin Creek began after rainfall events resulted in the adjacent streambank reaching near saturation (i.e. soil pore water pressures greater than -5 kPa). Seep discharge from HF seeps reached a maximum of 1 center dot 0 L min(-1) and sediment concentrations commonly approached 100 g L-1. Buried seeps were intermittent but exhibited the most significant erosion rates (738 g min(-1)) and sediment concentrations (989 g L-1). In cases where perched water table conditions exist and persistent HF seeps occur, seepage erosion and bank collapse of streambank sediment may be significant. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 120 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM Garey.fox@okstate.edu OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 40 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1558 EP 1573 DI 10.1002/esp.1490 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 214AI UT WOS:000249708000009 ER PT J AU Zarnetske, PL Edwards, TC Moisen, GG AF Zarnetske, Phoebe L. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Moisen, Gretchen G. TI Habitat classification modeling with incomplete data: Pushing the habitat envelope SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE accipiter gentilis atricapillus; Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA); habitat classification model; habitat envelope; Landfire; management indicator species; Northern Goshawk; pseudo-absence ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; NORTHERN GOSHAWKS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; NESTING HABITAT; PREY ABUNDANCE; ABSENCE DATA; ECOLOGY; WOODPECKERS; PREDICTION AB Habitat classification models (HCMs) are invaluable tools for species conservation, land-use planning, reserve design, and metapopulation assessments, particularly at broad spatial scales. However, species occurrence data are often lacking and typically limited to presence points at broad scales. This lack of absence data precludes the use of many statistical techniques for HCMs. One option is to generate pseudo-absence points so that the many available statistical modeling tools can be used. Traditional techniques generate pseudo-absence points at random across broadly defined species ranges, often failing to include biological knowledge concerning the species-habitat relationship. We incorporated biological knowledge of the species-habitat relationship into pseudo-absence points by creating habitat envelopes that constrain the region from which points were randomly selected. We define a habitat envelope as an ecological representation of a species, or species feature's (e.g., nest) observed distribution (i.e., realized niche) based on a single attribute, or the spatial intersection of multiple attributes. We created HCMs for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter geatilis atricapillus) nest habitat during the breeding season across Utah forests with extant nest presence points and ecologically based pseudo-absence points using logistic regression. Predictor variables were derived from 30-m USDA Landfire and 250-m Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) map products. These habitat-envelope-based models were then compared to null envelope models which use traditional practices for generating pseudo-absences. Models were assessed for fit and predictive capability using metrics such as kappa, threshold-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots, adjusted deviance (Dad), and cross-validation, and were also assessed for ecological relevance. For all cases, habitat envelope-based models outperformed null envelope models and were more ecologically relevant, suggesting that incorporating biological knowledge into pseudo-absence point generation is a powerful tool for species habitat assessments. Furthermore, given some a priori knowledge of the species-habitat relationship, ecologically based pseudo-absence points can be applied to any species, ecosystem, data resolution, and spatial extent. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Zarnetske, PL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM zarnetsp@science.oregonstate.edu RI Zarnetske, Phoebe/C-5484-2012 OI Zarnetske, Phoebe/0000-0001-6257-6951 NR 60 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1714 EP 1726 DI 10.1890/06-1312.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GS UT WOS:000249240200014 PM 17913135 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Pokorny, ML Rekaya, R AF Rinella, Matthew J. Pokorny, Monica L. Rekaya, Romdhane TI Grassland invader responses to realistic changes in native species richness SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; biodiversity; Centaurea maculosa; forbs; grasses; invasibility; invasion resistance; local extinction; spotted knapweed ID PLANT COMMUNITY; INVASION RESISTANCE; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; LIFE-HISTORY; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; COMPLEMENTARITY; DETERMINANTS; PRODUCTIVITY AB The importance of species richness for repelling exotic plant invasions varies from ecosystem to ecosystem. Thus, in order to prioritize conservation objectives, it is critical to identify those ecosystems where decreasing richness will most greatly magnify invasion risks. Our goal was to determine if invasion risks greatly increase in response to common reductions in grassland species richness. We imposed treatments that mimic management-induced reductions in grassland species richness (i.e., removal of shallow- and/or deep-rooted forbs and/or grasses and/or cryptogam layers). Then we introduced and monitored the performance of a notorious invasive species (i.e., Centaurea maculosa). We found that, on a per-gram-of-biomass basis, each resident plant group similarly suppressed invader growth. Hence, with respect to preventing C. maculosa invasions, maintaining overall productivity is probably more important than maintaining the productivity of particular plant groups or species. But at the sites we studied, all plant groups may be needed to maintain overall productivity because removing forbs decreased overall productivity in two of three years. Alternatively, removing forbs increased productivity in another year, and this led us to posit that removing forbs may inflate the temporal productivity variance as opposed to greatly affecting time-averaged productivity. In either case, overall productivity responses to single plant group removals were inconsistent and fairly modest, and only when all plant groups were removed did C. maculosa growth increase substantially over a no-removal treatment. As such, it seems that intense disturbances (e.g., prolonged drought, overgrazing) that deplete multiple plant groups may often be a prerequisite for C. maculosa invasion. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Georgia, Rhodes Ctr Anim & Dairy Sci, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Fort Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mrinella@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1824 EP 1831 DI 10.1890/06-1881.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GS UT WOS:000249240200022 PM 17913143 ER PT J AU Piccolo, JJ Hughes, HF Bryant, MY AF Piccolo, J. J. Hughes, H. F. Bryant, M. Y. TI The effects of water depth on prey detection and capture by juvenile coho salmon and steelhead SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE coho; foraging; segregation; steel-head; water depth ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT USE; ATLANTIC SALMON; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; VELOCITY PREFERENCES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MICROHABITAT USE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON AB We used three-dimensional video analysis of feeding experiments to determine the effects of water depth on prey detection and capture by drift-feeding juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (O. mykiss irideus). Depth treatments were 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 m. Mean prey capture probabilities for both species were constant across all treatments (coho = 0.51, steelhead = 0.39), and did not differ significantly between species. In deeper treatments, capture probabilities were lower nearer the surface than they were nearer the substrate, particularly at the lateral edges of the foraging area. In deeper treatments coho had greater capture probabilities nearer the surface than did steelhead. It is unclear if this was a species difference, or one based on the relative amount of foraging experience the fish had in the wild prior to capture. Prey capture manoeuver characteristics were very similar for both species, including positive relationships between water depth and both prey detection distance and prey interception swimming speed, and no relationship between depth and seed of return to the focal point. Because p p prey encounter rate is expected to increase with increasing water depth., we used capture probabilities to predict capture rates for coho and steelhead, which increased linearly with water depth. We conclude that any benefit of foraging in deeper water is more likely due to increased encounter rate rather than to increased capture probability. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK USA. RP Piccolo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ftjjp1l@uaf.edu NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00242.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 205EJ UT WOS:000249096500017 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Moser, BR Ethan, SZ AF Doll, Kenneth M. Moser, Bryan R. Ethan, Sevirn Z. TI Surface tension studies of alkyl esters and epoxidized alkyl esters relevant to oleochemically based fuel additives SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-HYDROXY ETHERS; METHYL-ESTERS; VEGETABLE-OIL; SERIES; ACID; ATOMIZATION; LUBRICANTS; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; LIQUIDS AB There are several reports on the synthesis of fuel additives based on oleochemical esters, and physical data on some of these compounds is lacking. Herein, we report the surface tension of several epoxidized oleochemicals and their comparable fatty esters, at temperatures between 25 and 60 degrees C. Surface tensions of the olefins measured at 40 degrees C range from 25.9 mN m(-1), for isobutyl oleate, to 28.4 mN m(-1) for methyl linoleate. The epoxy versions of the same compounds displayed higher surface tensions of 28.1 and 32.1 mN m(-1), respectively. Branched ester compounds also had surface tensions between 27.4 and 30.2 mN m(-1). Several trends and observations were elucidated. More epoxidation or unsaturation leads to higher surface tension. Epoxidation has a larger effect on surface tension than unsaturation. Linear alkyl headgroups on fatty esters have similar surface tensions, but branched headgroups gave slightly lower surface tensions. Soy methyl esters, or epoxy soy methyl esters, give surface tensions which are between that of their two main components. Overall, the results show that all of these compounds have surface tensions which make them suitable for use as biofuel additives. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 3044 EP 3048 DI 10.1021/ef700213z PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 212PC UT WOS:000249608300074 ER PT J AU Kwon, HS Stanley, DW Miller, JS AF Kwon, Hyeog Sun Stanley, David W. Miller, Jon S. TI Bacterial challenge and eicosanoids act in plasmatocyte spreading SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE hemocyte spreading; Manduca sexta; Lepidoptera; Sphingidae; bacterial infection; Serratia marcescens; Escherichia coli; Bacillus subtilis; Micrococcus luteus ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; MICROAGGREGATION REACTIONS; TOBACCO HORNWORM; HEMOCYTES; PEPTIDE; LARVAE AB We report on experiments designed to more thoroughly document the roles of eicosanoids as crucial elements in cell spreading and on experiments designed to test the hypothesis that in vivo bacterial infections influence cell spreading on glass surfaces. We used hemocytes prepared from tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) and four species of bacteria (Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus) in each experiment. Our protocols yielded several important points: (i) hemocytes prepared from hornworms at 15 and 60 min following infection with, separately, each of the four bacterial species were fundamentally altered in size (all less than the 15-mu m counting cut-off) and none of the hemocytes exhibited cell-spreading behavior; (ii) the influence of bacterial challenge on cell spreading declined with incubation time post-challenge; (iii) conditioned medium (CM) prepared by exposing hemocytes to bacterial cells in vitro exerted a strong dose-dependent influence on cell spreading. Specifically, plasmatocytes increased in length from about 38 mu m with 2.5% CM to a maximum of about 54 mu m at 100% CM; and (iv) the retarding influence of dexamethasone (an eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor) on cell spreading was reversed by arachidonic acid, prostaglandin H-2, and CM. Taken together, these findings indicate that both bacterial infection and eicosanoids influence hemocyte-spreading processes. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Miller, JS (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM jsmiller@niu.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00582.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 203HB UT WOS:000248964600007 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS Biggs, RW Manhardt, NM Carriere, Y Dennehy, TJ Tabashnik, BE AF Sisterson, Mark S. Biggs, Robert W. Manhardt, Nancy M. Carriere, Yves Dennehy, Timothy J. Tabashnik, Bruce E. TI Effects of transgenic Bt cotton on insecticide use and abundance of two generalist predators SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE non-target arthropod; Bacillus thuringiensis; Chrysoperla carnea; Chrysopidae; Neuroptera; Orius tristicolor; Heteroptera; Anthocoridae ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA NEUROPTERA; CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA; ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES; NONTARGET ARTHROPODS; FIELD-EVALUATION; PINK-BOLLWORM; CRY1AB TOXIN; IMPACT; CROPS AB Considerable effort has been expended to determine if crops genetically engineered to produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins harm non-target arthropods. However, if Bt crops kill target pests and thereby reduce insecticide use, this could benefit some non-target arthropods. We analyzed data from 21 commercial cotton fields in Arizona to test the effects of Bt cotton on insecticide use and abundance of two non-target arthropods, the generalist predators Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Orius tristicolor (White) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). The number of insecticide sprays was more than double for non-Bt cotton compared with Bt cotton that produced Cry1Ac. The abundance of both predators was negatively associated with the number of insecticide sprays, although significantly so for only one of two sampling periods for each species tested. With the effects of insecticides statistically removed, field type (Bt or non-Bt cotton) did not affect the abundance of either predator. Accordingly, without adjusting for the effects of insecticide sprays, the abundance of C. carnea was higher in Bt cotton fields than in non-Bt cotton fields, but significantly so during only one of two sampling periods. The abundance of O. tristicolor did not differ between field types, even without adjusting for effects of insecticide sprays. The results indicate that Bt crops can affect insecticide use, which in turn can affect the relative abundance of non-target arthropods in Bt and non-Bt fields. Thus, environmental impact assessment should incorporate analysis of the effects of transgenic crops on management practices, as well as evaluation of the direct effects of such crops. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM msisterson@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00584.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 203HB UT WOS:000248964600010 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Blackmer, JL AF Hagler, James R. Blackmer, Jacquelyn L. TI Potassium chloride deters Lygus hesperus feeding behavior SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE feeding deterrent; diet choice; no-choice diet; gustatory cues; pest control; Heteroptera; Miridae ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; BEMISIA-TABACI; APIS-MELLIFERA; TASTE HAIRS; RESPONSES; FIELD; LINEOLARIS; MIRIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB A series of bioassays were conducted to determine the response of adult western tarnished plant bugs, Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae), to artificial diets containing potassium chloride (KCl). We first examined the feeding behavior of L. hesperus by direct observation in a no-choice diet feeding arena. We observed a total of 22 Lygus feeding events lasting an average of 411 +/- 64 s on the control artificial diet and only three feeding events lasting an average of 11 +/- 3 s on the KCl-treated diet. We then conducted several multiple diet choice bioassays to determine the feeding response of L. hesperus when exposed simultaneously to five artificial diet treatments containing different amounts of KCl. For the first bioassay, we used standard clear parafilm diet packets and for the second bioassay we used dark green parafilm diet packets to hold the various diet treatments. Regardless of the diet packet color, L. hesperus overwhelmingly selected the 0% KCl diet treatment over diets containing 3, 6, 9, or 12% KCl. The third and fourth multiple diet choice bioassays were identical to the first bioassay, except that concentrations of the KCl-treated diets were reduced. Lygus hesperus consistently selected the control diet over all diets containing more than 0.5% KCl. However, when the concentration of KCl in the diet was reduced to <= 0.4%, there were no significant differences in feeding activity exhibited by L. hesperus. Finally, to determine if the addition of KCl to the diet influenced their upwind response, we examined the responses of L. hesperus that were simultaneously exposed to a control artificial diet and a diet containing 12% KCl in a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. Of the 95 adults tested, 47 selected the arm containing the normal diet and 48 selected the arm containing KCl-treated diet, indicating that dietary constituents did not preferentially attract or repel L. hesperus. The results from these studies strongly suggest that KCl negatively affects L. hesperus feeding behavior by functioning as a strong gustatory deterrent when concentrations exceed 0.5%. Visual and volatile cues appeared to have no role in mediating orientation or feeding behavior under these test conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jhagler@wcrl.ars.usda.gov RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00588.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 203HB UT WOS:000248964600014 ER PT J AU Troy, AR Grove, JM O'Neil-Dunne, JPM Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML AF Troy, Austin R. Grove, J. Morgan O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath P. M. Pickett, Steward T. A. Cadenasso, Mary L. TI Predicting opportunities for greening and patterns of vegetation on private urban lands SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE urban ecology; private land; neighborhood segmentation; urban forestry; Baltimore LTER; urban greening ID CARBON STORAGE; OPEN SPACE; MODEL; NEIGHBORHOODS; AREAS; TREES; MARKET AB This paper examines predictors of vegetative cover on private lands in Baltimore, Maryland. Using high-resolution spatial data, we generated two measures: "possible stewardship," which is the proportion of private land that does not have built structures on it and hence has the possibility of supporting vegetation, and "realized stewardship," which is the proportion of possible stewardship land upon which vegetation is growing. These measures were calculated at the parcel level and averaged by US Census block group. Realized stewardship was further defined by proportion of tree canopy and grass. Expenditures on yard supplies and services, available by block group, were used to help understand where vegetation condition appears to be the result of current activity, past legacies, or abandonment. PRIZM (TM) market segmentation data were tested as categorical predictors of possible and realized stewardship and yard expenditures. PRIZM (TM) segmentations are hierarchically clustered into 5, 15, and 62 categories, which correspond to population density, social stratification (income and education), and lifestyle clusters, respectively. We found that PRIZM 15 best predicted variation in possible stewardship and PRIZM 62 best predicted variation in realized stewardship. These results were further analyzed by regressing each dependent variable against a set of continuous variables reflective of each of the three PRIZM groupings. Housing age, vacancy, and population density were found to be critical determinants of both stewardship metrics. A number of lifestyle factors, such as average family size, marriage rates, and percentage of single-family detached homes, were strongly related to realized stewardship. The percentage of African Americans by block group was positively related to realized stewardship but negatively related to yard expenditures. C1 Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Troy, AR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM atroy@uvm.edu NR 60 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 5 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 394 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0112-2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 206SI UT WOS:000249202800005 PM 17602257 ER PT J AU Park, SK O'Neill, M Hu, H Vokonas, P Sparrow, D Tucker, K AF Park, S. K. O'Neill, M. Hu, H. Vokonas, P. Sparrow, D. Tucker, K. TI Higher intakes of antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acid reduce the cardiac autonomic effects of particles SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S140 EP S140 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300458 ER PT J AU Weuve, J Tucker, K Peters, J Nie, H Spiro, A Hu, H AF Weuve, J. Tucker, K. Peters, J. Nie, H. Spiro, A., III Hu, H. TI Lead exposure and plasma homocysteine in older men: A mechanism of neurotoxicity and vascular toxicity? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S176 EP S176 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300578 ER PT J AU Sharma, KD Muehlbauer, FJ AF Sharma, Kamal Dev Muehlbauer, Fred J. TI Fusarium wilt of chickpea: physiological specialization, genetics of resistance and resistance gene tagging SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE chickpea wilt; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceris; linkage map; molecular markers; physiological specialization; resistance genes ID F-SP CICERIS; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ARIETINUM L. GENOME; INOCULUM DENSITY; LEAF RUST; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PATHOGENIC RACE-0; RAPD MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; SOWING DATE AB Chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is one of the major yield limiting factors in chickpea. The disease causes 10-90% yield losses annually in chickpea. Eight physiological races of the pathogen (0, 1A, 1B/C, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) are reported so far whereas additional races are suspected from India. The distribution pattern of these races in different parts of the world indicates regional specificity for their occurrence leading to the perception that F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris evolved independently in different regions. Pathogen isolates also exhibit differences in disease symptoms. Races 0 and 1B/C cause yellowing syndrome whereas 1A, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 lead to wilting syndrome. Genetics of resistance to two races (1B/C and 6) is yet to be determined, however, for other races resistance is governed either by monogenes or oligogenes. The individual genes of oligogenic resistance mechanism delay onset of disease symptoms, a phenomenon called as late wilting. Slow wilting, i.e., slow development of disease after onset of disease symptoms also occurs in reaction to pathogen; however, its genetics are not known. Mapping of wilt resistance genes in chickpea is difficult because of minimal polymorphism; however, it has been facilitated to great extent by the development of sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers that have revealed significant interspecific and intraspecific polymorphism. Markers linked to six genes governing resistance to six races (0, 1A, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of the pathogen have been identified and their position on chickpea linkage maps elucidated. These genes lie in two separate clusters on two different chickpea linkage groups. While the gene for resistance to race 0 is situated on LG 5 of Winter et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics 101:1155-1163, 2000) those governing resistance to races 1A, 2, 3, 4 and 5 spanned a region of 8.2 cM on LG 2. The cluster of five resistance genes was further subdivided into two sub clusters of 2.8 cM and 2.0 cM, respectively. Map-based cloning can be used to isolate the six genes mapped so far; however, the region containing these genes needs additional markers to facilitate their isolation. Cloning of wilt resistance genes is desirable to study their evolution, mechanisms of resistance and their exploitation in wilt resistance breeding and wilt management. C1 CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi, Adv Ctr Hill Bioresources & Biotechnol, Palampur 176062, Himachal Prades, India. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sharma, KD (reprint author), CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi, Adv Ctr Hill Bioresources & Biotechnol, Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, Himachal Prades, India. EM kml1967@rediffmail.com NR 103 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2007 VL 157 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9401-y PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 205MU UT WOS:000249118900001 ER PT J AU Rose, LW Das, MK Fuentes, RG Taliaferro, CM AF Rose, Louis W. Das, Modan K. Fuentes, Roger G. Taliaferro, Charles M. TI Effects of high- vs. low-yield environments on selection for increased biomass yield in switchgrass SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE biomass yield; genetic gain; heritability; recurrent selection; selection environment; switchgrass ID TROPICAL MAIZE; LOW-INPUT; STRESS; WHEAT AB No information is available on the effects of different biomass yield environments on selection efficiency in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) breeding improvement. This study was conducted to assess the effects of high- and lowbiomass yield environments (HYE and LYE, respectively) on recurrent selection for general combining ability (RSGCA) in a lowland population of switchgrass (NL-94). The top 14 of 65 NL-94 C-0 parent plants were selected based on biomass yield of half-sib (HS) progeny tested for one post-establishment year under HYE and LYE conditions. Nine of the 14 C-0 parent plants were the same based on HS performance under HYE and LYE. Selected plants were intercrossed to produce NL-94 HYE. and NL-94 LYE C-1 populations. One hundred and twenty-five HS C-0 progeny families (60 NL-94 HYE and 65 NL-94 LYE) were evaluated for biomass yield for 3 years (2002-2004) under HYE and LYE conditions. The HYE produced about 2.5 times higher biomass yields than the LYE in both C-0 and C-1 HS progeny tests. Estimated additive genetic variance and predicted gains from selection (Delta G) were high in the C-1 populations indicating that RSGCA should achieve higher biomass yields. Mean biomass yields of C-1 HS families originating from the LYE protocol were significantly higher than those of families originating from the HYE protocol in both HYE and LYE performance tests, suggesting greater selection response under LYE in the C-0 population. The estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h(n)(2)) and Delta G from the C-1 populations indicate that positive response to selection for biomass yield is possible in subsequent cycles of selection under either HYE or LYE, with a possible small advantage for HYE. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Gen Mills Corp, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. RP Rose, LW (reprint author), Aon Corp, 200 E Randolph St, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. EM louisr@mail.pss.okstate.edu NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2007 VL 156 IS 3 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9390-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 197GB UT WOS:000248541500013 ER PT J AU Henson, RBA Tivoli, B Baranger, A Muehlbauer, FJ Cooke, M AF Henson, Robert Bob A. Tivoli, Bernard Baranger, Alain Muehlbauer, Fred J. Cooke, Mike TI Foreword SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10658-006-9086-4 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 206UU UT WOS:000249209200001 ER PT J AU White, D Chen, W AF White, David Chen, Weidong TI Towards identifying pathogenic determinants of the chickpea pathogen Ascochyta rabiei SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ascochyta 2006 Workshop CY JUL 02-06, 2006 CL Le Tronchet, FRANCE DE Agrobacterium-mediated transformation; gene disruption; phage library ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; CICER-ARIETINUM L; DIDYMELLA-RABIEI; SOLANAPYRONE-A; BLIGHT; FUNGI; RESISTANCE; PHYTOTOXINS; INTEGRATION; DISRUPTION AB Ascochyta blight is a serious disease of cool-season grain legumes (chickpea, faba bean, lentil and pea) caused by fungal species of the anamorphic genus Ascochyta and related genera. Despite extensive studies on the biology, ecology, epidemiology and management of the disease, little is known about the pathogenic determinants of these pathogens. This research aims at using Ascochyta rabiei as a model for the genus in investigating genetic factors of pathogenicity, with the ultimate goal of elucidating pathogenic mechanisms. Three advances were made: (1) insertional mutants with altered pathogenicity were identified through in vivo screening, and genomic regions adjacent to the insertion sites in selected mutants were determined; (2) a phage library of A. rabiei genomic DNA was constructed, and the library was estimated to provide complete coverage of the A. rabiei genome. This library was used successfully to recover clones with DNA adjacent to insertional mutation sites and to isolate specific genes; (3) DNA probes specific for an acyl-CoA ligase (cps1) and a polyketide synthase gene (pks1) were developed and library clones containing the corresponding genomic regions were identified from the phage library. These advances provide the foundation and necessary tools for experimentation of ectopic complementation assays and targeted mutagenesis to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of pathogenicity of A. rabiei. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP White, D (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s10658-007-9122-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 206UU UT WOS:000249209200002 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Chen, W AF Muehlbauer, Fred J. Chen, Weidong TI Resistance to ascochyta blights of cool season food legumes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ascochyta 2006 Workshop CY JUL 02-06, 2006 CL Le Tronchet, FRANCE DE disease resistance; Quantitative Trait Loci; marker assisted selection; disease screening; inheritance; breeding for disease resistance; Pisum sativum; peas; Lens culinaris; lentil; Cicer arietinum; chickpea; Vicia faba; faba bean ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CICER-ARIETINUM L.; PEA PISUM-SATIVUM; LENTIL LENS-CULINARIS; F SP. LENTIS; MYCOSPHAERELLA-PINODES; DIDYMELLA-RABIEI; SCAR MARKERS; CHICKPEA; IDENTIFICATION AB Ascochyta blights are the most important diseases of cool season food legumes (peas, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans) and are found in nearly all production regions. Despite having the same common disease name, the pathogen species differ for each of the crops. These diseases cause serious yield losses under favourable cool and humid conditions. Planting resistant cultivars is often the first choice and most economical means in managing the diseases. Therefore breeding for resistance to ascochyta blights has been an important objective of many cool season food legume research programmes. Systematic screening of germplasm collections at international research centres and other national research programmes have identified useful resistance sources that have been used successfully to breed resistant or tolerant cultivars. Genetic studies have revealed inheritance patterns of the resistance genes. Genetic linkage analyses and QTL mapping have identified molecular markers that could be useful for marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding. In general, research towards developing resistance to ascochyta blights in cool season food legume faces mainly two limitations: the lack of availability of efficient resistance sources and the lack of a good understanding of the variability of the pathogen populations. Research efforts to alleviate these limitations should be pursued. Given that modern technologies of marker development and genomics are available, further advances in deploying resistance to manage ascochyta blights in this group of legume crops will depend on concerted efforts in developing accurate screening procedures with adequate knowledge of pathogen variability and identification of additional sources of resistance. C1 Washington State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s10658-007-9180-2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 206UU UT WOS:000249209200014 ER PT J AU Lau, AOT Tibbals, DL McElwain, TF AF Lau, Audrey O. T. Tibbals, David L. McElwain, Terry F. TI Babesia bovis: The development of an expression oligonucleotide microarray SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; gene expression; microarray; intracrythrocytic stage infection; parasite; apicomplexans; open reading frames; deoxyribonucleic acid; cytosine triphosphate; uracil triphosphate; complementary DNA; ribonucleic acid; quantitative real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; threshold cycle; elongation factor-1alpha; expressed sequence tagged; ribosomal proteins ID TICK-BORNE DISEASES; VACCINE; PROTEINS; ANTIGENS; CULTURES; SURFACE; GROWTH; GENES AB The availability of a stage-specific Babesia bovis expression profile can facilitate the identification of candidate vaccine antigens. In addition, highly expressed genes during a particular developmental stage may suggest their relevance during that stage. In this study, we generated and validated a custom B. bovis high density oligonucleotide microarray that can be used to examine gene expression levels. An expression profile of in vitro cultured intraerythrocytic stage genes that could be distinguished from contaminating host message was established, and the expression levels of over 1000 genes were ranked. Ranking order was validated using quantitative real time PCR on a twelve randomly selected open reading frames whose expression levels range from the highest to the acceptable lowest. Expression of annotated ORFs was consistent with results from a recently published B. bovis expression sequence tag study. Therefore, we conclude that the microarray is suitable for analyzing B. bovis gene expression, and present the complete B. bovis infected erythrocyte expression profile. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Microbial Genom, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lau, AOT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Microbial Genom, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM laua@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 117 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.03.004 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 206RY UT WOS:000249201800013 PM 17442309 ER PT J AU Kilaru, A Bailey, BA Hasenstein, KH AF Kilaru, Aruna Bailey, Bryan A. Hasenstein, Karl H. TI Moniliophthora perniciosa produces hormones and alters endogenous auxin and salicylic acid in infected cocoa leaves SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hemibiotroph; hormone quantification; Moniliophthora perniciosa; phytohormone; Theobroma cacao; witches' broom disease ID PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; THEOBROMA-CACAO; MARASMIUS-PERNICIOSUS; ABSCISIC-ACID; CAUSAL AGENT; IN-VITRO; SUBSTANCES; EXPRESSION AB Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causative agent of witches' broom disease in Theobroma cacao. Exogenously provided abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) promoted mycelial growth, suggesting the ability of the pathogen to metabolize plant hormones. ABA, IAA, JA, and SA were found endogenously in the mycelium and in the fruiting body of the pathogen. The pathogen contained high amounts of SA in the mycelium (0.5 +/- 0.04 mu g g(-1) DW) and IAA (2 +/- 0.6 mu g g(-1) DW) in the basidiocarps. Growth of the mycelium in the presence of host leaves for 10 days did not affect ABA or JA content of the leaves but IAA and SA increased 2.5- and 11-fold, respectively. The amounts of IAA and SA in infected leaves increased beyond the levels of the uninfected leaves and suggest a synergistic response to host-pathogen interaction. The ability of M. perniciosa to produce and sustain growth in the presence of elevated endogenous IAA and SA levels during colonization indicates that these phytohormones contribute to its pathogenicity. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. USDA, Agr Res Stn, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hasenstein, KH (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM hasenstein@louisiana.edu NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 274 IS 2 BP 238 EP 244 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00837.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 203FM UT WOS:000248960500012 PM 17610511 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Dien, BS Nichols, NN Bischoff, KM Hughes, SR Cotta, MA AF Liu, Siqing Dien, Bruce S. Nichols, Nancy N. Bischoff, Kenneth M. Hughes, Stephen R. Cotta, Michael A. TI Coexpression of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes in Lactobacillus brevis SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE transformation; gene expression; fermentation; pyruvate; lactic acid; ethanol; Gram-positive bacteria ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; CLONING; XYLOSE AB Lactobacillus brevis ATCC367 was engineered to express pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in order to increase ethanol fermentation from biomass-derived residues. First, a Gram-positive Sarcina ventriculi PDC gene (Svpdc) was introduced into L. brevis ATCC 367 to obtain L. brevis bbc03. The SvPDC was detected by immunoblot using an SvPDC oligo peptide antiserum, but no increased ethanol was detected in L. brevis bbc03. Then, an ADH gene from L. brevis (Bradh) was cloned behind the Svpdc gene that generated a pdc/adh-coupled ethanol cassette pBBC04. The pBBC04 restored anaerobic growth and conferred ethanol production of Escheirichia coli NZN111 (a fermentative defective strain incapable of growing anaerobically). Approximately 58 kDa (SvPDC) and 28 kDa (BrADH) recombinant proteins were observed in L. brevis bbc04. These results indicated that the Gram-positive ethanol production genes can be expressed in L. brevis using a Gram-positive promoter and pTRKH2 shuttle vector. This work provides evidence that expressing Gram-positive ethanol genes in pentose utilizing L. brevis will further aid manipulation of this microbe toward biomass to ethanol production. C1 Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. USDA, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL USA. RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. EM siqing.liu@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 274 IS 2 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00849.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 203FM UT WOS:000248960500019 PM 17651394 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP Albertyn, J Basehoar-Powers, E AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. Albertyn, Jacobus Basehoar-Powers, Eleanor TI Multigene phylogenetic analysis of the Lipomycetaceae and the proposed transfer of Zygozyma species to Lipomyces and Babjevia anomala to Dipodascopsis SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE yeasts; multigene phylogeny; Babjevia; Dipodascopsis; Lipomyces; Zygozyma ID COENZYME-Q SYSTEM; GEN-NOV; YEAST GENUS; MYXOZYMA; STRAINS; WALTOMYCES; AFFINITIES; ORGANISMS; COMPLEX AB Phylogenetic relationships among species assigned to genera of the family Lipomycetaceae were determined from analysis of the nearly entire large, subunit rRNA gene, the small subunit rRNA gene, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene and the translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene. Monophyly of the Lipomycetaceae was strongly supported, and currently described species appear genetically unique. The multigene analysis provided no support for maintaining the genera Kawasakia, Smithiozyma, Waltomyces or Zygozyma, and it is proposed that species in these genera be assigned to the genus Lipomyces. The monotypic genus Babjevia is a member of the Dipodascopsis clade and it is proposed to reassign Babjevia anomala to Dipodascopsis. The proposed changes will result in the Lipomycetaceae having two ascosporic genera, Lipomyces and Dipodascopsis, and the anamorphic genus Myxozyma. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Free State, Dept Microbial Biochem & Food Biotechnol, Bloemfontein, South Africa. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1034 DI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00246.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 203FF UT WOS:000248959800027 PM 17498213 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Eleven new species of Sugiyamaella and Candida from forest habitats SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE yeasts; multigene phylogeny; new species; Candida; Sugiyamaella ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; YEASTS; NOV AB Eleven new yeasts from forest habitats are described from nucleotide sequence analysis of the nearly entire large subunit rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA gene, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene, and the cytochrome oxidase II gene. All are members of the Sugiyamaella clade. Three are heterothallic species of Sugiyamaella and eight species are assigned to Candida. The Sugiyamaella species are: Su. americana sp. nov., type strain NRRL YB-2067 (CBS 10352), mating type a, and isotype NRRL YB-4197 (CBS 10353), mating type alpha; Su. chiloensis sp. nov., type strain NRRL Y-17646 (CBS 8168), mating type a, and isotype NRRL Y-27101 (CBS 5927), mating type alpha, anamorph Ca. bertae; Su. japonica sp. nov., type strain NRRL YB-2788 (CBS 10354), diploid, NRRL YB-2764 (CBS 10355), mating type a, and NRRL YB-2799 (CBS 10356), mating type alpha. The Candida species with type strains are: Ca. boreocaroliniensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-1835 (CBS 10344), Ca. floridensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-3827 (CBS 10350), Ca. grinbergsii sp. nov. NRRL Y-27117 (CBS 5924), Ca. lignohabitans sp. nov. NRRL YB-1473 (CBS 10342), Ca. marilandica sp. nov. NRRL YB-1847 (CBS 10346), Ca. marionensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-1336 (CBS 10341), Ca. neomexicana sp. nov. NRRL YB-2450 (CBS 10349), and Ca. pinicola sp. nov. NRRL YB-2263 (CBS 10348). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kurtzman@ncaur.usda.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1046 EP 1063 DI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00224.x PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 203FF UT WOS:000248959800029 PM 17367512 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI cDNA cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818) peroxiredoxin 6 gene SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; peroxiredoxin 6; Prdx6; antioxidant gene ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; ANTIOXIDANT PROTEIN-2; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; RAT; MOUSE; MICE AB The peroxiredoxin 6 gene (Prdx6) of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, has been cloned and characterized. The sequence of the channel catfish Prdx6 gene consists of 1,003 nucleotides. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 55-bp 5' and 276-bp 3'-untranslated regions. The open reading frame potentially encodes 223 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 24.6 kDa. The amino acid sequence of channel catfish Prdx6 had 85.2%, 77.7%, 74.1%, 73.7%, 73.7%, 73.7%, 73.2%, and 71.9% identity with that of zebrafish, chicken, human, mouse, Norway rat, pig, cow, and Xenopus laevis, respectively. Channel catfish Prdx6 had four cysteine residues. In addition to one conserved at Cys46, the Cys132 residue seems to be conserved among fish and frog. Channel catfish Prdx6 conserved two reactive motifs with peroxidase and phopholipase A(2) activity. The channel catfish Prdx6 transcript was detected in all the tissues analyzed, suggesting the gene is constitutively expressed and is involved in protecting channel catfish tissues from oxidative damage. This result will not only provide information for further exploration of the role of Prdx6 in fish pathophysiology but also fill the gap in the evolutionary tree. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM yyeh@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s10695-007-9135-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 195PG UT WOS:000248423500006 ER PT J AU Francis, A Bloem, KA Roda, AL Lapointe, SL Zhang, A Onokpise, O AF Francis, Antonio Bloem, Kenneth A. Roda, Amy L. Lapointe, Stephen L. Zhang, Aijun Onokpise, Oghenekome TI Development of trapping methods with a synthetic sex pheromone of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Maconellicoccus hirsutus; sex pheromone; monitoring; trap design; lure longevity; male flight activity ID PLANOCOCCUS-FICUS; TRAPS; OPTIMIZATION; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; VINEYARDS; HOMOPTERA; GREEN AB The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), threatens numerous crops of economic importance and could spread from populations in California and Florida to 33 other states. Field experiments conducted in Florida evaluated 3 commercially available trap designs baited with synthetic female sex pheromone for efficiency in trapping adult male M. hirsutus as well as ease in processing. Delta traps and double-sided sticky cards captured more males than Jackson traps. The Delta and Jackson traps were more effective at minimizing the capture of non-target insects. The effect of lure age on males captured was also evaluated by pre-aging lures outdoors for 0 to 8 months before testing. Fewer males were caught in Delta traps as the age of the lure increased, with significantly fewer caught in traps that had been pre-aged for 2 months. Monitoring of male flight activity throughout diel cycle with baited Delta traps indicated that males were most active around dusk. The field experiments also showed that the pheromone traps often capture males in areas where no visual indication of an infestation is evident. The pheromone trap may serve as a valuable tool to detect new infestations of pink hibiscus mealybug. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Miami, FL USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. USDA ARS, PSI, BARC, Chem Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Francis, A (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 440 EP 446 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[440:DOTMWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100005 ER PT J AU Porter, SD Valles, SM Davis, TS Briano, JA Calcaterra, LA Oi, DH Jenkins, A AF Porter, Sanford D. Valles, Steven M. Davis, Timothy S. Briano, Juan A. Calcaterra, Luis A. Oi, David H. Jenkins, Austin TI Host specificity of the microsporidian pathogen Vairimorpha iivvictae at five field sites with infected Solenopsis invicta fire ant colonies in northern Argentina SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; host range; Formicidae; Microsporidia ID THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; SOUTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; BURENELLIDAE; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; DISCOVERY AB The microsporidian pathogen Vairimorpha invictae is being evaluated for release in the United States as a potential self-sustaining biological control agent for imported fire ants. We examined the host range of this pathogen at 5 sites in northern Argentina where Solenopsis invicta Buren fire ant colonies had high levels of infection (28-83%). At 3 sites near the city of Corrientes, we examined 509 non-Solenopsis ants from 61 collections, 12 genera, and 19 species with a polymerase chain reaction-based screening procedure. No V invictae infections were detected in any of the samples. At 2 sites near San Javier in Santa Fe Province, 350 km to the south, we screened another 438 non-Solenopsis ants from 44 baits, 4 genera, and 4 species, again with no infections. At the Corrientes sites, we also examined 235 non-ant arthropods from 10 orders, 43 families, and more than 80 species. None were infected with V invictae. The results of this study indicate that, in its native South American range, V invictae is specific to Solenopsis fire ants. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. Clemson Univ, Sandhill Res & Educ Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. USDA ARS, S American Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Porter, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[447:HSOTMP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100006 ER PT J AU Ferkovich, SM Venkatesan, T Shapiro, JP Carpenter, JE AF Ferkovich, Stephen M. Venkatesan, Thiruvengadam Shapiro, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, James E. TI Presentation of artificial diet: Effects of composition and size of prey and diet domes on egg production by Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera : Anthocoridae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE predator; artificial diet; egg size; prey egg proteins; predator; egg production; nutrition; oviposition; diet presentation; diet acceptance ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; PURIFIED NUTRITIONAL FACTOR; CELL-LINE; CHRYSOPERLA-RUFILABRIS; INSECT PREDATOR; BUG; COLEOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; LARVAE; COCCINELLIDAE AB The size of prey is critical to the feeding success of any given predator, but the effects of diet packet size have not been studied. We examined the effects of size of packets (Parafilm@ domes) of artificial diet and the size of prey eggs on oviposition and mortality rates of Orius insidiosus (Say). Artificial diet was presented to adult female O. insidiosus in 10-, 25- and 50-mu L domes for 6 d and rate of oviposition was measured for 24 h. Oviposition was highest after feeding on the 10-mu L domes, decreased slightly on the 25-mu L domes, and was significantly reduced on the 50-mu L domes. The effect of capsule size was negated on the 25-mu L and 50-mu L diet domes when the diet was supplemented with E. kuehniella egg protein. Predators were also fed eggs of 4 species of Lepidoptera, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius), ranging in volume from 19 +/- 1.7 mu L (mean +/- SD) for R interpunctella to 108 +/- 21.3 mu L for H. virescens eggs. Oviposition was highest and comparable on the E. kuehniella, R interpunctella and H. virescens eggs and significantly less on S. frugiperda and H. virescens eggs. Oviposition positively correlated and mortality negatively correlated with weight-specific protein contents of the eggs, but neither correlated with egg volume. When all species of eggs were extracted and combined with diet in domes of constant size and constant protein content, only extracts of E. kuehniella and R interpunctella eggs were more active than diet alone. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Project Directorate Biol Control, Biotechnol Lab, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ferkovich, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr,PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[502:POADEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100014 ER PT J AU Boughton, AJ Wu, J Pemberton, RW AF Boughton, Anthony J. Wu, Judy Pemberton, Robert W. TI Mating biology of Austromusotima camptozonale (Lepidoptera : Crambidae), a potential biological control agent of Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum (Schizaeaceae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Austromusotima camptozonale; mating biology; Lygodium microphyllum ID SEX-PHEROMONE; INVASIVE WEED; MOTH; NOCTUIDAE; FECUNDITY; BEHAVIOR; POLYANDRY; LONGEVITY; INSECTS; FEMALES AB Austromusotima camptozonale (Hampson) is under investigation as a potential biological control agent of Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br., which is a serious invasive weed in southern Florida. Studies were conducted to investigate aspects of the mating biology of A. camptozonale with a view to improving field colonization efforts. A laboratory colony of A. camptozonale had a female-biased sex ratio of 1:1.3 male:female, with females emerging slightly earlier than males. The majority of female moths mated only once, even when they were confined with multiple males for several nights. Sex ratio had a significant effect on the percentage of females that were mated, with higher percentages of females mated at high male sex ratios. However sex ratio had no effect on the number of times individual females mated. Larval production was significantly higher in colony cages with high male sex ratios, and this was likely due to the higher percentages of females that were mated in these cages. Data suggest that A. camptozonale females are likely to be functionally monandrous under field conditions. Females produced a lifetime average of 61.2 +/- 9.7 larvae, and were short-lived, surviving an average of 5.7 +/- 0.5 d. Females began oviposition on the first night after mating and continued until the day of their death. However 90% of eggs were deposited between the first and third night after mating. Due to the short lifespan of female moths, adults may not be the best life stage for field release in a biological control program, owing to likely disruption of critical mating and oviposition activities. Elevating the ratio of males in colony mating cages is a strategy for maximizing female reproductive output. C1 USDA ARS, Invasive Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. USDA ARS, Student Conservat Assoc, Invasive Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Boughton, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invasive Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[509:MBOACL]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100015 ER PT J AU Evans, GA Halbert, SE AF Evans, Gregory A. Halbert, Susan E. TI A checklist of the aphids of Honduras (Hemiptera : Aphididae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; aphids; Honduras; survey; host plants; citrus tristeza AB Forty-six species, belonging to 30 different genera of aphids, are reported from Honduras. Of these, 26 represent new distribution records for Honduras. A list of the plant hosts in Honduras on which the aphid species were collected is included. C1 USDA, APHIS, NIS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Div Plant Ind, Florida State Collect Anthropods, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Evans, GA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, NIS, BARC W, Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[518:ACOTAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100016 ER PT J AU Tate, CD Carpenter, JE Bloem, S AF Tate, Colothdian D. Carpenter, James E. Bloem, Stephanie TI Influence of radiation dose on the level of F-1 sterility in the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cactus moth; weed biological control; F-1 sterility; sterile insect technique; invasive species ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NORTH-AMERICA; INHERITED STERILITY; HOST-SPECIFICITY; MUSK THISTLE; OPUNTIA; AUSTRALIA; DIPTERA; FLORIDA; MEXICO AB We examined inherited sterility effects on the F-1 and F-2 generations of the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) after gamma sterilization. Our objectives were to identify the dose of gamma radiation that would fully sterilize F-1-generation moths and result in no viable offspring when F-1 males were inbred- or out-crossed to fertile females, and that would allow maximum production of F-1 sterile C. cactorum adults by irradiated males. Newly emerged adults of C. cactorum were exposed to increasing doses of gamma radiation and inbred or out-crossed to fertile counterparts. Inherited effects resulting from irradiation of males and females were expressed in the F-1 generation as reduced egg hatch, increased developmental time for the F, egg, and increased F, larval to adult mortality. These effects were most pronounced when parental adults were irradiated at 200 Gy. Survival of F,-generation offspring originating from irradiated male x fertile female crosses was greatest at 200 Gy. In addition, inbred- and out-crosses of surviving F-1 adults, with 1 parent irradiated at 200 Gy, resulted in no F, adults. Maximum production of sterile F-1 adults at 200 Gy suggests this dose is the most appropriate dose for implementing the sterile insect technique (SIT)-F-1 sterility for control of C. cactorum in North America and for testing host suitability and potential geographical range in the field. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST Decis Support, Pest Management Syst Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,PERAL, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Tate, CD (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST Decis Support, Pest Management Syst Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[537:IORDOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100018 ER PT J AU Schroer, S Pemberton, RW AF Schroer, Sibylle Pemberton, Robert W. TI Host acceptance trials of parasitolds from Indian Paratachardina lobata (Hemiptera : Kerriidae) on the invasive lobate lac scale in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Eulophidae; Aphelinidae; Encyrtidae; biological control; host suitability; immune response ID COCCOIDEA HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HYMENOPTERA; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; ENCAPSULATION; ENCYRTIDAE; MEALYBUG AB The invasive lobate lac scale identified as Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera: Keriidae), native to southern India and Sri Lanka, is a severe threat to native and economic plants in southern Florida. In an attempt to find appropriate control against the invasive scale, 3 parasitoid species associated with R lobata in its native southern India were tested in host acceptance trials in quarantine. Ooencyrtus kerriae Hayat (Encyrtidae) and Coccophagus parlobatae Hayat (Aphelinidae) drill their ovipositor through the rigid lac covering of the scale, whereas Aprostocetus bangaloricus Narendran (Eulophidae) oviposits into the anal pore of the scale. Despite this apparent oviposition behavior, their reproduction on lobate lac scale in these tests failed. Ooencyrtus kerriae and C. parlobatae yielded insignificant numbers of offspring and A. bangaloricus did not reproduce on lobate lac scale in Florida. To investigate the lack of offspring, scales were dissected 2 months after parasitoid oviposition. No parasitoid development to the larval stage was recorded in the scales, but round blood cell accumulations were found, which appeared to be encapsulations of parasitoid eggs. These findings indicate a strong immune response of the invasive scale to the tested parasitoids. The unsuitability of the invasive lac scale as a host for these parasitoids suggests that the invasive lobate lac scale and the Indian R lobata differ physiologically. Additional surveys are needed to find a better matching form of the invasive lobate lac scale in order to obtain more suitable parasitoids for the control of this serious pest in Florida. C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. USDA ARS, Invasive Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Schroer, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[545:HATOPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100019 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT AF Vogt, James T. TI Three-dimensional sampling method for characterizing ant mounds SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; FORMICIDAE MOUNDS; HYMENOPTERA; ORIENTATION; NESTS AB A field-portable 3D laser scanner was employed as a means of digitizing the surface of fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) mounds for analysis of shape and orientation in Mississippi and Oklahoma. Estimates of above-ground mound volume obtained through manual measurements of mound length, width, and height were higher and more variable than estimates obtained by summing the area underneath interpolated mound surfaces. Mounds were typically elliptical in shape and oriented in a north-south direction. The mound apex was offset to the northeast of the mean mound center by an average of 46 5 mm. Additional mound characteristics extracted from 3D data included slope (degrees), surface area, and slope within mound aspect (northeast, southeast, etc.). Advantages of the methodology employed in this study and possible explanations for fire ant mound shape are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pest Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pest Res Unit, PO Box 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[553:TSMFCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100020 ER PT J AU Henne, DC Johnson, SJ Porter, SD AF Henne, Donald C. Johnson, Seth J. Porter, Sanford D. TI Status of the fire ant decapitating fly Pseudacteon tricuspis (Diptera : Phoridae) in Louisiana SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE red imported fire ant; Solenopsis invicta; biological control; establishment ID FLIES DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PARASITOIDS; DISPERSAL AB Eight releases of the South American fire ant decapitating fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, were conducted in Louisiana from 1999 to 2006. Although P tricuspis was initially recaptured at 88% of the release sites, four of the releases ultimately failed, so long-term establishment was only 43%. Fly populations from two releases have expanded out 50-80 km from their release sites (Fall 2006). C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Henne, DC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, 404 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[565:SOTFAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100022 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Miller, DR AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Miller, Douglass R. TI First record of Acizzia jamatonica (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) in North America: Friend or foe? SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 573 EP 573 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[573:FROAJH]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100024 ER PT J AU Valles, SM AF Valles, Steven M. TI Ethanol preservation of fire ants allows retrospective screening for solenopsis invicta virus-1 SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECIMENS C1 USDA ARS, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vet Adm Med Ctr, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 577 EP 578 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[577:EPOFAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100026 ER PT J AU Conway, HE Forrester, OT AF Conway, Hugh E. Forrester, O. Thomas TI Comparison of mexican fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) capture between mcphail traps with torula and multilure traps with biolures in south Texas SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLIES DIPTERA; FLUCTUATIONS C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Conway, HE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 579 EP 580 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[579:COMFFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216WG UT WOS:000249909100027 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, T. P. TI Predictive models for growth of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 from low and high initial density on ground chicken with a natural microflora SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella typhimurium DT104; predictive models; ground chicken; growth ID RESPONSE-SURFACE MODELS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LAG TIME; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; BACTERIA; POULTRY; STRAINS AB A single strain (ATCC 700408) of Sahnonella typhimurium DT104 was used to investigate and model growth from a low (1.12 log(10) mpn g(-1)) and high (3.7 log(10) cfu g-1) initial density on ground chicken with a natural microflora. Kinetic data for growth of the pathogen on ground chicken were fit to a primary model to determine lag time (lambda), maximum specific growth rate (mu) and maximum population density (N-max). Secondary models for lambda, mu and N-max, as a function of temperature (10-40 degrees C), were developed and compared among initial densities. Variation of pathogen growth among replicates (n = 4 or 5) was higher at 10-18 degrees C than at 22-40 degrees C and was higher for N-max than lambda and mu. Prediction problems were observed when secondary models developed with one initial density were used to predict lambda, mu and N-max from the other initial density, especially at 10- 18 degrees C and for N-max. These results indicated that variation of growth among replicate challenge studies and initial density are important factors to consider when developing predictive models for growth of S. typhimurium DT104 on ground chicken with a natural microflora. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM toscar@umes.edu NR 36 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 640 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2006.11.003 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 181JT UT WOS:000247433700012 PM 17418316 ER PT J AU Hiett, KL Stern, NJ Fedorka-Cray, P Cox, NA Seal, BS AF Hiett, Kelli L. Stern, Norman J. Fedorka-Cray, Paula Cox, Nelson A. Seal, Bruce S. TI Molecular Phylogeny of the flaA short variable region among Campylobacter jejuni isolates collected during an annual evaluation of poultry flocks in the southeastern United States SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BROILER-CHICKENS; CARCASSES; ENTERITIS; CONTAMINATION; COLONIZATION; COLI; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB Production and processing samples were collected from eight commercial poultry flocks in the southeastern United States and examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. In an effort to determine relatedness, recovered isolates were typed using flaA short variable region (SVR) DNA sequence analysis. Six of the eight production flocks tested were Campylobacter positive. In general, multiple Campylobacter flaA SVR types were present within a flock. Additionally, types found within a flock were also recovered from the final processed carcass. However, in two cases, the population of Campylobacter flaA SVR types on the processed carcass differed from those recovered from the production samples. Comparison of subtypes among flocks reared on different farms and during different seasons revealed that subtypes of Campylobacter spp. persisted throughout the year and in different locations. Environmental samples from seven of the eight farms tested were also Campylobacter positive. In one flock, a drag swab of the rearing facility was Campylobacter spp. positive while the flock and the final product were both negative. For the remaining sampling periods, environmental samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. concomitant with recovery of Campylobacter spp. from the chickens. In the remaining six flocks, the majority of environmental isolates recovered possessed flaA SVR types identical to isolates recovered from the birds, while in only one case, a recovered environmental isolate possessed a flaA SVR type that was not related to isolates obtained from the flock. Interpretation of these data suggest that the external environment and the poultry production environment share common subtypes of Campylobacter spp. and that these subtypes can contribute to contamination of the final commercial product. C1 Russell Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. USDA ARS, Bacteriol Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resist Res U, Athens, Greece. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), Russell Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA USA. EM kelli.hiett@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0008 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 212ZW UT WOS:000249636700009 PM 17883317 ER PT J AU Vincent, V Scott, HM Harvey, RB Alali, WQ Hume, ME AF Vincent, Virginia Scott, H. Morgan Harvey, Roger B. Alali, Walid Q. Hume, Michael E. TI Novel surveillance of Salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg epidemics in a closed community SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; WASTE-WATER; PATTERNS; SWINE AB Pathogen and disease surveillance and control represent important public health priorities in high-density and high-risk populations such as nursing homes, cruise ships, military bases, hospitals, and prisons. Reportable disease investigations, along with syndromic surveillance, have been used to identify and characterize outbreaks in their early stages. In this study, we provide evidence that ongoing wastewater monitoring could be used to supplement these traditional methods in at-risk closed communities. During 2003-2005, a systematic and regularly timed human and farm-animal wastewater sampling scheme existed in several geographically distinct locations of a multisite population in Texas. In early July 2003, an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg occurred in the human population at one site. Wastewater samples from the weeks before, during, and after the outbreak were tested for the pathogen. Selective culture, serogrouping, and serotyping techniques as well as real-time polymerase chain reaction and pulsed field gel electrophoresis were used to detect and characterize the Salmonella Heidelberg in each sample. The ability to detect the causative pathogen of an outbreak while it circulates in the host populations prior to and after an outbreak, as well as during the outbreak peak, suggests that wastewater could be used as a supplemental disease surveillance tool. To further explore this possibility, two subsequent outbreaks of uncharacterized gastroenteritis in additional locations were also investigated using wastewater samples. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Scott, HM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, VMA Bldg Rm 93, 4458 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hmscott@cvm.tamu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR019530-01] NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0025 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 212ZW UT WOS:000249636700013 PM 17883321 ER PT J AU Hamner, P White, M Araman, P AF Hamner, Peter White, Marshall Araman, Philip TI The frequency and level of sweep in mixed hardwood saw logs in the eastern United States SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUMBER; YIELDS AB Hardwood sawmills traditionally saw logs in a manner that either orients sawlines parallel to the log central axis (straight sawing) or the log surface (allowing for taper). Sweep is characterized as uniform curvature along the entire length of a log. For logs with sweep, lumber yield losses from straight and taper sawing increase with increasing levels of sweep. Curve sawing logs with sweep will increase yields by allowing logs with sweep to be sawn along their natural line of curvature. To better understand the potential for the utilization of curve sawing technology in hardwood sawmills of the eastern United States, it was necessary to determine the frequency and degree of sweep that occurs in hardwood sawlogs. In this study, 1,700 random hardwood logs from 17 sawmills located across eight eastern states were measured, analyzed, and classified for level of sweep based on the log scale deduction percentage attributed to sweep. Whereas the majority of eastern hardwood logs are considered straight, our results show that nearly one third of hardwood sawmill inventories have enough curvature to incur sweep scale deductions of 5 percent or more. For these logs, sweep scale deduction percentages increase as small-end diameter decreases and as length increases. Of the primary species sampled in this study, oak logs exhibited the highest average sweep scale deduction-5.9 percent. C1 Virginia Tech, Thomas M Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Hamner, P (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Thomas M Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM phamner@vt.edu; mswhitc@vt.edu; paraman@vt.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 57 IS 9 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 216EL UT WOS:000249861200003 ER PT J AU Young, TM Bond, BH Wiedenbeck, J AF Young, Timothy M. Bond, Brian H. Wiedenbeck, Jan TI Implementation of a real-time statistical process control system in hardwood sawmills SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Variation in sawmill processes reduces the financial benefit of converting fiber from a log into lumber. Lumber is intentionally oversized during manufacture to allow for sawing variation, shrinkage from drying, and final surfacing. This oversizing of lumber due to sawing variation requires higher operating targets and leads to suboptimal fiber recovery. For more than two decades, global businesses strategies have involved the use of statistical methods to reduce variation, improve quality, and lower costs as a means to ensure competitiveness. However, the use of statistical methods by the sawmill industry as a strategy to reduce process variation and improve competitiveness appears to be an exception rather than the norm. Only a few highly competitive sawmills are currently using statistical methods to maximize recovery, minimize costs, and improve product quality. Given the current and future economic pressures faced by this industry, sawmills of the future may need to consider the use of statistical methods to maximize fiber recovery. In our study, a real-time statistical process control system was developed and implemented for green lumber thickness measurement. The system used wireless measurement of lumber thickness displayed on control charts and histograms distributed real-time to all sawyers and management. Use of the system by four hardwood sawmills located in the United States resulted in significant cost savings. Target size reductions occurred at each sawmill and ranged from 0.030 inch to 0.120 inch for 4/4 green hardwood lumber. Lumber recovery increased at all sawmills, ranging from 0.2 percent to 1.6 percent per annum. Financial performance from use of the system improved for all sawmills with an average return on investment of 17:1. C1 Univ Tennessee, Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV USA. RP Young, TM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tmyoung1@utk.edu; bbond@vt.edu; jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us RI Young, Timothy/D-9949-2011 OI Young, Timothy/0000-0001-9564-6506 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 57 IS 9 BP 54 EP 62 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 216EL UT WOS:000249861200008 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Hatfield, CA AF Winandy, Jerrold E. Hatfield, Cherilyn A. TI Analysis of three-year Wisconsin temperature histories for roof systems using wood, wood-thermoplastic composite, and fiberglass shingles SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Temperature histories for various types of roof shingles, wood roof sheathing, rafters, and nonventilated attics were monitored in outdoor attic structures using simulated North American light-framed construction. In this paper, 3-year thermal load histories for wood-based composite roof sheathing, wood rafters, and attics under western redcedar (WRC) shingles, wood-thermoplastic composite (WTPC) shingles, and black and white fiberglass shingles are reported and analyzed. The maximum hourly-average temperatures experienced were 70.7 degrees C and 61.8 degrees C for black and white fiberglass shingles, respectively; 48.2 degrees C for WRC shingles; and 45.7 degrees C and 46.3 degrees C for WTPC shingles applied over lath or directly over felt, respectively. On hot summer days, black fiberglass shingles were commonly found to be almost 10 degrees C hotter than white fiberglass shingles and more than 20 degrees C hotter than WRC or WTPC shingles. Other components in the roof assemblies and the attic air temperatures followed similar trends. The implications of these thermal loads under different types of roof shingles on comparative service-life for the shingles and the various wood components in the roof systems are discussed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM jwinandy@fs.fed.us; cahatfield@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 57 IS 9 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 216EL UT WOS:000249861200013 ER PT J AU Ferreira, ALA Yeum, KJ Matsubara, LS Matsubara, BB Correa, CR Pereira, EJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Tang, GW AF Ferreira, Ana Lucia Anjos Yeum, Kyung-Jin Matsubara, Luiz Shiguero Matsubara, Beatriz Bojikian Correa, Camila R. Pereira, Elenize Jamas Russell, Robert Mitchell Krinsky, Norman I. Tang, Guangwen TI Doxorubicin as an antioxidant: Maintenance of myocardial levels of lycopene under doxorubicin treatment SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lycopene; doxorubicin; heart; rat; enzymatic cleavage; oxidative cleavage; antioxidant capacity ID ADRIAMYCIN-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY; BETA-CAROTENE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-E; INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; NADH DEHYDROGENASE; HEART-MITOCHONDRIA; CANCER-PATIENTS AB The mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity remains controversial. Wistar rats (n=96) were randomly assigned to a control (C), lycopene (L), doxorubicin (D), or doxorubicin+lycopene (DL) group. The L and DL groups received lycopene (5 mg/kg body wt/day by gavage) for 7 weeks. The D and DL groups received doxombicin (4 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally) at 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks and were killed at 7 weeks for analyses. Myocardial tissue lycopene levels and total antioxidant performance (TAP) were analyzed by HPLC and fluorometry, respectively. Lycopene metabolism was determined by incubating H-2(10)-lycopene with intestinal mucosa postmitochondrial fraction and lipoxygenase and analyzed with HPLC and APCI mass spectroscopy. Myocardial tissue lycopene levels in DL and L were similar. TAP adjusted for tissue protein were higher in myocardium of D than those of C (P=0.002). Lycopene metabolism study identified a lower oxidative cleavage of lycopene in D as compared to those of C. Our results showed that lycopene was not depleted in myocardium of lycopene-supplemented rats treated with doxorubicin and that higher antioxidant capacity in myocardium and less oxidative cleavage of lycopene in intestinal mucosa of doxorubicin-treated rats suggest an antioxidant role of doxombicin rather than acting as a prooxidant. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 UNESP, Fac Med Botucatu, Dept Internal Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ferreira, ALA (reprint author), UNESP, Fac Med Botucatu, Dept Clin Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM ferreira@fmb.unesp.br RI Matsubara, Beatriz/B-1692-2008; Matsubara, Luiz/D-5061-2009 NR 68 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 740 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.002 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 199ER UT WOS:000248679500010 PM 17664138 ER PT J AU Wagner, CG AF Wagner, Cynthia G. TI Great plains grasslands at risk SO FUTURIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Wagner, CG (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD FUTURE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, STE 450, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-3317 J9 FUTURIST JI Futurist PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 199EY UT WOS:000248680200013 ER PT J AU Kyte, C Chen, J Valcin, M Chan, W Wetmur, JG Selhub, J Hunter, DJ Ma, J AF Kyte, C. Chen, J. Valcin, M. Chan, W. Wetmur, J. G. Selhub, J. Hunter, D. J. Ma, J. TI Polymorphisms in the one-carbon metabolic pathway, and the risk and survival of colorectal cancer SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY SEP 07-10, 2007 CL York, ENGLAND SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Community, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Epidemiol, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Sch Publ Hlt, Dept Nutr, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 MA 105 BP 635 EP 635 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 210SP UT WOS:000249476200113 ER PT J AU Johnson, ES Mora, A Schnell, RJ AF Johnson, Elizabeth S. Mora, Antonio Schnell, Raymond J. TI Field Guide efficacy in the identification of reallocated clonally propagated accessions of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cost reduction of cacao SSR fingerprinting; genotype verification of genetic resources; germplasm misidentification; reference cacao genotype; SSR fingerprinting; Theobroma cacao L ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; GERMPLASM; POPULATIONS; MARKERS; DNA AB Misidentification is a major constraint to the conservation and utilization of cacao genetic resources. One solution for rapid and accurate identification is to produce a Field Guide for each recognized cacao early generation original population. Each Field Guide in this series of compendia would be comprised of pod digital images with complementary morphological descriptors, molecular fingerprint data with kinship analyses and agronomic data useful to cacao cultivar development. This Field Guide Concept culminated in the production of the first compendium entitled, Field Guide to the ICS Clones of Trinidad. In the current study, this Field Guide was used to verify the identity of 69 trees representing a possible 15 ICS clone genotypes introduced nearly 50 years ago to Costa Rica. Phase one of this study involved identity verification of the trees in Costa Rica using the pod digital image and morphological descriptor data in the Field Guide to the ICS Clones of Trinidad. The error rate was 3.5% for misidentification in the field in Costa Rica. In the second and final phase, SSR fingerprint data were generated for each of the 69 trees and analyzed for verification to the original ICS genotype in the Field Guide. Misidentification was reduced to 0% with the addition of SSR fingerprint analyses. The 69 trees in this study clustered into two groups or sub-populations clearly differentiated by Discriminant analyses with six SSR primers. A 46% cost reduction in SSR fingerprinting of the ICS clones was realized by combining use of the pod image and morphological descriptor data in the Field Guide with genetic diversity estimates derived from these six primers. A Field Guide approach to the identification of reference genotypes for cacao germplasm is discussed. C1 USDA, CABI Biosci, Lab Biotecnol, Turrialba, Costa Rica. CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Johnson, ES (reprint author), USDA, CABI Biosci, Lab Biotecnol, CATIE 7170, Turrialba, Costa Rica. EM johnsoel@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1313 DI 10.1007/s10722-006-9111-7 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 191MT UT WOS:000248136000014 ER PT J AU Zhong, SQ Jannink, JL AF Zhong, Shengqiang Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Using quantitative trait loci results to discriminate among crosses on the basis of their progeny mean and variance SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; WINTER-WHEAT CROSSES; RECURRENT SELECTION; RIDGE-REGRESSION; VARIETAL ABILITY; COMPLEX TRAITS; ENTIRE GENOME; LINE CROSSES; POPULATIONS; PREDICTION AB To develop inbred lines, parents are crossed to generate segregating populations from which superior inbred progeny are selected. The value of a particular cross thus depends on the expected performance of its best progeny, which we call the superior progeny value. Superior progeny value is a linear combination of the mean of the cross's progeny and their standard deviation. In this study we specify theory to predict a cross's progeny standard deviation from QTL results and explore analytically and by simulation the variance of that standard deviation under different genetic models. We then study the impact of different QTL analysis methods on the prediction accuracy of a cross's superior progeny value. We show that including all markers, rather than only markers with significant effects, improves the prediction. Methods that account for the uncertainty of the QTL analysis by integrating over the posterior distributions of effect estimates also produce better predictions than methods that retain only point estimates from the QTL analysis. The utility of including estimates of a cross's among-progeny standard deviation in the prediction increases with increasing heritability and marker density but decreasing genome size and QTL number. This utility is also higher if crosses are envisioned only among the best parents rather than among all parents. Nevertheless, we show that among crosses the variance of progeny means is generally much greater than the variance of progeny standard deviations, restricting the utility of estimates of progeny standard deviations to a relatively small parameter space. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov RI Zhong, Shengqiang/E-3816-2010 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 177 IS 1 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.075358 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 218XM UT WOS:000250049300047 PM 17660556 ER PT J AU Coyne, CJ McClendon, MT Walling, JG Timmerman-Vaughan, GM Murray, S Meksem, K Lightfoot, DA Shultz, JL Keller, KE Martin, RR Inglis, DA Rajesh, PN McPhee, KE Weeden, NF Grusak, MA Li, CM Storlie, EW AF Coyne, C. J. McClendon, M. T. Walling, J. G. Timmerman-Vaughan, G. M. Murray, S. Meksem, K. Lightfoot, D. A. Shultz, J. L. Keller, K. E. Martin, R. R. Inglis, D. A. Rajesh, P. N. McPhee, K. E. Weeden, N. F. Grusak, M. A. Li, C.-M. Storlie, E. W. TI Construction and characterization of two bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of pea (Pisum sativum L.) for the isolation of economically important genes SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE BAC library; pea seed-borne mosaic virus; PSbMV; fusarium wilt; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp pisi; PI 269818 ID DNA; PLANTS AB Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has a genome of about 4 Gb that appears to share conserved synteny with model legumes having genomes of 0.2-0.4 Gb despite extensive intergenic expansion. Pea plant inventory (PI) accession 269818 has been used to introgress genetic diversity into the cultivated germplasm pool. The aim here was to develop pea bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries that would enable the isolation of genes involved in plant disease resistance or control of economically important traits. The BAC libraries encompassed about 3.2 haploid genome equivalents consisting of partially HindIII-digested DNA fragments with a mean size of 105 kb that were inserted in I of 2 vectors. The low-copy oriT-based T-DNA vector (pCLD04541) library contained 55 680 clones. The single-copy oriS-based vector (pIndigo-BAC-5) library contained 65 280 clones. Colony hybridization of a universal chloroplast probe indicated that about 1% of clones in the libraries were of chloroplast origin. The presence of about 0.1% empty vectors was inferred by white/blue colony plate counts. The usefulness of the libraries was tested by 2 replicated methods. First, high-density filters were probed with low copy number sequences. Second, BAC plate-pool DNA was used successfully to PCR amplify 7 of 9 published pea resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and several other low copy number pea sequences. Individual BAC clones encoding specific sequences were identified. Therefore, the HindIII BAC libraries of pea, based on germplasm accession PI 269818, will be useful for the isolation of genes underlying disease resistance and other economically important traits. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Washington State Univ, NW Washington Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Augustana Coll, Dept Biol, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA. RP Coyne, CJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM coynec@wsu.edu RI Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail/J-7574-2013; OI Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail/0000-0001-5538-6383; Lightfoot, David/0000-0002-5725-4381 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 9 BP 871 EP 875 DI 10.1139/G07-063 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 224GW UT WOS:000250436500011 PM 17893728 ER PT J AU Ritchie, JC McCarty, GW Venteris, ER Kaspar, TC AF Ritchie, Jerry C. McCarty, Gregory W. Venteris, Erik R. Kaspar, T. C. TI Soil and soil organic carbon redistribution on the landscape SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium on Geomorphology and Ecosystems CY 2005 CL Buffalo, NY DE soil organic carbon; SOC; carbon; landscape; soil erosion; soil deposition; topography; slope ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; C SEQUESTRATION; LAND-USE; EROSION; DEPOSITION; YIELD; EMISSIONS; PATTERNS; CROPLAND; IMPACTS AB Patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) vary widely across the landscape leading to large uncertainties in the SOC budget especially for agricultural landscapes where water, tillage and wind erosion redistributes soil and SOC across the landscape. It is often assumed that soil erosion results in a loss of SOC from the agricultural ecosystem but recent studies indicate that soil erosion and its subsequent redistribution within fields can stimulate carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems. This study investigates the relationship between SOC and soil redistribution patterns on agricultural landscapes. Soil redistribution (erosion and deposition) patterns were estimated in three tilled agricultural fields using the fallout 137 Cesium technique. Cs-137 and SOC concentrations of upland soils are significantly correlated in our study areas. Upland areas (eroding) have significantly less SOC than soils in deposition areas. SOC decreased as gradient slope increases and soils on concave slopes had higher SOC than soils on convex slopes. These data suggest that soil redistribution patterns and topographic patterns may be used to help understand SOC dynamics on the landscape. Different productivity and oxidation rates of SOC of eroded versus deposited soils also contribute to SOC spatial patterns. However, the strong significant relationships between soil redistribution and SOC concentrations in the upland soil suggest that they are moving along similar physical pathways in these systems. Our study also indicates that geomorphic position is important for understanding soil movement and redistribution patterns within a field or watershed. Such information can help develop or implement management systems to increase SOC in agricultural ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ritchie, Jerry C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.; Venteris, Erik R.] USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kaspar, T. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov OI Venteris, Erik/0000-0001-9863-6098 NR 32 TC 64 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.021 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244WB UT WOS:000251894900012 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Ruckle, JM Abaye, AO AF Belesky, D. P. Ruckle, J. M. Abaye, A. O. TI Seasonal distribution of herbage mass and nutritive value of Prairiegrass (Bromus catharticus Vahl) SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE botanical composition; crude protein; forage production; nutritive value; total non-structural carbohydrate ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA L.; TALL FESCUE; WILLDENOWII KUNTH; DEFOLIATION MANAGEMENT; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; APPALACHIAN PLATEAU; DRYLAND CONDITIONS; LEAF STAGE; GRASS AB A reliable supply of herbage is a crucial feature of forage-based livestock systems. Forage resources with winter-active growth habits can help extend the growing season in early spring and late autumn in regions with mild-winter conditions while drought- and heat-tolerant plants help meet herbage needs during summer in humid temperate regions. The prairiegrass (Bromus catharticus, Vahl) cultivars, Grassland Dixon and Grasslands Lakota, provide resistance to foliar disease and cold in addition to sustained productivity when soit moisture is low, and could be useful over a wide range of growing conditions. The cultivars were sown in spring or summer to determine seasonal distribution of productivity and nutritive value of herbage grown in a cool-temperate region. Stands established rapidly regardless of sowing time or cultivar and were virtually pure prairiegrass once plants were well -established. Stand composition of broadcast sowings tended to be stable in subsequent growing seasons, whereas the amount of prairiegrass varied in no-till stands. In the growing seasons after establishment, cumulative dry matter (DM) yield of Lakota was similar regardless of when it was sown, whereas DM yield of Dixon differed with sowing time and was less in spring- than summer-planted stands. Rapid stand establishment, significant. lateseason yield, consistent concentrations of crude protein, non-structural carbohydrate and total digestible nutrients in herbage, and dominance of sward composition, suggest that prairiegrass cultivars, Dixon and Lakota, are excellent resources for forage-based livestock production systems in humid temperate conditions. C1 USDA ARS, AFSRC, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, AFSRC, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2007.00584.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 206TV UT WOS:000249206700006 ER PT J AU Forsman, ED Swingle, JK AF Forsman, Eric D. Swingle, James K. TI USE OF ARBOREAL NESTS OF TREE VOLES (ARBORIMUS SPP.) BY AMPHIBIANS SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aneides ferreus; Aneides lugubris; Arboreality; Arborimus; Dicamptodon ensatus; Pseudacris regilla; Tree Vole AB We describe occupancy of arboreal nests of Tree Voles (Arborimus spp.) by four amphibian species in western Oregon and northern California, including Clouded Salamanders (Aneides ferreus), Arboreal Salamanders (Aneides lugubris), Pacific Tree Frogs (Pseudacris regilla), and a California Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus). These observations suggest that occupancy of the canopy of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests by arboreal amphibians may be a more common phenomenon than is generally known. We suggest that salamanders and Pacific Tree Frogs may be attracted to occupied vole nests because they support large populations of invertebrate prey and provide a damp microenvironment. Tree Voles may benefit from the presence of amphibians in their nests because the amphibians feed on mites and other arthropods that commonly infest vole nests. We suggest that more detailed studies are needed to determine the extent of arboreal activity by salamanders in Douglas-fir forests. C1 [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Swingle, James K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eforsman@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MT UT WOS:000207806800006 ER PT J AU Elliott, MK Alt, DP Zuerner, RL AF Elliott, Margaret K. Alt, David P. Zuerner, Richard L. TI Lesion formation and antibody response induced by papillomatous digital dermatitis-associated Spirochetes in a murine abscess model SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DAIRY-CATTLE; FORMALIN INACTIVATION; SUBCLASS RESTRICTION; ORAL TREPONEMES; T-CELL; PERIODONTITIS; PATHOGENESIS; LEPTOSPIRES; COMPLEMENT; VIRULENCE AB Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD), also known as hairy heel wart, is a growing cause of lameness of cows in the U.S. dairy industry. Farms with PDD-afflicted cows experience economic loss due to treatment costs, decreased milk production, lower reproductive efficiency, and premature culling. While the exact cause of PDD is unknown, lesion development is associated with the presence of anaerobic spirochetes. This study was undertaken to investigate the virulence and antigenic relatedness of four previously isolated Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes (1A, 3A, 4A, and 5B) by using a mouse abscess model with subcutaneous inoculation of 10(9), 10(10), and 10(11) spirochetes. Each of the PDD isolates induced abscess formation, with strain 3A causing cutaneous ulceration. Lesion development and antibody responses were dose dependent and differed significantly from those seen with the nonpathogenic human T. phagedenis strain. Strains 3A, 4A, and 513 showed two-way cross-reactivity with each other and a one-way cross-reaction with T. phagedenis. Strain 5B showed one-way cross-reactivity with 1A. None of the isolates showed cross-reactivity with T. denticola. In addition, distinct differences in immunoglobulin G subclass elicitation occurred between the PDD strains and T. phagedenis. From these data, we conclude that spirochetes isolated from PDD lesions have differential virulence and antigenic traits in vivo. Continuing investigation of these properties is important for the elucidation of virulence mechanisms and antigenic targets for vaccine development. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Elliott, MK (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 N Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM margaret.elliott@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 75 IS 9 BP 4400 EP 4408 DI 10.1128/IAI.00019-07 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 205RG UT WOS:000249131700024 PM 17591787 ER PT J AU Setiawan, T Metwali, A Blum, AM Ince, MN Urban, JF Elliott, DE Weinstock, JV AF Setiawan, Tommy Metwali, Ahmed Blum, Arthur M. Ince, M. Nedim Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Elliott, David E. Weinstock, Joel V. TI Heligmosomoides polygyrus promotes regulatory T-Cell cytokine production in the murine normal distal intestine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; TRICHURIS-SUIS THERAPY; EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS; CROHNS-DISEASE; IL-10-DEFICIENT MICE; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; TGF-BETA; PARASITES; ANTIGEN AB Helminths down-regulate inflammation and may prevent development of several autoimmune illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease. We determined if exposure to the duodenal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus establishes cytokine pathways in the distal intestine that may protect from intestinal inflammation. Mice received 200 H. polygrus larvae and were studied 2 weeks later. Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) were isolated from the terminal ileum for analysis and in vitro experiments. Mice with H. polygyrus were resistant to trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, a Th1 cytokine-dependent inflammation. Heligmosomoides polygyrus did not change the normal microscopic appearance of the terminal ileum and colon and minimally affected LPMC composition. However, colonization altered LPMC cytokine profiles, blocking gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) p40 release but promoting IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10 secretion. IL-10 blockade in vitro with anti-IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) monoclonal antibody restored LPMC IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40 secretion. IL-10 blockade in vivo worsened TNBS colitis in H. polygyrus-colonized mice. Lamina propria CD4(+) T cells isolated from colonized mice inhibited IFN-gamma, production by splenic T cells from worm-free mice. This inhibition did not require cell contact and was dependent on IL-10. Heligmosomoides polygyrus colonization inhibits Th1 and promotes Th2 and regulatory cytokine production in distant intestinal regions without changing histology or LPMC composition. IL-10 is particularly important for limiting the Th1 response. The T-cell origin of these cytokines demonstrates mucosal regulatory T-cell induction. C1 Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Iowa, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltdville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elliott, DE (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Div Gastroenterol, 4611 JCP,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM david-elliott@uiowa.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI49382, R01 AI049382]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK38327, DK25295, T32 DK007663, DK07663, R01 DK058755, DK58755, DK034928, R56 DK058755, R01 DK038327, P30 DK034928] NR 32 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 75 IS 9 BP 4655 EP 4663 DI 10.1128/IAI.00358-07 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 205RG UT WOS:000249131700054 PM 17606601 ER PT J AU Miyaji, T Kouzuma, Y Yaguchi, J Matsumoto, R Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ Yonekura, M AF Miyaji, Takayuki Kouzuma, Yoshiaki Yaguchi, Jun Matsumoto, Rika Kanost, Michael R. Kramer, Karl J. Yonekura, Masami TI Purification of a cysteine protease inhibitor from larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) and functional expression of the recombinant protein SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cysteine protease; cysteine protease inhibitor; cystatin; hemolymph; Manduca sexta; overexpression ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT KININOGEN; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PEREGRINA FLESH FLY; SARCOPHAGA-PEREGRINA; CYSTATIN DOMAINS; CDNA; CLONING; POTATO; IDENTITY; PAPAIN AB A cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI) with an apparent molecular mass of 11.5 kDa was purified from larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 followed by hydrophobic and ion-exchange column chromatographies. The purified cysteine proteinase inhibitor, denoted as MsCPI, strongly inhibited the plant cysteine protease, papain, with a K-i value of 5.5 x 10(-9)M. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a partial cDNA encoding MsCPI indicated that MsCPI consists of 105 amino acid residues in a sequence that is similar to sarcocystatin A from Sarcophaga peregrina. However, northern blotting and PCR analyses using the specific primers of MsCPI suggested that the mRNA encoding MsCPI had a size of more than 12 kilobases, which included at least six tandemly repeated MsCPI segments. MsCPI was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein effectively inhibited cysteine proteases from plants as well as from animals such as cathepsins B (K-i, 6.8 nM), H (3.0 nM), and L (0.87 nM). There was no inhibition exhibited toward trypsin, chymotrypsin, subtilisin, pepsin or themolysin. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ibaraki Univ, Coll Agr, Lab Food Mol Funct, Ami, Ibaraki 3000393, Japan. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Yonekura, M (reprint author), Ibaraki Univ, Coll Agr, Lab Food Mol Funct, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 3000393, Japan. EM yonekura@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 960 EP 968 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.05.003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 205TI UT WOS:000249137100008 PM 17681235 ER PT J AU Witmer, G Sayler, R Huggins, D Capelli, J AF Witmer, Gary Sayler, Rodney Huggins, David Capelli, Jason TI Ecology and management of rodents in no-till agriculture in Washington, USA SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; damage; deer mouse; feeding ecology; Microtus; Peromyscus; rodent; vole ID MICROTUS-MONTANUS; PALOUSE REGION; POPULATIONS; DENSITY; WILDLIFE; SYSTEMS; VOLES; PERCEPTIONS; REPELLENTS; PRODUCERS AB No-till farming is an important approach to sustainable agriculture because it can conserve soil and water resources. Unfortunately, rodent populations can thrive under no-till conditions because burrow systems are not disrupted by annual plowing and plant residues build-up on the surface, providing cover and insulation. This can result in substantial crop damage. We assessed rodent populations, habitat use, food habits, and crop damage in a no-till cropping system in Washington, USA. We also conducted preliminary trials of methods to reduce rodent populations and crop damage. In the fall, many more rodents were captured in fields with unharvested crops than in fields containing only plant stubble, suggesting that rodents leave fields after crop harvest, providing that suitable habitats are nearby, even when adequate cover is still available in harvested crop fields. By spring, the number of voles captured was much lower relative to fall. Despite this, capture rates were much higher in surrounding permanent grass areas than in crop (barley, wheat, pea) fields, suggesting that these grassy areas serve as refugia for rodents. Furthermore, the permanent grass cover type was the landscape variable most associated with rodent capture rates. In three winter pea fields, rodents removed 5-15% of the pea plants over winter. Examination of stomach contents revealed that voles mainly fed on grain plants in spring, but that their diet was more diversified in fall. Deer mice fed heavily on grain plants in both spring and fall, but also used insects as food. Metal barrier exclosures (9 m x 9 m), extending above and below ground, did not prevent access by rodents. Rodent populations in areas treated with zinc phosphide on grain were comparable to untreated areas 1 year after application of the rodenticide, perhaps because of immigration and recruitment, suggesting that baiting does not provide a long-term solution to rodent damage in no-till agricultural fields. C1 [Witmer, Gary] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Sayler, Rodney; Huggins, David; Capelli, Jason] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Witmer, G (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gary.w.witmer@aphis.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Cool Season Food Legume Research Program FX We would like to thank PCFS farm manager Mr Derek Appel for his assistance with logistics in this study. Mr Dave Uberuaga, Washington State University, assisted with GPS equipment, GIS software, and field mapping. Mr Patrick Burke, Biological Science Technician at NWRC, assisted with data analyses and manuscript preparation. This study was supported, in part, by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Cool Season Food Legume Research Program. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1749-4877 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2007.00058.x PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V28LT UT WOS:000208683000006 PM 21396031 ER PT J AU Martini, M Lee, IM Bottner, KD Zhao, Y Botti, S Bertaccini, A Harrison, NA Carraro, L Marcone, C Khan, AJ Osler, R AF Martini, M. Lee, I.-M. Bottner, K. D. Zhao, Y. Botti, S. Bertaccini, A. Harrison, N. A. Carraro, L. Marcone, C. Khan, A. J. Osler, R. TI Ribosomal protein gene-based phylogeny for finer differentiation and classification of phytoplasmas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; ASTER YELLOWS; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ELM YELLOWS; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; X-DISEASE; TAXON; IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB Extensive phylogenetic analyses were performed based on sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and two ribosomal protein (rp) genes, rp/V (rp/22) and rpsC (rps3), from 46 phytoplasma. strains representing 12 phytoplasma. 16Sr groups, 16 other mollicutes and 28 Gram-positive walled bacteria. The phylogenetic tree inferred from rp genes had a similar overall topology to that inferred from the 16S rRNA gene. However, the rp gene-based tree gave a more defined phylogenetic interrelationship among mollicutes and Gram-positive walled bacteria. Both phylogenies indicated that mollicutes formed a monophyletic group. Phytoplasmas clustered with Acholeplasma species and formed one clade paraphyletic with a clade consisting of the remaining mollicutes. The closest relatives of mollicutes were low-G + C-content Gram-positive bacteria. Comparative phylogenetic; analyses using the 16S rRNA gene and rp genes were performed to evaluate their efficacy in resolving distinct phytoplasma. strains. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on analysis of rp gene sequences from 87 phytoplasma. strains belonging to 12 16Sr phytoplasma. groups. The phylogenetic relationships among phytoplasmas were generally in agreement with those obtained on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene in the present and previous works. However, the rp gene-based phylogeny allowed for finer resolution of distinct lineages within the phytoplasma 16Sr groups. RFLP analysis of rp gene sequences permitted finer differentiation of phytoplasma. strains in a given 16Sr group. In this study, we also designed several semi-universal and 16Sr group-specific rp gene-based primers that allow for the amplification of 11 16Sr group phytoplasmas. C1 USDA, ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Udine, Dipartimento Biol Applicata Difesa Piante, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroalimentari, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Sci Farmaceut, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy. Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Agr & Marine Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Al Khoud 123, Oman. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Bertaccini, Assunta/0000-0002-5650-1512 NR 42 TC 82 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 57 BP 2037 EP 2051 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.65013-0 PN 9 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 217QA UT WOS:000249961200020 PM 17766869 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Montes, B Monge, A Guidry, D AF Eggleston, G. Montes, B. Monge, A. Guidry, D. TI Optimization of alpha-amylase application in raw sugar manufacture. Part 11: Factory trials SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In recent years there have been warnings by some U.S. refineries that there may be a penalty for high starch concentrations in raw sugar if starch control is not improved. Most commercial alpha-amylases used by the U.S. sugar industry to control starch have intermediate temperature stability (up to 85 degrees C with an optimum similar to 70 degrees C), and are produced from Bacillus subtilis. Full characterization of commercial a-amylases are reported in Part I of this study (Eggleston et al, 2007b). alpha-Amylase optimization trials in the last evaporator at three factories were conducted across the 2005 Louisiana processing season. Factory 1 typically applied 3.6 ppm/cane wt. of (undiluted) B. subtilis alpha-amylase with low activity (59 KNU/ml) for an average starch hydrolysis of 6.6% as determined with an iodo-metric method, that only increased to 11.4% at a 7.2 ppm dosage; similar disappointing results occurred at Factory 3. At Factory 2, the same alpha-amylase (59 KNU/ml) at 10 ppm (undiluted) gave an average hydrolysis of 25.4% that only increased to 28.5% at 20 ppm. Also at Factory 2, application of a B. subtilis alpha-amylase of higher activity (545.3 KNU/ml) at 2 ppm gave an average hydrolysis of 26.7%, but only increased to 29.6% at 5 ppm because of low contact between the enzyme (a-amylase) and substrate (starch). Application of the (x-amylase as a working solution diluted 3-fold in water at the factory, improved contact and starch hydrolysis from 31.9 to 42.0% at 2 and 5 ppm, respectively, and is more cost-effective than adding it undiluted. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Alma Plantat LLC, Lakeland, LA 70752 USA. Cora Texas Factory, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. Leighton Factory, Thibodaux, LA 70302 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1305 BP 579 EP 585 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 212LC UT WOS:000249596800013 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Dudek, EJ Liu, BF Ding, LL Fernandes, AF Liang, JJ Horwitz, J Taylor, A Shang, F AF Zhang, Xinyu Dudek, Edward J. Liu, Bingfen Ding, Linlin Fernandes, Alexandre F. Liang, Jack J. Horwitz, Joseph Taylor, Allen Shang, Fu TI Degradation of C-terminal truncated alpha A-crystallins by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; BOVINE LENS; CATARACT FORMATION; CALPAIN-II; RAT LENS; SELENITE CATARACT; B-CRYSTALLIN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BETA-CRYSTALLIN AB PURPOSE. Calpain-mediated C-terminal cleavage of alpha A-crystallins occurs during aging and cataractogenesis. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) in degrading C-terminal truncated alpha A-crystallins. METHODS. Recombinant wild-type (wt) alpha A-crystallin and C-terminal truncated alpha A (1-168)-, alpha A (1-163)-, and alpha A (1-162)-crystallins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The wt and truncated alpha A-crystallins were labeled with I-125, and proteolytic degradation was determined using both lens fiber lysate and reticulocyte lysate as sources of ubiquitinating and proteolytic enzymes. Far UV circular dichroism, tryptophan fluorescence intensity, and binding to the hydrophobic fluorescence probe Bis-ANS were used to characterize the wt and truncated alpha A-crystallins. Oligomer sizes of these crystallins were determined by multiangle light-scattering. RESULTS. Whereas wt alpha A-crystallin was degraded moderately in both lens fiber and reticulocyte lysates, alpha A(1-168)-crystallin was resistant to degradation. The susceptibility of alpha A(1-163)-crystallin to degradation was comparable to that of wt alpha A-crystallin. However, alpha A(1-162)-crystallin was much more susceptible than wt alpha A-crystallin to degradation in both lens fiber and reticulocyte lysates. The degradation of both wt and C-terminal truncated alpha A(1-162)-crystallins requires adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) and was stimulated by addition of a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Ubc4. The degradation was substantially inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and a dominant negative mutant of ubiquitin, K6W- Ub, indicating that at least part of the proteolysis was mediated by the UPP. Spectroscopic analyses of wt and C-terminal truncated alpha A-crystallins revealed that C- terminal truncation of alpha A-crystallin resulted in only subtle changes in secondary structures. However, C-terminal truncations resulted in significant changes in surface hydrophobicity and thermal stability. Thus, these conformational changes may reveal or mask the signals for the ubiquitin- dependent degradation. CONCLUSIONS. The present data demonstrate that C-terminal cleavage of alpha A-crystallin not only alters its conformation and thermal stability, but also its susceptibility to degradation by the UPP. The rapid degradation of alpha A(1-162) by the UPP may prevent its accumulation in the lens. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Ctr Ophthalm Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu OI Fernandes, Alexandre/0000-0001-9489-6167 FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY013968, R29 EY011717, R03 EY014183, R01 EY013250, R01 EY011717, EY13250, R01 EY011717-10, R01 EY011717-08, EY13968, EY14183, EY11717, R01 EY011717-09] NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4200 EP 4208 DI 10.1167/iovs.07-0196 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 204RO UT WOS:000249061900042 PM 17724207 ER PT J AU Capote, N Monzo, C Urbaneja, A Perez-Panades, J Carbonell, E Ravelonandro, M Scorza, R Cambra, M AF Capote, N. Monzo, C. Urbaneja, A. Perez-Panades, J. Carbonell, E. Ravelonandro, M. Scorza, R. Cambra, M. TI Risk assessment of the field release of transgenic European plums susceptible and resistant to Plum pox virus SO ITEA-INFORMACION TECNICA ECONOMICA AGRARIA LA Spanish DT Article DE transgenic Prunus domestica L.; PPV; risk assessment; virus and arthropod populations. ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COAT PROTEIN GENE; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; SHARKA DISEASE; RECOMBINANT VIRUSES; RNA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PLANTS; SPAIN; PPV AB The environmental impact of the field release of transgenic European plums (Prunus domestica L.) carrying the coat protein (CP) gene of Plum pox virus (PPV) was assessed in Valencia over an eight-year experimental period. The obtained results are reviewed and discussed in this manuscript. The molecular variability of PPV populations present in transgenic vs. non-transgenic plums was compared, and total numbers and species of visitor aphids (PPV transmission vectors) and other arthropods that were found on transgenic and conventional plums were estimated. Additionally, the possibility of recombination between the transcripts derived from the transgene and the infecting viral RNA was tested. Five different P. domestica transgenic lines (the PPV-resistant C5 'HoneySweet' line and the PPV-susceptible C4, C6, PT-6 and PT-23 lines) and non-transgenic P domestica and P salicina Lind trees, were tested. No differences in terms of diversity of PPV populations and numbers of aphids and other arthropod species that visited the trees were detected between transgenic and non-transgenic plums. No recombination between the transgene transcripts and the incoming viral RNA was detected over an eight-year period of exposure to natural PPV infection in the field. The overall data indicate that the growth of PPV-CP transgenic European plums under Mediterranean conditions does not represent an environmental risk, in terms of the parameters studied, beyond the cultivation of conventional plum trees. C1 [Capote, N.; Monzo, C.; Urbaneja, A.; Perez-Panades, J.; Carbonell, E.; Cambra, M.] Ctr Protecc Vegetal & Biotecnol, Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, IVIA, Valencia, Spain. [Ravelonandro, M.] Inst Biol Vegetale & Mol, INRA, Bordeaux, France. [Scorza, R.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Capote, N (reprint author), Ctr Protecc Vegetal & Biotecnol, Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, IVIA, Valencia, Spain. RI Urbaneja, Alberto/C-9071-2011; Monzo, Cesar/L-7055-2014; Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/O-6367-2014; Capote, Nieves/C-5432-2016 OI Urbaneja, Alberto/0000-0001-5986-3685; Monzo, Cesar/0000-0003-3247-7412; Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/0000-0003-2170-9521; Capote, Nieves/0000-0003-1819-2445 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASOCIACION INTERPROFESIONAL DESARROLLO AGARIO PI ZARAGOZA PA AVDA MONTANANA 930, APARTADO 727, ZARAGOZA, 50080, SPAIN SN 1699-6887 J9 ITEA-INF TEC ECON AG JI ITEA-Inf. Tec. Econ. Agrar. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3 BP 156 EP 167 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 285CC UT WOS:000254753900003 ER PT J AU Pincetl, SS AF Pincetl, Stephanie S. TI American perceptions of immigrant and invasive species: Strangers an the land SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Pincetl, Stephanie S.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. [Pincetl, Stephanie S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Pincetl, SS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 EI 1945-2314 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 588 EP 589 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 290SC UT WOS:000255141500077 ER PT J AU Petry, DB Lunney, J Boyd, P Kuhar, D Blankenship, E Johnson, RK AF Petry, D. B. Lunney, J. Boyd, P. Kuhar, D. Blankenship, E. Johnson, R. K. TI Differential immunity in pigs with high and low responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gene expression; immune response; pig; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus resistance ID MYCOPLASMA-HYOPNEUMONIAE; LITTER SIZE; SWINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROTECTION; SELECTION; PRRSV; CELL; MACROPHAGES; GENERATIONS AB One hundred Hampshire x Duroc crossbred pigs (HD) and 100 NE Index line (I) pigs were infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and evaluated for resistance/susceptibility. Controls (100/line) were uninfected littermates to the infected pigs. Viremia, change in weight (WT Delta), and rectal temperature at 0, 4, 7, and 14 d postinfection were recorded. Lung, bronchial lymph node (BLN), and blood tissue were collected at necropsy (14 d postinfection). The first principal component from principal component analyses of all variables was used to rank the pigs for phenotypic response to PRRS virus. Low responders (low PRRS burden) had high WT Delta, low viremia, and few lung lesions; high responders (high PRRS burden) had low WT Delta, high viremia, and many lesions. The RNA was extracted from lung and BLN tissue of the 7 highest and 7 lowest responders per line and from each of their littermates. Expression of 11 innate and T helper 1 immune markers was evaluated with cDNA in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. Significant upregulation in lung, lymph, or both of infected pigs relative to controls occurred for all but one gene. Expression differences were greater in HD than I pigs. Significant downregulation for certain immune genes in low pigs, relative to littermate controls, was detected in lung and BLN, particularly in line I. Serum levels of the immune cytokines affirmed the gene expression differences. High preinfection serum levels of IL 8 were significantly associated with PRRS virus-resistant, low pigs. After infection, low expression of interferon gamma in cDNA and in serum was also correlated with PRRS virus resistance. Important genetic associations were revealed for fine mapping of candidate genes for PRRS virus resistance and determining the causative alleles. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab ANRI, E Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, RK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rjohnson5@unl.edu NR 31 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2075 EP 2092 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-721 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200001 PM 17468430 ER PT J AU Freking, BA Leymaster, KA Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Freking, B. A. Leymaster, K. A. Vallet, J. L. Christenson, R. K. TI Number of fetuses and conceptus growth throughout gestation in lines of pigs selected for ovulation rate or uterine capacity SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fetal survival; placental growth; pig; uterine capacity ID POTENTIAL EMBRYONIC VIABILITY; LITTER SIZE; PLACENTAL EFFICIENCY; GENE-EXPRESSION; SWINE; MODEL; ERYTHROPOIESIS; IDENTIFICATION; ELONGATION; TRAITS AB Selection for 11 generations in swine for ovulation rate (OR) or uterine capacity (UC) resulted in 19.6% greater prenatal survival at term in UC compared with OR. Our objective was to characterize the number of fetuses throughout gestation in each line, including an unselected control (CO) line. Five hundred ninety-three gilts produced over 4 farrowing seasons were subjected to unilateral-hysterectomy-ovariectomy at 160 d of age and mated within line at 280 d of age. Gilts were assigned within sire family to be slaughtered (+/- 2 d) at d 25, 45, 65, 85, or 105 of gestation. Ovulation rate and number of live and dead fetuses were recorded for each pregnant gilt (n = 402). Fetal and placental weights were also recorded. Ovulation rate of OR line gilts (18.0 +/- 0.3 ova) exceeded (P < 0.001) CO and UC lines (15.0 +/- 0.3 and 14.0 +/- 0.3 ova, respectively). Line and gestational age interacted to affect number of live fetuses (P < 0.001). Least squares means for CO were 10.1, 8.3, 7.2, 6.7, and 7.3 live fetuses for d 25, 45, 65, 85, and 105, respectively (average SE = 0.46 fetuses). Corresponding means for OR were 13.4, 8.3, 7.9, 6.5, and 6.7 live fetuses, respectively (average SE = 0.44 fetuses). Means for UC were 10.2, 9.0, 8.5, 7.5, and 8.0 live fetuses, respectively (average SE = 0.47 fetuses). In each line, number of live fetuses at d 25 was approximately 72% of ovulation rate. Mortality to d 45 was greatest in OR, intermediate in CO, and least in UC. Reductions in live fetuses continued to occur from d 45 to 105, but line differences at d 45 were essentially maintained to d 105. Number of live fetuses in gilts at d 114 was estimated from each of the survival curves and predicted values of 7.0, 5.9, and 7.8 per uterine horn for CO, OR, and UC lines, respectively. Selection for uterine capacity improved fetal survival primarily during the time period between d 25 and 45. Relative growth rate coefficients throughout gestation for placental tissue indicated a change in rank of the line means, implicating a relative later growth pattern of placental tissue in the UC line. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freking, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Brad.Freking@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2093 EP 2103 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-766 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200002 PM 17504953 ER PT J AU Kojima, CJ Carroll, JA Matteri, RL Touchette, KJ Allee, GL AF Kojima, C. J. Carroll, J. A. Matteri, R. L. Touchette, K. J. Allee, G. L. TI Effects of weaning and weaning weight on neuroendocrine regulators of feed intake in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE appetite; growth; neuroendocrine; piglet; weaning ID SPRAY-DRIED PLASMA; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; EARLY-WEANED PIGS; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE EXPOSURE; ENDOCRINE RESPONSES; OBESE GENE; YOUNG-PIGS AB A depression in feed intake and growth often occurs in the weaned pig. Spray-dried plasma is often added to nursery diets in an attempt to stimulate feed intake during this lag. The current study evaluated gene expression of appetite regulators in hypothalamus and adipose tissue 4 d after weaning. Barrows (2 wk of age) were cross-fostered to a sow ( SOW, n = 8) or weaned and fed a nursery diet containing either 0 or 7% spray-dried plasma (NP, n = 8, and SDP, n = 8, respectively). Piglets were allocated such that 2 size groups existed within each experimental group: small (3.5 to 4.3 kg of BW piglets) and large (4.6 to 5.7 kg of BW piglets) subsets, based on weaning weight (WW), existed within each experimental group: small (3.5 to 4.3 kg piglets) and large (4.6 to 5.7 kg piglets). Animals were killed 4 d after weaning for tissue collection. There was a weaning group x WW interactive effect (P < 0.05) on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y messenger RNA expression, such that expression was least in the small SDP piglets. No WW or weaning group effects were seen on adipose leptin, hypothalamic leptin receptor, or hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin gene expression. An effect of WW was seen on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, orexin, and type 2 orexin receptor gene expression, such that large pigs expressed greater amounts of these transcripts (P < 0.002). Strong positive correlations in gene expression were found among all of these genes, whose products are known to stimulate appetite. Partial correlation controlling for initial WW revealed that preweaning size explained most if not all of these associations. These data suggest that the postweaning expression of appetite-regulating genes is more dependent on preweaning conditions than on weaning diet. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kojima, CJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ckojima@utk.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2133 EP 2139 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-740 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200006 PM 17565054 ER PT J AU Cushman, RA Allan, MF Thallman, RM Cundiff, LV AF Cushman, R. A. Allan, M. F. Thallman, R. M. Cundiff, L. V. TI Characterization of biological types of cattle (Cycle VII): Influence of postpartum interval and estrous cycle length on fertility SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef breed; postpartum interval; reproductive efficiency ID STIMULATING-HORMONE RECEPTOR; BEEF-CATTLE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; OVULATORY FOLLICLE; PREGNANCY SUCCESS; COWS; ANESTRUS; WAVES; SIZE; POLYMORPHISM AB Genetic improvement in reproductive efficiency through selection is difficult because many reproductive traits are binomial and have low heritabilities. Before genetic markers can be generated for fertility in cows, greater characterization of reproductive phenotypes is needed to understand the components of the trait. The current study tested the hypotheses that: 1) breeds vary in postpartum interval to estrus ( PPIE) and estrous cycle length, 2) a longer estrous cycle immediately before breeding increased pregnancy rates, and 3) a greater number of cycles before breeding increased conception rates. The postpartum interval to estrus, estrous cycle length, and number of cycles before breeding were examined in F-1 cows (n = 519) obtained from mating Hereford, Angus, and MARC III cows to Hereford, Angus, Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, Gelbvieh, and Red Angus sires. Cows were classified as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 observed estrous cycles before breeding. All traits analyzed were adjusted to constant BCS. Sire breed of the cow influenced length of the PPIE and number of cycles before the start of breeding (P < 0.001). Simmental-sired cows had the shortest PPIE and greatest number of cycles before breeding, whereas Limousin-sired cows had the longest PPIE and least number of cycles before breeding. Cows with a greater number of cycles before breeding did not have greater conception rates than cows that had not exhibited standing estrus before breeding (P = 0.87). In cows that cycled before breeding, the length of the estrous cycle immediately before breeding was influenced by dam breed and BCS (P < 0.01). Cows out of Hereford dams had shorter estrous cycles than cows out of MARC III or Angus dams, and estrous cycle length increased as BCS increased. Conception rate decreased as length of the estrous cycle immediately before breeding increased (P = 0.05, -2.2% per d of cycle length). Therefore, previously anestrous cows were just as likely to conceive as cows that had cycled before breeding, and an increased number of observed estrous cycles before breeding did not increase conception rates. There may be an influence of the length of estrous cycle immediately before breeding on conception rates, possibly because a longer estrous cycle results in a persistent follicle with greater potential for a lower quality oocyte. Breed differences in PPIE and estrous cycle length suggest that there are genetic components to these traits. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cushman, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Bob.Cushman@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2156 EP 2162 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0136 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200009 PM 17504970 ER PT J AU McLeod, KR Baldwin, RL Solomon, MB Baumann, RG AF McLeod, K. R. Baldwin, R. L. Solomon, M. B. Baumann, R. G. TI Influence of ruminal and postruminal carbohydrate infusion on visceral organ mass and adipose tissue accretion in growing beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipose; carbohydrate; energy; steer; visceral organ ID FASTING HEAT-PRODUCTION; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY-INTAKE; FORAGE-CONCENTRATE RATIO; IN-VITRO; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SMALL-INTESTINE; BLOOD-FLOW; SHEEP; NUTRITION; LEVEL AB Forty crossbred beef steers ( 243 +/- 2 kg of BW) with ruminal and abomasal infusion catheters were used to test 2 hypotheses: 1) visceral mass is responsive to energy input and site of carbohydrate (CHO) infusion and 2) rate and site of adipose accretion are dependent on site of CHO infusion and complexity. Treatments included a pelleted, forage-based, basal diet fed at 161 (LI) or 214 (HI) kcal of ME/(kg of BW0.75.d), LI plus ruminal (R-SH) or abomasal (A-SH) infusion of a partial starch hydrolysate (SH), and LI plus abomasal infusion of glucose (A-G). The basal diet was fed in 12 equal portions daily at 2-h intervals, with starch and glucose infused over a 22-h period at rates of 12.6 and 14.4 g/(kg of BW0.75.d). After 35 d of infusion, steers were slaughtered; and visceral organ and adipose mass, subcutaneous adipose thickness over the 5th and 12th rib, and LM intramuscular fat concentration were determined. Total intake energy (IE) increased (P = 0.0001) with ME intake. Dietary IE was similar between LI and CHO treatments, but total IE increased (P < 0.001) with CHO infusion. Greater dietary ME intake and CHO infusion increased or tended (P <= 0.09) to increase final BW and HCW. As a percentage of empty BW, total stomach complex, rumen, omasum, liver, pancreas, and kidney weights were greater (P <= 0.05) for HI vs. LI. Stomach complex, rumen, pancreas, and kidney weights as a percentage of empty BW were greater (P <= 0.05) for R-SH vs. A-SH. Compared with ASH, A-G increased (P <= 0.02) total and mucosal weights from the 10-cm sections of the ileum. Increases in rumen mass were associated with no change or an increase in rumen total and mucosal DNA concentrations. Greater dietary ME tended (P = 0.06) to increase subcutaneous fat thickness at the 5th rib but did not affect alimentary adipose accretion on an empty BW basis. Omental and total alimentary adipose weights were increased (P <= 0.04) by A-G compared with A-SH. Although SH infusion did not alter adiposity, there was a consistent numerical pattern in total alimentary and subcutaneous fat depots with CHO infusion (A-G > ASH > R-SH). Our findings demonstrate that increasing ruminal CHO supply results in a disproportionate increase in rumen mass, whereas increasing small intestinal CHO supply does not alter gastrointestinal organ mass. Small intestinal energy in the form of glucose resulted in greater adipose accretion, particularly the omental depot. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McLeod, KR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM kmcleod@uky.edu NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2256 EP 2270 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-359 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200020 PM 17431050 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RL VI McLeod, KR McNamara, JP Elsasser, TH Baumann, RG AF Baldwin, R. L. V., I McLeod, K. R. McNamara, J. P. Elsasser, T. H. Baumann, R. G. TI Influence of abomasal carbohydrates on subcutaneous, omental, and mesenteric adipose lipogenic and lipolytic rates in growing beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE steer; carbohydrate; adipose; metabolism ID FATTY-ACID; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; TISSUE METABOLISM; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; IGF-I; INSULIN; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; LACTATION; RUMINANTS AB To determine the response to alteration in site and form of carbohydrate delivery to the digestive tract, in vitro rates of lipogenesis and lipolysis in mesenteric (MESA), omental (OMA), and subcutaneous (SQA) adipose depots were compared. Forty crossbred beef steers (243 +/- 2 kg of BW) were fed 161 (LI) or 214 ( HI) kcal of ME/(kg of BW0.75.d) or they were fed LI and infused for 35 d into the rumen ( R) or abomasum ( A) with starch hydrolysate (SH) or into the abomasum with glucose ( G). Jugular blood samples were collected, steers were slaughtered, and adipose depots were sampled and prepared for assessment of lipogenesis and lipolysis in vitro. Blood concentrations of glucagon were increased (P = 0.04) in HI-H2O compared with LI-H2O steers, whereas A-SH tended to increase (P = 0.08) circulating IGF-I relative to R-SH, and A-G tended to have elevated (P = 0.09) T-3 compared with A-SH. Lipolysis, as assessed by NEFA release, was unaffected by treatment. Glycerol release by the MESA and SQA was increased or tended to be increased (P <= 0.08) in HI-H2O compared with LI-H2O steers. In A-G compared with A-SH steers, glycerol release from OMA increased (P = 0.008) and from SQA tended to be increased (P = 0.08). Acetate incorporation into total neutral lipids (TNL) increased or tended to increase with ME intake and SH infusion (P <= 0.09) across all depots. Rates of acetate incorporation into fatty acids (FA) also increased or tended to be increased (P <= 0.1) by SH infusion across all depots, but only that of SQA was increased with ME intake (HI-H2O vs. LI-H2O; P = 0.02). Rates of acetate incorporation into FA and TNL in MESA were increased (P <= 0.03) by A-SH compared with R-SH, but site of SH infusion did not affect the rates in SQA or OMA. Glucose incorporation into TNL for MESA and SQA increased or tended to be increased (P <= 0.1) by dietary and infused energy, whereas for OMA they tended to be increased (P = 0.1) only by SH infusion. In contrast, glucose incorporation into FA was unaffected by energy supply but tended to be increased ( P = 0.07) by SH in MESA and tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for A-G than A-SH in OMA. The general across-depot pattern of acetate incorporation rate into FA and TNL was SQA > OMA > MESA, whereas, for glucose incorporation, rates across depots were equivalent. These data provide evidence that the postruminal supply of energy, specifically carbohydrate, stimulates lipogenesis from acetate and glucose and is more pronounced in abdominal depots relative to the subcutaneous depot. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Nutr Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Baldwin, RL VI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rbaldwin@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2271 EP 2282 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-588 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200021 PM 17468423 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Wheeler, T. L. Shackelford, S. D. Koohmaraie, M. TI Beef longissimus slice shear force measurement among steak locations and institutions SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; longissimus; methodology; palatability; shear force; tenderness ID PALATABILITY; TENDERNESS; COOKING; TRAITS AB The objectives of this study were 1) to determine which longissimus thoracis et lumborum steaks were appropriate for slice shear force measurement and 2) to determine the among and within institution variation in LM slice shear force values of 6 institutions after they received expert training on the procedure and a standard kit of equipment. In experiment 1, longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles were obtained from the left sides of 50 US Select carcasses. Thirteen longissimus thoracis and 12 longissimus lumborum steaks were cut 2.54 cm thick from each muscle. Slice shear force was measured on each steak. Mean slice shear force among steak locations ( 1 to 25) ranged from 19.7 to 27.3 kg. Repeatability of slice shear force ( based on variance) among steak locations ranged from 0.71 to 0.96. In experiment 2, the longissimus thoracis et lumborum were obtained from the left sides of 154 US Select beef carcasses. Eight 2.54-cm-thick steaks were obtained from the caudal end of each frozen longissimus thoracis, and six 2.54-cm-thick steaks were obtained from the cranial end of each frozen longissimus lumborum. Seven pairs of consecutive steaks were assigned for measurement of slice shear force. Seven institutions were assigned to steak pairs within each carcass using a randomized complete block design, such that each institution was assigned to each steak pair 22 times. Repeatability estimates for slice shear force for the 7 institutions were 0.89, 0.83, 0.91, 0.90, 0.89, 0.76, and 0.89, respectively, for institutions 1 to 7. Mean slice shear force values were least (P < 0.05) for institutions 3 (22.7 kg) and 7 (22.3 kg) and were greatest (P < 0.05) for institutions 5 (27.3 kg) and 6 (27.6 kg). Institutions with greater mean slice shear force ( institutions 5 and 6) used cooking methods that required more (P < 0.05) time (32.0 and 36.9 min vs. 5.5 to 11.8 min) to reach the end point temperature (71 degrees C) and resulted in greater (P < 0.05) cooking loss (both 26.6% vs. 14.4 to 24.1%). Differences among institutions in the repeatability of slice shear force were partially attributable to differences among institutions in the consistency of steak thawing and cooking procedures. These results emphasize the importance of sample location within the muscle and cooking method in the measurement of tenderness and indicate that with proper training and application of the protocol, slice shear force is a highly repeatable (R similar to 0.90) measure of beef LM tenderness. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM tommy.wheeler@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2283 EP 2289 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-736 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200022 PM 17526673 ER PT J AU Klotz, JL Bush, LP Smith, DL Shafer, WD Smith, LL Arrington, BC Strickland, JR AF Klotz, J. L. Bush, L. P. Smith, D. L. Shafer, W. D. Smith, L. L. Arrington, B. C. Strickland, J. R. TI Ergovaline-induced vasoconstriction in an isolated bovine lateral saphenous vein bioassay SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkaloid; bovine; ergovaline; ergotamine; fescue; vasoconstriction ID TALL FESCUE; ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; GRASS; SHEEP AB Ergovaline has been proposed as a toxic component of endophyte-infected tall fescue. As many of the symptoms of fescue toxicosis are a result of compromised circulation, the objective of this study was to examine the vasoconstrictive potentials of ergovaline and a more documented ergopeptine, ergotamine, using a bovine, lateral ( cranial branch) saphenous vein bioassay. Segments of the cranial branch of the lateral saphenous vein ( 2 to 3 cm) were collected from healthy, mixed breed cattle (n = 12 and n = 5 for the ergovaline and ergotamine experiments, respectively) at local abattoirs. The veins were trimmed of excess fat and connective tissue, sliced into 2- to 3-mm cross sections, and suspended in a myograph chamber containing 5 mL of a modified Krebs-Henseleit, oxygenated buffer (95% O-2 + 5% CO2; pH = 7.4; 37 degrees C). The tissue was allowed to equilibrate at 1 g of tension for 90 minbefore of the addition of treatments. Increasing doses of ergovaline (1x10(-11) to 1 x 10(-4) M) or ergotamine (1 x 10(-11) to 1 x 10(-5) M) were administered every 15 min after buffer replacement. Contractile response data were normalized to a percentage induced by a reference dose of norepinephrine (1 x 10(-4) M). Contractile responses of saphenous veins were similar for ergovaline and ergotamine. Initial contractile responses began at 1 x 10(-8) M for both ergovaline and ergotamine (4.4 +/- 0.8% and 5.6 +/- 1.1%, respectively). Vascular tension continued to increase as the alkaloid concentrations increased ( maximums: 43.7 +/- 7.1% at 1 x 10(-5) M ergotamine; 69.6 +/- 5.3% at 1 x 10(-4) M ergovaline). Interestingly, ergovaline-induced contractions ( 1 x 10(-) (4) M) were not reversed by repeated buffer replacement over a 105-min period. As previously shown with ergotamine, these results confirm that ergovaline is a potent vasoconstrictor. The resistance of an ergovaline-induced contraction to relaxation over an extended period of time suggests a potential for bioaccumulation of this ergopeptine alkaloid and may aid in understanding its toxicity within the animal. C1 USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Strickland, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jstrickland@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2330 EP 2336 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-803 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200028 PM 17504952 ER PT J AU Aiken, GE Kirch, BH Strickland, JR Bush, LP Looper, ML Schrick, FN AF Aiken, G. E. Kirch, B. H. Strickland, J. R. Bush, L. P. Looper, M. L. Schrick, F. N. TI Hemodynamic responses of the caudal artery to toxic tall fescue in beef heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; tall fescue; Schedonorus arundinaceus; fescue toxicosis; color Doppler ultrasonography; vasoconstriction ID ANTI-QUALITY FACTORS; SERUM PROLACTIN; BLOOD-FLOW; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; TEMPERATURE; CATTLE; CONSUMPTION; ULTRASOUND; STEERS AB Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to compare blood flow characteristics in the caudal artery of heifers fed diets with endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infected (E+) or noninfected (E-) tall fescue seed. Eighteen crossbred (Angus x Brangus) heifers were assigned to 6 pens and were fed chopped alfalfa hay for 5 d and chopped alfalfa hay plus a concentrate that contained E-tall fescue seed for 9 d during an adjustment period. An 11-d experimental period followed, with animals in 3 pens fed chopped alfalfa hay plus a concentrate with E+ seed and those in the other 3 pens fed chopped hay plus concentrate with E- seed. Color Doppler ultrasound measurements ( caudal artery area, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean velocity, heart rate, stroke volume, and flow rate) and serum prolactin were monitored during the adjustment ( baseline measures) and during the experimental period. Three baseline measures were collected on d 3, 5, and 6 during the adjustment period for comparison to post E+ seed exposure. Statistical analyses compared the proportionate differences between baseline and response at 4, 28, 52, 76, 100, 172, and 268 h from initial feeding of E+ seed. Serum prolactin concentrations on both diets were lower ( P < 0.001) than baseline beginning at 4 h from the start of the experimental period. However, trends in serum prolactin concentrations for heifers on the E- diet suggested ambient temperature was affecting these concentrations. Caudal artery area in E+ heifers had declined ( P < 0.10) from baseline by 4 h and was consistently lower ( P < 0.05) for the remainder of the period. Heart rates for E+ heifers were lower than the baseline rate from 4 ( P < 0.10) to 100 ( P < 0.001) h, but were similar ( P > 0.10) to the baseline for 172 and 268 h measures. Blood flow in E+ heifers was consistently lower than the baseline from 4 ( P < 0.05) to 172 ( P < 0.001) h, but was similar to the baseline at 268 h when heart rate was similar to the baseline rate. Caudal artery areas for the E- diet were similar to baseline areas except at 100 h when it was greater than baseline. Heart rates and flow rates for E- heifers did not differ ( P > 0.10) from baseline measures during the experimental period. Results indicated that onset of toxicosis was within 4 h of cattle exposure to E+ tall fescue and is related to vasoconstriction and reduction in heart rate. C1 USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM geaiken@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2337 EP 2345 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-821 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 199TX UT WOS:000248719200029 PM 17526671 ER PT J AU Mattoo, AK Chung, SH Goyal, RK Fatima, T Solomos, T Srivastava, A Handa, AK AF Mattoo, Autar K. Chung, Sang Ho Goyal, Ravinder K. Fatima, Tahira Solomos, Theophanes Srivastava, Alka Handa, Avtar K. TI Overaccumulation of higher Polyamines in ripening transgenic tomato fruit revives metabolic memory, upregulates anabolism-related genes, and positively impacts nutritional quality SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Safety an dAdequacy Testing of Foods/Feeds Nutritionally Enhanced Through Biotechnology CY JUL 26, 2006 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP AOAC, FDA, Seafood Ind ID ORGANIC-ACID METABOLISM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DECARBOXYLASE CDNA; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; GLYCINE BETAINE; POTATO PLANTS; LYCOPENE; TOBACCO; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY AB Vegetables and fruits are essential components of the human diet as they are sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber and provide antioxidants that prevent chronic diseases. Our goal is to improve durable nutritional quality of tomato fruit. We developed transgenic tomatoes expressing yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (ySAMdc) gene driven by a fruit-specific E8 promoter to investigate the role of polyamines in fruit metabolism. Stable integration of E8-ySAMdc chimeric gene in tomato genome led to ripening-specific accumulation of polyamines, spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), which in turn affected higher accumulation of glutamine, asparagine, and organic acids in the red fruit with significant decrease in the contents of valine, aspartate, sucrose, and glucose. The metabolite profiling analysis suggests that Spd/Spm are perceived as "signaling" organic-N metabolites by the fruit cells, resulting in the stimulation of carbon sequestration; enhanced synthesis of biomolecules; increased acid to sugar ratio, a good attribute for the fruit flavor; and in the accumulation of another "vital amine," choline, which is an essential micronutrient for brain development. A limited transcriptome analysis of the transgenic fruit that accumulate higher polyamines revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes, about 55% of which represented discrete functional categories, and the remaining 45% were novel, unknown, or unclassified: amino acid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, cell wall metabolism, chaperone family, flavonoid biosynthesis, fruit ripening, isoprenoid biosynthesis, polyamine biosynthesis, signal transduction, stress/defense-related, transcription, translation, and vacuolar function. There was a good correspondence between some gene transcripts and their protein products, but not in the case of the tonoplast intrinsic protein, which showed post-transcriptional regulation. Higher metabolic activity of the transgenic fruit is reflected in higher respiratory activity, and upregulation of chaperones and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase transcripts compared to the control. These transgenic plants are a new resource to understand the role of Spd/Spm in fruit biology. Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiles of Spd/Spm accumulating, transgenic fruit suggest the presence of an intricate regulation and interconnection between certain metabolic pathways that are revived when Spd and Spm likely reach a certain threshold. Thus, polyamines act as antiapoptotic regulatory molecules and are able to revive metabolic memory in the tomato fruit. C1 USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Mokwon Univ, Dept Microbiol, Taejon 302729, South Korea. Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Hort, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 66 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1456 EP 1464 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 214QI UT WOS:000249752800033 PM 17955994 ER PT J AU West, ML Corzo, A Dozier, WA Blair, ME Kidd, MT AF West, M. L. Corzo, A. Dozier, W. A., III Blair, M. E. Kidd, M. T. TI Assessment of dietary Rovabio Excel in practical United States broiler diets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE xylanase; beta-glucanase; cellulase; amino acid; energy; broiler; nutrient density ID DIGESTIVE-TRACT; PERFORMANCE; XYLANASE; PHYTASE; COMBINATION; PROTEASE; CARCASS; CHICKS; ENERGY; WHEAT AB The focus of this study was to evaluate a feed enzyme (Rovabio Excel) in diets fed to commercial broilers reared in environments typical to that observed in the US broiler industry and destined to be marketed at BW at or near 2.5 kg. The feed enzyme was tested in diets differing in amino acid and energy composition. The main effect of altered nutrient levels, mainly reduced amino acids, was higher abdominal fat at processing. The formulation addition of the exogenous feed enzyme to diets differing in nutrient contents and energy did not affect broiler live performance or carcass traits. However, the exogenous feed enzyme decreased 14-d mortality in experiment 1 and 41-d mortality in experiment 2 but was without effect on mortality in experiment 3. Future research elucidating any benefits on mortality from the exogenous feed enzyme may aid commercial poultry producers. Further, reducing dietary nutrient levels beyond that considered in this study may allow for exogenous enzyme benefits in broiler live production and carcass traits to be observed as mediated through nutrient liberation. C1 [West, M. L.; Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Blair, M. E.] Addisseo, Alpharetta, GA 30005 USA. RP West, ML (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu NR 10 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PJ UT WOS:000252810700004 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Kidd, MT Corzo, A Anderson, J Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Kidd, M. T. Corzo, A. Anderson, J. Branton, S. L. TI Dietary amino acid responses of mixed-sex broiler chickens from two to four kilograms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amino acid; broiler; lysine; methionine; nutrient density ID MEAT YIELD; ECONOMIC RESPONSES; PERFORMANCE; DENSITY; CARCASS; GROWTH; LYSINE AB Two experiments were conducted to assess dietary amino acid density responses on mixed-sex broiler live performance, meat yields, and economics from 36 to 60 d. In experiment 1, broilers were fed a common feeding program to 35 d. Dietary treatments were high (H), moderate (M), and low (L) amino acid density from 36 to 47 d of age and H or L amino acid density from 48 to 60 d of age. Dietary treatments were high-high (HH), high-low (HL), moderate-low (ML), and low-low (LL) during a 60-d production period. In experiment 2, common diets were provided from 1 to 47 d of age. Dietary treatments were H, M, L, and suboptimum (S) amino acid density and fed from 48 to 60 d of age. In experiment 1, increasing dietary amino acid density to HH improved cumulative feed conversion (1 to 60 d) by 4 points over the ML- and LL-fed birds. Broilers provided the HH regimen had 0.6% more total breast meat yield than the LL-fed birds. In experiment 2, broilers fed the H feeding regimen lowered cumulative (1 to 60 d) feed conversion by 3, 5, and 6 points and reduced abdominal fat percentage by 0.28, 0.23, and 0.23%, respectively, compared with the M-, L-, and S- fed birds. Decreasing dietary amino acid density from H to S reduced total breast meat weight and yield by 47 g and 0.82%, respectively. In general, feeding HL (experiment 1) and H (experiment 2) diets increased gross feed margins over the other dietary treatments with diverse diet cost and meat price scenarios. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kidd, M. T.; Corzo, A.] Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Anderson, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PJ UT WOS:000252810700006 ER PT J AU Toor, GS Haggard, BE Donoghue, AM AF Toor, G. S. Haggard, B. E. Donoghue, A. M. TI Water extractable trace elements in poultry litters and granulated products SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE poultry litter; granulation; water extractable trace element; litter water extraction; arsenic; copper; zinc ID BROILER LITTER; SOIL; BIOAVAILABILITY; LIVESTOCK; MANURES; IMPACT AB Poultry litter contains many trace elements such as As, Cu, and Zn, and its land application may lead to the accumulation of these elements in soils, especially near the soil surface. The objectives of this study were to determine the total amount of trace elements and evaluate the effect of litter granulation and various litter to water extraction ratios on water extractable trace elements in 8 raw and granulated litter products. Granulated litters that contained urea, dicyandiamide, or hydrolyzed feathermeal had significantly lower contents of total As, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn than untreated litters because of the dilution of litters with additives. Trace element concentrations (mg/L) in the water extracts of the various poultry litters generally decreased when extraction ratios (litter to water) shifted from 1: 10 to 1: 250, or as the amount of poultry litter decreased with a constant water volume (200 mL). But, the water extractable content of trace metals (mg/kg) generally increased from an extraction ratio of 1: 10 to 1: 200, with values similar at 1: 200 and 1: 250 extraction ratios. Based on our results, we suggest using a 1: 200 extraction ratio when evaluating water extractable As, Cu, and Zn in poultry litters. The estimated land application rates of trace metals, when poultry litter is applied on the basis of total P content, were considerably lower than the trace metal loadings allowable under the current environmental regulations governing biosolids and other materials with measurable amounts of trace metals. The laboratory water extractions of poultry litters and granulated products have increased our understanding of the potential risks to water quality posed by the land application of poultry litter and will contribute to the development of base knowledge needed to define land application practices that are protective of soil and water quality. C1 [Toor, G. S.] Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Haggard, B. E.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Toor, GS (reprint author), Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. EM gstoor@ufl.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PJ UT WOS:000252810700008 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Northcutt, JK Cason, JA Smith, DP Ingram, KD AF Hinton, A., Jr. Northcutt, J. K. Cason, J. A. Smith, D. P. Ingram, K. D. TI Bacterial Populations of broiler carcasses washed in mixtures of potassium hydroxide and lauric acid SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE potassium hydroxide; lauric acid; antimicrobial; broiler; carcass ID FATTY-ACIDS; TRIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE; SPOILAGE BACTERIA; POULTRY CARCASSES; SKIN; CHLORINE; FLORA; WATER AB The bactericidal effect of mixtures of KOH and lauric acid (LA) on the microflora of broiler carcasses was examined. Carcasses were washed by shaking in KOH-LA for 1 min on a mechanical shaker. In one set of experiments, the population of bacteria recovered from carcasses following each of 3 successive washes in 1.0% KOH-2.0% LA or in distilled water (control) was enumerated. The number of total plate count bacteria, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli in aliquots of whole-carcass-rinses of the washed carcasses was determined. Results indicated that fewer bacteria were generally recovered from carcasses after each successive wash in KOH-LA or distilled water, but significantly fewer bacteria were recovered from carcasses washed in KOH-LA than from carcasses washed in distilled water. Bacteria recovered from carcasses after the first and third wash in KOH-LA were identified using the MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were identified in the bacterial flora of carcasses washed once in KOH-LA; however, only gram-positive cocci were identified in the bacterial flora of carcasses washed 3 times in KOH-LA. Additional experiments were performed to compare the number of bacteria recovered from carcasses washed 2 times in 0.25% KOH-0.5% LA, 0.5% KOH-1.0% LA, or 1.0% KOH-2.0% LA or in distilled water (control). Results indicated that significantly fewer bacteria were recovered from carcasses washed in higher concentrations of KOH-LA than from carcasses washed in lower concentrations of KOH-LA. Findings from these experiments show that washing carcasses in KOH-LA can reduce carcass contamination by bacteria responsible for human foodborne diseases and spoilage of fresh poultry. C1 [Hinton, A., Jr.; Northcutt, J. K.; Cason, J. A.; Smith, D. P.; Ingram, K. D.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PJ UT WOS:000252810700012 ER PT J AU Huezo, R Smith, DP Northcutt, JK Fletcher, DL AF Huezo, R. Smith, D. P. Northcutt, J. K. Fletcher, D. L. TI Effect of immersion or dry air chilling on broiler carcass moisture retention and breast fillet functionality SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; immersion chilling; air chilling; poultry meat color; marination ID CHICKEN CARCASSES; POULTRY CARCASSES; MEAT TENDERNESS; AVIAN MUSCLE; TEMPERATURE; QUALITY; COLOR; PECTORALIS; TEXTURE; STORAGE AB A study was conducted to investigate the effect of chilling method on broiler carcass skin color, moisture retention, breast fillet quality, and functionality. One hundred fifty eviscerated broiler carcasses were removed from a commercial processing line before chilling, transported to the laboratory, weighed, and chilled by dry air or immersion in ice water. Postchill carcasses were weighed for moisture uptake or loss and held on ice at 4 C for 24 h. Carcass skin color was measured immediately after chilling and after storage. After storage, fillets were deboned, marinated, and cooked. Fillet color was measured on the medial surface before marination and after cooking. Cooked fillet shear values were determined using an Allo-Kramer multiple blade. After 150 min of air chilling, carcasses lost 2.5% of prechill weight, and weight loss ranged from 2.2 to 3.5%. Moisture uptake during immersion averaged 9.3% of the prechill weight but varied widely with a range of 3.4 to 14.7%. Immediately after chilling, breast skin for immersion-chilled carcasses was significantly lighter (higher L*), less red (lower a*), and less yellow (lower b*) than the breast skin color for air-chilled carcasses. Storage time improved appearance (lighter skin color) of air-chilled carcasses. Raw and cooked fillet color, fillet marination pickup, and cooked fillet tenderness were not affected by chilling method. Cook yield for fillets deboned from immersion-chilled carcasses was significantly lower than fillets from air-chilled carcasses. C1 [Smith, D. P.; Northcutt, J. K.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Huezo, R.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Fletcher, D. L.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM dpsmith@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 438 EP 447 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PJ UT WOS:000252810700019 ER PT J AU McReynolds, JL Moore, RW McElroy, AP Hargis, BM Caldwell, DJ AF McReynolds, J. L. Moore, R. W. McElroy, A. P. Hargis, B. M. Caldwell, D. J. TI Evaluation of a competitive exclusion culture and megan Vac 1 on Salmonella typhimurium colonization in neonatal broiler chickens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; chicken; competitive exclusion; vaccine ID ADJUVANT VACCINE; CECAL BACTERIA; LAYING HENS; ENTERITIDIS; EFFICACY; PROTECTION; INFECTION; AVIRULENT; CROP AB The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of individual or simultaneous application of 2 products, a competitive exclusion culture (CEC) or Megan Vac 1 (MV), for bioefficacy in reducing Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) cecal colonization in broiler chicks following experimental challenge. In experiment 1, CEC and MV were applied to day-of-hatch broiler chicks, and chicks were experimentally challenged with ST approximately 48 h later. In control chicks, ST was recovered at a level of 3.84 log(10) cfu/g following direct plating of cecal contents, and 12 of 19 (63.15%) cultured individual ceca were positive following selective enrichment. In chicks receiving CEC by spray application on day of hatch, a numerical reduction in ST recovered from cecal contents (2.63 log(10) cfu/g) and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in recovery of ST from cultured ceca following selective enrichment (4 of 18, or 22.2%) was observed when compared with controls. Significant reductions in ST cecal colonization in chicks treated with MV alone were not observed in experiment 1. In experiment 2, chicks received day-of-hatch spray application of CEC alone, MV alone, or CEC and MV as a combined application immediately prior to or within 24 h of chick placement. When chicks were experimentally challenged with ST 48 h posthatch, significant reductions (P < 0.05) in cecal colonization by ST were observed with each experimental group when compared with nontreated controls. These data suggest that both commercially available products, alone or in combination, are efficacious in reducing cecal colonization in broiler chicks challenged with ST. C1 [McReynolds, J. L.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Moore, R. W.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [McElroy, A. P.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Caldwell, D. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci & Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McReynolds, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mcreynolds@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 456 EP 463 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PJ UT WOS:000252810700021 ER PT J AU Butler, LG Kielland, K Rupp, TS Hanley, TA AF Butler, Lem G. Kielland, Knut Rupp, T. Scott Hanley, Thomas A. TI Interactive controls of herbivory and fluvial dynamics on landscape vegetation patterns on the Tanana River floodplain, interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; boreal forest; fluvial dynamics; herbivory; landscape dynamics; spatially explicit models; succession ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SUB-ARCTIC VEGETATION; BOREAL FOREST; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; MOOSE HERBIVORY; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; ISLE-ROYALE; FIRE; USA; ECOSYSTEM AB Aim We examined the interactive effects of mammalian herbivory and fluvial dynamics on vegetation dynamics and composition along the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Location Model parameters were obtained from field studies along the Tanana River, Alaska between Fairbanks (64 degrees 50.50' N, 147 degrees 43.30' W) and Manley Hot Springs (65 degrees 0.0' N, 150 degrees 36.0' W). Methods We used a spatially explicit model of landscape dynamics (ALFRESCO) to simulate vegetation changes on a 1-year time-step. The model was run for 250 years and was replicated 100 times. Results Increases in herbivory decreased the proportion of early successional vegetation and increased the proportion of late successional vegetation on the simulated landscape. Erosion and accretion worked as antagonists to herbivory, increasing the amount of early successional vegetation and decreasing the amount of late successional vegetation. However, the interactive effects of herbivory and erosion/accretion were especially important in determining system response, particularly in early seral vegetation types. High erosion rates, when coupled with low herbivory, greatly increased the proportion of willow on the landscape. When coupled with high herbivory, however, they greatly increased the proportion of alder on the landscape. At low levels of herbivory, alder abundance peaked at intermediate levels of erosion/accretion. Main conclusions Neither erosion/accretion nor herbivory produced consistent landscape patterns that could be predicted independently of the other. These findings underscore the importance of the interactive effects of biotic and abiotic disturbances in shaping large-scale landscape vegetation patterns in boreal floodplain ecosystems - systems traditionally thought to be driven primarily by abiotic disturbance alone. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kielland, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffkk@uaf.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1622 EP 1631 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01713.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 205CZ UT WOS:000249092100012 ER PT J AU Kolomaznik, K Taylor, MM Brown, EM Uhlirova, M AF Kolomaznik, Karel Taylor, Maryann M. Brown, Eleanor M. Uhlirova, Michaela TI Optimization of time and energy consumption in the enzymatic treatment of chrome tanned solid waste SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th European Congress on Biotechnology (ECB 13) CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN C1 Tomas Bata Univ, Zlin 76005, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RI Barinova, Michaela/H-6434-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 131 IS 2 SU S BP S263 EP S263 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.479 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 213SJ UT WOS:000249687100465 ER PT J AU Nagl, N Weiland, J Lewellen, R AF Nagl, Nevena Weiland, John Lewellen, Robert TI Detection of DNA polymorphism in sugar beet bulks by SRAP and RAPD markers SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th European Congress on Biotechnology (ECB 13) CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN C1 Inst Field & Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Prod Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 131 IS 2 SU S BP S32 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.051 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 213SJ UT WOS:000249687100049 ER PT J AU Cealia, L Harris, SS Rasmussen, H Dawson-Hughes, B AF Cealia, L. Harris, S. S. Rasmussen, H. Dawson-Hughes, B. TI Activation of the calcium sensing receptor with cinacalcet increases serum gastrin levels in healthy older subjects SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Cealia, L.; Harris, S. S.; Rasmussen, H.; Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 MA M221 BP S175 EP S175 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225IA UT WOS:000250509101017 ER PT J AU Cosman, F Dawson-Hughes, B Chen, P Krege, JH AF Cosman, F. Dawson-Hughes, B. Chen, P. Krege, J. H. TI Changes in 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D during treatment with teriparatide SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Cosman, F.] Helen Hayes Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, W Haverstraw, NY USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chen, P.; Krege, J. H.] Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 MA M424 BP S210 EP S210 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225IA UT WOS:000250509101144 ER PT J AU Gertz, ER Silverman, N Kirschke, CP Stewart, JW Hanson, LN Huang, L Alekel, DL Van Loan, MD AF Gertz, E. R. Silverman, N. Kirschke, C. P. Stewart, J. W. Hanson, L. N. Huang, L. Alekel, D. L. Van Loan, M. D. TI Relationship of serum cytokines and monocyte gene expression to bone mineral density and content in postmenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Gertz, E. R.; Silverman, N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. [Kirschke, C. P.; Huang, L.; Van Loan, M. D.] USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA USA. [Stewart, J. W.; Hanson, L. N.; Alekel, D. L.] Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 MA M183 BP S167 EP S167 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225IA UT WOS:000250509100626 ER PT J AU McLean, RR McLennan, CE Qiao, N Broe, KE Tucker, KL Cupples, LA Hannan, MT AF McLean, R. R. McLennan, C. E. Qiao, N. Broe, K. E. Tucker, K. L. Cupples, L. A. Hannan, M. T. TI Net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and bone mineral density in men and women: The Framingham Offspring Study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [McLean, R. R.; Hannan, M. T.] Harvard Med Sch, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [McLennan, C. E.; Broe, K. E.] Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [Qiao, N.; Tucker, K. L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA USA. [Cupples, L. A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 MA T309 BP S307 EP S307 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225IA UT WOS:000250509101530 ER PT J AU McLennan, CE Broe, KB Tucker, KL McLean, RR Kiel, DP Cupples, LA Hannan, MT AF McLennan, C. E. Broe, K. B. Tucker, K. L. McLean, R. R. Kiel, D. P. Cupples, L. A. Hannan, M. T. TI Dietary protein and bone mineral density (BMD) in the presence of low vs high calcium in men and women of the Framingham study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [McLennan, C. E.; Broe, K. B.; McLean, R. R.; Kiel, D. P.; Hannan, M. T.] HSL, Boston, MA USA. [Tucker, K. L.] HNRC Tufts, Boston, MA USA. [Cupples, L. A.] BUSPH, Boston, MA USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 MA W266 BP S429 EP S429 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225IA UT WOS:000250509102353 ER PT J AU Sahni, S Hannan, MT Blumberg, J Cupples, LA Kiel, DP Tucker, KL AF Sahni, S. Hannan, M. T. Blumberg, J. Cupples, L. A. Kiel, D. P. Tucker, K. L. TI Lack of association of carotenoid intake with bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Sahni, S.; Blumberg, J.; Tucker, K. L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Boston, MA USA. [Hannan, M. T.; Kiel, D. P.] Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [Cupples, L. A.] Boston Univ, SPH, Boston, MA USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 MA T317 BP S309 EP S309 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225IA UT WOS:000250509101538 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Qiao, N McLennan, CE Broe, KE McLean, RR Kiel, DP Cupples, LA Hannan, MT AF Tucker, K. L. Qiao, N. McLennan, C. E. Broe, K. E. McLean, R. R. Kiel, D. P. Cupples, L. A. Hannan, M. T. TI Clusters of dietary protein and relation to bone mineral density (BMD) in men and women of the Framingham offspring study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Tucker, K. L.; Qiao, N.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. [McLennan, C. E.; Broe, K. E.; McLean, R. R.; Kiel, D. P.; Hannan, M. T.] HSL, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. [Cupples, L. A.] BUSPH, Boston, MA USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 MA W267 BP S429 EP S429 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225IA UT WOS:000250509102354 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB Kothari, KM AF Altenbach, Susan B. Kothari, Kerry M. TI Omega gliadin genes expressed in Triticum aestivum cv. Butte 86: Effects of post-anthesis fertilizer on transcript accumulation during grain development SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allergens; flour quality; gene expression; gluten proteins; quantitative RT-PCR; wheat grains ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS; IGE-BINDING EPITOPE; WHEAT-FLOUR; MAJOR ALLERGEN; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PROTEIN TYPES; RT-PCR; PROPORTIONS; QUANTITIES AB The partial coding sequences of omega gliadin genes expressed in developing wheat kernels Triticum aestivum cv. Butte 86 were identified in databases of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Three gene assemblies encode proteins with PQQPFP as the predominant repetitive motif. Of these, two encode proteins with at least one cysteine and thus may be incorporated into the glutenin polymer. Another two gene assemblies encode proteins with FPQQQ and QQIPQQ repeats. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate the accumulation of omega gliadin transcripts in developing wheat grains produced with or without post-anthesis fertilizer supplied as 20-20-20 nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium (NPK). Omega gliadin transcripts were detected at 8 days post-anthesis (DPA). The levels of transcript changed little in the absence of NPK during grain development, but increased when plants were supplied with post-anthesis NPK. By 32 DPA, levels of omega gliadin transcripts were considerably higher in grains that received NPK than in those that did not receive NPK. Transcripts for a gamma gliadin showed a different profile, increasing from 8 to about 22 DPA, then decreasing at later time points. In contrast to omega gliadins, both the timing and levels of gamma gliadin transcripts were similar in grains produced with or without post-anthesis NPK. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM altnbach@pw.usda.gov NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.02.001 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 207PE UT WOS:000249262200007 ER PT J AU Bi, JL Castle, SJ Toscano, NC AF Bi, J. L. Castle, S. J. Toscano, N. C. TI Amino acid fluctuations in young and old orange trees and their influence on glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) population densities SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca vitripennis; GWSS densities; orange; free amino acids; orange-GWSS interactions ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII POPULATIONS; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; INDUCED RESISTANCE; DIETARY NITROGEN; PIERCES-DISEASE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; HOST PLANTS; CICADELLIDAE AB The glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) is an invasive insect pest in California that proliferated in citrus while incorporating many other plant species in its host range. Field studies were conducted from September 2002 to September 2003 in adjacent young and old orange groves to determine the influence of amino acid concentrations in the xylem fluid on relative densities of the xylophagous GWSS. Beginning in early September 2002, higher densities of adult GWSS were observed on young compared to old trees. This difference became increasingly pronounced through late October in conjunction with increasing concentrations of essential amino acids in xylem fluid of the young trees. Greater densities of adult GWSS remained on young trees through early February 2003. Thereafter, the population crashed unexpectedly, leaving only negligible numbers of GWSS on either young or old trees. Mean concentrations of the essential amino acids for insect growth and development were higher in young compared to old trees. Besides these essential amino acids, asparagine, serine, glutamine, and tyrosine were also significantly higher in young trees during the September-February period when GWSS was present. The pattern of elevated amino acid concentrations in young trees continued through the entire year irrespective of the presence or absence of GWSS. Principal component analysis followed by factor analysis revealed three factors for young or old orange trees that accounted for 81.6 and 78.9% of the total variation in the young and old tree analyses, respectively. Various groups of amino acids in different factors displayed peak or elevated levels in young trees corresponding to the increased densities of GWSS. The potential roles of these amino acids in GWSS host selection are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Bi, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jianbi@citrus.ucr.edu NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1692 EP 1706 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9346-6 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210HF UT WOS:000249446600004 PM 17786518 ER PT J AU Slone, DH Sullivan, BT AF Slone, D. H. Sullivan, B. T. TI An automated approach to detecting signals in electroantennogram data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE olfaction; antennogram; statistical model; semiochemical; signal-to-noise ratio ID SEX-PHEROMONE; VOLATILES; RESPONSES; IDENTIFICATION; MOTH AB Coupled gas chromatography/electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) is a widely used method for identifying insect olfactory stimulants present in mixtures of volatiles, and it can greatly accelerate the identification of insect semiochemicals. In GC-EAD, voltage changes across an insect's antenna are measured while the antenna is exposed to compounds eluting from a gas chromatograph. The antenna thus serves as a selective GC detector whose output can be compared to that of a "general" GC detector, commonly a flame ionization detector. Appropriate interpretation of GC-EAD results requires that olfaction-related voltage changes in the antenna be distinguishable from background noise that arises inevitably from antennal preparations and the GC-EAD-associated hardware. In this paper, we describe and compare mathematical algorithms for discriminating olfaction-generated signals in an EAD trace from background noise. The algorithms amplify signals by recognizing their characteristic shape and wavelength while suppressing unstructured noise. We have found these algorithms to be both powerful and highly discriminatory even when applied to noisy traces where the signals would be difficult to discriminate by eye. This new methodology removes operator bias as a factor in signal identification, can improve realized sensitivity of the EAD system, and reduces the number of runs required to confirm the identity of an olfactory stimulant. C1 USGS, Florida Intgrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Insect Res, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Slone, DH (reprint author), USGS, Florida Intgrated Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Ter, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM dslone@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1748 EP 1762 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9338-6 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210HF UT WOS:000249446600008 PM 17668268 ER PT J AU Gries, R Schaefer, PW Hahn, R Khaskin, G Ramaseshiah, G Singh, B Hehar, GK Gries, G AF Gries, Regine Schaefer, Paul W. Hahn, Roger Khaskin, Grigori Ramaseshiah, Gujjandadu Singh, Balbir Hehar, Gagandeep K. Gries, Gerhard TI Sex pheromone components of indian gypsy moth, Lymantria obfuscata SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indian gypsy moth; Lymantria obfuscata; Lymantria dispar; (+)-disparlure; (-)-disparlure; (Z)-2-methyloctadec-7-ene; (3R,7Z)-3-methylnonadec-7-ene; (3S,7Z)-3-methylnonadec-7-ene; (3R,7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-3-methylnonadecane; (3S,7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-3-methylnonadecane; sex pheromone; lepidoptera; lymantriidae ID LEPIDOPTERA-LYMANTRIIDAE; SOUTH-INDIA; NUN MOTH; ENANTIOMERS; DISPARLURE; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; ATTRACTANCY; INHIBITOR; MONACHA AB The Indian gypsy moth, Lymantria obfuscata (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), has been recognized as a distinct species since 1865 but closely resembles a diminutive form of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. We tested the hypothesis that the sex pheromones of L. obfuscata and L. dispar are similar. In laboratory mate acceptance studies, very few male L. dispar made copulatory attempts when paired with female L. obfuscata, suggesting that female L. obfuscata emit one or more pheromone components antagonistic to male L. dispar. In coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone gland extract of female L. obfuscata, (Z)-2-methyloctadec-7-ene (2Me-7Z-18Hy) and (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(+)-disparlure] were most abundant and elicited the strongest responses from male L. obfuscata antennae. In field experiments near Solan (Himachal Pradesh, India), 2Me-7Z-18Hy and (+)-disparlure in combination attracted more male L. obfuscata than did either component alone. This two-component sex pheromone contrasts with the single-component sex pheromone [(+)-disparlure] of L. dispar. The contrasting composition of the lymantriid communities inhabited by L. obfuscata and L. dispar may explain why 2Me-7Z-18Hy is a pheromone component in L. obfuscata and a pheromone antagonist in L. dispar and why (-)-disparlure reduces pheromonal attraction of male L. dispar but not male L. obfuscata. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca NR 47 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1774 EP 1786 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9328-8 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210HF UT WOS:000249446600010 PM 17641931 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, AS Gebermariam, T Fu, Y Lin, L Husseiny, MI French, SW Schwartz, J Skory, CD Edwards, JE Spellbergl, BJ AF Ibrahim, Ashraf S. Gebermariam, Teclegiorgis Fu, Yue Lin, Lin Husseiny, Mohamed I. French, Samuel W. Schwartz, Julie Skory, Christopher D. Edwards, John E., Jr. Spellbergl, Brad J. TI The iron chelator deferasirox protects mice from mucormycosis through iron starvation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Focus on Fungal Infections Conference CY MAR 07-09, 2007 CL San Diego, CA ID RHIZOPUS-ORYZAE; IMPROVES SURVIVAL; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; BETA-THALASSEMIA; AMPHOTERICIN-B; IN-VITRO; ZYGOMYCOSIS; DEFEROXAMINE; INFECTION; OVERLOAD AB Mucormycosis causes mortality in at least 50% of cases despite current first-line therapies. Clinical and animal data indicate that the presence of elevated available serum iron predisposes the host to mucormycosis. Here we demonstrate that deferasirox, an iron chelator recently approved for use in humans by the US FDA, is a highly effective treatment for mucormycosis. Deferasirox effectively chelated iron from Rhizopus oryzae and demonstrated cidal activity in vitro against 28 of 29 clinical isolates of Mucorales at concentrations well below clinically achievable serum levels. When administered to diabetic ketoacidotic or neutropenic mice with mucormycosis, deferasirox significantly improved survival and decreased tissue fungal burden, with an efficacy similar to that of liposomal amphotericin B. Deferasirox treatment also enhanced the host inflammatory response to mucormycosis. Most importantly, deferasirox synergistically improved survival and reduced tissue fungal burden when combined with liposomal amphotericin B. These data support clinical investigation of adjunctive deferasirox therapy to improve the poor outcomes of mucormycosis with current therapy. As iron availability is integral to the pathogenesis of other infections (e.g., tuberculosis, malaria), broader investigation of deferasirox as an antiinfective treatment is warranted. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Charles River Labs, Davis, CA USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Ibrahim, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles Cty Harbor Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, 1124 W Carson St, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. EM ibrahim@labiomed.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI019990, AI063382, K08 AI060641, R01 AI063382, R01 AI063503, R01 AI19990, R01 AI63503-01A2, R21 AI064716, R21 AI064716-01A2] NR 44 TC 124 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 117 IS 9 BP 2649 EP 2657 DI 10.1172/JCI32338 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 209JK UT WOS:000249384600035 PM 17786247 ER PT J AU Abdelbaqi, K Buissonniere, A Prouzet-Mauleon, V Gresser, J Wesley, I Megraud, F Menard, A AF Abdelbaqi, Khalil Buissonniere, Alice Prouzet-Mauleon, Valerie Gresser, Jessica Wesley, Irene Megraud, Francis Menard, Armelle TI Development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR to detect Arcobacter species SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA TOPOISOMERASE-I; GYRA GENE; CAMPYLOBACTER; BUTZLERI; IDENTIFICATION; HELICOBACTER; PREVALENCE; 16S; BACTEREMIA; PHYLOGENY AB A real-time PCR targeting the gyrase A subunit gene outside the quinolone resistance-determining region has been developed to detect Arcobacter species. The species identification was done by probe hybridization and melting curve analysis, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology. Discrimination between Arcobacter species was straightforward, as the corresponding melting points showed significant differences with the characteristic melting temperatures of 63.5 degrees C, 58.4 degrees C, 60.6 degrees C, and 51.8 degrees C for the Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Arcobacter cibarius, and Arcobacter nitrofigilis type strains, respectively. The specificity of this assay was confirmed with pure cultures of 106 Arcobacter isolates from human clinical and veterinary specimens identified by phenotypic methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The assay was then used to screen 345 clinical stool samples obtained from patients with diarrhea. The assay detected A. butzleri in four of these clinical samples (1.2%). These results were confirmed by a conventional PCR method targeting the 16S rRNA gene with subsequent sequencing of the PCR product. In conclusion, this real-time assay detects and differentiates Arcobacter species in pure culture as well as in the competing microbiota of the stool matrix. The assay is economical since only one biprobe is used and multiple Arcobacter species are identified in a single test. C1 Univ Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Ctr Natl Reference Helicobacters & Campylobacters, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. INSERM, U853, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Megraud, F (reprint author), Univ Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bacteriol Lab, INSERM, U853, Bat 2B RDC Zone Nord,146 Rue Leo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. EM francis.megraud@chu-bordeaux.fr OI menard, armelle/0000-0002-6130-736X NR 44 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3015 EP 3021 DI 10.1128/JCM.00256-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 211EK UT WOS:000249506900040 PM 17652482 ER PT J AU Doherty, TJ Kattesh, HG Adcock, RJ Welborn, MG Saxton, AM Morrow, JL Dailey, JW AF Doherty, T. J. Kattesh, H. G. Adcock, R. J. Welborn, M. G. Saxton, A. M. Morrow, J. L. Dailey, J. W. TI Effects of a concentrated lidocaine solution on the acute phase stress response to dehorning in dairy calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calf; dehorning; cortisol; lidocaine ID ACUTE CORTISOL RESPONSE; LOCAL-ANESTHESIA; ALPHA(1)-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; PLASMA-CORTISOL; YOUNG CALVES; L-SELECTIN; NEUTROPHILS; KETOPROFEN; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; DEXAMETHASONE AB The objective of this study was to more fully define the surgical stress response to dehorning by heat cauterization in dairy calves by measuring behavioral, hormonal, inflammatory, and immunological markers of stress and to determine whether a nerve block of the surgical site with a concentrated solution of lidocaine (5%) reduces the degree of stress. Thirty-two 10- to 12wk- old female Holstein calves were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments: 5% lidocaine followed by dehorning, 2% lidocaine followed by dehorning, saline followed by dehorning, or 5% lidocaine followed by sham dehorning. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured in blood samples collected via a jugular catheter at -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Various other blood constituents were measured in samples collected at -0.5, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Feeding, drinking, scratching, grooming, rubbing, licking, and inactivity behaviors were observed in the standing and recumbent positions using a 10-min scan sampling method analyzed on a time period and daily basis for 72 h following the dehorning procedure. The frequency of vocalization, kicking, and lying in the chute during the dehorning procedure were also assessed. The overall plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in calves subjected to dehorning than in control calves. Compared with the control group, the saline-treated calves had a higher cortisol concentration at 30 and 60 min postdehorning. Plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in all groups at 30 min postdehorning than at other sampling times. The percentage of circulating neutrophils and the neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio were increased in the saline and 2% lidocaine group. Total plasma protein, fibrinogen, and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein concentrations were similar among treatments. The behavioral response to dehorning, as manifested by kicking while in the chute, was greater in the saline and 2% lidocaine group than in the control or 5% lidocaine treatment groups. In the postdehorning period, the percentage of time calves spent performing various maintenance behaviors did not differ among treatments. Thus, injection of 5% lidocaine may not provide any added comfort after the dehorning but may decrease the overall stress response during the procedure. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Univ, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Doherty, TJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hkattesh@utk.edu NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 9 BP 4232 EP 4239 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0080 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 200AX UT WOS:000248737400026 PM 17699042 ER PT J AU Appuhamy, JADRN Cassell, BG Dechow, CD Cole, JB AF Appuhamy, J. A. D. R. N. Cassell, B. G. Dechow, C. D. Cole, J. B. TI Phenotypic relationships of common health disorders in dairy cows to lactation persistency estimated from daily milk weights SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cow; health disorder; persistency; phenotypic relationship ID GENETIC-PARAMETERS; THRESHOLD MODELS; HOLSTEIN COWS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; CATTLE; TRAITS; CURVE; DISEASE; YIELDS AB The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic relationship between common health disorders in dairy cows and lactation persistency, uncorrelated with 305-d yield. The relationships with peak yield and days in milk (DIM) at peak were also studied. Daily milk weights and treatment incidence records of 991 Holstein lactations from experimental dairy herds at Virginia Tech and Pennsylvania State University were used. Persistency was calculated as a function of daily yield deviations from standard lactation curves, developed separately for first (FL)and later lactations (LL), and deviations of DIM around reference dates: 128 for FL and 125 for LL. Days in milk at peak and peak yield were computed for each lactation by using Wood's function. The disease traits studied were mastitis (MAST) only during the first 100 d (MAST1), only after 100 DIM (MAST2), both before and after 100 DIM (MAST12), and at any stage of lactation (MAST1/2), as well as metritis, displaced abomasums, lameness, and metabolic diseases. Each disease was defined as a binary trait, distinguishing between lactations with at least one incidence (1) and lactations with no incidences (0). The relationships of diseases to persistency, DIM at peak, and peak yield were investigated separately for FL and LL for all disease traits except MAST12, which was investigated across parities. The relationships of persistency to probability of the diseases in the same lactation and in the next lactation were examined using odds ratios from a logistic regression model. Metritis and displaced abomasums in FL and LL were associated with significantly higher persistencies. Metabolic diseases and MAST1 in LL were significantly related to higher persistencies. The relationships of MAST2 in both FL and LL, and MAST12 across parities were significant but negative. Cows affected by MAST tended to have less persistent lactations. Most of the diseases had a significant impact on DIM at peak in LL. In LL, metritis, metabolic diseases, and displaced abomasums tended to significantly delay DIM at peak. Mastitis only after 100 DIM was associated with significantly earlier DIM at peak in LL. Increasing persistency was associated with low MAST2 and MAST1/2 in primiparous cows. None of the diseases studied was significantly related to persistency of the previous lactation. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Appuhamy, JADRN (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM appuhamy@vt.edu RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 9 BP 4424 EP 4434 DI 10.3168/jds.2007.0077 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 200AX UT WOS:000248737400047 PM 17699063 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Bosch, DD Joo, H Schaffer, B Munoz-Carpena, R AF Potter, Thomas L. Bosch, David D. Joo, Hyun Schaffer, Bruce Munoz-Carpena, Rafael TI Summer cover crops reduce atrazine leaching to shallow groundwater in southern Florida SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; SUBSURFACE SOIL; LOAM SOIL; MINERALIZATION; METABOLITES; EVERGLADES; SORPTION; PESTICIDES; AQUIFER; SYSTEMS AB At Florida southeastern tip, sweet corn (Zea Mays) is grown commercially during winter months. Most fields are treated with atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-[1-methylethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine). Hydrogeologic conditions indicate a potential for P shallow groundwater contamination. This was investigated by measuring the parent compound and three degradates-DEA (6-chloro-N-[1-methylethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), DIA (6-chloro-N-ethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, and HA (6-, hydroxy-N-[1-methylethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)-in water samples collected beneath sweet corn plots treated annually with the herbicide. During the study, a potential mitigation measure (i.e., the use of a cover crop, Sunn Hemp [Crotalaria junceaL.], during summer fallow periods followed by chopping and turning the crop into soil before planting the next crop) was evaluated. Over 3.5 yr and production of four corn crops, groundwater monitoring indicated leaching of atrazine, DIA, and DEA, with DEA accounting for more than half of all residues in most samples. Predominance of DEA, which increased after the second atrazine application, was interpreted as an indication of rapid and extensive atrazine degradation in soil and indicated that an adapted community of atrazine degrading organisms had developed. A companion laboratory, study found a sixfold increase in atrazine degradation rate in soil after three applications.. Groundwater data also revealed that atrazine and degradates concentrations were significantly lower in samples collected beneath cover crop plots when compared with concentrations below fallow plots, Together, these findings i demonstrated a relatively small although potentially significant risk for leaching of atrazine and its deakylated degradates to groundwater and that the use of a cover crop like Sunn Hemp during summer months may be an effective mitigation measure. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM tom.potter@ars.usda.gov RI Munoz-Carpena, Rafael/A-7588-2010 OI Munoz-Carpena, Rafael/0000-0003-2838-1514 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1309 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0526 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200009 PM 17636291 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Koger, CH Loke, MA Steinriede, RW AF Krutz, L. Jason Koger, Clifford H., III Loke, Martin A. Steinriede, Robert W., Jr. TI Reduced surface runoff losses of metolachlor in narrow-row compared to wide-row soybean SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; TILTED-BED SIMULATION; HERBICIDE CONCENTRATIONS; FOLIAR WASHOFF; GLYCINE-MAX; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; CHEMICAL RUNOFF; COTTON PLANTS; SOIL-MOISTURE; RAINFALL AB Cultural management practices that reduce the off-site transport of herbicides applied to row crops are needed to protect surface water quality. 4 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]field study was conducted near Stoneville, MS on Sharkey clay to evaluate row sparing (50 cm vs. 100 cm) effects' on metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-metfiylphenyl)-N-(methoxy-1-methylethlyl) acetamide] transport. One day after, the foliar application of metolachlor to 2.03 m wide by 2.43m long plots, 60 mm h(-1) of simulated rainfall was applied until 25 min of runoff was generated per plot. The calculated mass of metolachlor intercepted by the soybean foliage was greater in narrow-row than wide-row soybean, 0.39 kg ha(-1). vs. 0.23 kg ha(-1), respectively. Field and laboratory, studies indicated that less than 2%, of the metolachlor intercepted by the soybean foliage was available for foliar wash-off 1 d after application. Antecedent, soil water content at the start of the simulations was lower in narrow-row soybean. In turn, there was a 1.7-fold greater time, to runoff on narrow-row plots. The, greater time to runoff,likely contributed to lower metolachlor concentration in runoff from narrow-row plots. Cumulative' metolachlor losses were significantly greater in wide-row than narrow-row soybean, 3.7% vs. 2.2%, respectively. Findings indicate that narrow-row planting, systems may reduce, 1 metolachlor runoff following a post-emergence application. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1337 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0548 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200013 PM 17636295 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Toride, N AF Bradford, S. A. Toride, N. TI A stochastic model for colloid transport and deposition SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; FILTRATION THEORY; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; SURFACE-CHARGE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL FILTRATION; TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS; VIRUS TRANSPORT; BED FILTRATION; WASTE-WATER AB Profiles of retained colloids in porous media have frequently been observed to be hyper-exponential or non-monotonic with transport depth under unfavorable attachment conditions, whereas filtration theory predicts an exponential profile. In this work we present a stochastic model for colloid transport and deposition that allows various hypotheses for such deviations to be tested. The model is based on the conventional advective dispersion equation that accounts for first-order kinetic deposition and release of colloids. One or two stochastic parameters can be considered in this model, including the deposition coefficient, the release coefficient, and the average pore water velocity. In the case of one stochastic parameter, the probability density function (PDF) is characterized using log-normal, bimodal log-normal, or a simple two species/region formulation. When two stochastic parameters are considered, then a joint log-normal PDF is employed. Simulation results indicated that variations in the deposition coefficient and the average pore water velocity can both produce hyper-exponential deposition profiles. Bimodal formulations for the PDF were also able to produce hyper-exponential profiles, but with much lower variances in the deposition coefficient. The shape of the deposition profile was found to be very sensitive to the correlation of deposition and release coefficients and to the correlation of pore water velocity and deposition coefficient. Application of the developed stochastic model to a particular set of colloid transport and deposition data indicated that chemical heterogeneity of the colloid population could not fully explain the observed behavior. Alternative interpretations were therefore proposed based on variability of the pore size and the water velocity distributions. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Mie Univ, Fac Bioresources, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1346 EP 1356 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200015 PM 17636297 ER PT J AU Kleinman, P Sullivan, D Wolf, A Brandt, R Dou, ZX Elliott, H Kovar, J Leytem, A Maguire, R Moore, P Saporito, L Sharpley, A Shober, A Sims, T Toth, J Toor, G Zhang, HL Zhang, TQ AF Kleinman, Peter Sullivan, Dan Wolf, Ann Brandt, Robin Dou, Zhengxia Elliott, Herschel Kovar, John Leytem, April Maguire, Rory Moore, Philip Saporito, Lou Sharpley, Andrew Shober, Amy Sims, Tom Toth, John Toor, Gurpal Zhang, Hailin Zhang, Tiequan TI Selection of a water-extractable phosphorus test for manures and biosolids as an indicator of runoff loss potential SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL; DIETS; SOILS; FORMS AB The correlation of runoff phosphorus (P) with water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) in land-applied manures and biosolids has spurred wide use of WEP as a water quality indicator. Land managers, planners, and researchers need a common WEP protocol to consistently use WEP in nutrient management. Our objectives were to (i) identify a common WEP protocol with sufficient accuracy and precision to be adopted by commercial testing laboratories and (ii) confirm that the common protocol is a reliable index of ruroff P Ten laboratories across North America evaluated alternative protocols with an array of manure and biosolids samples. A single laboratory analyzed all samples and conducted a separate runoff study with the manures and biosolids. Extraction ratio (solution:solids) was the most important factor affecting WEP, with WEP increasing from 10:1 to 100: 1 and increasing from 100: 1 to 200:1. When WEP was measured by a single laboratory, correlations with runoff P from packed soil boxes amended with manure and biosolids ranged from 0.79 to 0.92 across all protocol combinations (extraction ratio, filtration method, and P determination method). Correlations with P in runoff were slightly lower but significant when WEP was measured by the 10 labs (r = 0.56-0.86). Based on laboratory repeatability and water quality evaluation criteria, we recommend the following common protocol 100:1 extraction ratio; I-h shaking and centrifiage 10 min at 1500 x g(filter with Whatman #1 paper if necessary); and determining P by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry or colorimetric methods. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Penn State Univ, Agr Analyt Serv Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Virginia Polytech Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. RP Kleinman, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Peter.Kleinman@ars.usda.gov RI Shober, Amy/B-8935-2008 NR 35 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1367 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0450 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200016 PM 17636298 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Matheny, TA Ro, KS AF Hunt, P. G. Matheny, T. A. Ro, K. S. TI Nitrous oxide accumulation in soils from riparian buffers of a coastal plain watershed-carbon/nitrogen ratio control SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SWINE WASTE-WATER; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; NITRATE REMOVAL; N2O EMISSION; DENITRIFICATION; FOREST; FLUXES; ZONE; DYNAMICS; STREAM AB Riparian buffers are used throughout the world for the protection of water bodies from nonpoint-source nitrogen pollution. Few studies of riparian or treatment wetland denitrification consider the production of nitrous oxide (N2O). The objectives of this research were to ascertain the level of potential N2O production in riparian buffers and identify controlling factors for N2O accumulations within riparian soils of an agricultural watershed in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the USA. Soil samples were obtained from ten sites (site types) with different agronomic management and landscape position. Denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. Nitrous oxide accumulations were measured after incubation with and without acetylene (baseline N2O production). The mean DEA (with acetylene) was 59 pg N2O-N kg(-1) soil h(-1) for all soil samples from the watershed. If no acecylene was added to block conversion of N2O to N-2, only 15 pg N2O-N kg(-1) soil h(-1) were accumulated. Half of the samples accumulated no N2O. The highest level of denitrification was found in the soil surface layers and in buffers impacted by either livestock waste or nitrogen from legume production. Nitrous oxide accumulations (with acetylene inhibition) were correlated to soil nitrogen (r(2) = 0.59). Without acetylene inhibition, correlations with soil and site characteristics were lower. Nitrous oxide accumulations were found to be essentially zero, if the soil C/N ratios > 25. Soil C/N ratios may be an easily measured and widely applicable parameter for identification of potential hot spots of N productions from riparian buffers. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Patrick.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1368 EP 1376 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0255 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200017 PM 17636299 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL Angle, JS Broadhurst, CL Peters, CA Tappero, RV Sparks, DL AF Chaney, Rufus L. Angle, J. Scott Broadhurst, C. Leigh Peters, Carinne A. Tappero, Ryan V. Sparks, Donald L. TI Improved understanding of hyperaccumulation yields commercial phytoextraction and phytomining technologies SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID THLASPI-CAERULESCENS POPULATIONS; HEAVY-METAL HYPERACCUMULATION; NICKEL-ACCUMULATING PLANTS; TOBACCO NICOTIANA-TABACUM; CONTAMINATED SOILS; ALYSSUM-MURALE; INDIAN MUSTARD; CADMIUM UPTAKE; ZEA-MAYS; ARABIDOPSIS-HALLERI AB This paper reviews progress in phytoextraction of soil elements and illustrates the key role of hyperaccumulator plant species in useful phyroextraction technologies. Much research has focused on elements which are not practically phytoextracted (Pb); on addition of chelating agents which cause unacceptable contaminant leaching and are cost prohibitive; and on plant species which offer no useful phytoextraction capability (e.g., Brassica juncea Czern). Nickel phytoextraction by Alysswm hyperaccumulator species, which have been developed into a commercial phytomining technology, is discussed in more detail. Nickel is ultimately accumulated in vacuoles of leaf epidermal cells which prevents metal toxicity and provides defense against some insect predators and plant diseases, Constitutive tip-regulation of trans-membrane element transporters appears to be the key process that allows these plants to achieve hyperaccumulation, Cadmium phyroextraction is needed for rice soils contaminated by mine wastes and smelter emissions with 100-fold more soil Zn than Cd. Although many plant species can accumulate high levels of Cd. Although many plant species can accumulate high levels of Cd in the absence of Zn, when Cd/Zn > 100 only Thlaspi caerulescens from southern France has demonstrated the ability to phytoextract useful amounts of Cd. Production of element-enriched biomass with value as ore or fertilizer or improved food (Se) or feed supplement may offset costs of phytoextraction crop production. Transgenic phytoextraction plants have been achieved for Hg, but not for other elements. Although several researchers have been attempting to clone all genes required for effective hyperaccumulation of several elements, success appears years away; such demonstrations will be needed to prove we have identified all necessary processes in hyperaccumulation. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Chaney, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rufus.Chaney@ars.usda.gov NR 192 TC 163 Z9 172 U1 10 U2 111 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1429 EP 1443 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0514 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200025 PM 17766822 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Strickland, TC Potter, TL Franklin, DH Bosch, DD Bednarz, CW AF Truman, C. C. Strickland, T. C. Potter, T. L. Franklin, D. H. Bosch, D. D. Bednarz, C. W. TI Variable rainfall intensity and tillage effects on runoff, sediment, and carbon losses from a loamy sand under simulated rainfall SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE RUNOFF; SOIL-EROSION; COTTON; INFILTRATION; PRECIPITATION; MANAGEMENT; GEORGIA AB The low-carbon, intensively cropped Coastal Plain soils of Georgia are susceptible to runoff, soil loss, and drought. Reduced tillage sytems offer the best management tool for sustained row crop production. Understanding runoff, sediment, and chemical losses from conventional and reduced tillage systems is expected to improve if the effect of a variable rainfall intensity storm was quantified. Our objective was to quantify and compare effects of a constant (I-c) intensity pattern and a more realistic, observed variable (I-v) rainfall intensity pattern on runoff (R), sediment (E), and carbon losses (C) from a Tifton loamy sand cropped to conventional-till (CT) and strip-till (ST) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Four treatments were evaluated: CT-I-c CT-I-v ST-I-c and ST-I-v each replicated three times. Field plots (n = 12), each 2 by 3 m, were established on each treatment. Each 6-m(2) field plot received simulated rainfall at 4 constant (57 mm h(-1)) or variable rainfall intensity pattern for 70 min (12-run ave. = 1402 mL; CV = 3%). The 1, pattern represented the most frequent occurring intensity pattern for spring storms in the region. Compared I with CT, ST decreased R by 5-fold, E by 3.5-fold, and C by 7-fold. Maximum runoff values for I-v events were 1.6-fold higher than those for I-c events and occurred 38 min earlier. Values for E-tot and C-tot for events I-v were 19-36% and 1.5-fold higher than corresponding values for I-c events. Values for E-max and C-max for I-v events were 3-fold and 4-fold higher than corresponding values for I-c events. Carbon enrichment ratios (CER) were <= 1.0 for ST plots and >= 1.0 for CT plots (except for first 20 min), Maximum CER for CT-I-c CT-I-v ST-I-c and ST-I-v were 2.0, 2.2, 1.0, and 1.2, respectively. Transport of sediment, carbon, and agrichemicals would be better understood if variable rainfall intensity patterns derived from natural rainfall were used in rainfall simulations to evaluate their fate and transport from CT and ST systems. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Clint.Truman@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 46 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1495 EP 1502 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200032 PM 17766829 ER PT J AU Kaspar, TC Jaynes, DB Parkin, TB Moorman, TB AF Kaspar, T. C. Jaynes, D. B. Parkin, T. B. Moorman, T. B. TI Rye cover crop and garnagrass strip effects on NO3 concentration and load in tile drainage SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REDUCE NITRATE LOSS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; SYSTEM; SOILS; RIVER; CORN; OAT AB A significant portion of the NO3 from agricultural- fields,,that contaminates surface waters in the Midwest Corn Belt is transported to streams or rivers by subsurface drainage systems "tiles." Previous research has shown that N fertilizer management alone is not sufficient for-reducing NO3 concentrations in subsurface drainage to acceptable levels; therefore, additional approaches need to be devised. We compared two cropping system modifications for NO3 concentration and load in subsurface, drainage water for a no-till corn, (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) management system. In one treatment, eastern gamagrass (Tipsacum dactyloides L.) was grown in permanent, 3.05-m-wide strips above the tiles. For the second treatment, a rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop was seeded over the entire plot, area each year near harvest and chemically killed before planting the following spring. Twelve 30.5 x 42.7-m subsurface-drained field plots were established in 1999 with an automated system for measuring tile flow and collecting flow-weighted samples. Both, treatments and a control were initiated in 2000 and replicated four times. Full establishment of both treatments did not occur until. fall 2001 because of dry conditions. Treatment comparisons were conducted from 2002 through 2005. The rye cover crop treatment significantly reduced subsurface drainage water flow-weighted NO3 Concentrations and NO3 loads in all 4 yr. the rye cover crop, treatment did not significantly reduce cumulative annual drainage. Averaged over 4 yr, the rye cover crop reduced flow-weighted NO3 concentrations by 59% and loads by 61%. The gamagrass strips did not significantly reduce Cumulative drainage, the average annual flow-weighted NO3 concentrations, or cumulative NO3 loads averaged over the 4 yr, Rye winter cover crops grown after corn and soybean have the potential to reduce the NO3 concentrations and loads delivered to surface waters by subsurface drainage systems. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kaspar, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Kaspar@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 7 U2 55 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1503 EP 1511 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0468 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200033 PM 17766830 ER PT J AU Collick, AS Inglis, S Wright, P Steenhuis, TS Bowman, DD AF Collick, Amy S. Inglis, Scott Wright, Peter Steenhuis, Tammo S. Bowman, Dwight D. TI Inactivation of Ascaris suum in a biodrying compost system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHILIC-ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; EGGS; SURVIVAL; WASTE; BIOSOLIDS; VIABILITY; AMMONIA AB Pathogen contamination of waterways is a serious concern in dairy farming areas where livestock waste is applied to agricultural fields. As an alternative, a biodrying composting system dries collected livestock waste, reduces the strong odors, and has been proposed as a means of reducing, and even eliminating pathogens present in the waste. Therefore, the survival of pathogens in a biodrying composting system was investigated. Dairy farm livestock waste was piled in a biodrying storage shed where forced aeration and natural decomposition processes heated a major portion of the waste pile to temperatures exceeding 55 degrees C. Ascaris suum eggs were used as the surrogate species and inoculated into special chambers and placed at three different elevations at different intervals along the length of the pile. Control chambers were stored in water at 4 degrees C in the laboratory. Both compost and control chambers were removed at Day 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. The eggs were extracted from the chamber medium and analyzed for viability. No viable eggs were recovered from any of the chambers removed from the compost pile, while >= 90% viability was observed in the control chambers. High temperatures and continued drying were the major contributing factors to the inactivation of the helminth eggs. The complete inactivation of A. suum eggs by the biodrying process encourages the storage and treatment of manure to high temperatures and reduced moisture conditions before field spreading to reduce the risk of harmful pathogens contaminating waterways and potential drinking water supplies. C1 Cornell Univ, Biol & Environm Engn Dep, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Syracuse, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Steenhuis, TS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Biol & Environm Engn Dep, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tss1@cornell.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1528 EP 1533 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0523 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200036 PM 17766833 ER PT J AU Purcell, KL AF Purcell, Kathryn L. TI Nesting habitat of Warbling Vireos across an elevational gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevational gradient; habitat selection; nesting habitat; nest-site selection; Vireo gilvus; Warbling Vireo ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SITE CHARACTERISTICS; POPULATION; SELECTION; BIRDS; CALIFORNIA; PARASITISM; SONGBIRDS; SUCCESS AB Populations of Warbling Vireos (Vireo gilvus) are declining in California, apparently due to low reproductive success. From 1989-2002, I studied the nest-site selection and reproductive success of Warbling Vireos across an elevational gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada. Warbling Vireos regularly nested in upland coniferous forests with few or no deciduous trees, and tree species used by nesting vireos included five species of conifers and four species of deciduous trees. Overall, hardwoods were used more than expected based on their availability, but 69% of all nests were in conifers. Hardwood trees were found only in low and mid-elevation ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and mixed-conifer sites. In low-elevation ponderosa pine habitat, 87% of nests were in hardwoods, with 67% in California black oaks (Quercus kelloggii), a species that typically occupies upland sites. In mixed-conifer sites where reproductive success was high, 65% of nests were in incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) and California black oak was the next most commonly used species. Because fire suppression has likely increased numbers of shade-tolerant tree species like incense cedar, shade-intolerant species like black oaks may have been more important as a nest substrate for vireos in the past. Only conifers were used as nesting substrates at higher elevations. Nest success was greater for Warbling Vireos that nested in tall trees in areas with high basal area. My results suggest that Warbling Vireos in the Sierra Nevada would benefit from management activities that encourage retention and recruitment of California black oaks at lower elevations, and development of stands with large trees, dense foliage, and semi-open canopy throughout their elevation range. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Purcell, KL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM kpurcell@fs.fed.us RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 78 IS 3 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00107.x PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 206JO UT WOS:000249179900001 ER PT J AU Faaborg, J Dugger, KM Arendt, WJ AF Faaborg, John Dugger, Katie M. Arendt, Wayne J. TI Long-term variation in the winter resident bird community of Guanica Forest, Puerto Rico: lessons for measuring and monitoring species richness SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mist netting; Neotropical migrants; Puerto Rico; species richness; winter residents ID MIGRATORY SONGBIRD; WARBLERS AB Because the winter season is potentially limiting for migratory birds, understanding their nonbreeding distributional patterns is essential. At a given site, patterns of species occurrence and abundance may vary over time and, within a species, wintering strategies may vary with regard to the degree that individuals are site-faithful both within and between winters. We examined long-term patterns in the composition of a winter resident bird community to determine how long a site must be studied to understand the wintering community. Over a 34-yr period of constant-effort mist netting at a site in Guanica, Puerto Rico, we captured 21 species of winter resident birds, with mean total captures varying from 8.3 to 18.9 individuals per net line and 6-14 species captured per year. Species richness capture/recapture models generated numbers similar to actual capture rates. Capture and recapture data allowed us to categorize winter residents into three groups: sporadic winter residents (14 species), regular winter residents (four species captured nearly every year), and dominant winter residents (three species captured each year with high rates of recapture). Our results suggest that sampling for at least three consecutive winters is needed to accurately characterize the bird community at a site. However, sampling for 5 yr is better, and 10-yr samples generate patterns similar to those based on our entire 34-yr sample. A 1-yr sample provides minimal information about the composition and characteristics of a winter resident bird community. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Faaborg, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM faaborgj@Missouri.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 78 IS 3 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00114.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 206JO UT WOS:000249179900005 ER PT J AU Peng, YK Lu, RF AF Peng, Yankun Lu, Renfu TI Prediction of apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content using characteristics of multispectral scattering images SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fruit; apples; firmness; soluble solids content; multispectral imaging; scattering; modified Lorentzian function; modified Gompertz function ID INFRARED DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; IMAGING-SYSTEM; MODELS AB Multispectral scattering is a promising technique for non-destructive sensing of multiple quality attributes of apple fruit. This research developed new, improved methods for processing and analyzing multispectral scattering profiles in order to design and build a better multispectral imaging system for real-time measurement of apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content. Spectral scattering images were obtained from Golden Delicious apples at four selected wavebands (680, 800, 900 and 950 nm) using a common-aperture multispectral imaging system. The scattering intensity and distance were corrected by incorporating the effect of individual apples' size. A new method of correcting scattering image profiles was proposed to minimize the effect of light source variation on the calculation of scattering function parameters. Modified Gompertz and Lorentzian functions with four parameters and their variants were evaluated and compared for predicting fruit firmness and soluble solids content using multi-linear regression and cross-validation methods. The modified Gompertz function had better prediction results with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.896 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 6.50 N for firmness, and r = 0.816 and SEP = 0.92% for soluble solids content. This new function, coupled with the scattering profile correction methods, improved the multispectral scattering technique for measuring fruit quality. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 China Agr Univ, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Michigan State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Peng, YK (reprint author), China Agr Univ, 17 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM pengy@msu.edu NR 27 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 82 IS 2 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.12.027 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 171NQ UT WOS:000246743100006 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT AF Jones, D. R. Musgrove, M. T. TI Pathogen prevalence and microbial levels associated with restricted shell eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; THERMAL-RESISTANCE; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; PRODUCTS; RAW; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; CONTAMINATION; PENETRATION; SURVIVAL AB Restricted shell eggs that do not meet quality standards for retail but maintain acceptable quality for inclusion in further processed eggs are often diverted to further processing. A study was conducted to characterize the microbiological populations present on and in these eggs. On a single day, restricted eggs were collected from three shell egg processing plants a total of three times (replicates). Six shells or egg contents were combined to create a pool. Ten pools of shells and contents were formed for each plant per replicate. Shells and membranes were macerated in 60 ml of diluent. Contents were stomacher blended to form a homogeneous mixture. Total aerobic microorganisms and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated. The prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria was determined by cultural methods. Average aerobic counts were 4.3 log CFU/ml for the shells and 2.0 log CFU/ml for the contents. There were plant X replicate differences for both (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The average Enterobacteriaceae level associated with the shell was 2.4 log CFU/ml and less than 0.1 log CFU/ml for the egg contents, with 36.7% of the samples being positive. One shell sample (0.5% of total samples) was Campylobacter positive. Two shell samples (1.1% of total samples) were Salmonella positive. Twenty-one percent of samples were positive for Listeria (33 shells and 5 contents). Although current pasteurization guidelines are based on Salmonella lethality, the results of this study reiterate the need to revisit the guidelines to determine the effectiveness for other pathogenic species. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM deanajones@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2004 EP 2007 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 208XL UT WOS:000249352400001 PM 17900075 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Hinton, A Northcutt, JK Buhr, RJ Ingram, KD Smith, DP Cox, NA AF Cason, J. A. Hinton, A., Jr. Northcutt, J. K. Buhr, R. J. Ingram, K. D. Smith, D. P. Cox, N. A. TI Partitioning of external and internal bacteria carried by broiler chickens before processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; CAMPYLOBACTER; TRANSPORT; RECOVERY; PLANTS; PREVALENCE; REDUCE; WATER; CROP AB Broiler chickens from the loading dock of a commercial processing plant were sampled to determine the incidence and counts of coliforms, Escherichia coli, and pathogenic bacteria. Feathers were removed by hand from ten 6-week-old chickens from each of seven different flocks and rinsed in 400 ml of 0.1% peptone water. Heads and feet were removed and rinsed, and the picked carcass was also rinsed, each in 200 ml. The ceca, colon, and crop were aseptically removed and stomached separately in 100 ml of peptone water. Campylobacter was present in six of the seven flocks. Salmonella was isolated from 50 of the 70 carcasses, with at least 2 positive carcasses in each flock, and five-tube most-probable-number (MPN) assays were performed on positive samples. Significantly (P < 0.05) more coliforms and E. coli were found in the ceca than in the feathers, which in turn carried more than the other samples, but total external and internal counts were roughly equivalent. Counts of Campylobacter were higher in the ceca and colon than in the other samples. Salmonella was isolated in external samples from 46 of the 50 positive carcasses compared with 26 positive internal samples or 17 positives in the ceca alone. The total MPN of Salmonella was approximately equivalent in all samples, indicating that contamination was distributed through all external and internal sampling locations. Salmonella-positive samples did not carry higher counts of coliforms or E. coli, and there were no significant correlations between the indicators and pathogens in any sample. Campylobacter numbers in the ceca were correlated with Campylobacter numbers in the feathers and colon, but Salmonella numbers in those samples were not correlated. The pattern of bacterial contamination before processing is complex and highly variable. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM john.cason@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2056 EP 2062 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 208XL UT WOS:000249352400008 PM 17900082 ER PT J AU Tian, P Engelbrektson, AL Jiang, X Zhong, WM Mandrelli, RE AF Tian, Peng Engelbrektson, Anna L. Jiang, Xi Zhong, Weiming Mandrelli, Robert E. TI Norovirus recognizes histo-blood group antigens on gastrointestinal cells of clams, mussels, and oysters: A possible mechanism of bioaccumulation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; NORWALK-VIRUS; RT-PCR; SHELLFISH; GASTROENTERITIS; BINDS; OUTBREAK; ABO AB Outbreaks of norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis are often associated with the consumption of' contaminated bivalves such as oysters, clams, and mussels. Crassostrea virginica oysters trap the Norwalk virus through the intestinal type A-like histo-blood group antigen (HBGA), a possible mechanism of bioaccumulation responsible for NoV outbreaks. In this study, we tested binding and inhibition of binding in three species of oysters and one species each of clams and mussels with. NoVs, representing four HBGA receptor-binding patterns. Our results indicated that all three oyster species expressed type A- and type O-like HBGA in their gastrointestinal tissue. Similar type A-like antigens also were found in mussels and clams, but only some of them express the O-like antigens. Both genogroups I and II recombinant norovirus-like particles (rNoVLPs) bound to gastrointestinal homogenates from oysters, mussels, and clams, and the binding was inhibited by preincubation of the rNoVLP with HBGA-specific monoclonal antibodies or with types A or O HBGA-positive human saliva. Co-localization of rNoVLPs and HBGA on gastrointestinal epithelial cells of oysters, mussels, and clams was also observed by immunofluorescent microscopy. Finally, the binding of rNoVLP to oyster gastrointestinal homogenates was inhibited by incubation with HBGA analogs. This study significantly expands our understanding that multiple HBGAs are expressed in oyster, mussel, and clam gastrointestinal tissues, which could be the major mechanism of bioaccumulation of NoVs by these bivalves. Our results also suggest that this bioaccumulation could be reversed by incubation with HBGA analogs, a possible important new strategy for depuration. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Childrens Hosp, Coll Med, Med Ctr,Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ptian@pw.usda.gov RI Engelbrektson, Anna/K-5563-2012; Engelbrektson, Anna/F-1687-2013 NR 21 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2140 EP 2147 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 208XL UT WOS:000249352400020 PM 17900094 ER PT J AU Gharst, G Clare, DA Davis, JP Sanders, TH AF Gharst, G. Clare, D. A. Davis, J. P. Sanders, T. H. TI The effect of transglutaminase crosslinking on the rheological characteristics of heated peanut flour dispersions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amidated pectin; peanut flour; peanut proteins; rheology; transglutaminase ID AND/OR SALT CONCENTRATION; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; PROTEIN ISOLATE; WHEY PROTEINS; SOLUBILITY; GELS; POLYSACCHARIDES; DIGESTIBILITY AB Peanut flour (PF) Is-a high-protein Ingredient prepared after the partial extraction of oil from roasted peanut seed. Microbial transglutaminase (TGase) catalyzes protein crosslinking via acyl-transfer reaction, result- ing in the modification of functional properties such as viscosity, gelation, solubility, and water holding capacity. This work was conducted to observe changes in rheological properties of PF dispersions in the presence and the absence of TGase and amidated pectin (AP). Dispersions were characterized across a range of conditions, including controlled heating and cooling rates under both large- and small-strain deformations. Gelation occurred at temper- atures above 78 degrees C using PF dispersions treated with TGase compared to untreated dispersions devoid of the enzyme (about 68 degrees C). The addition of AP (0.5%) resulted in a general increase in viscoelasticity for all dispersions. AP addi- tion also minimized the shift in gel point temperature caused by TGase polymerization reactions. High-molecular- weight polymers were formed in TGase-treated PF dispersions in both the presence and the absence of AP; however polymer formation was more rapid in PF dispersions wilthout AP. Ortho-phthaldialdehyde assays indicated about 40% protein coupling in PF dispersions treated with TGase compared to about 20% in those containing both AP and TGase. Collectively, these data suggest potential applications of TGase-treated PF dispersions, both in the presence and the absence of AP, for use in peanut-base food products, including protein bars, shakes, and value-added baked goods. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim.sanders@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 72 IS 7 BP C369 EP C375 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00442.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 211AO UT WOS:000249496900005 PM 17995634 ER PT J AU Hwang, CA Tamplin, ML AF Hwang, C.-A. Tamplin, M. L. TI Modeling the lag phase and growth rate of listeria monocytogenes in ground ham containing sodium lactate and sodium diacetate at various storage temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cooked ham; diacetate; growth rate; lactate; leg phage; Listeria monocytogenes ID POTASSIUM LACTATE; VACUUM PACKAGES; MEAT-PRODUCTS; PORK BOLOGNA; COMBINED ANTIMICROBIALS; ENHANCED INHIBITION; EXTENDED STORAGE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; 4-DEGREES-C; FRANKFURTERS AB Refrigerated ready-to-eat (RTE) meats contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes were implicated in several listeriosis outbreaks. Lactate and diacetate have been shown to control L. monocytogenes in RTE meats. The objective of this study was to examine and model the effect of lactate (1.0% to 4.2%) and diacetate (0.05% to 0.2%) in ground ham on the lag phase duration (LPD, h) and growth rate (GR, log CFU/h) of L. monocytogenes at a range of temperatures (0 to 45 degrees C). A 6-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated into ground ham containing lactate and diacetate, and stored at various temperatures. The LPD and GR of L. monocytogenes in ham as affected by lactate, diacetate, and storage temperature were analyzed and accurately represented with mathematical equations. Resulting LPD and GR equations for storage temperatures within the range of 0 to 36 degrees C significantly represented the experimental data with a regression coefficient of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Significant factors (P < 0.05) that affected the LPD were temperature, lactate, diacetate, and the interactions of all three, whereas only temperature and the interactions between temperature and lactate and diacetate had a significant effect on GR. At suboptimal growth temperatures (<= 12 degrees C) the increase of lactate and diacetate concentrations, individually or in combination, extended the LPD. The effect of higher concentrations of both additives on reducing the GR was observed only at temperatures that were more suitable for growth of L. monocytogenes, that is, 15 to 35 degrees C. These data may be used to assist in determining concentrations of lactate and diacetate in cooked ham products to control the growth of L. monocytogenes over a wide range of temperatures during manufacturing, distribution, and storage. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Hwang, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Andy.Hwang@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 72 IS 7 BP M246 EP M253 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00443.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 211AO UT WOS:000249496900019 PM 17995648 ER PT J AU Perez-Diaz, IM Kelling, RE Hale, S Breidt, F McFeeters, RF AF Perez-Diaz, I. M. Kelling, R. E. Hale, S. Breidt, F. McFeeters, R. F. TI Lactobacilli and tartrazine as causative a agents of red-color spoilage in cucumber pickle products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE azo dye; benzoic acid; FD&C yello nr 5; Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus paracasei ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; CHEDDAR CHEESE; IDENTIFICATION; GROWTH AB The cucumber pickling industry has sporadically experienced spoilage outbreaks in pickled cucumber products characterized by development of red color on the surface of the fruits. Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei were isolated from 2 outbreaks of this spoilage that occured about 15 y apart during the last 3 decades. Both organisms were shown to produce this spoilage when inoculated into pickled cucumbers while concomitantly degrading the azo dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow nr 5). This food dye is used as a yellow coloring in the brine cover solutions of commercial pickled cucumber products. The red color does not occur in the absence of tartrazine, nor when turmeric is used as a yellow coloring in the pickles. Addition of sodium benzoate to the brine cover solutions of a pickled cucumber product, more specifically hamburger dill pickles, prevented growth of these lactic acid bacterial and the development of the red spoilage. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Ilenys.Perez-Diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 72 IS 7 BP M240 EP M245 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00460.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 211AO UT WOS:000249496900018 PM 17995647 ER PT J AU Jetti, RR Yang, E Kurnianta, A Finn, C Qian, MC AF Jetti, R. R. Yang, E. Kurnianta, A. Finn, C. Qian, M. C. TI Quantification of selected aroma-active compounds in strawberries by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography and correlation with sensory descriptive analysis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE odor activity value; quantification; SPME; strawberry ID CV SENGA SENGANA; CULTIVATED STRAWBERRIES; WILD STRAWBERRIES; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRAGARIA-VESCA; FLAVOR; COMPONENTS; 2,5-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)-FURANONE; VARIETIES AB Selected aroma-active compounds in strawberries were quantified using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography. Ten strawberry cultivars grown in California and Oregon were studied. The standard curves were built in a synthetic matrix and quantification was achieved using multiple internal standards. Odor activity values (OAVs) of the aroma compounds were calculated to understand thier contribution to the overall aroma. Althought the concentrations of the aroma compounds varied depending on the cultivars, in general, ethyl butanoate, mesifurane, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, hexyl acetate and gamma-dodecalactone had the highest OAVs. Descriptive sensory analysis was performed by a trained panel of 10 members. A PCA plot was built to understand the aroma contribution of principal components. The chemical results were compared with sensory data. The OAV of esters correlated well with the floral, pineapple, and banana notes. The green notes did not correlate with the concentration or OAVs of aldehydes or C6 alcohols. It is assumed that the higher amounts of green, sulfur, musty, and waxy notes in some cultivars were due to lack of fruity notes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Jetti, RR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Michael.qian@oregonstate.edu NR 36 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 72 IS 7 BP S487 EP S496 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00445.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 211AO UT WOS:000249496900032 PM 17995662 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Fellers, GM Lind, AJ AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Fellers, Gary M. Lind, Amy J. TI Amphibian populations in the terrestrial environment: Is there evidence of declines of terrestrial forest amphibians in northwestern California? SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS; HABITAT DESTRUCTION; HUMAN IMPACTS; HYPOTHESES; EXTINCTION; SITE AB Amphibian declines have been documented worldwide; however the vast majority are species associated with aquatic habitats. Information on the status and trends of terrestrial amphibians is almost entirely lacking. Here we use data collected across a 12-yr period (sampling from 1984-86 and from 1993-95) to address the question of whether evidence exists for declines among terrestrial amphibians in northwestern California forests. The majority of amphibians, both species and relative numbers, in these forests are direct-developing salamanders of the family Plethodontidae. We examined amphibian richness and evenness, and the relative abundances of the four most common species of plethodontid salamanders. We examined evidence of differences between years in two ecological provinces (coastal and interior) and across young, mature, and late seral forests and with reference to a moisture gradient from xeric to hydric within late seral forests. We found evidence of declines in species richness across years on late seral mesic stands and in the coastal ecological province, but these differences appeared to be caused by differences in the detection of rarer species, rather than evidence of an overall pattern. We also found differences among specific years in numbers of individuals of the most abundant species, Ensatina eschscholtzii, but these differences also failed to reflect a consistent pattern of declines between the two decadal sample periods. Results showing differences in richness, evenness, and relative abundances along both the seral and moisture continua were consistent with previous research. Overall, we found no compelling evidence of a downward trend in terrestrial plethodontid salamanders. We believe that continued monitoring of terrestrial salamander populations is important to understanding mechanisms of population declines in amphibian species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us; gary_fellers@usgs.gov; alind@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[469:APITTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 212SN UT WOS:000249617200015 ER PT J AU Bi, G Scagel, CF Fuchigami, LH Regan, RP AF Bi, G., I Scagel, C. F. Fuchigami, L. H. Regan, R. P. TI Rate of nitrogen application during the growing season alters the response of container-grown rhododendron and azalea to foliar application of urea in the Autumn SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPRING GROWTH; CITRUS TREES; PLANT-GROWTH; APPLE-TREES; REMOBILIZATION; SEEDLINGS; EVERGREEN; LEAVES; FERTILIZATION; FERRUGINEUM AB One-year-old rhododendron (Rhododendron 'H-1 PJ.M') and azalea (Rhododendron 'Cannon's Double') plants grown at different nitrogen (N) fertilisation rates were used to assess the influence of soil N applications during the growing season, and foliar applications of urea in the Autumn, on N uptake and accumulation, and plant growth in the following Spring. N uptake efficiency declined linearly during the first growing season with an increasing rate of N fertilisation. For both cultivars, foliar urea application in the Autumn significantly increased plant N content without affecting plant size, regardless of plant N status. Leaves of rhododendron accumulated more N than other plant structures. Plants sprayed with foliar urea in the Autumn had more new growth the following Spring than plants receiving no urea, regardless of whether the plants received fertiliser in the Spring. For azalea, N uptake in the Spring was, in general, not affected by applications of urea during the previous year. For rhododendron, urea application in the Autumn decreased N uptake the following Spring. For both cultivars, increasing N availability during the growing season increased the ratio of above-ground to below-ground dry weight. Our results suggest that combining optimum N applications during the growing season with foliar application of urea in the Autumn can improve N uptake efficiency, increase N storage, and optimise growth in Rhododendron. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, CO 97002 USA. RP Bi, G (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. EM gb250@msstate.edu NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 82 IS 5 BP 753 EP 763 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 225AK UT WOS:000250489300013 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB Yermiyahu, U AF Kinraide, Thomas B. Yermiyahu, Uri TI A scale of metal ion binding strengths correlating with ionic charge, Pauling electronegativity, toxicity, and other physiological effects SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Keele Meeting on Aluminium CY FEB 24-28, 2007 CL Yucatan, MEXICO DE aluminum; cell wall; electrical potential; plasma membrane; zeta (zeta) potential ID SURFACE ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; CELL-WALL; RELATIVE TOXICITY; HEAVY-METALS; WHEAT ROOT; ALUMINUM; ZINC; RHIZOTOXICITY; TOLERANCE AB Equilibrium constants for binding to plant plasma membranes have been reported for several metal ions, based upon adsorption studies and zeta-potential measurements. Log K values for the ions are these: Al3+, 4.30; La3+, 3.34; Cu2+, 2.60; Ca2+ and Mg2+, 1.48; Na+ and K+, 0 M-1. These values correlate well with logK values for ion binding to many organic and inorganic ligands. LogK values for metal ion binding to 12 ligands were normalized and averaged to produce a scale for the binding of 49 ions. The scale correlates well with 2 the values presented above (R-2 = 0.998) and with ion binding to cell walls and other biomass. The scale is closely related to the charge (Z) and Pauling electronegativity (PE) of 48 ions (all but Hg2+); R-2 = 0.969 for the equation (Scale values) = -1.68 + Z(1.22 + 0.444PE). Minimum rhizotoxicity of metal ions appears to be determined by binding strengths: loga(PM,M) = 1.60 - 2.41 exp[0.238(Scale values)] determines the value of ion activities at the plasma membrane surface (a(PM,M)) that will ensure inhibition of root elongation. Additional toxicity appears to be related to softness, accounting for the great toxicity of Ag+, for example. These binding-strength values correlate with additional physiological effects and are suitable for the computation of cell-surface electrical potentials. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. ARO, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 Negev, Israel. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.kinraide@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 BP 1201 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.06.003 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 217RY UT WOS:000249966200004 PM 17643492 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Kennelly, SS AF Shelly, Todd E. Kennelly, Susan S. TI Settlement patterns of mediterranean fruit flies in the tree canopy: An experimental analysis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Ceratitis capitata; lek; sexual signaling; territory ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA LOEW; MATING SUCCESS; DROSOPHILA-SILVESTRIS; LEK BEHAVIOR; FLY DIPTERA; HOST TREE; BODY SIZE; TEPHRITIDAE; LEKKING AB Males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (medfly), defend individual leaves of host and non-host trees as mating territories and attract females via production of a sex pheromone (a behavior termed 'calling'). Males tend to aggregate within the tree canopy, and the present study examined the influence of (1) location and (2) resources on female visitation to male aggregations. Males were placed in screen-covered containers, which were suspended on field-caged trees at two locations selected to differ in only one of the following parameters: height above ground (low versus high), leaf density (sparse versus dense), distance to main trunk (canopy edge versus center), proximity to a food source (bird feces absent or present), and proximity to a host fruit (oranges absent or present). Females were released, and we periodically recorded the number of calling males in each of the test aggregations as well as the number of females sighted within 15 cm of each male aggregation. Male calling did not differ between treatments in any of the experiments. However, females were more frequently sighted near males calling (1) in dense foliage, (2) near the central trunk, (3) near bird feces, and (4) near oranges. In an additional experiment, we compared male settlement (in the absence of females) on leaves in the same sites used previously to determine the degree of congruence between the sexes in microhabitat use. Aside from the lack of center-edge effect, males displayed the same settlement patterns as females. In a final experiment, we found no effect of male calling on the distribution of other males: released males were sighted with equal frequency near cups containing mature, calling males and cups containing immature, non-calling males. Medfly lek behavior is discussed in light of these findings. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki Str, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 453 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s10905-007-9091-2 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 207PK UT WOS:000249262900003 ER PT J AU Li, YX Greenberg, SM Liu, TX AF Li, Y.-X. Greenberg, S. M. Liu, T.-X. TI Orientation behavior, development and survival of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae on cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab and conventional cotton SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Trichoplusia ni; orientation behavior; development; Bollgard II cotton ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PROTEIN; INSECT RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC COTTON; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CABBAGE-LOOPER; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR AB This study was conducted to determine the effects of Bt cotton leaves (Bollgard II), non-Bt cotton leaves, and a mixture of Bt+non-Bt cotton leaves on larval orientation behavior, survival and development of Trichoplusia ni in the laboratory. Results indicate that in a no-choice test, more first and fifth instars remained on Bt leaves than the third instars. All larvae that remained on the leaves gradually moved to leaf edge. In the choice between a Bt and a non-Bt leaf, more first instars moved to non-Bt leaves, whereas the third and fifth instars did not show significant difference in the first 8 h, but eventually more moved to non-Bt leaves. More first instars fed non-Bt leaves than third instars and fifth instars. When larvae fed Bt leaves, 100% of first instars, 92.7% of third instars and 51.1% of fifth instars died in 108 h. Once larvae pupated, > 90% developed to adults. First and third instars that fed Bt leaves developed slower but their pupae developed faster than those on Bt+non-Bt leaves, whereas fifth instars developed similar on the three types of leaves. First and third instars that fed Bt+non-Bt leaves resulted in less heavy pupae than those fed non-Bt leaves; whereas the fifth instars that survived on Bt leaves produced lighter pupae. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Vegetable IPM Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Entomol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, PMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Vegetable IPM Lab, 2415 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu NR 47 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 473 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s10905-007-9093-0 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 207PK UT WOS:000249262900004 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Strong, CA Oi, DH Porter, SD Pereira, RM Meer, RKV Hashimoto, Y Hooper-Bui, LM Sanchez-Arroyo, H Davis, T Karpakakunjaram, V Vail, KM Graham, LCF Briano, JA Calcaterra, LA Gilbert, LE Ward, R Ward, K Oliver, JB Taniguchi, G Thompson, DC AF Valles, Steven M. Strong, Charles A. Oi, David H. Porter, Sanford D. Pereira, Roberto M. Meer, Robert K. Vander Hashimoto, Yoshifumi Hooper-Bui, Linda M. Sanchez-Arroyo, Hussein Davis, Tim Karpakakunjaram, Vedham Vail, Karen M. Graham, L. C. Fudd Briano, Juan A. Calcaterra, Luis A. Gilbert, Lawrence E. Ward, Rufina Ward, Kenneth Oliver, Jason B. Taniguchi, Glenn Thompson, David C. TI Phenology, distribution, and host specificity of Solenopsis invicta virus-1 SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solenopsis invicta; dicistroviridae; RNA virus; host specificity ID PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; FIRE ANTS; HONEY BEE; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PREVALENCE; SEQUENCE AB Studies were conducted to examine the phenology, geographic distribution, and host specificity of the Solenopsis invicta virus-1 (SINV- 1). Two genotypes examined, SINV- I and -1 A, exhibited similar seasonal prevalence patterns. Infection rates among colonies of S. invicta in Gainesville, Florida, were lowest from early winter (December) to early spring (April) increasing rapidly in late spring (May) and remaining high through August before declining again in the fall (September/October). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between mean monthly temperature and SINV-1 (p < 0.0005, r=0.82) and SINV-1A (p < 0.0001, r=0.86) infection rates in S. invicta colonies. SINV-1 was widely distributed among S. invicta populations. The virus was detected in S. invicta from Argentina and from all U. S. states examined, with the exception of New Mexico. SINV- I and -1 A were also detected in other Solenopsis species. SINV1 was detected in Solenopsis richteri and the S. invictalrichteri hybrid collected from northern Alabama and Solenopsis geminata from Florida. SINV- I A was detected in S. geminata and Solenopsis carolinensis in Florida and the S. invictalrichteri hybrid in Alabama. Of the 1989 arthropods collected from 6 pitfall trap experiments from Gainesville and Williston, Florida, none except S. invicta tested positive for SINV-1 or SINV- I A. SINV- I did not appear to infect or replicate within Sf9 or Dm-2 cells in vitro. The number of SINV- I genome copies did not significantly increase over the course of the experiment, nor were any cytopathic effects observed. Phylogenetic analyses of SINV-1/-1A nucleotide sequences indicated significant divergence between viruses collected from Argentina and the U.S. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst Fitosanidad, Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Texcoco, Mexico. Sandhills Res & Educ Ctr, Columbia, SC 29224 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Div Agr Sci & Nat Resources, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Fire Ant Management Program, Pesticide Safety Educ Program, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1559 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Univ Texas, Sch Biol Sci, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, TSU Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.006 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204QC UT WOS:000249058100003 PM 17412359 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Walton, VM AF Bruck, Denny J. Walton, Vaughn M. TI Susceptibility of the filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana, Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) and filbert weevil (Curculio occidentalis, Coleoptera : Curculionidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic nematodes; hazelnuts; biological control ID NAVEL ORANGEWORM LEPIDOPTERA; AMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; HETERORHABDITIDAE; PERSISTENCE; PISTACHIOS; RHABDITIDA; STRAWBERRY; VIRULENCE; PYRALIDAE AB The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the two primary direct insect pests of hazelnuts in Oregon to three species of entomopathogenic nematodes. The entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis marelatus Pt. Reyes, Steinernema carpocapsae All and Steinernema kraussei L137) were used in laboratory soil bioassays to determine their virulence against filbertworm, Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and filbert weevil, Curculio occidentalis (Casey) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). All three nematode species were infective in laboratory bioassays. Infectivity ranged from 73-100%) and 23-85%, for filbertworm and filbert weevil, respectively. Field results were similar to those found in the laboratory with filbertworm larvae being more susceptible to nematode infection. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM bruckd@onid.orst.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.012 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204QC UT WOS:000249058100012 PM 17434523 ER PT J AU Meetani, MA Shin, YS Zhang, SF Mayer, R Basile, F AF Meetani, Mohammed A. Shin, Yong-Seung Zhang, Shaofeng Mayer, Richard Basile, Franco TI Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of intact bacteria SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE desorption electrospray ionization; bacteria; biodetection; principal components analysis; biomarkers ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; WHOLE BACTERIA; FATTY-ACIDS; MICROORGANISMS; DIFFERENTIATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CELLS AB Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to differentiate seven bacteria species on the basis of their measured DESI-mass spectral profile. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were tested and included Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus, Enterococcus sp., Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium. Distinct DESI-mass spectra, in the mass range of 50-500 u, were obtained from whole bacteria in either positive or negative ion modes in less than 2 mins analysis time. Positive ion DESI-mass spectral fingerprints were compared using principal components analysis (PCA) to investigate reproducibility for the intraday and the day-to-day measurements and the method selectivity to differentiate the bacteria studied. Detailed study of variances in the assay revealed that a large contribution to the DESI-mass spectral fingerprint variation was the growth media preparation procedure. Specifically, experiments conducted with the growth media prepared using the same batch yielded highly reproducible DESI-mass spectra, both in intraday and in day-to-day analyses (i.e. one batch of growth media used over a 3-day period versus a new batch every day over the same 3-day period). Conclusions are drawn from our findings in terms of strategies for rapid biodetection with DESI-MS. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. United Arab Emirates Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. Univ Wyoming, USDA, ARS, Athropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Basile, F (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, 1000 E,Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM basile@uwyo.edu RI AlMeetani, Mohammed/C-3051-2009 OI AlMeetani, Mohammed/0000-0002-9133-2451 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R15 RR020354-01A1] NR 43 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-5174 EI 1096-9888 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1186 EP 1193 DI 10.1002/jms.1250 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 210NN UT WOS:000249463000006 PM 17628040 ER PT J AU Taylor, DB Berkebile, DR Scholl, PJ AF Taylor, David B. Berkebile, Dennis R. Scholl, Philip J. TI Stable fly population dynamics in eastern Nebraska in relation to climatic variables SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stomoxys; climate; population model ID STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS L; FLIES DIPTERA; STICKY TRAPS; HOUSE-FLIES; MUSCIDAE; ASSOCIATIONS; ABUNDANCE; DAIRIES; BALES; HAY AB Stable flies, Stomoxyscalcitrans (L.), are among the most economically important arthropod pests of livestock in North America. In this study, we monitored the seasonal dynamics of a stable fly population in eastern Nebraska for 5 yr. Models based upon temperature and precipitation were developed to determine the affects of these variables on population levels as well as to project population trends. Stable flies appear in eastern Nebraska in late March to early April, and they build to a peak population during the last week of June and first week of July. In most years, the population decreases in midsummer, and then it increases to a second peak in mid-September. Temperature 0 to 2 A before collection and precipitation 3 to 6 wk before collection were the most important weather variables accounting for 63 and 11% of the variation, respectively. Temperature 7 wk before collection was also significant, accounting for 3% of the variation. Reduced precipitation levels explained the observed midsummer drop in the stable fly populations. Changes in stable fly population levels were positively correlated with precipitation 1 to 2 wk prior and temperature the week of the change. Population change was negatively correlated with precipitation 6-8 A prior mid temperature 6-15 wk prior. The addition of the previous weeks trap collections to the climate based model eliminated the significance of temperature 2 and 7 A before collection. Temperature 0-1 wk before collection accounted for 60% of the variation, precipitation 3 to 6 wk prior 12% of the variation, and the previous weeks' trap collections accounted for 11% of the variation. Low temperatures during October through January were correlated with higher stable fly populations the following June and July. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Taylor, DB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dtaylor1@unl.edu RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 765 EP 771 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[765:SFPDIE]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 206JF UT WOS:000249179000006 PM 17915506 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, S King, DJ Afonso, C Swayne, D Cardona, CJ Kuney, DR Gerry, AC AF Chakrabarti, Seemanti King, Daniel J. Afonso, Claudio Swayne, David Cardona, Carol J. Kuney, Douglas R. Gerry, Alec C. TI Detection and isolation of exotic newcastle disease virus from field-collected flies SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flies; Newcastle disease virus; poultry; chickens; mechanical vector ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; CHICKENS; CALIFORNIA; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENCE; OUTBREAK; INSECTS AB Flies were collected by sweep net from the vicinity of two small groups of "backyard" poultry (10-20 chickens per group) that had been identified as infected with exotic Newcastle disease virus (family Paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus, ENDV) in Los Angeles County, CA, during the 2002-2003 END outbreak. Collected flies were subdivided into pools and homogenized in brain-heart infusion broth with antibiotics. The separated supernatant was tested for the presence of ENDV by inoculation into embryonated chicken eggs. Exotic Newcastle disease virus was isolated from pools of Phaenicia cuprina (Wiedemann), Fannia canicularis (L.), and Musca domestica L., and it was identified by hemagglutination inhibition with Newcastle disease virus antiserum. Viral concentration in positive pools was low (< 1 egg infectious dose,0 per fly). Isolated virus demonstrated identical monoclonal antibody binding profiles as well as 99% sequence homology in the 635-bp fusion gene sequence compared with ENDV recovered from infected commercial egg layer poultry during the 2002 outbreak. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gerry, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM alee.gerry@ucr.edu NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 840 EP 844 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[840:DAIOEN]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 206JF UT WOS:000249179000017 PM 17915517 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Rentaria, JAE Martinez, HQ George, JE AF Miller, Robert J. Rentaria, Jesus A. Esparza Martinez, Humberto Quiroz George, John E. TI Characterization of permethrin-resistant Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) collected from the state of coahuila, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; pesticide resistance; southern cattle tick; acaricide; permethrin ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COUMAPHOS; CATTLE AB Southern cattle ticks, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), collected in Coahuila, Mexico, were determined to be resistant to permethrin. Discriminating concentration (DC) tests at the LC99 and 2X the LC99 of susceptible ticks produced 0 and 0.5% mortality, respectively, for permethrin. However, measured mortalities for coumaphos and amitraz acaricides were within the expected ranges. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of this strain detected a 99% frequency of homozygous resistant individuals in this strain. C1 USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Entomol Lab, Leon, Spain. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base, Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM robert.miller@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 895 EP 897 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[895:COPBMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 206JF UT WOS:000249179000023 PM 17915523 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M AF Mazzola, Mark TI Manipulation of rhizosphere bacterial communities to induce suppressive soils SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE suppressive soils; biological control; replant disease; rhizobacteria ID NAPUS SEED MEAL; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; PATHOGEN INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; ALL DECLINE SOILS; PYTHIUM ROOT-ROT; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; TAKE-ALL AB Naturally occurring disease-suppressive soils have been documented in a variety of cropping systems, and in many instances the biological attributes contributing to suppressiveness have been identified. While these studies have often yielded an understanding of operative mechanisms leading to the suppressive state, significant difficulty has been realized in the transfer of this knowledge into achieving effective field-level disease control. Early efforts focused on the inundative application of individual or mixtures of microbial strains recovered from these systems and known to function in specific soil suppressiveness. However, the introduction of biological agents into non-native soil ecosystems typically yielded inconsistent levels of disease control. Of late, greater emphasis has been placed on manipulation of the cropping system to manage resident beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms as a means to suppress soilborne plant pathogens. One such strategy is the cropping of specific plant species or genotypes or the application of soil amendments with the goal of selectively enhancing disease-suppressive rizobacteria communities. This approach has been utilized in a system attempting to employ biological elements resident to orchard ecosystems as a means to control the biologically complex phenomenon termed apple replant disease. Cropping of wheat in apple orchard soils prior to re-planting the site to apple provided control of the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-5. Disease control was elicited in a wheat cultivar-specific manner and functioned through transformation of the fluorescent pseudomonad population colonizing the rhizosphere of apple. Wheat cultivars that induced disease suppression enhanced populations of specific fluorescent pseudomonad genotypes with antagonistic activity toward R. solani AG-5, but cultivars that did not elicit a disease-suppressive soil did not modify the antagonistic capacity of this bacteria] community. Alternatively, brassicaceae seed meal amendments were utilized to develop soil suppressiveness toward R. solani. Suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot in response to seed meal amendment required the activity of the resident soil microbiota and was associated with elevated populations of Streptomyces spp. recovered from the apple rizosphere. Application of individual Streptomyces spp. to soil systems provided control of R. solani to a level and in a manner equivalent to that obtained with the seed meal amendment. These and other examples suggest that management of resident plant-beneficial rhizobacteria may be a viable method for control of specific soilborne plant pathogens. C1 [Mazzola, Mark] USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 30 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 249AK UT WOS:000252198700002 PM 19259490 ER PT J AU Delgado-Lista, J Perez-Jimenez, F Tanaka, T Pablo, PM Jimenez-Gomez, Y Marin, C Ruano, J Parnell, L Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J AF Delgado-Lista, Javier Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Tanaka, Toshiko Pablo, Perez-Martinez Jimenez-Gomez, Yolanda Marin, Carmen Ruano, Juan Parnell, Laurence Ordovas, Jose Maria Lopez-Miranda, Jose TI An apolipoprotein A-II polymorphism (-265T/C, rs5082) regulates postprandial response to a saturated fat overload in healthy men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PROMOTER -219G/T POLYMORPHISM; HEPATIC LIPASE GENE; TRANSGENIC MICE; DIETARY-FAT; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; EXON-1 VARIANT; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; LDL-CHOLESTEROL; ESTER TRANSFER AB Apolipoprotein (Apo) A-II is an apolipoprotein with an unknown role in lipid metabolism. It has been suggested that the presence of the less frequent allele of a single nucleotide polymorphism (Apo A-II-265T/C, rs5082) reduces the transcription rate of Apo A-II and enhances VLDL postprandial clearance in middle-aged men. To further investigate the role of Apo A-II -265T/C on lipid metabolism, we studied 88 normolipidemic young men. The participants were given a fatty meal containing 1 g fat and 7 mg cholesterol/kg weight and capsules containing 60,000 IU vitamin A (retinyl palmitate, 15.15 mg RE) per square meter body surface area. Postprandial ipemia was assessed during the 11 h following the meal. Total cholesterol (Chol) and triacylglycerols (TG) in plasma and TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL) (large TRL and small TRL) were measured, as well as HDL, Apo A-I, Apo B, Apo B-48, and Apo B-100. Postprandial responses were higher in the TT group than in carriers of the minor allele (CC/TC) for total TG in plasma (21.37% of change of area under curve, P = 0.014), large TRLTG (24.75% change, P = 0.017) and small TRL-Chol (26.63% change, P = 0.003). Our work shows that carriers of the minor allele for Apo A-II -265T/C (CC/TC) have a lower postprandial response compared with TT homozygotes. This finding may partially explain the role of Apo A-II in lipid metabolism and can identify a population with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, as corresponds to the lower level of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. C1 Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Cordoba, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ciber Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, E-14004 Madrid, Spain. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lopez-Miranda, J (reprint author), Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Cordoba, Spain. EM jlopezmir@uco.es OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ruano, Juan/0000-0002-0286-4107; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 137 IS 9 BP 2024 EP 2028 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 205JU UT WOS:000249110600006 PM 17709437 ER PT J AU van den Donk, M Pellis, L Crott, JW van Engeland, M Friederich, P Nagengast, FM van Bergeijk, JD de Boer, SY Mason, JB Kok, FJ Keijer, J Kampman, E AF van den Donk, Maureen Pellis, Linette Crott, Jimmy W. van Engeland, Marion Friederich, Pieter Nagengast, Fokko M. van Bergeijk, Jeroen D. de Boer, Sybrand Y. Mason, Joel B. Kok, Frans J. Keijer, Jaap Kampman, Ellen TI Does not favorably influence uracil incorporation and promoter methylation folic acid and vitamin b-12 supplementation in rectal mucosa DNA of subjects with previous colorectal adenomas SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY-FOLATE; COLON-CANCER; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; C677T POLYMORPHISM; VASCULAR-DISEASE; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; COMMON MUTATION; BREAST-CANCER AB Adequate folate availability is necessary to sustain normal DNA synthesis and normal patterns of DNA methylation and these features of DNA can be modified by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype. This study investigated the effect of MTHFR C677T genotype and daily supplementation with 5 mg folic acid and 1.25 mg vitamin B-1 2 on uracil misincorporation into DNA and promoter methylation. Subjects (n = 86) with a history of colorectal adenoma and MTHFR CC or TT genotype were randomly assigned to receive folic acid plus vitamin B-1 2 or placebo for 6 mo. Uracil misincorporation and promoter methylation of 6 tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes were assessed in DNA from rectal biopsies at baseline and after the intervention. The biomarkers did not differ between the treated group and the placebo group after 6 mo compared with baseline. T e uracil concentration of DNA increased in the treated group (5.37 fmol/mu g DNA, P = 0.02), whereas it did not change in the placebo group (P= 0.42). The change from baseline of 4.01 fmol uracil/mu g DNA tended to differ between the groups (P= 0.16). An increase in promoter methylation tended to occur more often in the intervention group than in the placebo group (OR = 1.67, P = 0.08). This study suggests that supplementation with high doses of folic acid and vitamin B-1 2 may not favorably influence uracil incorporation and promoter methylation in subjects with previous colorectal adenomas. Because such alterations may potentially increase the risk of neoplastic transformation, more research is needed to fully define the consequences of these molecular alterations. C1 Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands. RIKILT Inst Food Safety, Food Bioact Grp, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcnogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02478 USA. Univ Maastricht, Res Inst GROW, Dept Pathol, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Gelderse Vallei Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, NL-6710 HN Ede, Netherlands. Slingeland Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, NL-7000 AD Doetinchem, Netherlands. RP Kampman, E (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands. EM ellen.kampman@wur.nl RI van Engeland, Manon/A-7479-2009; Kampman, E./H-8057-2014 OI van Engeland, Manon/0000-0002-7952-6843; FU NCI NIH HHS [K05 CA100048, U54 CA100971] NR 50 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 137 IS 9 BP 2114 EP 2120 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 205JU UT WOS:000249110600020 PM 17709451 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Ellis, KJ AF Abrams, Steven A. Griffin, Ian J. Hawthorne, Keli M. Ellis, Kenneth J. TI Effect of prebiotic supplementation and calcium intake on body mass index SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL PEPTIDES; INULIN; OLIGOFRUCTOSE; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; WEIGHT; SATIETY; FAT AB Objective To assess the effects of a prebiotic supplement and usual calcium intake on body composition changes during pubertal growth. Study design We measured anthropometry and body fat with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 97 young adolescents who were randomized to receive either a daily prebiotic supplement or maltodextrin (control) for 1 year. Results Subjects who received the prebiotic supplement had a smaller increase in body mass index (BMI) compared with the control group (BMI difference 0.52 +/- 0.16 kg/m(2), P = .016), BMI Z-score (difference 0.13 +/- 0.06, P = .048) and total fat mass (difference 0.84 +/- 0.36 kg, P =.022). The prebiotic group maintained their baseline BMI Z-score (0.03 +/- 0.01, paired t test, P = .30), although BMI Z-score increased significantly in the control group (0.13 0.03, P < .001). In considering subjects whose usual calcium intake was >= 700 mg/d, those who received the prebiotic supplement had a relative change in BMI that was 0.82 kg/m(2) less than control subjects (P < .01), and BMI Z-score that was 0.20 less than control subjects (P = .003). Differences tended to be maintained 1 year after supplementation was stopped. Conclusion Prebiotic supplementation and avoidance of a low calcium intake can have significant effects in modulating BMI and other body composition changes during puberty. C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR43708]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK56338] NR 18 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 151 IS 3 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.03.043 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 210FT UT WOS:000249442800020 PM 17719942 ER PT J AU Fravel, DR Moravec, BC Bailey, BA AF Fravel, D. R. Moravec, B. C. Bailey, B. A. TI Identification and regulation of genes from a biocontrol strain of Fusarium oxysporum SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium wilt; Fusarium oxysporum; ABC transporter; thiram; real-time quantitative PCR ID PATHOGEN MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; NATURAL TOXIC COMPOUNDS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; FUNGICIDES; WHEAT; CS-20; WILT AB Differential display with three time points revealed that thiram altered expression of numerous genes in the biocontrol fungus Fusarium oxysporum CS-20. Of the 101 bands purified from the differential display gel, 86 were successfully cloned, and 64 sequenced. Based on nucleic acid sequences, homology to known products was found using BLASTn for 26 sequences and homology to hypothetical proteins was found for six sequences, also from Gibberella zeae. One band (BM1 24-1) showed homology to an ABC transporter from three different fungi. Because of its association with detoxification functions, the ABC transporter was selected for further study. Mycelia of CS-20 were exposed to 25 mu g active ingredient (a.i.) thiram in liquid culture for various times from 0 to 8 h. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate gene expression. At 30 min after treatment with thiram, the ABC transporter was upregulated 20- to 25-fold relative to the control treatment. The ABC transporter was upregulated 15-fold at I It after treatment and 10-fold at 2 h. At 8 h after treatment, there was no difference between treated and non-treated for expression of the ABC transporter. Transcription of the gene encoding EST BM1 24-1 is induced in response to thiram treatment and may function in providing resistance in F. oxysporum isolate CS-20 to fungicides and other toxins. Tolerance to toxins may be critical to the successful inclusion of CS-20 in disease control strategies in cropping systems. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab & Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fravel, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab & Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fraveld@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 155 IS 9 BP 526 EP 530 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01271.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 207RA UT WOS:000249267600003 ER PT J AU Carter, TE Burton, JW Fountain, MO Rzewnicki, PE Villagarcia, MR Bowman, DT AF Carter, T. E., Jr. Burton, J. W. Fountain, M. O. Rzewnicki, P. E. Villagarcia, M. R. Bowman, D. T. TI Registration of 'N7002' Soybean SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRAITS C1 [Carter, T. E., Jr.; Burton, J. W.; Fountain, M. O.; Rzewnicki, P. E.; Villagarcia, M. R.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Bowman, D. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carter, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM tommy_carter@ncsu.edu FU United Soybean Board [N7002] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the United Soybean Board in the development of N7002. We greatly appreciate the dedicated assistance of the following USDA-ARS support personnel who assisted with the development and field testing of this cultivar: Austin Hodges, Jim Nelson, and Earl Huie. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 93 EP 94 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0830crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000002 ER PT J AU Mebrahtu, T Devine, TE Donald, PA Abney, TS AF Mebrahtu, T. Devine, T. E. Donald, P. A. Abney, T. S. TI Registration of 'Owens' Vegetable Soybean SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Mebrahtu, T.] Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. [Devine, T. E.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Donald, P. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Abney, T. S.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dep Bot & Plant Pathol, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mebrahtu, T (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, POB 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. EM tmebraht@vsu.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 95 EP 96 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.09.0570crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000003 ER PT J AU Matthews, BF MacDonald, MH Song, QJ Cregan, PB Lewers, KS AF Matthews, B. F. MacDonald, M. H. Song, Q. J. Cregan, P. B. Lewers, K. S. TI Registration of 'MiniMax' Soybean SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Matthews, B. F.; MacDonald, M. H.; Song, Q. J.; Cregan, P. B.; Lewers, K. S.] USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Matthews, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ben.matthews@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 97 EP 98 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.10.0653crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000004 ER PT J AU Leroy, AR Abney, TS AF LeRoy, A. R. Abney, T. S. TI Registration of 'CL0J173-6-2' and 'CL0J173-6-8' Soybeans SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [LeRoy, A. R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Abney, T. S.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dep Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Leroy, AR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dep Agron, Lilly Hall,915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM leroya@purdue.edu FU Indiana Soybean Board [03-281, 04-291, 05-303] FX The authors thank the Indiana Soybean Board for financial support in the development of these germplasm lines through funding from ISB Projects 03-281, 04-291, and 05-303. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 98 EP 99 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.09.0580crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000005 ER PT J AU Carver, BF Hunger, RM Edwards, JT Porter, DR Peeper, TF Seabourn, BW Rayas-Duarte, P Klatt, AR Martin, BC AF Carver, B. F. Hunger, R. M. Edwards, J. T. Porter, D. R. Peeper, T. F. Seabourn, B. W. Rayas-Duarte, P. Klatt, A. R. Martin, B. C. TI Registration of 'Okfield' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Carver, B. F.; Edwards, J. T.; Peeper, T. F.; Klatt, A. R.; Martin, B. C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Hunger, R. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Porter, D. R.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Seabourn, B. W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Rayas-Duarte, P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Carver, BF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM brett.carver@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation; Oklahoma Wheat Commission [OKLO1426]; BASF, Inc FX Okfield was developed with partial financial support from the Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation, the Oklahoma Wheat Commission, state project OKLO1426, and BASF, Inc. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 102 EP 103 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.03.0132crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000008 ER PT J AU Jones, SS Lyon, SR Balow, KA Gollnick, MA Murphy, KM Murray, TD Chen, XM Garland-Campbell, K Burns, JW Schillinger, WF Reisenauer, PE Goates, BJ AF Jones, S. S. Lyon, S. R. Balow, K. A. Gollnick, M. A. Murphy, K. M. Murray, T. D. Chen, X. -M. Garland-Campbell, K. Burns, J. W. Schillinger, W. F. Reisenauer, P. E. Goates, B. J. TI Registration of 'MDM' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Jones, S. S.; Lyon, S. R.; Balow, K. A.; Gollnick, M. A.; Murphy, K. M.; Burns, J. W.; Schillinger, W. F.; Reisenauer, P. E.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Murray, T. D.] Washington State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. -M.; Garland-Campbell, K.] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Goates, B. J.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Jones, SS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM joness@wsu.edu RI Murphy, Kevin/E-8682-2010 OI Murphy, Kevin/0000-0001-8982-3641 FU Washington Wheat Commission; Washington State Agricultural Research Center FX We greatly appreciate the following personnel who assisted with field testing and quality assessment during the development of this variety: J. Kuehner (WSU), T. Harris (WSU), D. Nash (Montana State Univ.), and the Western Wheat Quality Lab (USDA-ARS). We also thank the Washington Wheat Commission and the Washington State Agricultural Research Center for providing funding for this research. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 104 EP 106 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.01.0019crc PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000009 ER PT J AU McPhee, KE Chen, CC Wichman, DM Muehlbauer, FJ AF McPhee, K. E. Chen, C. C. Wichman, D. M. Muehlbauer, F. J. TI Registration of 'Windham' Winter Feed Pea SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [McPhee, K. E.; Muehlbauer, F. J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, C. C.; Wichman, D. M.] Montana State Univ, Cent Agr Res Ctr, Moccasin, MT 59462 USA. RP McPhee, KE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kmcphee@wsu.edu NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 117 EP 118 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0828crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000017 ER PT J AU McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ AF McPhee, K. E. Muehlbauer, F. J. TI Registration of 'Specter' Winter Feed Pea SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [McPhee, K. E.; Muehlbauer, F. J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McPhee, KE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kmcphee@mail.wsu.edu NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 118 EP 119 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0826crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000018 ER PT J AU Holbrook, CC Culbreath, AK AF Holbrook, C. Corley Culbreath, Albert K. TI Registration of 'Tifrunner' Peanut SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Holbrook, C. Corley] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Culbreath, Albert K.] Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dep Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Holbrook, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Corley.Holbrook@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 20 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 124 EP 124 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.09.0575crc PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000023 ER PT J AU Riday, H Brummer, EC AF Riday, H. Brummer, E. C. TI Registration of Two Improved Yellow-Flowered Alfalfa Germplasms SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Riday, H.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brummer, E. C.] Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM riday@wisc.edu RI Riday, Heathcliffe/C-6091-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 131 EP 133 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.11.0692crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000028 ER PT J AU Durling, JC Leif, JW Burgdorf, DW AF Durling, J. C. Leif, J. W. Burgdorf, D. W. TI Registration of Southlow Michigan Little Bluestern Germplasm SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Durling, J. C.; Leif, J. W.; Burgdorf, D. W.] Rose Lake Plant Mat Ctr, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Durling, JC (reprint author), Rose Lake Plant Mat Ctr, USDA, 7472 Stoll Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM john.durling@mi.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 134 EP 134 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.11.0722crg PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000029 ER PT J AU Mornhinweg, DW Bregitzer, PP Porter, DR AF Mornhinweg, D. W. Bregitzer, P. P. Porter, D. R. TI Registration of Seventeen Spring Two-Rowed Barley Germplasm Lines Resistant to Russian Wheat Aphid SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Mornhinweg, D. W.; Porter, D. R.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Bregitzer, P. P.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Mornhinweg, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Do.Mornhinweg@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 135 EP 136 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0814crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000030 ER PT J AU Mornhinweg, DW Bregitzer, PP Porter, DR AF Mornhinweg, D. W. Bregitzer, P. P. Porter, D. R. TI Registration of Nineteen Spring Six-Rowed Barley Germplasm Lines Resistant to Russian Wheat Aphid SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Mornhinweg, D. W.; Porter, D. R.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Bregitzer, P. P.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Mornhinweg, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Do.Mornhinweg@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0815crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000031 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Raboy, V AF Bregitzer, P. Raboy, V. TI Registration of Four Low-Phytate/Wild Type Pairs of Barley Germplasms SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Bregitzer, P.; Raboy, V.] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM pbregit@uidaho.edu NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 139 EP 140 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.02.0070crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000032 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Obert, DE Wesenberg, DM AF Bregitzer, P. Obert, D. E. Wesenberg, D. M. TI Registration of 95SR316A Stripe Rust-Resistant Two-Rowed Barley Germplasm SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Bregitzer, P.; Obert, D. E.; Wesenberg, D. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM pbregit@uidaho.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.02.0069crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000033 ER PT J AU Creech, RG Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Hayes, R Creech, JB Haire, D Cantrell, R AF Creech, Roy G. Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C. Hayes, Russell Creech, John B. Haire, Dan Cantrell, Roy TI Registration of MS-01RKN, MS-24RKN, MS-30RKN, MS-33RKN, MS-35RKN, and MS-37RKN Cotton Germplasm Lines with Resistance to Root-Knot Nematode SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C.; Hayes, Russell] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Creech, Roy G.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Creech, John B.] Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Stoneville, MS USA. [Haire, Dan] Mississippi State Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dep, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cantrell, Roy] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jnjenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.11.0752crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000036 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE Willmot, DB Flint-Garcia, SA Darrah, LL AF Hibbard, B. E. Willmot, D. B. Flint-Garcia, S. A. Darrah, L. L. TI Registration of the Maize Germplasm CRW3(S1)C6 with Resistance to Western Corn Rootworm SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Hibbard, B. E.; Flint-Garcia, S. A.; Darrah, L. L.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Willmot, D. B.] Agilent Technol, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. RP Flint-Garcia, SA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM flint-garcias@missouri.edu NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 151 EP 152 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0774crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000039 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Widstrom, NW Lee, RD Coy, AE Lynch, RE AF Guo, B. Z. Widstrom, N. W. Lee, R. D. Coy, A. E. Lynch, R. E. TI Registration of Maize Germplasm GT601 (AM-1) and GT602 (AM-2) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Guo, B. Z.; Widstrom, N. W.; Lynch, R. E.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Lee, R. D.; Coy, A. E.] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Baozhu.Guo@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0767crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000040 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN Beaty, BA Bryant, RJ AF Rutger, J. N. Beaty, B. A. Bryant, R. J. TI Registration of Four Early Flowering Indica Germplasms of Rice SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Rutger, J. N.; Beaty, B. A.; Bryant, R. J.] USDA ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jnrutger@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 154 EP 156 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.11.0715crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000041 ER PT J AU Fasoula, VA Boerma, HR Yates, JL Walker, DR Finnerty, SL Rowan, GB Wood, ED AF Fasoula, Vasilia A. Boerma, H. Roger Yates, Jennifer L. Walker, David R. Finnerty, Steven L. Rowan, Gina B. Wood, E. Dale TI Registration of Five Soybean Germplasm Lines Selected within the Cultivar 'Benning' Differing in Seed and Agronomic Traits SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Fasoula, Vasilia A.; Boerma, H. Roger; Yates, Jennifer L.; Rowan, Gina B.; Wood, E. Dale] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Finnerty, Steven L.] Univ Georgia, Dep Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Walker, David R.] USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Boerma, HR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rboerma@uga.edu NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 156 EP 157 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.03.0198crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000042 ER PT J AU Fasoula, VA Boerma, HR Yates, JL Walker, DR Finnerty, SL Rowan, GB Wood, ED AF Fasoula, Vasilia A. Boerma, H. Roger Yates, Jennifer L. Walker, David R. Finnerty, Steven L. Rowan, Gina B. Wood, E. Dale TI Registration of Seven Soybean Germplasm Lines Selected within the Cultivar 'Cook' Differing in Seed and Agronomic Traits SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Fasoula, Vasilia A.; Boerma, H. Roger; Yates, Jennifer L.; Rowan, Gina B.; Wood, E. Dale] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Finnerty, Steven L.] Univ Georgia, Dep Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Walker, David R.] USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Boerma, HR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rboerma@uga.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 158 EP 159 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.03.0199crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000043 ER PT J AU Fasoula, VA Boerma, HR Yates, JL Walker, DR Finnerty, SL Rowan, GB Wood, ED AF Fasoula, Vasilia A. Boerma, H. Roger Yates, Jennifer L. Walker, David R. Finnerty, Steven L. Rowan, Gina B. Wood, E. Dale TI Registration of Six Soybean Germplasm Lines Selected within the Cultivar 'Haskell' Differing in Seed and Agronomic Traits SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Fasoula, Vasilia A.; Boerma, H. Roger; Yates, Jennifer L.; Rowan, Gina B.; Wood, E. Dale] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Finnerty, Steven L.] Univ Georgia, Dep Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Walker, David R.] USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Boerma, HR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rboerma@uga.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 160 EP 161 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.03.0200crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000044 ER PT J AU Shannon, JG Novitzky, WP Sleper, DA Burton, JW Chappell, AS Anand, SC AF Shannon, J. G. Novitzky, W. P. Sleper, D. A. Burton, J. W. Chappell, A. S. Anand, S. C. TI Registration of S01-9364 and S01-9391 Soybean Germplasm Resistant to Soybean Cyst Nematode with Seed Oil Low in Linolenic Acid SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Shannon, J. G.] Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Anand, S. C.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr 271 F, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Chappell, A. S.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Novitzky, W. P.; Burton, J. W.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shannon, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM shannong@missouri.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 164 EP 165 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.07.0454crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000046 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, R. T. TI Registration of CN927-202, CN926-11-3-22, and CN921-306 Sugarbeet Cyst Nematode Resistant Sugarbeet Lines SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rlewellen@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0785crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000048 ER PT J AU Porter, DR Baker, CA Carver, BF Marais, GF AF Porter, D. R. Baker, C. A. Carver, B. F. Marais, G. F. TI Registration of STARS 0601W Wheat Germplasm SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Porter, D. R.; Baker, C. A.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Carver, B. F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Marais, G. F.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dep Genet, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. RP Porter, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM david.r.porter@okstate.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 170 EP 171 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.11.0730crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000049 ER PT J AU Li, YC Rutger, JN AF Li, Y. C. Rutger, J. N. TI Registration of Two Tetraploid Rice Genetic Stocks SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Rutger, J. N.] ARS, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Li, Y. C.] S China Inst Bot, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jnrutger@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0756crgs PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V06BL UT WOS:000207169000051 ER PT J AU Griebel, RL AF Griebel, Randall L. TI Factors influencing burrowing owl reproductive performance in contiguous shortgrass prairie SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burrowing owl; Athene cunicularia; prairie dog; Cynomys ludovicianus; Buffalo gap; Peeper video; probe; reproductive performance ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; NUTRIENT RESERVES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; CONATA BASIN; CLUTCH SIZE; SUCCESS; BIOENERGETICS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; OREGON AB We analyzed Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) reproductive performance (i.e., clutch size, brood size, and number of young fledged) in relation to nest and colony factors in Buffalo Gap National Grassland, South Dakota. We monitored 129 pairs of Burrowing Owls in 43 prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in 1999 and 143 pairs in 45 colonies in 2000. Mean clutch size was 7.2 and ranged from 3-10 eggs. Pairs averaged 2.6 fledglings per nesting attempt and 76% of the nesting pairs were successful in fledging at least one young. Abandonment appeared to be the primary cause of nest failures. Variables measured at the colony level explained more (34-70%) of the variability in reproductive performance than did variables measured at the nest level (7-33%). In general, Burrowing Owls that arrived early, initiated clutches sooner, and either nested at greater distances from nearest neighbors or had fewer owl nests within 250 m of the nest burrow, had larger clutches, larger broods, and more fledglings. Seventy percent of prairie dog colonies were occupied by owls; most (85%) unoccupied colonies were < 10 ha in size. Larger prairie dog colonies supported greater numbers of owl nests and consequently produced more total fledglings than did smaller colonies (P < 0.001). C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Griebel, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Buffalo Gap Natl Grassland, Wall Ranger Dist, PO Box 425, Wall, SD 57790 USA. EM rgriebel@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 26 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[212:FIBORP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 220IS UT WOS:000250151000003 ER PT J AU Castaneda-Sceppa, C Sarnak, MJ Wang, XL Greene, T Madero, M Kusek, JW Beck, G Kopple, JD Levey, AS Menon, V AF Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Sarnak, Mark J. Wang, Xuelei Greene, Tom Madero, Magdalena Kusek, John W. Beck, Gerald Kopple, Joel D. Levey, Andrew S. Menon, Vandana TI Role of adipose tissue in determining muscle mass in patients with chronic kidney disease SO JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; ALL-CAUSE; ADIPONECTIN; MALNUTRITION; INFLAMMATION AB Objective: Malnutrition is a powerful predictor of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its etiology is unclear. We hypothesized that the adipocyte-derived proteins leptin and adiponectin, inflammation (as measured by C-reactive protein, CRP), and insulin resistance (as measured by homeostasis model assessment, HOMA), implicated in the malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome commonly seen in maintenance dialysis patients, would be associated with the loss of muscle mass in earlier stages of CKD. Arm muscle area was used as an indicator of muscle mass. Patients and Setting: The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study cohort of people with CKD stages 3 and 4 was used for analysis (N = 780). Main Outcome Measures: Regression models were carried out to examine the relationships of leptin, adiponectin, CRP, and HOMA with arm muscle area (the main study outcome). Results: Arm muscle area was 39 +/- 15 cm(2) (mean +/- SD), and adiponectin levels were 13 +/- 7 mu g/mL. Median and interquartile range (IQR) concentrations were: 9.0 (13.6) ng/mL for leptin, 2.3 (4.9) mg/L for CRP, and 2.4 (2.0) for HOMA. Higher leptin (beta coefficient and 95% confidence interval, -6.9 [-8.7 to -5.1], P < .001) and higher CRP (beta coefficient and 95% confidence interval, -2.7 [-3.9 to -1.4], P < .001) were associated with lower arm muscle area. There was a trend toward lower arm muscle area with higher adiponectin (P = .07), but no association with HOMA (P = .80). Conclusion: Leptin and CRP were associated with lower muscle mass in subjects with CKD at stages 3 and 4. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations, and to develop targeted interventions for this patient population. (C) 2007 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufs New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Utah, Div Clin Epidemiol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. Harbor Univ Calif, Los Angeles Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Castaneda-Sceppa, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM cvsceppa@comcast.net FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK 35073, K23 DK67303, U01 DK035073, K23 DK067303-05, K23 DK067303, U01 DK035073-14] NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1051-2276 J9 J RENAL NUTR JI J. Renal Nutr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 314 EP 322 DI 10.1053/j.jrn.2007.05.006 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Urology & Nephrology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Urology & Nephrology GA 213SW UT WOS:000249688400004 PM 17720100 ER PT J AU Lee, J Garrett, WM Cooper, B AF Lee, Joohyun Garrett, Wesley M. Cooper, Bret TI Shotgun proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; detergents; MS/MS; MudPIT; plants ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; PERFORMANCE; ABUNDANCE; MODEL AB Two shotgun tandem MS proteomics approaches, multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) and 1-D gel-LC-MS/MS, were used to identify Arabidopsis thaliana leaf proteins. These methods utilize different protein/peptide separation strategies. Detergents not compatible with MudPIT were used with 1-D gel-LC-MS/MS to help enrich for the detection of membrane-spanning and hydrophobic proteins. By combining the data from all MudPIT and 1-D gel-LC-MS/MS experiments, 2342 nonredundant proteins spanning a broad range of molecular weights and pI values were detected. With the exception of unknown proteins, the distribution of gene ontology (GO) classifications for the detected proteins was similar to that encoded by the genome, which shows that these extraction and separation procedures are useful for a broad proteomic survey of plant cells. Unknown proteins will likely have to be targeted by using additional methods, some of which should be compatible with separation strategies taken here. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Syst Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bret.cooper@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 14 BP 2225 EP 2230 DI 10.1002/jssc.200700151 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 215HY UT WOS:000249800300008 PM 17654619 ER PT J AU Knipling, EB AF Knipling, Edward B. TI Partnering to achieve conservation goals SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Knipling, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 90A EP 92A PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500005 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Dillon, MA Sparks, RT Essah, SYC AF Delgado, Jorge A. Dillon, Merlin A. Sparks, Richard T. Essah, Samuel Y. C. TI A decade of advances in cover crops SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; PRECISION CONSERVATION; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; QUALITY; SOIL; AGROECOSYSTEMS; FERTILIZER; ROTATIONS; NLEAP; PLAIN C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, San Luis Valley Rs Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 20 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 110A EP 117A PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500010 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD Aoorman, TB Kovar, JL James, DE Burkart, MR AF Tomer, Mark D. Aoorman, Thomas B. Kovar, John L. James, David E. Burkart, Michael R. TI Improving riparian buffer performance SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 119A EP 119A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500013 ER PT J AU Feng, GL Sharratt, B AF Feng, Guanglong Sharratt, Brenton TI Predicting wind erosion and windblown dust emissions at the regional scale to guide strategic conservation targeting SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT News Item C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Feng, GL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 120A EP 120A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500014 ER PT J AU Cram, DS Baker, TT Fernald, AG Madrid, A Rummer, B AF Cram, Douglas S. Baker, Terrell T. Fernald, Alexander G. Madrid, Anthony Rummer, Bob TI Reducing the impacts of mechanical thinning in a southwestern forest SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT News Item C1 New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Cloudcroft, NM USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Operat Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. RP Cram, DS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 121A EP 121A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500015 ER PT J AU Feng, G Sharratt, B AF Feng, G. Sharratt, B. TI Scaling from field to region for wind erosion prediction using the Wind Erosion Prediction System and geographical information systems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE air quality; geographical information system (GIS); particulate matter; Soil Survey Geographic database; wind erosion; wind erodibility groups; wind erodibility index; Wind Erosion Prediction System ID COLUMBIA PLATEAU; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; WEPS; GIS AB The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) simulates soil erosion and dust emissions from agricultural soils. Due to the severe risk of wind erosion in Adams County, Washington, WEPS and ArcGIS were used to simulate soil loss and particulate matter <= 10 mu m in diameter (PM10) emissions. On a countywide basis,WEPS predicted an annual soil loss of 14,250 kg ha(-1) (6.4 tons ac(-1)) and PM10 loss of 390 kg ha(-1) (0.2 tons ac(-1)) from fields in summer fallow. Soil loss from fields in summer fallow was highest in west-central and south-central Adams County; thus, soil conservation strategies aimed at reducing wind erosion may be most effective in these parts of the county. The USDA Soil Survey Geographic database classifies Adams County into six wind erodibility groups (WEG) with soil loss increasing in severity from WEG1 to WEG6. Our assessment of soil loss using WEPS indicated that soil,loss was highest for soils designated as WEG1 and lowest for soils designated as WEG2 whereas PM10 emissions were highest for WEG4 and lowest for WEG2. This study demonstrated that wind erosion assessments and inventories can be made by scaling from field to region using WEPS and a geographic information system. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 321 EP 328 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500017 ER PT J AU Moorman, TTB Kovar, JL James, DE Burkart, MR AF Moorman, Tomer T. B. Kovar, J. L. James, D. E. Burkart, M. R. TI Spatial patterns of sediment and phosphorus in a riparian buffer in western Iowa SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural runoff; conservation practice assessment; conservation targeting; phosphorus; riparian buffer; sediment ID SCALE WATERSHED EVALUATIONS; DEEP-LOESS SOILS; SURFACE RUNOFF; NITRATE; MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION; QUALITY; GRASS; ZONES; REDUCTION AB Riparian buffers prevent sediment and phosphorus (P) from reaching streams but their accumulation in buffers is seldom measured. This study's objectives were to determine accumulations of sediment and phosphorus in a multi-species riparian buffer and characterize spatial-temp oral patterns of phosphorus in soil water and groundwater. The buffer was planted in 2000, below a steep-sloping field in row-crop production under no-tillage management in Iowa's Loess Hills. Topographic surveys were conducted in 2002, after the buffer was fully established, and again in 2005. Mapped differences in elevation showed sediment accretion was associated with concentrated flow pathways and lateral flow along the buffer-crop margin. About 32% of the buffer's outer switchgrass (Panicum virqatum L.) zone had sediment accumulations exceeding 4 cm (1.6 in), which totaled 14.5 Mg ha(-1) (over three years) contributing area, or 4.8 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (2.1 t ac(-1) yr(-1)). Among five soil plots, total phosphorus in accreted sediment varied from 7 to 55 g m(-2) (0.02 to 0.18 oz ft(-2)) totaling 9.6 kg P ha(-1) (8.5 lb P ac(-1)) contributing area. Phosphorus concentrations in soil water were greatest beneath the switchgrass, compared to the crop and the buffer's inner vegetation zones (p < 0.05). Concentrations in soil water and groundwater were also greater where sediment accumulated, presumably due to increased infiltration of runoff. Sediment and phosphorus trapping occurred despite no-tillage management on the contributing hillslope and relatively dry conditions during the study. This emphasizes the importance of installing multiple, complementary conservation practices in sensitive environments. Considering seasonal risks of runoff when selecting buffer species and anticipated runoff patterns when designing buffer areas could reduce subsurface phosphorus losses through riparian areas. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moorman, TTB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 329 EP 338 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500018 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Nusser, SM AF Singer, J. W. Nusser, S. M. TI Are cover crops being used in the US corn belt? SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation practices; cover crops; US corn belt ID RYE; PERFORMANCE; ROTATIONS; DRAINAGE; RUNOFF; SYSTEM; YIELD; SOIL; OAT AB The benefits of using cover crops are well established, but adoption in agronomic farming systems is. unknown. The objectives of this study were to. quantify cover crop use and identify factors associated with their adoption. A mail survey was sent to 3,500 farmers in the US corn belt (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Minnesota) to quantify farming practices and cover crop use. An estimated 18% of farmers have used cover crops, including 11% who planted cover crops sometime in the last five years, and 8% who planted cover crops in the fall of 2005. In the fall of 2005, farmers who used cover crops planted them on 6% of the land area for the average size farm. Logistic regression results indicated that crop diversity in a farm operation was the most consistent and important factor related to the use of cover crops. Corn belt farmers believe that cover crops are most effective at reducing soil erosion (96%) and increasing soil organic matter (74%). Approximately 56% of farmers indicated that they would plant cover crops if cost-sharing was available. The mean minimum payment required as an incentive to plant cover crops would be approximately $56.81 ha(-1) ($23 ac(-1)). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 32 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500021 ER PT J AU Cram, DS Baker, TT Fernald, AG Madrid, A Rummer, B AF Cram, D. S. Baker, T. T. Fernald, A. G. Madrid, A. Rummer, B. TI Mechanical thinning impacts on runoff, infiltration, and sediment yield following fuel reduction treatments in a southwestern dry mixed conifer forest SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erosion; mechanical thinning; rainfall siniulation; wildfire risk ID WATER YIELD AB Increasing densities of small diameter trees have changed ecological processes and negatively impacted conservation of soil and water resources in western forests. Thinning treatments are commonplace to reduce stein density and potential fire hazard. We evaluated the impacts of using a specialized heavy piece of equipment to reduce fuel loads Oil intermediate and steep, slopes on surface, disturbance, runoff, infiltration, and sediment yield in mixed conifer forests in central New Mexico. Surface disturbance following thinning was similar between slopes, but steep slopes were potentially susceptible to heavy surface disturbance (e.g., deep tire ruts). Rainfall simulations, indicated disturbance resulting in exposed bare soil, particularly on steep slopes, increased runoff and sedimentation. However, when surface disturbance was minimized, for example when litter was disturbed but not displaced, regardless of slope, runoff and sedimentation did not exceed non-disturbed sites. Advances in mechanical equipment such as forwarding beds may help reduce surface disturbance. We recommend forest managers focus on minimizing surface disturbance when preparing timber prescription guidelines and on-site priorities. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Cloudcroft, NM USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Operat Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. RP Cram, DS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 359 EP 366 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 215KF UT WOS:000249806500022 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC Urban, DL AF Goslee, Sarah C. Urban, Dean L. TI The ecodist package for dissimilarity-based analysis of ecological data SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; dissimilarity; ecodist; Mantel test; R; spatial pattern ID PARTIAL MANTEL TESTS; PERMUTATION TESTS; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; DISTANCE MATRICES; REGRESSION; AUTOCORRELATION; MODEL AB Ecologists are concerned with the relationships between species composition and environmental factors, and with spatial structure within those relationships. A dissimilarity-based framework incorporating space explicitly is an extremely flexible tool for answering these questions. The R package ecodist brings together methods for working with dissimilarities, including some not available in other R packages. We present some of the features of ecodist, particularly simple and partial Mantel tests, and make recommendations for their effective use. Although the partial Mantel test is often used to account for the effects of space, the assumption of linearity greatly reduces its effectiveness for complex spatial patterns. We introduce a modification of the Mantel correlogram designed to overcome this restriction and allow consideration of complex nonlinear structures. This extension of the method allows the use of partial multivariate correlograms and tests of relationship between variables at different spatial scales. Some of the possibilities are demonstrated using both artificial data and data from an ongoing study of plant community composition in grazinglands of the northeastern United States. C1 [Goslee, Sarah C.] USDA ARS Pasture Syst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Goslee, Sarah C.] Watershed Management Red Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Urban, Dean L.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS Pasture Syst, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Sarah.Goslee@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 625 Z9 634 U1 11 U2 97 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 252ET UT WOS:000252430100001 ER PT J AU Fu, XY Booth, SL Smith, DE AF Fu, Xueyan Booth, Sarah L. Smith, Donald E. TI Vitamin K contents of rodent diets: A review SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID TISSUE MENAQUINONE-4; LABORATORY RODENTS; RAT; PHYLLOQUINONE; METABOLISM; REQUIREMENT; LIVER; DEFICIENT; ABSORPTION; CONVERSION AB Adequate nutrient intake is critical in the maintenance of normal physiologic activity of rodents in biomedical studies. Vitamin K is an essential nutrient in rodent diets and functions as a cofactor for they-carboxylation of various proteins involved in blood coagulation and bone metabolism. Several forms of vitamin K are used in rodent diets, with a shift during the last decade towards the use of phylloquinone, the predominant form in human diets, and a concomitant increase in concentrations. This review summarizes current recommendations for vitamin K in rodent diets relative to our evolving knowledge about this fat-soluble vitamin. C1 [Fu, Xueyan; Booth, Sarah L.; Smith, Donald E.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Smith, DE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Donald.Smith@tufts.edu NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 258IV UT WOS:000252862500001 PM 17877321 ER EF