FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Vaughn, LE Holt, PS Moore, RW Gast, RK Anderson, KE AF Vaughn, L. E. Holt, P. S. Moore, R. W. Gast, R. K. Anderson, K. E. TI Crop Immune Response Post-Salmonella Enteritidis Challenge in Eight Commercial Egg-Layer Strains and Specific-Pathogen-Free White Leghorn Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Enteritidis; chicken; crop; ingluvies; mucosal immune system; gut-associated lymphoid tissue; IgA; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID ISOLATED LYMPHOID FOLLICLES; AGE BROILER-CHICKENS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; LAVAGE PROCEDURE; INFECTION; HENS; SECRETIONS; RESISTANCE; CECA AB The crop immune response against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) challenge in eight commercial egg-layer strains (five white-egg layer and three brown-egg layer) and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn (WL) hens was investigated. Pre- and post-SE challenge mucosal immune responses within the crops were evaluated. Commercial layers and SPF WL hens were orally challenged with 10(8) CFU/ml SE PT13a and SE nalR PT13, respectively. Crop lavage samples were collected at weekly intervals from day 0 (pre-challenge) to day 25-27 postinfection (PI), and bacteriological examination was performed to monitor progression of SE infection. Crop lavage samples were analyzed for SE-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific IgA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). H&E-stained slides of crop sections from day 34 PI and uninfected controls were assessed for lymphoid tissue via light microscopy. Lymphoid areas were graded based on morphology, size, and cellularity using a score 0 to 5 scale. The 0 to 5 (low to high) numerical values represented progressive increases in size and cellular density of lymphoid tissue. Bacterial culture results showed the highest percentage of SE-positive crop lavage samples from all hen groups at day 5-6 PI and day 11-12 PI. A progressive decline in percentage of SE-positive crop lavage samples did occur as time PI lengthened; however, at day 25-27 PI SE persisted in crop lavage samples from SPF WL hens and three commercial white-egg layer strains. A marked increase in SE-LPS-specific IgA was measured in crop lavage samples between day 0 and day 11-12 PI for all hen groups. Crop SE-LPS-specific IgA response remained elevated above day 0 baseline for the duration of the experiment. Well-defined score 3 to 5 lymphoid tissue aggregates were observed in crop tissue sections harvested at day 34 PI. Comparison of crop sections determined a 1.2-4.0 times increase in ratio of lymphoid tissue in day 34 PI SE-challenged hens vs. uninfected control hens. C1 [Vaughn, L. E.; Holt, P. S.; Moore, R. W.; Gast, R. K.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Vaughn, L. E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Pete.Holt@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1637/7982-040907-Reg PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NG UT WOS:000260907700014 PM 18459301 ER PT J AU Leigh, SA Evans, JD Branton, SL Collier, SD AF Leigh, S. A. Evans, J. D. Branton, S. L. Collier, S. D. TI The Effects of Increasing Sodium Chloride Concentration on Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine Survival in Solution SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; phosphate-buffered saline; FVAX-MG (R); Mycovac-L (R) ID CELL-VOLUME REGULATION; STRAIN AB Lyophilized Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccines are generally rehydrated and diluted with distilled or chlorine-free water as per manufacturer recommendations. However, as mycoplasma species lack a cell wall, this can lead to decreased viability of live vaccine during administration. The ability of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to prevent losses in live vaccine viability was examined. It was shown that a concentration of 1 X PBS prevented the two-fourfold decrease in MG viability seen when the vaccines were diluted with water alone. C1 [Leigh, S. A.; Evans, J. D.; Branton, S. L.; Collier, S. D.] USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Leigh, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM sleigh@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 136 EP 138 DI 10.1637/7979-040507-ResNote PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NG UT WOS:000260907700023 PM 18459310 ER PT J AU Vicente, JL Torres-Rodriguez, A Higgins, SE Pixley, C Tellez, G Donoghue, AM Hargis, BM AF Vicente, Jose L. Torres-Rodriguez, Alberto Higgins, Stacy E. Pixley, Christopher Tellez, Guillermo Donoghue, Annie M. Hargis, Billy M. TI Effect of a Selected Lactobacillus spp.-Based Probiotic on Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis-Infected Broiler Chicks SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chick; probiotic; Salmonella; Lactobacillus ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION CULTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COLONIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB The effect of a Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic ( FM-B11 (TM)) on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ( SE) recovery was evaluated in liquid ( Expt. 1) and lyophilized ( Expt. 2) forms in two separate experiments with two trials each. For each trial, 80 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two treatments: control and probiotic culture. All chicks were challenged with SE (similar to 10(4) colony-forming units [ cfu]) upon arrival at our laboratory. In both experiments, probiotic culture was administered in the drinking water for 3 consecutive days at a final concentration of approximately 10(6) cfu/ml, beginning 1 hr after SE challenge. Cecal tonsils were aseptically removed at 24 and 72 hr postchallenge, followed by enrichment and plating on xylose lactose deoxycholate ( XLD) agar for the presence or absence of Salmonella-typical colonies. In Expt. 1, a significant reduction ( P<0.05) in SE-positive samples was observed in both trials at 24 and 72 hr postchallenge. Additionally, in Expt. 2, the lyophilized probiotic decreased ( P<0.05) SE recovery at both 24 and 72 hr postchallenge compared with the control group in trial 1. In trial 2, SE evaluation was performed only at 72 hr after challenge and fewer ( P<0.001) treated samples were positive for SE. Results showed that application of either liquid or lyophilized probiotic culture in the drinking water for 3 consecutive days can help to reduce SE recovery from young birds, although further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of this response. C1 [Vicente, Jose L.; Torres-Rodriguez, Alberto; Higgins, Stacy E.; Pixley, Christopher; Tellez, Guillermo; Hargis, Billy M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Poultry Hlth Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, Annie M.] USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Poultry Hlth Lab, 1260 W Maple St,POSC 0-114, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM bhargis@uark.edu NR 23 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1637/7847-011107-ResNote PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NG UT WOS:000260907700025 PM 18459312 ER PT J AU Tabatabai, LB AF Tabatabai, Louisa B. TI Identification of Pasteurella multocida CHAPS-Soluble Outer Membrane Proteins SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Pasteurella multocida; outer-membrane protein; proteome; cross-protective protein fraction ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; FOWL CHOLERA; IN-VITRO; HEME; RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGENICITY; EXPRESSION; COMPLEXES; VIRULENCE AB Fowl cholera continues to be of concern to the poultry industry, especially for turkey growers. This disease costs the turkey industry millions of dollars annually. In order to develop improved live attenuated vaccines or subunit vaccines, the outer-membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida were examined with the use of proteomics. Of the 11 proteins total present in an outer-membrane subfraction of P. multocida, four additional proteins were identified, completing the composition of the detergent-soluble cross-protective protein fraction. These additional four proteins include protective bacterial surface antigen, OMA87 (Accession no. 15603857); heme-hemopexin receptor, HemR (Accession no. 15602441); lactate permease, LctP (Accession no. 15603717); and heptosyl transferase F, RfaF (Accession no. 15603709). Both the Oma87 and the HemR proteins would be of interest for subunit and modified live vaccine studies, respectively, because of their purported roles as virulence factors for P. multocida. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tabatabai, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Louisa.Tabatabai@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 147 EP 149 DI 10.1637/7892-012807-ResNote PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NG UT WOS:000260907700026 PM 18459313 ER PT J AU Trock, SC Gaeta, M Gonzalez, A Pederson, JC Senne, DA AF Trock, Susan C. Gaeta, Michelle Gonzalez, Annette Pederson, Janice C. Senne, Dennis A. TI Evaluation of Routine Depopulation, Cleaning, and Disinfection Procedures in the Live Bird Markets, New York SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE live bird markets; cleaning and disinfecting; avian influenza ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; SUBTYPES; PIGEONS AB During the past years surveillance for avian influenza has been conducted in the live bird markets (LBMs) in New York as well as other states along the east coast. Repeated attempts to eradicate H5 and H7 influenza from the New York markets have focused efforts on the LBMs themselves. Despite repeated mandatory market closures accompanied by cleaning and disinfecting (C/D) procedures, avian influenza virus continued to be isolated. In an effort to assess the adequacy of the C/D procedure, samples were collected in temporal proximity to the depopulation and C/D. Comparison of the pre-C/D (83% virus positive), at C/D approval (1.6% positive) and post-C/D testing (33% positive) indicate that the current procedures of C/D can be effective at eliminating these influenza viruses. However, reinfection via introduction of influenza-virus-positive birds can occur shortly after the market reopens. C1 [Trock, Susan C.] Cornell Univ, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14852 USA. [Gaeta, Michelle; Gonzalez, Annette] New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Albany, NY 12235 USA. [Pederson, Janice C.; Senne, Dennis A.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Trock, SC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14852 USA. EM susan.trock@agmkt.state.ny.us NR 7 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 160 EP 162 DI 10.1637/7980-040607-Reg PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NG UT WOS:000260907700029 PM 18459316 ER PT J AU Goptar, IA Filippova, IY Lysogorskaya, EN Oksenoit, ES Vinokurov, KS Zhuzhikov, DP Bulushova, NV Zalunin, IA Dunaevsky, YE Belozersky, MA Oppert, B Elpidina, EN AF Goptar, Irina A. Filippova, Irina Yu. Lysogorskaya, Elena N. Oksenoit, Elena S. Vinokurov, Konstantin S. Zhuzhikov, Dmitry P. Bulushova, Natalja V. Zalunin, Igor A. Dunaevsky, Yakov E. Belozersky, Mikhail A. Oppert, Brenda Elpidina, Elena N. TI Localization of post-proline cleaving peptidases in Tenebrio molitor larval midgut SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE digestive peptidase; prolyl oligopeptidase; Tenebrio molitor; serine peptidase; yellow mealworm ID PROLYL OLIGOPEPTIDASE FAMILY; BOVINE BRAIN; ENDOPEPTIDASE; SPECIFICITY; PROTEINASE; COLEOPTERA; ENZYMES; CELLS; SERUM AB Two soluble post-proline cleaving peptidase activities, PPCP1 and PPCP2, were demonstrated in Tenebrio molitor larval midgut with the substrate benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-L-proline p-nitroanilide. Both activities were serine peptidases. PPCP1 was active in acidic buffers, with maximum activity at pH 5.3, and was located mainly in the more acidic anterior midgut lumen. The dynamics of PPCP1 activity and the total activity of soluble digestive peptidases in the course of food digestion were similar, suggesting that the enzyme participates in protein digestion. PPCP2 is a nondigestive soluble tissue enzyme evenly distributed along the midgut. An increase in the activity of PPCP2 was observed in buffers of pH 5.6-8.6 and was maximal at pH 7.4. The sensitivity of PPCP2 to inhibitors and the effect of pH are similar to prolyl oligopeptidases with a cysteine residue near the substrate binding site. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Dunaevsky, Yakov E.; Belozersky, Mikhail A.; Elpidina, Elena N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Goptar, Irina A.; Filippova, Irina Yu.; Lysogorskaya, Elena N.; Oksenoit, Elena S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Vinokurov, Konstantin S.; Zhuzhikov, Dmitry P.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Bulushova, Natalja V.; Zalunin, Igor A.] Sci Res Inst Genet & Select Ind Microorganisms, Moscow 117545, Russia. [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Elpidina, EN (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM elp@belozersky.msu.ru RI Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011; Dunaevsky, Yakov/H-6105-2012; Belozersky, Mikhail/H-5714-2012; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD MAR PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 508 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.11.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 277AT UT WOS:000254185500010 PM 18067867 ER PT J AU Humphries, HC Bourgeron, PS Reynolds, KM AF Humphries, Hope C. Bourgeron, Patrick S. Reynolds, Keith M. TI Suitability for conservation as a criterion in regional conservation network selection SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation suitability; regional conservation network; knowledge base; fuzzy logic; unsuitability rating; cost scenario; conservation planning unit; vegetation cover type ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY; RESEARCH NATURAL AREAS; RESERVE SELECTION; LAND SUITABILITY; SOUTH-AFRICA; REPRESENTING BIODIVERSITY; EFFICIENT CONSERVATION; FUZZY-SET; DESIGN; MODEL AB The process of selecting candidate areas for inclusion in a regional conservation network should include not only delineating appropriate land units for selection and defining targets for representing features of interest, but also determining the suitability of land units for conservation purposes. We developed an explicit rating of conservation suitability by applying fuzzy-logic functions in a knowledge base to ecological condition and socio-economic attributes of land units in the interior Columbia River basin, USA. Suitability was converted to unsuitability to comprise a cost criterion in selecting regional conservation networks. When unsuitability was the sole cost criterion or was combined with land area as cost, only about one-third of the area selected was rated suitable, due to inclusion of unsuitable land to achieve representation of conservation targets (vegetation cover-type area). Selecting only from land units rated suitable produced networks that were 100% suitable, reasonably efficient, and most likely to be viable and defensible, as represented in our knowledge-based system. However, several conservation targets were not represented in these networks. The tradeoff between suitability and effectiveness in representing targets suggests that a multi-stage process should be implemented to address both attributes of candidate conservation networks. The suitability of existing conservation areas was greater than that of most alternative candidate networks, but 59% of land units containing conservation areas received a rating of unsuitable, due in part to the presence of units only partially occupied by conservation areas, in which unsuitability derived from conditions in non-conserved areas. C1 [Humphries, Hope C.; Bourgeron, Patrick S.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reynolds, Keith M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Humphries, HC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450,1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hope.humphries@colorado.edu; patrick.bourgeron@colorado.edu; kreynolds@fs.fed.us RI Reynolds, Keith/B-3327-2009; OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 467 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9245-8 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263DR UT WOS:000253198300004 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Barnett, KH Undersander, DJ AF Vadas, P. A. Barnett, K. H. Undersander, D. J. TI Economics and Energy of Ethanol Production from Alfalfa, Corn, and Switchgrass in the Upper Midwest, USA SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ethanol; Biomass; Crop systems; Alfalfa; Economics AB In the USA, biomass crop systems will be needed to meet future ethanol production goals. We estimated production costs, profits, and energy budgets for three potential crop systems for the Upper Midwest: continuous corn with stover harvest, an alfalfa-corn rotation with stover harvest, and switchgrass. Production costs, profits, and on-farm energy use were greatest for continuous corn, less for alfalfa-corn, and least for switchgrass. Energy to transport crops was similar for all crop systems. Both energy used to produce ethanol and energy output in ethanol was greatest for continuous corn, less for alfalfa-corn, and least for switchgrass. Co-product energy output was 32% greater for alfalfa-corn than continuous corn and 42% greater than switchgrass. Net energy produced (outputs-inputs) was greatest for switchgrass, followed by continuous corn, and then alfalfa-corn. Efficiency of energy production (outputs/inputs) was greatest for switchgrass, followed by alfalfa-corn, and then continuous corn. Our analysis emphasizes tradeoffs among crop systems. Corn may produce high rates of ethanol and net energy, but will do so least efficiently and with the greatest erosion and N leaching. Corn may have the greatest production costs, but return the greatest profit. Comparatively, alfalfa-corn will produce less ethanol and net energy, but will do so more efficiently, and with less erosion and little N leaching. Production costs, but also profits, may be less for alfalfa-corn than continuous corn. Switchgrass may produce the most net energy and will do so most efficiently and with the least erosion, but will also yield the least ethanol. Nitrogen leaching will be less for switchgrass than corn, but greater than alfalfa-corn. Switchgrass may be the least expensive to produce, but may return a profit only if selling prices or yields are high. C1 [Vadas, P. A.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Barnett, K. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Wausau, WI 54401 USA. [Undersander, D. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM peter.vadas@usda.ars.gov NR 53 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s12155-008-9002-1 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V12CA UT WOS:000207576100005 ER PT J AU Kim, H Ralph, J Akiyama, T AF Kim, Hoon Ralph, John Akiyama, Takuya TI Solution-state 2D NMR of Ball-milled Plant Cell Wall Gels in DMSO-d(6) SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plant cell wall; Biomass; Lignin; Polysaccharide; Gel-state 2DNMR; HMQC; HSQC; DMSO; Pine; Aspen; Kenaf; Corn AB Although finely divided ball-milled whole cell walls do not completely dissolve in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), they readily swell producing a gel. Solution-state two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of this gel, produced directly in the NMR tube, provides an interpretable structural fingerprint of the polysaccharide and lignin components of the wall without actual solubilization, and without structural modification beyond that inflicted by the ball milling and ultrasonication steps. Since the cellulose is highly crystalline and difficult to swell, the componentmay be under-represented in the spectra. The method however provides a more rapid method for comparative structural evaluation of plant cell walls than is currently available. With the new potential for chemometric analysis using the 2D NMR fingerprint, this method may find application as a secondary screen for selecting biomass lines and for optimizing biomass processing and conversion efficiencies. C1 [Kim, Hoon; Ralph, John; Akiyama, Takuya] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kim, Hoon] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jralph@wisc.edu FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Dept. of Energy, Interagency [DE-AI02-06ER64299]; National Institutes of Health [P41RR02301, P41GM66326, RR02781, RR08438]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41GM66326]; University of Wisconsin; National Science Foundation [DMB-8415048, BIR-9214394]; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We are grateful to Paul Schatz for the locust bean gum sample preparation, to Dan Yelle (U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI) for providing the aspen sample and grinding kenaf bast fiber, and to Fachuang Lu for advice on his cell wall dissolution method. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Dept. of Energy, Interagency agreement No. DE-AI02-06ER64299. This study made use of 750 and 500 MHz instruments at the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, which is supported by National Institutes of Health grants P41RR02301 (Biomedical Research Technology Program, National Center for Research Resources) and P41GM66326 (National Institute of General Medical Sciences). Equipment in the facility was purchased with funds from the University of Wisconsin, the National Institutes of Health (P41GM66326, P41RR02301, RR02781, RR08438), the National Science Foundation (DMB-8415048, BIR-9214394), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 48 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s12155-008-9004-z PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V12CA UT WOS:000207576100006 ER PT J AU Perrin, R Vogel, K Schmer, M Mitchell, R AF Perrin, Richard Vogel, Kenneth Schmer, Marty Mitchell, Rob TI Farm-Scale Production Cost of Switchgrass for Biomass SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; biomass; bioenergy; economics; ethanol AB The economic potential of cellulosic biomass from switchgrass has heretofore been evaluated using estimates of farm costs based on extrapolation from experimental data and budget estimates. The objective of the project reported here was to estimate the cost of production that would be experienced by farmers on commercial production situations. Switchgrass was produced as a biomass crop on commercial-scale fields by ten contracting farmers located from northern North Dakota to southern Nebraska. Results showed a wide range of yields and costs across the five production years and ten sites, with an overall average cost of $65.86 Mg(-1) of biomass dry matter, and annualized yield of 5.0 Mg ha(-1). The low-cost half of the producers were able to produce at an average cost of $51.95 Mg(-1)over the 5-year period. When projected to a full 10-year rotation, their cost fell further to $46.26 Mg(-1). We conclude that substantial quantities of biomass feedstock could have been produced in this region at a cost of about $50 Mg(-1) at the farm gate, which translates to about $ 0.13/l of ethanol. These results provide a more reliable benchmark for current commercial production costs as compared to other estimates, which range from $25 to $100 Mg(-1). C1 [Vogel, Kenneth; Schmer, Marty; Mitchell, Rob] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Perrin, Richard] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agr Econ, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vogel, Kenneth; Schmer, Marty; Mitchell, Rob] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, K (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 314 Biochem Hall,POB 830737, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Ken.Vogel@ars.usda.gov RI Schmer, Marty/H-3586-2011 FU US Department of Energy; Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; Nebraska Agricultural Research Division FX This work was supported by grants from the US Department of Energy, the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture, and by the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. NR 27 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s12155-008-9005-y PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V12CA UT WOS:000207576100009 ER PT J AU Siddique, I Engel, VL Parrotta, JA Lamb, D Nardoto, GB Ometto, JPHB Martinelli, LA Schmidt, S AF Siddique, Ilyas Engel, Vera Lex Parrotta, John A. Lamb, David Nardoto, Gabriela B. Ometto, Jean P. H. B. Martinelli, Luiz A. Schmidt, Susanne TI Dominance of legume trees alters nutrient relations in mixed species forest restoration plantings within seven years SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE native tree plantations; nodulating multi-purpose trees; nutrient retranslocation; soil nitrate; stand nitrogen accrual; tropical forest restoration ID EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; EASTERN AMAZONIA; ACACIA-MEARNSII; ABANDONED PASTURES; SECONDARY FOREST; NITROGEN; GROWTH; PLANTATIONS; RESORPTION; EFFICIENCY AB Failures in reforestation are often attributed to nutrient limitation for tree growth. We compared tree performance and nitrogen and phosphorus relations in adjacent mixed-species plantings of contrasting composition, established for forest restoration on Ultisol soil, originally covered by tropical semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest in Southeast Brazil. Nutrient relations of four tree species occurring in both planting mixtures were compared between a legume-dominated, species-poor direct seeding mixture of early-successional species ("legume mixture"), and a species-diverse, legume-poor mixture of all successional groups ("diverse mixture"). After 7 years, the legume mixture had 6-fold higher abundance of N(2)-fixing trees, 177% higher total tree basal area, 22% lower litter C/N, six-fold higher in situ soil resin-nitrate, and 40% lower in situ soil resin-P, compared to the diverse mixture. In the legume mixture, non-N(2)-fixing legume Schizolobium parahyba (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae) had significantly lower proportional N resorption, and both naturally regenerating non-legume trees had significantly higher leaf N concentrations, and higher proportional P resorption, than in the diverse mixture. This demonstrate forms of plastic adjustment in all three non-N(2)-fixing species to diverged nutrient relations between mixtures. By contrast, leaf nutrient relations in N(2)-fixing Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae) did not respond to planting mixtures. Rapid N accumulation in the legume mixture caused excess soil nitrification over nitrate immobilization and tighter P recycling compared with the diverse mixture. The legume mixture succeeded in accelerating tree growth and canopy closure, but may imply periods of N losses and possibly P limitation. Incorporation of species with efficient nitrate uptake and P mobilization from resistant soil pools offers potential to optimize these tradeoffs. C1 [Siddique, Ilyas; Lamb, David; Schmidt, Susanne] Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Engel, Vera Lex] Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Nat Resources, UNESP, FCA, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Parrotta, John A.] US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Nardoto, Gabriela B.; Ometto, Jean P. H. B.; Martinelli, Luiz A.] CENA, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Siddique, I (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM i.siddique@uq.edu.au RI Schmidt, Susanne/B-2780-2009; Martinelli, Luiz/F-7870-2011; Ometto, Jean/B-3351-2013; Siddique, Ilyas/C-6810-2015; Nardoto, Gabriela/J-7459-2012; Engel, Vera/B-8457-2012 OI schmidt, susanne/0000-0001-8369-1238; Martinelli, Luiz/0000-0002-7103-7551; Siddique, Ilyas/0000-0002-0519-2086; Nardoto, Gabriela/0000-0001-8062-7417; Engel, Vera/0000-0001-5806-2544 NR 41 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9196-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 306QT UT WOS:000256263600007 ER PT J AU Sin, H Beard, KH Pitt, WC AF Sin, Hans Beard, Karen H. Pitt, William C. TI An invasive frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, increases new leaf production and leaf litter decomposition rates through nutrient cycling in Hawaii SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibian; decomposition rate; Eleutherodactylus coqui; invasive; non-native; productivity; tropics ID LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; TERRESTRIAL FOOD WEBS; PUERTO-RICO; PREDATOR; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; HERBIVORY; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; WET AB A frog endemic to Puerto Rico, Eleutherodactylus coqui, invaded Hawaii in the late 1980s, where it can reach densities of 50,000 individuals ha(-1). Effects of this introduced insectivore on invertebrate communities and ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycling, are largely unknown. In two study sites on the Island of Hawaii, we studied the top-down effects of E. coqui on aerial, herbivorous, and leaf litter invertebrates; herbivory, plant growth, and leaf litter decomposition rates; and leaf litter and throughfall chemistry over 6 months. We found that E. coqui reduced all invertebrate communities at one of the two study sites. Across sites, E. coqui lowered herbivory rates, increased NH4+ P concentrations in throughfall, increased Mg, N, P, and K in decomposing leaf litter, increased new leaf production of Psidium cattleianum, and increased leaf litter decomposition rates of Metrosideros polymorpha. In summary, E. coqui effects on invertebrates differed by site, but E. coqui effects on ecosystem processes were similar across sites. Path analyses suggest that E. coqui increased the number of new P. cattleianum leaves and leaf litter decomposition rates of M. polymorpha by making nutrients more available to plants and microbes rather than through changes in the invertebrate community. Results suggest that E. coqui in Hawaii has the potential to reduce endemic invertebrates and increase nutrient cycling rates, which may confer a competitive advantage to invasive plants in an ecosystem where native species have evolved in nutrient-poor conditions. C1 [Sin, Hans; Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildlife Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Sin, Hans; Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pitt, William C.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Hilo Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Beard, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildlife Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.beard@usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 NR 44 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9133-x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263DT UT WOS:000253198500007 ER PT J AU Combs, GF Hassan, N Dellagana, N Staab, D Fischer, P Hunt, C Watts, J AF Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Hassan, Nazmul Dellagana, Nancie Staab, David Fischer, Phil Hunt, Curtiss Watts, Jennifer TI Apparent efficacy of food-based calcium supplementation in preventing rickets in Bangladesh SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rickets; calcium; vitamin D; radiography; bone; bone age ID NUTRITIONAL RICKETS; VITAMIN-D; NIGERIAN CHILDREN; DIETARY BORON; RISK; PNEUMONIA AB To determine whether increased Ca intakes can prevent rickets in a susceptible group of children living in a rickets-endemic area of Bangladesh, we conducted a 13-month long, double-blind, clinical trial with 1-to 5-year-old children who did not present with rickets but ranked in the upper decile of plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of a screening cohort of 1,749 children. A total of 158 children were randomized to a milk-powder-based dietary supplement given daily, 6 days/week, and providing either 50, 250, or 500 mg Ca, or 500 mg Ca plus multivitamins, iron, and zinc. Upon initial screening, 194 healthy children presented with no rachitic leg signs and had serum AP in the upper decile (> 260 u/dl) of the cohort. When 183 of those subjects were re-screened after a 7-month pre-trial period, 23 (12.6%) had developed rachitic leg signs, suggesting an annual risk of 21.5% in this cohort. Of those still not presenting with leg signs and completing 13 months of dietary intervention, none showed rachitic leg signs, none showed significant radiological evidence of active rickets, and all showed carpal ossification normal for age after that intervention. These results are consistent with even the lowest amount of supplemental Ca (50 mg/day) being useful in supporting normal bone development in this high-risk population. C1 [Combs, Gerald F., Jr.; Hunt, Curtiss; Watts, Jennifer] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hassan, Nazmul] Univ Dhaka, Inst Nutr & Food Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Dellagana, Nancie; Staab, David] Mem Christian Hosp, Malumghat, Coxs Bazar, Bangladesh. [Fischer, Phil] Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gerald.combs@ars.usda.gov; nhassan@bangla.net; fischer.phil@mayo.edu; curtiss.hunt@ars.usda.gov; jewatts@brockfieldzoo.org NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 EI 1559-0720 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s12011-007-8053-z PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 262DB UT WOS:000253128100001 PM 18180882 ER PT J AU Tomlinson, PJ Savin, MC Moore, PA AF Tomlinson, P. J. Savin, M. C. Moore, P. A., Jr. TI Phosphatase activities in soil after repeated untreated and alum-treated poultry litter applications SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; phosphatase; alum; manure; poultry Litter ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; PHOSPHORUS; MANURE; PHOSPHOMONOESTERASE; PERSISTENCE; COMMUNITIES; SOLUBILITY; RAINFALL AB Repeated additions of untreated and aluminum sulfate (alum)-treated poultry litter to soil affect ecology and consequent nutrient dynamics. The objective of this study was to determine how repeated annual poultry litter additions affected phosphatase activities in concert with changes in soil phosphorus (P). Field plots were amended annually since 1995 with either 2.24 or 8.96 Mg ha(-1) alum-treated (AL-1 or AL-4, respectively) or untreated poultry litter (PL-1 or PL-4, respectively) or equivalent rates by N content of ammonium nitrate (AN-1 or AN-4, respectively). Soil pH, total C (C-Tot), microbial biomass C, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA), Mehlich-III P (M3P), water-soluble P (WSP), and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured before and 10 days, 1 month, and 6 months after fertilizer applications in 2003 and 2004. M3P and acid phosphatase activities were higher in AL-4 soil than in all other treatments. Higher WSP in the untreated compared to the alum-treated litter resulted in higher WSP in the soil amended with untreated litter. At the same time, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher in PL-4 compared to AL-4. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in AN-4, the treatment with the lowest pH. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase activities expressed per unit C-Tot or dsDNA remained significantly greater in PL-4 and significantly lower in AN-4, than all other treatments. Thus, some factor beyond an increase in soil C or microbial biomass contributed to elevated alkaline phosphatase activities in PL-4, despite increased WSP in the treatment receiving the high rate of untreated litter. C1 [Tomlinson, P. J.; Savin, M. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Tomlinson, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ptomlin@uark.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.1007/s00374-007-0245-3 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 265KM UT WOS:000253357700008 ER PT J AU McLain, JET Ahmann, DM AF McLain, Jean E. T. Ahmann, Dianne M. TI Increased moisture and methanogenesis contribute to reduced methane oxidation in elevated CO2 soils SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; CH4; methanotrophy; methanogenesis ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; TEMPERATE FOREST SOILS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CONSUMPTION; FLUXES; CH4; DENITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; AMBIENT AB Awareness of global warming has stimulated research on environmental controls of soil methane (CH4) consumption and the effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on the terrestrial CH4 sink. In this study, factors impacting soil CH4 consumption were investigated using laboratory incubations of soils collected at the Free Air Carbon Transfer and Storage I site in the Duke Forest, NC, where plots have been exposed to ambient (370 mu L L-1) or elevated (ambient+200 mu L L-1) CO2 since August 1996. Over 1 year, nearly 90% of the 360 incubations showed net CH4 consumption, confirming that CH4-oxidizing (methanotrophic) bacteria were active. Soil moisture was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the 25-30 cm layer of elevated CO2 soils over the length of the study, but soil moisture was equal between CO2 treatments in shallower soils. The increased soil moisture corresponded to decreased net CH4 oxidation, as elevated CO2 soils also oxidized 70% less CH4 at the 25-30 cm depth compared to ambient CO2 soils, while CH4 consumption was equal between treatments in shallower soils. Soil moisture content predicted (p < 0.05) CH4 consumption in upper layers of ambient CO2 soils, but this relationship was not significant in elevated CO2 soils at any depth, suggesting that environmental factors in addition to moisture were influencing net CH4 oxidation under elevated CO2. More than 6% of the activity assays showed net CH4 production, and of these, 80% contained soils from elevated CO2 plots. In addition, more than 50% of the CH4-producing flasks from elevated CO2 sites contained deeper (25-30 cm) soils. These results indicate that subsurface (25 cm+) CH4 production contributes to decreased net CH4 consumption under elevated CO2 in otherwise aerobic soils. C1 [McLain, Jean E. T.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Ahmann, Dianne M.] Univ Oregon, Dept Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP McLain, JET (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM jean.mclain@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 623 EP 631 DI 10.1007/s00374-007-0246-2 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 265KM UT WOS:000253357700009 ER PT J AU Wiens, JA Hayward, GD Holthausen, RS Wisdom, MJ AF Wiens, John A. Hayward, Gregory D. Holthausen, Richard S. Wisdom, Michael J. TI Using surrogate species and groups for conservation planning and management SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation; management; species groups; surrogate species; Columbia Basin ID LAND MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; VERTEBRATES; UMBRELLA; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; FLAGSHIPS; VIABILITY; CRITIQUE; WILDLIFE AB In species management and conservation, surrogate species or groups of species can be used as proxies for broader sets of species when the number of species of concern is too great to allow each to be considered individually. However, these surrogate approaches are not applicable to all situations. In this article we discuss how the nature of the ecological system, the objectives and scale of management, and the level of available knowledge influence the decision about using a surrogate approach. We use species-area relations to define a "surrogate zone" in which the approach may be most effective. Using the Interior Columbia Basin of the northwestern United States as an example, we outline 10 steps that may enhance the effectiveness of surrogate approaches. Using a surrogate approach necessarily entails a trade-off between management tailored to individual species and less precise practices that may apply to a broader array of species. Ultimately, the use of a surrogate approach depends on the level of uncertainty that is acceptable in conducting management or conservation activities-in other words, "How good is good enough?". C1 [Wiens, John A.] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA. [Hayward, Gregory D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Holthausen, Richard S.] USDA, Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Wisdom, Michael J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Wiens, JA (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1815 N Lynn St, Arlington, VA USA. EM jwiens@tric.org NR 58 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 3 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1641/B580310 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 275KQ UT WOS:000254070700010 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Complete structure, genomic organization, and expression of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, rafinesque 1818) matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9); channel catfish (CC); Ictalurus punctatus ID MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES MMPS; GELATINASE-B; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CDNA CLONING; INFECTION; BIOLOGY; GLYCOSYLATION; PREDICTION; GRANULOMA AB In this study, the channel catfish (CC) matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene was cloned, sequenced, and characterized at both the cDNA and the genomic DNA levels. The complete sequence of the CC MMP-9 cDNA consisted of 2,551 nucleotides, including one open reading frame and 5'- and 3'-end untranslated regions. The open reading frame potentially encoded a 686-amino-acid peptide with a calculated molecular mass (without glycosylation) of approximately 77.4 kDa, which included a signal peptide and potentially heavy O-glycosylation sites. CC MMP-9 did not have the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp motif. The degree of conservation of the CC MMP-9 amino acid sequence to human and mouse counterparts was 55%, while to those of other fish species was 67-74%. The full-length CC MMP-9 genomic DNA comprised 5,663 nucleotides, much shorter than human or mouse counterparts. The exon-intron structure followed the splice acceptor/ donor consensus rule, and the sequence contained 13 exons. The MMP-9 transcript was constitutively expressed in restrictive CC tissues. This result should provide fundamental information for further exploration of the role of MMP-9 in fish pathophysiology. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA, Arg Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA, Arg Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM hung.yueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 702 EP 714 DI 10.1271/bbb.70579 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 284FW UT WOS:000254693300009 PM 18323659 ER PT J AU Cao, H Lin, R Ghosh, S Anderson, RA Urban, JF AF Cao, Heping Lin, Rui Ghosh, Sanjukta Anderson, Richard A. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI Production and characterization of ZFP36L1 antiserum against recombinant protein from Escherichia coli SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MESSENGER-RNA TURNOVER; AU-RICH ELEMENTS; TRISTETRAPROLIN FAMILY; KINASE-B; GENE; EXPRESSION; INSULIN; DESTABILIZATION AB Tristetraprolin/zinc finger protein 36 (TTP/ZFP36) family proteins are anti-inflammatory. They bind and destabilize some AU-rich element-containing mRNAs such as tumor necrosis factor mRNA. In this study, recombinant ZFP36L1/TIS 11B (a TTP homologue) was overexpressed in E. coli, purified, and used for polyclonal antibody production in rabbits. The antiserum recognized nanograms of the antigen on immunoblots. This antiserum and another antiserum developed against recombinant mouse TTP were used to detect ZFP36L1 and TTP in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. Immunoblotting showed that ZFP36L1 was stably expressed with a size corresponding to the lower mass size of ZFP36L1 expressed in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells, but TTP was induced by cinnamon extract and not by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes. In contrast, ZFP36L1 was undetectable, but TTP was strongly induced in LPS-stimulated RAW cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed the higher levels of ZFP36L1 mRNA in adipocytes and TTP mRNA in RAW cells. Low levels of ZFP36L1 expression were also confirmed by Northern blotting in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that ZFP36L1 antiserum is useful in the detection of this protein and that TTP and ZFP36L1 are differentially expressed and regulated at the mRNA and protein levels in mouse adipocytes and macrophages. C1 [Cao, Heping; Anderson, Richard A.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cao, Heping; Lin, Rui; Ghosh, Sanjukta] NIEHS, DHHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307C,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heping.cao@ars.usda.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES090080-10] NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.1021/bp070269n PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 284JU UT WOS:000254703500006 PM 18302406 ER PT J AU Palace, M Keller, M Asner, GP Hagen, S Braswell, B AF Palace, Michael Keller, Michael Asner, Gregory P. Hagen, Stephen Braswell, Bobby TI Amazon forest structure from IKONOS satellite data and the automated characterization of forest canopy properties SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Amazonia; automated algorithm; biomass; crown delineation; crown width; rain forest; tropical forest ID BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE EXPERIMENT; GROWTH CONIFER STANDS; TROPICAL FORESTS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CROWN DIAMETER; TREE CROWNS; LIDAR DATA; LAND-USE; IMAGERY; DELINEATION AB We developed an automated tree crown analysis algorithm using 1-m panchromatic IKONOS satellite images to examine forest canopy structure in the Brazilian Amazon. The algorithm was calibrated on the landscape level with tree geometry and forest stand data at the Fazenda Cauaxi (3.75 degrees S, 48.37 degrees W)in the eastern Amazon, and then compared with forest stand data at Tapajos National Forest (3-08 degrees S, 54.94 degrees W) in the central Amazon. The average remotely sensed crown width (mean +/- SE) was 12.7 +/- 0.1 m (range: 2.0-34.0 m) and frequency of trees was 76.6 trees/ha at Cauaxi. At Tapajos, remotely sensed crown width was 13.1 +/- 10.1 m (range: 2.0-38.0 m) and frequency of trees was 76.4 trees/ha. At both Cauaxi and Tapajos, the remotely sensed average crown widths were within 3 percent of the crown widths derived from field measurements, although crown distributions showed significant differences between field-measured and automated methods. We used the remote sensing algorithm to estimate crown dimensions and forest structural properties in 51 forest stands (1 km(2)) throughout the Brazilian Amazon. The estimated crown widths, tree diameters (dbh), and stem frequencies differed widely among sites, while estimated biomass was similar among most sites. Sources of observed errors included an inability to detect understory crowns and to separate adjacent, intermingled crowns. Nonetheless, our technique can serve to provide information about structural characteristics of large areas of unsurveyed forest throughout Amazonia. C1 [Palace, Michael; Keller, Michael; Hagen, Stephen; Braswell, Bobby] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Keller, Michael] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. [Keller, Michael] USP, CENA, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Palace, M (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM michael.palace@unh.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516 NR 66 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1111/J.1744-7429.2007.00353.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EI UT WOS:000254195100002 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JJ Oberbauer, SF Clark, DB Clark, DA AF O'Brien, Joseph J. Oberbauer, Steven F. Clark, David B. Clark, Deborah A. TI Phenology and stem diameter increment seasonality in a Costa Rican wet tropical forest SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE La Selva; tropical rain forest; tropical tree stem diameter increment ID LONG-TERM GROWTH; RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; TREES; PATTERNS; PERIODICITY; PLANTS; CONSEQUENCES; INDUCTION AB The relationship between phenology and tree stem diameter increment is largely unexplored in tropical species, especially in wet tropical forests. To explore links between these phenomena, we measured stem diameter increment and phenology often canopy tree species from a range of functional types in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica to test for seasonal and interannual patterns. We measured stem diameter increment using band dendrometers and visually assessed leaf and reproductive phenology monthly from 1997 to 2000. We categorized the species into groups based on patterns of leaf exchange and reproduction. Species were either deciduous with synchronous or asynchronous leaf drop, or evergreen with continuous or seasonal leaf flushing. Flowering occurred supra-annually, annually, or continuously. Of the ten species studied, four species, Cecropia insignis, Dipteryx panamensis, Lecythis ampla, and Simarouba amara, had consistent seasonal stem diameter increment patterns in both years. Dipteryx panamensis and L. ampla were deciduous with synchronized leaf drop. Cecropia insignis was evergreen and produced new leaves continuously. Simarouba amara, also evergreen, exchanged leaves over a brief period once a year. We tested whether stem diameter increment was correlated to phenology using logistic regression. Leaflessness significantly explained patterns in stem diameter increment but reproductive phenology did not. Deciduous trees were 2.6-9.3 times more likely to grow less than average the month following leaffall than in months when trees had full crowns. C1 [O'Brien, Joseph J.; Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Clark, David B.; Clark, Deborah A.] La Selva Biol Stn, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica. [Clark, Deborah A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP O'Brien, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30601 USA. EM jjobrien@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00354.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EI UT WOS:000254195100003 ER PT J AU Maunder, M Leiva, A Santiago-Valentin, E Stevenson, DW Acevedo-Rodriguez, P Meerow, AW Mejia, M Clubbe, C Francisco-Ortega, J AF Maunder, Mike Leiva, Angela Santiago-Valentin, Eugenio Stevenson, Dennis W. Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro Meerow, Alan W. Mejia, Milciades Clubbe, Colin Francisco-Ortega, Javier TI Plant conservation in the Caribbean Island biodiversity hotspot SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Evolution on the Antilles - the Molecular Perspective held at the 9th Latin American Botanical Congress CY JUN, 2006 CL Santo Domingo, DOMINICAN REP DE biodiversity hotspot; Caribbean Islands; ecosystem; plant conservation ID PHYLOGENETIC PERSPECTIVE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CYCADS; GENERA; CHLOROPLAST; RADIATION; SEQUENCES; TAXONOMY; NUCLEAR; JAMAICA AB While the Caribbean is a recognized "biodiversity hotspot", plant conservation has not received adequate attention; particularly, given the high levels of endemism in many plant groups. Besides establishing protected areas, there needs to be a sustained effort to study the taxonomy, systematics and ecology of the flora. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown high levels of endemism and conservation studies indicate a large propotion of the flora is threatened with extinction. Eight recommendations are given for plant conservation in the region. C1 [Maunder, Mike; Meerow, Alan W.; Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Maunder, Mike; Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Leiva, Angela] Jardin Bot Nacl, Havana, Cuba. [Santiago-Valentin, Eugenio] Univ Puerto Rico, Jardin Bot Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Stevenson, Dennis W.] New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Meerow, Alan W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Mejia, Milciades] Jardin Bot Nacl, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Clubbe, Colin] Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. RP Maunder, M (reprint author), Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Miami, FL 33156 USA. EM mmaunder@fairchildgarden.org NR 77 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 EI 1874-9372 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s12229-008-9007-7 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 303HX UT WOS:000256032700011 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Duke, SE Ziprin, RL Harvey, RB Hume, ME Poole, TL Scott, HM Highfield, LD Alali, WQ Andrews, K Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Beier, Ross C. Duke, Sara E. Ziprin, Richard L. Harvey, Roger B. Hume, Michael E. Poole, Toni L. Scott, H. Morgan Highfield, Linda D. Alali, Walid Q. Andrews, Kathleen Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility profiles of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) isolated from community wastewater in texas SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; disinfectants; Enterococcus faecium; susceptibility ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; CHLORHEXIDINE; BACTERIA; SWINE; GENE AB Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) from human wastewater effluents in a nonclinical semiclosed agri-food system in Texas were characterized for susceptibility to antibiotics and disinfectants. The 50 VRE were resistant to eight fluoroquinolones and 10 of 17 antimicrobials typically active against Gram-positive organisms. The VRE were susceptible to quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid. Lack of the insertion element IS1251 correlated with VRE susceptibility to streptomycin and gentamicin at p < 0.0001 and p = 0.033, respectively. An association was observed between pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes Ic and II and susceptibility to streptomycin at p = 0.0006. VRE susceptibility for nine disinfectants and five disinfectant components is shown. Ninety-two percent of the isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for triclosan >= 2 ppm. Triclosan MICs for many of the VRE were well over expected product application levels. No association was observed between antibiotic resistance and disinfectant susceptibility in these VRE. Enterococci multiply-resistant to vancomycin and aminoglycosides were found in a non-hospital environment where one would not expect to find them. C1 [Beier, Ross C.; Duke, Sara E.; Ziprin, Richard L.; Harvey, Roger B.; Hume, Michael E.; Poole, Toni L.; Andrews, Kathleen; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Scott, H. Morgan; Highfield, Linda D.; Alali, Walid Q.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Beier, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rcbeier@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 80 IS 3 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9342-0 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 274HX UT WOS:000253993500002 PM 18193143 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Guedot, C Landolt, PJ AF Horton, David R. Guedot, Christelle Landolt, Peter J. TI Attraction to volatiles of male summerform pear psylla from female pear psylla: effects of female age, mating status, and presence of host plant SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; PLANOCOCCUS-FICUS; CALIFORNIA VINEYARDS; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; DIAPAUSE; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; SEASONALITY; BEHAVIOR; SHOOTS AB Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a pest of pears, Pyrus L. (Rosaceae), throughout North America and western Europe. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that males of the overwintering form (winter morphotype) were attracted to volatile chemicals from pear shoots infested with post-diapause females. The current study shows that males of the summer morphotype also are attracted to volatiles from female-infested host material. Older females (8-10 d old) were significantly more attractive to males than younger (25 d old) females. Both virgin and mated females attracted male psylla. Volatiles from female summerforms attracted males even in the absence of host-plant material, and both living and freshly killed females were attractive. Our results indicate that female C. pyricola emit a volatile sex attractant, and the results of the studies further define the life-history conditions in female pear psylla that lead to male attraction. C1 [Horton, David R.; Guedot, Christelle; Landolt, Peter J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM david.horton@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X EI 1918-3240 J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 140 IS 2 BP 184 EP 191 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 290BP UT WOS:000255098000006 ER PT J AU Santosa, S Demonty, I Jones, PJH Lichtenstein, AH AF Santosa, Sylvia Demonty, Isabelle Jones, Peter J. H. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Moderate weight loss: A self-directed protocol for women SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIETETIC PRACTICE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURED AEROBIC EXERCISE; LIFE-STYLE ACTIVITY; ASSOCIATION; OVERWEIGHT; DIET AB This innovative, self-directed diet and physical activity program was designed to achieve moderate weight loss in women. Thirty-five overweight or obese hyperlipidemic women completed a 20-week weight loss sutdy The weight loss intervention consisted of a 20% decrease in energy intake through diet and a 10% increase in energy expenditure through physical activity. The diet consisted of 50-60% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 20-30% fat. A personal trainer prescribed physical activity regimens. A progress-tracking system and monthly group sessions were used to maintain participant motivation throughout the weight loss period. Participants lost an average of 11.7 +/- 2.5 kg (p<0.001). The pattern of weight loss was linear (p<0.001) throughout the Study period. Average weight loss per week vas 0.59 +/- 0.55 kg. This 20-week program, combining a structured self-selected diet and independent preplanned physical activity with motivational strategies, resulted in weight loss comparable to that observed in more controlled interventions. The lower cost, ease of rise, and outcome Success make this approach potentially useful in a clinical Setting. C1 [Santosa, Sylvia; Demonty, Isabelle; Jones, Peter J. H.] McGill Univ, Sch Dietect & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Santosa, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Sch Dietect & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU DIETITIANS CANADA PI TORONTO PA 480 UNIV AVE, SUITE 604, TORONTO, ONTARIO M5G 1V2, CANADA SN 1486-3847 J9 CAN J DIET PRACT RES JI Can. J. Diet. Pract. Res. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1 BP 23 EP + DI 10.3148/69.1.2008.23 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 272GG UT WOS:000253847300006 PM 18334050 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Commens-Carson, AM AF Haag, Wendell R. Commens-Carson, Amy M. TI Testing the assumption of annual shell ring deposition in freshwater mussels SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAMPSILIS-RADIATA; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH-RATES; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ANODONTA-GRANDIS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; PEARL MUSSELS; UNIONIDAE AB We tested the assumption of annual shell ring deposition by freshwater mussels in three rivers using 17 species. In 2000, we notched shell margins, returned animals to the water, and retrieved them in 2001. In 2003, we measured shells, affixed numbered tags, returned animals, and retrieved them in 2004 and 2005. We validated deposition of a single internal annulus per year in all species and in 94% of specimens. Most unvalidated shells were old individuals with tightly crowded rings. Handling produced a conspicuous disturbance ring in all specimens and often resulted in shell damage. Observed growth was similar to but slightly lower than growth predicted by von Bertalanffy length-at-age models developed independently from shell annuli; further, handling specimens in 2 consecutive years reduced growth more than handling only once. These results show that mussels are extremely sensitive to handling. Brief handling does not likely increase short-term mortality, but repeated handling could decrease long-term fitness. Handling effects should be considered in sampling programs or when interpreting results of mark-recapture studies designed to estimate mussel growth. Production of annual shell rings is a pervasive phenomenon across species, space, and time, and validated shell rings can provide accurate estimates of age and growth. C1 [Haag, Wendell R.; Commens-Carson, Amy M.] USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM whaag@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 493 EP 508 DI 10.1139/F07-182 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 271FT UT WOS:000253775000015 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Winter, S Chirici, G Hauk, E Pelz, DR Moser, WK Hatfield, MA AF McRoberts, R. E. Winter, Susanne Chirici, Gherardo Hauk, Elmar Pelz, Dieter R. Moser, W. Keith Hatfield, Mark A. TI Large-scale spatial patterns of forest structural diversity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-SPECIES STANDS; TREE-SIZE DIVERSITY; RICHNESS; INDEXES AB Forest structural diversity was estimated for an ecological province in the north-central region of the United States of America using data for nearly 350 000 trees observed on > 12 000 forest inventory plots. Each plot was 672 m(2) in area, and the sampling intensity was approximately 1 plot/2400 ha. Two indices were used for each of two commonly and accurately measured inventory variables: species count and the Shannon index for tree species and standard deviation and the Shannon index for tree diameter. The primary results of the study were fourfold: (i) ranges of spatial correlation for diversity indices were small, on the order of 5-10 km, (ii) high proportions of provincewide diversity were realized for circular areas with radii as small as 15 km, (iii) diversity for both species and diameter exhibited strong northwest to southeast spatial patterns, and (iv) plot-level alpha diameter diversity was highly correlated with mean plot-level tree diameter. C1 [McRoberts, R. E.; Moser, W. Keith; Hatfield, Mark A.] USDA, Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Chirici, Gherardo] Univ Molise, Dept Environm & Land Sci, Isernia, Italy. [Hauk, Elmar] Fed Res & Traning Ctr Forests, A-1131 Vienna, Austria. [Pelz, Dieter R.] Univ Freiburg, Dept Forest Biometry, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn,1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us RI Chirici, Gherardo/E-6364-2010 OI Chirici, Gherardo/0000-0002-0669-5726 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1139/X07-154 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271FN UT WOS:000253774400003 ER PT J AU Temesgen, H Monleon, VJ Hann, DW AF Temesgen, H. Monleon, V. J. Hann, D. W. TI Analysis and comparison of nonlinear tree height prediction strategies for Douglas-fir forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DIAMETER MODELS; EQUATIONS; BALANCE; CURVES; SPRUCE; STANDS AB Using an extensive Douglas-fir data set from southwest Oregon, we examined the (1) performance and suitability of selected prediction strategies, (2) contribution of relative position and stand-density measures in improving tree height (h) prediction values, and (3) effect of different subsampling designs to fill in missing h values in a new stand using a regional nonlinear model. Nonlinear mixed-effects models (NMEM) substantially improved the accuracy and precision of height prediction over the conventional nonlinear fixed-effects model (NFEM) that assumes the observations are independent, particularly when a few trees are subsampled for height. The predictive performance of a correction factor on a NFEM with relative position and stand-density measures was comparable to that of a NMEM when four or more trees were subsampled for height. When two or more heights were randomly subsampled, the NMEM efficiently explained the differences in the height-diameter relationship because of the variations in relative position of trees and stand density without having to incorporate them into the model. When only one height was subsampled, selecting the largest diameter tree in the stand would result in a lower predicted root mean square error (RMSE) than randomly selecting the height, regardless of the model form or fitting strategy used. C1 [Temesgen, H.; Hann, D. W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Monleon, V. J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Temesgen, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, 280 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hailemariam.temesgen@oregonstate.edu NR 47 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 553 EP 565 DI 10.1139/X07-104 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271FN UT WOS:000253774400014 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Westfall, JA AF Woodall, C. W. Westfall, J. A. TI Controlling coarse woody debris inventory quality: taper and relative size methods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Accurately measuring the dimensions of coarse woody debris (CWD) is critical for ensuring the quality of CWD estimates and, hence, for accurately estimating forest ecosystem attributes (e.g., CWD carbon stocks). To improve the quality of CWD dimensional measurements, the distribution of taper (ratio of change in diameter and length) and relative size (RS; ratio of length and large-end diameter) of CWD pieces across the US were examined. Additionally, an outlier identification technique was developed by predicting the median and interquartile range of taper and RS as a function of large-end diameter, length, and decay class by major species group. The median CWD taper and RS across the US were 1.268 cm/m and 0.280 m/cm, respectively, with notable outliers. The taper and RS outlier identification protocol rapidly identified nearly 3% of study observations as outliers. Incorporation of CWD taper and RS outlier identification protocols into field data recorders may allow efficient control of measurement errors during field inventories. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Westfall, J. A.] USDA, Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1139/X07-171 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271FN UT WOS:000253774400021 ER PT J AU Jun, JH Fiume, E Fletcher, JC AF Jun, J. H. Fiume, E. Fletcher, J. C. TI The CLE family of plant polypeptide signaling molecules SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE polypeptide ligand; Arabidopsis; signaling; CLAVATA3 (CLV3); ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)-related (CLE); receptor-like kinase; meristem; xylem differentiation ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS SHOOT MERISTEM; STEM-CELL HOMEOSTASIS; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; ROOT-MERISTEM; GENE ENCODES; PARASITIC NEMATODE; REGULATE MERISTEM; ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; HOMEOBOX GENE AB Polypeptide ligands have long been recognized as primary signaling molecules in diverse physiological processes in animal systems. Recent studies in plants have provided major breakthroughs with the discovery that small polypeptides are also involved in many plant biological processes, indicating that the use of polypeptides as signaling molecules in cell-to-cell communication is evolutionarily conserved. The CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)-related (CLE) proteins are currently the best understood family of small polypeptides in plants. The recent isolation of MCLV3 from Arabidopsis and TDIF from a Zinnia cell culture system indicates that biologically active CLE polypeptides are produced by post-translational proteolysis and modification, similar to peptide hormone production in animals and yeast. Here, we review exciting discoveries involving the identification of the CLE proteins and their functions in various aspects of plant development, including restriction of stem cell accumulation by CLV3 and inhibition of xylem differentiation by TDIF. C1 [Jun, J. H.; Fiume, E.; Fletcher, J. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Jun, J. H.; Fiume, E.; Fletcher, J. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu OI Fiume, Elisa/0000-0001-6788-0231 NR 71 TC 60 Z9 102 U1 5 U2 28 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 743 EP 755 DI 10.1007/s00018-007-7411-5 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 270XN UT WOS:000253753600007 PM 18034320 ER PT J AU Lawton, JW Selling, GW Willett, JL AF Lawton, J. W. Selling, G. W. Willett, J. L. TI Corn gluten meal as a thermoplastic resin: Effect of plasticizers and water content SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TENSILE PROPERTIES; ZEIN FILMS; ABSORPTION AB Corn gluten meal (CGM) was studied to investigate the effect plasticizers and water have on its melt processing, and how this melting affects its mechanical properties. GCM containing varying amounts of water were mixed with 23% (w/w) plasticizers; (glycerol, triethylene glycol (TEG), dibutyl tartrate, and octanoic acid in a Haake bowl mixer at 80 degrees C. The amount of water in the CGM affected the amount of torque produced in the Haake mixer. This increase in torque was correlated with how well the CGM melted in the mixer. SEM images of CGM melted in the mixer showed a more uniform homogenous structure when processed at its optimum moisture content. Glycerol, TEG, and dibutyl tartrate produced the greatest torque when the CGM contained <1% water. Octanoic acid produced the greatest torque when the CGM was processed at 8% moisture. CGM plasticized with TEG and octanoic acid were mixed at either their optimum moisture or at 9.6% moisture and then compression molded into tensile bars. The tensile strengths of the bars that were mixed at their optimum moisture content were significantly greater than the bars mixed at 9.6% moisture. The tensile properties of the CGM samples were affected by relative humidity (rh). The tensile strength decreased and elongation increased as relative humidity increased. CGM plasticized with TEG saw a greater changes in its tensile properties due to relative humidity than did octanoic acid plasticized CGM. C1 [Lawton, J. W.; Selling, G. W.; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lawton, JW (reprint author), 4615 N Lewis Ave, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. EM john.lawton@poetenergy.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-2-0102 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 284CK UT WOS:000254682600002 ER PT J AU Chevanan, N Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Chevanan, Nehru Rosentrater, Kurt A. Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan TI Effect of DDGS, moisture content, and screw speed on physical properties of extrudates in single-screw extrusion SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STARCH GELATINIZATION; PRODUCTS; VISCOSITY; GRAINS; BLENDS; FLOUR AB Three isocaloric (3.5 kcal/g) ingredient blends containing 20, 30, and 40% (wb) distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) along with soy flour, corn flour. fish meal, and mineral and vitamin mix, with net protein adjusted to 28% (wb) for all blends, were extruded in a single-screw laboratory-scale extruder at screw speeds of 100, 130, and 160 rpm, and 15, 20, and 25% (wb) moisture content. Increasing DDGS content from 20 to 40% resulted in a 37.1, 3.1, and 8.4% decrease in extrudate durability, specific gravity, and porosity, respectively, but a 7.5% increase in bulk density. Increasing screw speed from 100 to 160 rpm resulted in a 20.3 and 8.8% increase in durability and porosity, respectively, but a 12.9% decrease in bulk density. On the other hand, increasing the moisture content from 15 to 25% (wb) resulted in a 28.2% increase in durability, but an 8.3 and 8.5% decrease in specific gravity and porosity, respectively. Furthermore, increasing the screw speed and moisture content of the blends, respectively, resulted in an increase of 29.9 and 16.6% in extruder throughput. The extrudates containing 40% DDGS had 8.7% lower brightness, as well as 20.9 and 16.9% higher redness and yellowness, compared with the extrudates containing only 20% DDGS. Increasing the DDGS content from 20 to 40% resulted in a 52.9 and 51.4% increase in fiber and fat content, respectively, and a 7.2% decrease in nitrogen free extract. As demonstrated in this study, ingredient moisture content and screw speed are critical considerations when producing extrudates with ingredient blends containing DDGS, as they are with any other ingredients. C1 [Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Chevanan, Nehru] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-2-0132 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 284CK UT WOS:000254682600006 ER PT J AU Liu, KS AF Liu, KeShun TI Measurement of wheat hardness by seed scarifier and barley pearler and comparison with single-kernel characterization system SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A new procedure based on a seed scarifier (SS) for measuring wheat hardness was described and investigated along with methods using a barley pearler (BP) and the single kernel characterization system (SKCS). Hardness measured by SS and BP is expressed as a percentage of kernel weight remaining after abrading and defined as abrasion resistance index (ARI). For a given sample weight, increased abrading time decreased ARI but improved the ability to differentiate variation among samples. The effect of sample moisture was also statistically significant. For improved performance of SS and BP, based on distinct patterns of relationships between surface removal rates and surface removal levels among soft and hard wheats, a combination of parameters that produces ARI values in the range of 80-20, and a run for a set of reference material are recommended. Differences in measured hardness values from SS, BP, and SKCS existed within a wheat group, but they were very much method-dependent. Nevertheless, all methods were able to differentiate variations between soft and hard wheat groups. Because of low cost, durability, simplicity, repeatability, and aforementioned ability, SS and BP, although limited by lack of standardization and calibration procedures, can still be useful for grain hardness measurement, particularly when and where instruments for contemporary popular methods such as SKCS and near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy are not readily available. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-2-0165 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 284CK UT WOS:000254682600011 ER PT J AU Shepherd, CT Vignaux, N Peterson, JM Johnson, LA Scott, MP AF Shepherd, C. T. Vignaux, N. Peterson, J. M. Johnson, L. A. Scott, M. P. TI Green fluorescent protein as a tissue marker in transgenic maize seed SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; COPY NUMBER; GLB1 GENE; PLANTS; ENDOSPERM; ZEIN; FRACTIONATION; TECHNOLOGY; RICE AB Seed tissues (endosperm, embryo, and pericarp) are often separated into tissue-enriched fractions by wet- or dry-milling methods for use in food, feed, and industrial products. Seed tissue markers that are sensitive and readily quantifiable would be useful to optimize fractionation processes. To meet this need for tissue markers, we set out to produce and characterize different transgenic maize lines, each containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in either endosperm or embryo. We examined mRNA transcripts using expressed sequence tag (EST) profiles of several major seed proteins and selected several with strong seed tissue preferences. Stably transformed maize lines were produced, and visual observation of fluorescence confirmed the presence of GFP in the desired tissues. To establish the utility of this grain for evaluating the effectiveness or separation efficiencies of fractionation processes, transgenic kernels were hand-dissected into pericarp, endosperm, and embryo fractions and the GFP concentration in each fraction was determined. The GFP distribution between fractions of each transgenic event was calculated from GFP concentration and mass balance, which enabled the determination of GFP yield based on the hand-dissection fractionation data and the amount of tissue contamination in each fraction. Our transgenic lines exhibited strong tissue preference for either embryo or endosperm. These lines should be useful for assessing separation efficiencies in maize fractionation processes. C1 [Vignaux, N.; Peterson, J. M.; Johnson, L. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat & Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shepherd, C. T.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, M. P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat & Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ljohnson@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-2-0188 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 284CK UT WOS:000254682600014 ER PT J AU Shepherd, CT Vignaux, N Peterson, JM Scott, MP Johnson, LA AF Shepherd, C. T. Vignaux, N. Peterson, J. M. Scott, M. P. Johnson, L. A. TI Dry-milling and fractionation of transgenic maize seed tissues with green fluorescent protein as a tissue marker SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS; CORN AB The efficiency of fractionating cereal grains (e.g., dry corn milling) can be evaluated and monitored by quantifying the proportions of seed tissues in each of the recovered fractions. The quantities of individual tissues are typically estimated using indirect methods such as quantifying fiber or ash to indicate pericarp and tip cap contents, and oil to indicate germ content. More direct and reliable methods are possible with tissue-specific markers. We used two transgenic maize lines, one containing the fluorescent protein green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant S65T expressed in endosperm, and the other containing GFP expressed in germ to determine the fate of each tissue in the dry-milling fractionation process. The two lines were dry-milled to produce three fractions (bran-, endosperm-, and germ-rich fractions) and GFP fluorescence was quantified in each fraction to estimate the tissue composition. Using a simplified laboratory dry-milling procedure and our GFP-containing grain, we determined that the endosperm-rich fraction contained 4% germ tissue, the germ-rich fraction contained 28% germ, 20% endosperm, and 52% nonendosperm and nonembryo tissues, and the bran-rich fraction contained 44% endosperm, 13% germ, and 43% nonendosperm and nonembryo tissues. GFP-containing grain can be used to optimize existing fractionation methods and to develop improved processing strategies. C1 [Vignaux, N.; Peterson, J. M.; Johnson, L. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat & Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shepherd, C. T.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, M. P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat & Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ljohnson@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 196 EP 201 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-2-0196 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 284CK UT WOS:000254682600015 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Woods, KK AF Selling, Gordon W. Woods, Kristen Kruger TI Improved isolation of zein from corn gluten meal using acetic acid and isolate characterization as solvent SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRY-MILLED CORN; EXTRACTION; PROTEIN; TEMPERATURE; SECONDARY AB An improved means of isolating zein is needed to develop new uses for corn zein. We have measured the yield of zein and evaluated the ability of acetic acid to remove zein from corn gluten meal, distillers dried grains, and ground corn using acetic acid as solvent. Acetic acid removed zein more quickly, at lower temperatures, and in higher yields when compared with alcoholic solvents. After 60 min at 25 degrees C, approximate to 50% of the zein in corn gluten meal was removed. A step change in yield from 43 to 50% occurs as the extraction temperature is increased from 40 to 55 degrees C after mixing for 30 min at 25% solids. The protein composition of the zein removed from corn gluten meal using acetic acid is very similar to that of commercial zein by SDS-PAGE. The zein obtained from corn gluten meal using acetic acid had higher amounts of fatty acids and esters according to IR analysis, leading to slightly lower protein content. Films made from zein extracted from corn gluten meal using acetic acid had lower tensile strength (approximate to 60% lower) than films produced from commercial zein. Fibers with very small diameter (0.4-1.6 mu m) can be produced by electrospinning using the AcOH solution obtained after corn gluten meal extraction. C1 [Selling, Gordon W.; Woods, Kristen Kruger] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-2-0202 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 284CK UT WOS:000254682600016 ER PT J AU Dorr, TC AF Dorr, T. C. TI Biofuels and food SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article AB Renewable energy is largely rural energy. Biomass, including but not limited to biofuels, depends on farm and forest feedstocks. USDA Rural Development has therefore emerged as a leading funding agency for the commercialization of emerging renewable energy technologies. For rural America, this is an enormous opportunity for wealth creation. The increases in food prices we are experiencing today are driven largely by surging demand from Eastern Europe, China, India, and other countries that are experiencing rapid economic growth, rising living standards, and a rapid upgrading of dietary standards. Net farm income-already at a record high-is projected to rise significantly, while direct government payments are expected to decline. Grain prices are expected to experience a short, near-term spike, then decline as new production comes online. C1 [Dorr, T. C.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Dorr, T. C.] USDA, Energy Council, Washington, DC USA. RP Dorr, TC (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 76 EP 77 DI 10.1094/CFW-53-2-0076 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 281NE UT WOS:000254503500003 ER PT J AU Williams, P Lindhauer, MG Poms, RE Wehling, RL Bergthaller, W Gaines, CS AF Williams, Phil Lindhauer, Meinolf G. Poms, Roland E. Wehling, Randy L. Bergthaller, Wolfgang Gaines, Charles S. TI The joint AACC international-ICC methods harmonization project SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Williams, Phil] PDK Projects Inc, Nanaimo, BC V9V 1L6, Canada. [Lindhauer, Meinolf G.] Fed Res Inst Nutr & Food, Max Rubner Inst, D-32756 Detmold, Germany. [Poms, Roland E.] ICC, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Wehling, Randy L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Bergthaller, Wolfgang] Fed Res Inst Nutr & Food, Max Rubner Inst, D-32756 Detmold, Germany. [Gaines, Charles S.] USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Williams, P (reprint author), PDK Projects Inc, 5072 Vista View Crescent, Nanaimo, BC V9V 1L6, Canada. EM philwilliams@pdkgrain.com; office@icc.or.at NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1094/CFW-53-2-0099 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 281NE UT WOS:000254503500005 ER PT J AU Rader, EP Cederna, PS McClellan, WT Caterson, SA Panter, KE Yu, D Buchman, SR Larkin, LM Faulkner, JA Weinzweig, J AF Rader, Erik P. Cederna, Paul S. McClellan, William T. Caterson, Stephanie A. Panter, Kip E. Yu, Deborah Buchman, Steven R. Larkin, Lisa M. Faulkner, John A. Weinzweig, Jeffrey TI Effect of cleft palate repair on the susceptibility to contraction-induced injury of single permeabilized muscle fibers from congenitally-clefted goat palates SO CLEFT PALATE-CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Cleft-Palate-Craniofacial-Association CY APR 03-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Cleft Palate Craniofacial Assoc DE levator veli palatini; velopharyngeal incompetence ID LEVATOR VELI PALATINI; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS; SOFT PALATE; EXERCISE; MODEL; MICE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STIMULATION; STRETCHES AB Objective: Despite cleft palate repair, velopharyngeal competence is not achieved in similar to 15% of patients, often necessitating secondary surgical correction. Velopharyngeal competence postrepair may require the conversion of levator veil palatini muscle fibers from injury-susceptible type 2 fibers to injury-resistant type 1 fibers. As an initial step to determining the validity of this theory, we tested the hypothesis that, in most cases, repair induces the transformation to type 1 fibers, thus diminishing susceptibility to injury. Interventions: Single permeabilized levator veil palatini muscle fibers were obtained from normal palates and nonrepaired congenitally-clefted palates of young (2 months old) and adult (14 to 15 months old) goats and from repaired palates of adult goats (8 months old). Repair was done at 2 months of age using a modified von Langenbeck technique. Main Outcome Measures: Fiber type was determined by contractile properties and susceptibility to injury was assessed by force deficit, the decrease in maximum force following a lengthening contraction protocol expressed as a percentage of initial force. Results: For normal palates and cleft palates of young goats, the majority of the fibers were type 2 with force deficits of similar to 40%. Following repair, 80% of the fibers were type 1 with force deficits of 20% +/- 2%; these deficits were 45% of those for nonrepaired cleft palates of adult goats (p <.0001). Conclusion: The decrease in the percentage of type 2 fibers and susceptibility to injury may be important for the development of a functional levator veil palatini muscle postrepair. C1 [Rader, Erik P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Iowa City, IA USA. [Cederna, Paul S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cederna, Paul S.; Buchman, Steven R.] Univ Michigan, Sect Plast Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cederna, Paul S.; Faulkner, John A.] Univ Michigan, Inst Gerontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McClellan, William T.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Caterson, Stephanie A.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Panter, Kip E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Yu, Deborah] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Surg, Bronx, NY USA. [Buchman, Steven R.] Univ Michigan, Craniofacial Anomalies Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Larkin, Lisa M.; Faulkner, John A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Faulkner, John A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Physiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Weinzweig, Jeffrey] Lahey Clin Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Weinzweig, Jeffrey] Lahey Clin Med Ctr, Inst Craniomaxillofacial Surg, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Faulkner, JA (reprint author), Biomed Sci Res Bldg,109 Zina Pitcher Pl,Room 2035, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jafaulk@umich.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG 13283, P30 AG013283, P01 AG015434-059003]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T90 DK070071, T90 DK 070071]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM 008161-06A1, T32 GM008616] NR 38 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1055-6656 J9 CLEFT PALATE-CRAN J JI Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1597/06-171.1 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery GA 279RY UT WOS:000254373500001 PM 18333646 ER PT J AU Fried, JS Gilless, JK Riley, WJ Moody, TJ de Blas, CS Hayhoe, K Moritz, M Stephens, S Torn, M AF Fried, Jeremy S. Gilless, J. Keith Riley, William J. Moody, Tadashi J. de Blas, Clara Simon Hayhoe, Katharine Moritz, Max Stephens, Scoff Torn, Margaret TI Predicting the effect of climate change on wildfire behavior and initial attack success SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION PLANNING-MODEL; WILDLAND FIRE; STOCHASTIC REPRESENTATION; CALIFORNIA; SIMULATION AB This study focused on how climate change-induced effects on weather will translate into changes in wildland fire severity and outcomes in California, particularly on the effectiveness of initial attack at limiting the number of fires that escape initial attack. The results indicate that subtle shifts in fire behavior of the sort that might be induced by the climate changes anticipated for the next century are of sufficient magnitude to generate an appreciable increase in the number of fires that escape initial attack. Such escapes are of considerable importance in wildland fire protection planning, given the high cost to society of a catastrophic escape like those experienced in recent decades in the Berkeley-Oakland, Santa Barbara, San Diego, or Los Angeles areas. However, at least for the three study areas considered, it would appear that relatively modest augmentations to existing firefighting resources might be sufficient to compensate for change-induced changes in wildland fire outcomes. C1 [Gilless, J. Keith] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fried, Jeremy S.] USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [Riley, William J.; Torn, Margaret] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA USA. [Moody, Tadashi J.; Moritz, Max; Stephens, Scoff] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Blas, Clara Simon] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. [Hayhoe, Katharine] ATMOS Res & Consulting, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Gilless, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gilless@nature.berkeley.edu RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Simon de Blas, Clara/0000-0002-6963-1295 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 SU 1 BP S251 EP S264 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9360-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288LJ UT WOS:000254987600016 ER PT J AU Lenihan, JM Bachelet, D Neilson, RP Drapek, R AF Lenihan, James M. Bachelet, Dominique Neilson, Ronald P. Drapek, Raymond TI Response of vegetation distribution, ecosystem productivity, and fire to climate change scenarios for California SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; CARBON; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; RANGES AB The response of vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire to three scenarios of future climate change was simulated for California using the MC1 Dynamic General Vegetation Model. Under all three scenarios, Alpine/Subalpine Forest cover declined, and increases in the productivity of evergreen hardwoods led to the displacement of Evergreen Conifer Forest by Mixed Evergreen Forest. Grassland expanded, largely at the expense of Woodland and Shrubland, even under the cooler and less dry climate scenario where increased woody plant production was offset by increased wildfire. Increases in net primary productivity under the cooler and less dry scenario contributed to a simulated carbon sink of about 321 teragrams for California by the end of the century. Declines in net primary productivity under the two warmer and drier scenarios contributed to a net loss of carbon ranging from about 76 to 129 teragrams. Total annual area burned in California increased under all three scenarios, ranging from 9-15% above the historical norm by the end of the century. Annual biomass consumption by fire by the end of the century was about 18% greater than the historical norm under the more productive cooler and less dry scenario. Under the warmer and drier scenarios, simulated biomass consumption was initially greater, but then at, or below, the historical norm by the end of the century. C1 [Lenihan, James M.] USFS Pacific NW Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Lenihan, James M.; Neilson, Ronald P.; Drapek, Raymond] USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lenihan, JM (reprint author), USFS Pacific NW Res Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR USA. EM lenihan@fsl.orst.edu RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 32 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 SU 1 BP S215 EP S230 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9362-0 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288LJ UT WOS:000254987600014 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Shukle, RH AF Mittapalli, Omprakash Shukle, Richard H. TI Molecular characterization and responsive expression of a defender against apoptotic cell death homologue from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE defender against apoptotic death (DADl); Hessian fly; mRNA expression ID CDNA CLONING; GENE; PROTEIN; DAD1; CECIDOMYIIDAE; SUPPRESSOR; PATTERNS; DIPTERA; INSECT; PETALS AB Apoptosis or programmed cell death is an active process occurring in multicellular organisms to maintain growth and development. The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, is rapidly emerging as a model insect species to study insect-plant interactions and to decipher some exceptional physiological phenomena. In this study, we report the characterization and expression profiles of a putative Hessian fly defender against apoptotic cell death (DADl) homologue designated MdesDADl. The deduced amino acid sequence of MdesDADl revealed significant similarity (75% identity, 9e-42) to other insect and non-insect DAD I sequences. Phylogenetic analysis grouped MdesDADl within a sub-clade consisting of other insect DAD I homologues. Quantitative analysis indicated constitutive levels of MdesDADl mRNA in all the tissues examined but an altered expression pattern during development, wherein the highest mRNA levels observed were prior to pupation. Most interestingly, MdesDADl transcript was found to be up-regulated during incompatible (larvae reared on resistant wheat) Hessian fly/wheat interactions compared to compatible (larvae reared on susceptible wheat) interactions. These results suggest MdesDADl to have a putative role in the inhibition of unwanted apoptosis triggered during development and in incompatible Hessian fly/wheat interactions. The results obtained provide clues to plausible insect and host-plant factors that could be responsible for the induction of MdesDADl. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mittapalli, Omprakash] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Mol Ecol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mittapalli, O (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Mol Ecol, Hans Knoell Str 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM omittapalli@ice.mpg.de NR 27 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 149 IS 3 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.12.001 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 268JO UT WOS:000253576300014 PM 18249019 ER PT J AU Chandra, A Turng, LS Gopalan, P Rowell, RM Gong, SQ AF Chandra, Alexander Turng, Lih-Sheng Gopalan, Padma Rowell, Roger M. Gong, Shaoqin TI Study of utilizing thin polymer surface coating on the nanoparticles for melt compounding of polycarbonate/alumina nanocomposites and their optical properties SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared (IR) spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); optical polymer nanocomposites ID FILMS; TRIALKOXYSILANE; GLASS AB This paper presents a thin polymer surface coating approach to facilitate dispersion of poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) (SMA) copolymer-coated alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles in polycarbonate (PC) using a high intensity thermokinetic mixer (K-mixer) and the optical properties of the resultant nanocomposites. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analyses (ESCA), energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to investigate the covalent bonding of polymer coating on the nanoparticles and the nanoparticle dispersion. The light transmittance of the PC/alumina nanocomposites was measured and compared with that of the transparent neat resin. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chandra, Alexander; Turng, Lih-Sheng; Gopalan, Padma] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rowell, Roger M.] USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Turng, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, 1513 UNiv Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM turng@engr.wisc.edu NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 768 EP 776 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.08.027 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 269AK UT WOS:000253621700022 ER PT J AU Zobel, RW AF Zobel, Richard W. TI Hardware and software efficacy in assessment of fine root diameter distributions SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fine roots; high resolution; scanner; digital image analysis; diameter distribution; root length ID LENGTH; MORPHOLOGY; IMAGES AB Fine roots constitute the majority of root system surface area and thus most of the nutrient and water absorption surface. Fine roots are, however, the least understood of all plant roots. A sensitivity analysis of several software programs capable of providing root diameter distribution analyses was undertaken to determine if this software was capable of discriminating 10% changes in diameters of roots in the 0.05-0.2 mm diameter range. Digital images produced by drawing discrete lines, by scanning wires of various diameters, and by scanning roots from several legume species were analyzed and compared. None of the three packages were able to adequately analyze these images. Each introduced artifacts into the data that were severe enough to confound interpretation of the resulting diameter class length histograms at resolutions from 24 to 400 pixels (px) mm(-1), and root diameters from 0.06 to 0. 5 mm or larger. One package was, however, clearly superior to the other two for routine digital analysis. All three packages require additional development before they are suitable for routine analysis of fine roots. Due to the 252 px mm-1 resolution ceiling with currently available scanners, the smallest roots for which this level of discrimination is possible is 0.12mm diameter. For many agricultural and forest species, up to 95% of their total root length is less than 0.1 mm in diameter. It is concluded that both hardware and software constraints currently inhibit the sensitivity of investigations into fine root diameter shifts in response to environmental conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, AFSRC, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Zobel, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, AFSRC, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM rich.zobel@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 60 IS 2 BP 178 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.08.002 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 265BI UT WOS:000253333700007 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Reid, JF Zhang, Q AF Kim, Yunseop Reid, John F. Zhang, Qin TI Fuzzy logic control of a multispectral imaging sensor for in-field plant sensing SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sensors; infrared imaging; cameras; segmentation; illumination; logic AB The development of an in-field plant sensing system for a site-specific application can protect the environment from excessive chemicals and save management cost while maintaining productivity. A multi-spectral imaging sensor has been introduced and widely used for in-field plant sensing. In order for a robust performance of the spectral imaging sensor under changes in ambient illumination, image quality must be maintained for proper spectral image analysis. Image formation that is affected by camera parameters was identified, and a controller was developed to compensate varying image intensity and to obtain the desired image quality A fuzzy logic control algorithm was applied to automatically adjust the camera exposure and gain to control image brightness within a targeted gray level. Slow convergence and oscillation were regulated by dynamic membership functions with different weights in each image channel. Images affected by illumination disturbance quickly converged into a desired brightness image within a maximum of five iterations over the entire range of camera gains in all three spectral image channels. An application of in-field plant sensing using the fuzzy logic image controller was evaluated on corn crops for nitrogen detection. The normalized spectral response of the sensor was inversely correlated to a chlorophyll meter with -0.93 and -0.88 in red and green channels, respectively. The development of an image quality controller using fuzzy logic enhanced the reliable performance of the in-field plant sensing system. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Yunseop] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Reid, John F.] Moline Technol Innovat Ctr, Moline, IL 61265 USA. [Zhang, Qin] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM james.kim@ars.usda.gov; ReidjohnF@JohnDeere.com; qinzhang@uiuc.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 60 IS 2 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.09.008 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 265BI UT WOS:000253333700015 ER PT J AU Roberts, RG Sawyer, AJ AF Roberts, R. G. Sawyer, A. J. TI An updated pest risk assessment for spread of Erwinia amylovora and fire blight via commercial apple fruit SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE trade restriction; quarantine; phytosanitary; long-range spread ID POPULATION; SURVIVAL AB The phytosanitary risk associated with the movement of export-quality apple fruit to countries where fire blight does not occur is reassessed based upon additional data available since 1998 and clarification or correction of previously misinterpreted data present in the literature. The low epiphytic fitness of Erwinia amylovora (Ea) on apple fruit, the documented low incidence of viable Ea populations on mature apple fruit and the lack of a documented pathway by which susceptible host material could become infected from fruit-borne inoculum remain unchanged, and support the view that movement of Ea via commercial apple fruit is highly unlikely. With this new information, we updated a previously published model to re-estimate the likelihood of fire blight outbreaks in new areas because of commercial fruit shipment. This likelihood decreased in every scenario, and ranged from one outbreak in 5217 years to one in 753,144 years. By using the corrected and newly published data and by making assumptions based upon documented pathogen biology, the model gives more robust statistical support to the opinion that the risk of importing Ea on commercial apple fruit and the concomitant risk of establishing new outbreaks of fire blight is so small as to be insignificant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Roberts, R. G.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Sawyer, A. J.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis Air Natl Guard Base, MA 02542 USA. RP Roberts, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM roberts@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR-MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3-5 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.06.007 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 272SW UT WOS:000253881100009 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Yang, Y Su, JY Shen, JL Gao, CF Zhu, YC AF Wang, Huai Yin Yang, Yang Su, Jian Ya Shen, Jin Liang Gao, Cong Fen Zhu, Yu Cheng TI Assessment of the impact of insecticides on Anagrus nilaparvatae (Pang et Wang) (Hymenoptera : Mymanidae), an egg parasitoid of the rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera : Delphacidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE insecticides; Anagrus nilaparvatae; Nilaparvata lugens; integrated pest management; IPM; risk; sublethal effect; lethal effect ID WASP APHIDIUS-ERVI; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; COTESIA-PLUTELLAE; DIGLYPHUS-ISAEA; TOXICITY; ALEYRODIDAE; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The parasitoid, Anagrus nilaparvatae (Pang et Wang), is a major natural enemy of the rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. It plays an important role in the integrated pest management (IPM) of the rice planthopper, although chemical control is also effective. However, compatibility of biological and chemical control has never been investigated with this system. This study was designed to assess potential insecticide toxicities to the wasps, including acute and residual toxicity through contact and oral ingestion. Fourteen insecticides, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators (IGRs), neonicotine, phenylpyrazole, and antibiotics were selected to test their toxicities against the adult parasitoid. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of each insecticide was first determined. Acute contact toxicity tests indicated that chlorpyrifos had the highest toxicity to the wasp, requiring the least chemical to achieve 50% mortality. Imidacloprid was the second most toxic insecticide, while IGRs had the lowest toxicity. Results of oral toxicity tests of 14 pesticides showed that dichlorvos was the most toxic, which generated 100% mortality only 2 h after treatment. Isoprocarb, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were the second most toxic insecticides and killed all wasps in a 4-h period. Residual toxicity results indicated that imidacloprid was the most persistent insecticide, and it retained residual toxicity (80.7% mortality) on rice leaves up to 7d after treatment. Thiamethoxam, triazophos, and fipronil also had long residual toxicity to the wasps with 7-d mortalities as 66.8%, 54.6%, and 50.0%, respectively. IGRs showed very low contact and residual toxicity, but exhibited certain chronic effects of oral toxicity on longevity, fecundity, and offspring emergence. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Yu Cheng] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Key Lab Monitoring & Management Plant Dis & Insec, Minist Agr,Dept Pesticide Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Wang, Huai Yin; Yang, Yang; Su, Jian Ya; Shen, Jin Liang; Gao, Cong Fen] USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shen, JL (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Key Lab Monitoring & Management Plant Dis & Insec, Minist Agr,Dept Pesticide Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM jlshen@njau.edu.cn; yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 32 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR-MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3-5 BP 514 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.08.004 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 272SW UT WOS:000253881100029 ER PT J AU Yates, IE Sparks, D AF Yates, I. E. Sparks, Darrell TI Fusarium verticillioides dissemination among maize ears of field-grown plants SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; mycotoxins; selection gene; hygromycin resistance; reporter gene; beta-glucuronidase ID SWEET CORN EARS; FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; MONILIFORME; INFECTION; ROT; HYBRIDS; SEED; PROLIFERATUM; STRESSES AB Consequences of the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (synonym F moniliforme Sheldon) (teleomorph, Gibberella moniliformis), colonizing kernels of maize, Zea mays L., may be plant disease and/or mycotoxin production. Plant disease may reduce crop production and mycotoxins may cause harmful, and often fatal, effects on humans and animals. The objective of the current experiments was to track migration of a F verticillioides isolate transformed with foreign genes from inoculated to non-inoculated maize ears to determine the population flow of this fungus among maize plants under field conditions. Distribution patterns of F. verticilloides following artificial infections have been described within growing maize plants, but not among maize plants. Maize ears were inoculated through either the shuck or the silk channel at one of two stages of silk development, green or brown. The inoculum was a genetically transformed isolate, designated F verticillioides PATg, carrying two foreign genes, one coding for hygromycin resistance (hyg(r)) and the other for P-glucuronidase (GUS). The average expression of hyg(r) was 66% and of GUS was 96% for mycelia emerging from kernels of ears inoculated with F verticillioides. Mycelia resistant to hygromycin appeared in cultures of kernels from non-inoculated and water-inoculated ears, but only at <= 3%. However, none of the mycelia stained positive for GUS in kernels originating from non-inoculated ears and only 7% of those from water-inoculated ears: Thus, dissemination of F. verticillioides PATg was minimal from plant to plant under field conditions existing in Georgia during the growing seasons of 2001, 2002, and 2003. Negligible F verticillioides PATg was detected in a few ears inoculated with water through the silk during the green silk stage of development. Perhaps the mechanical injury during inoculation provided an entry site for the spores of F. verticillioides PATg dispersed by abiotic factors such as rain or wind. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yates, I. E.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Sparks, Darrell] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Yates, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ida.yates@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR-MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3-5 BP 606 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.09.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 272SW UT WOS:000253881100041 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Mullinix, BG AF Johnson, W. Carroll, III Mullinix, Benjamin G., Jr. TI Cultural control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in transplanted cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) by varying application timing and type of thin-film mulches SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE cultural weed control; organic weed control; yellow nutsedge ID PURPLE NUTSEDGE; WEED MANAGEMENT; METHYL-BROMIDE; ROTUNDUS; ALTERNATIVES; GROWTH; TOMATO AB Irrigated field trials were conducted in Tifton, GA, at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station to determine the effectiveness of thin-film mulch application times and mulching materials in suppressing yellow nutsedge in transplanted cantaloupe production. Thin-film mulches were applied to freshly tilled seedbeds the day of transplanting, 1, 2, and 3 weeks prior to transplanting. Mulching materials were clear, black, and white on black low-density polyethylene (LDPE), along with a non-covered (bareground) control. Yellow nutsedge emergence in transplanted cantaloupe was suppressed by the combined effects of a physical barrier provided by thin-film mulches and competitive size differential provided by using cantaloupe transplants. All of the thin-film mulches applied to freshly prepared seedbeds either the day of transplanting or I week before transplanting effectively suppressed yellow nutsedge in transplanted cantaloupe production, without the need for fumigants or herbicides. Yellow nutsedge suppression in bareground seedbeds freshly prepared within I week of transplanting was nearly as effective as suppression from thin-film mulches. Seedbed preparation and applying thin-film mulch 2 or 3 weeks before transplanting did not effectively suppress yellow nutsedge and cantaloupe yields were reduced. In systems where soil fumigation and herbicide use are not possible, yellow nutsedge can be effectively suppressed and crop yields protected by applying thin-film mulches immediately prior to transplanting cantaloupe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, W. Carroll, III; Mullinix, Benjamin G., Jr.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Carroll.Johnson@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR-MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3-5 BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.10.008 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 272SW UT WOS:000253881100057 ER PT J AU Huang, F Leonard, R Moore, S Yue, B Parker, R Reagan, T Stout, M Cook, D Akbar, W Chilcutt, C White, W Lee, D Biles, S AF Huang, Fangneng Leonard, Rogers Moore, Steven Yue, Bisong Parker, Roy Reagan, Thomas Stout, Michael Cook, Don Akbar, Waseem Chilcutt, Charles White, William Lee, Donna Biles, Stephen TI Geographical susceptibility of Louisiana and Texas populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab protein SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Diatraea saccharalis; Cry1Ab; Bacillus thuringiensis; susceptibility; field corn ID SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER; BASE-LINE SUSCEPTIBILITY; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; TOXIN AB The susceptibilities of 18 field. populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), to two sources of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab protein were determined using laboratory bioassays. Fifteen of the 18 field populations were collected from seven locations across Louisiana and the other three populations were sampled from the Gulf Coast area of Texas during 2004-2006. Neonates of D. saccharalis were exposed to a meridic diet treated with selected concentrations of Cry1Ab protein. Larval mortality was measured at 7 days after inoculation. Statistically significant differences in median lethal concentrations (LC50S) were detected among insect populations from different geographical locations, but the field populations remained as susceptible as a laboratory strain of D. saccharalis that had been maintained in the laboratory for > 20 years without exposure to any chemical insecticides or Bt toxins. The LC(50)s of Cry1Ab protein, which was extracted from DKC69-70 Bt corn hybrid, ranged from 0.03 to 0.32 mu g/g for the seven field populations collected during 2004. The LC50 values based on bioassays with purified, trypsin-activated Cry1Ab protein from a recombinant Escherichia coli culture were 0.03-0.17 mu g/g for the 11ield populations collected during 2005-2006. Small changes in Cry1Ab susceptibility were detected among crops, years of sampling, or locations. All field-collected insect populations, except one, exhibited lower LC50 values than the laboratory strain. The results of this study suggest that field populations of D. saccharalis remain generally susceptible to the Cry1Ab protein after 8 years use of transgenic Bt corn in Louisiana and the Gulf Coast area of Texas. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Fangneng; Reagan, Thomas; Stout, Michael; Akbar, Waseem] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Leonard, Rogers] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Macon Ridge Res Stn, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. [Moore, Steven] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dean Lee Res Stn, Alexandria, LA USA. [Yue, Bisong] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Parker, Roy; Chilcutt, Charles] Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. [Cook, Don] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, NE Res Stn, St Joseph, LA 71366 USA. [Cook, Don] USDA ARS, Houma, LA USA. [Lee, Donna] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, E Carroll Parish Off, Lake Providence, LA 71254 USA. [Biles, Stephen] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Cooperat Extens, Port Lavaca, TX 77979 USA. RP Huang, F (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM fhuang@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR-MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3-5 BP 799 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.11.007 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 272SW UT WOS:000253881100064 ER PT J AU Behlau, F Belasque, J Bergamin, A Graham, JH Leite, RP Gottwald, TR AF Behlau, F. Belasque, J., Jr. Bergamin Filho, A. Graham, J. H. Leite, R. P., Jr. Gottwald, T. R. TI Copper sprays and windbreaks for control of citrus canker on young orange trees in southern Brazil SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri; disease incidence; defoliation; damage function ID CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; XANTHOMONAS; RESISTANCE AB The benefit of windbreaks and copper sprays for control of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri was investigated in a commercial citrus orchard located in a citrus canker endemic area in southern Brazil. Control of canker was evaluated as incidence and severity of lesions on foliage and by the effect on premature leaf and fruit drop for three production seasons. Effect of the treatments on fruit production was evaluated as incidence of citrus canker on prematurely abscised fruits and harvested fruits. Copper application significantly reduced damage to foliage and fruit, while windbreaks made little contribution to disease control. Copper sprays increased fruit yield for 3 years. This could be attributed to lower incidence of fruit with lesions and fewer fruits abscised due to canker infection. Incidence and severity on the leaves were inversely related to the number of fruits harvested per tree and directly related to the number of fruits abscised per tree. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Belasque, J., Jr.] Fundecitrus, BR-14901870 Araraquara, Brazil. [Behlau, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bergamin Filho, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agricola, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, Brazil. [Graham, J. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Leite, R. P., Jr.] IAPAR, Area Protecao Plantas, BR-86047902 Londrina, Brazil. [Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Belasque, J (reprint author), Fundecitrus, CP 391, BR-14901870 Araraquara, Brazil. EM belasque@fundecitrus.com.br RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008; Bergamin Filho, Armando/C-2775-2012; Belasque, Jose/B-7753-2015; Behlau, Franklin/K-7012-2012 OI Belasque, Jose/0000-0001-6059-2173; Behlau, Franklin/0000-0001-5964-9494 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR-MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3-5 BP 807 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.11.008 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 272SW UT WOS:000253881100065 ER PT J AU Figueroa, JA Kimball, BA Perry, KR AF Figueroa, Julia A. Kimball, Bruce A. Perry, Kelly R. TI Lagomorph and rodent responses to two protein hydrolysates SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE gelatin; gopher; herbivore; hydrolyzed casein; mountain beaver; rabbit; vole; wildlife damage management ID DEER; RABBITS AB Various species of rodents and lagomorphs were used in bioassays to determine the effectiveness of protein hydrolysates (specifically hydrolyzed casein and gelatin) as herbivore repellents. Mixed sex groups of captive rabbits, pocket gophers, voles, and mountain beavers were offered hydrolyzed casein or gelatin test diets in single-choice tests following a training period with a hydrolysate-free diet. The effectiveness of either hydrolyzed casein or gelatin was dependent on the species. Hydrolyzed casein was identified as an effective repellent for mountain beavers and pocket gophers as these species showed a strong avoidance of hydrolyzed casein diets. Rabbits demonstrated slightly higher avoidance of the gelatin diets versus hydrolyzed casein. However, hydrolyzed casein and gelatin displayed little potential as repellents for voles as both products were readily consumed. Rather than universal application for all pest herbivores, test diet preferences suggest that repellent application depends on the pest species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Figueroa, Julia A.; Kimball, Bruce A.] USDA, APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Figueroa, Julia A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kimball, Bruce A.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Perry, Kelly R.] USDA, APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR-MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3-5 BP 851 EP 854 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.07.004 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 272SW UT WOS:000253881100070 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Jung, HG Coblentz, WK AF Casler, M. D. Jung, H. G. Coblentz, W. K. TI Clonal selection for lignin, and etherified ferulates in three perennial grasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH BROMEGRASS CLONES; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE; MAIZE STEM TISSUES; FORAGE CELL-WALLS; LOLIUM-PERENNE; KLASON LIGNIN; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; ANIMAL NUTRITION; DIETARY FIBER AB Decreased lignin concentration or decreased ferulate cross-linking between arabinoxylans and lignin are two mechanisms to increase cell-wall digestibility in plants. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the consistency and clonal repeatability of lignin and etherified ferulates across multiple harvest dates and years, (ii) to determine if the genetic correlation between lignin and etherified ferulates can be altered by intensive selection, and (iii) to determine the effects of lignin and ferulates on digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Thirty clones each of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were evaluated in a replicated field study at four growth stages in 2004 and 2005 for NDF, lignin, esterified and etherified ferulates, and 24- and 96-h in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD). Clonal means were generally repeatable across years and harvest dates. Divergent selection created clonal groups with differential lignin and etherified ferulates, but the positive correlation between 1 these two traits was reduced only in smooth bromegrass. Both lignin and etherified ferulates were negatively correlated with 96-h IVNDFD and these relationships were maintained as all three grasses matured. Concentration of NDF was highly correlated with etherified ferulates, making it difficult to partition the impact of components of lignification on IVNDFD. C1 [Casler, M. D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jung, H. G.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, H. G.] US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.] US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 424 EP 433 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.04.0229 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500004 ER PT J AU Casler, MD AF Casler, M. D. TI Among-and-within-family selection in eight forage grass populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH BROMEGRASS COLLECTIONS; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; GENETIC PROGRESS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; SPATIAL VARIATION; REED CANARYGRASS; RURAL CEMETERIES; LOLIUM-PERENNE; YIELD AB Forage yields increased little during the twentieth century, despite intensive breeding efforts in many species. Half-sib family (HSF) and/ or among-and-within-family (AWF) selection methods may overcome this problem. The objective of this study was to compare HSF and AWF selection using forage yield of sward plots as the among-family selection criterion and natural selection of survivors within swards 1: as the within-family selection criterion. Selection for increased forage yield was practiced in eight populations of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and hybrid wheatgrass [Elytrigia x muctonata (Opiz ex Bercht.) Prokud.]. Two methods of recombination were used: random plants from remnant seed (HSF) or sod cores from selected families four years after establishment (AWF). There were no consistent differences between HSF and AWF selection for orchardgrass, a bunch grass. For the other two species, both highly rhizomatous, AWF selection was two to four times more effective than HSF selection for increasing forage yield. Natural selection within families of the two rhizomatous grasses favored genotypes capable of filling in open spaces left by plant and/or tiller mortality. The consistent differences in selection responses between orchardgrass and the two rhizomatous species suggested that natural selection acted on some characteristic of the rhizomatous trait of these two grasses. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0267 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500005 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Robins, JG Peel, MD Jensen, KB AF Waldron, Blair L. Robins, Joseph G. Peel, Michael D. Jensen, Kevin B. TI Predicted efficiency of spaced-plant selection to indirectly improve tall fescue sward yield and quality SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPETITION LEVEL INTERACTIONS; LOLIUM-PERENNE; FORAGE YIELD; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; SEED PRODUCTION; GRAIN-YIELD; ORCHARDGRASS; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENTS AB The validity of spaced-plant evaluation to determine sward performance of forage grasses has been questioned. This experiment studied the efficiency of spaced-plant evaluation to indirectly improve sward yield and nutritional quality in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Narrow-sense heritabilities, genetic and rank correlations, and indirect selection efficiencies were estimated for a tall fescue population grown in spaced plant and seeded sward environments. Heritability for yield was similar between spaced plants and swards (0.43 and 0.44, respectively), but genetic correlation between the two was low (0.37 +/- 0.38). Inconsistency (r = 0.30, P = 0.17) in family ranking further suggested that spaced plants were not predictive of sward yield. Heritability of crude protein from swards was low (0.27 +/- 0.25) compared with 0.77 +/- 0.08 from spaced plants, but there was no genetic relationship between the two (r = -0.13 +/- 0.30). Moderate to high heritabilities and genetic correlations were observed for most fiber traits, but indirect selection efficiencies and rank correlations of <1.0 suggested that evaluation in a sward environment would be best to select for improved nutritional quality. Spaced-plant evaluation appears to be less effective, or ineffective, at improving sward yield and nutritional quality in tall fescue. New techniques are needed that maximize genetic expression but simulate actual sward production of forage grasses. C1 [Waldron, Blair L.; Robins, Joseph G.; Peel, Michael D.; Jensen, Kevin B.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0354 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500006 ER PT J AU Lamb, JFS Russelle, MP Fenton, DM AF Lamb, JoAnn F. S. Russelle, Michael P. Fenton, Diana M. TI Field-based selection method creates alfalfa populations that differ in nitrate nitrogen uptake SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE YIELD; SUBSOIL NITRATE; BROMIDE; QUALITY; TRACER; SOILS; GROUNDWATER; MIXTURES; FIXATION; ENTRIES AB Sustainable agricultural systems could benefit from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) germplasm that reduce N losses to the ground water and decrease N fertilizer inputs. With the goal of producing alfalfa populations with altered nitrate N uptake, our objectives were to develop, assess, and refine an inexpensive selection method using Br- as an analog for nitrate under field conditions. Two selection schemes using divergent herbage Br- concentration and/or divergent herbage Br- uptake, both in combination with high herbage N content, produced two Cycle 1 and four Cycle 2 alfalfa populations. We evaluated these populations for both Br- uptake and nitrate N uptake (estimated by N derived from fertilizer, Ndff [N-15-labeled]) for one regrowth period in two locations in each of 2 yr. Weak associations between Br- uptake and Ndff were found during the establishment year, but strong correlations were found between Br- concentration and fraction of Ndff (fNdff) (r = 0.83) and between Br- uptake and Ndff (r = 0.85 to 0.90) when populations were evaluated during the first production year. Populations selected for high Br- concentration or uptake had greater Br- concentration and uptake, fNdff, and Ndff than populations selected for low Br-. Our method of selecting alfalfa plants for differences in herbage Br- concentration or uptake in combination with high herbage N content is the first to successfully produce alfalfa populations that differ in nitrate N uptake in a field environment. C1 [Lamb, JoAnn F. S.; Russelle, Michael P.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Russelle, Michael P.] US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM JoAnn.Lamb@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.04.0213 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500007 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Dahleen, LS Neate, S Schwarz, P Mancharan, M AF Bregitzer, P. Dahleen, Lynn S. Neate, Stephen Schwarz, Paul Mancharan, Muthusamy TI A single backcross effectively eliminates agronomic and quality alterations caused by somaclonal variation in transgenic barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; AVENA-SATIVA L.; TRICHOTHECENE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS; TISSUE-CULTURE; PLANTS; PERFORMANCE; EXPRESSION; WHEAT AB Transgenic crops have proven commercial utility but are created using processes known to produce undesirable variability known as somaclonal variation. This reduces the utility of transgenic germplasm to the plant breeder and complicates assessments of transgeneencoded phenotypes. Backcrossing transgenes into a wild-type genome is one solution, but producing near-isogenic lines requires a lengthy and resource-intensive process of multiple crosses. However, an abbreviated breeding scheme involving a single backcross to the wild-type parent used to produce a transgenic line, which would replace 75% of the variant alleles, should produce transgenic lines with improved performance. Comparisons were made of 'Conlon' barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), primary transgenic lines derived from Conlon, and lines derived from single backcrosses of primary transgenic lines to Conlon. The primary transgenic lines were different from Conlon for many agronomic and malting characteristics. Most of the backcross-derived lines did not differ significantly from Conlon for malting quality traits but showed more differences than for agronomic characteristics. Differences between lines encoding TRI101 versus lines encoding PDR5 suggested that PDR5 insertion or expression may have affected malting quality. It is concluded that a single backcross is an effective, rapid, and inexpensive method for creating superior transgenic lines. C1 [Bregitzer, P.] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Dahleen, Lynn S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Neate, Stephen] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Schwarz, Paul] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Mancharan, Muthusamy] Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM phil.bregitzer@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0370 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500009 ER PT J AU Walker, C Campbell, KG Carter, B Kidwell, K AF Walker, Carl Campbell, Kimberly Garland Carter, Brady Kidwell, Kimberlee TI Using the solvent retention capacity test when breeding wheat for diverse production environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AACC METHOD 56-11; SPRING WHEAT; FLOUR AB The solvent retention capacity (SRC) test is used to predict commercial baking performance of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by measuring the capacity of flour to retain each of four solvents-water, Na2Co3, sucrose, and lactic acid-to assess overall absorption capacity, starch damage, pentosan and gliadin content, and glutenin quality, respectively. Our objectives were to determine sources of variation in the test, repeatability, and optimum scale and resource allocation needed to maximize efficiency. Duplicate SRC tests were conducted for each solvent using two flour sample sizes (5 and 0.2 g) from two field replications of each of 8 soft white spring and 16 soft white winter genotypes grown in five and three environments, respectively. We conducted ANOVAs and used variance components to assess the consistency the consistency with which genotypic differences were detected. The interactions of genotype x environment and genotype x field replication within environment were significant (P < 0.05) for most solvent and sample weight combinations. Repetability values were high and consistent for all solvents (0.86 - 0.96) when 5-g samples were used, indicating that selection based on any solvent should result in gains from selection at this scale. Only lactic acid and sucrose were acurately predictive at the 0.2-g scale, limiting its utility. Repeatability values improved with increased numbers of environments, field replications, or laboratory replications; however, this may be cost prohibitive when evaluating early-generation breeding material on a large scale, especially since the magnitude of increase in predictability diminished with each additonal unit. C1 [Walker, Carl; Kidwell, Kimberlee] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Campbell, Kimberly Garland] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Carter, Brady] Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Kidwell, K (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 219 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kidwell@wsu.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0348 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500012 ER PT J AU Campbell, BT Bowman, DT Weaver, DB AF Campbell, B. T. Bowman, D. T. Weaver, D. B. TI Heterotic effects in topcrosses of modern and obsolete cotton cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L; HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM; COMPARATIVE GROWTH; COMBINING ABILITY; UPLAND COTTON; COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE; HYBRID COTTON; FIBER-QUALITY; F2 HYBRIDS; YIELD AB Historically, reselection, pedigree, and massselection breeding methods have been used to develop open-pollinated cultivars of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). As a result, modern cotton cultivars should have accumulated additive genetic effects with time, while also possessing fewer nonadditive gene effects than obsolete cultivars. A topcross test was conducted to compare the heterotic effects of obsolete and modern cultivars for yield, yield components, and fiber quality. Significant differences were detected between heterosis values for the modern and obsolete cultivar groups for seed cotton yield, lint yield, lint percentage, and boll weight. No significant heterotic effects were detected for fiber quality. The obsolete group of cultivars showed average lint yield heterosis values of 34% compared with 23% for the modern cultivars. Both cultivar groups displayed significant,but similar heterosis values' for the number of bolls per, square meter (17 and 15%, respectively).The major yield component associated with lint yield heterosis for both groups was bolls per square meter, although boll weight heterosis also contributed to lint yield heterosis for the obsolete cultivars. Although modern cultivars produced considerable heterotic effects for yield, this study demonstrates that obsolete cultivars may provide an additional source of non-additive genetic effects that can be exploited in a hybrid production system. C1 [Campbell, B. T.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Bowman, D. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 28796 USA. [Weaver, D. B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Campbell, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM todd.campbell@ars.usda.gov OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0362 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500022 ER PT J AU Cardinal, AJ Dewey, RE Burton, JW AF Cardinal, Andrea J. Dewey, Ralph E. Burton, Joseph W. TI Estimating the individual effects of the reduced palmitic acid fap(nc) and fap1 alleles on agronomic traits in two soybean populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED OIL; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; SELECTION; MUTANTS; LINES AB Major fap alleles that reduce palmitate content in soybean [Glycin max (L.) Merr.] seed oil also can reduce seed yield. One of these alleles, fap(nc), has been shown to be a deletion in the gmFATB1a can be used to test precisely if the fap(nc) allele has an effect on agronomic traits. The objectives of this study were to determine if the segregation of the fap(nc) allele explained a significant amount of genetic variation in several agronomic traits; to determine if the fap1 allele or minor palmitate genes have an effect on agronomic traits; and to confirm if GmFATB1a maps to the distal region on linkage group A1. GmFATB1a-specific primers were used to genotype lines from two populations segregating for fap(nc), fap1, and fan alleles and modifier genes. The fap(nc) allele explained a significant portion of the genetic variation in seed yield, plant height, protein content, and stearic acid content in both population. After removing the effect of fap(nc) from the model, the genetic correlation between palmitate and yield was significant in one population but not significant between palmitate and height, indicating that fap1 has a small but significant effect on seed yield but no effect on plant height. The fap1 and/or modifier genes significantly affected stearic acid content. GmFATB1a mapped 20 cM distal to Satt684 on linkage group A1. Breeding efforts did not totally eliminate the negative influence of the fap(nc) allele on seed yield plant height. C1 [Cardinal, Andrea J.; Dewey, Ralph E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burton, Joseph W.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Cardinal, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM andrea_cardinal@ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0251 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500027 ER PT J AU Bachlava, E Dewey, RE Auclair, J Wang, S Burton, JW Cardinal, AJ AF Bachlava, Eleni Dewey, Ralph E. Auclair, Jerome Wang, Sanbao Burton, Joseph W. Cardinal, Andrea J. TI Mapping genes encoding microsomal omega-6 desaturase enzymes and their cosegregation with QTL affecting oleate content in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; SEED OIL; LINKAGE MAP; SELECTION; REGISTRATION; STABILITY; GENOME; LINES AB The microsomal omega-6 desaturase enzymes, which catalyze the desaturation of oleic acid to linoleic acid during fatty acid biosynthesis, are encoded by the FAD2-1 and FAD2-2 genes in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Breeders aim to incorporate the high-oleate trait into soybean germplasm in order to improve the nutritional value and oxidative stability of soybean oil. The objectives of this study were to map the isoforms of the FAD2-1 and FAD2-2 genes and investigate the association of these genetic loci with the oleate phenotype in three populations segregating for oleate content. The populations were grown in replicated multienvironment field trials. According to linkage analysis conducted for two of the populations, FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B mapped on Linkage Groups 0 and 1, respectively, while the closely linked FAD2-2A and FAD2-2B isoforms mapped on Linkage Group L. Oleate quantitative trait loci with minor effects were detected in the proximity of FAD24B and possibly FAD2-2B on Linkage Groups I and L. Quantitative trait loci affecting maturity were also detected on chromosomal regions adjacent to the FAD2 genes. The genotyping assays developed for the FAD2-1A, FAD24B, and FAD2-2B isoforms, as well as their linked simple sequence repeat markers, can be used in soybean breeding programs for the elevation of oleic acid seed content through marker-assisted selection. C1 [Bachlava, Eleni; Dewey, Ralph E.; Auclair, Jerome; Wang, Sanbao; Cardinal, Andrea J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burton, Joseph W.] USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Bachlava, E (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ebachla@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 640 EP 650 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.07.0381 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500028 ER PT J AU White, JW Herndl, M Hunt, LA Payne, TS Hoogenboom, G AF White, Jeffrey W. Herndl, Markus Hunt, L. A. Payne, Thomas S. Hoogenboom, Gerrit TI Simulation-based analysis of effects of Vrn and Ppd loci on flowering in wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-SILICO PLANT; PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS; ALLELIC VARIATION; CROP SIMULATION; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; WATER-DEFICIT; TIME GENES; MODEL; VERNALIZATION; GROWTH AB Cereal production is strongly influenced by flowering date. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) models simulate days to flower by assuming that development is modified by vernalization and photoperiodism. Cultivar differences are parameterized by vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, and earliness per se. The parameters are usually estimated by comparing simulations with field observations but appear estimable from genetic information. For wheat, the Vrn and Ppd loci, which affect vernalization and photoperiodism, were logical candidates for estimating parameters in the model CSM-Cropsim-CERES. Two parameters were estimated conventionally and then re-estimated with linear effects of Vrn and Ppd. Flowering data were obtained for 29 cultivars from international nurseries and divided into calibration (14 locations) and evaluation (34 locations) sets. Simulations with a generic cultivar explained 95% of variation in flowering for calibration data (10 d RMSE) and 89% for evaluation data (10 d RMSE), indicating the large effect of environment. Nonetheless, for the calibration data, the gene-based model explained 29% of remaining variation, and the conventional model, 54%. For the evaluation data, the gene-based model explained 17% of remaining variation, and the conventional model, 27%. Gene-based prediction of wheat phenology appears feasible, but more extensive genetic characterization of cultivars is needed. C1 [White, Jeffrey W.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Herndl, Markus] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res 340, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Hunt, L. A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Payne, Thomas S.] CIMMYT, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Hoogenboom, Gerrit] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Biol & Agr, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 55 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 678 EP 687 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0318 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500032 ER PT J AU Heyduck, RF Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Graybosch, RA AF Heyduck, R. F. Baltensperger, D. D. Nelson, L. A. Graybosch, R. A. TI Yield and agronomic traits of waxy proso in the central great plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Proso (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a summer annual grass capable of producing seed in 60 to 90 d. This characteristic, and its efficient use of water, makes it well suited to the short, and often hot and dry, growing season in the high plains of the central Great Plains. The introduction of novel end-use characteristics such as waxy starch can stimulate an increased market for proso. We evaluated 18 experimental F-5 waxy lines derived from a cross of 'Huntsman' and PI436626 across seven locations. Genotype x environment variation in waxy proso was mostly a matter of changes in magnitude and not corssover interaction. When crossover interaction was implicated, it was generally slight and occurred at lower environmental means-at locations with low mean response to any given variable. Waxy progeny mean yield was lower than Huntsman but significantly higher than PI436626. Expect for test weight, waxy progeny mean response for most traits was similar to check cultivars. Mean yield of one experimental line did not differ significantly from Huntsman, and 14 did not differ significantly from 'Horizon', the second highest yielding cultivar. In addition, regression analysis suggests that top-yielding waxy lines responded well to high-yield environments. Seed sizes for all waxy lines were smaller than the check line, but most were significantly larger than PI436626. Waxy lines generally headed at a similar time to Huntsman and the other nonwaxy check, and most were significantly earlier than PI436626. Late maturity of PI436626 was the main factor limiting its culture in the High Plains region. C1 [Heyduck, R. F.; Nelson, L. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Baltensperger, D. D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Graybosch, R. A.] USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Heyduck, RF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Farmington Agr Sci Ctr, POB 1081, Farmington, NM 87499 USA. EM rheyduck@nmsu.eau NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.02.0081 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500038 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Brink, GE Martin, NP Undersander, DJ AF Coblentz, W. K. Brink, G. E. Martin, N. P. Undersander, D. J. TI Harvest timing effects on estimates of rumen degradable protein from alfalfa forages SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; SITU DRY-MATTER; IN-SITU; FIBER DEGRADATION; RUMINANT FEEDS; RED-CLOVER; HAY; NITROGEN; QUALITY; STANDARDIZATION AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) proteins ingested by dairy cows typically degrade at rapid rates and exhibit extensive ruminal degradability. Although the effects of conservation method (hay or silage) on these characteristics have been evaluated extensively, agronomic factors, such as harvest timing, have not. Our objective was to quantify rumen degradable protein (RDP) for 'Affinity' alfalfa harvested over a range of ages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 d following Stage 2) within each of four harvest periods (spring, early and late summer, and fall). For 2004, there were no interactions (P >= 0.372) between harvest period and days within harvest period for any protein component. Crude protein (CP), neutral-detergent soluble CP (NDSCP; g kg(-1) dry matter [DM]), and RDP (g kg(-1) DM) declined in a quadratic (P <= 0.026) relationship with days following Stage 2. A quadratic (P = 0.002) pattern also was observed for rumen unclegradable protein (RUP), but the overall range was small (60.4-66.5 g kg(-1) DM). On a CP basis, RDP declined linearly (P < 0.001) from 720 to 659 g kg(-1) CP during 2004. For 2005, there were interactions (P <= 0.020) of harvest period and days within period for all protein-related response variables, but trends over time within each harvest period generally were similar to those observed in 2004. Overall, RDP declined as alfalfa plants aged within harvest period, but these responses were due pri marily to reduced concentrations of CP within the cell-soluble fraction. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, Diary Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Brink, G. E.; Martin, N. P.] USDA ARS, Diary Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Undersander, D. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Diary Forage Res Ctr, 8396 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 778 EP 788 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0310 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500043 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Northup, BK AF Rao, S. C. Northup, B. K. TI Forage and grain soybean effects on soil water content and use efficiency SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; WHEAT; REGISTRATION AB Growing legumes in the southern Great Plains (SGP) during fallow periods between (Triticum aestivum L.) crops can protect soil, add N to soil, and supply high-quality summer forage. This study determined the water used, water use efficiency (WUE), and soil water depletion of forage (n=3) and grain (n=1) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars on silt loam soils following winter wheat harvest during the 2003 to 2005 summer growing season. Interactions (P < 0.001) in soil water content occurred between sampling date, cultivars, and years. More soil water was recorded under soybean in 2003 than 2004 or 2005, but was lower than in fallow plots. Year effects (P < 0.05) were recorded for standing crop, water used, and WUE. While cultivar effects were not significant P > 0.10). All cultivars used 2.0 to 2.5 times more water in 2004 and 2005 that 2003 (driest year). Forage production in 2003 (3034 kg ha(-1)) was 55% lower than in 2004 and 2005. Higher WUE (kg ha(-1) mm(-1)) was recorded in 2004 (16.0) than 2003 (13.2) or 2005 (10.9). Incorporating soybean into fallow periods following wheat generally limits the amount of soil water available for fall production of wheat forage in the SGP. C1 [Rao, S. C.; Northup, B. K.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Srinivas.rao@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0423 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500044 ER PT J AU Zhang, TJ Wang, XU Han, JU Wang, YW Mao, PS Majerus, M AF Zhang, Tiejun Wang, Xianguo Han, Jianguo Wang, Yunwen Mao, Peisheng Majerus, Mark TI Effects of between-row and within-row spacing on alfalfa seed yields SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUCERNE MEDICAGO-SATIVA; ENVIRONMENT; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; COMPONENTS; QUALITY; SET AB Proper between-row and within-row spacing is essential for optimizing alfalfa seed yields and stand longevity. Using three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars (WL232HQ, Derby, and Algonquin), we conducted a field study from 2004 to 2007 to evaluate the effects of three between-row spacing treatments (60, 80, and 100 cm) and four within-row spacing treatments (15, 30, 45, and 60 cm) on seed yield, seed yield components, plant height, basal stem diameter, and lodging. Our hypothesis was that the intermediate between-row and within-row spacing would gradually improve seed yields in later years. The highest seed yields were obtained with 60-cm between-row spacing and 15-cm within-row spacing in 2004, but with 80-cm between-row spacing and 30-cm within-row spacing in 2006 and 2007. The significant year x between-row spacing and year x within-row spacing interactions for seed yield indicated that 80-cm between-row spacing and 30-cm within-row spacing produced the best seed yields as years advanced, and our results confirmed this. With the increase of within-row spacing, stems per square meter decreased, while racemes per stem increased significantly. The effects of between-row and within-row spacing on seeds per pod, however, were not significant in four years. The results suggest that 80-cm between-row spacing and 30-cm within-row spacing can decrease the risk of lodging and optimize seed yields in the third and fourth harvest years. C1 [Zhang, Tiejun; Wang, Xianguo; Han, Jianguo; Wang, Yunwen; Mao, Peisheng] China Agr Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Majerus, Mark] USDA, Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. RP Han, JU (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM jianguohan2058@126.com RI Wang, Yunwen/N-4758-2014 OI Wang, Yunwen/0000-0003-3432-0603 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 794 EP 803 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0340 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500045 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH AF Grabber, John H. TI Mechanical maceration divergently shifts protein degradability in condensed-tannin vs. o-quinone containing conserved forages SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COWS FED ALFALFA; RED-CLOVER; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; ENSILED ALFALFA; LEGUME FORAGES; DAIRY-COWS; PROTEOLYSIS; SILAGE AB Conditioning and conservation methods may interact with polyphenols to alter forage crude protein (CP) solubility and degradability. In this study, forages with similar to 200 g CP kg(-1) dry matter were roll conditioned or macerated, conserved as hay or silage, and then analyzed for CP fractions. Shifting from roll conditioning to maceration of polyphenol-free alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) reduced buffer soluble protein (SP) with little effect on protease rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and intestinal available protein (IAP, RUP minus acid-detergent insoluble CP). In birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), condensed tannin (CT) and maceration independently reduced SP and increased RUP to yield up to 62% more IAP in hay and 145% more IAP in silage than alfalfa. Based on results with trefoil, roll-conditioned forage with 70 to 120 g CT kg-1 CP or macerated forage with more modest CT levels should meet a 350 g RUP kg-1 CP target to support 35 kg d(-1) milk yield by cattle. In roll-conditioned red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), o-quinones formed by polyphenol oxidase reduced SP and increased RUP to yield 50% more IAP in hay and 88% more IAP in silage than alfalfa. Surprisingly, maceration reduced SP, RUP, and IAP in clover. Following maceration, RUP and IAP in conserved clover and trefoil responded similarly to CT, suggesting that maceration disabled o-quinone protection of protein substrates. Although red clover has high. RUP, low reported milk yields indicate o-quinones might depress IAP. C1 USDA ARS, US Diary Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Diary Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM John.Grabber@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 804 EP 813 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0461 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286OP UT WOS:000254855500046 ER PT J AU Garvin, DF Gu, YQ Hasterok, R Hazen, SP Jenkins, G Mockler, TC Mur, LAJ Vogel, JP AF Garvin, David F. Gu, Yong-Qiang Hasterok, Robert Hazen, Samuel P. Jenkins, Glyn Mockler, Todd C. Mur, Luis A. J. Vogel, John P. TI Development of genetic and genomic research resources for Brachypodium distachyon, a new model system for grass crop research SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; POLYPLOID WHEAT; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ORYZA-SATIVA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT AB Gross crop genomics research frequently is hindered by large genome sizes and polyploidy. While rice is an attractive system for gross genomics due to its small genome size and available genome sequence, it is not particularly well-suited as a robust model system for all gross crops. The wild gross species Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. (Brachypodium) has recently gained favor as a new model system for grass crop genomics research because it possesses a suite of biological traits desired in a model system. Further, it is more closely related to the large and diverse group of cool season grass crops than is either rice (Oryza sativa L.) or sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.], the second gross crop species whose genome has been sequenced. Thus, by virtue both of its biological attributes and its evolutionary history, Brachypodium fills an important gap in gross crop genomics research. A surge in interest in Brachypodium has led to rapid and significant advances in the acquisition of knowledge and development of resources needed to exploit this species as a model system, including. the impending completion of a draft nuclear genome sequence of Brachypodium. Integration of diverse genetic and genomic resources developed or under development for Brachypodium with the genome sequence will encourage further adoption of this species as a bono fide model plant system. C1 [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gu, Yong-Qiang] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gen Discovery Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hasterok, Robert] Silesian Univ, Fac Biol & Environm Protect, Dept Plant Anat & Cytol, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland. [Hazen, Samuel P.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jenkins, Glyn; Mur, Luis A. J.] Univ Wales, Inst Biol Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Ceredigion, Wales. [Mockler, Todd C.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM garvi007@umn.edu RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013; OI Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 NR 86 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 37 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 48 SU 1 BP S69 EP S84 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0332tpg PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287YA UT WOS:000254951500007 ER PT J AU Graham, MA Silverstein, KAT VandenBosch, KA AF Graham, Michelle A. Silverstein, Kevin A. T. VandenBosch, Kathryn A. TI Defensin-like genes: Genomic perspectives on a diverse superfamily in plants SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; BRASSICA SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; SALICYLIC-ACID; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY AB Defensins represent a diverse set of antimicrobial peptides found in almost all multicellular organisms. These small proteins can be characterized by an N-terminal signal sequence, a highly divergent mature protein with the exception of conserved cysteine residues, presence of defensin motifs, and a tissue-specific expression pattern. Defensin expression can be induced by pathogen inoculation and environmental stress. Until recently, defensins in plants were thought to be members of small gene families. However, the advent of expressed sequence tag (EST) and genome sequencing coupled with novel bioinformatic techniques has allowed researchers to recognize the size and diversity of the family. Recent research has identified over 300 defensin-like (DEFL) genes in each of the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and Medicago truncatula Gaertner. In addition, over 1000 DEFL genes have been identified from the plant EST projects. The identification of such a broad family involved in defense against pathogens and environmental stress provides new opportunities for crop improvement. This review focuses on genome level analyses of DEFL genes in plants. C1 [Graham, Michelle A.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Silverstein, Kevin A. T.; VandenBosch, Kathryn A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Graham, MA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM magraham@iastate.edu NR 81 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 48 SU 1 BP S3 EP S11 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.04.0236tpg PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287YA UT WOS:000254951500002 ER PT J AU Klein, RR Mullet, JE Jordan, DR Miller, FR Rooney, WL Menz, MA Franks, CD Klein, PE AF Klein, Robert R. Mullet, John E. Jordan, David R. Miller, Frederick R. Rooney, William L. Menz, Monica A. Franks, Cleve D. Klein, Patricia E. TI The effect of tropical sorghum conversion and inbred development on genome diversity as revealed by high-resolution genotyping SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; LABORATORY MICE; SSR MARKERS; MAP; SELECTION; GRASSES; RECOMBINATION; CONSERVATION; INHERITANCE AB Graphical genotypes have been generated for a set of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm, which includes selected public inbreds, germplasm from the world collection, and ancestral lines central to the early breeding efforts of sorghum. We have focused our present examination on sorghum chromosome SBI-06, which encodes mal and dw(2), two genes critical to sorghum improvement dating to the original introduction of tropical sorghums into the United States. Utilizing the pedigree relationship between sorghum cultivars, the patterns of genetic variation were detailed within segmental chromosomal blocks of SBI-06. Segmental genomic blocks were traced back through multiple generations of a pedigree, often back to founder tropical accessions. The graphical genotypes reveal genomic signatures of historical breeding decisions, especially evidence of directional selection during the conversion of tropical accessions to temperate adaptation. This information is central to our efforts to understand those crop improvement processes that have shaped the genomic diversity of elite sorghum cultivars. C1 [Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, Robert R.] USDA ARS SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Mullet, John E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jordan, David R.] Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Hermitage Res Stn, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. [Miller, Frederick R.] MMR Genet Inc, Vega, TX 79072 USA. [Rooney, William L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Menz, Monica A.] Syngenta Seeds SAS, F-31700 Beauzelle, France. [Franks, Cleve D.] USDA ARS PSGDR, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Klein, PE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pklein@tamu.edu RI Jordan, David/A-7103-2011 OI Jordan, David/0000-0002-8128-1304 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 48 SU 1 BP S12 EP S26 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0319tpg PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287YA UT WOS:000254951500003 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM Rodriguez, F Polgar, Z Ballard, LE Jansky, SH AF Spooner, David M. Rodriguez, Flor Polgar, Zsolt Ballard, Lharvey E., Jr. Jansky, Shelley H. TI Genomic origins of potato polyploids: GBSSI gene sequencing data SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; CHLOROPLAST DNA EVIDENCE; TUBER-BEARING SOLANUMS; WILD POTATOES; NUCLEAR GENES; SERIES RELATIONSHIPS; SPECIES BOUNDARIES; DIPLOID POTATOES AB Chromosome pairing relationships within cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) and its wild tuber-bearing relatives (Solanum sect. Petota) hove been interpreted by genome formulas, developed in the early 1900s, through techniques of classic meiotic analysis of interspecific hybrids. Here we reexamine potato genome hypotheses with the first phylogenetic analysis of all major genomes of sect. Petota using cloned DNA sequences of the single-copy nuclear gene GBSSI (waxy). Our results provide the first molecular confirmation of allopolyploidy in wild potato. They both support prior hypotheses and identify novel genome origins never before proposed. The data will be useful to help design crossing strategies to incorporate wild species germplasm into cultivated potato. C1 [Spooner, David M.; Rodriguez, Flor; Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Polgar, Zsolt] Univ Pannonia, Ctr Agr Sci, Potato Res Ctr, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary. [Ballard, Lharvey E., Jr.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 48 SU 1 BP S27 EP S36 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.09.0504tpg PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287YA UT WOS:000254951500004 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Waddell, J Bonnart, R Towill, L Ellis, D Luffman, M AF Volk, G. M. Waddell, J. Bonnart, R. Towill, L. Ellis, D. Luffman, M. TI High viability of dormant Malus buds after 10 years of storage in liquid nitrogen vapour SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE apple; cryopreservation; genetic resources; genebank ID APPLE BUDS; VEGETATIVE BUDS; SHOOT TIPS; CRYOPRESERVATION; DEHYDRATION; GERMPLASM; WATER AB Three hundred and sixty two Malus accessions from the Canadian Clonal Genebank of Plant Gene Resources of Canada were cryopreserved as dormant buds at the USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation in 1996. According to grafting data collected on 165 of these accessions in 1999, 80% of the accessions had at least 40% viability. A subsample of these accessions was processed for cryopreservation by either adjusting the moisture content of the budwood sections containing dormant buds to 32 or 37% moisture (fresh weight basis) or by not drying the budwood sections (46% moisture fresh weight basis) prior to cooling. Budwood sections were then slow-cooled at VC h(-1) to -30 degrees C, held for 24 h at -30 degrees C and then rapidly transferred to the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen. Cryopreserved buds from 13 accessions that were dried using the various techniques were warmed and grafted in both 1999 and 2006 to determine viability. Overall, bud viability was high at both storage times. At the 10 year timepoint, some accessions had higher bud growth when they were desiccated prior to slow-cooling when compared to those that were not. C1 [Volk, G. M.; Waddell, J.; Bonnart, R.; Towill, L.; Ellis, D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Luffman, M.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Clonal Genebank, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 307NS UT WOS:000256326200001 PM 18516339 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR King, RA AF McLaughlin, Michael R. King, Rodney A. TI Characterization of Salmonella bacteriophages isolated from swine lagoon effluent SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PHAGE THERAPY; BIOCONTROL; CONTAMINATION; CHICKENS; BACTERIA; REAGENT; AGENTS AB Four Salmonella bacteriophages that had been originally isolated from swine manure lagoons were characterized and compared to each other and to well-known Salmonella phages P22 and Felix 01. Host ranges of the lagoon phages were similar to each other in spot tests on reference strains of Salmonella, but differed slightly from each other on a panel of Salmonella lagoon strains. In single-step growth at 35 degrees C the lagoon phages had latent periods of 15 to 20 min and burst sizes from 100 to 230. The lagoon phages and P22 were purified by cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient centrifugation and used to produce specific antisera and DNA. The lagoon phages were indistinguishable from each other but distinct from P22 and Felix 01 in immunodiffusion and infectivity neutralization tests and in restriction digest analysis. C1 [McLaughlin, Michael R.] USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [King, Rodney A.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Highway,12 E,PO Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mike.mclaughlin@ars.usda.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [2P20RR-16481] NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s00284-007-9057-9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 259XU UT WOS:000252975000002 PM 17994263 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann TI A gene having sequence homology to isoamyl alcohol oxidase is transcribed during patulin production in Penicillium griseofulvum SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOEPOXYDON DEHYDROGENASE GENE; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENES; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; PATHWAY; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPANSUM; ZEARALENONE; PATTERNS; URTICAE; CLONING AB The genes for the patulin biosynthetic pathway are most likely arranged in a cluster, as is often the case for other mycotoxins. With this in mind, GeneWalking has been performed to identify genes both upstream and downstream of the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (idh) gene. A gene present in Penicillium griseofulvum NRRL 2159A had high sequence homology to the isoamyl alcohol oxidase (iao) gene and was detected downstream of the idh gene and in the same orientation. By virtue of the presence of a signal peptide sequence, the newly identified gene coded for a secreted protein with an FAD-binding domain and potential for N-glycosylation. An open reading frame consisted of 1946 nucleotides, containing four putative introns and encoding a 22 amino acid signal peptide. The 571 amino acid mature protein contained nine cysteine residues and had 11 potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Searches using GenBank indicated that Aspergillus terreus, A. oryzae, A. fumigatus, and Gibberella zeae contain genes coding for a putative isoamyl alcohol oxidase. When the translated query was compared with the translated database, the highest scores were seen with A. clavatus (E value of 0.00), A. fumigatus (E value of 8e(-142)), and A. oryzae and A. terreus (each having an E value of 2e(-141)). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that the iao gene was transcribed. The amplified products were sequenced for confirmation of their identities. This is the first report of an isoamyl alcohol oxidase gene in a species of the genus Penicillium. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM MaryAnn.DombrinkKurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s00284-007-9061-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 259XU UT WOS:000252975000005 PM 18000703 ER PT J AU Halling, SM Jensen, AE Olsen, SC AF Halling, Shirley M. Jensen, Allen E. Olsen, Steven C. TI Defensin susceptibility and colonization in the mouse model of AJ100, a polymyxin B-resistant, Brucella abortus RB51 isolate SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERICIDAL CATIONIC PEPTIDES; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MICE; COUNTERPARTS; SURVIVAL AB Intracellular pathogens selected for increased susceptibility to polycations are commonly attenuated, yet the effect of decreased susceptibility to polycations on pathogenicity has not been researched. The polymyxin-resistant mutant Brucella abortus AJ100 was characterized by comparing its susceptibility to the polycationic antibiotic polymyxin B, defensins, and lactoferricin, and its colonization and clearance in the mouse model to the parent strain RB51. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values determined by Etest for AJ100 and RB51 were 1.5 and 0.25 mu g/ml, respectively. Though AJ100 is less susceptible to polymyxin B than RB51, it was more susceptible than its parent strain to the cationic defensins melittin, magainin 2, and cecropin P1. In the mouse model, initial colonization of the spleen was lower for AJ100 than RB51, and the rate of clearance from the spleen was faster for AJ100 than RB51. However, initial colonization and clearance rates of AJ100 from the liver were indistinguishable from those of RB51. This study suggests that the susceptibility profile of Brucella to polycationic defensins rather than polymyxin B may be indicative of differential survival in the spleen and liver in the mouse and is indicative of spleen and liver residential macrophages' differing ability to inactivate Brucella. C1 [Halling, Shirley M.; Jensen, Allen E.; Olsen, Steven C.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Halling, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave N,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Shirley.Halling@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 274 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s00284-007-9074-8 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 259XU UT WOS:000252975000013 PM 18214602 ER PT J AU Ricklefs, RE Guo, QF Qian, H AF Ricklefs, Robert E. Guo, Qinfeng Qian, Hong TI Growth form and distribution of introduced plants in their native and non-native ranges in Eastern Asia and North America SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; Eastern Asia; invasibility; invasion resistance; native vs; exotic ranges; North America; wetland vs; upland habitat ID ALIEN PLANTS; SEED SIZE; TEMPERATE FLORAS; INVASIVE PLANTS; RESIDENCE TIME; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATISM; DETERMINANTS; ATTRIBUTES AB There is a growing interest in understanding the influence of plant traits on their ability to spread in non-native regions. Many studies addressing this issue have been based on relatively small areas or restricted taxonomic groups. Here, we analyse a large data base involving 1567 plant species introduced between Eastern Asia and North America or from elsewhere to both regions. We related the extent of species distributions in each region to growth form and the distinction between upland and wetland habitats. We identified significant relationships between geographical distribution and plant traits in both native and exotic ranges as well as regional differences in the relationships. Range size was larger for herbaceous graminoids and forbs, especially annuals compared to perennials, than for woody species, and range size also was larger for plants of wetland compared to upland habitats. Distributions were more extensive in North America than in Eastern Asia, although native plants from both regions had broader distributions than non-natives, with exotics from elsewhere intermediate. Growth form and environment explained more of the variance in distribution of plants in North America than in Eastern Asia. The influence of growth form and habitat on distribution suggests that these traits might be related to tolerance of ecological conditions. In addition, the smaller extents of species in non-native compared to native areas suggest roles for dispersal limitation and adaptation to region-specific ecological conditions in determining distribution. C1 [Ricklefs, Robert E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Qian, Hong] Illinois State Mus, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. RP Ricklefs, RE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM ricklefs@umsl.edu RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00457.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259UN UT WOS:000252966500024 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Fletcher, RJ AF Pearson, Dean E. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. TI Mitigating exotic impacts: Restoring deer mouse populations elevated by an exotic food subsidy SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Centaurea maculosa; community ecology; demography; exotic species; food limitation; movement; Peromyscus maniculatus; population biology; spotted knapweed; survival; Urophora spp. ID KNAPWEED CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; INVASIVE PLANTS; SMALL MAMMALS; UROPHORA-AFFINIS; FOREST HERBICIDE; MARKED ANIMALS; UNITED-STATES; EXTRA FOOD AB The threat posed by exotic organisms to native systems has led to extensive research on exotic invaders, yet management of invasives has progressed relatively slowly. This is partly due to poor understanding of how exotic species management influences native organisms. To address this shortfall, we experimentally evaluated the efficacy of an invasives management tool for restoring native deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) populations elevated by exotic species. The exotic insects, Urophora spp., were introduced in North America for biological control of the Eurasian invader, spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), but instead of controlling C. maculosa, Urophora have become an important food resource that doubles P. maniculatus populations, with substantial indirect effects on other organisms. We hypothesized that herbicide suppression of Urophora's host plant would reduce the Urophora food resource and restore P. maniculatus populations to natural levels. Prior to treatment, mouse populations did not differ between controls and treatments, but following treatment, P. maniculatus were half as abundant where treatment reduced Urophora. Peromyscus maniculatus is insensitive to direct herbicide effects, and herbicide-induced habitat changes could not explain the P. maniculatus response. Treatment-induced reductions of the Urophora food resource offered the most parsimonious explanation for the mouse response. Multistate mark-recapture models indicated that P. maniculatus survival declined where Urophora were removed, and survival rates were more correlated with variation in population size than movement rates. Other demographic and reproductive parameters (sex ratios, reproductive status, pregnancy rates, and juvenile recruitment) were unaffected by treatment. These results suggest the Urophora biocontrol elevated P. maniculatus survival, and the herbicide treatment restored mouse populations by removing the exotic food and reducing survival. This work illustrates the importance of mechanistic understandings of community and population ecology for improving invasive species management. C1 [Pearson, Dean E.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Pearson, Dean E.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us OI Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 NR 70 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1890/07-0766.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294WQ UT WOS:000255437400004 PM 18488599 ER PT J AU Ren, H Jian, SG Lu, HF Zhang, QM Shen, WJ Han, WD Yin, ZY Guo, QF AF Ren, Hai Jian, Shuguang Lu, Hongfang Zhang, Qianmei Shen, Weijun Han, Weidong Yin, Zuoyun Guo, Qinfeng TI Restoration of mangrove plantations and colonisation by native species in Leizhou bay, South China SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE competitive exclusion; mangrove; ecosystem restoration; invasive species; Sonneratia apetala AB To examine the natural colonisation of native mangrove species into remediated exotic mangrove stands in Leizhou Bay, South China, we compared soil physical-chemical properties, community structure and recruitments of barren mangrove areas, native mangrove species plantations, and exotic mangrove species-Sonneratia apetala Buch.Ham-between plantations and natural forest. We found that severely degraded mangrove stands could not regenerate naturally without human intervention due to severely altered local environments, whereas some native species had been recruited into the 4-10 year S. apetala plantations. In the first 10 years, the exotic species S. apetala grew better than native species such as Rhizophora stylosa Griff and Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce. The mangrove plantation gradually affected soil physical and chemical properties during its recovery. The exotic S. apetala was more competitive than native species and its plantation was able to restore soil organic matter in about 14 years. Thus, S. apetala can be considered as a pioneer species to improve degraded habitats to facilitate recolonisation by native mangrove species. However, removal to control proliferation may be needed at late stages to facilitate growth of native species. To ensure sustainability of mangroves in South China, the existing mangrove wetlands must be managed as an ecosystem, with long-term scientific monitoring program in place. C1 [Ren, Hai; Jian, Shuguang; Lu, Hongfang; Zhang, Qianmei; Shen, Weijun; Yin, Zuoyun] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Heshan Natl Filed Res Stn Forest Ecosyst, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. [Han, Weidong] Guangdong Ocean Univ, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinfeng] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Heshan Natl Filed Res Stn Forest Ecosyst, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn RI Shen, Weijun/G-2942-2010 OI Shen, Weijun/0000-0001-7574-8839 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 40 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s11284-007-0393-9 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270BY UT WOS:000253696100019 ER PT J AU Heyerdahl, EK Morgan, P Riser, JP AF Heyerdahl, Emily K. Morgan, Penelope Riser, James P., II TI Multi-season climate synchronized historical fires in dry forests (1650-1900), northern Rockies, USA SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; fire history; fire scars; Idaho; Montana; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Palmer Drought Severity Index; spring; summer; temperature ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; SNOWPACK; WILDFIRE; DROUGHT; AMERICA; TELECONNECTIONS; PRECIPITATION AB Our objective was to infer the climate drivers of regionally synchronous. re years in dry forests of the U. S. northern Rockies in Idaho and western Montana. During our analysis period (1650 - 1900), we reconstructed. res from 9245. re scars on 576 trees ( mostly ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) at 21 sites and compared them to existing tree-ring reconstructions of climate ( temperature and the Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI]) and large-scale climate patterns that affect modern spring climate in this region ( El Nino-Southern Oscillation [ENSO] and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO]). We identified 32 regional-fire years as those with five or more sites with. re. Fires were remarkably widespread during such years, including one year ( 1748) in which. res were recorded at 10 sites across what are today seven national forests plus one site on state land. During regional-fire years, spring - summers were significantly warm and summers were significantly warm-dry whereas the opposite conditions prevailed during the 99 years when no. res were recorded at any of our sites (no-fire years). Climate in prior years was not significantly associated with regional-or no-fire years. Years when. re was recorded at only a few of our sites occurred under a broad range of climate conditions, highlighting the fact that the regional climate drivers of. re are most evident when. res are synchronized across a large area. No-fire years tended to occur during La Nina years, which tend to have anomalously deep snowpacks in this region. However, ENSO was not a significant driver of regional-fire years, consistent with the greater influence of La Nina than El Nino conditions on the spring climate of this region. PDO was not a significant driver of past. re, despite being a strong driver of modern spring climate and modern regional-fire years in the northern Rockies. C1 [Heyerdahl, Emily K.; Riser, James P., II] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mountain Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Morgan, Penelope] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Heyerdahl, EK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mountain Res Stn, 5775 US W Highway 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM eheyerdahl@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 705 EP 716 DI 10.1890/06-2047.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284AS UT WOS:000254678200012 PM 18459334 ER PT J AU Morgan, P Heyerdahl, EK Gibson, CE AF Morgan, Penelope Heyerdahl, Emily K. Gibson, Carly E. TI Multi-season climate synchronized forest fires throughout the 20th century, northern Rockies, USA SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate variability; digital polygon fire history; ENSO; fire atlas; Idaho; Montana; PDO; precipitation; season; temperature ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; MOUNTAIN WILDERNESS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WILDFIRE; SNOWPACK; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT; REGIMES AB We inferred climate drivers of 20th-century years with regionally synchronous forest. res in the U. S. northern Rockies. We derived annual fire extent from an existing fire atlas that includes 5038 fire polygons recorded from 12 070 086 ha, or 71% of the forested land in Idaho and Montana west of the Continental Divide. The 11 regional-fire years, those exceeding the 90th percentile in annual fire extent from 1900 to 2003 (> 102314 ha or similar to 1% of the. re atlas recording area), were concentrated early and late in the century ( six from 1900 to 1934 and five from 1988 to 2003). During both periods, regional-fire years were ones when warm springs were followed by warm, dry summers and also when the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) was positive. Spring snowpack was likely reduced during warm springs and when PDO was positive, resulting in longer. re seasons. Regional-fire years did not vary with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or with climate in antecedent years. The long mid-20th century period lacking regional-fire years (1935 - 1987) had generally cool springs, generally negative PDO, and a lack of extremely dry summers; also, this was a period of active. re suppression. The climate drivers of regionally synchronous. re that we inferred are congruent with those of previous centuries in this region, suggesting a strong influence of spring and summer climate on. re activity throughout the 20th century despite major land-use change and. re suppression efforts. The relatively cool, moist climate during the mid-century gap in regional-fire years likely contributed to the success of. re suppression during that period. In every regional-fire year, fires burned across a range of vegetation types. Given our results and the projections for warmer springs and continued warm, dry summers, forests of the U. S. northern Rockies are likely to experience synchronous, large fires in the future. C1 [Morgan, Penelope; Gibson, Carly E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Heyerdahl, Emily K.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mountain Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Morgan, P (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM pmorgan@uidaho.edu NR 52 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 717 EP 728 DI 10.1890/06-2049.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284AS UT WOS:000254678200013 PM 18459335 ER PT J AU Berger, KM Gese, EM Berger, J AF Berger, Kim Murray Gese, Eric M. Berger, Joel TI Indirect effects and traditional trophic cascades: A test involving wolves, coyotes, and pronghorn SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; Canis latrans; Canis lupus; carnivore competition; mesopredator release hypothesis; predator - prey; Program MARK ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; HOME-RANGE; PREDATION; EXTINCTION; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY; PREY AB The traditional trophic cascades model is based on consumer - resource interactions at each link in a food chain. However, trophic-level interactions, such as mesocarnivore release resulting from intraguild predation, may also be important mediators of cascades. From September 2001 to August 2004, we used spatial and seasonal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to evaluate whether mesopredator release of coyotes ( Canis latrans), resulting from the extirpation of wolves ( Canis lupus), accounts for high rates of coyote predation on pronghorn ( Antilocapra americana) fawns observed in some areas. Results of this ecological perturbation in wolf densities, coyote densities, and pronghorn neonatal survival at wolf-free and wolf-abundant sites support the existence of a species-level trophic cascade. That wolves precipitated a trophic cascade was evidenced by fawn survival rates that were four-fold higher at sites used by wolves. A negative correlation between coyote and wolf densities supports the hypothesis that interspecific interactions between the two species facilitated the difference in fawn survival. Whereas densities of resident coyotes were similar between wolf-free and wolf-abundant sites, the abundance of transient coyotes was significantly lower in areas used by wolves. Thus, differential effects of wolves on solitary coyotes may be an important mechanism by which wolves limit coyote densities. Our results support the hypothesis that mesopredator release of coyotes contributes to high rates of coyote predation on pronghorn fawns, and demonstrate the importance of alternative food web pathways in structuring the dynamics of terrestrial systems. C1 [Berger, Kim Murray] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildlife Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Berger, Kim Murray; Berger, Joel] Univ Montana, No Rockies Field Off, Wildlife Conservat Society, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildlife Resources, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Berger, KM (reprint author), Univ Montana, No Rockies Field Off, Wildlife Conservat Society, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM kberger@wcs.org RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 70 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 16 U2 154 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 818 EP 828 DI 10.1890/07-0193.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284AS UT WOS:000254678200022 PM 18459344 ER PT J AU Park, BB Yanai, RD Fahey, TJ Bailey, SW Siccama, TG Shanley, JB Cleavitt, NL AF Park, Byung Bae Yanai, Ruth D. Fahey, Timothy J. Bailey, Scott W. Siccama, Thomas G. Shanley, James B. Cleavitt, Natalie L. TI Fine root dynamics and forest production across a calcium gradient in northern hardwood and conifer ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE aboveground biomass; aboveground production; acid rain; Cone Pond; fine root biomass; fine root turnover; fine root production; Hubbard Brook; Sleepers River ID BELOWGROUND CARBON ALLOCATION; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; BELOW-GROUND CARBON; NITROGEN-AVAILABILITY; HUBBARD-BROOK; ORGANIC-MATTER; RED SPRUCE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATE FORESTS; GLOBAL PATTERNS AB Losses of soil base cations due to acid rain have been implicated in declines of red spruce and sugar maple in the northeastern USA. We studied fine root and aboveground biomass and production in five northern hardwood and three conifer stands differing in soil Ca status at Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; and Cone Pond, NH. Neither aboveground biomass and production nor belowground biomass were related to soil Ca or Ca:Al ratios across this gradient. Hardwood stands had 37% higher aboveground biomass (P = 0.03) and 44% higher leaf litter production (P < 0.01) than the conifer stands, on average. Fine root biomass (< 2 mm in diameter) in the upper 35 cm of the soil, including the forest floor, was very similar in hardwoods and conifers (5.92 and 5.93 Mg ha(-1)). The turnover coefficient (TC) of fine roots smaller than 1 mm ranged from 0.62 to 1.86 y(-1) and increased significantly with soil exchangeable Ca (P = 0.03). As a result, calculated fine root production was clearly higher in sites with higher soil Ca (P = 0.02). Fine root production (biomass times turnover) ranged from 1.2 to 3.7 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) for hardwood stands and from 0.9 to 2.3 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) for conifer stands. The relationship we observed between soil Ca availability and root production suggests that cation depletion might lead to reduced carbon allocation to roots in these ecosystems. C1 [Park, Byung Bae; Yanai, Ruth D.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Park, Byung Bae] Korea Forest Res Inst, Div Forest Ecol, Seoul 130172, South Korea. [Fahey, Timothy J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. [Siccama, Thomas G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Yanai, RD (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 210 Marshall Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM rdyanai@syr.edu OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 66 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 325 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9126-3 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277SR UT WOS:000254235500010 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Cermak, SC Isbell, TA AF Moser, Bryan R. Cermak, Steven C. Isbell, Terry A. TI Evaluation of castor and lesquerella oil derivatives as additives in biodiesel and ultralow sulfur diesel fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ESTOLIDES; ESTERS; PETRODIESEL; COMPONENTS AB The use of petroleum-derived additives is ubiquitous in fuels production, including biodiesel (BD) and ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels. Development and employment of domestically derived, biodegradable, renewable, and nontoxic additives is an attractive goal. As such, estolides (1, 2) and 2-ethylhexyl esters (3, 4) derived from castor and lesquerella oils, due to their excellent low temperature, lubrication, and oxidation stability properties, were investigated as potential fuel additives in soybean oil methyl esters (SME), palm oil methyl esters (PME), and ULSD. With respect to SME and PME, low temperature operability improvement utilizing 1-4 at low blend ratios (<= 5 wt %) was of interest. Although 1-4 did not affect the cloud point (CP) or pour point (PP) of SME, the PP of PME was improved by 3 degrees C, indicating that 1-4 may be useful as pour point depressants for PME in moderate temperature climates. With respect to ULSD, improvement of lubricity employing 1-4 was of interest. All materials imparted significantly improved lubricity to ULSD at low blend ratios (<= 2 wt %). In fact, 3 and 4 were superior to SME and PME as lubricity enhancers in ULSD. Estolides 1 and 2 imparted superior lubricity to ULSD when compared to PME. These results indicate that 1-4 would be as or more effective lubricity enhancers in ULSD than SME and PME. Kinematic viscosity of blends of 1-4 in SME, PME, and ULSD tended to increase with increasing level of additive, but all values were within prescribed relevant kinematic viscosity fuel specifications. In summary, biobased materials, such as 1-4, have potential as fuel additives in BD and ULSD. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Cermak, Steven C.; Isbell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 1349 EP 1352 DI 10.1021/ef700628r PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 277BY UT WOS:000254188900088 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, Gerhard TI "Designer" biodiesel: Optimizing fatty ester (composition to improve fuel properties SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ACID ALKYL ESTERS; CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE; KINEMATIC VISCOSITY; PETRODIESEL; COMPONENTS; EMISSIONS; ENGINE; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY; OIL AB Biodiesel is a domestic and renewable alternative with the potential to replace some of the petrodiesel market. It is obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats, or other sources with a significant content of triacylglycerols by means of a transesterification reaction. The fatty acid profile of biodiesel thus corresponds to that of the parent oil or fat and is a major factor influencing fuel properties. Besides being renewable and of domestic origin, advantages of biodiesel compared to petrodiesel include biodegradability, higher flash point, reduction of most regulated exhaust emissions, miscibility in all ratios with petrodiesel, compatibility with the existing fuel distribution infrastructure, and inherent lubricity. Technical problems with biodiesel include oxidative stability, cold flow, and increased NO, exhaust emissions. Solutions to one of these problems often entail increasing the problematic behavior of another property and have included the use of additives or modifying the fatty acid composition, either through physical processes, such as winterization, or through genetic modification. Methyl oleate has been proposed as a suitable major component of biodiesel in this connection. In this work, the properties of various potential major components of biodiesel are examined and compared. For example, while methyl oleate has been suggested as such a major component, methyl palmitoleate has advantages compared to methyl oleate, especially with regards to low-temperature properties. Other materials that are examined in this connection are short-chain (C-8-C-10) saturated esters, with only C-10 esters appearing suitable. It is also suggested that to obtain biodiesel fuel with favorable properties, it is advantageous for the fuel to consist of only one major component in as high a concentration as possible; however, mixtures of components with advantageous properties as described here may also be acceptable. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 528 Z9 537 U1 8 U2 110 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 1358 EP 1364 DI 10.1021/ef`700639e PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 277BY UT WOS:000254188900090 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Ruberson, JR Olson, DM AF Chen, Yigen Ruberson, John R. Olson, Dawn M. TI Nitrogen fertilization rate affects feeding, larval performance, and oviposition preference of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, on cotton SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE nutrients; sublethal effect; supernumerary instar; developmental polymorphism; plant-herbivore interactions; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Gossypium hirsutum; Malvaceae ID HOST-PLANT; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; NATURAL ENEMIES; HIGH-MORTALITY; SLOW-GROWTH; HERBIVORE; QUALITY; CATERPILLAR; LEPIDOPTERA AB Nitrogen (N) is one of the most critical chemical elements for plant and animal growth, exerting a variety of bottom-up effects. Development and oviposition of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were studied in relation to varying N fertilization levels (42, 112, 196, and 280 p.p.m.) in cotton [Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae)]. Low N fertilization of cotton plants led to reduced plant biomass and a lower percentage of N in leaf blades and in leaf petioles. Development of S. exigua larvae fed with plants with reduced N applications (42 and 112 p.p.m.) was prolonged relative to treatments receiving higher N fertilization. Almost all larvae reared on artificial diets underwent only five instars before pupation. However, most larvae reared on cotton plants, irrespective of N levels, experienced a supernumerary sixth larval instar. Furthermore, significantly more larvae reared on lower N cotton plants underwent supernumerary development compared to larvae reared on higher N cotton plants. Life-time feeding damage per larva ranged from 55 to 65 cm(2), depending on the nutritional quality of the food plant, although the differences were not statistically significant. Larvae distinguished between cotton plants with various nutritional qualities and fed preferentially on higher N plants. Female moth oviposition choice was also affected by host plant nutritional quality: cotton plants with higher N levels were preferentially chosen by S. exigua females for oviposition. The mechanisms of these effects are unclear, but they can have important implications for population dynamics and pest status of beet armyworms in the field. C1 [Chen, Yigen; Ruberson, John R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Olson, Dawn M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Ruberson, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ruberson@uga.edu OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 56 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 126 IS 3 BP 244 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00662.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 259UM UT WOS:000252966400008 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Jones, WA Liu, TX AF Greenberg, Shoil M. Jones, Walker A. Liu, Tong-Xian TI Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) instar effects on rate of parasitism by Eretmocerus mundus and Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; biological control; Encarsia pergandiella; Eretmocerus mundus; instar; parasitoid; whitefly ID BIOTYPE-B HOMOPTERA; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HOWARD HYMENOPTERA; WHITEFLY PARASITES; LIFE-HISTORY; SUITABILITY; WASP AB Studies were conducted to compare preference among Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, biotype B instars for parasitization by Eretmocerus mundus Mercet and Encarsia pergandiella Howard when provided one instar only, two different instars, and four different instars simultaneously. In the single-instar no choice treatment, Er. mundus was more successful in parasitizing the younger host instars, while En. pergandiella parasitized a greater proportion of the older instars. Similar results were observed when parasitoids were provided a choice of two instars in six different pair combinations. When all four instars were provided simultaneously, the numbers of first, second, and third instars parasitized by Er. mundus were not significantly different from each other (range 10.3-16.4%), but all were significantly higher than parasitism of fourth instar nymphs (2.1%). The highest percentage parasitization by En. pergandiella was in third instar (17.2%), and the lowest in first instar (2.8%). C1 [Liu, Tong-Xian] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vegetable IPM Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Greenberg, Shoil M.] USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Jones, Walker A.] USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, Montpellier, France. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vegetable IPM Lab, 2415 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1343-8786 J9 ENTOMOL SCI JI Entomol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2007.00246.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 279VB UT WOS:000254382000012 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Jones, TA Pierson, FB Clark, PE Flerchinger, GN AF Hardegree, Stuart P. Jones, Thomas A. Pierson, Frederick B. Clark, Patrick E. Flerchinger, Gerald N. TI Dynamic variability in thermal-germination response of squirreltail (Elymus elymoides and Elymus multisetus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE squirreltail; Elymus elymoides; Elymus multisetus; germination; temperature ID HYDROTHERMAL TIME ANALYSIS; S-AND-H; SEED-GERMINATION; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN LEGUMES; MODELING GERMINATION; THRESHOLD MODELS; WATER-STRESS; EMERGENCE AB Bottlebrush squirTeltail (Elymus elymoides) and big squirreltail (Elymus multisetus) have been identified as high-priority species for restoration and rehabilitation of millions of acres of rangeland in the western United States that have been degraded by wildfire and introduced annual weeds. In this study, squirTeltail accessions from Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico were grown in a nursery environment to produce seeds in two different years for germination evaluation at I I constant temperatures. A statistical-gridding model was used to predict cumulative germination rate of each seedlot for eight simulated planting dates between I January and 28 May over a 38-year seedbed-microclimatic simulation. Predicted germination response under simulated conditions of field-variable temperatures yielded a broader ecological basis for the relative ranking of thermal response than was obtained from single-value germination indices derived from either constant-temperature experiments, or from analysis of thermal-time coefficients. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hardegree, Stuart P.; Pierson, Frederick B.; Clark, Patrick E.; Flerchinger, Gerald N.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Jones, Thomas A.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM shardegr@nwrc.ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853 NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.07.010 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257ID UT WOS:000252791500004 ER PT J AU McCarroll, N Keshava, N Cimino, M Chu, M Dearfield, K Keshava, C Kligerman, A Owen, R Protzel, A Putzrath, R Schoeny, R AF McCarroll, Nancy Keshava, Nagalakshmi Cimino, Michael Chu, Margaret Dearfield, Kerry Keshava, Channa Kligerman, Andrew Owen, Russell Protzel, Alberto Putzrath, Resha Schoeny, Rita TI An evaluation of the mode of action framework for mutagenic carcinogens case study: Cyclophosphamide SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE mutagenicity; cyclophosphamide; mode of action; cytotoxicity ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; URINARY-BLADDER; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INVIVO; CANCER; MOUSE; RAT AB In response to the 2005 revised US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Cancer Guidelines, a Risk Assessment Forum's Technical Panel has devised a strategy in which genetic toxicology data combined with other information are assessed to determine whether a carcinogen operates through a mutagenic mode of action (MOA). This information is necessary for EPA to decide whether age-dependent adjustment factors (ADAFs) should be applied to the cancer risk assessment. A decision tree has been developed as a part of this approach and outlines the critical steps for analyzing a compound for carcinogenicity through a mutagenic MOA (e.g., data analysis, determination of mutagenicity in animals and in humans). Agents, showing mutagenicity in animals and humans, proceed through the Agency's framework analysis for MOAs. Cyclophosphamide (CP), an antineoplastic agent, which is carcinogenic in animals and humans and mutagenic in vitro and in vivo, was selected as a case study to illustrate how the framework analysis would be applied to prove that a carcinogen operates through a mutagenic MOA. Consistent positive results have been seen for mutagenic activity in numerous in vitro assays, in animals (mice, rats, and hamsters) and in humans. Accordingly, CP was processed through the framework analysis and key steps leading to tumor formation were identified as follows: metabolism of the parent compound to alkylating metabolites, DNA damage followed by induction of multiple adverse genetic events, cell proliferation, and bladder tumors. Genetic changes in rats (sister chromatid exchanges at 0.62 mg/kg) can commence within 30 min and in cancer patients, chromosome aberrations at 35 mg/kg are seen by 1 hr, well within the timeframe and tumorigenic dose range for early events. Supporting evidence is also found for cell proliferation, indicating that mutagenicity, associated with cytotoxicity, leads to a proliferative response, which occurs early (48 hr) in the process of tumor induction. Overall, the weight of evidence evaluation supports CP acting through a mutagenic MOA. In addition, no data were found that an alternative MOA might be operative. Therefore, the cancer guidelines recommend a linear extrapolation for the risk assessment. Additionally, data exist showing that CP induces mutagenicity in fetal blood and in the peripheral blood of pediatric patients; thus, the ADAFs would be applied. C1 [McCarroll, Nancy; Protzel, Alberto] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Keshava, Nagalakshmi; Chu, Margaret; Keshava, Channa] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cimino, Michael] US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dearfield, Kerry] USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kligerman, Andrew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Owen, Russell] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Putzrath, Resha] US EPA, Off Water, Sci Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schoeny, Rita] US EPA, Off Water, Senior Sci Advisory, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McCarroll, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 7509P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mccarroll.nancy@epa.gov NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1002/em.20372 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 267IZ UT WOS:000253504000004 PM 18240158 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Dibble, ED AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Dibble, Eric D. TI Influence of spatial resolution on assessing channelization impacts on fish and macroinvertebrate communities in a warmwater stream in the southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE channelization; fish; macroinvertebrates; scale; spatial resolution; streams ID ECOLOGY; HABITAT; SCALE; ASSEMBLAGES; INTEGRITY; PATTERN; FOREST; RIVER AB The choice of spatial and temporal scale used in environmental assessments may influence the observed results. One method of assessing the impact of stream habitat alterations involves the comparison of response variables among treatment categories (i.e., impacted and unimpacted sites). The influence of spatial resolution on patterns of response variables among treatment categories in assessments of stream channelization and other types of habitat alterations has not been evaluated. We examined how patterns of 10 community response variables among channel types and our interpretations of channelization impacts on fish and macroinvertebrate communities differed among three spatial resolutions in a warmwater stream in Mississippi and Alabama. Four fish and three macroinvertebrate community response variables exhibited different patterns among channel types at different spatial resolutions. Our interpretations of the impacts of channelization on fish and macroinvertebrate communities differed among spatial resolutions. Channelization had a negative influence on fish communities either with or without evidence of potential community recovery in one channel type. Channelization impacts on macroinvertebrate communities ranged from a negative influence to no effect. Our results suggest that spatial resolution can influence the observed results and interpretations derived from assessments of stream habitat alterations. C1 [Smiley, Peter C., Jr.; Dibble, Eric D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Smiley, Peter C., Jr.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiley.50@osu.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 138 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9787-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 258MX UT WOS:000252873100002 PM 17564798 ER PT J AU Rocha, C Pappas, EA Huang, CH AF Rocha, Cleonice Pappas, Elizabeth A. Huang, Chi-Hua TI Determination of trace triazine and chloroacetamide herbicides in tile-fed drainage ditch water using solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE solid-phase microextraction; herbicide; chloroacetamide; triazine; water analysis ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUEOUS SAMPLES; ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS; PESTICIDES; EXTRACTION; ADSORPTION; FIBERS; SOIL AB Solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze two triazine (atrazine and simazine) and three chloroacetamide herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor) in water samples from a midwest US agricultural drainage ditch for two growing seasons. The effects of salt concentration, sample volume, extraction time, and injection time on extraction efficiency using a 100-mu m polydimethylsiloxane-coated fiber were investigated. By optimizing these parameters, ditch water detection limits of 0.5 mu g L(-1) simazine and 0.25 mu g L(-1) atrazine, acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor were achieved. The optimum salt concentration was found to be 83% NaCl, while sample volume (10 or 20 mL) negligibly affected analyte peak areas. The optimum extraction time was 40 min, and the optimum injection time was 15 min. Results indicated that atrazine levels in the ditch water exceeded the US maximum contaminant level for drinking water 12% of the time, and atrazine was the most frequently detected among studied analytes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pappas, Elizabeth A.; Huang, Chi-Hua] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pappas, EA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bets@purdue.edu NR 24 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 152 IS 1 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.029 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283XP UT WOS:000254670100027 PM 17629381 ER PT J AU Higgins, J Hohn, C AF Higgins, James Hohn, Christina TI Effects of prevalent freshwater chemical contaminants on in vitro growth of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE coliforms; E. coli; Klebsiella; VOC; pesticides; estrogens ID BUTYL ETHER MTBE; AIRCRAFT DEICER; TOXICITY; RUNOFF; ENVIRONMENT; USA AB Many surface and ground waters in the continental US are contaminated with a variety of chemical pollutants, which are usually present in concentrations in the ppm and ppb range. The effects of these pollutants on coliform bacteria, which are prominent members of the aquatic flora, are poorly understood. Using a microtiter plate assay, isolates of Escherichia coli (from chicken intestine and fresh water), and an isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae (from bovine milk) were exposed to varying concentrations of common pollutants over a 24 h period. The herbicides/pesticides simazine, atrazine, and diazinon; the VOCs trichloroethene and MTBE; the estrogens estradiol and estrone; and caffeine, all failed to inhibit bacterial growth at ppm levels. Only ethylene glycol, and the herbicide 2,4-D, significantly inhibited bacterial growth compared to controls. These results suggest that the replication of coliform bacteria in fresh waters is not adversely impacted by many common pollutants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Higgins, James] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hohn, Christina] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Higgins, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tarbandu12@juno.com NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 152 IS 2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.049 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288EE UT WOS:000254968200001 PM 17681655 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JE Allert, A Sappington, LS Nelson, KJ Valle, J AF Fairchild, James E. Allert, Ann Sappington, Linda S. Nelson, Karen J. Valle, Janet TI Using accelerated life testing procedures to compare the relative sensitivity of rainbow trout and the federally listed threatened bull trout to three commonly used rangeland herbicides (picloram, 2,4-D, and clopyralid) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trout; herbicides; invasive; plants; mortality ID ACUTE TOXICITY; CONTAMINANT SENSITIVITY; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; CHEMICALS; FISHES AB We conducted 96-h static acute toxicity studies to evaluate the relative sensitivity of juveniles of the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the standard cold-water surrogate rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) to three rangeland herbicides commonly used for controlling invasive weeds in the northwestern United States. Relative species sensitivity was compared using three procedures: standard acute toxicity testing, fractional estimates of lethal concentrations, and accelerated life testing chronic estimation procedures. The acutely lethal concentrations (ALC) resulting in 50% mortality at 96 h (96-h ALC50s) were determined using linear regression and indicated that the three herbicides were toxic in the order of picloram acid > 2,4-D acid > clopyralid acid. The 96-h ALC50 values for rainbow trout were as follows: picloram, 41 mg/L; 2.4-D, 707 mg/L; and clopyralid, 700 mg/L. The 96-h ALC50 values for bull trout were as follows: picloram, 24 mg/L; 2.4-D, 398 mg/L; and clopyralid, 802 mg/L. Fractional estimates of safe concentrations, based on 5% of the 96-h ALC50, were conservative (overestimated toxicity) of regression-derived 96-h ALC5 values by an order of magnitude. Accelerated life testing procedures were used to estimate chronic lethal concentrations (CLC) resulting in 1% mortality at 30 d (30-d CLC1) for the three herbicides: picloram (1 mg/L rainbow trout, 5 mg/L bull trout), 2,4-D (56 mg/L rainbow trout, 84 mg/L bull trout), and clopyralid (477 mg/L rainbow trout; 552 mg/L bull trout). Collectively, the results indicated that the standard surrogate rainbow trout is similar in sensitivity to bull trout. Accelerated life testing procedures provided cost-effective, statistically defensible methods for estimating safe chronic concentrations (30-d CLC1s) of herbicides from acute toxicity data because they use statistical models based on the entire mortality: concentration: time data matrix. C1 [Fairchild, James E.; Allert, Ann; Sappington, Linda S.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Nelson, Karen J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Valle, Janet] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Fairchild, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jfairchild@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 623 EP 630 DI 10.1897/07-342.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 265PX UT WOS:000253374500017 PM 17975948 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Ross, TT Callaway, TR Martinez, CH Hume, ME Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, T. S. Ross, T. T. Callaway, T. R. Martinez, C. H. Hume, M. E. Genovese, K. J. Poole, T. L. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Investigation into the seasonal salmonellosis in lactating dairy cattle SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BOVINE SALMONELLOSIS; S-TYPHIMURIUM; PREVALENCE; COWS; SLAUGHTER/; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; DIVERSITY; SEROTYPES AB Sporadic salmonellosis has been reported in mature lactating dairy cattle in the southwestern United States and is an intriguing problem in that Salmonella can be cultured from faecal samples of these cattle throughout the year. However, it is pathogenic only during late summer/early autumn and in certain years. We sampled apparently healthy (n = 10) and diarrhoeic (n=10) cattle during an outbreak on a 2000 head dairy in 2003. The following year, monthly faecal (from the same 30 head), total mixed ration, water, and pen soil samples were collected for Salmonella culture. No serogroup, serotype, genetic, or antimicrobial susceptibility differences were observed in comparison of isolates from healthy and sick cattle. During year 2 of the study, Salmonella was routinely cultured (although highly variable from month to month) from the cattle and the environment, although no outbreak of salmonellosis was observed. C1 [Edrington, T. S.; Callaway, T. R.; Hume, M. E.; Genovese, K. J.; Poole, T. L.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, FFSRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ross, T. T.; Martinez, C. H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, FFSRU, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 3 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1017/S0950268807008680 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 348GF UT WOS:000259198300010 PM 17506921 ER PT J AU Gissot, M Choi, SW Thompson, RF Greally, JM Kim, K AF Gissot, Mathieu Choi, Sang-Woon Thompson, Reid F. Greally, John M. Kim, Kami TI Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum lack detectable DNA cytosine methylation SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID PARASITE ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; GENOMIC DNA; FOLATE; COLON; MOUSE AB Epigenetic factors play a role in the expression of virulence traits in Apicomplexa. Apicomplexan genomes encode putative DNA cytosine methylation enzymes. To assess the presence of cytosine methylation of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum DNA, we used mass spectrometry analysis and confirmed that these organisms lack detectable methylcytosine in their DNA. C1 [Gissot, Mathieu; Kim, Kami] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Gissot, Mathieu; Kim, Kami] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Thompson, Reid F.; Greally, John M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med Hematol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Thompson, Reid F.; Greally, John M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, Ullmann 1225,1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM kkim@aecom.yu.edu OI Thompson, Reid/0000-0003-3661-5296; Kim, Kami/0000-0003-3384-152X; Greally, John/0000-0001-6069-7960 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI060496] NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD MAR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 537 EP 540 DI 10.1128/EC.00448-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 340ST UT WOS:000258666000012 PM 18178772 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, CA Sisterson, MS AF Ledbetter, Craig A. Sisterson, Mark S. TI Advanced generation peach-almond hybrids as seedling rootstocks for almond: first year growth and potential pollenizers for hybrid seed production SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE chilling requirement; peach-almond; propagation; rootstock; seedling; vigor ID SUSCEPTIBILITY AB For decades, seedling peaches have been used as the standard rootstock in California almond orchards. Vigorous, deep rooted trees are needed in almond orchards for maximum yields and to withstand the annual tree-shaking at harvest. Currently, researchers are actively evaluating rootstocks for almonds in field trials and in various screening protocols. In this study, seedling rootstocks, obtained from male-sterile advanced generation peach-almond (PEAL) hybrid mother trees, were compared with 'Nemaguard' peach seedlings for emergence in the nursery row, trunk caliper at propagation time, and end of season dormant above ground tree weight. Seedling emergence was affected significantly (P <= 0.05) by seed source, as was trunk caliper and end of season dormant above ground tree weight. Trunk caliper and dormant above ground tree weight were also affected significantly (P <= 0.05) by planting year. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the enhanced first year growth from seedlings of advanced generation PEAL hybrids, as compared to 'Nemaguard' seedlings. Seedling emergence in the rootstock bed was not affected significantly by planting year. Advanced generation PEAL hybrid seedlings were ready for June-budding at an earlier date compared to 'Nemaguard' seedlings, providing the potential for larger-sized finished nursery stock by the end of the growing season. Due to the male-sterile status of the advanced generation PEAL mother trees, bloom periods of several root-knot nematode resistant rootstock cultivars were examined for their degree of synchronicity with the mother trees. The examined rootstocks and mother trees varied in both chill hour and post-chill heat requirements necessary to effect bloom. 'Flordaguard' peach rootstock began bloom in advance of the male-sterile mother trees, whereas the bloom period of 'Tsukuba No. 4' occurred well after, suggesting they would not be effective synchronous pollenizers for consistent hybrid seed production. Based on more limited flowering period data, better bloom synchronicity was achieved with a Tsukuba No. 4 X Flordaguard hybrid. C1 [Ledbetter, Craig A.; Sisterson, Mark S.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM cledbetter@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2008 VL 160 IS 2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9569-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 257KS UT WOS:000252798600011 ER PT J AU Rohrbach, S Martin, A Niemann, B Cherubini, A AF Rohrbach, Susanne Martin, Antonio Niemann, Bernd Cherubini, Antonio TI Enhanced myocardial vitamin C accumulation in left ventricular hypertrophy in rats is not attenuated with transition to heart failure SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE LA English DT Article DE vitamin C; vitamin C transporter; heart failure; oxidative stress; malondialdehyde ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ASCORBIC-ACID; TRANSPORTER SVCT2; AORTIC-STENOSIS; ANTIOXIDANT; DYSFUNCTION; PROGRESSION; PLASMA; ACTS AB Indirect observations are compatible with cardiac vitamin C deficiency as one contributory factor to oxidative stress in heart failure, but data on ventricular vitamin C content are lacking. Here, we used the well established model of aortic-banded rats at the stage of compensated hypertrophy (6 weeks after banding) and at the transition to cardiac failure (22 weeks after banding) to analyze vitamin C, vitamin E, protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde tissue content together with the respective plasma concentrations. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of the vitamin C transporters SVCT1 and SVCT2 in the left ventricle (LV). Aortic-banded rats, independently from their age, had higher malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels in plasma and LV tissue compared to sham-operated animals indicating increased oxidative stress. Plasma vitamin C remained unaffected from cardiac overload, while LV vitamin C was elevated in both stages of hypertrophy together with an increased expression of the vitamin C transporter SVCT2 suggesting increased vitamin C uptake. The levels of antioxidants and lipid peroxides were similar 6 and 22 weeks after aortic banding. Therefore, the accumulation of vitamin C in compensated hypertrophy and in decompensated failure excludes cardiac vitamin C deficiency as a primary factor to oxidative stress in this model. (C) 2008 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rohrbach, Susanne; Niemann, Bernd] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Pathophysiol, D-06097 Halle, Germany. [Martin, Antonio] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cherubini, Antonio] Univ Perugia, Sch Med, Inst Gerontol & Geriatr, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Rohrbach, S (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Pathophysiol, Ernst Grube Str 40,FG06 E02, D-06097 Halle, Germany. EM susanne.rohrbach@medizin.uni-halle.de OI Cherubini, Antonio/0000-0003-0261-9897 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-9842 J9 EUR J HEART FAIL JI Eur. J. Heart Fail. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.01.001 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 290UM UT WOS:000255148000005 PM 18282801 ER PT J AU de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Frake, AM AF de Guzman, Lilia I. Rinderer, Thomas E. Frake, Amanda M. TI Comparative reproduction of Varroa destructor in different types of Russian and Italian honey bee combs SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; reproduction; dark comb; new comb; resistance ID JACOBSONI OUD; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; BEESWAX; BROOD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; INFESTATION; ACARICIDES; COUMAPHOS; PRODUCTS AB Earlier studies showed that Russian honey bees support slow growth of varroa mite population. We studied whether or not comb type influenced varroa reproduction in both Russian and Italian honey bees, and whether Russian bees produced comb which inhibited varroa reproduction. The major differences found in this study concerned honey bee type. Overall, the Russian honey bees had lower (2.44 +/- 0.18%) levels of varroa infestation than Italian honey bees (7.20 +/- 0.60%). This decreased infestation resulted in part from a reduced number of viable female offspring per foundress in the Russian (0.85 +/- 0.04 female) compared to the Italian (1.23 +/- 0.04 females) honey bee colonies. In addition, there was an effect by the comb built by the Russian honey bee colonies that reduced varroa reproduction. When comparing combs having Russian or Italian colony origins, Russian honey bee colonies had more non-reproducing foundress mites and fewer viable female offspring in Russian honey bee comb. This difference did not occur in Italian colonies. The age of comb in this study had mixed effects. Older comb produced similar responses for six of the seven varroa infestation parameters measured. In colonies of Italian honey bees, the older comb (2001 dark) had fewer (1.13 +/- 0.07 females) viable female offspring per foundress than were found in the 2002 new (1.21 +/- 0.06 females) and 1980s new (1.36 +/- 0.08 females) combs. This difference did not occur with Russian honey bee colonies where the number of viable female offspring was low in all three types of combs. This study suggests that honey bee type largely influences growth of varroa mite population in a colony. C1 [de Guzman, Lilia I.; Rinderer, Thomas E.; Frake, Amanda M.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP de Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM lilia.deguzman@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s10493-008-9142-1 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 288AK UT WOS:000254958400005 PM 18392942 ER PT J AU Shih, RSM Wong, SHK Schoene, NW Lei, KY AF Shih, Rita S. M. Wong, Stephen H. K. Schoene, Norberta W. Lei, Kai Y. TI Suppression of Gadd45 alleviates the G2/M blockage and the enhanced phosphorylation of p53 and p38 in zinc supplemented normal human bronchial epithelial cells SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Gadd45; p38; p53; siRNA; G2/M; zinc supplementation ID P53-REGULATED PROTEIN GADD45; DECREASED DNA-REPAIR; CYCLE ARREST; CANCER-CELLS; GROWTH ARREST; PROSTATE-CANCER; KINASE-ACTIVITY; UV-IRRADIATION; G(2)/M ARREST; KIDNEY-CELLS AB An adequate zinc status is essential for optimal cellular functions and growth. Yet, excessive zinc supplementation can be cytotoxic and can impair cell growth. Gadd45 plays a vital role as cellular stress sensor in the modulation of cell signal transduction in response to stress. The present study was designed to determine the influence of zinc status on Gadd45 expression and cell cycle progression in zinc deficient and supplemented normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and to decipher the molecular mechanism(s) exerted by the suppression of Gadd45 expression on cell growth and cell cycle progression in this cell type. Cells were cultured for one passage in different concentration of zinc: <0.4 mu M (ZD) as severe zinc deficient; 4 mu M as normal zinc level in culture medium; 16 mu M (ZA) as normal human plasma zinc level; and 32 mu M (ZS) as the high end of plasma zinc attainable by oral supplementation. Inhibition of cell growth, upregulation of Gadd45 mRNA and protein expression, and blockage of G2/M cell cycle progression were observed in ZS cells. In contrast, little or no changes in these parameters were seen in ZD cells. The siRNA-mediated knocking down of Gadd45 was found to relieve G2/M blockage in ZS cells, which indicated that the blockage was Gadd45 dependent. Moreover, the enhanced phosphorylation of p38 and p53 (ser15) in ZS cells was normalized after suppression of Gadd45 by siRNA, implicating that the enhanced phosphorylation of these proteins was Gadd45 dependent. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that an elevated zinc status modulated signal transduction to produce a delay at G2/M during cell cycle progression in NHBE cells. C1 [Shih, Rita S. M.; Wong, Stephen H. K.; Lei, Kai Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schoene, Norberta W.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lei, KY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 0121 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dlei@umd.edu RI shih, sheung-mei/F-8024-2010 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 233 IS 3 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.3181/0708-RM-220 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 265OH UT WOS:000253368900007 PM 18296737 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Cowan, AN Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, Todd E. Cowan, Amy N. Edu, James Pahio, Elaine TI Mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies following exposure to two sources of alpha-copaene, manuka oil and mango SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; manuka oil; mango; mating behavior ID GINGER ROOT OIL; CERATITIS-CAPITATA WIEDEMANN; VOLATILE FLAVOR COMPONENTS; GENETIC SEXING STRAIN; INDICA L. CULTIVARS; MANGIFERA-INDICA; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FLY; COMPETITIVENESS AB Recent studies on the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), have demonstrated an increase in male mating competitiveness following exposure to particular plant structures or products, including the fruit and fruit-derived oil of orange trees, the bark and fruits of guava trees, and ginger root oil. Although it is not known which compound(s) was responsible for the enhanced mating success, all the performance-boosting substances tested thus far contain the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon alpha-copaene, and alpha-copaene tested alone was found to increase mating success in male medflies. As the concentration of alpha-copaene and other terpenes vary among plant species, it is not known whether exposure to alpha-copaene-bearing plants (or their derived oils) will universally influence the mating behavior of male medflies. The goal of this study was to describe the results of mating trials conducted after male exposure to 2 previously untested sources of alpha-copaene, manuka oil (from the New Zealand manuka tree) and mango fruits from cultivars in Hawaii and Guatemala. Mating trials conducted in field-cages revealed that exposure to manuka oil significantly increased the mating success of both wild males and mass-reared, sterile males. However, exposure to mangos had no effect on male mating performance in trials run in Hawaii or Guatemala. This latter result may have reflected the absence (or presence in very small amounts) of alpha-copaene in the mango cultivars tested or a particular mixture of compounds that diminished or blocked alpha-copaene's effect on the male medflies. C1 [Shelly, Todd E.; Cowan, Amy N.; Edu, James; Pahio, Elaine] USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0009:MSOMMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700002 ER PT J AU Bennett, CA Pemberton, RW AF Bennett, Christine A. Pemberton, Robert W. TI Neomusotima fuscolinealis (Lepidoptera : Pryalidae) is an unsuitable biological control agent of Lygodium japonicum SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Lygodium palmatum; Florida; rare native ferns AB In its native Japan Neomusotima fuscolinealis Yoshiyasu feeds on and damages the leaves of Lygodium japonicum (Thunberg ex Murray) Swartz, an invasive weed in Florida and the southeastern U.S. Larvae and pupae of the moth were imported into the quarantine facility at the Florida Biological Control Laboratory, Gainesville, Florida, to establish a colony for preliminary host range studies and to define its lifecycle and reproduction parameters. Larvae of the moth did not feed significantly nor develop on 5 tested rare, native Florida ferns. The rare North American native climbing fern, Lygodium palmatum (Bernhardi) Swartz, however, supported complete development of N. fuscolinealis, and 6 continuous generations of the moth were reared on the fern. Because the rare L. palmatum and the invasive L. japonicum co-occur in the US, the release of N. fuscolinealis could result in the harm to L. palmatum, a risk that makes the moth unsuitable as a potential biological control of L. japonicum. C1 [Bennett, Christine A.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr, Dept Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Pemberton, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Bennett, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr, Dept Entomol, 1911 SW 34th St, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0026:NFLPIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700005 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Pena, JE Acevedo, FE AF Gagne, Raymond J. Pena, Jorge E. Acevedo, Flor E. TI A new lestodiplosine (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) preying on the avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heteroptera : Tingidae) in Southern Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE gall midge; predator; avocado lace bug; Persea americana AB A species new to science, Tingidoletes praelonga Gagne (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was recently discovered preying on the avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Heteroptera: Tingidae), in Florida, USA. A new genus is described to receive the new species. C1 [Gagne, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, PSI, Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Acevedo, Flor E.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, MRC-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rgagne@sel.bare.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0043:ANLDCP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700008 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DA Shapiro-Ilan, D Goenaga, R AF Jenkins, David A. Shapiro-Ilan, David Goenaga, Ricardo TI Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes versus Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) larvae in a high clay-content Oxisol soil: Greenhouse trials with potted Litchi chinensis SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Litchi chinensis; Steinernema riobrave; Heterorhabditis megidis; Oxisol ID ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES; VIRULENCE; STEINERNEMATIDAE; TEXTURE; HETERORHABDITIDAE; RHABDITIDA; RIOBRAVE AB In a previous study, laboratory trials indicated that 9 strains and species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were pathogenic against larvae of Diaprepes abbreviatus in an Oxisol from Puerto Rico. In this study we tested the efficacy of 5 species/strains of EPN in an Oxisol under greenhouse conditions. The nematodes were applied at 100 infective juveniles per cm(2) to 19-L pots containing a high clay-content Oxisol (69% clay) and 3 seedlings of Litchi chinensis. All treatments significantly reduced the mean proportion of D. abbreviatus larvae surviving (ranging from 0 to 36%) compared to survival in untreated controls (ranging from 80 to 86%). This suggests that EPNs might be suitable to play a role in integrated pest management strategies against D. abbreviatus in tropical soils with high clay content. C1 [Jenkins, David A.; Goenaga, Ricardo] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, David] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Jenkins, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Ave PA Campos, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0075:EOENVD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700013 ER PT J AU Nietschke, BS Borchert, DM Magarey, RD Ciomperlik, MA AF Nietschke, Brett S. Borchert, Daniel M. Magarey, Roger D. Ciomperlik, Matthew A. TI Climatological potential for Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) establishment in the United States SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE exotic species; insect development; temperature; risk mapping; Scirtothrips dorsalis ID HOOD THYSANOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; PLANT; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; WEEVIL; SYSTEM; GRAPE; RISK; CORN AB Scirtothrips dorsalis is a serious exotic pest that has recently become established in the continental United States. It is of major concern to regulatory agencies because it has a wide host range and high reproductive potential. A weather-based mapping tool, NAPPFAST, was used to predict potential establishment of S. dorsalis in North America. The analysis was based on a degree-day model and cold temperature survival of S. dorsalis. The results demonstrated that S. dorsalis could potentially produce up to 18 generations and was likely to survive in the southern and western coastal plains of the United States. It is concluded that S. dorsalis is likely to be a serious economic pest in the southern United States. Additional maps and information are available at the web site (http://www.nappfast.org). C1 [Nietschke, Brett S.; Magarey, Roger D.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Borchert, Daniel M.; Magarey, Roger D.] USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Ciomperlik, Matthew A.] USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Pest Detect & Diagnost Lab, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Nietschke, BS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, 1730 Varsity Dr,Suite 110, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Roger.D.Magarey@aphis.usda.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0079:CPFSDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700014 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Liu, H AF Pemberton, Robert W. Liu, Hong TI Naturalization of the oil collecting bee Centris nitida (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centrini), a potential pollinator of selected native, ornamental, and invasive plants in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE buzz pollination; Byrsonima lucida; Centris errans; Centris lanosa; oil-reward flowers ID ORCHID BEE; APOIDEA AB The neotropical bee Centris nitida Smith has naturalized in southeastern Florida and in Sarasota on the Gulf coast. This furry yellow and black bee has been confused with the closely related C. lanosa Cresson, a native bee restricted to northern Florida and the American Southwest and adjacent Mexico. Female C. nitida are smaller than those of both C. lanosa and C. errans Fox, a furry brown-colored native Centris which is sympatric with C. nitida in southern Florida. The 3 Centris bees now occurring in Florida are readily separated by their distinctive facial markings. Female C. nitida have a vertical black line in the middle of the clypeus. Centris nitida is a polylectic, oil-collecting bee observed to visit flowers of 28 species in 10 plant families, including 8 oil reward flower species in the Malpighiaceae, and 10 species of buzz pollinated flowers in the Fabaceae and Solanaceae in Florida. Centris nitida may have environmental impacts through pollination of selected native, ornamental and invasive plants, as well possible competition with the sympatric native C. errans through common usage of oil reward flowers. C1 [Pemberton, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Liu, Hong] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0101:NOTOCB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700016 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Pahio, E Edu, J AF Shelly, Todd E. Pahio, Elaine Edu, James TI Adding ginger root oil or ginger powder to the larval diet has no effect on the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FLY C1 [Shelly, Todd E.; Pahio, Elaine; Edu, James] USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 116 EP 117 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0116:AGROOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700018 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr. TI Ovigeny in selected generalist predators SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS C1 [Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo] Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr.] Florida Publ Serv Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo] USDA ARS, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 133 EP 135 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0133:OISGP]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700025 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, JM Pastor-Corrales, MS Luthria, DL AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. Pastor-Corrales, Marcial S. Luthria, Devanand L. TI The polyphenolic profiles of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 24 common beans; Phaseolus vulgaris L.: market classes; polyphenol profile; hydroxycinnamates; glycosylated flavonols; anthocyanin; HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS ID SEED COAT COLOR; REGISTRATION; FLAVONOIDS AB Based on the phenolic profiles obtained by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS), 24 common bean samples, representing 17 varieties and 7 generic off-the-shelf items, belonging to ten US commercial market classes can be organized into six different groups. All of them contained the same hydroxycinnaminic acids, but the flavonoid components showed distinct differences. Black beans contained primarily the 3-O-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin, while pinto beans contained kaempferol and its 3-O-glycosides. Light red kidney bean contained traces of quercetin 3-O-glucoside and its malonates, but pink and dark red kidney beans contained the diglycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. Small red beans contained kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, while no flavonoids were detected in alubia, cranberry, great northern, and navy beans. This is the first report of the tentative identification of quercetin 3-O-pentosylhexoside and flavonoid glucoside malonates, and the first detailed detection of hydroxycinnamates, in common beans. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Compos & Method Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Compos & Method Lab, 103000 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Longze.lin@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 25 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 1 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.038 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 239RQ UT WOS:000251535800053 PM 25544796 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Rayas-Duarte, P Xu, J AF Mohamed, Abdellatif Rayas-Duarte, Patricia Xu, Jingyuan TI Hard Red Spring wheat/C-TRIM 20 bread: Formulation, processing and texture analysis SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-glucan; soluble fiber; suspension rheology; bread texture; freezable water; DMA; DSC ID TEMPERATURE-MOISTURE RELATIONSHIP; DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; BARLEY; FIBER; PENTOSANS; FLOUR; BREADMAKING; QUALITY; GLUTEN; DOUGH AB C-TRIM, a beta-glucan-rich fraction, was added to Hard Red Spring wheat (HRSW) flour to increase soluble fiber content of bread, and to obtain a minimum of 0.75 g/bread serving (0.75 g/30 g or 2.5%) required by FDA for health claim. Three treatments or blends FGT0 (100% wheat flour - control), FGT1 (58% flour, 25% gluten and 17% C-TRIM) and FGT2 (60% flour, 22.5% gluten, and 17% C-TRIM) were used in the study. The total amount of soluble fiber from C-TRIM in FGT1 and FGT2 was 4.07-4.17% which was more than the amount required by FDA. The presence of C-TRIM increased both, the Farinograph water absorption and the arrival time. The dough mixing tolerance index (MTI) was also increased by C-TRIM. The FGT1 had higher stability than FGT2, whereas, the loaf volume of FGT1-B was also significantly higher than FGT0-B control and FGT2-B bread. The DSC results indicated that the amount of freezable-water in C-TRIM treated bread (FGT1-B and FGT2-B) was significantly higher than the control wheat flour bread (FGT0-B). This may be attributed to the higher amount of water absorbed by C-TRIM during bread dough (FGT1-D and FGT2-D) preparation and trapped or bound within the bread matrix after baking as compared to the control. After storage of FGT0-B, FGT1-B, and FGT2-B breads 2, 5, and 7 days storage at 25 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C, the texture of bread were measured with a Texture Analyzer and the data analyzed statistically. The FTG0-B control bread firmness was significantly higher than FGT1-B and FGT2-B C-TRIM treated breads after 7 days storage at 25 degrees C. The amount of 0.1 M acetic acid-extractable protein was lower in FGT1-B than the control wheat flour (FGT0-B) sample. In addition, more protein was extracted at pH 7.0 than pH 4.5 because of less charges at neutral pH than pH 4.5. The free zone capillary electrophoresis analysis showed obvious differences in the protein charge and size between the dough and bread. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereals Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agricultural Prod Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereals Prod & Food Sci Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM a.mohamed@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 1 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.065 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 239RQ UT WOS:000251535800067 ER PT J AU Fan, X Niemira, BA Prakash, A AF Fan, Xuetong Niemira, Brendan A. Prakash, Anuradha TI Irradiation of fresh fruits and vegetables SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MODIFIED-ATMOSPHERE PACKAGES; ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; CUT ICEBERG LETTUCE; RADIATION SENSITIVITY; IONIZING-RADIATION; QUALITY; COMBINATION; RESPIRATION; SLICES C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Niemira, Brendan A.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Prakash, Anuradha] Chapman Univ, Orange, CA 92866 USA. RP Fan, X (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov; brendan.niemira@ars.usda.gov; prakash@chapman.edu NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3 BP 36 EP + PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 281EH UT WOS:000254479200013 ER PT J AU Brinberg, D Kline, E Alderman, D Araman, P Cesa, E Milauskas, S Walthousen, T Wiedenbeck, J AF Brinberg, David Kline, Earl Alderman, Delton Araman, Philip Cesa, Ed Milauskas, Steve Walthousen, Tom Wiedenbeck, Jan TI Exploring research priorities for the north American hardwood industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Brinberg, David] Virginia Tech, Sloan Fdn Forest Ind Ctr, Dept Mkt, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kline, Earl] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Alderman, Delton; Wiedenbeck, Jan] USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Serv, Princeton, WV USA. [Araman, Philip] USDA, So Stn, Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Cesa, Ed; Milauskas, Steve] USDA, Wood Educ & Resource Ctr, Forest Serv, Princeton, WV USA. [Walthousen, Tom] NHLA, Memphis, TN USA. RP Brinberg, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Sloan Fdn Forest Ind Ctr, Dept Mkt, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM brinberg@vt.edu; kline@vt.edu; dalder-man@fs.fed.us; paraman@vt.edu; ecesa@fs.fed.us; smi-lauskas@fs.fed.us; t.walthousen@nhla.com; jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 3 BP 6 EP 15 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 276JS UT WOS:000254137700002 ER PT J AU Vierling, KT Vierling, LA Gould, WA Martinuzzi, S Clawges, RM AF Vierling, Kerri T. Vierling, Lee A. Gould, William A. Martinuzzi, Sebastian Clawges, Rick M. TI Lidar: shedding new light on habitat characterization and modeling SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID MAPPING FOREST STRUCTURE; BISCAYNE NATIONAL-PARK; REEF FISH COMMUNITIES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SPECIES RICHNESS; GAP ANALYSIS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; QUALITY; FLORIDA AB Ecologists need data on animal-habitat associations in terrestrial and aquatic environments to design and implement effective conservation strategies. Habitat characteristics used in. models typically incorporate (1) field data of limited spatial extent and/or (2) remote sensing data that do not characterize the vertical habitat structure. Remote sensing tools that directly characterize three-dimensional (3-D) habitat structure and that provide data relevant to organism-habitat interactions across a hierarchy of scales promise to improve our understanding of animal-habitat relationships. Laser altimetry, commonly called light detection and ranging (lidar), is a source of geospatial data that can provide fine-grained information about the 3-D structure of ecosystems across broad spatial extents. In this review, we present a brief overview of lidar technology, discuss recent applications of lidar data in investigations of animal-habitat relationships, and propose future applications of this technology to issues of broad species-management and conservation interest. C1 [Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Vierling, Lee A.; Martinuzzi, Sebastian] Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID USA. [Gould, William A.] USFS Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Clawges, Rick M.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Vierling, KT (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM kerriv@uidaho.edu RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016; OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 NR 42 TC 220 Z9 225 U1 14 U2 118 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1890/070001 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 271QF UT WOS:000253803100019 ER PT J AU Lopez, PA Widrlechner, MP Simon, PW Rai, S Boylston, TD Isbell, TA Bailey, TB Gardner, CA Wilson, LA AF Lopez, Pedro A. Widrlechner, Mark P. Simon, Philipp W. Rai, Satish Boylston, Terri D. Isbell, Terry A. Bailey, Theodore B. Gardner, Candice A. Wilson, Lester A. TI Assessing phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) germplasm SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE AFLP; analysis of molecular variance; biochemical profile; Coriandrum sativum; cluster analysis; gas chromatography analysis; phenotypic traits; principal components analysis ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ESSENTIAL OIL; AFLP MARKERS; INDUSTRIAL OILS; POPULATIONS; BIOSYNTHESIS; POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPES AB Our goals for this research were to elucidate phenotypic and biochemical diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) populations maintained at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, IA, and examine relationships between amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and patterns of phenotypic and biochemical diversity. Phenotypic and biochemical traits were evaluated, and analyses of variance and mean comparisons were performed on the resulting data sets. Euclidean distances from phenotypic (PD) and biochemical (BD) data were estimated, and modified Rogers' distances (RD) were estimated for 80 polymorphic AFLP markers. These data were subjected to cluster analyses (CA) and principal components analyses (PCA), to reveal patterns among populations, and to analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for grouping patterns from PD and BD by using the 80 polymorphic AFLP markers. Resulting phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular distance matrices were also compared by applying Mantel tests. Our results describe significant differences among populations for all the phenotypic traits, and dendrograms obtained from PD and BD revealed complex phenetic patterns, as did groups from PCA. The primary seed essential oils and nearly all fatty-acid components were identified and their abundance measured; the primary chemical constituents of corresponding PCA groups are described herein. Molecular evidence supported phenotypic and biochemical subgroups. However, variation attributed among subgroups and groups was very low (similar to 4-6%), while variation among populations within groups was intermediate (similar to 24-26%), and that within populations was large (similar to 69-70%), reflecting weak differentiation among subgroups and groups, which was confirmed by values for fixation indices. Phenotypic subgroups described in this study differed somewhat from previous infraspecific classifications. Weak correlations were found between the phenotypic and biochemical matrices and between the biochemical and AFLP matrices. No correlation was found between the phenotypic and AFLP matrices. These results may be related to coriander's phenotypic plasticity, its wide range in lifecycle duration, its predominantly allogamous reproductive biology, a human-selection process focused on special traits that may be controlled by few genes, and the widespread trade of coriander seeds as a spice, which may result in dynamic, poorly differentiated molecular variation, even when phenotypic and biochemical differentiation is easily documented. C1 [Widrlechner, Mark P.; Gardner, Candice A.] Iowa State Univ, Plant Introduct Res Unit, USDA ARS N Central Reg Plant Introduc Stn, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lopez, Pedro A.] Colegio Postgrad, Puebla 72760, Pue, Mexico. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Horticulture, USDA ARS Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Rai, Satish; Boylston, Terri D.; Wilson, Lester A.] Iowa State Univ, Seed Sci Ctr, DNA Qual Assurance, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Isbell, Terry A.] USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. [Bailey, Theodore B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Plant Introduct Res Unit, USDA ARS N Central Reg Plant Introduc Stn, Dept Agron, Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM isumw@iastate.edu RI LOPEZ, PEDRO/A-6491-2011 NR 107 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 2 BP 247 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s10722-007-9232-7 PG 29 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 263EJ UT WOS:000253200100007 ER PT J AU Stich, B Mohring, J Piepho, HP Heckenberger, M Buckler, ES Melchinger, AE AF Stich, Benjamin Mohring, Jens Piepho, Hans-Peter Heckenberger, Martin Buckler, Edward S. Melchinger, Albrecht E. TI Comparison of mixed-model approaches for association mapping SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; FLOWERING TIME; MAIZE INBREDS; RELATEDNESS; DIVERSITY; MARKERS; POLYMORPHISMS AB Association-mapping methods promise to overcome the limitations of linkage-mapping methods. The main objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate various methods for association mapping in the autogamous species wheat using an empirical data set, (ii) determine a marker-based kinship matrix using a restricted maximum-likelihood (REML) estimate of the probability, of two alleles at the same locus being identical in state but not identical by descent, and (iii) compare the results of association-mapping approaches based on adjusted entry means (two-step approaches) with the results of approaches in which the phenotypic clata analysis and the association analysis were performed in one step (one-step approaches). On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic data of 303 soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inbreds, various association-mapping methods were evaluated. Spearman's rank correlation between P-values calculated on the basis of one- and two-stage association-mapping methods ranged from 0.63 to 0.93. The mixed-model association-mapping approaches using a kinship matrix estimated by REML are more appropriate for association mapping than the recently proposed QK method with respect to (i) the adherence to the nominal alpha-level and (ii) the adjusted power for detection of quantitative trait loci. Furthermore, we showed that our data set could be analyzed by using two-step approaches of the proposed association-mapping method without substantially increasing the empirical type I error rate in comparison to the corresponding one-step approaches. C1 [Mohring, Jens; Piepho, Hans-Peter] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Diversity, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stich, Benjamin; Heckenberger, Martin; Melchinger, Albrecht E.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Melchinger, AE (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, Fruwirthstr 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. EM melchinger@uni-hohenheim.de OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Piepho, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-7813-2992 NR 37 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 5 U2 33 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 178 IS 3 BP 1745 EP 1754 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.079707 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 287MQ UT WOS:000254921600053 PM 18245847 ER PT J AU O'Connor, J Major, J Grant, G AF O'Connor, Jim Major, Jon Grant, Gordon TI The dams come down: Unchaining US rivers SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 [O'Connor, Jim] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Major, Jon] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Grant, Gordon] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP O'Connor, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 274UF UT WOS:000254026800023 ER PT J AU Pritchard, SG Strand, AE McCormack, ML Davis, MA Finzi, AC Jackson, RB Matamala, R Rogers, HH Oren, R AF Pritchard, Seth G. Strand, Allan E. McCormack, M. Luke Davis, Micheal A. Finzi, Adrien C. Jackson, Robert B. Matamala, Roser Rogers, Hugo H. Oren, Ram TI Fine root dynamics in a loblolly pine forest are influenced by free-air-CO2-enrichment: a six-year-minirhizotron study SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated carbon dioxide; fine roots; minirhizotrons; root turnover ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PROGRESSIVE NITROGEN LIMITATION; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; TEMPERATE FOREST; SOIL CARBON; PONDEROSA PINE; CONTRASTING RESPONSES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE AB Efforts to characterize carbon (C) cycling among atmosphere, forest canopy, and soil C pools are hindered by poorly quantified fine root dynamics. We characterized the influence of free-air-CO2-enrichment (ambient +200 ppm) on fine roots for a period of 6 years (Autumn 1998 through Autumn 2004) in an 18-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation near Durham, NC, USA using minirhizotrons. Root production and mortality were synchronous processes that peaked most years during spring and early summer. Seasonality of fine root production and mortality was not influenced by atmospheric CO2 availability. Averaged over all 6 years of the study, CO2 enrichment increased average fine root standing crop (+23%), annual root length production (+25%), and annual root length mortality (+36%). Larger increase in mortality compared with production with CO2 enrichment is explained by shorter average fine root lifespans in elevated plots (500 days) compared with controls (574 days). The effects of CO2-enrichment on fine root proliferation tended to shift from shallow (0-15 cm) to deeper soil depths (15-30) with increasing duration of the study. Diameters of fine roots were initially increased by CO2-enrichment but this effect diminished over time. Averaged over 6 years, annual fine root NPP was estimated to be 163 g dw m(-2) yr(-1) in CO2-enriched plots and 130 g dw m(-2) yr(-1) in control plots (P = 0.13) corresponding to an average annual additional input of fine root biomass to soil of 33 g m(-2) yr(-1) in CO2-enriched plots. A lack of consistent CO2 x year effects suggest that the positive effects of CO2 enrichment on fine root growth persisted 6 years following minirhizotron tube installation (8 years following initiation of the CO2 fumigation). Although CO2-enrichment contributed to extra flow of C into soil in this experiment, the magnitude of the effect was small suggesting only modest potential for fine root processes to directly contribute to soil C storage in south-eastern pine forests. C1 [Pritchard, Seth G.; Strand, Allan E.; McCormack, M. Luke] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Davis, Micheal A.] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rogers, Hugo H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pritchard, SG (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM pritchards@cofc.edu RI Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016 OI Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533 NR 92 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 588 EP 602 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01523.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259HH UT WOS:000252929900012 ER PT J AU Knapp, AK Briggs, JM Collins, SL Archer, SR Bret-Harte, MS Ewers, BE Peters, DP Young, DR Shaver, GR Pendall, E Cleary, MB AF Knapp, Alan K. Briggs, John M. Collins, Scott L. Archer, Steven R. Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Ewers, Brent E. Peters, Debra P. Young, Donald R. Shaver, Gaius R. Pendall, Elise Cleary, Meagan B. TI Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aboveground net primary production; carbon; climate change; grasslands; growth form; LAI; MAP; shrublands ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; ABOVEGROUND PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WOODY PLANT ENCROACHMENT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LAND-USE; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; MESIC GRASSLAND; NITROGEN POOLS; UNITED-STATES AB Shrub encroachment into grass-dominated biomes is occurring globally due to a variety of anthropogenic activities, but the consequences for carbon (C) inputs, storage and cycling remain unclear. We studied eight North American graminoid-dominated ecosystems invaded by shrubs, from arctic tundra to Atlantic coastal dunes, to quantify patterns and controls of C inputs via aboveground net primary production (ANPP). Across a fourfold range in mean annual precipitation (MAP), a key regulator of ecosystem C input at the continental scale, shrub invasion decreased ANPP in xeric sites, but dramatically increased ANPP (> 1000 g m(-2)) at high MAP, where shrub patches maintained extraordinarily high leaf area. Concurrently, the relationship between MAP and ANPP shifted from being nonlinear in grasslands to linear in shrublands. Thus, relatively abrupt (< 50 years) shifts in growth form dominance, without changes in resource quantity, can fundamentally alter continental-scale pattern of C inputs and their control by MAP in ways that exceed the direct effects of climate change alone. C1 [Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Proram Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Briggs, John M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Archer, Steven R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ewers, Brent E.; Pendall, Elise; Cleary, Meagan B.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Peters, Debra P.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Young, Donald R.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Shaver, Gaius R.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Knapp, AK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM aknapp@colostate.edu RI Ewers, Brent/A-9696-2008; Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969 NR 64 TC 186 Z9 200 U1 18 U2 160 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259HH UT WOS:000252929900014 ER PT J AU Neel, JPS Feldhake, CM Belesky, DP AF Neel, J. P. S. Feldhake, C. M. Belesky, D. P. TI Influence of solar radiation on the productivity and nutritive value of herbage of cool-season species of an understorey sward in a mature conifer woodland SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silvopastoral systems; nutritive value of herbage; dry matter yield of herbage; swards; conifers ID DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; TALL FESCUE; FORAGE; PREFERENCE; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; GROWTH; SHADE AB Silvopastoral systems in the Appalachian region of the USA could increase the carrying capacity of livestock and contribute to a reliable supply of high-quality herbage. In 2000, 2001 and 2002, the influence of solar radiation [0.20, 0.50 or 0.80 of maximum solar radiation (MSR); treatments 20-, 50- and 80-MSR respectively] on the productivity and nutritive value of a mixture of sown grasses and legumes established under a mature stand of conifers was investigated. Yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were greater for the 80-MSR treatment except in 2000 when DM yield did not differ. As a proportion of the sward, introduced species (Dactylis glomerata L., Trifolium repens L., and Lolium perenne L.) increased over time for the MSR-80 treatment, corresponding with a decrease in the proportion of bare area and of non-introduced species. CP concentration of herbage was 207 g kg(-1) DM or greater across treatments and years with higher concentrations on the 20- and 50-MSR treatments. Herbage from the 80-MSR treatment had a greater concentration of TNC than that of the 20- and 50-MSR treatments. Estimated concentration of TDN was similar for all treatments in 2000 and greater for the 80-MSR treatment than the other two treatments in 2001 and 2002. High CP concentrations in herbage, as a result of appropriate thinning of trees in an Appalachian silvopastoral systems, could be utilized as a protein supplement to herbage with low CP and higher fibre concentrations. C1 [Neel, J. P. S.; Feldhake, C. M.; Belesky, D. P.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Neel, JPS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Jim.Neel@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2007.00612.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 262AI UT WOS:000253121000004 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, PW Williams, RD AF Bartholomew, P. W. Williams, R. D. TI Seeding cool-season grasses into unimproved warm-season pasture in the southern Great Plains of the United States SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cool-season grasses; warm-season pasture; southern Great Plains; grass yield; persistence ID TALL FESCUE; PERENNIAL GRASSES; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; BERMUDAGRASS; ESTABLISHMENT; SODS; PRODUCTIVITY; PERSISTENCE; BAHIAGRASS; MANAGEMENT AB Limited availability of herbage during the cool season creates a problem of a supply of nutrients for livestock producers throughout the southern Great Plains of the USA and, particularly, on small farms where resource constraints limit possible mitigating strategies. Six cool-season grasses were individually sown into clean-tilled ground, no-till drilled into stubble of Korean lespedeza [Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim) Makino] or no-till over-sown into dormant unimproved warm-season pastures. The dry matter (DM) yields of mixtures of cool and warm-season herbage species were measured to test their potential for increasing cool-season herbage production in a low-input pasture environment. Only mixtures containing Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) produced greater year-round DM yields than undisturbed warm-season pasture with all establishment methods. When cool-season grass was no-till seeded into existing warm-season pasture, there was on average a 0.61 kg DM increase in year-round herbage production for each 1.0 kg DM of cool-season grass herbage produced. Sowing into stubble of Korean lespedeza, or into clean-tilled ground, required 700 or 1400 kg DM ha(-1), respectively, of cool-season production before the year-round DM yield of each species equalled that of undisturbed warm-season pasture. Productive pastures of perennial cool-season grasses were not sustained beyond two growing seasons with tall wheatgrass [Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski], intermediate wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski] and a creeping wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens L.) x bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh)] hybrid. Lack of persistence and low productivity limit the usefulness of cool-season perennial grasses for over-seeding unimproved warm-season pasture in the southern Great Plains. C1 [Bartholomew, P. W.; Williams, R. D.] Langston Univ, USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Bartholomew, PW (reprint author), Langston Univ, USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM pbarthol@luresext.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1 BP 94 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2007.00617.x PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 262AI UT WOS:000253121000009 ER PT J AU Conaghan, P Casler, MD McGilloway, DA O'Kiely, P Dowley, LJ AF Conaghan, P. Casler, M. D. McGilloway, D. A. O'Kiely, P. Dowley, L. J. TI Genotype x environment interactions for herbage yield of perennial ryegrass sward plots in Ireland SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE perennial ryegrass; forage yield; genotype x environment interactions; variance components; resource allocation ID FORAGE GRASS TRIALS; LOLIUM-PERENNE; VARIABILITY; VARIETIES; PERMANENT; PRECISION; QUALITY AB Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is by far the most widely sown grass species in Ireland. Genotype x environment (G x E) interactions are a frequent occurrence in herbage yield evaluations. The objectives were to determine (i) the nature and relative magnitudes of the pertinent G x E interaction variance components for dry matter yield of perennial ryegrass sward plots in Ireland and (ii) the optimal allocation of replicates, locations and years in a testing programme. Sixteen perennial ryegrass cultivars were sown at six locations throughout Ireland between 2000 and 2004. Plots from each sowing were harvested for 2 consecutive years under a simulated mixed grazing and conservation management programme. The largest component of the G x E variance was generally genotype x location x year emphasizing the need for evaluation of genotypes across locations and years to adequately characterize genotypes for differences in yield. Relative differences among genotypes from year to year and location to location were due mainly to changes in genotype rankings. Weather was estimated to have a greater effect on annual variation in herbage yield than age of stand. The optimum allocation of resources for a testing programme was estimated at four replicates per location, and either two locations and 3 sowing years or three locations and 2 sowing years with 2 harvest years for each sowing year. The most appropriate option depends on the relative importance of time vs. financial resources. C1 [Conaghan, P.; Dowley, L. J.] Teagasc, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Co Carlow, Ireland. [Casler, M. D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McGilloway, D. A.] Crop Testing Ctr, Dept Agr & Food, Leixlip, Kildare, Ireland. [O'Kiely, P.] Teagasc, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. RP Conaghan, P (reprint author), Teagasc, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Co Carlow, Ireland. EM patrick.conaghan@teagasc.ie NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2007.00618.x PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 262AI UT WOS:000253121000010 ER PT J AU Mayer, TD Congdon, RD AF Mayer, Timothy D. Congdon, Roger D. TI Evaluating climate variability and pumping effects in statistical analyses SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID WATER-BUDGET MYTH; CLARK-COUNTY; MOAPA-CORIACEA; MUDDY RIVER; SAFE YIELD; NEVADA; FISHES; SYSTEM; INDEX; MODEL AB As development of ground water resources reaches the limits of sustainability, it is likely that even small changes in inflow, outflow, or storage will have economic or environmental consequences. Anthropogenic impacts of concern may be on the scale of natural variability, making it difficult to distinguish between the two. Under these circumstances, we believe that it is important to account for effects from both ground water development and climate variability. We use several statistical methods, including trend analysis, cluster analysis, and time series analysis with seasonal decomposition, to identify climate and anthropogenic effects in regional ground water levels and spring discharge in southern Nevada. We discuss the parameterization of climate and suggest that the relative importance of various measures of climate provides information about the aquifer system response to climate. In our system, which may be characteristic of much of the and southwestern United States, ground water levels are much more responsive to wet years than to dry years, based on the importance of selected climate parameters in the regression. Using cluster analysis and time series seasonal decomposition, we relate differences in amplitude and phase in the seasonal signal to two major forcings - climate and pumping - and distinguish between a regional recharge response to an extremely wet year and a seasonal pumping/evapotranspiration response that decays with distance from the pumping center. The observed spring discharge data support our hypothesis that regional spring discharge, particularly at higher elevation springs, is sensitive to relatively small ground water level changes. C1 [Mayer, Timothy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Congdon, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Mayer, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM tim_mayer@fws.gov; rcongdon@fs.fed.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 212 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00381.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 271TQ UT WOS:000253812000007 PM 18307431 ER PT J AU Sthapit, E Ochs, CA Zimba, PV AF Sthapit, Engela Ochs, Clifford A. Zimba, Paul V. TI Spatial and temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure in a southeastern US reservoir determined by HPLC and light microscopy SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; plankton; reservoir; lakes; HPLC ID AUTOTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; LAKE; ABUNDANCE; RIVER; SUCCESSION; BIOMASS; CARBON; TIME AB Spatial and temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure within a large flood-control reservoir (Sardis Reservoir, MS, USA) was investigated in relation to variation in physicochemical properties, location within the reservoir, hydraulic residence time (HRT), nutrient concentrations, temperature, and light conditions over a 14-month period. During periods of short HRT, phytoplankton communities throughout the reservoir were homogeneous in biomass, composition, and production. With a gradual increase in HRT from spring to summer, spatially heterogeneous phytoplankton communities developed along the longitudinal axis of the reservoir. During this period of longer HRT, diatoms and chlorophytes were a larger proportion of total phytoplankton biomass at shallow and more turbid locations near the head of the reservoir, whereas cyanobacteria were a larger proportion of the community at deeper and less turbid locations closer to the outflow. Seasonal succession of the phytoplankton community was represented by high abundance of diatoms in spring, increasing biomass of cyanobacteria through summer, and a secondary bloom of diatoms in fall. Species of Cyclotella, Asterionella, Nitzschia, and Ankistrodesmus were among the first colonizers in the early growing season, closely followed by Aulacoseira, whereas species of Staurastrum and Tetraedron appeared later in the spring. Species of Synedra, Crucigenia, Selenastrum, Scenedesmus, and Merismopedia occurred throughout the sampling period. As the diatoms started to decrease during mid-spring, cryptophytes increased, prior to dominance of species of Pseudanabaena in summer. Reservoir management of HRT, in combination with spatial variation in reservoir morphology and seasonal variation in temperature and riverine nutrient inputs, creates seasonally variable yet distinct spatial patterns in phytoplankton community biomass, composition, and production. C1 [Sthapit, Engela; Ochs, Clifford A.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sthapit, E (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, 214 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS 38677 USA. EM engelasthapit@gmail.com; byochs@olemiss.edu; paul.zimba@ars.usda.gov RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 600 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9234-7 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 271BZ UT WOS:000253765200020 ER PT J AU Dreisbach, AW Rice, JC Japa, S Newman, JW Sigel, A Gill, RS Hess, AE Cemo, AC Fonseca, JP Hammock, BD Lertora, JJL Hamm, LL AF Dreisbach, Albert W. Rice, Janet C. Japa, Shanker Newman, John W. Sigel, Aster Gill, Rajan S. Hess, Arthur E. Cemo, Angela C. Fonseca, Juan P. Hammock, Bruce D. Lertora, Juan J. L. Hamm, L. Lee TI Salt loading increases urinary excretion of linoleic acid diols and triols in healthy human subjects SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY OCT 31-NOV 05, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Nephrol DE linoleic acid; hypertension; salt loading; salt excretion; prostacyclin; PGE2 ID VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; LEUKOCYTE SODIUM-TRANSPORT; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; HYPERTENSION; EPOXYGENASE; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEPRIVATION; METABOLITES AB Increased dietary linoleic acid has been associated with reduced blood pressure in clinical and animal studies possibly mediated by prostaglandins. Urinary linoleate and prostaglandin metabolite excretion were investigated in subjects exposed to a salt-loading/salt-depletion regimen. Twelve healthy subjects were recruited from the New Orleans population ( before Hurricaine Katrina) and admitted to the Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center after a 5-day outpatient lead-in phase on a 160-mmol sodium diet. On inpatient day 1, the subjects were maintained on the 160-mmol sodium diet, and a 24-hour urine specimen was collected. On day 2, the subjects received 2 L of IV normal saline over 4 hours and continued on a 160-mmol Na+ diet ( total: 460 mmol of sodium). Two 12-hour urine collections were obtained. On day 3, the subjects received three 40-mg oral doses of furosemide, two 12-hour urine collections were obtained, and the subjects were given a 10-mmol sodium diet. Urinary oxidized lipids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectroscopy. The excretion of the urinary linoleate metabolites, dihydroxyoctadecamonoenoic acids, and trihydroxyoctadecamonoenoic acids increased significantly during intravenous salt loading as compared with day 1 and the salt-depleted periods. The urinary excretion of 6-keto- prostaglandin F1 alpha was unaffected by salt loading but was dramatically increased 7- to 10-fold by salt depletion. Prostaglandin E2 excretion was positively correlated with sodium excretion. The salt-stimulated production of linoleic acid diols and triols may inhibit tubular sodium reabsorption, thereby assisting in the excretion of the sodium load. C1 [Dreisbach, Albert W.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Dreisbach, Albert W.; Japa, Shanker; Sigel, Aster; Hess, Arthur E.; Fonseca, Juan P.; Lertora, Juan J. L.; Hamm, L. Lee] Tulane Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA USA. [Rice, Janet C.] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, New Orleans, LA USA. [Japa, Shanker; Cemo, Angela C.; Lertora, Juan J. L.] Tulane Louisiana State Univ Char Hosp, Gen Clin Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Newman, John W.; Gill, Rajan S.; Hammock, Bruce D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.; Gill, Rajan S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Dreisbach, AW (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM adreisbach@umsmed.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR05096, 5 P20 RR 017659]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004699, ES05707, R01 ES013933, R01 ES013933-03, R37 ES02710] NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD MAR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 755 EP 761 DI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.100123 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 266IR UT WOS:000253428200030 PM 18227407 ER PT J AU Thomson, SJ Smith, LA AF Thomson, Steven J. Smith, Lowrey A. TI Crop dusting using GPS SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT; RECEIVERS; VIDEO AB Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and GPS-based swath guidance systems are used on agricultural aircraft for remote sensing, airplane guidance, and to support variable-rate aerial application of crop inputs such as insecticides, cotton growth regulators, and defoliants. Agricultural aircraft travel at much greater speeds than ground equipment (65 m/s, typically), so longitudinal (along-track) error in GPS-derived position is likely to be pronounced. Due to rapid ground speeds, determination of exact GPS-derived aircraft location requires special methodologies. To meet the need for determining ground position accurately, a ground-based spotting system using two strategically placed mirrors was designed to reflect sunlight to the belly of the aircraft when the plane passed over a ground reference point. The light beam was detected by a photocell on the airplane, causing a solid state relay to close through appropriate circuitry. When the relay closed, a record was placed in the data file for the airplane's Satloc GPS receiver, accurate to 0.01 s allowing exact position to be logged. Two stand-alone GPS receivers were evaluated along with the Satloc system, and their readings were compared with readings from the Satloc. For one day of testing used as an example, the Satloc lagged the ground reference point by an average of -4.53 m (S.D. = 0.68) in the east-west directions and led the reference point in the north-south directions by an average of +7.88 m (S.D. = 0.52). Positioning data from one stand-alone GIPS receiver showed a distinct ground speed dependency, making it unsuitable for use in aircraft. Output from the other receiver (designed for aircraft use) was insensitive to ground speed changes but exhibited a look-ahead equivalent to 2-s at the ground speeds evaluated. C1 [Thomson, Steven J.; Smith, Lowrey A.] ARS, USDA, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomson, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1109/MAES.2008.4476100 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 332HY UT WOS:000258075300002 ER PT J AU McIntosh, RB Casada, ME AF McIntosh, Robert B. Casada, Mark E. TI Fringing field capacitance sensor for measuring the moisture content of agricultural commodities SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE capacitance sensor; dielectric constant; grain storage management; moisture content (MC); moisture sensor AB A fringing field capacitive sensor is described for measuring the moisture content (MC) and temperature of agricultural commodities. Sensor performance was characterized by mounting the device on handheld probes and in acrylic canisters to determine the dielectric constant and MC of wheat and corn. The handheld probes demonstrated a promising capability to measure the MC of grain in hoppers, truck beds, and cargo holds. It is proposed that the sensors be supported on cables in grain silos and storage bins to acquire in situ data for grain storage management and control of aeration systems. The sensor is watertight and constructed with corrosion resistant materials which allow MC measurements to be made of industrial materials, chemicals, and fuels. C1 [McIntosh, Robert B.] Horizon Technol Grp Inc, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Casada, Mark E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP McIntosh, RB (reprint author), Horizon Technol Grp Inc, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM horizontechnology@cox.net; casada@ksu.edu NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2007.913140 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 342CU UT WOS:000258763000008 ER PT J AU Cruz, LF Fellers, JP Trick, HN AF Cruz, Luisa F. Fellers, John P. Trick, Harold N. TI Wheat virus resistance via interference RNA SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fellers, John P.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM luisac@ksu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600141 ER PT J AU Evens, TJ Niedz, RP AF Evens, T. J. Niedz, R. P. TI ARS-media - A new public domain software package for the calculation of media recipes based on ion-specific constraints SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Evens, T. J.; Niedz, R. P.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM terence.evens@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S71 EP S72 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600180 ER PT J AU Jenderek, MM Skogerboe, D Ellis, D AF Jenderek, M. M. Skogerboe, D. Ellis, D. TI Improvement of cryopreservation technique for long-term storage of shoot tips of Ipomoea batatis SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jenderek, M. M.; Skogerboe, D.; Ellis, D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM maria.jenderek@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S69 EP S69 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600175 ER PT J AU Muminova, M Reed, BM AF Muminova, Magfrat Reed, Barbara M. TI Polyvinyl pyrrolidone is not effective for improving recovery of cryopreserved shoots from two Rubus cultivars SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM mmuminova@yahoo.com; Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600156 ER PT J AU Nass, L Ellis, D AF Nass, Luciano Ellis, David TI 70 yr of lessons on biofuel production from Brazil SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nass, Luciano; Ellis, David] ARS, USDA, NCGRP, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Luciano.Nass@ARS.USDA.GOV; David.Ellis@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S5 EP S6 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600014 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP Evens, TJ AF Niedz, R. P. Evens, T. J. TI Regulating NH4+, NO3+, and K+ concentration and proportions improves in vitro tissue growth SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Niedz, R. P.; Evens, T. J.] ARS, USDA, US Horticulture Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Randall.Niedz@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600181 ER PT J AU Potenza, C Yeater, K James, D Barrow, J AF Potenza, C. Yeater, K. James, D. Barrow, J. TI Aseptic coculture of native plant-derived calli with native and normative seedlings affects growth in a dose-dependent and contact-independent manner SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Potenza, C.; James, D.; Barrow, J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Area, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Yeater, K.] USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM cpotenza@nmsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S53 EP S53 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600133 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF Kelley, RY AF Sakhanokho, Hamidou F. Kelley, Rowena Y. TI Salicylic acid improved in vitro meristem regeneration and salt tolerance in two Hibiscus species SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sakhanokho, Hamidou F.] ARS, So Horticultural Lab, USDA, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Kelley, Rowena Y.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Hamidou.Sakhanokho@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S79 EP S79 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600198 ER PT J AU Savary, BJ Vasu, P Anandan, D Smigocki, AC Nunez, A AF Savary, Brett J. Vasu, Prasanna Anandan, Daya Smigocki, Ann C. Nunez, Alberto TI Growth patterns, secreted protein profiles, and EST transcripts from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hairy-root cultures SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Savary, Brett J.; Vasu, Prasanna; Anandan, Daya] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Blosci Inst, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Savary, Brett J.] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Smigocki, Ann C.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nunez, Alberto] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bsavary@astate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S53 EP S54 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600135 ER PT J AU Stanley, D Goodman, C Song, Q An, S McIntosh, A AF Stanley, D. Goodman, C. Song, Q. An, S. McIntosh, A. TI Prostaglandin A(2) significantly alters gene expression in an established insect cell line (BCIRL-HzAM1) SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stanley, D.; Goodman, C.; McIntosh, A.] ARS, USDA, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Song, Q.; An, S.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM David.Stanley@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600111 ER PT J AU Stanley, D Goodman, C AF Stanley, David Goodman, Cynthia TI Prostaglandin actions in an established insect cell line SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stanley, David; Goodman, Cynthia] ARS, USDA, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM David.Stanley@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600042 ER PT J AU Tyagi, N Dahleen, LS AF Tyagi, N. Dahleen, L. S. TI Expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes in barley tissue culture SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM neerjatyagi@yahoo.co.in NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600195 ER PT J AU Uchendu, EE Reed, BM AF Uchendu, Esther E. Reed, Barbara M. TI In vitro antioxidant treatment improves the recovery of cryopreserved blackberry shoot tips SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Uchendu, Esther E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM uchendue@onid.oregonstate.edu; Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S63 EP S63 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600160 ER PT J AU Khan, IA Hakak, R Eberle, K Sayles, P Weiss, LM Urban, JF AF Khan, Imtiaz A. Hakak, Rubeena Eberle, Karen Sayles, Peter Weiss, Louis M. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI Coinfection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus fails to establish CD8(+) T-cell immunity against Toxoplasma gondii SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; IFN-GAMMA; INFECTION; MICE; ANTIGEN; MEMORY; IL-15; LYMPHOCYTES; INTESTINE AB CD8(+) T-cell immunity is important for long-term protection against Toxoplasma gondii infection. However, a Th1 cytokine environment, especially the presence of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), is essential for the development of primary CD8(+) T-cell immunity against this obligate intracellular pathogen. Earlier studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that mice lacking optimal IFN-gamma levels fail to develop robust CD8(+) T-cell immunity against T. gondii. In the present study, induction of primary CD8(+) T-cell immune response against T. gondii infection was evaluated in mice infected earlier with Heligmosomoides polygyrus, a gastrointestinal worm known to evoke a polarized Th2 response in the host. In the early stage of T. gondii infection, both CD4 and CD8(+) T-cell responses against the parasite were suppressed in the dually infected mice. At the later stages, however, T. gondii-specific CD4(+) T-cell immunity recovered, while CD8(+) T-cell responses remained low. Unlike in mice infected with T. gondii alone, depletion of CD4(+) T cells in the dually infected mice led to reactivation of chronic infection, leading to Toxoplasma-related encephalitis. Our observations strongly suggest that prior infection with a Th2 cytokine-polarizing pathogen can inhibit the development of CD8(+) T-cell immune response against T. gondii, thus compromising long-term protection against a protozoan parasite. This is the first study to examine the generation of CD8(+) T-cell immune response in a parasitic nematode and protozoan coinfection model that has important implications for infections where a CD8(+) T-cell response is critical for host protection and reduced infection pathology. C1 [Khan, Imtiaz A.] George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol & Trop Med & Immunol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Hakak, Rubeena; Eberle, Karen] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Sayles, Peter] Trudeau Inst Inc, Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA. [Weiss, Louis M.] Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Khan, IA (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol & Trop Med & Immunol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM mtmixk@gwumc.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI039454-11, AI33325, R01 AI039454, R01 AI033325] NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1305 EP 1313 DI 10.1128/IAI.01236-07 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268FC UT WOS:000253563500052 PM 18195022 ER PT J AU Stanley, DW Goodman, C An, SH McIntosh, A Song, QH AF Stanley, David W. Goodman, Cynthia An, Shiheng McIntosh, Arthur Song, Qisheng TI Prostaglandins A(1) and E-1 influence gene expression in an established insect cell line (BCIRL-HzAM1 cells) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect cell line; AMHz1 cells; prostaglandins; 2D electrophoresis; mass spectrometry; semi-quantitative PCR ID E EP RECEPTORS; BOMBYX-MORI; SUBTYPES; EICOSANOIDS; SECRETION; PATHWAY; GLANDS; PGE(2); TICK AB Prostaglandins (PGs) and other eicosanoids exert important physiological actions in insects and other invertebrates, including influencing ion transport and mediating cellular immune defense functions. Although these actions are very well documented, we have no information on the mechanisms of PGs actions in insect cells. Here we report on the outcomes of experiments designed to test our hypothesis that PGs modulate gene expression in an insect cell line established from pupal ovarian tissue of the moth Helicoverpa zea (BCIRL-HzAM1 cells). We treated cells with either PGA(1) or PGE(1) for 12 or 24 h then analyzed cell lysates by 2-D electrophoresis. Analysis of the gels by densitometry revealed substantial changes in protein expression in some of the protein spots we analyzed. These spots were processed for mass spectrometric analysis by MALDI TOF/TOF, which yielded in silico protein identities for all 34 spots. The apparent changes in three of the proteins were confirmed by semi-quantative PCR, showing that the changes in mRNA expression were reflected in changes in protein expression. The 34 proteins were sorted into six categories, protein actions, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, protection, cell functions and metabolism. The findings support the hypothesis that one mechanism of PG action in insect cells is the modulation of gene expression. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stanley, David W.; Goodman, Cynthia; McIntosh, Arthur] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [An, Shiheng; Song, Qisheng] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Stanley, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.11.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 268VA UT WOS:000253606700001 PM 18252242 ER PT J AU Ebermann, E Moser, JC AF Ebermann, Ernst Moser, John C. TI Mites (Acari : Scutacaridae) associated with the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera : Formicidae), from Louisiana and Tennessee, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Scutacaridae; Imparipes; Scutacarus; RIFA; phoresy; USA ID PYEMOTIDAE; AMERICA AB Four species of Scutacarus and one of Imparipes (Acari: Scutacaridae) are documented as phoretic from alates and workers of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) in Louisiana and Tennessee, U.S.A. One, Imparipes (Imparipes) louisianae n. sp., and two Scutacarus nanus n. sp. and Scutacarus tertius n. sp., are described. The biology and phoretic behaviors of all five species are discussed from those collected from the vicinity of Pineville, Louisiana. C1 [Ebermann, Ernst] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Zool, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Moser, John C.] USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ebermann, E (reprint author), Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Zool, Univ Pl 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM ernst.ebermann@uni-graz.at; jmoser@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 270BL UT WOS:000253694800004 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Wang, XD Chien, KL Ge, Z Rickman, BH Rogers, AB Varro, A Whary, MT Wang, TC Fox, JG AF Lee, Chung-Wei Wang, Xiang-Dong Chien, Kuo-Liong Ge, Zhongming Rickman, Barry H. Rogers, Arlin B. Varro, Andrea Whary, Mark T. Wang, Timothy C. Fox, James G. TI Vitamin C supplementation does not protect L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase-deficient mice from Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and gastric premalignancy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; vitamin C; gulo(-/-) mouse model ID RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE; ASCORBIC-ACID CONCENTRATIONS; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTS; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; MUCOSAL HISTOLOGY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; C57BL/6 MICE; MOUSE MODEL; WILD-TYPE AB In human studies, low vitamin C intake has been associated with more severe Helicobacter pylori gastritis and a higher incidence of gastric cancer. However, vitamin C supplementation has not been definitively shown to protect against gastric cancer. Using vitamin C-deficient B6.129P2-Gulo(tmUmc/mmcd) (gulo(-/-)) mice lacking L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, we compared gastric lesions and Thl immune responses in H. pylori-infected gulo(-/-) mice supplemented with low (33 mg/L) or high (3,300 mg/L) vitamin C in drinking water for 16 or 32 weeks. Vitamin C levels in plasma and gastric tissue correlated with the vitamin C supplementation levels in gulo(-/-) mice. H. pylori infection resulted in comparable gastritis and premalignant lesions in wildtype C57BL/6 and gulo(-/-) mice supplemented with high vitamin C, but lesions were less severe in gulo(-/-) mice supplemented with low vitamin C at 32 weeks post infection. The reduced gastric lesions in infected gulo(-/-) mice supplemented with low vitamin C correlated with reduced Th1-associated IgG2c, gastric IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNA and higher H. pylori colonization levels. These results in the H. pylori-infected gulo(-/-) mouse model suggest that although supplementation with a high level of vitamin C achieved physiologically normal vitamin C levels in plasma and gastric tissue, this dose of vitamin C did not protect gulo(-/-) mice from H. pylori-induced premalignant gastric lesions. In addition, less severe gastric lesions in H. pylori infected gulo(-/-) mice supplemented with low vitamin C correlated with an attenuated Thl inflammatory response. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Lee, Chung-Wei; Ge, Zhongming; Rickman, Barry H.; Rogers, Arlin B.; Whary, Mark T.; Fox, James G.] MIT, Div Comparat Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, Chung-Wei; Fox, James G.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chien, Kuo-Liong] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chien, Kuo-Liong] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Prevent Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Varro, Andrea] Univ Liverpool, Physiol Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Wang, Timothy C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Div Digest & Liver Dis, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Fox, JG (reprint author), MIT, Div Comparat Med, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jgfox@mit.edu RI Varro, Andras/M-2647-2016 OI Varro, Andras/0000-0003-0745-3603 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA093405, P01CA26731, P01 CA026731-299002, P01 CA026731]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI037750-12, R01 AI037750-13, R01 AI037750, R01AI37750]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES002109, P30 ES002109-299010, P30ES02109] NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 122 IS 5 BP 1068 EP 1076 DI 10.1002/ijc.23228 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 260TW UT WOS:000253034300014 PM 17990318 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Kelsey, RG AF Manter, Daniel K. Kelsey, Rick G. TI Ethanol accumulation in drought-stressed conifer seedlings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; fermentation; lodgepole pine; ponderosa pine; water stress ID CYTOPLASMIC PH REGULATION; MENZIESII MIRB. FRANCO; LOW-OXYGEN ENVIRONMENT; DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; PONDEROSA PINE; BARK BEETLES; ROOT-TIPS; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; HOST SELECTION; TOBACCO POLLEN AB In this study, we investigated the effect of drought stress on ethanol production and accumulation in tissues from seedlings of three conifers (Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and ponderosa pine) with increasing degrees of tolerance to drought stress, respectively. Significant ethanol accumulation was only observed in their aerial tissues when severely stressed (water potential < -3.0 MPa or water content < 0.4 g g(-1) dry mass), with needles accumulating greater quantities than the sapwood or phloem. All species had the same predawn water potentials when sampled, but they were experiencing different levels of stress based on their foliar water contents. Severely stressed Douglas-fir contained higher ethanol and lower water contents (except phloem) than the more drought-tolerant ponderosa pine seedlings. Lodgepole pine with intermediate drought tolerance tended to have intermediate quantities of both components. The mechanistic basis of ethanol accumulation associated with drought stress remains to be determined, especially in larger trees. We speculate that increased levels of in situ ethanol synthesis in seedlings may be associated with heat injury (e. g., membrane damage) due to a reduction in transpirational cooling after stomatal closure. Drought-induced hypoxia may also contribute to ethanol accumulation in the sapwood. C1 [Manter, Daniel K.; Kelsey, Rick G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, No Plains Area,Ft Collins, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@arsusda.gov NR 70 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 169 IS 3 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1086/526462 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 266RE UT WOS:000253453900004 ER PT J AU Pendleton, RL Kitchen, SG Mudge, J McArthur, ED AF Pendleton, Rosemary L. Kitchen, Stanley G. Mudge, Joann McArthur, E. Durant TI Origin of the flax cultivar 'Appar' and its position within the Linum perenne complex SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE heterostyly; Linum lewisii; native plants; revegetation; morphometrics; RAPDs ID SPECIES CONCEPT; MARKERS AB The 'Appar' flax germplasm was originally released by the USDA Soil Conservation Service as a cultivar of Linum lewisii. The observation that 'Appar' is heterostylic, a key taxonomic character distinguishing Lewis flax from other members of the Linum perenne complex, created a need for further study in order to resolve the taxonomic position of both Lewis flax and the 'Appar' cultivar. We grew 10 plants each of nine European, nine North American, and three putative 'Appar' seed sources, measured 18 morphologic variables on each plant, and examined genetic variation using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). We also performed self- and cross-pollinations within and among source groups. North American collections differed from European collections for 12 of the 18 morphologic variables. 'Appar' collections were morphologically similar to European collections and differed from North American collections for 13 of the 18 variables. RAPD data also showed that 'Appar' sources clustered with European, and both were distinct from North American sources. European and 'Appar' collections were self- sterile and interfertile, whereas North American collections were self- fertile but reproductively isolated from European and 'Appar' collections. We conclude that L. lewisii is a distinct species within the L. perenne complex and that 'Appar' should be classified as L. perenne. This study provides an example of how questions regarding origin and/or taxonomy of plant materials developed for restoration can be resolved. C1 [Pendleton, Rosemary L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Kitchen, Stanley G.; Mudge, Joann; McArthur, E. Durant] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Pendleton, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM rpendleton@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 169 IS 3 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1086/526464 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 266RE UT WOS:000253453900010 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Chavez, JL Colaizzi, PD Evett, SR Howell, TA Tolk, JA AF Gowda, Prasanna H. Chavez, Jose L. Colaizzi, Paul D. Evett, Steve R. Howell, Terry A. Tolk, Judy A. TI ET mapping for agricultural water management: present status and challenges SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; STATION METEOROLOGICAL DATA; THERMAL-INFRARED DATA; OF-DAY MEASUREMENTS; SOIL HEAT-FLUX; CROP COEFFICIENTS; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; ESTIMATING EVAPORATION; LAYER RESISTANCE AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential component of the water balance. Remote sensing based agrometeorological models are presently most suited for estimating crop water use at both field and regional scales. Numerous ET algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data acquired by sensors on airborne and satellite platforms. In this paper, a literature review was done to evaluate numerous commonly used remote sensing based algorithms for their ability to estimate regional ET accurately. The reported estimation accuracy varied from 67 to 97% for daily ET and above 94% for seasonal ET indicating that they have the potential to estimate regional ET accurately. However, there are opportunities to further improving these models for accurately estimating all energy balance components. The spatial and temporal remote sensing data from the existing set of earth observing satellite platforms are not sufficient enough to be used in the estimation of spatially distributed ET for on-farm irrigation management purposes, especially at a field scale level (similar to 10 to 200 ha). This will be constrained further if the thermal sensors on future Landsat satellites are abandoned. However, research opportunities exist to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of ET by developing algorithms to increase the spatial resolution of reflectance and surface temperature data derived from Landsat/ASTER/MODIS images using same/other-sensor high resolution multi-spectral images. C1 [Gowda, Prasanna H.; Chavez, Jose L.; Colaizzi, Paul D.; Evett, Steve R.; Howell, Terry A.; Tolk, Judy A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM pgowda@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 113 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 8 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s00271-007-0088-6 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 265HU UT WOS:000253350500003 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Mengistu, A AF Bellaloui, Nacer Mengistu, Alemu TI Seed composition is influenced by irrigation regimes and cultivar differences in soybean SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; ASSIMILATION; WATER; OIL; TEMPERATURE; NUTRITION; PROTEIN AB In the midsouth USA, soybean is produced either under irrigated or non-irrigated conditions. The objective of this experiment was to show the utility of supplemental irrigation as an alternative to full-season and non-irrigation to achieve high yield and high seed composition. The effects of irrigation and cultivar differences on soybean yield and seed composition were conducted. Two cultivars (Dwight and Freedom) and three irrigation regimes (full-season irrigation, FS; reproductive stage/supplemental irrigation, RI; and non-irrigation, NI) were used. Protein percentage was higher in Dwight under FS and RI than NI. In Freedom, protein percentage was higher under NI than under FS and RI. Under NI, Freedom had higher protein percentage than Dwight, especially in 2004, but lower oil in 2003 and 2004. Cultivars showed significant differences in fatty acids. Yield in Freedom under FS and RI was not significantly different. Nitrogen fixation was substantially higher under NI conditions. The results indicate that irrigation management and cultivar selection significantly affect seed composition and yield. Protein increase in Freedom under non-irrigated conditions may benefit producers for high protein seed under dry-land conditions. Supplemental irrigation at the reproductive stage may be a possible alternative for full season irrigation for the cultivar Freedom. C1 [Bellaloui, Nacer] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Mengistu, Alemu] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nbellaloui@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s00271-007-0091-y PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 265HU UT WOS:000253350500006 ER PT J AU Wu, J Bauer, ME Wang, D Manson, SM AF Wu, Jindong Bauer, Marvin E. Wang, Dong Manson, Steven M. TI A comparison of illumination geometry-based methods for topographic correction of QuickBird images of an undulant area SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE bidirectional; DEM; high resolution; QuickBird; topography ID LANDSAT-TM DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; ANISOTROPIC REFLECTANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; RADIOMETRIC CORRECTION; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; RESOLUTION IMAGERY; SPECTRAL RESPONSE; POTATO CANOPIES; RUGGED TERRAIN AB The high spatial resolution of QuickBird satellite images makes it possible to show spatial variability at fine details. However, the effect of topography-induced illumination variations become more evident, even in moderately sloped areas. Based on a high resolution (I m) digital elevation model generated with high-frequency real-time kinematic global position system measurements, this study assessed topographic effects on QuickBird images of an undulant area (with a maximum slope of 7.4 degrees) under different illumination and ground conditions. For land surfaces that were characterized by a non-Lambertian reflection, significant bidirectional variations in spectral radiances were found in all bands. The effectiveness of four illumination geometry-based topographic correction methods was evaluated. The results indicated that the empirical correction was the most effective method for all spectral bands in both solar and view directions, while the cosine correction gave the worst results. The C correction (in the solar direction) and the Minnaert correction reduced topographic effects, but not as effectively as the empirical correction. For the Lambertian, topographic effects were substantial only in the near infrared band in the solar direction. Bidirectional variations of spectral radiances in other bands and/or view directions were minimal and topographic corrections may not be necessary. None of these methods significantly changed the spatial variability of spectral radiances, although the histogram distributions were greatly modified by the cosine correction and the Minnaert correction. (C) 2007 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Jindong; Bauer, Marvin E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wang, Dong] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Manson, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jindong@umn.edu RI Steven, Manson/B-9061-2008 OI Steven, Manson/0000-0001-7697-5339 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2007.08.004 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 283TY UT WOS:000254660600006 ER PT J AU Karakoti, AS Monteiro-Riviere, NA Aggarwal, R Davis, JP Narayan, RJ Self, WT McGinnis, J Seal, S AF Karakoti, A. S. Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. Aggarwal, R. Davis, J. P. Narayan, R. J. Self, W. T. McGinnis, J. Seal, S. TI Nanoceria as antioxidant: Synthesis and biomedical applications SO JOM LA English DT Article ID CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; DAMAGE; PROTECTION; STABILITY; TOXICITY; SURFACES AB The therapeutic application of nanomaterials has been a focus of numerous studies in the past decade. Due to its unique redox properties, cerium oxide (ceria) is finding widespread use in the treatment of medical disorders caused by the reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). The radical-scavenging role of ceria nanoparticles (nanoceria) have been established, as well as the autocatalytic ability of nanoceria to regenerate under various environmental conditions. The synthesis of nanoceria in biocompatible media has also been reported along with cell viability in order to determine the potential use of nanoceria in biomedical applications. C1 [Karakoti, A. S.; Seal, S.] Univ Cent Florida, Surface Engn & Nanotechnol Facil, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Monteiro-Riviere, N. A.; Aggarwal, R.; Narayan, R. J.] Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC USA. [Monteiro-Riviere, N. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Chem Toxicol Res & Pharmacokinet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, J. P.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Deot Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Self, W. T.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Burnett Coll Biomed Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [McGinnis, J.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Ophthalmol, Dean A McGee Eye Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Seal, S.] Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci & Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Karakoti, AS (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Surface Engn & Nanotechnol Facil, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM roger_narayan@unc.edu RI Self, William/A-6704-2008; Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013 OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR017703, P20 RR017703-076665]; NEI NIH HHS [R21 EY018306, R21 EY018306-02]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG031529, R01 AG031529-02]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB003090] NR 30 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 6 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2008 VL 60 IS 3 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0029-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 272IK UT WOS:000253852900008 PM 20617106 ER PT J AU Finley, AO Banerjee, S Ek, AR McRoberts, RE AF Finley, Andrew O. Banerjee, Sudipto Ek, Alan R. McRoberts, Ronald E. TI Bayesian multivariate process modeling for prediction of forest attributes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; coregionalization; forest inventory; Markov chain; Monte Carlo; multivariate spatial process ID INVENTORY; MATRICES AB This article investigates multivariate spatial process models suitable for predicting multiple forest attributes using a multisource forest inventory approach. Such data settings involve several spatially dependent response variables arising in each location. Not only does each variable vary across space, they are likely to be correlated among themselves. Traditional approaches have attempted to model such data using simplifying assumptions, such as a common rate of decay in the spatial correlation or simplified cross-covariance structures among the response variables. Our current focus is to produce spatially explicit, tree species specific, prediction of forest biomass per hectare over a region of interest. Modeling such associations presents challenges in terms of validity of probability distributions as well as issues concerning identifiability and estimability of parameters. Our template encompasses several models with different correlation structures. These models represent different hypotheses whose tenability are assessed using formal model comparisons. We adopt a Bayesian hierarchical approach offering a sampling-based inferential framework using efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for estimating model parameters. C1 [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Banerjee, Sudipto] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ek, Alan R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Rest Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Finley, AO (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM finleya@msu.edu NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 60 EP 83 DI 10.1198/108571108X273160 PG 24 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 270QG UT WOS:000253734700004 ER PT J AU Purdy, P AF Purdy, Phillip TI Detection of boar sperm plasma membrane protein using Rhodamine 640; Implications for cryobiology and physiology SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY APR 12-15, 2008 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Androl C1 USDA ARS, PAGRPRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 SU S MA 66 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 268PN UT WOS:000253591800068 ER PT J AU Kuehn, LA Notter, DR Lewis, RM AF Kuehn, L. A. Notter, D. R. Lewis, R. M. TI Assessing genetic gain, inbreeding, and bias attributable to different flock genetic means in alternative sheep sire referencing schemes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE simulation; genetic evaluation; bias; sheep ID POPULATIONS; IMPROVEMENT; SELECTION; SIZE AB Flocks participating in sire referencing schemes can achieve greater genetic gains than those achievable by within-flock selection. However, requirements for joining these schemes can be prohibitive to some producers. The objectives of this study were to determine whether less restrictive schemes or schemes of shorter duration could achieve rates of gain and reduce inbreeding as efficiently as continuous sire referencing schemes (SRS) and to investigate whether bias from different genetic means could be reduced by these alternative schemes. Pedigree and performance data for a single trait with a within-flock heritability of 0.25 were simulated (50 replications) for 15 flocks with 40 to 140 ewes per flock. Founder genetic means for each flock were sampled from a normal distribution with mean 0 and SD equal to the trait's genetic SD. After 10 yr of random mating, flocks had the opportunity to join an SRS and begin selection for the simulated trait. Yearling rams were chosen as reference sires randomly from the top one-sixth of the population ranked on BLUP EBV. Every year, in each flock, 3 reference sires were mated to 10 ewes. Six sire referencing scenarios were considered, in which all flocks participated in a SRS for 1) 15 yr; 2) 5 yr before discontinuing the scheme; 3) 10 yr before discontinuing the scheme; 4) 2 out of every 3 yr; 5) 15 yr with reference sire mating by natural service; and 6) no years (no use of SRS). Ewes not mated to reference sires were mated either to their own homebred sires exclusively or to a mixture of homebred and unrelated purchased rams of unknown merit. Genetic gain was equivalent whether the SRS used AI or natural service matings, although inbreeding was lower with natural service. Across all scenarios, genetic gain and inbreeding were greater when excess ewes were mated exclusively to homebred sires. Genetic gains without SRS were 80 to 82% lower than when the scheme operated for 15 yr, whereas inbreeding was considerably greater. Other scenarios were intermediate in both gain and inbreeding levels. In all SRS scenarios, bias in EBV attributable to differing flock genetic means rapidly decreased in the first 5 yr of sire referencing. Levels of bias did not substantially increase when flocks discontinued SRS after 5 or 10 yr, suggesting that further participation in an SRS may not be necessary to manage risk. Natural service and noncontinuous SRS are viable options to continuous AI SRS in terms of genetic gain, inbreeding, and bias reduction. C1 [Kuehn, L. A.; Notter, D. R.; Lewis, R. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kuehn, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM larry.kuehn@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 526 EP 535 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0255 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NV UT WOS:000253443900003 PM 18073281 ER PT J AU Kuehn, LA Notter, DR Nieuwhof, GJ Lewis, RM AF Kuehn, L. A. Notter, D. R. Nieuwhof, G. J. Lewis, R. M. TI Changes in connectedness over time in alternative sheep sire referencing schemes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE connectedness; genetic evaluation; simulation; bias; sheep ID GENETIC EVALUATION; LINEAR-MODELS; IMPROVEMENT; SELECTION AB A statistic to measure the level of connectedness achieved among flocks would help producers to assess the risk of comparing EBV of animals from different flocks. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the pattern of change over time in selected connectedness measures and to determine how effectively these measures quantify the level of risk due to potential bias in EBV comparisons across production units. Connectedness was evaluated using simulated sheep populations, with connections established using sire referencing schemes (SRS). Pedigree and performance data for a single trait with a within-flock heritability of 0.25 were simulated (50 replications) for 15 flocks with 40 to 140 ewes per flock. Genetic means for each flock were sampled from a normal distribution with mean 0 and SD equal to the trait's genetic SD. After 10 yr of random mating, flocks had opportunity to join a SRS and selection began for the simulated trait. Yearling rams were chosen as reference sires randomly from the top one-sixth of the population ranked on BLUP EBV. Every year, in each flock, 3 reference sires were mated to 10 ewes each. Six sire referencing scenarios ( including no SRS) and 2 sources of nonreference sires were simulated. Connectedness was measured in 2 ways: (i) as the average prediction error correlation (r(ij)) of the flock genetic means (flock r(ij)) or the EBV for the current crop of ram lambs (lamb r(ij)) or (ii) as the average scaled prediction error variance of differences (PEVD) in flock genetic means (flock PEVD) or in lamb EBV in the current crop of ram lambs (lamb PEVD). Flock r(ij) increased linearly in all scenarios while SRS was underway and leveled off if the flocks discontinued SRS. Lamb r(ij) increased rapidly as soon as SRS began but decreased substantially if the flocks discontinued SRS. Behavior of flock PEVD and lamb PEVD measures were similar but in the opposite direction (i. e., PEVD decreased with increasing r(ij)). Within scenarios, both flock r(ij) and flock PEVD had a nonlinear relationship with bias in comparing animals across flocks. However, only flock r(ij) exhibited a consistent relationship across simulation scenarios. When flock r(ij) reached 0.05 and 0.10, approximately 20 and 10%, respectively, of the bias due to initial differences in flock genetic means remained. These levels of flock r(ij) are suggested as benchmark levels for minimizing the risk of comparing animal EBV among units. C1 [Kuehn, L. A.; Notter, D. R.; Lewis, R. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Nieuwhof, G. J.] Meat & Livestock Commiss, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Lewis, R. M.] Scottish Agr Coll, Sustainable Livestock Syst Grp, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Kuehn, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM larry.kuehn@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 536 EP 544 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0256 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NV UT WOS:000253443900004 PM 18073292 ER PT J AU Busch, DC Atkins, JA Bader, JF Schafer, DJ Patterson, DJ Geary, TW Smith, MF AF Busch, D. C. Atkins, J. A. Bader, J. F. Schafer, D. J. Patterson, D. J. Geary, T. W. Smith, M. F. TI Effect of ovulatory follicle size and expression of estrus on progesterone secretion in beef cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; estradiol; follicle size; ovulation ID ESTROUS-CYCLE; INSEMINATION; ENVIRONMENT; PROTOCOLS; INVITRO; INVIVO; PHASE; EWES AB Induced ovulation of small dominant follicles (SF, < 12 mm; CO-Synch protocol) in postpartum beef cows resulted in formation of corpora lutea (CL) that exhibited a delayed rise in progesterone (P4) compared with CL from large dominant follicles (LF, > 12 mm). Experiment 1 characterized P4 concentrations from ovulation to subsequent estrus among GnRH-induced or spontaneously ovulated SF (<= 11 mm) or LF (>= 12 mm) to determine if P4 secretion by CL formed from GnRH-induced SF remains lower postovulation in nonlactating beef cows. Nonlactating beef cows were induced to ovulate 48 h after PGF(2 alpha) (CO-Synch; GnRH on d-9, PGF2a on d-2, and GnRH on d 0) or exhibited estrus and spontaneously ovulated after PGF2a. Follicle size was measured at the second GnRH in cows induced to ovulate or similar to 3 h after the onset of estrus for cows that ovulated spontaneously. Cows were classified into 1 of 4 groups: 1) GnRH-induced ovulation-SF (<= 11 mm; Ind-SF; n = 9); 2) GnRH-induced ovulation-LF (>= 12 mm; Ind-LF; n = 16); 3) spontaneous ovulation-SF (= 11 mm; Spon-SF; n = 8); 4) spontaneous ovulation-LF (= 12 mm; Spon-LF; n = 22). Serum concentrations of P4 from d 3 to 15 were reduced in the Ind-SF compared with the Ind-LF (P = 0.05), Spon-SF (P = 0.07), and Spon-LF (P = 0.03). Experiment 2 characterized P4 concentrations (0 to 60 d postAI) among GnRH-induced or spontaneously ovulated SF (= 12 mm) or LF (= 13 mm) to determine if P4 secretion by CL formed from GnRH-induced SF remained lower during early gestation. Ovulation was induced with GnRH 48 h after PGF(2 alpha) (CO-Synch) or occurred spontaneously, and ovulatory follicle size was measured at AI. Lactating cows were classified into 1 of 3 groups: 1) GnRH-induced ovulation-SF (<= 12 mm; Ind-SF; n = 10); 2) GnRH-induced ovulation-LF (<= 13 mm; Ind-LF; n = 43); or 3) spontaneous ovulation-LF (>= 13 mm; Spon-LF; n = 27). The increase in P4 concentrations was greater (P = 0.06) in pregnant (d 2 to 12) compared with nonpregnant cows. Also, the increase in P4 from d 2 to 12 was greater (P = 0.01) in the Ind-LF compared with the Ind-SF groups, but there was no difference (P = 0.94) among groups in P4 from d 14 to 60 in pregnant cows. Follicle size at AI influenced the increase in P4 in cows that failed to conceive (P = 0.007), but not among cows that became pregnant (P = 0.32) to AI. In summary, P4 secretion after GnRH-induced ovulation of SF was decreased from d 2 to 12 compared with that of LF, but was similar among pregnant cows from d 14 to 60 postAI (d 0). C1 [Busch, D. C.; Atkins, J. A.; Bader, J. F.; Schafer, D. J.; Patterson, D. J.; Smith, M. F.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Geary, T. W.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Smith, MF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Smithmf@missouri.edu NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 553 EP 563 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0570 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NV UT WOS:000253443900006 PM 18156357 ER PT J AU Lammers, PJ Kerr, BJ Weber, TE Dozier, WA Kidd, MT Bregendahl, K Honeyman, MS AF Lammers, P. J. Kerr, B. J. Weber, T. E. Dozier, W. A., III Kidd, M. T. Bregendahl, K. Honeyman, M. S. TI Digestible and metabolizable energy of crude glycerol for growing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biofuel; crude glycerol; metabolizable energy; pig ID BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AB The apparent DE and ME values of crude glycerol for growing pigs were determined in 5 experiments using crude glycerol (86.95% glycerol) from a biodiesel production facility, which used soybean oil as the initial feedstock. Dietary treatments were 0, 5, or 10% glycerol addition to basal diets in Exp. 1; 0, 5, 10, or 20% glycerol addition to basal diets in Exp. 2; and 0 and 10% crude glycerol addition to the basal diets in Exp. 3, 4, and 5. Each diet was fed twice daily to pigs in individual metabolism crates. After a 10-d adjustment period, a 5-d balance trial was conducted. During the collection period, feces and urine were collected separately after each meal and stored at 0 degrees C until analyses. The GE of each dietary treatment and samples of urine and feces from each pig were determined by isoperibol bomb calorimetry. Digestible energy of the diet was calculated by subtracting fecal energy from the GE in the feed, whereas ME was calculated by subtracting the urinary energy from DE. The DE and ME values of crude glycerol were estimated as the slope of the linear relationship between either DE or ME intake from the experimental diet and feed intake. Among all experiments, the crude glycerol (86.95% glycerol) examined in this study was shown to have a DE of 3,344 +/- 8 kcal/kg and an ME of 3,207 +/- 10 kcal/kg, thereby providing a highly available energy source for growing pigs. C1 [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lammers, P. J.; Bregendahl, K.; Honeyman, M. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 602 EP 608 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0453 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NV UT WOS:000253443900011 PM 18073284 ER PT J AU Marini, JC Fox, DG Murphy, MR AF Marini, J. C. Fox, D. G. Murphy, M. R. TI Nitrogen transactions along the gastrointestinal tract of cattle: A meta-analytical approach SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE cattle; endogenous; meta-analysis; nitrogen; requirement ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; AMINO-ACID FLOW; STEAM-FLAKED CORN; FINISHING STEER PERFORMANCE; COMPARATIVE FEEDING VALUE; DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZES; BROMEGRASS HAY DIET; CONSUMING GRASS HAY; MILK UREA NITROGEN AB In ruminant animals, endogenous N (EN) secretions contribute to meeting the N requirement of the ruminal microflora. The EN also constitutes a sizable portion of the duodenal N flow, which might be available to the host animal. Most measures of EN have been accomplished with highly invasive techniques or unusual semisynthetic diets. By utilizing a statistical approach and data obtained from studies reporting duodenal, ileal, and fecal N flows in cattle, the EN losses and true digestibility of N were estimated for different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. A simulation for a reference diet (24.2 g of N/kg of OM, 32% NDF and carbohydrates of medium fermentation rate) consumed at 2% of BW daily estimated that the minimal contribution of EN to the N available in the rumen was 39%. The free EN represented 13% of the duodenal N flow, and when bacterial N of EN origin was considered, EN contributed 35% of the total N flow. The minimal entry of EN into various segments of the gastrointestinal tract was also estimated as: foregut, 10.54; small intestine, 3.10; and hindgut, 5.0 g/kg of OMI. Rumen dietary N degradability was 0.68, and true N digestibilities in the small intestine and hindgut were 0.75 and 0.49, respectively. A better understanding of the factors involved in EN losses will allow for a more accurate estimation of both N supply and N requirements. This will translate into improved accuracy of diet formulation and less N excreted into the environment. C1 [Marini, J. C.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Fox, D. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Murphy, M. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Marini, JC (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM marini@bcm.edu NR 156 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 660 EP 679 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0039 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NV UT WOS:000253443900017 PM 18073282 ER PT J AU Archibeque, SL Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL AF Archibeque, S. L. Freetly, H. C. Ferrell, C. L. TI Feeding distillers grains supplements to improve amino acid nutriture of lambs consuming moderate-quality forages SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE balance; distillers grain; metabolism; wether ID RUMINAL FERMENTATION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SMALL-INTESTINE; BLOOD-FLOW; PROTEIN; NITROGEN; GLUTAMINE; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; RUMEN AB We hypothesized that providing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) would improve the N retention and use of nutrients by wethers fed a moderate-quality bromegrass hay. Additionally, we hypothesized that treatment effects on nutrient fluxes would be similar after 3, 6, or 9 wk on treatment. Chronic indwelling catheters were surgically implanted in a mesenteric artery, mesenteric vein, hepatic vein, and portal vein of 9 Suffolk x Dorset wethers (initial BW +/- SD = 57.4 +/- 6.1 kg). Wethers had ad libitum access to moderate-quality bromegrass hay (8.44% CP, DM basis) and received 100 g/d of either a corn-based (Corn, n = 4) or a DDGS-based (n = 5) supplement. There was no difference in DMI (P = 0.85) or DM digestibility (P = 0.46) between the 2 groups. There was a numerically greater N intake (21.5 vs. 18.4 g/d; P = 0.14) and N retention (4.4 vs. 2.5 g/d; P = 0.15) when wethers were supplemented with DDGS instead of Corn. Wethers fed DDGS had a greater (P = 0.008) release of alpha-amino N from the portal-drained viscera (PDV, 37.9 mmol/h) than those fed Corn (14.1 mmol/h). Similarly, there was a shift (P = 0.004) from a net splanchnic uptake to a net release of alpha-amino N in wethers fed DDGS (9.1 mmol/h) compared with those fed Corn (-9.6 mmol/h). However, there was no difference in ammonia release from the PDV (P = 0.49) or hepatic release of urea-N (P = 0.19) between the 2 treatments. There were very limited interactions between nutrient fluxes and the length of time after the initiation of treatments. However, there was a tendency (interaction, P = 0.07) for the PDV release of alpha-amino N to be greater at 6 and 9 wk after the initiation of the treatments than after 3 wk on treatment for wethers fed DDGS, although there was no difference over time for wethers fed the Corn supplement. Additionally, there were changes in numerous nutrient fluxes between 3 and 6 wk after the initiation of treatments regardless of treatment. These data indicate that DDGS is a viable supplement to enhance the nutriture of ruminants consuming moderate-quality forages. Additionally, these data indicate that the effects are discernible after 3 wk on treatment, with modest alterations in nutrient flux after additional time on treatment. C1 [Archibeque, S. L.; Freetly, H. C.; Ferrell, C. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ferrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Cal.Ferrell@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0139 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NV UT WOS:000253443900019 PM 18073290 ER PT J AU Lents, CA Wettemann, RP Paape, MJ Looper, ML Buchanan, DS AF Lents, C. A. Wettemann, R. P. Paape, M. J. Looper, M. L. Buchanan, D. S. TI Effects of dry cow treatment of beef cows on pathogenic organisms, milk somatic cell counts, and calf growth during the subsequent lactation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; growth; mastitis; treatment ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS; WEANING WEIGHT; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTIONS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; AUREUS MASTITIS; EFFICACY; CATTLE; PERIOD AB Spring calving Angus and Angus x Hereford multiparous cows were utilized to determine the effects of intramammary treatment with penicillin G procaine (200,000 IU) and novobiocin (400 mg) at the time of weaning on udder health and calf growth after the subsequent calving. Cows were stratified by age and breed and assigned randomly to receive intramammary treatment (n = 99) at weaning or as untreated controls (n = 97). Quarter milk samples were collected at weaning and at 8 to 14 d after calving. Milk samples were analyzed for somatic cell counts (SCC) and mastitis-causing bacteria. Dry cow treatment decreased (P = 0.005) the number of cows infected after calving. Treatment decreased (P = 0.04) the number of cows that developed new infections and reduced (P = 0.03) the number of quarters with mastitis-causing bacteria after calving that were infected at weaning. Somatic cell counts after calving were greatest (P = 0.008) for cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment did not alter (P = 0.19) SCC of quarters after calving that were infected with S. aureus at weaning but reduced (P = 0.002) SCC after calving of quarters that were infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci at weaning. Body weight of calves during early lactation was increased (P = 0.006) if cows with intramammary infection were treated at weaning. Treatment of noninfected cows at weaning increased (P = 0.008) adjusted 205-d weaning weights of calves after the subsequent lactation when compared with untreated noninfected cows. We conclude that treatment of beef cows at weaning with intramammary antibiotics decreased intramammary infections after calving, improved udder health during the subsequent lactation, and increased BW gain of the calves. C1 [Lents, C. A.; Wettemann, R. P.; Looper, M. L.; Buchanan, D. S.] Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Paape, M. J.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wettemann, RP (reprint author), Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM wettemann@okstate.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 748 EP 755 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0369 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NV UT WOS:000253443900025 PM 18073291 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Roberts, AJ Geary, TW MacNeil, MD AF Grings, E. E. Roberts, A. J. Geary, T. W. MacNeil, M. D. TI Milk yield of primiparous beef cows from three calving systems and varied weaning ages SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; calving date; milk yield; rangeland ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CALF PERFORMANCE; MAMMARY GROWTH; DIETARY ENERGY; CATTLE; HEIFERS; CALVES; HEREFORD; WEIGHT; FORAGE AB Primiparous beef cows produced in 3 calving systems were used in a 2-yr study with a completely random design to measure milk yield throughout a 190-d lactation (2002, n = 20; 2003, n = 24 per calving system). Calving occurred in late winter (average calving date = February 4 +/- 2 d), early spring (average calving date = March 30 +/- 2 d), and late spring (average calving date = May 26 +/- 1 d). Additionally, cows used in this study had been weaned at varied ages as calves, creating 6 dam treatments. Dam age at weaning was 140 (late spring), 190 (late winter, early spring, late spring), or 240 (late winter, early spring) d of age. Milk production was measured by using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique at an average of 20, 38, 55, 88, 125, 163, and 190 d in milk. Milk yield for the 190-d lactation period was calculated as area under the curve by trapezoidal summation. Data were analyzed with a model containing treatment, year, and their interaction. Orthogonal contrasts were used to separate effects when treatment was significant (P < 0.10). Total milk yield did not differ (P = 0.42) between cows in the late winter and early spring systems, but cows in the late spring system tended to differ (P = 0.09) from the average of the other 2 systems. Cows in the late spring calving system had increased milk yield in 2002 and lesser milk yield in 2003 compared with the other calving systems (treatment x year interaction, P < 0.001). Cows born in late spring that had been weaned at 140 d of age produced more (P = 0.05) total milk than those weaned at 190 d of age. Peak milk yield was affected (P < 0.001) by treatment and showed a treatment x year interaction (P = 0.006). Day of peak lactation differed among treatments (P = 0.002), with cows in the late winter system peaking later (P = 0.007) than early spring cows, and late spring cows peaking earlier (P = 0.004) than the average of late winter and early spring cows. The average date of peak lactation was May 4 for the late winter system, May 31 for the early spring system, and July 19 for the late spring system. Calf ADG differed (P < 0.001) for the late spring system compared with the average of the late winter and early spring systems, but the relationship interacted with year (P < 0.001). Cow BW and BW change differed among treatments (P < 0.004), with much of the difference associated with the amount of milk produced or the timing of peak lactation. Season of calving affects milk yield of primiparous cows grazing Northern Great Plains rangelands and ADG of their calves. C1 [Grings, E. E.; Roberts, A. J.; Geary, T. W.; MacNeil, M. D.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Grings, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM e.grings@cgiar.org RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 768 EP 779 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0389 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NV UT WOS:000253443900028 PM 18156360 ER PT J AU Hunt, EJ Kuhlmann, U Sheppard, A Qin, TK Barratt, BIP Harrison, L Mason, PG Parker, D Flanders, RV Goolsby, J AF Hunt, E. J. Kuhlmann, U. Sheppard, A. Qin, T. -K. Barratt, B. I. P. Harrison, L. Mason, P. G. Parker, D. Flanders, R. V. Goolsby, J. TI Review of invertebrate biological control agent regulation in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: recommendations for a harmonized European system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SAFETY; POLICY; RISK AB Europe lags far behind Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA in terms of implementing regulatory procedures for the import and release of invertebrate biological control agents (IBCAs). A number of standards, documents and guidelines have been produced over recent years in an attempt to harmonize regulation of IBCA introduction into Europe. Despite these efforts, the number of member countries implementing any form of IBCA regulation remains low, with many industries, biological practitioners and regulators fearing that a regulatory system would render the process of approval for IBCA introduction into a country costly and time consuming. Europe's priority is therefore to formulate a regulatory system that will be readily approved of and adopted by all member countries. In this paper we review the current regulatory processes operating in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA. There is potential for Europe to benefit from the years of experience that these countries have in IBCA regulation. We therefore propose recommendations based on features of the regulatory processes in each of the four countries that work well and that could be adopted to generate a workable Europe-wide regulatory system. C1 [Hunt, E. J.; Kuhlmann, U.] CABI Europe Switzerland, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. [Sheppard, A.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Entomol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Qin, T. -K.] Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Barratt, B. I. P.] AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Harrison, L.] Environm Risk Management Authority New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. [Mason, P. G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Parker, D.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ontario Plant Labs, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Flanders, R. V.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Riverdale, MD USA. [Goolsby, J.] USDA, ARS, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Hunt, EJ (reprint author), CABI Europe Switzerland, Rue Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. EM e.hunt@cabi.org RI Sheppard, Andy/C-1045-2009; Barratt, Barbara/A-4763-2008 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 132 IS 2 BP 89 EP 123 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01232.x PG 35 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 260BK UT WOS:000252985600001 ER PT J AU Mitran, L Harter-Dennis, JM Meisinger, IJ AF Mitran, L. Harter-Dennis, J. M. Meisinger, J. J. TI Determining the Nitrogen Budget and Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen Emissions from Commercial Broilers Grown in Environmental Chambers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ammonia emission; nitrogen budget; broiler; ammoniacal nitrogen ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AERIAL AMMONIA; CHICKENS; HOUSES; VALIDATION; EXPOSURE; LITTER; DUST AB One of the undesirable by-products of raising commercial broilers in confinement is the production and release of NH3 into the environment. Ammonia negatively affects flock performance, reduces air quality, increases N deposition into neighboring ecosystems, and reduces plant-available litter N. Animal agriculture is currently under pressure to reduce NH3 emissions. Understanding the fate of N inputs and Outputs from commercial broiler operations is important for increasing flock N efficiency and reducing gaseous N emissions. A total direct-measurement N balance trial was conducted on broilers from 0 to 42 d of age with all N inputs and Outputs measured. The N inputs included feed and chick N, whereas outputs included broiler N retention, total ammoniacal N (TAN) emissions, mortality N, and litter N accumulation. The major N input was feed N, accounting for 99% of total inputs. After 42 d, the percentage of N input recovered was as follows: 67 +/- 2% in live broilers, 26 2% accumulated in the litter, and 13 +/- 0.4% in TAN emissions. The average difference between the measured N inputs and outputs was 5 +/- 3%. indicating a good N balance. The period from 0 to 21 d of age accounted for 23% of the flock total TAN emissions. The remaining 77% of TAN loss occurred from 22 to 42 d of age, most likely due to greater N excretions in the feces and a rise in litter pH and moisture resulting in greater NH3 production. Daily TAN emissions ranged from 0.13 to 0.78 g of TAN per bird, with a 0 to 42 d mean of 0.37 g. of TAN per bird. Total TAN emissions over 42 d averaged 15.3 +/- 0.5 g of TAN per bird, which is consistent with other literature values and the high N recovery in the broilers. The TAN emission from a complete broiler cycle, including the emissions for a week interval between flocks, was 17.5 +/- 0.5 g of TAN per bird. These results support the view that management practices leading to high broiler N recovery are consistent with lower TAN emissions. C1 [Mitran, L.; Harter-Dennis, J. M.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Meisinger, J. J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harter-Dennis, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jmharterdennis@umes.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 34 EP 46 DI 10.3382/japr.2006-00125 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 357XK UT WOS:000259880300004 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Corzo, A Kidd, MT AF Dozier, W. A., III Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. TI Apparent Metabolizable Energy Needs of Broiler Chicks Subjected to Diverse Ambient Temperature Regimens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; metabolizable energy; temperature ID AMINO-ACID DENSITY; LIVE PERFORMANCE; MEAT YIELD; RESPONSES; PROTEIN; GROWTH; DIETS; STARTER AB Early chick performance is adversely affected by inadequate ambient temperatures. Increasing AME(n) may help alleviate poor performance with chicks Subjected to low brooding temperatures. This study examined the effects on subsequent growth and meat yield responses in broiler chicks provided diets formulated to either 3,040 or 3,140 kcal of AME(n)/kg when Subjected to diverse ambient temperatures from 0 to 15 d. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, ambient temperature was considered optimum and was held constant, with set points of WC from placement (0 d) to 4 d, 32 degrees C from 5 to 9 d, and 29 degrees C from 10 to 15 d. In experiment 2, suboptimal ambient temperatures (held constant) were 29 degrees C from placement to 3 d, 28 degrees C from 4 to 6 d. 26 degrees C from 7 to 11 d, and 25 degrees C from 12 to 15 d. In both experiments, diet and temperature were common from 16 to 40 d. Energy consumption per unit of gain from 0 to 15 d was improved with chicks fed the moderate AMEn (3,040 kcal of AME(n)/kg ; 1,553 kcal of AME(n) intake) diet compared with chicks fed the high AME(n) (3,140 kcal of AME(n)/kg; 1,614 kcal of AME, intake) diet in experiment 1. From 0 to 15 d. feed conversion was improved with chicks provided the high AME(n) diet (3,140 kcal of AME(n)/kg; 1,689 kcal of AME(n) intake) over that of chicks fed the moderate AME(n) diet (3,040 kcal of AME(n)/kg; 1,678 kcal of AME(n) intake) in experiment 2. In both experiments, dietary treatments did not influence final BW gain, Cumulative feed conversion, or breast meat yield. Providing chicks with a diet containing moderate AME(n) (3,040 kcal of AME(n)/kg) when subjected to diverse brooding temperatures was adequate to support cumulative growth responses. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Bill.Dozier@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00066 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 357XK UT WOS:000259880300017 ER PT J AU Goetz, SK Spackman, E Hayhow, C Swayne, DE AF Goetz, S. K. Spackman, E. Hayhow, C. Swayne, D. E. TI Assessment of Reduced Vaccine Dose on Efficacy of an Inactivated Avian Influenza Vaccine Against an H5N1 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; high-pathogenicity avian influenza; H5N1; vaccine ID CHICKENS AB Avian influenza (AI) vaccines are a viable emergency tool for use in a comprehensive strategy for dealing with high-pathogenicity AI in developed countries. However, the available doses of inactivated AI vaccine are limited to national vaccine banks and inventory stocks of some commercial biologics manufacturers. To determine if the available vaccine Closes Could be stretched by using reduced vaccine dose but maintain adequate efficacy, a study was conducted to determine if 3-wk-old specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens vaccinated with full, 1/2, 1/4, and 1/10 doses of an inactivated H5N9 At vaccine would be protected against a hi-h-dose challenge of H5N1 highly pathogenic AI virus given 4 wk later. At all 4 AI vaccine doses, the AI-vaccinated chickens were protected from disease and death, but all the sham-vaccinated chickens developed clinical signs and died. There were no differences between the full. 1/2, and 1/4 dose AI vaccine groups for serological titers at 7 wk of age, or for cloacal and oropharyngeal titers of challenge virus shed Lit 2 d postchallenge. However, the 1/10 dose group had significantly reduced hemagglutination inhibition titers at 7 wk compared with 1/4 dose, and the 1/10 dose group had more chickens shedding challenge virus from the oropharynx than the full dose group. Most importantly, the mean protective dose was 1/50 dose, and using the international regulatory standard of 50 mean protective doses for Newcastle disease vaccine as a guide, the full dose of the H5N9 AI vaccine Would be the minimum dose acceptable for use in the field. Use of the full vaccine dose is especially important, because protection in commercial chickens in the field is typically less than seen in experimental studies in specific pathogen-free chickens in the laboratory. C1 [Goetz, S. K.; Spackman, E.; Swayne, D. E.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hayhow, C.] Biomune Co, Lenexa, KS 66215 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS [6612-32000-040-00D]; Trust Agreement [58-6612-5-0273] FX This project was accomplished by the senior author during a Merck Veterinary Scholars Summer Program. We thank Joan Beck. James Doster, and Kira Moresco of Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory for technical assistance. Funding was provided by USDA/ARS CRIS Project #6612-32000-040-00D and Trust Agreement #58-6612-5-0273. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00098 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 357XK UT WOS:000259880300019 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Kidd, MT Corzo, A AF Dozier, W. A., III Kidd, M. T. Corzo, A. TI Dietary Amino Acid Responses of Broiler Chickens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amino acid; broiler; lysine; methionine; nutrient density ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; LIVE PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; STRAIN-CROSS; CYSTINE REQUIREMENTS; COMMERCIAL BROILERS; ECONOMIC RESPONSES; LYSINE REQUIREMENT; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; GROWING CHICKENS AB In commercial practice, formulating diets to adequate amino acid (AA) minimums is critical to optimize live production and meat yield of broiler chickens. The modern broiler has lower feed intake per unit BW gain and also has the potential to accrete more white meat than the commercial broiler of previous decades. Broilers consuming less feed per unit of gain have led to formulating higher AA density diets in commercial production for improved performance and meat yield. This manuscript reviews current literature in dietary AA density. In addition, it provides estimates of consumption and dietary percentages of critical AA needed to optimize growth and meat yield calculated from published research. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kidd, M. T.; Corzo, A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bill.dozier@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00071 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 357XK UT WOS:000259880300021 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Musgrove, MT Berrang, ME Bright, W AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Musgrove, M. T. Berrang, M. E. Bright, W. TI Bactericidal Effect of Several Chemicals on Hatching Eggs Inoculated with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (vol 16, pg 623, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Buhr, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, USDA, Egg Qual & Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Berrang, M. E.] ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antibiot Resistance Res Uni, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Bright, W.] S Carolina State Univ, Orangeburg, SC 29117 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 189 EP 189 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-17-1-189 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 357XK UT WOS:000259880300024 ER PT J AU Shinneman, DJ Baker, WL Lyon, P AF Shinneman, D. J. Baker, W. L. Lyon, P. TI Ecological restoration needs derived from reference conditions for a semi-arid landscape in Western Colorado, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE invasive species; livestock grazing; pinon-juniper woodland; reference site; sagebrush; species diversity ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; ZION-NATIONAL-PARK; ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SPECIES ABUNDANCE; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; GRAND-CANYON; FIRE REGIMES; RELICT AREA; ECOSYSTEMS AB Semi-arid ecosystems cover tens of millions of hectares in the Intermountain West of the United States, and most have altered plant communities due to land use, especially livestock grazing. Thus, relatively unaltered "reference" plant community information is needed to guide restoration. Plant communities were sampled over a large (similar to 600 000 ha) semi-and landscape in western Colorado, within pinon-juniper woodlands, sagebrush shrublands, and grasslands, and over conditions ranging from relict areas without livestock grazing to heavily utilized areas. Ordination was used to group samples into ranked categories of ecological condition within 18 communities, and means-tests and other techniques were used to identify ecological differences among ranks across vegetation types. With few exceptions, grass and forb cover, biological soil crust cover, and species diversity declined concomitant with ranks representing increasingly degraded conditions, while non-native species cover was variable among ranks. Landscape-level species abundance patterns also differed significantly among ranks, with herbaceous species generally exhibiting less constancy and cover within degraded samples compared to samples of reference quality. These semi-arid ecosystems will require both active (e.g., reseeding) and passive (grazing management) restoration approaches, at local- and landscape-levels, respectively, if the goal is to restore native plant composition and abundance. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shinneman, D. J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Baker, W. L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Lyon, P.] Colorado Nat Heritage Program, Ridgway, CO 81432 USA. RP Shinneman, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy,169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM dshinneman@tnc.org; bakerwl@uwyo.edu; peggylyon@ouraynet.com RI Baker, William/A-7008-2008 NR 84 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 207 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.06.002 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 255QP UT WOS:000252672800007 ER PT J AU Holser, RA Willett, JL Vaughn, SF AF Holser, Ronald A. Willett, Julious L. Vaughn, Steven F. TI Thermal and physical characterization of glycerol polyesters SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE glycerol; diacids; polyester; tensile strength; calorimetry ID ALKYD; OILS AB Glycerol polyesters were prepared by the condensation of glycerol and adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, or suberic acid. After 48 hours at 125 degrees C the polymers were clear and flexible. Samples of the reaction mixtures were analyzed by modulated differential scanning calorimetry to identify reversible and irreversible heat flows that were associated with physical and chemical reaction processes, respectively. These biobased polymers were prepared for evaluation in agricultural applications. C1 [Holser, Ronald A.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Willett, Julious L.; Vaughn, Steven F.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ronald.Holser@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2008.205 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 271IG UT WOS:000253781500011 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Tong, J Chen, DH Lan, YB AF Zhang, Zhe Tong, Jin Chen, Dong-hui Lan, Yu-bin TI Electronic nose with an air sensor matrix for detecting beef freshness SO JOURNAL OF BIONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE gas sensitive sensor matrix; degree of beef freshness; electronic nose AB China is one of the largest meat producing countries in the world. With the growing concern for food safety more attention has been paid to meat quality. The application of conventional test methods for meat quality is limited by many factors, and subjectiveness, such as longer time to prepare samples and to test. A sensor matrix was constructed with several separate air sensors, and tests were conducted to detect the freshness of the beef. The results show that the air sensors TGS2610, TGS2600, TGS2611, TGS2620 and TGS2602 made by Tianjin Figaro Electronic Co, Ltd could be used to determine the degree of freshness but TGS2442 is not suitable. Thus study provides a foundation for designing and making an economical and practical detector for beef freshness. C1 [Zhang, Zhe; Tong, Jin; Chen, Dong-hui] Jilin Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Terrain Machine Bion Engn, Changchun 130022, Peoples R China. [Lan, Yu-bin] USDA ARS, SPARC APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Tong, J (reprint author), Jilin Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Terrain Machine Bion Engn, Changchun 130022, Peoples R China. EM jtong@jlu.edu.cn NR 14 TC 22 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-6529 J9 J BIONIC ENG JI J. Bionic Eng. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S1672-6529(08)60008-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 322QK UT WOS:000257390200008 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB Kothari, KM Tanaka, CK Hurkman, WJ AF Altenbach, S. B. Kothari, K. M. Tanaka, C. K. Hurkman, W. J. TI Expression of 9-kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein genes in developing wheat rain is enhanced by high temperatures but not by post-anthesis fertilizer SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; allergens; flour quality; quantitative RT-PCR; real time RT-PCR ID GRAIN DEVELOPMENT; MULTIGENE FAMILY; BINDING PROTEINS; RT-PCR; ENDOSPERM; COMPLEX; STRESS; ACID; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION AB A survey of EST databases identified 16 9-kDa non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) expressed in developing grain from the US spring wheat Butte 86. Two of the most abundant sequences encoded nsLTPs similar to proteins identified previously by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (2-DE/MS). Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) was used to examine the expression of these nsLTPs in developing grain or endosperm produced under controlled temperature and fertilizer regimens. Under a moderate (24 degrees C/17 degrees C day/night) temperature regimen, transcripts accumulated late in grain development and achieved highest levels as grain reached maximum dry weight. When high temperature regimens (37 degrees C/28 degrees C day/night) were imposed from anthesis or 15 days post-anthesis (DPA) until maturity, maximum transcript levels were as much as 9-fold higher. Post-anthesis fertilizer had relatively small effects on transcript levels. Accumulation profiles for 9-kDa nsLTPs generated by 2-DE were consistent with transcript profiles. The nsLTPs increased 2 to 3.5-fold in amount in endosperm in response to high temperatures but showed little change in response to fertilizer. Flour from grain produced under the high temperature regimens also contained greater amounts of nsLTPs. Increases in the levels of nsLTPs in flour as a result of environmental conditions during grain fill may have important implications for flour quality and allergenic potential. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Altenbach, S. B.; Kothari, K. M.; Tanaka, C. K.; Hurkman, W. J.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM altnbach@pw.usda.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.03.010 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 284RJ UT WOS:000254723200009 ER PT J AU Xia, LQ Geng, HW Chen, XM He, ZH Lillemo, M Morris, CF AF Xia, Lanqin Geng, Hongwei Chen, Xinmin He, Zhonghu Lillemo, Morten Morris, Craig F. TI Silencing of puroindoline a alters the kernel texture in transgenic bread wheat SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bread wheat; grain hardness; puroindolines; over-expression; transformation ID GRAIN-SOFTNESS PROTEIN; MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; RAPID PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; WINTER WHEATS; POLAR LIPIDS; SPRING WHEAT; HARDNESS; FRIABILIN AB Grain hardness is an important end-use quality parameter of bread wheat, and one of the most important characters for quality improvement. The objective of this study was to further understand the function of puroindolines and the underlying mechanism in the formation of kernel texture. The highly efficient expression vector p UBPa harboring puroindoline a (Pina) was introduced into the bread wheat cultivar Zhongyou 9507-60 via biolistic transformation and transgenic plants were obtained. The integration of the foreign Pina gene was confirmed by PCR and genomic DNA Southern blot analysis. The levels of friabilin on the surface of water-washed starch granules varied among the transgenic lines. SDS-PAGE analysis of Triton X-114 extracted protein showed that the PINA protein was absent in three transgenic lines, indicating that the endogenous Pina gene most likely had been co-suppressed by the over-expression of the Pina transgene. SKCS kernel hardness and scanning electron microscopy analysis further confirmed the changes of kernel texture in these lines. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Zhonghu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, CIMMYT, China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xia, Lanqin; Geng, Hongwei; Chen, Xinmin; He, Zhonghu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Lillemo, Morten] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. [Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP He, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, CIMMYT, China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhhe@public3.bt.net.cn RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.04.016 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 284RJ UT WOS:000254723200024 ER PT J AU Carroll, MJ Schmelz, EA Teal, PEA AF Carroll, Mark J. Schmelz, Eric A. Teal, Peter E. A. TI The attraction of Spodoptera frugiperda neonates to cowpea seedlings is mediated by volatiles induced by conspecific herbivory and the elicitor inceptin SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE olfaction; dispersal; fall armyworm; plant-herbivore interactions; induction; (E)-4,-8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene; four-arm olfactometer; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INDUCED PLANT ODORS; PARASITIC WASPS; MAIZE VOLATILES; HABITAT SELECTION; DAMAGED PLANTS; JASMONIC-ACID; LEAF DAMAGE; ZEA-MAYS; OVIPOSITION AB Neonate fall armyworms [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)] often encounter conspecific herbivore damage as they disperse from an egg mass to an initial feeding site. We investigated the orientation responses of dispersing neonates to herbivore damage in cowpea seedlings, specifically examining whether neonate behaviors were affected by inceptin, the primary elicitor of FAW-induced defenses in cowpea leaves. We focused on responses to damage caused by conspecific first instars, as might occur during the dispersal of siblings from an egg mass. Inceptin contents of damaging first instar FAW were controlled through their diets, with leaf-fed FAW producing inceptins in their oral secretions, and root-fed or starved FAW lacking these elicitors. In a bioassay designed to evaluate neonate dispersal off a host plant, a higher percentage of neonates remained on herbivore-induced or inceptin-treated plants than on undamaged plants, mechanically damaged plants, freshly damaged plants, or on plants damaged by FAW lacking inceptins. Further investigations of neonate responses to plant odors with a four-arm olfactometer demonstrated that neonate attraction to odors from 4-h old FAW damage was strongly dependent on previous diet of the damaging larvae. Neonates were attracted to odors from 4-h old FAW damage over odors from undamaged plants or fresh FAW damage, provided that the damaging larvae had previously ingested leaf material. In a direct comparison of odors from induced plants, plants damaged by leaf-fed FAW were as attractive as plants treated with synthetic inceptin. GC-MS analysis confirmed that (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) was the major volatile induced by FAW herbivory. While both DMNT and undamaged plant odors were more attractive than air, neonates preferred DMNT-supplemented plant odors. These results suggest that neonate FAW exploit herbivore-induced plant volatiles as host plant location and recognition cues. C1 [Carroll, Mark J.; Schmelz, Eric A.; Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Carroll, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Mark.Carroll@ars.usda.gov OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 63 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9414-y PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 274AV UT WOS:000253975100002 PM 18256881 ER PT J AU Winkelman, LA Elsasser, TH Reynolds, CK AF Winkelman, L. A. Elsasser, T. H. Reynolds, C. K. TI Limit-feeding a high-energy diet to meet energy requirements in the dry period alters plasma metabolite concentrations but does not affect intake or milk production in early lactation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE limit feeding; energy balance; dry period; transition ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ORGANIC NUTRIENT METABOLISM; PERIPARTURIENT DAIRY-COWS; BODY CONDITION SCORE; HORMONAL RESPONSES; FATTY-ACIDS; TRANSITION PERIOD; MATTER INTAKE; PERFORMANCE; INTENSITY AB Limit-feeding dry cows a high-energy diet may enable adequate energy intake to be sustained as parturition approaches, thus reducing the extent of negative energy balance after parturition. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of dry period feeding strategy on plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites that reflect energy status. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 18) were dried off 45 d before expected parturition, paired by expected calving date, parity, and previous lactation milk yield, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dry-period diets formulated to meet nutrient requirements at ad libitum or limited intakes. All cows were fed the same diet for ad libitum intake after parturition. Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) for limit-fed cows was 9.4 kg/d vs. 13.7 kg/d for cows fed ad libitum. During the dry period, limit-fed cows consumed enough feed to meet calculated energy requirements, and ad libitum-fed cows were in positive calculated net energy for lactation (NEL) balance (0.02 vs. 6.37 Mcal/d, respectively). After parturition, milk yield, milk protein concentration, DMI, body condition score, and body weight were not affected by the prepartum treatments. Cows limit fed during the dry period had a less-negative calculated energy balance during wk 1 postpartum. Milk fat concentration and yield were greater for the ad libitum treatment during wk 1 but were lower in wk 2 and 3 postpartum. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations decreased after calving. Plasma insulin concentration was greater in ad libitum-fed cows on d -2 relative to calving, but did not differ by dietary treatment at other times. Plasma glucose concentrations were lower before and after parturition for cows limit-fed during the dry period. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations peaked after parturition on d 1 and 4 for the limit-fed and ad libitum treatments, respectively, and were greater for limit-fed cows on d -18, -9, -5, and -2. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations did not differ by treatment in either the pre- or postpartum period, but tended to decrease after parturition. Apart from a reduction in body energy loss in the first week after calving, limit feeding a higher NEL diet during the dry period had little effect on intake and milk production during the first month of lactation. C1 [Winkelman, L. A.; Reynolds, C. K.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Elsasser, T. H.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reynolds, C. K.] Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England. RP Reynolds, CK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM c.k.reynolds@reading.ac.uk NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1067 EP 1079 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0434 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 266NX UT WOS:000253444100021 PM 18292262 ER PT J AU Winkelman, LA Lucy, MC Elsasser, TH Pate, JL Reynolds, CK AF Winkelman, L. A. Lucy, M. C. Elsasser, T. H. Pate, J. L. Reynolds, C. K. TI Short communication: Suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 mRNA increases after parturition in the liver of dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE suppressors of cytokine signaling; dry period; limit-feeding; growth hormone receptor ID GROWTH-HORMONE RECEPTOR; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; EXPRESSION; CATTLE; PERIOD AB After parturition, the somatotropic axis of the dairy cow is uncoupled, partly because of reduced concentration of liver-specific GH receptor (GHR) 1A. Estradiol-17 beta (E-2) concentrations increase at parturition and E-2 upregulates suppressors of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS-2) mRNA expression, potentially inhibiting GH signaling. Therefore, we hypothesized that SOCS-2 mRNA is upregulated after parturition. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 18) were dried off 45 d before expected parturition and fed diets to meet nutrient requirements at ad libitum or limited dry matter intake during the dry period. All cows were fed the same diet ad libitum from calving until 4 wk after parturition. Blood samples were collected weekly and more frequently near parturition. Liver biopsies obtained at -21, -7, 2, and 28 d relative to parturition were assessed for SOCS-2 and GHR 1A mRNA by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. The relative amount of SOCS-2 mRNA increased after parturition with both treatments and was greater on d 2 for cows limit-fed during the dry period compared with cows fed at ad libitum dry matter intake. Plasma E2 concentrations increased on d -13, -5 and 1 relative to parturition and the increases were greater in limit-fed cows. Plasma GH concentration was greater for limit-fed cows and increased after parturition in all cows. The amount of GHR 1A mRNA did not differ between diets but decreased on d 2. In addition to reduced GHR 1A, increased SOCS-2 mRNA after parturition, perhaps because of increased E-2, may further uncouple GH signaling in the liver of the transition dairy cow. C1 [Winkelman, L. A.; Reynolds, C. K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Lucy, M. C.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Elsasser, T. H.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reynolds, C. K.] Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England. RP Reynolds, CK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM c.k.reynolds@reading.ac.uk NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1080 EP 1086 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0433 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 266NX UT WOS:000253444100022 PM 18292263 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Stevenson, MJ Patton, RA Lobos, NE Colmenero, JJO AF Broderick, G. A. Stevenson, M. J. Patton, R. A. Lobos, N. E. Colmenero, J. J. Olmos TI Effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine on production and nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rumen-protected methionine; dietary crude protein; milk yield; nitrogen efficiency ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; INTERNAL MARKERS; DIFFERENT DIETS; ALFALFA SILAGE; CRUDE PROTEIN; CARBOHYDRATE; PERFORMANCE; LYSINE AB Two 4 x 4 Latin square trials (4-wk periods; 16 wk total) were conducted to see whether supplementing rumen-protected Met (RPM; fed as Mepron) would allow feeding less crude protein (CP), thereby reducing urinary N excretion, but without losing production. In trial 1, 24 Holsteins were fed 4 diets as total mixed rations containing [dry matter (DM) basis]: 18.6% CP and 0 g of RPM/d; 17.3% CP and 5 g of RPM/d; 16.1% CP and 10 g of RPM/d; or 14.8% CP and 15 g of RPM/d. Dietary CP was reduced by replacing soybean meal with high-moisture shelled corn. All diets contained 21% alfalfa silage, 28% corn silage, 4.5% roasted soybeans, 5.8% soyhulls, 0.6% sodium bicarbonate, 0.5% vitamins and minerals, and 27% neutral detergent fiber. There was no effect of diet on intake, weight gain, or yields of protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat. However, production was greater at 17.3% CP plus RPM and 16.1% CP plus RPM than on the other 2 diets. Apparent N efficiency (milk N: N intake) was greatest on the lowest CP diet containing the most RPM. Linear reductions in milk urea N and urinary N excretion were observed with lower dietary CP. In trial 2, 32 Holsteins were fed 4 diets as total mixed rations, formulated from ingredients used in trial 1 and containing 16.1 or 17.3% CP with 0 or 10 g of RPM/d. On average, cows were calculated to be in negative N balance on all diets because of lower than expected DM intake. There was no effect of RPM supplementation on any production trait. However, higher CP gave small increases in yields of milk, protein, and solids-not-fat and tended to increase DM intake and lactose yield. Apparent N efficiency was greater, and milk urea nitrogen was lower, on 16.1% CP. In trial 1, feeding lower CP diets supplemented with RPM resulted in improved N efficiency and reduced urinary N excretion. However, in trial 2, reducing dietary CP from 17.3 to 16.1% reduced milk secretion, an effect that was not reversed by RPM supplementation at low DM intakes when cows were apparently mobilizing body protein. C1 [Stevenson, M. J.] USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stevenson, M. J.] Degusa Canada Inc, Burlington, ON L7R 3Y8, Canada. [Patton, R. A.] Nittany Dairy Nutr Inc, Mifflinburg, PA 17844 USA. [Lobos, N. E.; Colmenero, J. J. Olmos] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM glen.broderick@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1092 EP 1102 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0769 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 266NX UT WOS:000253444100024 PM 18292265 ER PT J AU Nangia, V Gowda, RH Mulla, DJ Sands, GR AF Nangia, V. Gowda, R. H. Mulla, D. J. Sands, G. R. TI Water quality modeling of fertilizer management impacts on nitrate losses in tile drains at the field scale SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; ADAPT MODEL; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; RESPONSE UNITS; NITROGEN; DEPTH; GROUNDWATER; STRATEGIES; PREDICTION AB Nitrate losses from subsurface tile drained row cropland in the Upper Midwest U.S. contribute to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Strategies are needed to reduce nitrate losses to the Mississippi River. This paper evaluates the effect of fertilizer rate and timing on nitrate losses in two (East and West) commercial row crop fields located in south-central Minnesota. The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model was calibrated and validated for monthly subsurface tile drain flow and nitrate losses for a period of 1999-2003. Good agreement was found between observed and predicted tile drain flow and nitrate losses during the calibration period, with Nash-Sutcliffe modeling efficiencies of 0.75 and 0.56, respectively. Better agreements were observed for the validation period. The calibrated model was then used to evaluate the effects of rate and timing of fertilizer application on nitrate losses with a 50-yr climatic record (1954-2003). Significant reductions in nitrate losses were predicted by reducing fertilizer application rates and changing timing. A 13% reduction in nitrate losses was predicted when fall fertilizer application rate was reduced from 180 to 123 kg/ha. A further 9% reduction in nitrate losses can be achieved when switching from fall to spring application. Larger reductions in nitrate losses would require changes in fertilizer rate and timing, as well as other practices such as changing tile drain spacings and/or depths, fall cover cropping, or conversion of crop land to pasture. C1 [Nangia, V.] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Gowda, R. H.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Mulla, D. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sands, G. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Nangia, V (reprint author), Int Water Management Inst, POB 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka. EM v.nangia@cgiar.org NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 296 EP 307 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0224 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600002 PM 18268291 ER PT J AU Keller, CK Butcher, CN Smith, JL Allen-King, RM AF Keller, C. Kent Butcher, Caroline N. Smith, Jeffrey L. Allen-King, Richelle M. TI Nitrate in tile drainage of the semiarid Palouse basin SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; PREFERENTIAL TRANSPORT; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; WASHINGTON-STATE; LOAM SOIL; SILT LOAM; NITROGEN; LOSSES AB Topographically heterogeneous agricultural landscapes can complicate and accelerate agrochemical contamination of streams due to rapid transport of water and chemicals to poorly drained lower-landscape positions and shallow ground water. In the semiarid Palouse region, large parts of these landscapes have been tile drained to enhance crop yield. From 2000-2004 we monitored the discharge of a tile drain (TD) and a nearby profile of soil water for nitrate concentration ([NO3]), electrical conductivity level (EC), and water content to develop a conceptual framework describing soil nitrate occurrence and loss via subsurface pathways. Tile-drain baseflow [NO3] was consistently 4 mg N L-1 and baseflow EC was 200 to 300 mu S cm(-1). Each year sudden synoptic increases in TD discharge and [NO3] occurred in early winter following similar to 150 mm of fall precipitation, which saturated the soil and mobilized high-[NO,] soil water throughout the profile. The greatest TD [NO3] (20-30 mg N L-1) occurred approximately contemporaneous with greatest TD discharges. The EC decrease each year (to similar to 100 mu S cm(-1)) during high discharge, a dilution effect, lagged similar to 1 mo behind the first appearance of high [NO3] and was consistent with advective transport of low-EC water from the shallow profile under saturated conditions. Water-budget considerations and temporal [NO3] patterns suggest that these processes deliver water to the TD from both lower- and upper-slope positions, the latter via lateral flow during the high-flow season, Management practices that reduce the fall reservoir of soil nitrate might be effective in reducing N loading to streams and shallow ground water in this region. C1 [Keller, C. Kent; Butcher, Caroline N.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Allen-King, Richelle M.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Keller, CK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ckkeller@wsu.edu RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0515 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600008 PM 18268297 ER PT J AU Sharpley, AN Kleinman, PJA Heathwaite, AL Gburek, WJ Folmar, GJ Schmidt, JR AF Sharpley, Andrew N. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Heathwaite, A. Louise Gburek, William J. Folmar, Gordon J. Schmidt, John R. TI Phosphorus loss from an agricultural watershed as a function of storm size SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL PHOSPHORUS; UNITED-STATES; STREAM-FLOW; NUTRIENT; RUNOFF; SURFACE; TRANSPORT; SOILS; MANAGEMENT; PATHWAYS AB Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural watersheds is generally greater in storm rather than base flow. Although fundamental to P-based risk assessment tools, few studies have quantified the effect of storm size on P loss. Thus, the loss of P as a function of flow type (base and storm flow) and size was quantified for a mixed-land use watershed (FD-36; 39.5 ha) from 1997 to 2006. Storm size was ranked by return period (<1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10, and >10 yr), where increasing return period represents storms with greater peak and total flow. From 1997 to 2006, storm flow accounted for 32% of watershed discharge yet contributed 65% of dissolved reactive P (DP) (107 g ha(-1) yr(-1)) and 80% of total P (TP) exported (515 g ha(-1) yr(-1)). Of 248 storm flows during this period, 93% had a return period of <1 yr, contributing most of the 10-yr flow (6507 m(3) ha(-1); 63%) and export of DP (574 g ha(-1); 54%) and TP (2423 g ha(-1); 47%). Two 10-yr storms contributed 23% of P exported between 1997 and 2006. A significant increase in storm flow DP concentration with storm size (0.09-0.16 mg L-1) suggests that P release from soil and/or area of the watershed producing runoff increase with storm size. Thus, implementation of P-based Best Management Practice needs to consider what level of risk management is acceptable. C1 [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Gburek, William J.; Folmar, Gordon J.; Schmidt, John R.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Heathwaite, A. Louise] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Sustainable Water Management, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Sharpley, AN (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Sharpley@uark.edu OI Heathwaite, Ann Louise/0000-0001-8791-0039 NR 38 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0366 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600009 PM 18268298 ER PT J AU Gao, S Trout, TJ Shneider, S AF Gao, Suduan Trout, Thomas J. Shneider, Sally TI Evaluation of fumigation and surface seal methods on fumigant emissions in an orchard replant field SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; REDUCE 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; DRIP APPLICATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL COLUMNS; PLASTIC FILM; METAM-SODIUM; VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION AB Soil fumigation is an important management practice for controlling soil pests and enabling successful replanting of orchards. Reducing emissions is required to minimize the possible worker and bystander risk and the contribution of fumigants to the atmosphere as volatile organic compounds that lead to the formation of ground-level ozone, A field trial wag conducted in a peach orchard replant field to in investigate the effects of fumigation method (shank-injection vs. subsurface drip-application treatments) and surface treatments (water applications and plastic tarps) on emissions of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) from shank-injection of Telone C-35 and drip application of InLine. Treatments included control (no water or soil surface treatment); standard high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp, virtually impermeable film (VIF) tarp, and pre-irrigation, all over shank injection; and HDPE tarp over and irrigation with micro-sprinklers before and after the drip application. The highest, 1,3-D and CP emission losses over a 2-wk monitoring period were from the control (36% 1,3-D and 30% CP) and HDPE tarp (43% 1,3-D and 17% CP) over shank injection. The pre-irrigation 4 d before fumigation and VIF tarp over shank injection had similar total emission losses (19% 1,3-D and 8-9% CP) The HDPE tarp and irrigations over subsurface drip-application treatments resulted in similar and the lowest emission losses (12-13% 1,3-D, and 2-3% CP). Lower fumigant concentrations in the soil-gas phase were observed with drip-application than in the shank-injection treatments; however, all treatments provided 100% kill to citrus nematodes in bags buried from 30 to 90 cm depth. Pre-irrigation and drip application seem to be effective to minimize emissions of 1,3-D and CP. C1 [Gao, Suduan] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Shneider, Sally] USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM sgao@fresno.ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0088 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600010 PM 18268299 ER PT J AU Rogers, HH Runion, GB Prior, SA Price, AJ Torbert, HA Gjerstad, DH AF Rogers, H. H. Runion, G. B. Prior, S. A. Price, A. J. Torbert, H. A. Gjerstad, D. H. TI Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on invasive plants: Comparison of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L. and C. esculentus L.) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; THISTLE CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; KUDZU PUERARIA-LOBATA; SHOOT RATIO; GROWTH; RESPONSES; GLYPHOSATE; CROPS; WEED; MORPHOLOGY AB The rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration coupled with its direct, often positive, effect on the growth of plants question of the response of invasive plants to elevated atmospheric CO2 levels. Response of two invasive weeds [purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.)] to CO2 enrichment was tested. Plants were exposed to ambient (375 mu mol mol(-1)) or elevated CO2 (ambient + 200 mu mol mol(-1)) for 71 d in open top chambers. Photosynthetic rate did not differ between CO2 treatments for either species, Conductance was lower in purple nutsedge and tended to be lower in yellow nutsedge. Purple nutsedge had higher instantaneous water use efficiency; a similar trend was noted for yellow nutsedge, Purple nutsedge had greater leaf area, root length and numbers of tubers and tended to have more tillers under high CO2. In yellow nutsedge, only tuber number increased under CO2 enrichment. Leaf dry weight was greater for both species when grown under elevated CO2. Only purple nutsedge made seed heads; CO2 level did not change seed head dry weight. Root dry weight increased under the high CO2 treatment for purple nutsedge only, but tuber dry weight increased for both, Total dry weight of both species increased at elevated CO2. Purple nutsedge (under elevated CO2) tended to increase a location belowground, which led to greater rout-to-shoot ratio (R:S); R:S of yellow nutsedge was unaffected by CO2 enrichment. Findings suggest both species, purple more than yellow nutsedge, may be more invasive in a future high-CO2 world. C1 [Rogers, H. H.; Runion, G. B.; Prior, S. A.; Price, A. J.; Torbert, H. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Gjerstad, D. H.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Rogers, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM hrogers@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0155 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600013 PM 18268302 ER PT J AU Shipitalo, MJ Malone, RW Owens, LB AF Shipitalo, Martin J. Malone, Robert W. Owens, Lloyd B. TI Impact of glyphosate-tolerant soybean and glufosinate-tolerant corn production on herbicide losses in surface runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; WATER; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUE; SYSTEM; SOIL; TRANSPORT; STREAMS AB Residual herbicides used in the production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and corn (Zea, mays L.) are often detected in surface runoff at concentrations exceeding their maximum contaminant levels (MCL) or health advisory levels (HAL). With the advent of transgenic, glyphosate-tolerant soybean and glufosinate-tolerant corn this concern might be reduced by replacing some of the residual herbicides with short half-life, strongly sorbed, contact herbicides. We applied both herbicide types to two chiseled and two no-till watersheds in a 2-yr corn-soybean rotation and at half, rates to three disked watersheds in a 3-yr corn/soybean/wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-red driver (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation and monitored herbicide losses in runoff water for four, crop years. In soybean years, average glyphosate loss (0.07%) was similar to 1/7 that of metribuzin (0.48%) and about one-half that of alachlor (0.12%), residual herbicides it can replace. Maximum, annual, flow-weighted concentration of glyphosate (9.2 mu g L-1) was well below its 700 mu g L-1 MCL and metribuzin (9.5 mu g L-1) was well below its 200 mu g L-1 HAL, whereas alachlor (44.5 mu g L-1) was well above its 2 mu g L-1 MCL. In corn years, average glufosinate loss (0.10%) was similar to losses of alachlor (0.07%) and linuron (0.15%), but about one-fourth that of atrazine (0.37%), Maximum, annual, flow-weighted concentration of glufosinate (no MCL) was 3.5 mu g L-1, whereas atrazine (31.5 mu g L-1) and alachlor (9.8 mu g L-1) substantially exceeded their MCLs of 3 and 2 mu g L-1, respectively. Regardless of tillage system, flow-weighted atrazine and alachlor concentrations exceeded their MCLs in at least one crop year. Replacing these herbicides with glyphosate and glufosinate can reduce the occurrence of dissolved herbicide concentrations in runoff exceeding drinking water standards. C1 [Shipitalo, Martin J.; Owens, Lloyd B.] USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shipitalo, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM martin.shipitalo@ars.usda.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0540 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600014 PM 18268303 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB Kaspar, TC Moorman, TB Parkin, TB AF Jaynes, Dan B. Kaspar, Tom C. Moorman, Tom B. Parkin, Tim B. TI In situ bioreactors and deep drain-pipe installation to reduce nitrate losses in artificially drained fields SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; TILE-DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; DENITRIFICATION WALL; RIPARIAN FOREST; DRINKING-WATER; WASTE-WATER; REMOVAL AB Nitrate in water removed from fields by subsurface drain ('tile') systems is often at concentrations exceeding the 10 mg N L-1 maximum contaminant level (MCL) set by the USEPA for drinking water and has been implicated in contributing to the hypoxia problem within the northern Gulf of Mexico. Because previous research shows that N fertilizer management alone is not sufficient for reducing NO3 concentrations in subsurface drainage below the MCL, additional approaches are needed. In this field study, we compared the NO3 losses in tile drainage from a conventional drainage system (CN) consisting of a free-flowing pipe installed 1.2 m below the soil surface to losses in tile drainage from two alternative drainage designs. The alternative treatments were a deep tile (DT), where the tile drain was installed 0.6 m deeper than the conventional tile depth, but with the outlet maintained at 1.2 m, and a denitrification wall (DW), where trenches excavated parallel to the tile and filled with woodchips serve as additional carbon sources to increase denitrification. Four replicate 30.5- by 42.7-m field plots were installed for each treatment in 1999 and a corn-soybean rotation initiated in 2000. Over 5 yr (20012005) the tile flow from the DW treatment had annual average NO3 concentrations significantly lower than the CN treatment (8.8 vs. 22.1 mg N L-1). This represented an annual reduction in NO3 mass loss of 29 kg N ha(-1) or a 55% reduction in nitrate mass lost in tile drainage for the DW treatment. The DT treatment did not consistently lower NO3 concentrations, not reduce the annual NO3 mass loss in drainage. The DT treatment did exhibit lower NO3 concentrations in tile drainage than the CN treatment during late summer when tile flow rates were minimal. There was no difference in crop yields for any of the treatments. Thus, denitrification walls are able to substantially reduce NO3 concentrations in tiled drainage for at least 5 yr. C1 [Jaynes, Dan B.; Kaspar, Tom C.; Moorman, Tom B.; Parkin, Tim B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dan.jaynes@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 8 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0279 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600017 PM 18268306 ER PT J AU Warren, JG Penn, CJ McGrath, JM Sistani, K AF Warren, Jason G. Penn, Chad J. McGrath, Joshua M. Sistani, Karamat TI The impact of alum addition on organic P transformations in poultry litter and litter-amended soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REDUCING PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; MANURE PHOSPHORUS; IRON AMENDMENTS; ANIMAL MANURES; SPECIATION; EXTRACTS; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLUBILITY; FRACTIONS AB Poultry litter treatment with alum (Al-2(SO4)(3) center dot 18H(2)O) lowers fitter phosphorus (P) solubility and therefore can lower litter P release to runoff after land application. Lower P solubility in litter is generally attributed to aluminum-phosphate complex formation. However, recent studies suggest that alum additions to poultry litter may influence organic P mineralization. Therefore, alum-treated and untreated litters were incubated for 93 d to assess organic P transformations during simulated storage. A 62-d soil incubation was also conducted to determine the fate of incorporated litter organic P, which included alum-treated litter, untreated litter, KH2PO4 applied at 60 mg P kg(-1) of soil, and an unamended control. Liquid-state IT nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that phytic, acid, was the only organic P compound present, accounting for 50 and 45% of the total P in untreated and alum-treated litters, respectively, before incubation and declined to 9 and 37% after 93 d of storage-simulating incubation. Sequential fractionation of litters showed that alum addition to litter transformed 30% of the organic P from the 1.0 mol L-1 HCl to the 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH extractable fraction and that both organic P fractions were more persistent in alum-treated litter compared with untreated, litter. The soil incubation revealed that 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH-extractable organic P was more recalcitrant after mixing than was the 1.0 mol L-1 HCl-extractable organic P. Thus, adding alum to litter inhibits organic P mineralization during storage and promotes the formation of alkaline extractable organic P that sustains lower P solubility in the soil environment. C1 [Warren, Jason G.; Sistani, Karamat] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Penn, Chad J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [McGrath, Joshua M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Warren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM Jason.warren@ars.usda.gov OI McGrath, Joshua/0000-0002-1212-8795 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0239 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600021 PM 18268310 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Denton, DL Cooper, CM Wrysinski, J Miller, JL Reece, K Crane, D Robins, P AF Moore, M. T. Denton, D. L. Cooper, C. M. Wrysinski, J. Miller, J. L. Reece, K. Crane, D. Robins, P. TI Mitigation assessment of vegetated drainage ditches for collecting irrigation runoff in California SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; PERMETHRIN; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; PERSISTENCE; TRANSPORT; WATERS; RIVER; FATE AB Widespread contamination of California water bodies by the organophosphate insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos is well documented. While their usage has decreased over the last few years, a concomitant increase in pyrethroid usage (e.g., permethrin) (replacement insecticides) has occurred. Vegetated agricultural drainage ditches (VADD) have been proposed as a potential economical and environmentally efficient management practice to mitigate the effects of pesticides in irrigation and storm runoff. Three ditches were constructed in Yolo County; California for a field trial. A U-shaped vegetated ditch, a V-shaped vegetated ditch, and a V-shaped unvegetated ditch were each amended for 8 h with a mixture of diazinon, permethrin, and suspended sediment simulating an irrigation runoff event. Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected spatially and temporally and analyzed for diazinon and permethrin concentrations. Pesticide half-lives were similar between ditches and pesticides, ranging from 2.4 to 6.4 h. Differences in half-distances (distance required to reduce initial pesticide concentration by 50%) among pesticides and ditches were present, indicating importance of vegetation in mitigation. Cis-permethrin half-distances in V ditches ranged from 22 m (V-vegetated) to 50 m (V-unvegetated). Half-distances for trans-permethrin were similar, ranging from 21 m (V-vegetated) to 55 m (V-unvegetated). Diazinon half-distances demonstrated the greatest differences (55 m for V-vegetated and 158 m for V-unvegetated). Such economical and environmentally successful management practices will offer farmers, ranchers, and landowners a viable alternative to more conventional (and sometimes expensive) practices. C1 [Moore, M. T.; Cooper, C. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Denton, D. L.] US EPA Region XI, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Wrysinski, J.; Robins, P.] Yolo Cty Resource Conservat Dist, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. [Miller, J. L.] Aqua Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reece, K.] Univ Calif Davis, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crane, D.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mtmoore@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0172 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600023 PM 18268312 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Kwanyuen, P Plumstead, PW Maguire, RO Brake, J AF Leytem, A. B. Kwanyuen, P. Plumstead, P. W. Maguire, R. O. Brake, J. TI Evaluation of phosphorus characterization in broiler ileal digesta, manure, and litter samples: P-31-NMR vs. HPLC SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; INOSITOL TRIPHOSPHATES; DIETARY CALCIUM; ANIMAL MANURES; PHYTATE; EXTRACTS; SOILS; TETRAPHOSPHATES; PENTAPHOSPHATES; QUANTIFICATION AB Using 31-phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31-NMR) to characterize phosphorus (P) in animal manures and litter has become a popular technique in the area of nutrient management. To date, there has been no published work evaluating P quantification in manure/litter samples with P-31-NMR compared to other accepted methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To evaluate the use of P-31-NMR to quantify myoinositol hexakisphosphate (phytate) in ileal digesta, manure, and litter from broilers, we compared results obtained from both P-31-NMR and a more traditional HPLC method. The quantification of phytate in all samples was very consistent between the two methods, with linear regressions having slopes ranging from 0.94 to 1.07 and r(2) values of 0.84 to 0.98. We compared the concentration of total monoester P determined with P-31-NMR with the total inositol P content determined with HPLC and found a strong linear relationship between the two measurements having slopes ranging from 0.91 to 1.08 and r(2) values of 0.73 to 0.95. This suggests that P-31-NMR is a very reliable method for quantifying P compounds in manure/litter samples. C1 [Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Kwanyuen, P.] USDA ARS, Soyabean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Plumstead, P. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Maguire, R. O.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM april.leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0134 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600024 PM 18268313 ER PT J AU Aneja, VP Blunden, J James, K Schlesinger, WH Knighton, R Gilliam, W Jennings, G Niyogi, D Cole, S AF Aneja, Viney P. Blunden, Jessica James, Kristen Schlesinger, William H. Knighton, Raymond Gilliam, Wendell Jennings, Greg Niyogi, Dev Cole, Shawn TI Ammonia assessment from agriculture: US status and needs SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality CY 2006 CL Washington, DC ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; KATTEGAT; FLUXES AB Recent studies suggest that human activities accelerate the production of reactive nitrogen on a global scale. Increased nitrogen emissions may lead to environmental impacts including photochemical air pollution, reduced visibility, changes in biodiversity, and stratospheric ozone depletion. In the last 50 yr, emissions of ammonia (NH3), which is the most abundant form of reduced reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere, have significantly increased as a result of intensive agricultural management and greater livestock production in many developed countries. These agricultural production practices are increasingly subject to governmental regulations intended to protect air resources. It is therefore important that an accurate and robust agricultural emission factors database exist to provide valid scientific support of these regulations. This paper highlights some of the recent work that was presented at the 2006 Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality in Washington, D.C. regarding NH3 emissions estimates and emission factors from agricultural sources in the U.S. and Europe. In addition, several best management practices are explored as the scientific community attempts to maximize the beneficial use of reactive nitrogen while simultaneously minimizing negative environmental impacts. C1 [Aneja, Viney P.; Blunden, Jessica; James, Kristen] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schlesinger, William H.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Knighton, Raymond] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Jennings, Greg] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Niyogi, Dev; Cole, Shawn] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Aneja, VP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM viney-aneja@ncsu.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Blunden, Jessica/G-1309-2012 NR 51 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 515 EP 520 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0002in PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600027 PM 18389937 ER PT J AU Roberson, T Reddy, KC Reddy, SS Nyakatawa, EZ Raper, RL Reeves, DW Lemunyon, J AF Roberson, T. Reddy, K. C. Reddy, S. S. Nyakatawa, E. Z. Raper, R. L. Reeves, D. W. Lemunyon, J. TI Carbon dioxide efflux from soil with poultry litter applications in conventional and conservation tillage systems in northern Alabama SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality CY 2006 CL Washington, DC ID ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SEQUESTRATION; NITROGEN; QUALITY; INDICATORS; IRRIGATION; ROTATIONS; EMISSION; DYNAMICS AB Increased CO2 release from soils resulting from agricultural practices such as tillage has generated concerns about contributions to global warming, Maintaining current levels of soil C and/or sequestering additional C in soils are important mechanisms to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere through production agriculture. We conducted a study in northern Alabama from 2003 to 2006 to measure CO2 efflux and C storage in long-term tilled and non-tilled cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plots receiving poultry litter or ammonium nitrate (AN). Treatments were established in 1996 on a Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic thermic, Typic Paleudults) and consisted of conventional-tillage (CT), mulch-tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) systems with winter rye [Secale cereale (L.)] cover cropping and AN and poultry litter (PL) as nitrogen sources. Cotton was planted in 2003, 2004, and 2006. Corti was planted in 2005 as a rotation crop using a no-till planter in all plots, and no fertilizer was applied. Poultry litter application resulted in higher CO2 emission from soil compared with AN application regardless of tillage system. In 2003 and 2006, CT (4.39 and 3.40 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), respectively) and MT (4.17 and 3.39 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), respectively) with, PL at 100 kg N ha(-1) (100 PLN) recorded significantly higher CO2 efflux compared with NT with 100 PLN (2.84 and 2.47 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), respectively). Total soil C at 0- to 15-cm depth was not affected by tillage but significantly increased with PL application and winter rye cover cropping. In general, cotton, produced with NT conservation tillage in conjunction with PL and winter rye cover cropping reduced CO2 emissions and sequestered more soil C compared with control treatments. C1 [Roberson, T.; Reddy, K. C.; Reddy, S. S.; Nyakatawa, E. Z.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Raper, R. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Reeves, D. W.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Lemunyon, J.] USDA NRCS, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. RP Reddy, KC (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Environm Sci, POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM reddykcs@gmail.com NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0386 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600029 PM 18396538 ER PT J AU Sun, HW Trabue, SL Scoggin, K Jackson, WA Pan, Y Zhao, YJ Malkina, IL Koziel, JA Mitioehner, FM AF Sun, Huawei Trabue, Steven L. Scoggin, Kenwood Jackson, Wendi A. Pan, Yuee Zhao, Yongjing Malkina, Irina L. Koziel, Jacek A. Mitioehner, Frank M. TI Alcohol, volatile fatty acid, phenol, and methane emissions from dairy cows and fresh manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality CY 2006 CL Washington, DC ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HOLSTEIN COWS; QUANTIFICATION; PREDICTION; REDUCTION; FEEDLOTS; CATTLE AB There are approximately 2.5 million dairy cows in California. Emission inventories list dairy cows and their manure as the major source of regional air pollutants, but data on their actual emissions remain sparse, particularly for smog-forming volatile organic compounds, (VOCs)and greenhouse gases (GHGs). We report measurements, of alcohols, volatile fatty acids, phenols, and methane (CH4) emitted from nonlactating (dry) and lactating dairy cows their manure, under controlled, conditions. The experiment was conducted in an environmental chamber that simulates commercial concrete-floored freestall cow housing conditions. The fluxes of methanol, ethanol, and CH4 were measured from cows and/or their fresh manure. The average estimated methanol and ethanol emissions were 0.33 and 0.51 g cow(-1) h(-1) from dry cows and manure and 0.7 and 1.27 g cow(-1) h(-1) from lactating cows and manure, respectively.,, Both alcohols increased over time, coinciding with increasing. accumulation of manure-on the chamber floor-Volatile fatty: acids and phenols were emitted at concentrations close to their detection limit. Average estimated CH4 emissions were predominantly associated with enteric fermentation from cows, rather than manure and were 12.35, band 18.23 g cow(-1) h(-1) for dry and lactating cows, respectively. Lactating cows produced considerably more gaseous VOCs and GHGs emissions than., dry cows (P < 0.001). Dairy cows and fresh manure have the potential to emit considerable amounts of alcohols and CH4 and research is needed to determine effective mitigation. C1 [Jackson, Wendi A.; Pan, Yuee; Malkina, Irina L.; Mitioehner, Frank M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sun, Huawei] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Trabue, Steven L.; Scoggin, Kenwood] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhao, Yongjing] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Koziel, Jacek A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mitioehner, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, 2151 Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fmmitioehner@ucdavis.edu RI Koziel, Jacek/B-5483-2014; OI Koziel, Jacek/0000-0002-2387-0354; Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0357 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600039 PM 18396548 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Brink, GE Oldham, JL AF Sistani, K. R. Brink, G. E. Oldham, J. L. TI Managing broiler litter application rate and grazing to decrease watershed runoff losses SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; SURFACE WATERS; POULTRY LITTER; SOIL; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; PROTECTION; NUTRIENTS AB Pasture management and broiler litter application rate are critical factors influencing the magnitude of nutrients being transported by runoff from fields. We investigated the impact of pasture management and broiler titter application rate on nutrient runoff from bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) pastures. The experiment was conducted on a Ruston fine sandy loam with a factorial arrangement on 21 large paddocks. Runoff water was collected from natural rainfall events from 2001 to 2003. Runoff water and soil samples were analyzed for nutrients and sediments. Runoff was generally greater (29%) from grazed than bayed pastures regardless of the litter application rate. There was greater inorganic N in the runoff from grazed paddocks when litter rate was based on N rather than R The mean total P loss per runoff event for all treatments ranged from 7 to 45 g ha(-1) and the grazed treatment with litter applied on N basis had the greatest total P loss. Total dissolved P was the dominant P fraction in the runoff, ranging from 85% to 93% of the total R The soluble reactive P was greater for treatments with litter applied on N basis regardless of pasture management. Runoff total sediments were greater for N-based litter application compared to those which received litter on P basis. Out results indicate that litter may be applied on N basis if the pasture is bayed and the soil P is low. In contrast, litter rates should be based on a P-basis if pasture is grazed. C1 [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Brink, G. E.] US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Oldham, J. L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0191 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600051 PM 18396560 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Dao, L Rodriguez, DM Patterson, R AF Takeoka, Gary R. Dao, Lan Rodriguez, David M. Patterson, Robert TI Headspace volatiles of Scutellaria californica A. Gray flowers SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Scutellaria californica; Lamiaceae; headspace volatiles; beta-caryophyllene; odor threshold ID ESSENTIAL OIL; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; GREECE AB Volatile constituents of California skullcap (Scutellaria californica A. Gray) flowers were isolated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 52 constituents were identified (constituting 90.8% of the total area), 12 of which were tentatively identified. beta-Caryophyllene (56.6%), germacrene D (6.9%), methyl 2-methylbutyrate (4.9%), beta-bourbonene (4.5%), alpha-humulene (2.8%), methyl butyrate (2.7%), and alpha-copaene (1.5%) were the major constituents of the flower volatiles. Due to their low odor thresholds (measured in water) and fruity aroma, methyl 2-methylbutyrate (4.9%; odor threshold = 0.1 ppb) and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (0.7%; odor threshold = 0.007 ppb) were considered to be important contributors to the characteristic sweet, apple-like odor of these flowers. C1 [Takeoka, Gary R.; Dao, Lan] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Rodriguez, David M.; Patterson, Robert] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 169 EP 171 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 273EI UT WOS:000253912800022 ER PT J AU Jiang, CZ Lu, F Imsabai, W Meir, S Reid, MS AF Jiang, Cai-Zhong Lu, Feng Imsabai, Wachiraya Meir, Shimon Reid, Michael S. TI Silencing polygalacturonase expression inhibits tomato petiole abscission SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE abscission; cellulase; endoglucanase; expansin; Solanum lycopersicum; polygalacturonase; virus-induced gene silencing ID FLOWER ABSCISSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; LEAF ABSCISSION; MESSENGER-RNA; FRUIT; SENESCENCE; ACCUMULATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used as a tool for functional analysis of cell wall-associated genes that have been suggested to be involved in leaf abscission. Tobacco rattle virus is an effective vector for VIGS in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Silencing was more efficient when the plants were grown at 22 degrees C than when they were grown at 20 degrees C or 25 degrees C. The photobleaching phenotype resulting from silencing phytoene desaturase varied, depending on cultivar, from barely visible to photobleaching of entire leaves. To study the function of abscission-related genes, a purple transgenic tomato line constitutively expressing the maize anthocyanin regulatory gene, Leaf colour (Lc) was used. Silencing Lc expression in this line resulted in reduced anthocyanin production (reversing the colour from purple to green), thus providing a convenient silencing 'reporter'. Silencing tomato abscission-related polygalacturonases (TAPGs), using a TAPG1 fragment, delayed abscission and increased break strength of the abscission zone in explants treated with 1 mu l l(-1) ethylene. The abundance of TAPG1 transcripts in the green (silenced) abscission zone tissues was < 1% of that in the purple (non-silenced) controls. As a highly homologous region was used for all five polygalacturonases it is assumed that the effect of delayed abscission is the result of silencing all the genes in this family. By contrast, silencing abscission-related expansins (LeEXP11 and LeEXP12) and endoglucanases (LeCEL1 and LeCEL2) had no discernible effect on break strength, even when the two endoglucanase genes were silenced concurrently. Simultaneous silencing of TAPG and LeCEL1 was no more effective than silencing TAPG alone. The data demonstrate the importance of TAPGs in the abscission of leaf petioles. C1 [Lu, Feng; Imsabai, Wachiraya; Reid, Michael S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jiang, Cai-Zhong] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Meir, Shimon] Agr Res Org, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Reid, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM msreid@ucdavis.edu RI Imsabai, Wachiraya/A-7417-2009; OI Jiang, Cai-Zhong/0000-0002-5972-7963 NR 26 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 59 IS 4 BP 973 EP 979 DI 10.1093/jxb/ern023 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 278NO UT WOS:000254293800022 PM 18316316 ER PT J AU Taylor, JB Marchello, MJ Finley, JW Nevielle, TL Combs, GF Caton, JS AF Taylor, J. B. Marchello, M. J. Finley, J. W. Nevielle, T. L. Combs, G. F. Caton, J. S. TI Nutritive value and display-life attributes of selenium-enriched beef-muscle foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE selenium; beef; enrichment; display-life; muscle foods; selenomethionine; SeMet ID ORGANICALLY BOUND SELENIUM; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; DIETARY METHIONINE; CANCER PREVENTION; TISSUE SELENIUM; SELENOMETHIONINE; PERFORMANCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Our objective was to assess the nutritive value and display-life attributes of selenium-enriched beef-muscle foods. Samples of foreshank and short-loin subprimals were excised from chilled carcasses (n = 20) of beef steers that were individually finished (120 days) on either supranutritional selenium (selenium-enriched; 68.1 mu g Se/kg body weight/day; n = 9) or adequate selenium (non-enriched; 9.1 mu g Se/kg body weight/day; n = 11) diets. High-selenium wheat grain was included in the diet of supranutritional selenium-fed steers to achieve selenium-enrichment. Selenium-enriched foreshank had 3.8 times more (1085 vs. 283 ng/g wet weight, P<0.01) selenium and 1.3 times more (P<0.01) glutathione peroxidase activity than non-enriched foreshank samples. Selenium-enrichment did not influence foreshank (P = 0.16-0.89) moisture, ash, crude protein, and lipid contents, and expressible moisture, or short-loin (P = 0.11-0.41) drip-loss percentage or color change throughout the display-life evaluation. The results indicate that, compared to non-enriched, selenium-enriched beef-muscle foods have a much higher amount of selenium and similar display-life attributes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, J. B.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Marchello, M. J.; Nevielle, T. L.; Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Anim & Range Sci Dept, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Finley, J. W.; Combs, G. F.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Taylor, JB (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Sheep Expt Stn, 19 Off Loop, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM btaylor@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.08.001 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 245BK UT WOS:000251909200011 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C AF Geveke, David J. Brunkhorst, Christopher TI Radio frequency electric fields inactivation of Escherichia coli in apple cider SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE radio frequency electric fields; apple cider; nonthermal pasteurization; electrical costs; kinetics ID APPARATUS; KINETICS; O157-H7; JUICE; AC AB A nonthermal process using radio frequency electric fields (RFEF) was developed to pasteurize apple cider. An 80 kW RFEF pilot plant system was used to process cider at flow rates of 1.5 and 1.91/min. Escherichia coli K12 in apple cider was exposed to electric field strengths of 20-30 kV/cm at frequencies of 21, 30, and 41 kHz. Treatment times varied from 140 to 420 Vs. Electrical energy costs were calculated using the measured voltages and currents. Energy balances were performed using the inlet and outlet temperatures. RFEF processing at an outlet temperature of 60 degrees C reduced the population of E. coli by 4.8 log, whereas thermal processing at the same conditions had no effect. Varying the frequency between 21 and 41 kHz had no effect on the level of microbial inactivation, however, increasing the treatment time, field strength and outlet temperature enhanced inactivation. The inactivation data at 20 kV/cm and 60 degrees C follow first order kinetics with a calculated D values of 74 mu s. The inactivation data are represented well by the electric field strength model; the calculated critical electric field strength, E-c, for 60 degrees C was 4.0 kV/cm. The electrical energy for RFEF pasteurization was 260 J/ml. The electrical cost was $0.0050/1 of apple cider. Processing temperature had the greatest influence on energy efficiency. A RFEF nonthermal process has been developed to pasteurize apple cider. The effect of varying processing conditions on energy efficiency was investigated and at the optimum condition, the electrical cost appears to be minor. In addition, the RFEF process can be correlated using first order kinetic models. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david.geveke@ars.usda.gov RI Diaz, Belen/B-8946-2012 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.06.029 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 234QN UT WOS:000251178900006 ER PT J AU Wesley, IV Larsen, S Hurd, HS Mckean, JD Griffith, R Rivera, F Nannapaneni, R Cox, M Johnson, M Wagner, D De Martin, M AF Wesley, Irene V. Larsen, Steven Hurd, H. Scott Mckean, James D. Griffith, Ronald Rivera, Fernando Nannapaneni, Ramakrishna Cox, Mandy Johnson, Michael Wagner, Dean De Martin, Mary TI Low prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in cull sows and pork SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PIGS; MEAT; PRODUCTS; OUTBREAK; ANIMALS; FRANCE AB The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in sows slaughtered at a single Midwestern plant on two occasions (trial 1, n = 179 sows; trial 2, n = 160 sows). Fecal samples collected antemortem (trial 1) as well as animal tissues, and carcass swabs collected at the abattoir (trials 1 and 2) were analyzed. Eight isolates of L. monocytogenes were recovered from five samples that represented 0.18% of the total samples (n = 2,775). In trial 1, L monocytogenes was detected in a tonsil sample (0.6%; 1 positive of 181 tonsils), in a carcass (0.6%; 1 positive of 179 carcasses), which was sampled prior to the organic rinse, and in two chopped meat block samples (1.2%; 2 positive of 165 samples). In trial 2, L. monocytogenes was only detected in a single chopped meat block sample (0.15%; 1 positive of 688 total samples). These data indicate the low prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the cull sow. C1 [Wesley, Irene V.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Larsen, Steven] Natl Pork Board, Des Moines, IA 50306 USA. [Hurd, H. Scott; Mckean, James D.; Griffith, Ronald] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rivera, Fernando] Univ Zuila, Coll Vet Med, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela. [Nannapaneni, Ramakrishna; Cox, Mandy; Johnson, Michael] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wagner, Dean] Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. [De Martin, Mary] Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM irene.wesley@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 545 EP 549 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 271YI UT WOS:000253824200012 PM 18389698 ER PT J AU Forbes, LB Hill, DE Parker, S Tessaro, SV Gamble, HR Gajadhar, AA AF Forbes, L. B. Hill, D. E. Parker, S. Tessaro, S. V. Gamble, H. R. Gajadhar, A. A. TI Complete validation of a unique digestion assay to detect Trichinella larvae in horse meat demonstrates the reliability of this assay for meeting food safety and trade requirements SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE SYSTEM; TRICHINOSIS; INFECTION; ANIMALS; PORK AB A tissue digestion assay using a double separatory funnel procedure for the detection of Trichinella larvae in horse meat was validated for application in food safety programs and trade. The assay consisted of a pepsin-HCl digestion step to release larvae from muscle tissue and two sequential sedimentation steps in separatory funnels to recover and concentrate larvae for detection with a stereomicroscope. With defined critical control points, the assay was conducted within a quality assurance system compliant with International Organization for Standardization-International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) 17025 guidelines. Samples used in the validation were obtained from horses experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis to obtain a range of muscle larvae densities. One-, 5-, and 10-g samples of infected tissue were combined with 99, 95, and 90 g, respectively, of known negative horse tissue to create a 100-g sample for testing. Samples of 5 and 10 g were more likely to be positive than were 1-g samples when larval densities were less than three larvae per gram (lpg). This difference is important because ingested meat with 1 lpg is considered the threshold for clinical disease in humans. Using a 5-g sample size, all samples containing 1.3 to 2 lpg were detected, and 60 to 100% of samples with infected horse meat containing 0.1 to 0.7 lpg were detected. In this study, the double separatory funnel digestion assay was efficient and reliable for its intended use in food safety and trade. This procedure is the only digestion assay for Trichinella in horse meat that has been validated as consistent and effective at critical levels of sensitivity. C1 [Forbes, L. B.; Gajadhar, A. A.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Saskatoon Lab, Ctr Food Borne & Anim Parasitol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada. [Hill, D. E.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Parker, S.] Western Coll Vet Med, Saskatchewan Agr & Food On Farm Food Safety Res, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Tessaro, S. V.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Lethbridge Lab, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada. [Gamble, H. R.] Natl Acad Sci, Policy & Global Affairs Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Forbes, LB (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Saskatoon Lab, Ctr Food Borne & Anim Parasitol, 116 Vet Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada. EM lforbes@inspection.gc.ca NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 558 EP 563 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 271YI UT WOS:000253824200014 PM 18389700 ER PT J AU Kalchayanand, N Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Brichta-Harhay, DM Guerini, MN Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Kalchayanand, Norasak Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Guerini, Michael N. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Evaluation of various antimicrobial interventions for the reduction of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on bovine heads during processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HOT-WATER; BEEF CARCASSES; LACTIC-ACID; MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; CLOSTRIDIUM-SPOROGENES; LISTERIA-INNOCUA; BACTERIA; TISSUE; MEAT; PREVALENCE AB The effectiveness of electrolyzed oxidizing water, FreshFx, hot water, DL-lactic acid, and ozonated water was determined using a model carcass spray-washing cabinet. A total of 140 beef heads obtained from a commercial processing line were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:117 on the cheek areas. Each head was exposed to a simulated preevisceration wash and then had antimicrobial wash treatments. Hot water, lactic acid, and FreshFx treatments reduced E. coli O157:H7 on inoculated beef heads by 1.72, 1.52, and 1.06 log CFU/cm(2), respectively, relative to the simulated preevisceration wash. Electrolyzed oxidizing water and ozonated water reduced E. coli O157:H7 less than 0.50 log CFU/cm(2). Hot water, lactic acid, and FreshFx could be used as decontamination washes for the reduction of E. coli O157:117 on bovine head and cheek meat. C1 [Kalchayanand, Norasak; Arthur, Terrance M.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Guerini, Michael N.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kalchayanand, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM norasak.kalchayanand@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 621 EP 624 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 271YI UT WOS:000253824200025 PM 18389711 ER PT J AU Perez-Diaz, IM Truong, VD Webber, A Mcfeeters, RF AF Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. Truong, Van-Den Webber, Ashlee Mcfeeters, Roger F. TI Microbial growth and the effects of mild acidification and preservatives in refrigerated sweet potato puree SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT PH LEVELS; SORBIC ACID; INHIBITION AB Refrigerated sweet potato puree is a convenient form of sweet potato that can be used as an ingredient in formulated foods. The microbiology of refrigerated sweet potato puree during storage for up to 5 weeks was evaluated. Because the puree was made by comminuting steam-cooked sweet potatoes before refrigeration, no naturally occurring vegetative bacterial cells were detected during a 4-week period of refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C. However, if postprocessing microbial contamination of the puree were to occur, contaminating microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes could grow during refrigerated storage. The effects of acidification or the addition of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on a population of L. monocytogenes inoculated into refrigerated (4 degrees C) sweet potato puree were determined. Inoculation of the refrigerated puree with L. monocytogenes at 10(6) CFU/ml resulted in a 3-log increase after 3 weeks storage of nonsupplemented puree. Supplementation of the sweet potato puree with 0.06% (wt/vol) sorbic acid or benzoic acid plus mild acidification of the sweet potato puree with citric acid to pH 4.2 prevented growth of L. monocytogenes during storage at 4 degrees C. C1 [Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.; Truong, Van-Den; Webber, Ashlee; Mcfeeters, Roger F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, S Atlant Area Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, S Atlant Area Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ilenys.perez-diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 639 EP 642 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 271YI UT WOS:000253824200029 PM 18389715 ER PT J AU Fan, X Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, X. Sokorai, K. J. B. TI Effect of ionizing radiation on furan formation in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ascorbic acid; furan; irradiation; pH produce; sugars ID MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE; QUALITY; LETTUCE; FOOD AB Furan, a possible carcinogen, is commonly induced by thermal processing in a wide variety of foods. The possible formation of furan from fresh-cut fruits and vegetables due to irradiation was studied. Nineteen fresh-cut fruits and vegetables were irradiated by 5 kGy gama rays at 4 degrees C. Furan was analyzed from the irradiated samples using a number of preparation methods. The results showed that almost all tested fruits and vegetables, upon irradiation, produced nondetectable levels, or less than 1 ng/g of furan. Irradiation induced low ng/g of furan only in grape and pineapple. Dipping apple slices into calcium ascorbate before irradiation did not increase furan formation. The pH and the amount of simple sugars in fresh fruits and vegetables had a role in furan formation. Low levels of furan were induced by irradiation only in those fruits that had a high amount of simple sugars and low pH. C1 [Fan, X.; Sokorai, K. J. B.] USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, X (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetongfan@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP C79 EP C83 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00622.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 264TP UT WOS:000253313600009 PM 18298720 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Raikowski, KT AF Sommers, C. H. Raikowski, K. T. TI Inactivation of Escherichia coli JM109, DH5 alpha, and o157 : H7 suspended in Butterfield's Phosphate Buffer by gamma irradiation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DH5 alpha; DNA repair; Escherichia coli; food irradiation; JM109 ID RADIATION SENSITIVITY; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; ACID RESISTANCE; IONIZING-RADIATION; ELECTRON-BEAM; TEMPERATURE; RECA; SALMONELLA; KINETICS; LETTUCE AB Food irradiation is a safe and effective method for inactivation of pathogenic bacteria, Including Escherichia coli O157:H7, in meat, leafy greens, and complex ready-to-eat foods without affecting food product quality. Determining the radiation dose needed to Inactivate E. coli O157:H7 In foods and the validation of new irradiation technologies are often performed through inoculation of model systems or food products with cocktails of the target bacterium, or use of single well-characterized Isolates. In this study, the radiation resistance of 4 E. colt strains, 2 DNA repair deficient strains used for cloning and recombinant DNA technology (JM109 and DH5 alpha) and 2 strains of serotype O157:H7 (C9490 and ATCC 35150), were determined. The D-10 values for C9490, ATCC 35150, JM109, and DH5a stationary phase cells suspended in Butterfield's Phosphate Buffer and irradiated at 4 degrees C were 229 (+/- 9.00), 257 (+/- 7.00), 61.2 (+/- 10.4), and 51.2 (+/- 8.82) Gy, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the extreme radiation sensitivity of JM109 and DH5 alpha makes them unsuitable for use as surrogate microorganisms for pathogenic E, coli in the field of food irradiation research. Use of E. coli JM109 and DH5 alpha, which carry mutations of the recA and gyrA genes required for efficient DNA repair and replication, is not appropriate for determination of radiation inactivation kinetics and validation of radiation processing equipment. C1 [Sommers, C. H.; Raikowski, K. T.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM christophersommers@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP M87 EP M90 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00647.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 264TP UT WOS:000253313600031 PM 18298742 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Geveke, DJ Fan, X AF Sommers, C. H. Geveke, D. J. Fan, X. TI Inactivation of Listeria innocua on frankfurters that contain potassium lactate and sodium diacetate by flash pasteurization SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flash pasteurization; frankfurters; Listeria potassium lactate; sodium diacetate ID MONOCYTOGENES; STEAM; RADIATION; VACUUM; RISK; MEAT AB Listeria monocytogenes, a psychrotrophic foodborne pathogen, is a recurring postprocess contaminant on ready-to-eat meat (RTE) products, including frankfurters. Potassium lactate (PL) and sodium diacetate (SDA) are FDA-approved antimicrobials that inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes when incorporated into the formulation of fine emulsion sausage. Flash (steam) pasteurization (FP) has been shown to reduce levels of L. monocytogenes, and its surrogate L. innocua, on frankfurter surfaces. The ability of FP to inactivate and prevent the growth of the L. monocytogenes surrogate L. innocua in a pilot plant setting was investigated. FP treatment (1.5 s, 121 degrees C) of single layers of frankfurters that were surface-inoculated with either 5,4, or 3 log CFU/g of L. innocua immediately before FP (1.5 s, 121 degrees C) resulted in log reductions of 1.97 (+/- 0.11), 2.03 (+/- 0.10), or 2.07 (+/- 0.14), respectively. Inoculum level had no effect on the inactivation of L. innocua. Following 8 wk of refrigereated storage (4 degrees C), L. innocua levels decreased by 0.5 log in non-FP-treated frankfurter packs, while the 2 log reduction of L. innocua was maintained for FP-treated frankfurters. FP (1.5 s, 121 degrees C) had no effect on frankfurter color or texture. Because the numbers of L. monocytogenes associated with contaminations of ready-to-eat meats are typically very low, the use of FP in combination with PL and SDA has the potential to reduce the number of frankfurter recalls and foodborne illness outbreaks. C1 [Sommers, C. H.; Geveke, D. J.; Fan, X.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM christophersommers@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP M72 EP M74 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00635.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 264TP UT WOS:000253313600028 PM 18298739 ER PT J AU Paveglio, T Carroll, MS Jakes, PJ AF Paveglio, Travis Carroll, Matthew S. Jakes, Pamela J. TI Alternatives to evacuation - Protecting public safety during wildland fire SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildfire; evacuation ID SHELTER-IN-PLACE; WILDFIRE; INTERFACE; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT AB Remaining inside fire-safe structures or at designated safety zones to actively defend against wildland fire events is an underrepresented area of scholarship. Although research on chemical spills and tornadoes has long advocated a similar practice of shelter-in-place during certain types of emergency situations, its applicability to the field of wildland fire management appears only. infrequently in conferences and necessitates a more active view of participants in ensuring their safety. This article suggests that the Australian model of fire response, "prepare, stay and defend, or leave early," may emerge as a viable alternative to evacuation in some, but not all, wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire situations. Several communities in the West have begun to explore opportunities for alternatives to evacuation during wildland fire. Because of the lack of US experience with these types of responses during fire events we attempt to draw lessons from disaster and risk communication literature related to other types of hazards. An overview of associated fire literature will provide background and situate these concerns in a larger social context. We maintain that this literature provides insight into the considerations, precautions, and initial steps needed for testing the applicability of the Australian model of "prepare, stay and defend, or leave early" during wildland fire events threatening WUI populations. C1 [Paveglio, Travis; Carroll, Matthew S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Jakes, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Paveglio, T (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Johnson 183, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM travispaveglio@wsu.edu; carroll@wsu.edu; pjakes@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 300FA UT WOS:000255808500002 ER PT J AU Harrison, RL Puttler, B Popham, HJR AF Harrison, Robert L. Puttler, Benjamin Popham, Holly J. R. TI Genomic sequence analysis of a fast-killing isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; ECDYSTEROID UDP-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; SINGLE-NUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; BOMBYX-MORI NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; OCCLUSION-DERIVED VIRUS; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; EGT GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GLUCOSYL TRANSFERASE AB Six clones of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) were plaque-purified from field isolates collected in Missouri, USA. In bioassays, four of the plaque-purified isolates killed neonate S. frugiperda larvae more rapidly than the field isolates from which they were derived, with LT50 values (mean time to kill 50% of the test larvae) ranging from 34.4 to 49.7 h post-infection. The complete genomic sequence of one of these isolates, SfMNPV-3AP2, was determined and analysed. The SfMNPV-3AP2 genome was 131 330 bp with a G+C content of 40.2%. A total of 144 open reading frames (ORFs) was identified and examined, including the set of 62 genes in common among lepidopteran nucleopolyhedrovirus genomes. Comparisons of ORF content, order and predicted amino acid sequences with other nucleopolyhedoviruses indicated that SfMNPV is part of a cluster of viruses within NPV group 11 that includes NPVs isolated from Spodoptera, Agrotis and Marnestra host species. SfMNPV-3AP2 shared a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity with partial sequences from other SfMNPV isolates. Comparison of the SfMNPV-3AP2 genome sequence with a partial sequence from a Brazilian isolate of SfMNPV revealed that SfMNPV-3AP2 contained a deletion that removed parts of ORF sf27 and the gene encoding ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt). An examination of the egt region in the other isolates revealed that the other five SfMNPV clones also contained deletions of varying length in this region. Variant genotypes with deletions extending around the egt gene have been reported previously from a Nicaraguan field isolate of SfMNPV, suggesting that the presence of such variants is a common feature of SfMNPV populations. C1 [Harrison, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Puttler, Benjamin] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Popham, Holly J. R.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014 NR 75 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 89 BP 775 EP 790 DI 10.1099/vir.0.83566-0 PN 3 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 274JX UT WOS:000253998700020 PM 18272770 ER PT J AU Okagaki, RJ Jacobs, MS Stec, AO Kynast, RG Buescher, E Rines, HW Vales, MI Riera-Lizarazu, O Schneerman, M Doyle, G Friedman, KL Staub, RW Weber, DF Kamps, TL Amarillo, IFE Chase, CD Bass, HW Phillips, RL AF Okagaki, Ron J. Jacobs, Morrison S. Stec, Adrian O. Kynast, Ralf G. Buescher, Elizabeth Rines, Howard W. Vales, M. Isabel Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar Schneerman, Martha Doyle, Greg Friedman, Katherine L. Staub, Rick W. Weber, David F. Kamps, Terry L. Amarillo, Ina F. E. Chase, Christine D. Bass, Hank W. Phillips, Ronald L. TI Maize centromere mapping: A comparison of physical and genetic strategies SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID B-A TRANSLOCATIONS; ZEA-MAYS L.; MARKERS; OAT; CHROMOSOME-9; ORGANIZATION; MAP AB Centromere positions on 7 maize chromosomes were compared on the basis of data from 4 to 6 mapping techniques per chromosome. Centromere positions were first located relative to molecular markers by means of radiation hybrid lines and centric fission lines recovered from oat-maize chromosome addition lines. These centromere positions were then compared with new data from centric fission lines recovered from maize plants, half-tetrad mapping, and fluorescence in situ hybridizations and to data from earlier studies. Surprisingly, the choice of mapping technique was not the critical determining factor. Instead, on 4 chromosomes, results from all techniques were consistent with a single centromere position. On chromosomes 1, 3, and 6, centromere positions were not consistent even in studies using the same technique. The conflicting centromere map positions on chromosomes 1, 3, and 6 could be explained by pericentric inversions or alternative centromere positions on these chromosomes. C1 [Okagaki, Ron J.; Jacobs, Morrison S.; Stec, Adrian O.; Kynast, Ralf G.; Buescher, Elizabeth; Rines, Howard W.; Phillips, Ronald L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rines, Howard W.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vales, M. Isabel; Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schneerman, Martha; Weber, David F.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Doyle, Greg] Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Friedman, Katherine L.; Staub, Rick W.] Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Kamps, Terry L.; Chase, Christine D.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Amarillo, Ina F. E.; Bass, Hank W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Okagaki, RJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM okaga002@umn.edu RI Bass, Hank/I-4962-2012; OI Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar/0000-0002-7477-4063 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1093/jhered/esm111 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 278NX UT WOS:000254294700001 PM 18216028 ER PT J AU Lightbourn, GJ Griesbach, RJ Novotny, JA Clevidence, BA Rao, DD Stommel, JR AF Lightbourn, Gordon J. Griesbach, Robert J. Novotny, Janet A. Clevidence, Beverly A. Rao, David D. Stommel, John R. TI Effects of anthocyanin and carotenoid combinations on foliage and immature fruit color of Capsicum annuum L. SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID CO-PIGMENT COMPLEX; FLOWER COLOR; PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; BIOSYNTHESIS; PH; BIOCHEMISTRY; GENETICS; GENES AB Shades ranging from violet to black pigmentation in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) are attributed to anthocyanin accumulation. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of violet and black fruit tissue identified a single anthocyanin that was determined to be delphinidin-3-p-coumaroyl-rutinoside-5-glucoside. Leaf tissue of a black-pigmented foliage genotype contained the same anthocyanin found in fruit but at a considerably higher concentration in comparison to violet and black fruit tissue. Fruit chlorophyll concentration was approximately 14-fold higher in black fruit in comparison to violet fruit that contained relatively little chlorophyll. beta-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin carotenoid concentrations in black fruit were also significantly greater in comparison to violet fruit. High concentrations of delphinidin in combination with chlorophyll and accessory carotenoid pigments produced the characteristic black pigmentation observed in fruits and leaves of selected genotypes. Anthocyanins were accumulated in the outer mesocarp of violet and black fruit and in the palisade and mesophyll cells of black leaves. Consistent with chlorophyll content of respective genotypes, chloroplast density was greater in cells of black fruits. Utilizing Capsicum pigment variants, we determine the biochemical factors responsible for violet versus black-pigmented pepper tissue in the context of described pepper color genes. C1 [Stommel, John R.] Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lightbourn, Gordon J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Griesbach, Robert J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Novotny, Janet A.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Rao, David D.] Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.stommel@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1093/jhered/esm108 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 278NX UT WOS:000254294700003 PM 18222931 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Ratcliffe, ST French, BW Liu, L Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Ratcliffe, Susan T. French, B. Wade Liu, Lei Sappington, Thomas W. TI Utility of EST-Derived SSRs as population genetics markers in a beetle SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Review ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; MICROSATELLITE NULL ALLELES; EWENS SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA; TELADORSAGIA-CIRCUMCINCTA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; COLEOPTERA; GENOME AB SSRsMicrosatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), loci can be identified by mining expressed sequence tag (EST) databases, and where these are available, marker development time and expense can be decreased considerably over conventional strategies of probing the entire genome. However, it is unclear whether they provide information on population structure similar to that generated by anonymous genomic SSRs. We performed comparative population genetic analyses between EST-derived SSRs (EST-SSRs) and anonymous SSRs developed from genomic DNA for the same set of populations of the insect Diabrotica virgifera, a beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. Compared with noncoding, nontranscribed regions, EST-SSRs were generally less polymorphic but had reduced occurrence of null alleles and greater cross-species amplification. Neutrality tests suggested the loci were not under positive selection. Across all populations and all loci, the genomic and EST-SSRs performed similarly in estimating genetic diversity, F-IS, F-ST, population assignment and exclusion tests, and detection of distinct populations. These findings, therefore, indicate that the EST-SSRs examined can be used with confidence in future genetic studies of Diabrotica populations and suggest that EST libraries can be added as a valuable source of markers for population genetics studies in insects and other animals. C1 [Kim, Kyung Seok; Sappington, Thomas W.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ratcliffe, Susan T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [French, B. Wade] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Liu, Lei] Univ Illinois, Ctr Biotechnol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.sappington@ars.usda.gov NR 101 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.1093/jhered/esm104 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 278NX UT WOS:000254294700004 PM 18222933 ER PT J AU Peloquin, SJ Boiteux, LS Simon, PW Jansky, SH AF Peloquin, Stanley J. Boiteux, Leonardo S. Simon, Philipp W. Jansky, Shelley H. TI A chromosome-specific estimate of transmission of heterozygosity by 2n gametes in potato SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article AB Polyploid plants are formed when numerically unreduced (2n) gametes participate in fertilization. Based on cytological and genetic analyses, modes of 2n gamete formation have been determined for a number of plant species. Gametes formed by a first-division restitution (FDR) mechanism contain nonsister chromatids near the centromere, whereas those formed by second-division restitution (SDR) contain sister chromatids. These mechanisms differ in the proportion of heterozygous loci they transmit intact to offspring. This paper estimates the transmission of heterozygosity on an individual chromosome basis through pachytene analysis of chromosomes of haploids (2n = 2x = 24) of Solanum tuberosum Andigena Group (2n = 4x = 48), a South American cultivated potato. Transmission of heterozygosity by FDR and SDR 2n gametes was calculated for 6 different cytogenetic assumptions. FDR was more than twice as effective as SDR in transmission of heterozygosity under all 6 scenarios. Rates of transmission of heterozygosity were similar in each situation. Transmission of heterozygosity by FDR was also compared with transmission of heterozygosity by tetrasomic inheritance and found to be approximately 50% more effective. C1 [Peloquin, Stanley J.; Simon, Philipp W.; Jansky, Shelley H.] USDA ARS, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Boiteux, Leonardo S.] Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Hort, Empresa Brasilera Pesquise Agropecuaria, BR-70399970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu RI Boiteux, Leonardo/F-9675-2012 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1093/jhered/esm110 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 278NX UT WOS:000254294700012 PM 18209111 ER PT J AU Schmetterling, DA Young, MK AF Schmetterling, David A. Young, Michael K. TI Summer movements of Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas boreas) in two western Montana basins SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FROGS RANA-LUTEIVENTRIS; DISEASE; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; COLORADO; HABITAT; DECLINE AB The Boreal Toad (Bufo boreas boreas) is widely distributed in the western United States but has declined in portions of its range. Research directed at conserving Boreal Toads has indicated that their movements are largely terrestrial and often limited after the breeding season. We used a combination of stream-based netting, PIT tagging, and radio telemetry to examine patterns in captures, movements, and habitat use of Boreal Toads associated with two stream valleys in western Montana. Netting produced 514 captures of 118 adult and 203 juvenile toads from 8 July to 19 August 2003. juveniles dominated catches initially but declined throughout the summer, whereas adult catches showed less consistent temporal trends. Of the 122 PIT-tagged toads, nearly two-thirds were recaptured 1-7 times in hoop nets, and the median total distance moved was over 1 km downstream. The median distance moved by radio-tagged toads was 2.1 km (maximum, 12.0 km) or 2.9 km (maximum, 13.0 km) if movements before and after radios were affixed are included. Over 17% of relocations of radio-tagged toads were at upland sites, 56% were in riparian zones, and 26% were in or adjacent to water. We believe that Boreal Toads in this area are engaging in long-distance movements between overwintering, breeding, and summer growth sites. Downward redistribution via streams may be common in montane habitats and warrants examination in other regions. C1 [Young, Michael K.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Schmetterling, David A.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. RP Young, MK (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkyoung@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1670/07-125R1.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 268CP UT WOS:000253555800015 ER PT J AU Mathies, T Martin, DJ AF Mathies, Tom Martin, Daniel J. TI Overwintering site selection by Short-Homed Lizards (Phrynosoma hernandesi) in northeastern Colorado SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACERTA-VIVIPARA; HIBERNACULA; HIBERNATION; REPTILES; HABITAT AB Radio telemetry was used to track 16 adult Short-Homed Lizards (Phrynosoma hernandesi) to their individual overwintering sites on the Central Plains Experimental Range (CPER) in Weld County, Colorado. Above-ground habitat characteristics of overwintering sites and randomly selected points within the study area were assessed. All individuals entered overwintering between 29 August and 19 September with a mean estimated entrance date of 7 September. Arrival of the first subzero nighttime air temperatures occurred shortly thereafter on 16 September. No lizard left its normal area of use to overwinter, and there was no tendency to aggregate. Lizards did not necessarily overwinter on warmer south-facing slopes; the proportion of overwintering sites oriented southward (0.62) was not different from random. Most lizards (75%) selected overwintering sites in the banks of washes that had relatively steep slopes and at specific locations where substrate was relatively bare and penetrable. Overwintering sites also tended to have a greater coverage of Yucca glauca (0.02%) than the general study area (0.01%). Analyses of historical soil temperature data from the CPER revealed that lizards would have to overwinter at a subsoil depth of about 1 m to avoid freezing temperatures. Banks that contain suitable hibernation sites that are located within an individual's normal area of use may be the habitat feature most important to successful overwintering. C1 [Mathies, Tom] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Mathies, Tom] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80532 USA. [Martin, Daniel J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Mathies, T (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM danny.martin@state.co.us NR 25 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 55 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1670/06-260R1.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 268CP UT WOS:000253555800020 ER PT J AU Chen, PH Pan, YB Chen, RK AF Chen, Ping-Hua Pan, Yong-Bao Chen, Ru-Kai TI High-throughput procedure for single pollen grain collection and polymerase chain reaction in plants SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA marker; high-throughput; polymerase chain reaction; single pollen grain ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; PHI-29 DNA-POLYMERASE; SPOROPOLLENIN; VIABILITY; ASSAYS; WHEAT; SIZE; CELL; PCR AB Single pollen grain polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has succeeded in several species, however only limited numbers of pollen grains were involved due to difficulties in pollen isolation and lysis. This has limited its application in genetic analysis and mapping studies in plants. A high-throughput (HT) procedure for collecting and detecting genetic variation in a large number of individual pollen grains by PCR is reported. The HT procedure involved the collection of individual pollen grains by a pair of special forceps and the lysis of pollen grains in a heated alkali/detergent solution followed by neutralization with a tris-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (TE) buffer. These resulting template solutions yielded PCR reactions involving the 5S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacers, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, and simple sequence repeats markers. Using this procedure, one person with experience could collect and process up to 288 single pollen grain PCR reactions per day. The method worked well on sugarcane, corn, Miscanthus spp., snap bean, sorghum, and tomato. The ability to collect and conduct PCR on individual pollen grains on a large scale offers a new approach to genetic analyses and mapping studies in an easily controllable environment with a considerable cost reduction. The method will also significantly benefit studies in species that are difficult subjects for classical genetic research. C1 [Chen, Ping-Hua; Pan, Yong-Bao] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Chen, Ping-Hua; Chen, Ru-Kai] Fujian Normal Univ, Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Ecophysiol & Genet Improvement Sugarcane, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. RP Pan, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ypan@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00624.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 270HG UT WOS:000253711300015 PM 18713371 ER PT J AU Irmak, S Irmak, A Howell, TA Martin, DL Payero, JO Copeland, KS AF Irmak, S. Irmak, A. Howell, T. A. Martin, D. L. Payero, J. O. Copeland, K. S. TI Variability analyses of alfalfa-reference to grass-reference evapotranspiration ratios in growing and dormant seasons SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; vegetation; crops; seasonal variations AB Alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration (ETr) values sometimes need to be converted to grass-reference ET (ETo), or vice versa, to enable crop coefficients developed for one reference surface to be used with the other. However, guidelines to make these conversions are lacking. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop ETr to ETo ratios (K-r values) for different climatic regions for the growing season and nongrowing (dormant) seasons; and (2) determine the seasonal behavior of K-r values between the locations and in the same location for different seasons. Monthly average K-r values from daily values were developed for Bushland, (Tex.), Clay Center, (Neb.), Davis, (Calif.), Gainesville, (Fla.), Phoenix (Ariz.), and Rockport, (Mo.) for the calendar year and for the growing season (May-September). ETr and ETo values that were used to determine K-r values were calculated by several methods. Methods included the standardized American Society of Civil Engineers Penman-Monteith (ASCE-PM), Food and Agriculture Organization Paper 56 (FAO56) equation (68), 1972 and 1982 Kimberly-Penman, 1963 Jensen-Haise, and the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC) Penman. The K-r values determined by the same and different methods exhibited substantial variations among locations. For example, the K-r values developed with the ASCE-PM method in July were 1.38, 1.27, 1.32, 1.11, 1.28, and 1.19, for Bushland, Clay Center, Davis, Gainesville, Phoenix, and Rockport, respectively. The variability in the K-r values among locations justifies the need for developing local K-r values because the values did not appear to be transferable among locations. In general, variations in K-r values were less for the growing season than for the calendar year. Average standard deviation between years was maximum 0.13 for the calendar year and maximum 0.10 for the growing season. The ASCE-PM K-r values had less variability among locations than those obtained with other methods. The FAO56 procedure K-r. values had higher variability among locations, especially for areas with low relative humidity and high wind speed. The 1972 Kim-Pen method resulted in the closest K-r values compared with the ASCE-PM method at all locations. Some of the methods, including the ASCE-PM, produced potentially unrealistically high K-r values (e.g., 1.78, 1.80) during the nongrowing season, which could be due to instabilities and uncertainties that exist when estimating ETr and ETo in dormant season since the hypothetical reference conditions are usually not met during this period in most locations. Because simultaneous and direct measurements of the ETr and ETo values rarely exist, it appears that the approach of ETr to ETo ratios calculated with the ASCE-PM method is currently the best approach available to derive K-r values for locations where these measurements are not available. The K-r values developed in this study can be useful for making conversions from ETr to ETo or vice versa, to enable using crop coefficients developed for one reference surface with the other to determine actual crop water use for locations, with similar climatic characteristics of this study, when locally measured K-r values are not available. C1 [Irmak, S.; Martin, D. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Irmak, A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Irmak, A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Copeland, K. S.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Payero, J. O.] Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries Irrigated Farming Sy, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. RP Irmak, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 241 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sirmak2@unl.edu RI Payero, Jose/A-7916-2011 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 134 IS 2 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:2(147) PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 284AG UT WOS:000254677000004 ER PT J AU Millar, JS Brousseau, ME Diffenderfer, MR Barrett, PHR Welty, FK Cohn, JS Wilson, A Wolfe, ML Nartsupha, C Schaefer, PM Digenio, AG Mancuso, JP Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ Rader, DJ AF Millar, John S. Brousseau, Margaret E. Diffenderfer, Margaret R. Barrett, P. Hugh R. Welty, Francine K. Cohn, Jeffrey S. Wilson, Aisha Wolfe, Megan L. Nartsupha, Chorthip Schaefer, Peter M. Digenio, Andres G. Mancuso, James P. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Schaefer, Ernst J. Rader, Daniel J. TI Effects of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib on VLDL apolipoprotein E metabolism SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE very low density lipoproteins; triglyceride; low density lipoproteins; lipoprotein kinetics ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; A-I; PLASMA-CONCENTRATION; HUMANS; APOE; SUBFRACTIONS; POLYMORPHISM; KINETICS; APO-B-48; HDL AB Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition leads to changes in lipoprotein metabolism. We studied the effect of the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib on VLDL apolipoprotein E (apoE) metabolism. Subjects, pretreated with atorvastatin (n = 9) or untreated (n = 10), received placebo followed by torcetrapib (4 weeks each). After each treatment, subjects underwent a primed-constant infusion of D-3-leucine to determine, the VLDL apoE production rate (PR) and fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Torcetrapib alone reduced the VLDL apoE pool size (PS) (-28%) by increasing the VLDL apoE FCR (77%) and leaving the VLDL apoE PR unchanged. In subjects pretreated with atorvastatin, torcetrapib increased the VLDL apoE FCR (25%) and PR (21%). This left the VLDL apoE PS unchanged but increased the VLDL apoE content, likely enhancing VLDL clearance and reducing LDL production in this group. Used alone, torcetrapib reduces the VLDL apoE PS by increasing the apoE FCR while leaving the VLDL apoE content unchanged. In contrast, torcetrapib added to atorvastatin treatment increases both the VLDL apoE FCR and PR, leaving the VLDL apoE PS unchanged.jr Adding torcetrapib to atorvastatin treatment increases the VLDL apoE content, likely leading to decreased conversion of VLDL to LDL, reduced LDL production, and lower levels of circulating VLDL and LDL. C1 [Millar, John S.; Wilson, Aisha; Wolfe, Megan L.; Rader, Daniel J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med & Pharmacol, Ctr Translat Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Brousseau, Margaret E.; Diffenderfer, Margaret R.; Welty, Francine K.; Nartsupha, Chorthip; Schaefer, Peter M.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Brousseau, Margaret E.; Diffenderfer, Margaret R.; Welty, Francine K.; Nartsupha, Chorthip; Schaefer, Peter M.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Welty, Francine K.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cohn, Jeffrey S.] Heart Res Inst, Nutr & Metab Grp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Digenio, Andres G.; Mancuso, James P.] Pfizer Inc, Clin Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Millar, JS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med & Pharmacol, Ctr Translat Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jsmillar@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00040, M01 RR-00054]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL-60935]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB-001975] NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1194/jlr.M700268-LR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 266EY UT WOS:000253418500007 PM 18033754 ER PT J AU Cragg, GM Powell, RG Singh, SB AF Cragg, Gordon M. Powell, Richard G. Singh, Shen B. TI Special issue in honor of professor George Robert Pettit SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Cragg, Gordon M.] NCI, Nat Prod Branch, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Powell, Richard G.] USDA, Natl Canc Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Singh, Shen B.] Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ USA. RP Cragg, GM (reprint author), NCI, Nat Prod Branch, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1021/np700714j PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 282CJ UT WOS:000254544900001 ER PT J AU Sy, AA Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Sy, Arlene A. Swenson, Dale C. Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Botryolides A-E, decarestrictine analogues from a fungicolous Botryotrichum sp (NRRL 38180) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; CEPHALOSPORIUM-APHIDICOLA; CHOLESTEROL-BIOSYNTHESIS; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; C-10 LACTONES; PENICILLIUM; POLYKETIDE; INHIBITORS; ISOLATE; FUNGUS AB Four new decarestrictine analogues (botryolides A-D; 1-4), a biosynthetically related gamma-lactone (botryolide E; 5), and the known compounds decarestrictine D (6) and sterigmatocystin have been isolated from cultures of a fungicolous isolate of Botryotrichum sp. (NRRL 38180). The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of 2D NMR and ESIMS data. The relative configurations of 1-5 were established on the basis of NMR data and/or X-ray diffraction analysis, while the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned using the modified Mosher method. C1 [Sy, Arlene A.; Swenson, Dale C.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wicklow, Donald T.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60600] NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1021/np070610d PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 282CJ UT WOS:000254544900021 PM 18163662 ER PT J AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. TI Review of cytotoxic cephalostatins and ritterazines: Isolation and synthesis SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Review ID TUNICATE RITTERELLA-TOKIOKA; BIS-STEROIDAL PYRAZINES; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS; 1 HEMISPHERE; UNIT; ALKALOIDS; SUPPORT; ANALOGS AB The cephalostatins and ritterazines comprise a family of structurally related natural products reported by Professors G. R. Pettit and N. Fusetani from 1988-1998. Isolated from the invertebrate marine chordates Cephalodiscus gilchristi and Ritterella tokioka, the cephalostatins and ritterazines exhibit potent cytotoxicity toward the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line. In fact,. cephalostatin 1 (1, ED50 0-1-0-001 pM) proved to be one of the most powerful cancer cell growth inhibitors ever tested by the U:S. National Cancer Institute. The ritterazines and cephalostatins share many common structural features in which two highly oxygenated steroidal units with side chains forming either 5/5 or 5/6 spiroketals are fused via a pyrazine core. Professor P. L. Fuchs and colleagues reported the total syntheses of 1, cephalostatins 7 (7), and 12 (12), ritterazines K (30) and M (32), and cytotoxic analogues. The synthesis of 1, described in 1998, required 65 synthetic operations to complete. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1021/np070536z PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 282CJ UT WOS:000254544900037 PM 18197599 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, D Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA Lewis, EE Tedders, WL AF Shapiro-Ilan, David Rojas, M. Guadalupe Morales-Ramos, Juan A. Lewis, Edwin E. Tedders, W. Louis TI Effects of host nutrition on virulence and fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes: Lipid- and protein-based supplements in Tenebrio molitor diets SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis; in vivo; mass production; Steinernema ID HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; TECHNOLOGY; MEDIA AB Entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema riobrave, were tested for virulence and reproductive yield in Tenebrio molitor that were fed wheat bran diets with varying lipid- and protein-based supplements. Lipid supplements were based on 20% canola oil, peanut, portk or salmon, or a low lipid control (5% canola). Protein treatments consisted of basic supplement ingredients plus 0, 10, or 20% egg white; a bran-only control was also included. Some diet supplements had positive effects on nematode quality, whereas others had negative or neutral effects. All supplements with 20% lipids except canola oil caused increased T. molitor susceptibility to H. indica, whereas susceptibility to S, riobrave was not affected. Protein supplements did not affect host susceptibility, and neither lipid nor protein diet supplements affected reproductive capacity of either nematode species. Subsequently, we determined the pest control efficacy of progeny of nematodes that had been reared through T. molitor from different diets against Diaprepes abbreviatus and Otiorhynchus sulcatus. All nematode treatments reduced insect survival relative to the control (water only). Nematodes originating from T. molitor diets with the 0% or 20% protein exhibited lower efficacy versus D. abbreviatus than the intermediate level of protein (10%) or bran-only treatments. Nematodes originating from T. molitor lipid or control diets did not differ in virulence. Our research indicates that nutritional contents of an insect host diet can affect host susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes and nematode fitness; therefore, host media could conceivably be optimized to increase in vivo nematode production efficiency. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Rojas, M. Guadalupe; Morales-Ramos, Juan A.] USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lewis, Edwin E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tedders, W. Louis] SE Insectaries Inc, Perry, GA 31069 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 342QX UT WOS:000258799700003 PM 19259513 ER PT J AU Ramzan, M Handoo, ZA Fayyaz, S AF Ramzan, Musarrat Handoo, Zafar A. Fayyaz, Shahina TI Description of Tylenchorhynchus qasimii sp n. with a new report of T-kegasawai Minagawa, 1995 from Pakistan SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cocos nucifera l.; Oryza sativa l.; taxonomy; Tylenchorhynchus qasimii n. sp.; Tylenchorhynchus kegasawai ID DIAGNOSTIC COMPENDIUM; NEMATODA; KEY AB A new stunt nematode, front soil around the roots of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and rice (Ortza sativa L.) front Karachi, Pakistan, is described and illustrated as Tylenchorhynchus qasimii n. sp. This new species is characterized by having females with 3-4 head annules, anteriorly directed stylet knobs, absence of post anal extension, presence Of rounded sperm filled spermatheca and conoid to bluntly rounded hemispherical tail terminus. Males are common. Also included is the record of T. kegasawai from around the roots of rice (O. sativa L.), a new report front Sindh, Pakistan. C1 [Ramzan, Musarrat; Fayyaz, Shahina] Univ Karachi, Natl Nematol Res Ctr, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. [Handoo, Zafar A.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramzan, M (reprint author), Univ Karachi, Natl Nematol Res Ctr, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. EM shahinaku@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 342QX UT WOS:000258799700004 PM 19259514 ER PT J AU Robinson, AF Westphal, A Overstreet, C Padgett, GB Greenberg, SM Wheeler, TA Stetina, SR AF Robinson, A. Forest Westphal, Andreas Overstreet, Charles Padgett, G. Boyd Greenberg, Shoil M. Wheeler, Terry A. Stetina, Salliana R. TI Detection of suppressiveness against Rotylenchulus reniformis in soil from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields in Texas and Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; Rotylenchulus reniformis; reniform nematode; soil suppressiveness ID HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; INTROGRESSION; RESISTANCE AB Rolylenchulus reniformis is a major problem confronting cotton production ill the central part of the cotton belt of the United States of America. In this study, the hypothesis that natural antogonists ill some cases are responsible for unusualluy low densities of the nematode ill certain fields was tested by assaying soils from 22 selected fields for the presence of transferable agents fill pots containing cotton plants. In one field, soil from four different depth ranges was tested. In the first of two types of assays. I part nematode infested soil was added to 9 parts test soil that was,as left untreated or autoclaved before mixing ; this mixture was used to fill pots. In the second type of assay, I part test soil that was left untreated or autoclaved before mixing; this mixture was used introduced in aqueous suspension. In three experiments representing both types of assay, transferable or autoclavable agent(s) from four fields in South Texas suppressed nematode populations by 48, 78, 90 and 95%. In one experiment, transferable agents in five fields in Lousiana suppressed populations from 37 to 66%. Identification and evaluation of these agents for biological control of R. reniformis merits further study. C1 [Robinson, A. Forest] Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Westphal, Andreas] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Overstreet, Charles] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Padgett, G. Boyd] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. [Greenberg, Shoil M.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Stetina, Salliana R.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Wheeler, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Robinson, AF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM frobinson@cpru.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 342QX UT WOS:000258799700007 PM 19259517 ER PT J AU Chen, JLT Lerner, D Ruthazer, R Castaneda-Sceppa, C Levey, AS AF Chen, Joline L. T. Lerner, Debra Ruthazer, Robin Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Levey, Andrew S. TI Association of physical activity with mortality in chronic kidney disease SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic kidney disease; epidemiology; mortality; physical activity ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RENAL-DISEASE; EXERCISE; NUTRITION; DIALYSIS; HEALTH; POPULATION; PREVENTION; STATEMENT; DIET AB Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important risk factor for all-cause mortality. In the general population, physical activity is associated with reduced mortality. We examined the association of level of physical activity with mortality in patients with predominantly nondiabetic CKD stage 3-4. Methods: We studied 811 patients with CKD enrolled in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study, a multicenter clinical trial conducted between 1989 and 1993. Patients completed a survey of their physical activity at baseline, from which we derived 3 physical activity variables: indoor activity, exercise and outdoor activity, using standardized scores. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to examine the relationship between baseline physical activity and all-cause mortality with long-term outcome ascertained through 2000. Results: The mean age of the study population was 52 years, and 61% were male. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 32.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). A total of 24.6% died during follow-up. After adjustment for other factors significantly associated with mortality, the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality for indoor activity was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [ 95% CI], 0.77-1.14), exercise 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84-1.10) and outdoor activity 0.94 ( 95% CI, 0.80-1.10). Conclusions: Higher levels of physical activity were not significantly associated with a reduction in long-term mortality in patients with CKD in this cohort. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm our finding and determine whether physical activity improves outcomes in patients with CKD. C1 [Chen, Joline L. T.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Renal Sect, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Lerner, Debra; Ruthazer, Robin] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Hlth Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Lerner, Debra; Ruthazer, Robin] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Hlth Inst, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. [Levey, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, JLT (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Renal Sect, Dept Med, Room 504,650 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM Joline.chen@bmc.org NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 243 EP 252 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 317TC UT WOS:000257041900015 ER PT J AU Jayakumar, AR Panickar, KS Moriyama, M Liu, M Norenberg, MD AF Jayakumar, A. R. Panickar, K. S. Moriyama, M. Liu, M. Norenberg, M. D. TI Ion transporting systems in the mechanism of astrocyte swelling after trauma SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 01-05, 2008 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 [Jayakumar, A. R.; Panickar, K. S.; Moriyama, M.; Liu, M.; Norenberg, M. D.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. [Norenberg, M. D.] VA Med Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Panickar, K. S.] USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Moriyama, M.] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Vet Physiol Lab, Osaka, Japan. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 104 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 257RI UT WOS:000252815800331 ER PT J AU Failla, ML Chitchumroonchokchai, C Ishida, BK AF Failla, Mark L. Chitchumroonchokchai, Chureeporn Ishida, Betty K. TI In vitro micellarization and intestinal cell uptake of cis isomers of lycopene exceed those of all-trans lycopene SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MOMORDICA-COCHINCHINENSIS SPRENG; BETA-CAROTENE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; BIOAVAILABILITY; ISOMERIZATION; HUMANS; RETINOL; PLASMA; FRUIT AB The ratio of cis and all-trans lycopene (LYC) inhuman and animal tissues exceeds that in foods. The basis forth is difference remains unknown, although differences in their stability, transport, and metabolism have been suggested. Here, we systematically compared the digestive stability, efficiency of micellarization, and uptake and intracellular stability of cis and all-trans isomers of LYC and carotenes using the coupled in vitro digestion and Caco-2 human intestinal cell model. Aril and oil from the carotenoid-rich gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) were cooked with rice to provide a natural source of LYC and carotenes. The ratio of cis: trans isomers of LYC and beta-carotene was similar before and after simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion with recovery of total carotenoids in the digesta exceeding 70%. Micellarization of cis isomers of LYC during digestion of meals with both gac aril and oil was significantly greater than that of the all-trans isomer but less than for the carotenes. Uptake of cis isomers of LYC by Caco-2 cells was similar to that of carotenes and significantly greater than all-trans LYC. Micellarized carotenoids were relatively stable in micelles incubated in the cell culture environment and after accumulation in Caco-2 cells. These data suggest that the greater bioaccessibility of cis compared with all-trans isomers of LYC contributes to the enrichment of the cis isomers in tissues and that gac fruit is an excellent source of bioaccessible LYC and provitamin A carotenoids. C1 [Failla, Mark L.; Chitchumroonchokchai, Chureeporn] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ishida, Betty K.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Failla, ML (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM failla.3@osu.edu NR 35 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 138 IS 3 BP 482 EP 486 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 265FR UT WOS:000253345000008 PM 18287353 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Peterson, JW Smith, D Shea, MK Chamberland, J Crivello, N AF Booth, Sarah L. Peterson, James W. Smith, Donald Shea, M. Kyla Chamberland, John Crivello, Natalia TI Age and dietary form of vitamin K affect menaquinone-4 concentrations in male fischer 344 rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TISSUE MENAQUINONE-4; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PHYLLOQUINONE; CONVERSION; METABOLISM; BRAIN; CIS AB Phylloquinone, the primary dietary form of vitamin K, is converted to menaquinone-4 (MK-4) in certain tissues. MK-4 may have tissue-specific roles independent of those traditionally identified with vitamin K. Fischer 344 male rats of different ages (2, 12, and 24 mo, n = 20 per age group) were used to compare the conversion of phylloquinone to MK-4 with an equivalent dose of another dietary form of vitamin K, 2', 3'-dihydrophylloquinone. Rats were age- and diet-group pair-fed phylloquinone (198 +/- 9.0 mu g/kg diet) or dihydrophylloquinone (172 +/- 13.0 mu g/kg diet) for 28 d. MK-4 was the primary form of vitamin K in serum, spleen, kidney, testes, bone marrow, and brain myelin fractions, regardless of age group. MK-4 concentrations were significantly lower in kidney, heart, testes, cortex (myelin), and striatum (myelin) in the dihydrophylloquinone diet group compared with the phylloquinone diet group (P< 0.05). The MK-4 concentrations in 2-mo-old rats were lower in liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and cortex (myelin) but higher in testes compared with 24-mo-old rats (P< 0.05). However, there were no age-specific differences in MK-4 concentrations among the rats fed the 2 diets. These data suggest that dihydrophylloquinone, which differs from phylloquinone in its side phytyl chain, is absorbed but its intake results in less MK-4 in certain tissues. Dihydrophylloquinone may be used in models for the study of tissue-specific vitamin K deficiency. C1 [Booth, Sarah L.; Peterson, James W.; Smith, Donald; Shea, M. Kyla; Chamberland, John; Crivello, Natalia] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R03AG25781] NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 138 IS 3 BP 492 EP 496 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 265FR UT WOS:000253345000010 PM 18287355 ER PT J AU Ren, ZH Guo, ZY Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Ren, Zhihong Guo, Zhuyan Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI White button mushroom enhances maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and their antigen presenting function in mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; AGARICUS-BLAZEI; CROSS-TALK; IN-VIVO; ACTIVATION; POLYSACCHARIDE; GENERATION; NUMBERS AB Mushrooms have been shown to enhance immune response, which contributes to their antitumor property. White button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) (WBM) constitute 90% of the total mushrooms consumed in the United States; however, the health benefit of this strain in general is not well studied. Furthermore, little is known about WBM's immunologic effects. Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen presenting cells and play a pivotal role in immune response by linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we investigated the effect of in vitro supplementation with WBM on maturation of bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) of C57BL mice. BMDC were differentiated in the presence of whole mushroom concentrate at 50, 100, or 200 mg/L. Results showed that mushroom supplementation dose dependently increased the expression of maturation markers CD40, CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex-II. Consistent with the changes in the phenotypic markers, functional assay for DC maturation showed that mushroom supplementation decreased DC endocytosis and increased intracellular interleukin (IL)-12 levels. Furthermore, using a syngeneic T cell activation model, we found that WBM-supplemented DC from BALB/c mice presented ovalbumin antigen to T cells from DO11.10 mice more efficiently as demonstrated by increased T cell proliferation and IL-2 production. In conclusion,WBM promote DC maturation and enhance their antigen-presenting function. This effect may have potential in enhancing both innate and T cell-mediated immunity leading to a more efficient surveillance and defense mechanism against microbial invasion and tumor development. C1 [Ren, Zhihong; Guo, Zhuyan; Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 138 IS 3 BP 544 EP 550 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 265FR UT WOS:000253345000019 PM 18287364 ER PT J AU Mcgee, BB Richardson, V Johnson, GS Thornton, A Johnson, C Yadrick, K Ndirangu, M Goolsby, S Watkins, D Simpson, PM Hyman, E Stigger, F Bogle, ML Kramer, TR Strickland, E McCabe-Sellers, B AF McGee, Bernestine B. Richardson, Valerie Johnson, Glenda S. Thornton, Alma Johnson, Crystal Yadrick, Kathleen Ndirangu, Murugi Goolsby, Susan Watkins, Debra Simpson, Pippa M. Hyman, Edith Stigger, Flavelia Bogle, Margaret L. Kramer, Tim R. Strickland, Earline McCabe-Sellers, Beverly TI Perceptions of factors influencing healthful food consumption behavior in the lower Mississippi delta. Focus group findings SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE behavior change; healthful food consumption; focus groups; rural ID SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY; LOW-INCOME FAMILIES; SELF-EFFICACY; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; EATING BEHAVIORS; DIETARY-INTAKE; NUTRITION; VEGETABLES; INTERVENTION; COMMUNITIES AB Objective: To identify perceptions of Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) residents regarding factors that influence a change in healthful food consumption behavior to-assist in planning sustainable nutrition interventions in the LMD. Design: Nine focus groups were conducted with LMD residents in 9 counties in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. One focus group was held in each county on the topical area of behavioral change. Setting: Nine counties in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Participants: The study population included 91 persons, 85 females and 6 males (18-60+ years of age), of whom 71 were African Americans, 17 were Caucasians, and 3 were Hispanics, who participated in the focus group discussions. Analysis: Data analyses were completed by general and specific content coding. Data were reviewed for emerging themes for each topic. The Social Cognitive Theory served as the framework for understanding the determinants of a change in healthful food consumption behavior. Results: The study showed considerable variability in perceptions that are influenced by both personal and external factors. These factors include health concerns, family influence, and need for and availability of nutrition information. Participants were interested in learning about healthful eating, food preparation skills, and portion control. Conclusions: Focus groups in the LMD identified many important themes relevant to the development of nutrition interventions in these communities. These data will be used to guide the community-based participatory interventions that will be developed and implemented in the LMD. The findings could be applicable to other researchers designing interventions for similar populations. C1 [McGee, Bernestine B.; Richardson, Valerie; Johnson, Glenda S.; Johnson, Crystal] Southern Univ, Div Family & Consumer Sci, Human Nutr & Food Program, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [McGee, Bernestine B.; Richardson, Valerie; Johnson, Glenda S.; Johnson, Crystal] Agr & Mech Coll, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Thornton, Alma] Southern Univ, Ctr Soc Res, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Thornton, Alma] A & M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Yadrick, Kathleen] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS USA. [Ndirangu, Murugi] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Ctr Global Hlth & Econ Dev, New York, NY USA. [Goolsby, Susan] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Watkins, Debra] ACH PEDS CARE, Little Rock, AR USA. [Simpson, Pippa M.] UAMS, Delta NIRI Data Analyt Ctr, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR USA. [Hyman, Edith] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR USA. [Stigger, Flavelia] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Dept Human Sci, Pine Bluff, AR USA. [Bogle, Margaret L.; McCabe-Sellers, Beverly] ARS, USDA, SPA, Delta NIRI, Little Rock, AR USA. [Kramer, Tim R.] St Joseph Cathol Church, Conway, AR USA. [Strickland, Earline] Delta NIRI, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Mcgee, BB (reprint author), Southern Univ, Div Family & Consumer Sci, Human Nutr & Food Program, Baton Rouge, LA USA. EM bernestine_mcgee@subr.edu NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1016/J.JNEB.2006.12.013 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 274RC UT WOS:000254017600009 PM 18314086 ER PT J AU Klein, CJ Nielsen, FH Moser-Veillon, PB AF Klein, Catherine J. Nielsen, Forrest H. Moser-Veillon, Phylis B. TI Trace element loss in urine and effluent following traumatic injury SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE acute renal failure; boron; manganese; nickel; trace elements; trauma; selenium; silicon ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; STABILIZED ORTHOSILICIC ACID; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REFERENCE VALUES; NICKEL CONCENTRATIONS; DIETARY MANGANESE; SELENIUM; BLOOD; BORON; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Background: Few data are available to establish recommendations for trace element supplementation during critical illness. This study quantified the loss of several elements and assessed the adequacy of manganese and selenium in parenteral nutrition (PN). Methods: Men with traumatic injuries were grouped by renal status: adequate (POLY; n = 6), acute failure with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH; n = 2), or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD; n = 4). PN supplied 300 mu g/d manganese and 60 mu g/d selenium. Urine and effluent (from artificial kidneys) were collected for 3 days and analyzed for boron, manganese, nickel, and silicon using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and for selenium using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: POLY manganese and selenium excretion averaged (standard deviation [SD]) 7.9 (3.3) mu g/d and 103.5 (22.4) mu g/d, respectively. All elements except selenium were detected in dialysate (prior to use). CVVHD, effluent contained 3.5 and 7.3 times more manganese and nickel than CVVH ultrafiltrate, respectively. Loss of manganese averaged 2.6%, 21%, and 73% of PN amounts for POLY, CVVH, and CVVHD groups, respectively. Discussion: Minimal loss of manganese compared with the amount in PN suggests that excessive amounts are retained. POLY patients excreted more selenium than was in PN, indicating negative balance. POLY losses of boron and silicon were less than that published for healthy adults, reflecting less than typical intake, whereas loss during CVVH was in the normal reference range, possibly because of added intake front boron contamination of replacement fluids. All patients lost more nickel than amounts published for healthy adults. Conclusions: Current guidelines of 60-100 mu g/d of parenteral manganese may be excessive for trauma patients. The uptake of manganese and nickel from contaminants in CVVHD dialysate should be investigated. C1 [Klein, Catherine J.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Bionutr Res Program, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Nielsen, Forrest H.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, NPA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Moser-Veillon, Phylis B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Klein, CJ (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Bionutr Res Program, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM CKlein@cnmc.org RI Klein, Catherine/F-3940-2011 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1177/0148607108314762 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 320JV UT WOS:000257230400003 PM 18407905 ER PT J AU Sunehag, AL Toffolo, G Campioni, M Bier, DM Haymond, MW AF Sunehag, Agneta L. Toffolo, Gianna Campioni, Marco Bier, Dennis M. Haymond, Morey W. TI Short-term high dietary fructose intake had no effects on insulin sensitivity and secretion or glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy, obese adolescents SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE fructose; glucose production; gluconeogenesis; insulin sensitivity; insulin secretion; stable isotopes ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; FAT INTAKE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AD-LIBITUM; YOUNG MEN; CHILDREN; ENERGY; PREVALENCE AB There is virtually no information on the metabolic impact of dietary fructose intake in adolescents despite their high fructose consumption, particularly via sweetened beverages. Aim: To determine the short-term metabolic effects of dietary fructose intake in obese adolescents. Methods: Six volunteers (3 M/3 F; 15.2 +/- 0.5 yr; 35 +/- 2 kg/m(2); 39 +/- 2% body fat) were studied twice following 7 d of isocaloric, isonitrogenous high carbohydrate (60% CHO; 25% fat) diets with fructose accounting for 6% and 24% of total energy intake, respectively (random order). Insulin sensitivity and secretion were analyzed by the stable labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test and glucose and lipid kinetics using GCMS. Results: A fourfold increase in dietary fructose intake did not affect insulin sensitivity or secretion, glucose kinetics, lipolysis or glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Conclusions: In the short term, when energy intake is constant, dietary fructose per se is not a contributor to insulin resistance and hypersecretion in obese adolescents. C1 [Sunehag, Agneta L.; Bier, Dennis M.; Haymond, Morey W.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Toffolo, Gianna; Campioni, Marco] Univ Padua, Dept Elect & Informat, I-35100 Padua, Italy. RP Sunehag, AL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM asunehag@bcm.tmc.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-018X J9 J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET JI J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 225 EP 235 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics GA 292VV UT WOS:000255295100006 PM 18540249 ER PT J AU Pernek, M Hrasovec, B Matosevic, D Pilas, I Kirisits, T Moser, JC AF Pernek, Milan Hrasovec, Boris Matosevic, Dinka Pilas, Ivan Kirisits, Thomas Moser, John C. TI Phoretic mites of three bark beetles (Pityokteines spp.) on Silver fir SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Abies alba; acarina; scolytinae; forest pests ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; FLYING IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; TARSONEMUS-MITES; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CERATOCYSTIOPSIS; ASCOSPORES; LOUISIANA; ACARINA AB The species composition and abundance of phoretic mites of the bark beetles Pityokteines curvidens, P. spinidens, and P. vorontzowi on Silver fir (Abies alba) were investigated in 2003 at two locations (Trakoscan and Litoric) in Croatia. Stem sections and branches from A. alba trees infested by Pityokteines ssp. were collected and incubated in rearing cages. Bark beetles emerging from the stem sections and branches were examined for photetic mites. A total of ten mite species were documented for the first time as associates of Pityokteines spp. on A. alba. These included Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Ereynetes scutulis, Histiostoma piceae, Paraleius leontonychus, Pleuronectocelaeno japonica, Proctolaelaps hystricoides, Schizostethus simulatrix, Tarsonemus minimax, Trichouropoda lamellose, and Uroobovella ipidis. T. minimax was the most frequent phoretic mite of all the three scolytines and U. ipidis was also common, whereas, the other mite species occurred less frequently. The species spectrum and relative abundance of mite associates were similar for all three Pityokteines species. Another species, Pleuronectocelaeno barbara was commonly found phoretic on P. curvidens, captured in pheromone traps in 2005 at the location Litoric. Furthermore, two previously collected mite specimens from Switzerland, phoretic on P. curvidens, were identified as Nanacarus sp. and Bonomia sp. The records from Croatia and Switzerland in the present study increase the number of known mite associates of Pityokteines spp. from one previously documented species to 14 species. None of the phoretic mites found in the survey in Croatia appear to have the potential to be used for biological control of Pityokteines spp., although the feeding habits are unknown for many species recorded. C1 [Pernek, Milan; Matosevic, Dinka; Pilas, Ivan] Forest Res Inst, Jastrebarsko, Croatia. [Hrasovec, Boris] Univ Zagreb, Fac Forestry, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Kirisits, Thomas] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Forest Entomol Forest Pathol & Forest Protec, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Moser, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Pernek, M (reprint author), Forest Res Inst, Cvjetno Naselje 41, Jastrebarsko, Croatia. EM milanp@sumins.hr RI Hrasovec, Boris/C-2974-2013; OI Hrasovec, Boris/0000-0003-4172-4593; Matosevic, Dinka/0000-0001-7380-688X NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10340-007-0182-9 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 267RJ UT WOS:000253526600007 ER PT J AU Line, JE Bailey, JS Berrang, ME AF Line, J. E. Bailey, J. S. Berrang, M. E. TI Addition of sulfamethoxazole to selective media aids in the recovery of Campylobacter spp. from broiler rinses SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARCASS RINSES; ENUMERATION; POULTRY; JEJUNI; AGAR AB The association of Campylobacter spp. with raw poultry products has been well established. Campy-Line agar (CLA) is a recently developed selective culture medium that allows very few non-Campylobacter colonies to grow. The few contaminants able to grow on CLA from typical broiler chicken carcass rinses were identified and found to be sensitive to the antimicrobial agent sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The purpose of our experiment was to determine the influence of SMX on recovery of C. jejuni from broiler carcass rinse samples when added to Campy-Cefex agar or CLA. Cefex and CLA were prepared with and without the addition of 25 mg SMX/L media. Broiler carcass rinse samples (post-pick, n = 80 and post-chill, n = 80) were obtained from eight different commercial processors across the United States and were surface plated on the selective agars. Both Cefex and CLA with and without SMX recovered similar populations of Campylobacter; however, significantly fewer contaminants were observed on the Cefex with added SMX and the CLA with or without SMX compared to normal Cefex. The more selective CLA with SMX had no contaminants present from this sample type, which simplified enumeration. Addition of SMX should be considered for increasing selectivity of Campylobacter-specific media. C1 [Line, J. E.; Bailey, J. S.; Berrang, M. E.] USDA, Agr Res serv, Athens, GA USA. RP Line, JE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res serv, Athens, GA USA. EM eric.line@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2008.00111.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 269DU UT WOS:000253630500002 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR AF Teasdale, John R. TI Organic farming and conservation cannot coexist - Response SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 33A EP 33A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 266LB UT WOS:000253435600003 ER PT J AU Gross, CM Delgado, JT McKinney, SP Lal, H Cover, H Shaffer, MJ AF Gross, Christoph M. Delgado, Jorge T. McKinney, Shaun P. Lal, Harbans Cover, Harris Shaffer, Marvin J. TI Nitrogen Trading Tool to facilitate water quality credit trading SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Gross, Christoph M.] USDA NRCS, WNTSC, Natl Water Qual & Quant Technol Dev Team, Beltsville, MD USA. [Delgado, Jorge T.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [McKinney, Shaun P.; Lal, Harbans; Cover, Harris] USDA NRCS, WNTSC, Natl Water Qual & Quant Technol Dev Team Leader, Portland, OR USA. [Shaffer, Marvin J.] USDA ARS, Loveland, CO USA. RP Gross, CM (reprint author), USDA NRCS, WNTSC, Natl Water Qual & Quant Technol Dev Team, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 44A EP 45A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.2.44A PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 266LB UT WOS:000253435600010 ER PT J AU Norton, LD AF Norton, L. Darrell TI Gypsum soil amendment as a management practice in conservation tillage to improve water quality SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Norton, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 46A EP 48A DI 10.2489/63.2.46A PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 266LB UT WOS:000253435600011 ER PT J AU Lang, MW McCarty, GW Anderson, MC AF Lang, Megan W. McCarty, Greg W. Anderson, Martha C. TI Wetland hydrology at a watershed scale: Dynamic information for adaptive management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lang, Megan W.; McCarty, Greg W.; Anderson, Martha C.] USDA ARS, Remote Sensing Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lang, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 49A EP 49A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.2.49A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 266LB UT WOS:000253435600012 ER PT J AU Williams, JD AF Williams, J. D. TI Soil erosion from dryland winter wheat-fallow in a long-term residue and nutrient management experiment in north-central Oregon SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE cropping systems; erodibility; fallow; silt loam; soil loss; soil resource ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; ORGANIC-MATTER; SILT-LOAM; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF AB Soil property changes resulting from crop production practices are not often readily apparent after a few years or decades. The objective of the research reported here was to evaluate soil erodibility in treatments representing past and current cultural practices in a winter wheat-fallow field experiment established in 1931 near Pendleton, Oregon. Five treatments were evaluated: (1) fall burned residue, 0 kg N ha(-1) crop(-1) (no fertilizer); (2) spring burned residue, 0 kg N ha(-1) crop(-1) (no fertilizer); (3) spring burned residue, 90 kg N ha(-1) crop(-1) (80 lb N ac(-1) crop(-1)) commercial fertilizer; (4) residue not burned, 90 kg N ha(-1) crop(-1) commercial fertilizer; and (5) residue not burned, 111 kg N ha(-1) crop(-1) (99 lb N ac(-1) crop(-1)) from manure. All treatments were moldboard plowed with multiple subsequent passes with secondary tillage equipment. Weirs, stage recorders, and sediment samplers were used to collect data from January through March of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Grab samples (1 L [0.25 gal]) were collected to confirm digital stage data. Measured soil erosion progressively increased from plots with standing stubble (0.08 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) [10.04 t ac(-1) yr(-1)]) to plots in crop with manure and commercial fertilizer amendments with and without the crop residue burned (0.85 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) [0.38 t ac(-1) yr(-1)]), to plots in crop with crop residue burned and no fertilizer (3.30 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) [1.47 t ac(-1) yr(-1)]). These results provide direct evidence of the relationship between depleted soil quality and increasing erodibility and demonstrate the importance of maintaining nutrient levels in semiarid dryland soils. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR USA. RP Williams, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 266LB UT WOS:000253435600018 ER PT J AU Shields, FD AF Shields, F. D., Jr. TI Effects of a regional channel stabilization project on suspended sediment yield SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); channel incision; erosion control; sediment concentration; sediment yield; watershed ID WATER-QUALITY; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; CREEK AB Under legislation passed in 1984, three federal agencies constructed more than $300 million worth of channel erosion control measures in 16 watersheds in northern Mississippi between 1985 and 2003. Most work was completed between 1985 and 1995 and was confined to six larger watersheds. Flows of water and suspended sediment emanating from these watersheds were measured from 1986 until 1997 and for longer periods for two of these gages and one additional gage. Statistical analyses of flow-adjusted instantaneous measured concentration data failed to detect significant trends at six of the seven gages. A downward trend was noted for a watershed in which eight reservoirs were constructed. These results indicate that watershed-level effects of even large-scale erosion control measures are difficult to detect over 5 to 15 years. Evidently substantial reductions in sediment yields require changes in watershed hydrology that reduce runoff and peak flows or changes in channel bed slope. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.2.59 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 266LB UT WOS:000253435600019 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD AF Garbrecht, J. D. TI Multi-year precipitation variations and watershed sediment yietd in a CEAP benchmark watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); precipitation; runoff; sediment yield; soil erosion ID UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; FREQUENCY AB A case study was conducted on the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed in central Oklahoma to investigate impacts and implications of persistent multi-year precipitation variations on watershed runoff and sediment yield. Sediment yield was calculated from a sediment-discharge relationship representing 2004 to 2005 land use, agronomic practices, and conservation measures. Several persistent multi-year precipitation variations, called wet and dry periods, occurred in central Oklahoma between 1940 and 2005. The difference in mean annual precipitation between wet and dry periods was 33% of the long-term mean. As a result of nonlinear hydrologic linkages between precipitation, runoff and sediment yield, corresponding variations in watershed runoff and calculated sediment yield were comparatively larger. The difference in mean annual runoff between wet and dry periods was 100% of the long-term mean, and for mean annual calculated sediment yield it was 183% of the long-term mean. With regard to the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), the sensitivity of runoff and therefore of sediment yield to wet and dry periods suggests that measures of conservation program effectiveness depend on climatic conditions used in their evaluation and that great care should be taken to select a climate record representative of prevailing climate conditions. Furthermore, it was inferred that the calibration of simulation models used in the conservation effects assessment may be biased if performed with climatic data representing either just a wet or a dry period. In the presence of multi-year precipitation variations, a thorough model validation for both wet and dry periods is recommended to ensure accurate simulation results over the full range of prevailing climatic conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.2.70 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 266LB UT WOS:000253435600020 ER PT J AU Park, SY Murphy, SP Martin, CL Kolonel, LN AF Park, Song-Yi Murphy, Suzanne P. Martin, Carrie L. Kolonel, Laurence N. TI Nutrient intake from multivitamin/mineral supplements is similar among users from five ethnic groups: The Multiethnic Cohort Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; CANCER RISK; VITAMIN; DISEASE; ADULTS AB A multivitamin/mineral supplement is the most widely used type of dietary supplement among American adults. Therefore, accurate assessment of intake from this supplement is crucial when studying diet and chronic diseases. From 1999 to 2001, the Multiethnic Cohort Study collected detailed information on multivitamin/mineral use among five ethnic groups: African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites. Daily nutrient intakes from multivitamin/minerals were calculated using the nutrient composition specified on the product label. For reported supplements with insufficient detail to match to a specific product, default nutrient profiles were assigned. Multivitamin/mineral use was reported by 50% of the participants (38% for Native Hawaiians to 57% for whites). Default profiles were assigned for 38% of users. The median daily nutrient intakes from multivitamin/minerals among users (n=75,865) were well above the Recommended Daily Allowance or Adequate Intake for vitamins A, B-6, B-12, and E, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, folate, and zinc. Although nutrient intakes from multivitamin/minerals varied widely among individuals, there was no substantial difference in the median intake across ethnic groups. To accurately estimate nutrient intakes from multivitamin/minerals, detailed information on the product consumed should be collected. When detailed information is not available, the same default nutrient profiles can be used when estimating intakes for these five ethnic groups. C1 [Park, Song-Yi; Murphy, Suzanne P.; Martin, Carrie L.; Kolonel, Laurence N.] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Canc Epidemiol Program, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Martin, Carrie L.] USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Canc Epidemiol Program, 1236 Lauhala St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM spark@crch.hawaii.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R37 CA54281] NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 108 IS 3 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.12.011 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 270NN UT WOS:000253727600022 PM 18313435 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP Godinez-Azcuaga, VF Finlayson, RD Hanson, M AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. Godinez-Azcuaga, Valery F. Finlayson, Richard D. Hanson, Marjorie TI New acoustic methods for nondestructive evaluation of leather quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLY(LACTIC ACID); EMISSION; COMPOSITES AB Currently, there is no on-line test method to monitor the physical properties of semi-products such as wet blue or crust during the leather-making processes. Inferior leather semi-products, such as wet blue, cannot be downgraded earlier or removed before going through many expensive processes (including retanning, fatliquoring, dyeing, drying, staking, milling and finishing). Therefore, developing a nondestructive tester to perform on-line testing of the physical properties of semi-products is very desirable. Recently ARS transferred its knowledge gained over the years to Physical Acoustics Corporation (PAC) and collaborated with the leather industry in order to produce an on-line nondestructive acoustic emission tester. This paper discusses the activities performed by PAC, ARS, and the Seton Company during the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase I project "Acoustic Emission for the Characterization of Leather." The main objective of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using AE and Airborne UT to assess, characterize, and classify the quality level of various types of leather. The results obtained in this project show that it is feasible to use AE for the evaluation of leather quality during the manufacturing process. A newly designed AE system for the evaluation of leather quality is discussed in this paper. This system, which combines a handheld AE instrument with a rolling sensor probe, offers the potential for testing entire hides in the manufacturing plant. Data could be gathered from different sections of the hide, along different directions with respect to the backbone, and during different stages in the manufacturing process. Finally, we reported a simple method using a mechanical stopwatch as an acoustic wave source. Hits rate were collected when sound traveled though the leather samples. Results show a strong correlation between tensile strength and cumulative hits. C1 [Liu, Cheng-Kung; Latona, Nicholas P.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Godinez-Azcuaga, Valery F.; Finlayson, Richard D.] Phys Acoust Corp, Princeton, NJ 08550 USA. [Hanson, Marjorie] Seton Co, Leather Div, Saxton, PA 16635 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 103 IS 3 BP 94 EP 102 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 280SX UT WOS:000254447600002 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ Anyamba, A Tucker, CJ Pak, EW AF Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Anyamba, Assaf Tucker, Compton J. Pak, Edwin W. CA Mosquito Surveillance Team TI Long-term surveillance data and patterns of invasion by Aedes albopictus in Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; Florida; geographic information system (GIS); mosquito-borne virus; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ID UNITED-STATES; AEGYPTI; AFRICA; SPREAD; VECTOR; COUNTY; FIELD AB We used geographic information system (GIS) and long-term mosquito surveillance data from Lake, Pasco, Manatee, and Sarasota Counties, FL, to look at patterns of invasion by Aedes albopictus and concurrent changes in resident Ae. aegypti. We investigated environmental factors associated with population changes in these species with the use of satellite climate data. Aedes aegypti densities attenuated rapidly following the arrival of Ae. albopictus in most counties, yet both species persisted in equilibrium in Manatee County. We discuss the relative importance of rainfall, habitat, and proximity to urban areas in the population dynamics of these species in sympatry. C1 [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Tucker, Compton J.; Pak, Edwin W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mosquito Surveillance Team] Manatee Cty Mosquito Control Dist, Palmetto, FL 34220 USA. [Mosquito Surveillance Team] Lake Cty Mosquito & Aquat Plant Management, Tavares, FL 32778 USA. [Mosquito Surveillance Team] Pasco Cty Mosquito Control Dist, Odessa, FL 33556 USA. [Mosquito Surveillance Team] Sarasota Cty Mosquito Control Dist, Sarasota, FL 34233 USA. RP Britch, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.2987/5594.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 280FH UT WOS:000254410300020 PM 18437824 ER PT J AU Holser, RA AF Holser, Ronald A. TI Kinetics of cinnamoyl glycerol formation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE co-products; synthesis; ester; reaction rates ID ESTERS; SUNSCREENS; FILTERS; OIL AB The esterifications of glycerol with cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, and 4-methoxy cinnamic acid were investigated in batch reactions. Conversions of over 50% were achieved for cinnamic acid and 4-methoxy cinnamic acid within 8 h. After 24 h, conversions of over 80% were obtained for cinnamic acid and 4-methoxy cinnamic acid. Conversions of 33 and 40% were observed for 2-methoxy cinnamic acid after 8 and 24 h, respectively. These reactions were modeled by a system of sequential first-order rate expressions. Kinetic parameters were estimated from experimental data fit to the model equations. C1 USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ronald.Holser@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1189-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 265YR UT WOS:000253398400004 ER PT J AU Davis, JP Dean, LO Faircloth, WH Sanders, TH AF Davis, J. P. Dean, L. O. Faircloth, W. H. Sanders, T. H. TI Physical and chemical characterizations of normal and high-oleic oils from nine commercial cultivars of peanut SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE density; high-oleic; oil density; oil viscosity; peanut; peanut oil; rheology; viscosity; vegetable oil ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; VEGETABLE-OILS; VISCOSITY; STABILITY; RHEOLOGY; DENSITY; ESTERS AB Density and viscosity data as a function of temperature (5-100 degrees C) were collected for oils (normal and high-oleic) from nine cultivars of peanut. Density decreased linearly (R-2 >= 0.99) with increasing temperature for all oils, whereas viscosity (dynamic or kinematic) decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. At any particular temperature, dynamic viscosity increased linearly (R-2 >= 0.95) with decreasing oil density among the various oils. Slopes of the linear fits (with units of kinematic viscosity) for dynamic viscosity versus density plots decreased in an exponential fashion as the measurement temperature decreased. High-oleic oils had both the lowest densities and highest viscosities, with viscosity differences being most apparent at cooler temperatures. Increasing contents of oleic acid, decreasing contents of linoleic acid, and decreasing contents of palmitic acid were each associated with decreased density and increased viscosity among the oils. Two of the three high-oleic oils had the significantly (p < 0.05) highest content of total tocopherols, while the other high-oleic oil was statistically grouped with the oils having the 2nd highest total tocopherol content. This suggests a link between increased total tocopherols and high-oleic peanut oils; however, no obvious linear correlations were observed in tocopherol content and oil physical properties (density or viscosity). C1 [Davis, J. P.; Dean, L. O.; Sanders, T. H.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Mkt Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, J. P.; Dean, L. O.; Sanders, T. H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Faircloth, W. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Mkt Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jack.davis@ars.usda.gov RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1190-x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 265YR UT WOS:000253398400006 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Nunez, A Solaiman, DKY AF Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Nunez, Alberto Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Structured estolides: Control of length and sequence SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydroxy fatty acids; estolides; sophorolipids; oligoesters; glycerol ID FATTY-ACIDS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ESTERS; ESTERIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; MECHANISM AB Using ester-forming reactions such as carbodiimide coupling and a modified Yamaguchi symmetrical anhydride method, a variety of estolides based on 17-hydroxy oleic and 17-hydroxy stearic acid have been prepared. These hydroxy fatty acids are produced in good yields from hydrolysis of sophorolipids, which are in turn derived from fermentation of fats and oils. Since the estolides are formed one unit, or ester bond, at a time, their length and sequence can be precisely controlled. The key to this control is the use of protecting groups at either the carboxylic or hydroxy end of the starting hydroxy fatty acids. Two mono-protected dimers, for example, when combined in a fragment-condensation approach, give a tetramer with no "contamination" from estolides of other lengths. This methodology opens the way to functionalized estolides, and several variants were prepared: hybrid estolides, containing non-fatty acid moieties such as amino acids; polymerizable estolides, containing a norbornene unit; and non-linear estolides that extend from a branched core such as glycerol or pentaerythritol. With the benzoyl chloride-mediated symmetrical anhydride method, yields for individual coupling steps ranged from 75 to 93%. C1 [Zerkowski, Jonathan A.; Nunez, Alberto; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zerkowski, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jonathan.zerkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1185-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 265YR UT WOS:000253398400011 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ AF Xu, Jingyuan Liu, Zengshe Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Viscoelastic properties of a biological hydrogel produced from soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodegradable material; hydrogel; rheology; soybean oil; viscoelastic properties AB Hydrogels formed from biopolymers or natural sources have special advantages because they may have biodegradable and biocompatible properties. The viscoelastic properties of a newly developed biological hydrogel made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) were investigated. The material called HPESO is a hydrolytic product of polymerized ESO (PESO). HPESO exhibited viscoelastic solid or gel behavior above 2% (wt. %) concentration at room temperature and viscous liquid behavior at 55 degrees C. The thermal assembly disassembly reassembly function of the HPESO hydrogel was completely reversible. The viscoelastic properties of HPESO were dependent on concentration. Analysis of modulus and concentration dependence and stress relaxation measurement indicated that HPESO was a physical gel where the cross-linkers between the molecules were physical junctions. HPESO hydrogel also exhibited fast initial recovery of its viscoelastic properties after being subjected to mechanical shear disruption. The function and behavior of the HPESO hydrogel suggest that this biomaterial may be suitable for applications in drug delivery and scaffolds of bioengineering and tissue engineering. C1 [Xu, Jingyuan; Liu, Zengshe; Erhan, Sevim Z.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Xu, JY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM james.xu@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1193-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 265YR UT WOS:000253398400012 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Liu, YB AF Hayes, Ryan J. Liu, Yong-Biao TI Genetic variation for shelf-life of salad-cut lettuce in modified-atmosphere environments SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ICEBERG LETTUCE; STORAGE LIFE; QUALITY; ROMAINE AB Packaged salad-cut lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) for food service and salad mixes is an increasingly important component of the lettuce industry. The product is highly perishable; cold storage and modified-atmosphere (MA) packaging are used to extend its shelf life. Given the importance of this market, lettuce cultivars, breeding lines, and populations should be selected for increased shelf life in MA environments. The objectives of this research were to determine the genetic variation in lettuce for shelf life in low-O-2 MA environments and to develop rapid evaluation methods suitable for a lettuce breeding program. Lettuce was processed from field-grown plants of 33 romaine and three crisphead cultivars over 2 years. Shelf life was evaluated after storage in MA bags and in CO2-free controlled-atmosphere (CA) chambers with gas ratios of 0.2% O-2:99.8% N-2, 1.0% O-2:99.0% N-2, or 5.0% O-2:95.0% N-2 center dot Deteriorated leaf blade tissue was water soaked and wilted with a dull to dark or black color, and midrib tissue and heart leaves were water soaked with a translucent to dark brown color. Genetic variation for shelf life was detected using MA bags or CA chambers, and the results from both years and testing methods were significantly correlated. Oxygen concentration did not affect shelf life in the CA chamber experiment, which indicated that the observed symptoms in the majority of cultivars were probably not from low O-2 damage or CO2 injury, although multiple mechanisms of deterioration may be involved. Selection for lettuce cultivars, breeding lines, and populations with extended shelf life is possible using MA bags or CA chamber testing methods and could facilitate a consistent release of germplasm with stable shelf life in MA environments. C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.; Liu, Yong-Biao] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rhayes@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 133 IS 2 BP 228 EP 233 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 279QR UT WOS:000254370200009 ER PT J AU Borrone, JW Olano, CT Kuhn, DN Brown, JS Schnell, RJ Violi, HA AF Borrone, James W. Olano, Cecile T. Kuhn, David N. Brown, J. Steven Schnell, Raymond J. Violi, Helen A. TI Outcrossing in Florida avocados as measured using microsatellite markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PATERNITY INFERENCE; ISOZYME ANALYSIS; GENETIC-MARKERS; FUERTE AVOCADO; HASS AVOCADO; FRUIT; GROWTH; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; ABSCISSION AB Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) possesses a unique flowering mechanism, thought to promote out-crossing, in which the male and female parts of the perfect Rower function at different time periods. Cultivars are classified as Flowering Type A, where flowers are functionally female the morning of one day and functionally male the afternoon of the next day, or Flowering Type B, where flowers are functionally female in the afternoon and functionally male the next morning. Avocado growers typically interplant cultivars of opposite flowering types to maximize yield. Recently, it has been hypothesized that 90% to 95% of avocado flowers are self-pollinated in southern Florida. However, this hypothesis does not address whether mature, marketable avocado fruit in Florida are the result of outcrossing. To determine whether avocado fruit in southern Florida result from self-pollination or outcrossing, fruit were harvested from a commercial orchard in Miami-Dade County, Florida, from a block consisting of two cultivars, Simmonds (Flowering Type A) and Tonnage (Flowering Type B), interplanted in approximately equal numbers. Seeds were germinated and the resulting progeny were genotyped using eight fully informative, microsatellite markers. Seventy-four percent of the 'Simmonds' progeny and 96% of the 'Tonnage' progeny were judged to be the result of cross-pollination, with an estimated overall outcrossing rate of 63% to 85% within this particular block of the orchard. Seedlings judged to be the result of cross-pollinations between 'Simmonds' and 'Tonnage' are being maintained at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station and are being evaluated for segregation of important agronomic and horticultural traits. C1 [Borrone, James W.; Olano, Cecile T.; Kuhn, David N.; Brown, J. Steven; Schnell, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Violi, Helen A.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Plant Pathol, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Ray.Schnell@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 133 IS 2 BP 255 EP 261 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 279QR UT WOS:000254370200013 ER PT J AU Behera, TK Gaikward, AB Singh, AK Staub, JE AF Behera, Tusar K. Gaikward, Ambika B. Singh, Anand K. Staub, Jack E. TI Relative efficiency of DNA markers (RAPD, ISSR and AFLP) in detecting genetic diversity of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE markers; germplasm curation; bitter melon; diversity ID ACCESSIONS; MELON; RFLP AB BACKGROUND: Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is an important vegetable crop in tropical countries, including China and India. A wide range of genetic diversity exists in India with respect to fruit morphology such as colour, size and exocarp. A diversity assessment conducted using different DNA marker systems amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers) will be helpful in the establishment of a broad-based description for improved germplasm curation and the identification of germplasm for genome mapping and breeding of bitter gourd. RESULTS: Genetic relationships between 38 bitter gourd accessions were determined with the aid of 29 RAPD, 15 ISSR and six AFLP markers. Greater polymorphism was detected by AFLPs when compared with RAPD and ISSR analyses using the same germplasm array (RAPD 36.5%, ISSR 74.5% and AFLP 78.5% polymorphism). The average marker index (MI) values derived from the three different marker systems differed dramatically, indicating that they vary in their discriminatory power (AFLP > ISSR > RAPD). The AFLP markers used were only weakly correlated with ISSR (r(2)=0.007) and RAPD (r(2)=0.04) marker analyses, whereas a comparatively high correlation (r(2)=0.77) was found between RAPD and ISSR marker systems. CONCLUSION: The studies using RAPD and ISSR markers were not able to uniquely discriminate all the bitter gourd accessions examined, whereas AFLP analysis was discriminatory and allowed for a more complete dissection of unique differences among accessions of bitter gourd within and between collection sites. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Behera, Tusar K.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, New Delhi 110012, India. [Behera, Tusar K.; Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gaikward, Ambika B.] Natl Bur Plant Genet Resources, Natl Res Ctr DNA Fingerprinting, New Delhi 110012, India. [Singh, Anand K.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Fruits & Hort Technol, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Behera, TK (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, New Delhi 110012, India. EM tusar@rediffmail.com NR 24 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 733 EP 737 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3145 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 270QS UT WOS:000253735900023 ER PT J AU Deb, M Anderson, JM AF Deb, Mahua Anderson, Joseph M. TI Development of a multiplexed PCR detection method for Barley and Cereal yellow dwarf viruses, Wheat spindle streak virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE wheat viruses; Barley yellow dwarf virus; Cereal yellow dwarf virus; Wheat streak mosaic virus; Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus; Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus; multiplex PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RT-PCR; COLOURIMETRIC DETECTION; PLANT-VIRUSES; PAV; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; PRIMERS; ROUTINE AB Barley and Cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDVs), Wheat spindle streak mosaic (WSSMV), Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) constitute the most economically important group of wheat viruses. In this paper, a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (M-RT-PCR) method was developed for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of eight viruses: five strains of B/CYDVs, WSSMV, SBWMV and WSMV. The protocol uses specific primer sets for each virus producing five distinct fragments 295, 175, 400, 237, and 365 bp, indicating the presence of two strains of BYDVs, -PAV, -MAV, CYDV-RPV and two unassigned Luteoviridae BYDV-SGV and -RMV, respectively. This system also readily detected WSSMV, SBWMV and WSMV specific amplicons at 154,219 and 193 bp, respectively. The amplification specificity of these primers was tested against a range of field samples from different parts of United States. The protocol also utilizes fluorescently tagged primers that can streamline the detection of each virus through capillary electrophoresis. This study fulfills the need for a rapid and specific wheat virus diagnostic tool that also has the potential for investigating the epidemiology of these viral diseases. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Joseph M.] Crop Prod & Pest Control Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Deb, Mahua] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), Crop Prod & Pest Control Res, USDA, Agr Res Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Joe.Anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2008 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.10.015 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 284QI UT WOS:000254720500003 PM 18063125 ER PT J AU Mao, W Niikura, M Silva, RF Cheng, HH AF Mao, Weifeng Niikura, Masahiro Silva, Robert F. Cheng, Hans H. TI Quantitative evaluation of viral fitness due to a single nucleotide polymorphism in the Marek's disease virus UL41 gene via an in vitro competition assay SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; fitness; pyrosequencing; virion host shutoff gene; polymorphism ID HOST SHUTOFF PROTEIN; PRIMARY INFECTION; MESSENGER-RNAS; 5' LEADER; TYPE-1; MUTANTS; POLYPEPTIDE; DEGRADATION; CHROMOSOME; VIRULENCE AB Marek's disease, a T cell lymphoma, is an economically important disease of poultry caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly cell-associated alphaherpesvirus. A greater understanding of viral gene function and the contribution of sequence variation to virulence should facilitate efforts to control Marek's disease in chickens. To characterize a naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; AY510475:g. 108,206C > T) in the MDV UL41 gene that results in a missense mutation (AAS01683:p.Arg377Cys), bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-defived MDVs that differed only in the UL41 SNP were evaluated using a head-to-head competition assay in vitro. Monitoring the frequency of each SNP by pyrosequencing during virus passage determined the ratio of each viral genome in a single monolayer, which is a very sensitive method to monitor viral fitness. MDV with the UL41*Cys allele showed enhanced fitness in vitro. To evaluate the mechanism of altered viral fitness caused by this SNP, the virion-associated host shutoff (vhs) activity of both UL41 alleles was determined. The UL41*Cys allele had no vhs activity, which suggests that enhanced fitness in vitro for MDV with inactive vhs was due to reduced degradation of viral transcripts. The in vitro competition assay should be applicable to other MDV genes and mutations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mao, Weifeng; Niikura, Masahiro; Silva, Robert F.; Cheng, Hans H.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Mao, Weifeng] Michigan State Univ, Genet Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Niikura, Masahiro] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2008 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.10.024 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 284QI UT WOS:000254720500017 PM 18082901 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Matchett, MR Toombs, TP Cully, JF Johnson, TL Sidle, JG AF Augustine, David J. Matchett, Marc R. Toombs, Theodore P. Cully, Jack F., Jr. Johnson, Tammi L. Sidle, John G. TI Spatiotemporal dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog colonies affected by plague SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance processes; grassland; grazing; great plains; mixed-grass prairie; semi-arid rangeland; shortgrass steppe ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; BISON; VEGETATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS AB Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are a key component of the disturbance regime in semi-arid grasslands of central North America. Many studies have compared community and ecosystem characteristics on prairie dog colonies to grasslands without prairie dogs, but little is known about landscape-scale patterns of disturbance that prairie dog colony complexes may impose on grasslands over long time periods. We examined spatiotemporal dynamics in two prairie dog colony complexes in southeastern Colorado (Comanche) and northcentral Montana (Phillips County) that have been strongly influenced by plague, and compared them to a complex unaffected by plague in northwestern Nebraska (Oglala). Both plague-affected complexes exhibited substantial spatiotemporal variability in the area occupied during a decade, in contrast to the stability of colonies in the Oglala complex. However, the plague-affected complexes differed in spatial patterns of colony movement. Colonies in the Comanche complex in shortgrass steppe shifted locations over a decade. Only 10% of the area occupied in 1995 was still occupied by prairie dogs in 2006. In 2005 and 2006 respectively, 74 and 83% of the total area of the Comanche complex occurred in locations that were not occupied in 1995, and only 1% of the complex was occupied continuously over a decade. In contrast, prairie dogs in the Phillips County complex in mixed-grass prairie and sagebrush steppe primarily recolonized previously occupied areas after plague-induced colony declines. In Phillips County, 62% of the area occupied in 1993 was also occupied by prairie dogs in 2004, and 12% of the complex was occupied continuously over a decade. Our results indicate that plague accelerates spatiotemporal movement of prairie dog colonies, and have significant implications for landscape-scale effects of prairie dog disturbance on grassland composition and productivity. These findings highlight the need to combine landscape-scale measures of habitat suitability with long-term measures of colony locations to understand the role of plague-affected prairie dogs as a grassland disturbance process. C1 [Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Matchett, Marc R.] USFWS Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lewiston, MT 59457 USA. [Toombs, Theodore P.] Environm Def, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, USGS BRD Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Johnson, Tammi L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Sidle, John G.] USDA, Forest Serv, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.Augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9175-6 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 275ZY UT WOS:000254112100002 ER PT J AU Perez-Verdin, G Lee, ME Chavez, DJ AF Perez-Verdin, Gustavo Lee, Martha E. Chavez, Deborah J. TI Planning forest recreation in natural protected areas of southern Durango, Mexico SO MADERA Y BOSQUES LA Spanish DT Article DE forest recreation; recreation opportunity spectrum; michilia biosphere reserve; El Tecuan Recreational Park; planning frameworks; recreation resources inventory ID OUTDOOR RECREATION; MANAGEMENT AB This research investigated the usefulness of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) for managing forest recreation in two natural protected areas of southern Durango, Mexico. We used on-site interviews to document the recreation activities visitors participated in, the characteristics of their preferred recreation sites, and socio-demographic information. A cluster analysis identified visitor groups based on the characteristics of preferred recreation sites and the resulting clusters were compared to the recreation activities and socio-demographic data to create a typology of visitors. We used the ROS framework to identify three classes in each natural protected area including (1) zones with easy access and basic facilities (ROS rural class), (2) natural-appearing zones with few facilities (ROS roaded class), and (3) reserve zones (ROS semiprimitive non-motorized or primitive class). Overall, the ROS framework appears to fit appropriately in these two case studies and could be used for recreation planning purposes in other forest areas of the country. C1 [Perez-Verdin, Gustavo] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Lee, Martha E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Chavez, Deborah J.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Perez-Verdin, G (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM gperez@cfr.msstate.edu; Martha.Lee@nau.edu; dchavez@fs.fed.us RI Perez-Verdin, Gustavo/A-4248-2011 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU INST ECOLOGIA A C PI XALAPA PA KM 2 5 CARR ANT A COATEPEC NO 351, CONGREGACION EL HAYA, XALAPA, VER 00000, MEXICO SN 1405-0471 J9 MADERA BOSQUES JI Madera Bosques PD SPR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 330FI UT WOS:000257924800005 ER PT J AU Wiklund, E Finstad, G Johansson, L Aguiar, G Bechtel, PJ AF Wiklund, E. Finstad, G. Johansson, L. Aguiar, G. Bechtel, P. J. TI Carcass composition and yield of Alaskan reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) steers and effects of electrical stimulation applied during field slaughter on meat quality SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE meat quality; low voltage stimulation; carcass composition; shear force; trained sensory panel; consumer test ID RED DEER; COLOR STABILITY; BODY GROWTH; ULTIMATE PH; BEEF; TENDERNESS; MUSCLE; FALLOW; STAGS; LAMB AB Twenty six adult reindeer steers (>3 years old) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on the quality of hot-boned, rapidly frozen shoulder meat and of the striploin (M. longissimus, LD) from carcasses held at +3 degrees C for 48 h. Carcass yield and composition was determined from the left carcass half from which the shoulder meat was not removed. The shoulder meat was processed frozen into cubed, sliced or ground products. Proximate composition of the LD, meat color and water-holding capacity were very similar for the ES (n = 15) and non-electrical stimulation (NES; n = 11) groups. Ultimate pH and shear force values were significantly lower in the ES meat (LD), however a trained sensory panel could not detect differences between the two groups in any of the measured sensory attributes. Consumer preference tests demonstrated that ES increased tenderness in the cubed and sliced products made from field slaughtered reindeer shoulder meat. ES in combination with hot boning and processing of boneless frozen meat can be used in field slaughter systems for reindeer to improve meat quality and to increase the potential value of the carcass. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiklund, E.] AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Finstad, G.; Aguiar, G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Reindeer Res Program, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bechtel, P. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wiklund, E (reprint author), AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Res Ctr, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. EM eva.wiklund@agresearch.co.nz NR 55 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.06.004 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 260RN UT WOS:000253028000005 PM 22062269 ER PT J AU Pikosky, MA Smith, TJ Grediagin, A Castaneda-Sceppa, C Byerley, L Glickman, EL Young, AJ AF Pikosky, Matthew A. Smith, Tracey J. Grediagin, Ann Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Byerley, Lauri Glickman, Ellen L. Young, Andrew J. TI Increased protein maintains nitrogen balance during exercise-induced energy deficit SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE protein metabolism; protein intake; negative energy balance; stable isotopes ID DIETARY-PROTEIN; BODY-COMPOSITION; ADULT WOMEN; WEIGHT-LOSS; WHOLE-BODY; YOUNG MEN; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; LEUCINE; PROTEOLYSIS AB Purpose: This study examined how a high-protein diet affected nitrogen balance and protein turnover during an exercise-induced energy deficit. Methods: Twenty-two men completed a 4-d (D1-4) baseline period (BL) of an energy balance diet while maintaining usual physical activity level, followed by 7d(D5-11)of 1000 kcal.d(-1) increased energy expenditure via exercise (50-65% VO2peak). One group consumed 0.9 g of protein per kilogram per day and maintained energy balance throughout the 11-d intervention (BAL, N = 8). The other two groups consumed their BL energy intake throughout the I I days, resulting in a 7-d, 1000-kcal.d(-1) energy deficit. These groups consumed either 0.9 g of protein per kilogram per day (DEF, N = 7) or 1.8 g of protein per kilogram per day (DEF-HP, N = 7). Mean nitrogen balance (NB), calculated per kilogram of fat-free mass (FFM), was determined for BL, days 5-8 (EX1), and days 9-11 (EX2). Whole-body protein turnover was derived from phenylalanine and tyrosine kinetics assessed while fasting at rest on days 4, 7, and 12, using a priming dose of L-[ring-N-15]tyrosine and a 4-h, primed, continuous infusion of L-[N-15]phenylalanine and L-[ring-H-2(4)]tyrosine. Results: DEF experienced a decrease in NB from BL to EX 1 that was maintained in EX 2. No changes in NB occurred for BAL or DEF-HP over time. No within- or between-group differences were found over time for Phe flux (Q(p)), conversion rate of Phe to Tyr (Q(pt)), or the derived protein synthesis value (S-p). Conclusion: Increased dietary protein maintained NB during exercise-induced energy deficit, but this did not impact resting whole-body protein turnover. C1 [Pikosky, Matthew A.; Smith, Tracey J.; Grediagin, Ann; Glickman, Ellen L.; Young, Andrew J.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Military Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Byerley, Lauri] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Young, AJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Military Nutr Div, Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Andrew.j.young@us.army.mil NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815f6643 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 264LV UT WOS:000253289700016 PM 18379214 ER PT J AU Douris, A Fedorka-Cray, PJ Jackson, CR AF Douris, Aphrodite Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Jackson, Charlene R. TI Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Agona slaughter isolates from the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-Enteric Bacteria (NARMS): 1997 through 2003 SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE LA English DT Article ID NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; SEROTYPES; HUMANS; CATTLE; TURKEY; INFECTION; PATTERNS; POULTRY; FOOD; US AB A total of 499 Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolates from cattle, swine, chicken, and turkey samples were assayed for anti-microbial susceptibility and subtyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella Agona isolates exhibited increased resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol, and a single isolate was resistant to ceftriaxone. Multiple drug resistance (MDR; resistance >= 2 antimicrobials) was exhibited in 57% (n = 282/499) of the Salmonella Agona isolates and 22% (n = 111/499) of these Salmonella Agona isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. PFGE patterns of 482 Salmonella Agona slaughter samples resulted in 165 unique patterns. Cluster analysis indicated that isolates indistinguishable by PFGE appeared to group according to antimicrobial resistance profiles. These data suggest that Salmonella Agona is increasing in prevalence in U.S. cattle presented for slaughter and should be further monitored. C1 [Douris, Aphrodite; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.; Jackson, Charlene R.] USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM paula.cray@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1089/mdr.2008.0787 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 286UG UT WOS:000254870900009 PM 18321206 ER PT J AU Jensen, T Nutt, KJ Seal, BS Fernandes, LB Durrant, B AF Jensen, Thomas Nutt, Karen J. Seal, Bruce S. Fernandes, Luiza B. Durrant, Barbara TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the North Island brown kiwi, Apteryx mantelli SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE apteryx mantelli; brown kiwi; microsatellites; PIMA method ID NEW-ZEALAND; DNA; PCR AB We report the isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic and five monomorphic microsatellites in North Island brown kiwi (NIBK, Apteryx mantelli), using two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques employing either short-tandem repeat primers (STR method) or random PCR-based isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA method). Microsatellite polymorphism was subsequently determined using 65 individuals. There were two to seven alleles for each polymorphic locus with heterozygozity ranging between 0.04 and 0.86. These primers will be used in future studies to determine the level of extra-pair copulation, dispersal patterns, and genetic diversity within and between wild populations of NIBK. C1 [Jensen, Thomas; Durrant, Barbara] Zool Soc San Diego, Conservat & Res Endangered Species, San Diego, CA USA. [Nutt, Karen J.] Univ Waikato, Dept Biol Sci, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Nutt, Karen J.; Fernandes, Luiza B.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Seal, Bruce S.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Jensen, T (reprint author), Zool Soc San Diego, Conservat & Res Endangered Species, San Diego, CA USA. EM tjensen@sandiegozoo.org NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 399 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01970.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271ZN UT WOS:000253827300038 PM 21585802 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Sumerford, DV Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Coates, Brad S. Hellmich, Richard L. Sumerford, Douglas V. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Insecta : Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE European corn borer; microsatellites; molecular markers; Ostrinia furnacalis; Ostrinia nubilalis; population genetics AB Few useful microsatellites are available for population studies of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). An enrichment strategy was used to develop microsatellite markers for O. nubilalis, and over 500 positive clones were isolated. Seventy-five contained unique microsatellites, 10 of which were polymorphic with discernable polymerase chain reaction products. The 10 loci were surveyed for variability in 72 wild individuals from central Iowa. Five loci showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg proportions, and all were successfully cross-amplified in the related Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis. These loci represent a significant addition to microsatellites appropriate for population studies of O. nubilalis. C1 [Kim, Kyung Seok; Coates, Brad S.; Hellmich, Richard L.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.sappington@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01974.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271ZN UT WOS:000253827300041 PM 21585805 ER PT J AU Piaggio, AJ Johnston, JJ Perkins, SL AF Piaggio, Antoinette J. Johnston, John J. Perkins, Susan L. TI Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera : Phylostomidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Desmodus rotundus; microsatellite; rabies; vampire bat AB The common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) is one of three haematophagous species of bats and the only species in this genus. These New World bats prey on mammals and create significant economic impacts through transmission of rabies in areas where livestock are prevalent. Furthermore, in some portions of their range, it is not uncommon for them to prey upon humans. It is critical to the management of this species and for understanding the spread of bat rabies that detailed studies of D. rotundus population structure be conducted. To further such studies, we have characterized 12 microsatellite loci for this species. C1 [Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Johnston, John J.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Genet Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Perkins, Susan L.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Genet Lab, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM toni.j.piaggio@aphis.usda.gov OI Perkins, Susan/0000-0002-5400-5662 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 440 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01986.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271ZN UT WOS:000253827300051 PM 21585815 ER PT J AU Linzer, RE Otrosina, WJ Gonthier, P Bruhn, J Laflamme, G Bussieres, G Garbelotto, M AF Linzer, R. E. Otrosina, W. J. Gonthier, P. Bruhn, J. Laflamme, G. Bussieres, G. Garbelotto, M. TI Inferences on the phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Heterobasidion annosum, including evidence of interspecific horizontal genetic transfer and of human-mediated, long-range dispersal SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE basidiomycota; biogeography; Eurasia; North America; intersterility group; median-joining network; Pinus; phylogeny; phylogeography ID PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES RECOGNITION; INTERSTERILITY GROUPS; BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MODEL EUKARYOTE; NORTH-AMERICA; PINE STANDS; SPECIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SEQUENCES AB Fungi in the basidiomycete species complex Heterobasidion annosum are significant root-rot pathogens of conifers throughout the northern hemisphere. We utilize a multilocus phylogenetic approach to examine hypotheses regarding the evolution and divergence of two Heterobasidion taxa associated with pines: the Eurasian H. annosum sensu stricto and the North American H. annosum P intersterility group (ISG). Using DNA sequence information from portions of two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci, we infer phylogenetic relationships via parsimony.. Bayesian and median-joining network analysis. Analysis of isolates representative of the entire known geographic range of the two taxa results in monophyletic sister Eurasian and North American lineages, with North America further subdivided into eastern and western clades. Genetically anomalous isolates from the Italian presidential estate of Castelporziano are always part of a North American clade and group with eastern North America, upholding the hypothesis of recent, anthropogenically mediated dispersal. P ISG isolates from Mexico have phylogenetic affinity with both eastern and western North America. Results for an insertion in the mitochondrial rDNA suggest this molecule was obtained from the Heterobasidion S ISG, a taxon sympatric with the P ISG in western North America. These data are compatible with an eastern Eurasian origin of the species, followed by dispersal of two sister taxa into western Eurasia and into eastern North America over a Beringean land bridge, a pattern echoed in the phylogeography of other conifer-associated basidiomycetes. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Linzer, R. E.; Garbelotto, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Otrosina, W. J.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gonthier, P.] Univ Turin, Dept Exploitat & Protect Agr & Forestry Resources, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy. [Bruhn, J.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Laflamme, G.] Canadian Forest Serv, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Bussieres, G.] Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Fac Foresterie & Geomat, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Garbelotto, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 137 Mulford Hall,3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM matteo@nature.berkeley.edu NR 67 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 844 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.12.010 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 291XH UT WOS:000255230100004 PM 18243021 ER PT J AU Coram, TE Wang, MN Chen, XM AF Coram, Tristan E. Wang, Meinan Chen, Xianming TI Transcriptome analysis of the wheat - Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici interaction SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; OXIDATIVE BURST; STRIPE RUST; DISEASE RESISTANCE; POWDERY MILDEW; INFECTION; DEFENSE AB Stripe rust [caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks. (Pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Genetic resistance is the preferred method for control and the Yr5 gene, originally identified in Triticum spelta var. album, represents a major resistance (R) gene that confers all-stage resistance to all currently known races of Pst in the United States. To identify transcripts associated with the Yr5-mediated incompatible interaction and the yr5-compatible interaction, the Wheat GeneChip was used to profile the changes occurring in wheat isolines that differed for the presence of the Yr5 gene after inoculation with Pst. This time-course study (6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-inoculation) identified 115 transcripts that were induced during the R-gene-mediated incompatible interaction, and 73 induced during the compatible interaction. Fifty-four transcripts were induced in both interactions and were considered as basal defence transcripts, whilst 61 transcripts were specific to the incompatible interaction [hypersensitive response (HR)-specific transcripts] and 19 were specific to the compatible interaction (biotrophic interaction- specific transcripts). The temporal pattern of transcript accumulation showed a peak at 24 h after infection that may reflect haustorial penetration by Pst at similar to 16 h. An additional 12 constitutive transcript differences were attributed to the presence of Yr5 after eliminating those considered as incomplete isogenicity. Annotation of the induced transcripts revealed that the presence of Yr5 resulted in a rapid and amplified resistance response involving signalling pathways and defence-related transcripts known to occur during R-gene-mediated responses, including protein kinase signalling and the production of reactive oxygen species leading to a hypersensitive response. Basal defence also involved substantial induction of many defence-related transcripts but the lack of R-gene signalling resulted in weaker response. C1 [Coram, Tristan E.; Chen, Xianming] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Coram, Tristan E.; Wang, Meinan; Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Coram, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM tcoram@mail.wsu.edu RI Coram, Tristan/C-1069-2008; Coram, Tristan/E-8744-2010; WANG, Meinan/P-5671-2014 OI WANG, Meinan/0000-0001-9595-3995 NR 43 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2007.00453.X PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 267AZ UT WOS:000253481900004 PM 18705849 ER PT J AU Bluhm, BH Kim, H Butchko, RAE Woloshuk, CP AF Bluhm, B. H. . Kim, H. Butchko, R. A. E. Woloshuk, C. P. TI Involvement of ZFR1 of Fusarium verticillioides in kernel colonization and the regulation of FST1, a putative sugar transporter gene required for fumonisin biosynthesis on maize kernels SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-1 PRODUCTION; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; NORMALIZATION; SYNTHASE AB Fumonisins comprise a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides during colonization of maize kernels. In previous work, we identified ZFR1, which is predicted to encode a Zn(II) 2Cys6 zinc finger transcription factor required for fumonisin B-1 (FB1) production during growth on kernels. In this study, we characterized the role of ZFR1 in colonizing maize kernels and inducing FB1 biosynthesis. The ZFR1 deletion strain (Delta zfr1) grew approximately 2.5-fold less than the wild-type on endosperm tissue and a variety of other carbon sources, including glucose and amylopectin. However, the Delta zfr1 strain displayed higher alpha-amylase activity and expression of genes involved in starch saccharification than the wild-type, thus indicating that the reduced growth of the Delta zfr1 strain was not due to inhibition of amylolytic enzymes. In the wild-type strain, expression of six genes encoding putative sugar transporters was significantly greater on endosperm tissue than on germ tissue, and expression of at least three of the six genes was negatively affected by disruption of ZFR1. Intriguingly, disruption of FST1 had no effect on growth, kernel colonization or kernel pH but decreased FB1 production by approximately 82% on maize kernels. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that ZFR1 controls FB1 biosynthesis by regulating genes involved in the perception or uptake of carbohydrates. C1 [Kim, H.; Woloshuk, C. P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bluhm, B. H. .] USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Butchko, R. A. E.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Woloshuk, CP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM woloshuk@purdue.edu NR 28 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2007.00458.X PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 267AZ UT WOS:000253481900007 PM 18705852 ER PT J AU Blomberg, LA Schreier, LL Talbot, NC AF Blomberg, Le Ann Schreier, Lori L. Talbot, Neil C. TI Expression analysis of pluripotency factors in the undifferentiated porcine inner cell mass and epiblast during in vitro culture SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE epiblast; inner cell mass; pluripotency; embryonic stem cell; trophectoderm ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; SELF-RENEWAL; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; PIG BLASTOCYST; ES CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; 8-DAY EPIBLAST; RETINOIC ACID; MOUSE EMBRYO AB Limited understanding of the importance of known pluripotency factors in pig embryonic stem cells (ESC) impedes the establishment and validation of porcine ESC lines. This study evaluated the expression of known mouse ESC and human ESC (hESC) pluripotency markers in in vivo inner cell mass (ICM) and in vitro-cultured undifferentiated porcine epiblast cells isolated from 8-day porcine blastocysts, primary cultures of epiblast-derived neuroprogenitor cells, and endoderm cells. The expression profile of common pluripotency markers (POU domain 5 transcript factor 1, SRY-box containing gene 2, and Nanog homeobox), species-specific markers, ESC-associated factors, and differentiation markers was evaluated. The mRNA of uncultured ICMs, cultured epiblast cells, epiblast-derived neuroprogenitor cells, and endoderm cells was amplified prior to expression analysis of candidate genes by real-time RT-PCR. ESC factors whose expression correlated best with the undifferentiated epiblast state were identified by comparative mRNA expression analysis between porcine epiblast-derived somatic cell lines, fetal fibroblasts, and adult tissues. Across tissue types Nanog homeobox exhibited ubiquitous expression, whereas POU domain 5 transcript factor 1, teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1, and RNA exonuclease homolog 1 transcript expression was restricted primarily to undifferentiated epiblasts. Our results suggested that expression of pluripotency markers in undifferentiated pig epiblast cells more closely resembled that observed in hESC. Expression alterations of ESC-associated factors in epiblast cells were also observed during in vitro culture. Our data demonstrate the potential use of some pluripotency factors as markers of porcine epiblast stem cells and indicate that the in vitro environment may influence the cultured epiblast's developmental state. C1 [Blomberg, Le Ann; Schreier, Lori L.; Talbot, Neil C.] USDA, ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 200,Rm 101A,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lblombergc@anri.barc.usda.gov; ntalbot@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 64 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 75 IS 3 BP 450 EP 463 DI 10.1002/mrd.20780 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 260SZ UT WOS:000253032000003 PM 17680630 ER PT J AU Petrisko, JE Pearl, CA Pilliod, DS Sheridan, PP Williams, CF Peterson, CR Bury, RB AF Petrisko, Jill E. Pearl, Christopher A. Pilliod, David S. Sheridan, Peter P. Williams, Charles F. Peterson, Charles R. Bury, R. Bruce TI Saprolegniaceae identified on amphibian eggs throughout the Pacific Northwest, USA, by internal transcribed spacer sequences and phylogenetic analysis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Achlya; amphibian decline; egg; lake; Leplolegnia; oomycete; Saprolegnia ferax; S. semihypogyna ID AQUATIC FUNGI; WATER MOLD; DNA; SAPROLEGNIOMYCETIDAE; PHYTOPHTHORA; PARASITICA; MORTALITY; EVOLUTION; PATHOGEN; TAXONOMY AB We assessed the diversity and phylogeny of Saprolegniaceae on amphibian eggs from the Pacific Northwest, with particular focus on Saprolegnia ferax, a species implicated in high egg mortality. We identified isolates from eggs of six amphibians with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S gene regions and BLAST of the GenBank database. We identified 68 sequences as Saprolegniaceae and 43 sequences as true fungi front at least nine genera. Our phylogenetic analysis of the Saprolegniaceae included isolates within the genera Saprolegnia, Achlya and Leplolegnia. Our phylogeny grouped S. semihypogyna with Achlya rather than with the Saprolegnia reference sequences. We found only one isolate that grouped closely with S. ferax, and this came from a hatchery raised salmon (Idaho) that we sampled opportunistically. We had representatives of 7-12 species and three genera of Saprolegniaceae on our amphibian eggs. Further work on the ecological roles of different species of Saprolegniaceae is needed to clarify their potential importance in amphibian egg mortality and potential links to population declines. C1 [Petrisko, Jill E.; Sheridan, Peter P.; Williams, Charles F.; Peterson, Charles R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Pearl, Christopher A.; Bury, R. Bruce] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Petrisko, JE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 1776 Sci Ctr Dr,Suite 205, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM petrisko@uidaho.edu NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.3852/mycologia.100.2.171 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 311XA UT WOS:000256632500001 PM 18592894 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW AF Peterson, Stephen W. TI Phylogenetic analysis of Aspergillus species using DNA sequences from four loci SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus brevijanus comb. nov.; beta tubulin; calmodulin; concordance analysis; Dichotomomyces; RNA polymerase II; Talaromyces; Thermoascus; Trichocomaceae ID NEOSARTORYA-PSEUDOFISCHERI; MODEL EUKARYOTE; AFLATOXIN B-1; RECOGNITION; NEUROSPORA; FUMIGATUS; GRAPES; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; IDENTIFICATION; INFERENCE AB DNA sequences were determined for beta tubulin (BT2), calmodulin (CF), ITS and lsu rDNA (ID) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) from ca. 460 Aspergillus isolates. RPB2 and rDNA sequences were combined and analyzed to determine relationships in the genus and in the family Trichocomaceae. Eupenicillium species form a statistically supported clade with origins among the Aspergillus clades. A. crystallinus, A. malodoratus and H. paradoxus are members of the Eupenicillium clade. A. zonatus, A. clavatoflvus and W. spinulosa occur in a clade along with Hamigera sp. Other than these exceptional species, Aspergillus species and sections occur on three strongly supported clades that descend from a polytomy. Section Versicolores as a monophyletic group includes only A. versicolor and A. sydowii and is superfluous. The other sections were retained but modified. All four loci were used in genealogical concordance analysis of species boundaries. Fennellia flavipes and F. nivea are not conspecific with their supposed anamorphs A. flavipes and A. nivea. Synonymies were found for some species and more than 20 undescribed taxa were identified in genealogical concordance analysis. Newly discovered taxa will be described elsewhere. Possibly paralogous gene fragments were amplified with the BT2 primers in sections Nidulantes, Usti and Nigri. Use of nonhomologous sequences in genealogical concordance analysis could lead to false conclusions and so BT2 sequences were not used in analysis of those sections. C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stephen.peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 192 Z9 205 U1 6 U2 32 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 205 EP 226 DI 10.3852/mycologia.100.2.205 PG 22 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 311XA UT WOS:000256632500004 PM 18595197 ER PT J AU Browning, M Englander, L Tooley, PW Berner, D AF Browning, Marsha Englander, Larry Tooley, Paul W. Berner, Dana TI Survival of Phytophthora ramorum hyphae after exposure to temperature extremes and various SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE mycelium; sudden oak death; vegetative ID SOIL-MOISTURE; INFECTION; SPORULATION; RHODODENDRON; CALIFORNIA; CINNAMOMI; PERSISTENCE; NICOTIANAE; TOLERANCE; INFESTANS AB We examined the effect of short-term exposure to high and low temperatures and a range of relative humidity (RH) on survival of Phylophthora ramorum hyphae. Spore-free hyphal colonies were grown on dialysis squares atop V8 medium. Colonies were transferred to water agar plates positioned at 27.5-50 C on a thermal gradient plate and incubated 2.5-480 min. For low temperature trials colonies were transferred to vials of distilled water and incubated in a water bath at -5 to -25 C for 1-24 h. In the relative humidity trials hyphal colonies were transferred to sealed humidity chambers containing various concentrations of glycerin for 1-8 h. Relative humidity was 41-93% at 20 C and 43-86% at 28 C. Sur-viva] in all trials was characterized by growth from dialysis squares into V8 medium. Temperatures of 37.5-40 C were lethal to P. ramorum hyphae within several hours, and temperatures of 42.5-50 C were lethal within minutes. Exposure to 32.5 and 35 C resulted in reduced survival over 8 h, while 30 C had no effect on three of four isolates. Hyphal colonies demonstrated considerable tolerance to cold, with all isolates surviving a 24 h exposure to -5 C. Survival diminished over time at lower temperatures, however a few colonies survived 24 h exposure to -25 C. Temperature also affected the ability of hyphal colonies to withstand reduced humidity. A RH of 41-43% was lethal in 2 h at 28 C compared to 8 h at 20 C. Three of four isolates were unaffected by an 8 h exposure to 81 and 95% RH at 20 C, and 73 and 86% RH at 28 C. Isolate differences were apparent in tolerance to freezing temperatures and reduced humidity. From these results it is apparent that the cold temperatures found in the northeastern USA are not likely to prevent the establishment of P. ramorum. There is also the potential for hyphae, and presumably spores, to survive periods of high humidity on the leaf surface in the absence of free water. C1 [Tooley, Paul W.; Berner, Dana] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Browning, Marsha; Englander, Larry] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.3852/mycologia.100.2.236 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 311XA UT WOS:000256632500006 PM 18592898 ER PT J AU Hawkins, LK Windham, GL Williams, WP AF Hawkins, Leigh K. Windham, Gary L. Williams, W. Paul TI Occurrence of aflatoxin in three maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids over 5 years in Northern Mississippi SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; environment; maize ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; GERMPLASM LINE; CORN GRAIN; ACCUMULATION; REGISTRATION; INFECTION; CONTAMINATION; RESISTANCE; MYCOTOXINS; FIELD AB Aflatoxins are produced as secondary metabolites under conducive climatic conditions by Aspergillus flavus. The incidence of aflatoxin varies with environmental conditions, genotype, and location. An expanded understanding of the interaction of the plant, fungus, and weather conditions is needed to further elucidate the field infection process of maize by A. flavus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. One of the problems in evaluating maize hybrids for resistance to kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination is identifying a time period and environmental conditions that are most advantageous. Three maize genotypes (Pioneer Brand 3223, Mo18W x Mp313E, and Mp313E x Mp420) were evaluated from 1998 to 2002 in response to A. flavus inoculation and aflatoxin contamination and weather conditions favorable for aflatoxin contamination were identified. The highest aflatoxin levels were observed in 1998 and 2000 (1186 and 901 ng g(-1); P < 0.0001); while the lowest levels were detected in 1999 (39 ng g(-1)). Pioneer 3223 had significantly higher levels (1198 ng g(-1)) than Mp313E x Mp420 (205 ng g(-1)), and Mo18W x Mp313E (161 ng g(-1); P < 0.0001). The hybrids had six weather-related variables in common that were positively correlated with aflatoxin accumulation. Four of these occurred during 65-85 days after planting and were temperature-related. These results suggest that regardless of the hybrid's maturity or physiological development, the time from 65 to 85 days after planting may be indicative of a period of stress which leads to greater aflatoxin accumulation at harvest. C1 [Hawkins, Leigh K.; Windham, Gary L.; Williams, W. Paul] USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Hawkins, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Lhawkins@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 165 IS 3 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s11046-007-9064-1 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 276AK UT WOS:000254113300007 PM 17922303 ER PT J AU Van Tassell, CP Smith, TPL Matukumalli, LK Taylor, JF Schnabel, RD Lawley, CT Haudenschild, CD Moore, SS Warren, WC Sonstegard, TS AF Van Tassell, Curtis P. Smith, Timothy P. L. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Taylor, Jeremy F. Schnabel, Robert D. Lawley, Cynthia Taylor Haudenschild, Christian D. Moore, Stephen S. Warren, Wesley C. Sonstegard, Tad S. TI SNP discovery and allele frequency estimation by deep sequencing of reduced representation libraries SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LOCUS; MAPS AB High-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays have revolutionized the ability of genome-wide association studies to detect genomic regions harboring sequence variants that affect complex traits. Extensive numbers of validated SNPs with known allele frequencies are essential to construct genotyping assays with broad utility. We describe an economical, efficient, single-step method for SNP discovery, validation and characterization that uses deep sequencing of reduced representation libraries (RRLs) from specified target populations. Using nearly 50 million sequences generated on an Illumina Genome Analyzer from DNA of 66 cattle representing three populations, we identified 62,042 putative SNPs and predicted their allele frequencies. Genotype data for these 66 individuals validated 92% of 23,357 selected genome-wide SNPs, with a genotypic and sequence allele frequency correlation of r = 0.67. This approach for simultaneous de novo discovery of high-quality SNPs and population characterization of allele frequencies may be applied to any species with at least a partially sequenced genome. C1 [Van Tassell, Curtis P.; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Sonstegard, Tad S.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, Timothy P. L.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Taylor, Jeremy F.; Schnabel, Robert D.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lawley, Cynthia Taylor; Haudenschild, Christian D.] Illumina Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. [Moore, Stephen S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [Warren, Wesley C.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Van Tassell, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM curt.vantassell@ars.usda.gov RI Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013; OI Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 16 TC 320 Z9 327 U1 10 U2 67 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD MAR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1038/NMETH.1185 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 271GW UT WOS:000253777900018 PM 18297082 ER PT J AU Vizard, TN O'Keeffe, GW Gutierrez, H Kos, CH Riccardi, D Davies, AM AF Vizard, Thomas N. O'Keeffe, Gerard W. Gutierrez, Humberto Kos, Claudine H. Riccardi, Daniela Davies, Alun M. TI Regulation of axonal and dendritic growth by the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; CA2+-SENSING RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; NEURONS; RAT; HYPERCALCEMIA; SIGNALS; CA2+; NGF; HOMEOSTASIS AB The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) monitors the systemic, extracellular, free ionized-calcium level ([Ca2(+)](0)) in organs involved in systemic [Ca2+](0) homeostasis. However, CaSR is also expressed in the nervous system, where its role is unknown. We found large amounts of CaSR in perinatal mouse sympathetic neurons when their axons were innervating and branching extensively in their targets. Manipulating CaSR function in these neurons by varying [Ca2+](0), using CaSR agonists and antagonists, or expressing a dominant-negative CaSR markedly affected neurite growth in vitro. Sympathetic neurons lacking CaSR had smaller neurite arbors in vitro, and sympathetic innervation density was reduced in CaSR-deficient mice in vivo. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons, which also express CaSR, had smaller dendrites when transfected with dominant-negative CaSR in postnatal organotypic cultures. Our findings reveal a crucial role for CaSR in regulating the growth of neural processes in the peripheral and central nervous systems. C1 [Vizard, Thomas N.; O'Keeffe, Gerard W.; Gutierrez, Humberto; Riccardi, Daniela; Davies, Alun M.] Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3US, S Glam, Wales. [Kos, Claudine H.] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcenogenesis Lab, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Riccardi, D (reprint author), Sch Biosci, Biomed Bldg,Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3US, S Glam, Wales. EM riccardi@cf.ac.uk; daviesalun@cf.ac.uk RI Riccardi, Daniela/A-4674-2010; Davies, Alun/A-4334-2010; OI Riccardi, Daniela/0000-0002-7322-3163; Davies, Alun/0000-0001-5841-8176; O'keeffe, Gerard/0000-0001-5149-0933; Gutierrez, Humberto/0000-0002-5021-8636 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Wellcome Trust [, 071251] NR 33 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1097-6256 J9 NAT NEUROSCI JI Nat. Neurosci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1038/nn2044 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 267ZS UT WOS:000253548300011 PM 18223649 ER PT J AU Potter, KM Dvorak, WS Crane, BS Hipkins, VD Jetton, RM Whittier, WA Rhea, R AF Potter, K. M. Dvorak, W. S. Crane, B. S. Hipkins, V. D. Jetton, R. M. Whittier, W. A. Rhea, R. TI Allozyme variation and recent evolutionary history of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the southeastern United States SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; gene conservation; migration; threatened species; allozyme ID SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; FINITE POPULATION; HEADWATER STREAMS; ICE AGES; CONSEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; DISTANCE AB Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) is a widespread and ecologically important conifer species of eastern North America that is threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), a pest introduced into the United States from Asia in the 1920s. Information about the genetic composition of eastern hemlock is necessary to guide ex situ conservation efforts in the southeastern United States, where the species is expected to harbor relatively high amounts of genetic variation in areas of Pleistocene glacial refuge. Nineteen allozyme markers were used to quantify the genetic variation present in 20 eastern hemlock populations in the southeastern United States. Results indicate that the species has low levels of genetic diversity in the region compared to most other conifers, but greater population differentiation (F-ST = 0.126). Populations along the eastern periphery and in the Appalachian interior exhibited higher levels of diversity than those along the western periphery of its geographic range. The results suggest that the glacial refuge area for eastern hemlock was likely located east of the southern Appalachian Mountains, and indicate that ex situ conservation seed collections should be concentrated in these areas of higher diversity. C1 [Potter, K. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dvorak, W. S.; Jetton, R. M.; Whittier, W. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Crane, B. S.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Hipkins, V. D.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Natl Forest Genet Electrophoresis Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Rhea, R.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Potter, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kpotter@ncsu.edu OI Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s11056-007-9067-2 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 257AD UT WOS:000252770100003 ER PT J AU Ritchie, MW Hamann, JD AF Ritchie, Martin W. Hamann, Jeff D. TI Individual-tree height-, diameter- and crown-width increment equations for young Douglas-fir plantations SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE growth modeling; competing vegetation; shrub growth; 3SLS; 2SLS ID VEGETATION MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; GROWTH-MODELS; SAPLINGS; SYSTEM; REGRESSIONS; CONIFERS; TESTS AB This work presents the results from the initial model development of a simulator to predict vegetation dynamics in young plantations growing in a Mediterranean environment. The simulator can predict growth dynamics for coniferous crop trees as well as competing hardwoods and shrubs. Model specification included conifer, shrub, and hardwood competition expressed at the plot-level. The system employs water-holding capacity as an indicator of productivity. Growth data were obtained from 109 plantations, ranging in age from 3 to 25, in southern Oregon and northern California. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco), the most common conifer species, was observed in 80 of the sampled stands. These observations were used for model development of the primary driving functions, which forecast 2-year basal diameter increment, height increment, and crown width increment. Parameters for all three dynamic expressions for growth were estimated using weighted, nonlinear three-stage least squares. This estimation method provided a predictive model with slight improvements in standard errors for two of the three equations (an average of 3% for height and diameter growth) and no improvement for crown width, when compared with two-stage least squares. The system includes competition from shrubs and hardwoods in predictions of height growth, diameter growth and crown width increment. This allows individual-tree/distance-independent simulator architecture to be extended to young plantations in southern Oregon and northern California. C1 [Ritchie, Martin W.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Hamann, Jeff D.] Forest Informat Inc, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Ritchie, MW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mritchie@fs.fed.us; jeff.hamann@forestinformatics.com NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s11056-007-9070-7 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 257AD UT WOS:000252770100006 ER PT J AU Steiner, KC Finley, JC Gould, PJ Fei, SL McDill, M AF Steiner, Kim C. Finley, James C. Gould, Peter J. Fei, Songlin McDill, Marc TI Oak regeneration guidelines for the central Appalachians SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE ook; Quercus; regeneration; silviculture; guidelines ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; HARDWOOD REGENERATION; RED OAK; INTERFERENCE; SEEDLINGS; FORESTS; STANDS; MAPLE; FERN AB This article presents the first explicit guidelines for regenerating oaks in the central Appalachians. The objectives of this paper are (I) to describe the research foundation on which the guidelines are based and (2) to provide users with the instructions, data collection forms, supplementary tables, and decision charts needed to apply the guidelines in the field. The principal research foundation for the guidelines is a set of quantitative models that estimate, in advance of harvest, a stand's potential to regenerate oak stocking from advance regeneration and stump sprouts. Regeneration potential is measured by the predicted stocking by oak species, expressed as a percentage of full (100%) stocking, in the new stand in its third decade (21-30 years) after overstory removal. An understory classification system is used in conjunction with the models to help identify potential barriers to regeneration development. Model results and other data on current stand conditions are used in the decision charts to identify prescriptions for achieving a strong component of oak regeneration after stand harvest. Overstory removals are recommended when the stand's oak regeneration potential is adequate to meet management goals. Otherwise, prescriptions designed to enhance seedling-origin oak regeneration potential are recommended. C1 [Steiner, Kim C.; Finley, James C.; McDill, Marc] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gould, Peter J.] US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Fei, Songlin] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Steiner, KC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kcs@psu.eda; fj4@psu.edu; pgould@fs.fed.us; songlin.fei@uky.edu; mem14@psu.edu OI Fei, Songlin/0000-0003-2772-0166 NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 269QJ UT WOS:000253663700002 ER PT J AU Kromroy, KW Juzwik, J Castillo, P Hansen, MH AF Kromroy, Kathryn W. Juzwik, Jennifer Castillo, Paul Hansen, Mark H. TI Using forest service forest inventory and analysis data to estimate regional oak decline and oak mortality SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Quercus spp.; forest inventory and analysis; oak decline; oak mortality ID GROWTH AB Damage and mortality data are collected as part of the US Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) ongoing assessments of the nation's timberlands. The usefulness and value of FIA tree data in assessing historical levels of oak decline and oak mortality were investigated for seven Midwestern states. The data were collected during two periodic inventories conducted between the early 1970s and the mid-1990s. One-tenth to one-third of the oak trees had decline-associated damage in a given inventory, but no trends over time were apparent across the states. The percentages of dead trees ranged from less than I to I I across all inventories and states; mortality was higher in the late inventory than the early inventory for all states. This is the first reported attempt to quantify oak decline across the Midwestern Region and it was accomplished using FIA tree data. The major concerns of the approach used are the subjective nature of the damage codes used to tabulate declining oaks and the inconsistencies and inherent subjectivities in the FIA recorded codes. The major drawback for non-FIA researchers is the time required to understand the intricacies of the FIA system. C1 [Kromroy, Kathryn W.] Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Juzwik, Jennifer; Hansen, Mark H.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Castillo, Paul] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Mt Pleasant, MI 48804 USA. RP Kromroy, KW (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Agr, 625 Robert St N, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM Kathryn.Kromroy@state.too.us; jjuzwik@fs.fed.us; pcastillo01@fs.fed.us; mhansen01@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 269QJ UT WOS:000253663700003 ER PT J AU Ponder, F AF Ponder, Felix, Jr. TI Nine-year response of hardwood understory to organic matter removal and soil compaction SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE soil disturbance; artificial regeneration; species diversity; forest floor ID NORTHERN HARDWOODS; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; FOREST AB The effects of three levels of organic matter removal (OMR) and three levels of soil compaction (SO on the development of understory vegetation in a central hardwood forest were evaluated 9 years after treatments were applied as part of a national program of long-term soil productivity research. The three levels of biomass removal (OMR) were removal of merchantable boles only (OMO), removal of the whole tree (OM1), and removal of the whole tree plus forest floor (OM2). The three levels of soil compaction (SO were none (0), medium ((2), and severe ((2). Weeds were controlled in all plots for the first 2 years. Understory vegetation within 81 7.9-m(2) subplots was inventoried by species and quantified into plant groups of woody (trees, shrubs, and woody vines) and herbaceous (annuals, perennials, and grasses) at year 5 (after 3 years of no weed control) and year 9 (after 7 years of no weed control). Vegetation was analyzed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (0), and magnesium (Mg). OMR did not significantly affect the overall number of plants over the 5-year measurement period, but there were differences for both woody vines and grasses, which were highest in the OMO treatment in 1999, but by 2003, they were not different. There were no differences in plant numbers among plant groups for SC in the 1999 measurement period between treatments for any plant group, but there were significantly fewer trees and woody vines in the (2 treatments than in the CO or Cl treatments in 2003; the opposite was true for herbaceous annuals, which were highest in C1 and C2 treatments. Over the 5-year measurement period, only the height of woody vines was significantly affected by OMR, but S( significantly affected the height of all plant groups over the 5-year measurement period. Annually, however, trees were tallest in the OMO and CO treatment than in OM2 and C2 treatments. The annual height of other plants, excluding trees, was affected only I year of 5 by OMR. Fewer trees and shorter frees in the severe compaction treatment suggest that, in the short term, soil productivity has been affected on the site. C1 Lincoln Univ, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 208 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. EM fponder@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 269QJ UT WOS:000253663700004 ER PT J AU Miller, GW Groves, AT Gottschalk, KW Baumgras, JE AF Miller, Gary W. Groves, Aaron T. Gottschalk, Kurt W. Baumgras, John E. TI Accuracy of tree grade projections for five Appalachian hardwood species SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE tree quality; thinning; silviculture; defect; epicormic branches; wood value ID DYNAMICS AB The potential value increase of individual trees is an important factor in planning effective forest management strategies. Similar to other investments, trees with high potential value increase are retained and allowed to grow, and those with relatively low potential value increase are harvested so that the proceeds may earn a higher rate of return elsewhere. Tree grade is used to assess the quality and value of wood within a tree; thus, projecting tree grade is an integral part of estimating potential value increase. This study measured the accuracy of projected tree grades over a period of 12-15 years for 588 black cherry, 404 northern red oak, 167 red maple, 191 white and chestnut oaks, and 450 yellow-poplar sawtimber trees in both thinned and unthinned stands. Projected grade was based on surface defects and percent volume deductions for sweep, crook, and rot at the time of the projection with the assumption that the threshold dbh for the highest possible grade would be reached in the future. This approach allows the forest manager to make grade projections based on what is visible and measurable on the tree, even if the tree is currently too small to qualify for higher grades. In general, grade projections were somewhat accurate, with 9% of trees higher than the projected grade, 80% projected correctly, and 11% lower than the projected grade. Trees that had a lower-than-projected grade usually exhibited additional deductions for percent cull volume and/or new epicormic branches. Grade projections were less accurate for larger, higher-quality trees because requirements for the top grade are more constraining and sensitive to changes in butt log characteristics than lower grades. For black cherry and northern red oak, grade projections in thinned stands were less accurate compared with unthinned stands because of resulting logging wounds or new epicormic branches. C1 [Miller, Gary W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Baumgras, John E.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Groves, Aaron T.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. RP Miller, GW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM gwmiller@fs.fed.us; atgraves@gw.dec.state.ny.us; kgottschalk@fs.fed.us; jbautngras@aol.com NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 269QJ UT WOS:000253663700007 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, JF Peffer, RD O'Connell, MA AF Lehmkuhl, John F. Peffer, Roger D. O'Connell, Margaret A. TI Riparian and upland small mammals on the east slope of the cascade range, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN OREGON; FORESTS; ABUNDANCE; FIRE; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; STANDS AB Differences in small mammal diversity and abundance between riparian and upland areas have not been consistently shown in the Pacific Northwest, and the issue is expected to be complex along the east slope of the Cascade Range with its complex biogeography and forest landscape structure. The information is important for evaluating buffer zone management and the potential impacts of fuel reduction projects. We quantified small mammal species' abundances, diversity, and indicator species in riparian and upland forest along three third-order streams. Each location had a set of four 5 x 6 pitfall kill-trapping grids with 15 m spacing and the first grid row 5 m from the water. One site had an additional set of four grids. We trapped for two weeks during late June and early July during 1997 and 1998 for a total trap effort of 13,411 trap nights. We captured 1,104 individuals of 14 species. Insectivores were 69% and rodents 31% of the captures. Sorex trowbridgii was the most abundant species (54% of all captures). Peromyscus keeni and P. maniculatus combined dominated the rodent community with 43% of rodent captures. Species richness and individuals captured generally were highest within 20-35 m of the stream. Sorex palustris, P. keeni, Microtus longicaudus, S. vagrans, and Zapus princeps showed strong affinities to the immediate riparian zone (<= 5 m from the stream). No species were indicators or most abundant in the upland forest away from the riparian areas. Refuge and corridor functions for small mammals in riparian areas would be maintained by current buffer-width standards of 60-100 m. C1 [Lehmkuhl, John F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Peffer, Roger D.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [O'Connell, Margaret A.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [O'Connell, Margaret A.] Eastern Washington Univ, Turnball Lab Ecol Studies, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM jlehmkuhl@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 94 EP 107 DI 10.3955/0029-344X-82.2.94 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300VN UT WOS:000255853400002 ER PT J AU Harrod, RJ Fonda, RW McGrath, MK AF Harrod, Richy J. Fonda, Richard W. McGrath, Mara K. TI Vegetation response to thinning and burning in a ponderosa pine forest, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; TREE MORTALITY; NEEDLES; GROWTH; OREGON; STAND AB We evaluated, over nine years, the effects of thinning and burning on vegetation response in a ponderosa pine/pinegrass forest. Ponderosa pine forests in the eastern Cascade Mountains of Washington support dense, stands in which crown fires are probable, owing to post-settlement sheep grazing (increased tree seedling establishment), logging, and fire exclusion. In 1991, the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest began to apply long-term management techniques to mitigate post-settlement changes in ponderosa pine forests. We used a randomized complete block design with a linear regression component to analyze post-fire responses of the vegetation. Thinning and burning had little effect on the canopy layer of ponderosa pine, western larch, and Douglas-fir, but small grand fir trees, and nearly half of the saplings of all species, were killed. Shrubs in the middle forest layer were top-killed, but resprouted during the first post-fire growing season, and increased dramatically after 3 yr and 9 yr. Frequency and cover maintained or increased for species in the lower forest layer in post-fire years 1, 3, and 9. The thinning and fire treatments reduced the middle layer of small trees and shrubs in the first post-fire year, but by the third and ninth post-fire years tree seedlings, especially grand fir and ponderosa pine, and small shrubs were abundant in the understory. Thinning trees and removing excess fuels, coupled with low intensity fall prescribed bums, offers a promising management strategy for restoring the pre-settlement structure of the ponderosa pine/pinegrass community in Beehive Forest. C1 [Harrod, Richy J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Okanogan Wenatchee Natl Forest, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Fonda, Richard W.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [McGrath, Mara K.] Ecol Land Serv Inc, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Harrod, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Okanogan Wenatchee Natl Forest, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM rharrod@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.3955/0029-344X-82.2.141 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300VN UT WOS:000255853400006 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Kachman, SD Knops, JMN Thies, JE Wortmann, CS AF Tarkalson, David D. Kachman, Stephen D. Knops, Johannes M. N. Thies, Janice E. Wortmann, Charles S. TI Decomposition of Bt and non-Bt corn hybrid residues in the field SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE decomposition; Bt; corn; biomass; biomass fraction; lignin; soluble; cellulose; hemicellulose ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SOIL; TOXIN; LIGNIN; PLANTS; COMMUNITIES; PROTEINS; BIOMASS; MAIZE; CROPS AB Results of a previous laboratory study indicated that six transgenic crops expressing the Cry1Ab insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) decomposed at a slower rate than their respective non-Bt isolines. Consequently, litter decomposition rates, nitrogen cycling, and carbon pools may change in agricultural systems as the result of the widespread use of Bt crops. In this study, we assessed the decomposition rates and chemical composition of commonly grown hybrids of Bt and non-Bt isolines of corn (Zea mays L.) in the field. Leaves, stalks, and cobs from two Bt corn hybrids (Pioneer 34N44 Bt and NC+ 4990 Bt) and their non-Bt isolines (Pioneer 34N43 and NC+ 4880) were analyzed for biomass fractions (soluble, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) and total C and N content. Litterbags containing these residues were buried at a depth of 10 cm in a Holdrege silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiustolls) soil and recovered 5, 11, 17, and 23 months after placement in the field. There were no differences in the rates of decomposition and mass of C remaining over time between the Bt and non-Bt corn residues. Plant parts differed in decomposition rates where leaves > stalks > cobs. There were differences in total C, total N, biomass fractions, and C:N ratios between initial Bt and non-Bt corn residues, and between companies (NC+ and Pioneer), however, these differences did not result in differences in their rates of decomposition or mass of C remaining over time. For each plant part, there were no differences in lignin content between the Bt and non-Bt residues. These data suggest that the Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids used in this study should not cause differences in carbon sequestration when their residues decompose under similar environmental conditions. C1 [Tarkalson, David D.] USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Kachman, Stephen D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE USA. [Knops, Johannes M. N.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Thies, Janice E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Wortmann, Charles S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM davidt@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov RI Thies, Janice/A-5074-2014; OI Kachman, Stephen/0000-0003-0506-513X NR 30 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 80 IS 3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s10705-007-9135-1 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 267SK UT WOS:000253529300002 ER PT J AU Hao, GY Hoffmann, WA Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Meinzer, FC Franco, AC Cao, KF Goldstein, G AF Hao, Guang-You Hoffmann, William A. Scholz, Fabian G. Bucci, Sandra J. Meinzer, Frederick C. Franco, Augusto C. Cao, Kun-Fang Goldstein, Guillermo TI Stem and leaf hydraulics of congeneric tree species from adjacent tropical savanna and forest ecosystems SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE plant water relations; embolism; vulnerability; phylogenetic inertia ID BRAZILIAN CERRADO; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; WATER RELATIONS; GROWTH ANALYSIS; WOODY-PLANTS; WHOLE-PLANT; SOIL-WATER; ARCHITECTURE; XYLEM; CONDUCTANCE AB Leaf and stem functional traits related to plant water relations were studied for six congeneric species pairs, each composed of one tree species typical of savanna habitats and another typical of adjacent forest habitats, to determine whether there were intrinsic differences in plant hydraulics between these two functional types. Only individuals growing in savanna habitats were studied. Most stem traits, including wood density, the xylem water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity, sapwood area specific conductivity, and leaf area specific conductivity did not differ significantly between savanna and forest species. However, maximum leaf hydraulic conductance (K(leaf)) and leaf capacitance tended to be higher in savanna species. Predawn leaf water potential and leaf mass per area were also higher in savanna species in all congeneric pairs. Hydraulic vulnerability curves of stems and leaves indicated that leaves were more vulnerable to drought-induced cavitation than terminal branches regardless of genus. The midday K(leaf) values estimated from leaf vulnerability curves were very low implying that daily embolism repair may occur in leaves. An electric circuit analog model predicted that, compared to forest species, savanna species took longer for their leaf water potentials to drop from predawn values to values corresponding to 50% loss of K(leaf) or to the turgor loss points, suggesting that savanna species were more buffered from changes in leaf water potential. The results of this study suggest that the relative success of savanna over forest species in savanna is related in part to their ability to cope with drought, which is determined more by leaf than by stem hydraulic traits. Variation among genera accounted for a large proportion of the total variance in most traits, which indicates that, despite different selective pressures in savanna and forest habitats, phylogeny has a stronger effect than habitat in determining most hydraulic traits. C1 [Hao, Guang-You; Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hao, Guang-You; Cao, Kun-Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla 666303, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Hoffmann, William A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Dept Biol, CONICET, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Franco, Augusto C.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Funct, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM goldstein@bio.miami.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Cao, Kun-Fang/D-2157-2009; Hoffmann, William/E-8894-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Cao, Kun-Fang/0000-0002-2253-7189; Hoffmann, William/0000-0002-1926-823X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 47 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0918-5 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277TV UT WOS:000254238500001 PM 18049826 ER PT J AU Olson, D Andow, D AF Olson, D. Andow, D. TI Patch edges and insect populations SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE agroecosystems; boundaries; edge effects; patchiness ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; HYMENOPTERA; DIVERSITY; PREY; AGROECOSYSTEMS; FRAGMENTATION; COLEOPTERA; PARASITISM AB Responses of insect populations may be related to patch size and patch edge responses, but it is not clear how to identify these rapidly. We used a random-walk model to identify three qualitative responses to edges: no edge effect (the null model), reflecting edges and absorbing edges. Interestingly, no edge effect meant that abundance was lower at edges than in the center of patches, and reflecting edges have similar abundance at edges and centers. We then characterized several insect species' response within maize plots to patch edges and patch size, using a simple, quick, qualitative experiment. Coleomegilla maculata and Trichogramma spp. were the only organisms that responded to patch size and edges as patch theory and the null edge model would predict. Ostrinia nubilalis larvae and possibly Rhopalosiphum maidis and eggs of Chrysopa spp. responded to patch size and edges as predicted by an attracting edge model. Estimation of predation rates suggested that the spatial distribution of these species might be determined by predators. Edge effects or the lack thereof relative to patch size may be rapidly determined for arthropod species, which could lead to understanding the mechanism(s) underlying these effects. This information may be useful in reaction diffusion models through a scaling-up approach to predict population structure of species among patches in a landscape. C1 [Olson, D.] USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Andow, D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Olson, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, CPMRU, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dawn.olson@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 9 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0933-6 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277TV UT WOS:000254238500014 PM 18157553 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Lakshman, DK Zasada, IA Vinyard, BT Chitwood, DJ AF Meyer, Susan L. F. Lakshman, Dilip K. Zasada, Inga A. Vinyard, Bryan T. Chitwood, David J. TI Dose-response effects of clove oil from Syzygium aromaticum on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clove oil; Meloidogyne incognita; natural product; nematicide; nematode; phytochemical ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL; NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITY; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; POPULATION-DENSITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMPONENTS AB BACKGROUND: Clove oil, derived from the plant Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry, is active against various organisms, and was prepared in a soy lecithin/detergent formulation to determine concentrations active against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. RESULTS: In microwell assays, the mean effective clove oil concentration that reduced egg hatch by 50% (EC50) was 0.097% (v/v) clove oil; the EC50 for second-stage juvenile (J2) viability was 0.145% clove oil (compared with carrier control treatments). Volatiles from 5.0% clove oil reduced nematode egg hatch in water by 30%, and decreased viability of hatched J2 by as much as 100%. Reductions were not as large with nematodes in carrier. In soil trials with J2 recovered from Baermann funnels, the EC50 = 0.192% clove oil (compared with water controls). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the tested formulation is active against M. incognita eggs and J2, that the EC50 values for J2 in the microwell studies and the soil recovery tests were similar to each other and that direct contact with the clove oil is needed for optimal management results with this natural product. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Meyer, Susan L. F.; Zasada, Inga A.; Chitwood, David J.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lakshman, Dilip K.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Susan.L.Meyer@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1002/ps.1502 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 273VM UT WOS:000253959900003 PM 18080287 ER PT J AU He, YP Gao, CF Chen, WM Huang, LQ Zhou, WJ Liu, XG Shen, JL Zhu, YC AF He, Yue Ping Gao, Cong Fen Chen, Wen Ming Huang, Li Qin Zhou, Wei Jun Liu, Xu Gan Shen, Jin Liang Zhu, Yu Cheng TI Comparison of dose responses and resistance ratios in four populations of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae), to 20 insecticides SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chilo suppressalis; resistance; insecticide; alternatives; fipronil; avermectins; IGRs AB BACKGROUND: Chemical control is a major strategy for suppressing the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). Owing to their high toxicity and increasing resistance development in the target insect, many insecticides will be phased out entirely in 2007 in China. Alternatives with relatively low toxicity are urgently needed to replace traditional chemicals for rice stem borer control. In this study, the authors examined four field populations of C. suppressalis for their toxicological responses to more than 20 insecticides, including a few low-toxicity organophosphates and many novel pesticides. Interpopulation resistance levels to 12 conventional insecticides were also compared. RESULTS: Based on LD50 values, the rice stem borer was most sensitive to avermectins and fipronil (LD50 < 1 ng larva(-1)). The stem borers exhibited the least sensitivity to endosulfan (LD50 > 100ng larva(-1)) and monosultap (LD50 > 100 ng larva(-1)). Insect growth regulators and chitin synthase inhibitors showed great efficacy against C suppressalis, especially against populations that had developed resistance to conventional insecticides. Four field populations showed variable tolerance levels to many insecticides. LYG05 was the most susceptible population, only with a low level of resistance to monosultap (RR = 6.6). NC05 and GL05 populations exhibited intermediate tolerance levels with RR values up to 20.4 and 52.8 respectively. RA05 was the most resistant population to many insecticides, with resistance ratios up to 76.2. CONCLUSION: The results from this study provide valuable information for selection and adoption of new alternative insecticides and for resistance management of the rice stem borer. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [He, Yue Ping; Gao, Cong Fen; Chen, Wen Ming; Zhou, Wei Jun; Liu, Xu Gan; Shen, Jin Liang] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Pesticide Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Huang, Li Qin] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yu Cheng] USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shen, JL (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Pesticide Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM jishen@njau.edu.cn; yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 3 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1002/ps.1522 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 273VM UT WOS:000253959900013 PM 18172878 ER PT J AU Macias-Rubalcava, ML Hernandez-Bautista, BE Jimenez-Estrada, M Gonzalez, MC Glenn, AE Hanlin, RT Hernandez-Ortega, S Saucedo-Garcia, A Muria-Gonzalez, JM Anaya, AL AF Macias-Rubalcava, Martha L. Hernandez-Bautista, Blanca E. Jimenez-Estrada, Manuel Gonzalez, Maria C. Glenn, Anthony E. Hanlin, Richard T. Hernandez-Ortega, Simon Saucedo-Garcia, Aurora Muria-Gonzalez, Jordi M. Anaya, Ana Luisa TI Naphthoquinone spiroketal with allelochemical activity from the newly discovered endophytic fungus Edenia gomezpompae SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE edenia gomezpompae; endophytic fungi; callicarpa acuminata; Verbenaceae; allelochemicals; naphthoquinone spiroketals; preussomerin EG(1); preussomerin EG(2); preussomerin EG(3); palmarumycin CP(2); phytopathogenic fungi; phytopathogenic fungoid oomycetes ID THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE SYSTEM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; CONIOTHYRIUM-PALMARUM; SECONDARY METABOLITES; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; ANTIFUNGAL METABOLITES; PREUSSIA-ISOMERA AB Chemical investigation of the mycelium of Edenia gomezpompae, a newly discovered endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of Callicarpa acuminata (Verbenaceac) collected from the ecological reserve El Eden, Quintana Roo, Mexico, resulted in the isolation of four naphthoquinone spiroketals, including three new compounds and palmarumycin CP(2) (4). We elucidated the structures of the metabolites by extensive NMR spectroscopy studies, including DEPT, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC, and chiroptical methods. The trivial names proposed for these compounds are preussornerin EG(1) (1), preussornerin EG(2) (2) and preussomerin EG(3) (3). In addition, the X-ray data for 4 were obtained. The bioactivity of the mycelial organic extracts and the pure compounds was tested against three endophytic fungi (Colletotrichum sp., Phomopsis sp., and Guignardia manguifera) isolated from the same plant species (C acuminata, Verbenaceae) and against four economically important phytopathogenic microorganisms (two fungoid oomycetes, Phythophtora capsici and Phythophtora parasitica, and the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani). Spiroketals 1-3 displayed significant growth inhibition against all the phytopathogens. IC(50) values for the four phytopathogens were from 20 to 170 mu g/ml. Palmarumycin CP(2) (4) was not bioactive against any of the fungi tested. Compound I showed the strongest bioactivity. The acetylated derivatives of preussornerin EG, (1), la and 1b, were obtained and their biological activity was tested on endophytes and phytopathogens. Preussomerin EG(1) 1, la and 1b exhibited significant bioactivity against all microorganisms tested with the exception of Alternaria solani. This is the first report of allelochemicals with antifungal activity from the newly discovered endophytic fungus E gomezpompae. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Macias-Rubalcava, Martha L.; Hernandez-Bautista, Blanca E.; Saucedo-Garcia, Aurora; Muria-Gonzalez, Jordi M.; Anaya, Ana Luisa] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Ecol Funct, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Jimenez-Estrada, Manuel] Inst Quim, Dept Nat Prod, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Hernandez-Ortega, Simon] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Rayos 10, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Gonzalez, Maria C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Micromicetos, Dept Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Glenn, Anthony E.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Hanlin, Richard T.] Univ Georgia, Museum Natl Hist Annex, Athens, GA 30622 USA. RP Anaya, AL (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Ecol Funct, Inst Ecol, Apartado Postal 70-275,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM alanaya@miranda.ecologia.unam.mx OI Muria-Gonzalez, Mariano Jordi/0000-0002-0598-9626; Hernandez-Ortega, Simon/0000-0002-1034-5673 NR 52 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR PY 2008 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1185 EP 1196 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.12.006 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 285GL UT WOS:000254765200012 PM 18234248 ER PT J AU Das, MK Ehrlich, KC Cotty, PJ AF Das, Modan K. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Cotty, Peter J. TI Use of pyrosequencing to quantify incidence of a specific Aspergillus flavus strain within complex fungal communities associated with commercial cotton crops SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; population genetics ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; FLANKING REGIONS; PEANUT FIELD; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; MYCOTOXINS; MUTANTS AB Atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus have been used as aflatoxin management tools on over 50,000 hectares of commercial crops since 2000. To assess treatment efficacy, atoxigenic strain incidence is routinely monitored by vegetative compatibility analyses (VCA) that require culturing, generation of auxotrophs, and complementation with tester mutants. Two pyrosequencing assays (PA) that require no culturing were developed for monitoring incidences of atoxigenic strains on ginned cottonseed. The assays, which quantify frequencies of characteristic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the aflR and pksA genes, were validated against standard VCA on cottonseed collected from commercial gins in South Texas, Arizona, and Southern California where the atoxigenic strain AF36 is used to manage aflatoxin contamination. Cottonseed washings were subjected to both VCA and PA. PA was performed directly on DNA isolated from particulates pelleted from the wash water by centrifugation. Addition of CaCl2 and diatomaceous earth prior to pelleting increased the amount of DNA isolated. Accuracy and reproducibility of the PA were contrasted with those for the VCA that has been used for over a decade. Correlation coefficients between VCA and PA indicated good correspondence between the results from the two assays (r = 0.91 for aflR assay and r = 0.80 for pksA assay). PAs were highly variable for samples with low incidences of A. flavus due to variability in the initial polymerase chain reaction step. This held for both DNA isolated from cottonseed washes and for mixtures of purified DNA. For samples yielding low quantities of A. flavus DNA, averaging of results from 4 to 5 replicates was required to achieve acceptable correlations with VCA. Pyrosequencing has the potential to become a powerful tool for monitoring atoxigenic strains within complex A. flavus communities without limitations imposed by traditional culturing methods. C1 [Das, Modan K.; Cotty, Peter J.] Univ Arizona, USDA, Dept Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA, Dept Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-3-0282 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 265BQ UT WOS:000253334500003 PM 18944078 ER PT J AU Schroeder, KL Paulitz, TC AF Schroeder, K. L. Paulitz, T. C. TI Effect of inoculum density and soil tillage on the development and severity of Rhizoctonia root rot SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; REDUCED TILLAGE; SOLANI AG-8; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; WINTER-WHEAT; BARE PATCH; TAKE-ALL; BARLEY; ORYZAE; GROWTH AB Rhizoctonia spp. cause substantial yield losses in direct-seeded cereal crops compared with conventional tillage. To investigate the mechanisms behind this increased disease, soils from tilled or direct-seeded fields were inoculated with Rhizoctonia spp. at population densities from 0.8 to 250 propagules per gram and planted with barley (Hordeum vulgare). The incidence and severity of disease did not differ between soils with different tillage histories. Both R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae stunted plants at high inoculum densities, with the latter causing pre-emergence damping-off. High inoculum densities of both species stimulated early production of crown roots in barley seedlings. Intact soil cores from these same tilled and direct-seeded fields were used to evaluate the growth of Rhizoctonia spp. from colonized oat seeds. Growth of R. oryzae was not affected by previous tillage history. However, R. solani AG-8 grew more rapidly through soil from a long-term direct-seeded field compared to tilled soils. The differential response between these two experiments (mixed, homogenized soil versus intact soil) suggests that soil structure plays a major role in the proliferation of R. solani AG-8 through soils with different tillage histories. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-3-0304 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 265BQ UT WOS:000253334500006 PM 18944081 ER PT J AU Balint-Kurti, PJ Zwonitzer, JC Pe, ME Pea, G Lee, M Cardinal, AJ AF Balint-Kurti, P. J. Zwonitzer, J. C. Pe, M. E. Pea, G. Lee, M. Cardinal, A. J. TI Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to southern leaf blight and days to anthesis in two maize recombinant inbred line populations SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAYDIS RACE-O; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-MAYDIS; BIPOLARIS-MAYDIS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; YIELD LOSS; CORN; INHERITANCE; INFECTION; DISEASE AB The genetic architecture underlying resistance in maize to southern leaf blight (SLB) caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O is not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify loci contributing to SLB resistance in two recombinant inbred line populations and to compare these to SLB resistance loci in other populations. The two populations used were derived from crosses between maize inbred lines H99 and B73 (HB population-142 lines) and between B73 and B52 (BB population-186 lines). They were evaluated for SLB resistance and for days from planting to anthesis (DTA) in 2005 and 2006. Two replications arranged as randomized complete blocks were assessed in each year for each population. Entry mean heritabilities for disease resistance were high for both populations (0.876 and 0.761, respectively). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SLB resistance were identified in bins 3.04 (two QTL), 6.01, and 8.05 in the HB population and in bin 2.07 in the BB population. No overlap of DTA and SLB resistance QTL was observed, nor was there any phenotypic correlation between the traits. A comparison of the results of all published SLB resistance QTL studies suggested that bins 3.04 and 6.01 are 'hotspots' for SLB resistance QTL. C1 [Balint-Kurti, P. J.; Zwonitzer, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Balint-Kurti, P. J.; Zwonitzer, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pe, M. E.; Pea, G.] Univ Milan, Dept Biomol Sci & Biotechnol, Milan, Italy. [Lee, M.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, RF Baker Ctr Plant Breeding, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cardinal, A. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Peter.Balint-Kurti@ars.usda.gov OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X NR 32 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-3-0315 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 265BQ UT WOS:000253334500007 PM 18944082 ER PT J AU Turechek, WW Hartung, JS McCallister, J AF Turechek, W. W. Hartung, J. S. McCallister, J. TI Development and optimization of a real-time detection assay for Xanthomonas fragariae in strawberry crown tissue with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black cap; Mann-Whitney U-statistic ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENS; TESTS; AREA; PCR AB Angular leaf spot of strawberry is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae. The disease is transmitted primarily through systemically infected nursery stock. This creates problems for nurseries wishing to export plants to Europe because of quarantine restrictions. Currently, field inspections for symptoms are used to certify plants free of X. fragariae, but visual inspection is not useful for detecting plants infected systemically. To detect systemic infections, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the desired tool because of its sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use. In this study, we developed three sets of real-time PCR primers and probes and determined optimal reaction conditions for use of these primers for the detection of the bacterium X. fragariae in strawberry crown tissue. Real time detection proved to be both more sensitive and specific than standard PCR. Moreover, the detection of X. fragariae in crown tissue extract was possible with real-time PCR but not with standard PCR which is a significant improvement over standard PCR. The information on sensitivity and specificity of the primer sets was used to evaluate the performance of these primers with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis under different tolerances. The results of this analysis can be used to provide guidance on threshold selection to manage disease below unacceptable levels. The results of this research may be useful to regulators and inspectors who must certify that plants meet European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization standards. C1 [Turechek, W. W.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Hartung, J. S.; McCallister, J.] USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Turechek, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM william.turechek@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-3-0359 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 265BQ UT WOS:000253334500013 PM 18944088 ER PT J AU Vogel, J Hill, T AF Vogel, John Hill, Theresa TI High-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brachypodium distachyon inbred line Bd21-3 SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Brachypodium; transformation; Agrobacterium; biofuel; model system ID FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; MODEL; ARABIDOPSIS; MUTAGENESIS; GRASSES; PLANTS; RICE AB Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is a small grass with biological attributes (rapid generation time, small genome, diploid accessions, small stature and simple growth requirements) that make it suitable for use as a model system. In addition, a growing list of genomic resources have been developed or are currently under development including: cDNA libraries, BAC libraries, EST sequences, BAC end sequences, a physical map, genetic markers, a linkage map and, most importantly, the complete genome sequence. To maximize the utility of Brachypodium as a model grass it is necessary to develop an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. In this report we describe the identification of a transformable inbred diploid line, Bd21-3, and the development of a transformation method with transformation efficiencies as high as 41% of co-cultivated calluses producing transgenic plants. Conducting the co-cultivation step under desiccating conditions produced the greatest improvement in transformation efficiency. C1 [Vogel, John; Hill, Theresa] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Vogel, J (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jvogel@pw.usda.gov RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; OI Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 NR 21 TC 129 Z9 138 U1 8 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s00299-007-0472-y PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 263FD UT WOS:000253202100007 PM 17999063 ER PT J AU Zhang, JF Turley, RB Stewart, JM AF Zhang, Jinfa Turley, R. B. Stewart, J. McD. TI Comparative analysis of gene expression between CMS-D8 restored plants and normal non-restoring fertile plants in cotton by differential display SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE cotton; cytoplasmic male sterility; restoration; DDRT-PCR ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; BRASSICA-NAPUS; REGULATED GENES; NUCLEAR GENES; ARABIDOPSIS; IDENTIFICATION; MICROARRAY; POLLEN; STARCH; RICE AB CMS-D8 and its restorer were developed by introducing the cytoplasm and nuclear gene Rf (2) from the wild diploid Gossypium trilobum (D8) into the cultivated tetraploid Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). No information is available on how the Rf(2) gene interacts with CMS-associated genes and how CMS-D8 cytoplasm affects nuclear gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in anther tissues between the non-restoring fertile maintainer ARK8518 (rf(2) rf(2)) and its isogenic heterozygous D8 restorer line, ARK8518R (Rf(2) rf(2)) with D8 cytoplasm, by mRNA differential display (DD). Out of more than 3,000 DDRT-PCR bands amplified by 31 primer combinations from 12 anchor primers and 8 arbitrary decamer primers, approximately 100 bands were identified as being qualitatively differentially displayed. A total of 38 cDNA fragments including 12 preferentially expressed cDNA bands in anther were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Reverse northern blot analysis showed that only 4 genes, including genes encoding a Cys-3-His zinc finger protein and aminopeptidase, were up-regulated, while 22 genes, including genes for phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase (PAT), starch synthase (SS), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, electron transporter, calnexin, arginine decarboxylase, and polyubiquitin, were down-regulated in the heterozygous restorer ARK8518R. The down-regulation of SS explains the lack of starch accumulation in sterile rf (2) pollen grains in the heterozygous restored plants. The molecular mechanism of CMS and its restoration, specifically the possible roles of SS and PAT genes in relation to restoration of Rf (2) to CMS-D8, are discussed. This investigation represents the first account of such an analysis in cotton. C1 [Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Stewart, J. McD.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Turley, R. B.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu; jstewart@uark.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.1007/s00299-007-0492-7 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 263FD UT WOS:000253202100015 PM 18080126 ER PT J AU Halterman, DA Kramer, LC Wielgus, S Jiang, JM AF Halterman, Dennis A. Kramer, Lara Colton Wielgus, Susan Jiang, Jiming TI Performance of transgenic potato containing the late blight resistance gene RB SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance ID BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; SOLANUM-BULBOCASTANUM; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; FOLIAGE; TUBERS; INHERITANCE; PARENTS; TOMATO AB Late blight of potato, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato. A major late blight resistance gene, called RB, previously was identified in the wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum through map-based cloning. The full-length gene coding sequence, including the open reading frame and promoter, has been integrated into Cultivated potato (S. tuberosum) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RB-containing transgenic plants were challenged with P infestans under optimal late blight conditions in greenhouse experiments. All transgenic lines containing RB exhibited strong foliar resistance. Field-grown transgenic tubers also were tested for resistance to P. infestans. In contrast to the foliar resistance phenotype, RB-containing tubers did not exhibit increased resistance. Two years of field trials were used to ascertain whether the presence of RB had any effect on tuber yield. We were unable to detect any significant effect on tuber size or yield after addition of the resistance gene to several S. tuberosum cultivars. C1 [Halterman, Dennis A.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kramer, Lara Colton; Wielgus, Susan; Jiang, Jiming] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Halterman, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dah@plantpath.wisc.edu RI Halterman, Dennis/A-7630-2009; Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0339 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200002 ER PT J AU Allen, TW Workneh, F Steddom, KC Peterson, GL Rush, CM AF Allen, T. W. Workneh, F. Steddom, K. C. Peterson, G. L. Rush, C. M. TI The influence of tillage on dispersal of Tilletia indica teliospores from a concentrated point source SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Karnal bunt ID KARNAL BUNT DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; WHEAT; SURVIVAL; FUNGI; SOIL AB A study was conducted to determine the impact of tillage on dispersal of Tilletia indica teliospores from a concentrated point Source in Arizona. The infested Source was created using a 300-ml teliospore suspension, containing approximately 9.0 x 10(4) teliospores/ml, sprayed onto a 1-by-3-m soil area. Approximately 400 g of soil was collected before tillage treatments, representing the teliospore baseline, and after each of five disk passes, to in approximate depth of 20 cm, through the infestation source (n=597). Soil samples were collected along three parallel lines extending from the infested area at increments of 1, 3, or 10 in to a total distance of 10, 30, and 50 m, respectively. Teliospores were recovered from soil samples by a combined size-selective sieving sucrose-centrifugation technique. Immediately following teliospore infestation, an average of 3.6 x 10(3) teliospores per 25 g of soil sample were recovered from the infestation area. Two different trends in recoverable teliospores occurred at 0- to 10-m sampling distances following five plow passes: either a decrease in the number of teliospores recovered, represented at points 0, 1, and 2 in, or all increase in recoverable teliospores found at points 3 to 10 m. The study was repeated twice for a total of three experiments, and teliospores were recovered to a maximum distance of 24 in. However, the numbers recovered from distances beyond 10 m were sporadic. Based on data from this research, we conclude that teliospores are not distributed ill large quantities to great distances by tillage and, therefore, tillage cannot account for the spatial distribution of teliospores in many infested wheat fields. C1 [Allen, T. W.; Workneh, F.; Rush, C. M.] Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Steddom, K. C.] Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Overton, TX 75684 USA. [Peterson, G. L.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rush, CM (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM cm-rush@tamu.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0351 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200004 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Gillen, AM AF Strausbaugh, Carl A. Gillen, Anne M. TI Bacteria and yeast associated with sugar beet root rot at harvest in the intermountain west SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE acetic acid bacteria; fermentation; lactic acid bacteria ID VASCULAR NECROSIS; LACTOBACILLUS-BUCHNERI; AEROBIC STABILITY; LEUCONOSTOC; FERMENTATION; RESISTANCE; STRAINS; MESENTEROIDES; SELECTION; MIXTURES AB An undescribed wet rot of roots was observed in surveys of recently harvested sugar beet roots in Idaho and eastern Oregon in 2004 and 2005. Microorganisms isolated from 287 roots fell into the following groups: A (41% of strains), B (29%), C (17%), D (11%), E (2%), and F (1%). Groups A, B, C, and F were composed of bacteria while groups D and E were yeasts. Subgroup A1 (80% of group A strains) included Leuconostoc mesenteroides Subsp. dextranicum strains and subgroup A2 (20%) contained Lactobacillus strains. Group B was dominated by subgroup B1 (92% of strains), which included Gluconobacter strains. When only one organism was isolated front rotted roots, strains from subgroup A I were isolated most frequently. Group C was composed of enteric bacteria. Strain B322 of L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum caused the most severe rot on root slices and produced symptoms similar to those in harvested roots. Results suggest that L. mesenteroides Subsp. dextranicum is among the first bacterial species to enter sugar beet roots, closely following fungal infections or entering directly through openings such as growth cracks. The bacterial rot leads to yield loss in the field but likely also leads to storage and factory-processing problems. C1 [Strausbaugh, Carl A.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Gillen, Anne M.] USDA ARS CGPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Strausbaugh, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM carls@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov OI Strausbaugh, Carl/0000-0001-6773-1375 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0357 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200005 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, JN Kraus, J Martin, RR Schreiner, RP AF Pinkerton, J. N. Kraus, J. Martin, R. R. Schreiner, R. P. TI Epidemiology of Xiphinema americanum and Tomato ringspot virus on red raspberry, Rubus idaeus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE dagger nematode; nepovirus; vector ID GRAPEVINE-FANLEAF-VIRUS; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; SOIL TEMPERATURE; GROUP NEMATODES; LIFE-CYCLE; TRANSMISSION; VECTOR; LONGIDORUS; SURVIVAL; NEPOVIRUSES AB Population dynamics of Xiphinema americanum and transmission of Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) were studied in a red raspberry field in Washington State. Population densities of X. americanum were highest in the winter. lowest in the summer. and were correlated with precipitation (R-2=0.2). All nematode stages were present throughout the year. Gravid females were observed only in the spring, indicating one generation per year. The sequence of the coat protein of the ToRSV from this field was similar to those of other raspberry isolates front the Pacific Northwest. Cucumber seedlings were planted in soil collected monthly from the field and were evaluated for nematode transmission of ToRSV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportion of assay plants infected with ToRSV was negatively correlated with nematode densities (R-2=0.31). In another study, ToRSV was detected by ELISA in fine roots of raspberry plants 5 months after planting in field soil infested with viruliferous nematodes, in all subterranean portions of plants after 12 months, and in all aerial portions the second year. The rate of spread of ToRSV in a raspberry field was 70 cm per year. These results suggest that the rate of ToRSV spread is limited by systemic spread of virus in plants when nematode-infested soil is not transported in the field. C1 [Pinkerton, J. N.; Kraus, J.; Martin, R. R.; Schreiner, R. P.] USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Pinkerton, JN (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM pinkertj@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 54 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0364 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200006 ER PT J AU Carson, ML AF Carson, M. L. TI Virulence frequencies in oat crown rust in the United States from 2001 through 2005 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP AVENAE; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; CULTIVATED OAT; RESISTANCE; ASSOCIATIONS; POPULATIONS AB In all, 680 single-pustule isolates of the oat crown rust pathogen, Puccinia coronato f. sp. avenae, were collected from cultivated and wild oat (Avena sativa ani I A. fatua, respectively) in the major oat-production areas of the United States from 2001 through 2005. They were tested for virulence on seedlings of differential oat lines in the greenhouse. In all, 171 races were found among the 357 isolates from the winter oat region of the United States, whereas 212 races were found among 323 isolates from the spring oat region. The crown rust population derived from winter oat in the southern United States was distinct from the spring oat population in the upper Midwest, although there was no virulence unique to either population. Virulence to Pc48 and Pc52 increased significantly in both regions during 2001 to 2005 Virulence to Pc59 increased and virulence to Pc53 decreased in the winter oat region during I he same period. Many of the virulence associations previously reported in the U.S. oat crown rust population in the early 1990s also were found in both regions in this survey. Association: between virulence to the Pc genes were predominately positive in both regions; however, both positive and negative associations occurred more frequently in the winter oat region. Much of the virulence diversity in the oat crown rust population in the United States can be related to :he deployment of resistance genes in commercial oat cultivars and virulence associations existing in the oat crown rust population. The mean virulence of the U.S. populations of crown rust continued to increase from 2001 to 2005. Genes for crown rust resistance derived from A. sterilis appear to be rapidly defeated, as has happened to Pc genes from A. sativa. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mcarson@umn.edu NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0379 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200008 ER PT J AU Russo, NL Robinson, TL l'azio, G Aldwinckle, HS AF Russo, Nicole L. Robinson, Terence L. l'azio, Gennaro Aldwinckle, Herb S. TI Fire blight resistance of Budagovsky 9 apple rootstock SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE dwarfing rootstock ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; AGE-RELATED RESISTANCE; X-DOMESTICA BORKH.; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; GALA APPLE; INTERNAL MOVEMENT; MALUS; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS AB Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, can cause a fatal infection of apple rootstocks known as rootstock blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. Conflicting results could stein from genetic variation in the B.9 Population, appearing as phenotypic differences in rootstock material. However, genetic testing, using 23 microsatellite loci, confirmed he clonal uniformity of B.9 in commerce. Variation in growth habit between B.9 rootstocks originating from two nurseries also has been discounted as a source of disease resistance. Instead, results indicate a possible novel resistance phenotype in B.9 rootstock. B.9 rootstock was susceptible to leaf inoculation by E. amylovora, statistically similar to the susceptible rootstock Malling 9 (M.9). Conversely, inoculation assays targeting woody 4- to 5-year-old tissue revealed a high level of resistance in B.9, whereas M.9 remained susceptible. Although the mechanism by which B.9 gains resistance to E. amylovora is unknown, it is reminiscent of age-related resistance, due to an observed gain of resistance in woody rootstock tissue over succulent shoot tissue. Durable fire blight resistance correlated with tissue development could be a valuable tool for rootstock breeders. C1 [Russo, Nicole L.; Aldwinckle, Herb S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Robinson, Terence L.; l'azio, Gennaro] Cornell Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv PGRU, Dept Hort Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Aldwinckle, HS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM hsal@cornell.edu NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0385 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200009 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS Chen, JC Viveros, MA Civerolo, EL Ledbetter, C Groves, RL AF Sisterson, Mark S. Chen, Jianchi Viveros, Mario A. Civerolo, Edwin L. Ledbetter, Craig Groves, Russell L. TI Effects of almond leaf scorch disease on almond yield: Implications for management SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; TRANSMISSION; CICADELLIDAE; PATHOGEN AB Almond leaf scorch (ALS) disease has been present in California s almond-growing regions for over 60 years. This disease is caused by the bacterium Xylella jastidiosa and the pathogen is vectored by xylem-feeding sharpshooters and spittlebugs. Currently, there are no effective management techniques that prevent trees from becoming infected. Within affected orchards throughout California's Central Valley, disease incidence and the risk of tree-to-tree spread appears to be low. Consequently, the decision to remove or keep infected trees depends on lost productivity. We compared yield and vitality between infected and uninfected almond for cvs. Sonora and Nonpareil. Sonora was examined at three sites 3 over years and Nonpareil was examined at one site over 2 years. Yields of ALS-affected trees were significantly lower for both cultivars, although yield losses of Sonora were proportionally greater than those of Nonpareil. Yields of infected trees did not decline incrementally over years rather, they fluctuated similarly to those of uninfected trees. In addition, no infected trees died during the course of the study. These results are in direct contrast to previous anecdotal reports which suggest that yields of infected trees incrementally decline and infected trees eventually die. A simple economic model was developed to determine conditions under which rouging infected trees would increase returns. Based on the model, orchard age, yield loss due to infection, and the value of a maximally producing almond tree should be considered when deciding to remove ALS-affected trees. C1 [Sisterson, Mark S.; Chen, Jianchi; Civerolo, Edwin L.; Ledbetter, Craig] San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93611 USA. [Viveros, Mario A.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Bakersfield, CA 93307 USA. [Groves, Russell L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93611 USA. EM msisterson@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0409 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200012 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Browning, M Berner, D AF Tooley, Paul W. Browning, Marsha Berner, Dana TI Recovery of Phytophthora ramorum following exposure to temperature extremes SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOIL; SURVIVAL; CALIFORNIA; NURSERIES; FOREST; CHLAMYDOSPORES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RHODODENDRON; INACTIVATION; POPULATIONS AB We examined the impact of exposure to high and low temperature extremes on recovery Of Phytophthora ramorum both as free chlamydospores and within infected rhododendron tissue over a 7-day period. Chlamydospores held in moistened sand were incublated at 30, 35, 40, 0, -10, and -20 degrees C for up to 7 days. infected Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White' leaf disks held in sandy loam, loam, or sand at two different soil moisture levels also we-e subjected to these temperatures for up to 7 days, and to a variable temperature regimen for 2 weeks. Recovery was characterized by growth of P. ramorum on selective agar medium following exposures to temperature treatments. Chlamydospores held in moistened sand showed a high rate of recovery at 30 degrees C, steadily declining recovery at 35 degrees C, and no recovery at 40 degrees C over the 7-day period. Chlamydospores were recovered from 0 degrees C after 7 days, with little or no recovery observed at -10 or -20 degrees C. In infected rhododendron tissue, P ramorum was recovered at 20 and 30 degrees C after 7 days but, at 35 degrees C, the pathogen showed a decline within 2 days and no recovery by 4 days. A 40 degrees C treatment allowed no recovery of P. ramorum from infected tissue after 2 days. For cold treatments, R ramorum was recovered from infected leaf disks at 0 and -10 degrees C after 7 days. At -20 degrees C, recovery declined rapidly after I to 3 days and no recover, was obtained after 4 days. P ramorum showed nearly 100% recovery from leaf disks subjected to a 12-week variable temperature treatment based on ambient summer temperatures in Lewisburg, TN. The results suggest that P ramorum is capable of surviving some highly adverse temperature conditions for at least 7 days both as free chlamydospores in sand and within infected host tissue. Thus, P. ramorum present as free chlamydospores or within tissue of infected plants shipped to the eastern United States has the potential to survive some of the adverse conditions encountered in summer and winter in many eastern states. C1 [Tooley, Paul W.; Browning, Marsha; Berner, Dana] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0431 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200016 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Nelson, ME Grove, GG AF Gent, David H. Nelson, Mark E. Grove, Gary G. TI Persistence of phenylamide insensitivity in Pseudoperonospora humuli SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease management; Humulus lupulus; ridomil ID METALAXYL-RESISTANT STRAINS; HOP DOWNY MILDEW; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS MONT; POTATO FIELDS; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; MEFENOXAM; PATHOGEN; SENSITIVITY AB Downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli, is an important disease of hop in most production regions in the northern hemisphere. Insensitivity to phenylamide fungicides was detected in isolates of P. humuli in production regions in Oregon and Idaho in 1992, and these fungicides since have been used on a limited basis. In this study, he prevalence of phenylarnicle insensitivity among isolates of P. humuli collected from 2005 to 2007 in the north western United States was quantified using a leaf disk assay with a discriminating dose (25 mu g/ml) of either metalaxyl or mefenoxam with inoculum derived from 201 systemically infected diseased shoots (basal spikes) collected from 6, 10, and 11 hop yards in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, respectively. A subset of 47 basal spike isolates and 42 monosporic isolates collected from two yards in Idaho and nine yards in Oregon during 2006 and 2007 were assayed using a dilution series of metalaxyl to determine the effective dose that inhibited 50% of the incidence of sporulation (ED50). Insensitivity to mefenoxam was detected in 31 of 74 (41.9%) basal spikes collected from 13 hop yards. Insensitivity to the related compound n etalaxyl was detected in 52 of 80 (65%) spikes collected from nine hop yards, including four hop yards in Washington. Log ED50 values ranged from -2.25 to 2.67 for basal spike isolates and -2.27 to 2.98 for monosporic isolates and had a similar distribution. Log ED50 values for monosporic isolates and entire basal spike isolates were significantly associated. However, the slope of the regression line was less than 1, indicating that the log ED50 values obtained from entire basal spike isolates were greater than the corresponding log ED50 values obtained from a monosporic isolate obtained from that spike. This research suggests that insensitivity to phenylamide fungicides is a stable phenotype in P. humuli. Management of downy mildew should rely on measures other than these fungicides in yards or regions where phenylamide insensitivity is prevalent, which is now known to include certain hop yards in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. C1 [Gent, David H.] USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nelson, Mark E.; Grove, Gary G.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0463 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200021 ER PT J AU Kirk, WW Gieck, SL Crosslin, JM Hamm, PB AF Kirk, W. W. Gieck, S. L. Crosslin, J. M. Hamm, P. B. TI First report of corky ringspot caused by Tobacco rattle virus on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) in Michigan SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Kirk, W. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gieck, S. L.] Oregon State Univ, Herminston Agr Res & Extens, Herminston, OR 97838 USA. [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Hamm, P. B.] Oregon State Univ, HAREC, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Herminston, OR 97838 USA. RP Kirk, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 485 EP 485 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0485B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200034 ER PT J AU Eskandari, FM Bruckart, WL Schaad, NW Sechler, A Postnikova, E Caesar, AJ Coombs, EM AF Eskandari, F. M. Bruckart, W. L., III Schaad, N. W. Sechler, A. Postnikova, E. Caesar, A. J. Coombs, E. M. TI First report of crown gall caused by an Agrobacterium sp on diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Eskandari, F. M.; Bruckart, W. L., III; Schaad, N. W.; Sechler, A.; Postnikova, E.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Caesar, A. J.] USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Coombs, E. M.] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RP Eskandari, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS, FDWSRU, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 487 EP 487 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0487B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200040 ER PT J AU Keith, RC Nishijima, KA Keith, LM Fitch, MM Nishijima, WT Wall, MM AF Keith, R. C. Nishijima, K. A. Keith, L. M. Fitch, M. M. Nishijima, W. T. Wall, M. M. TI Atypical internal yellowing of papaya fruit in Hawaii caused by Enterobacter sakazakii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CLOACAE C1 [Keith, R. C.; Nishijima, W. T.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Keith, L. M.; Wall, M. M.] USDA ARS, Hilo, HI USA. RP Keith, RC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 487 EP 487 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0487A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 264DZ UT WOS:000253267200039 ER PT J AU Chastain, CJ Xu, WX Parsley, K Sarath, G Hibberd, JM Chollet, R AF Chastain, Chris J. Xu, Wenxin Parsley, Kate Sarath, Gautam Hibberd, Julian M. Chollet, Raymond TI The pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase regulatory proteins of Arabidopsis possess a novel, unprecedented Ser/Thr protein kinase primary structure SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Ser/Thr protein kinase; protein phosphatase; PPDK regulatory protein (PPDK-RP); pyruvate; orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK); Arabidopsis thaliana; C3 plant ID MAIZE-LEAF PYRUVATE; PYRUVATE,ORTHOPHOSPHATE DIKINASE; CARBOXYLASE KINASE; REVERSIBLE PHOSPHORYLATION; C-4 PLANTS; EXPRESSION; DATABASE; GENE; CHLOROPLASTS; SUPERFAMILY AB Pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) is a ubiquitous, low-abundance metabolic enzyme of undetermined function in C3 plants. Its activity in C3 chloroplasts is light-regulated via reversible phosphorylation of an active-site Thr residue by the PPDK regulatory protein (RP), a most unusual bifunctional protein kinase (PK)/protein phosphatase (PP). In this paper we document the molecular cloning and functional analysis of the two unique C3 RPs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The first of these, AtRP1, encodes a typical chloroplast-targeted, bifunctional C4-like RP. The second RP gene, AtRP2, encodes a monofunctional polypeptide that possesses in vitro RP-like PK activity but lacks PP activity, and is localized in the cytosol. Notably, the deduced primary structures of these two highly homologous polypeptides are devoid of any canonical subdomain structure that unifies all known eukaryotic and prokaryotic Ser/Thr PKs into one of three superfamilies, despite the direct demonstration that AtRP1 is functionally a member of this group. Instead, these C3 RPs and the related C4 plant homologues encode a conserved, centrally positioned, approximately 260-residue sequence currently described as the '(d) under bar omain of (u) under bar nknown (f) under bar unction 299' (DUF 299). We propose that vascular plant RPs form a unique protein kinase family now designated as the DUF 299 gene family. C1 [Chastain, Chris J.] Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biosci, Moorhead, MN 56563 USA. [Xu, Wenxin; Chollet, Raymond] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Parsley, Kate; Hibberd, Julian M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chastain, CJ (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biosci, Moorhead, MN 56563 USA. EM chastain@mnstate.edu FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council NR 37 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 854 EP 863 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03366.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 267BY UT WOS:000253484600013 PM 17996018 ER PT J AU Ackerman, CM Yu, Q Kim, S Paull, RE Moore, PH Ming, R AF Ackerman, Christine M. Yu, Qingyi Kim, Sangtae Paull, Robert E. Moore, Paul H. Ming, Ray TI B-class MADS-box genes in trioecious papaya: two paleoAP3 paralogs, CpTM6-1 and CpTM6-2, and a PI ortholog CpPI SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Carica; molecular phylogeny; nonparametric rate smoothing; paleoAP3 motif; tomato MADS-box gene 6 (TM6) ID FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENE; ORGAN IDENTITY GENES; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERGENCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DEFICIENS HOMOLOG; BLACK COTTONWOOD; FEMALE FLOWERS AB In the ABC model of flower development, B function organ-identity genes act in the second and third whorls of the flower to control petal and stamen identity. The trioecious papaya has male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers and is an ideal system for testing the B-class gene expression patterns in trioecious plants. We cloned papaya B-class genes, CpTM6-1, CpTM6-2, and CpPI, using MADS box gene specific degenerate primers followed by cDNA library screening and sequencing of positive clones. While phylogenetic analyses show that CpPI is the ortholog of the Arabidopsis gene PI, the CpTM6-1 and CpTM6-2 loci are representatives of the paralogous TM6 lineage that contain paleoAP3 motifs unlike the euAP3 gene observed in Arabidopsis. These two paralogs appeared to have originated from a tandem duplication occurred approximately 13.4 million year ago (mya) (bootstrap range 13.36 +/- 2.42). In-situ hybridization and RT-PCR showed that the papaya B-class genes were highly expressed in young flowers across all floral organ primordia. As the flower organs developed, all three B-class genes were highly expressed in petals of all three-sex types and in stamens of hermaphrodite and male flowers. CpTM6-1 expressed at low levels in sepals and carpels, whereas CpTM6-2 expressed at a low level in sepals and at a high level in leaves. Our results showed that B-class gene homologs could function as predicted by the ABC model in trioecous flowers but differential expressions of CpTM6-1, and CpTM6-2, and CpPI suggested the diversification of their functions after the duplication events. C1 [Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ackerman, Christine M.; Yu, Qingyi; Ming, Ray] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Kim, Sangtae] Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Paull, Robert E.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Moore, Paul H.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rming@life.uiuc.edu NR 64 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAR PY 2008 VL 227 IS 4 BP 741 EP 753 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0653-5 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 255YR UT WOS:000252695000002 PM 17985156 ER PT J AU Mui, EJ Schiehser, GA Milhous, WK Hsu, HH Roberts, CW Kirisits, M Muench, S Rice, D Dubey, JP Fowble, JW Rathod, PK Queener, SF Liu, SR Jacobus, DP McLeod, R AF Mui, Ernest J. Schiehser, Guy A. Milhous, Wilbur K. Hsu, Honghue Roberts, Craig W. Kirisits, Michael Muench, Stephen Rice, David Dubey, J. P. Fowble, Joseph W. Rathod, Pradipsinh K. Queener, Sherry F. Liu, Susan R. Jacobus, David P. McLeod, Rima TI Novel Triazine JPC-2067-B Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii In Vitro and In Vivo SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; RESISTANT DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII; HIGH PREVALENCE; SOUTH-AMERICA AB Background and Methodology: Toxoplasma gondii causes substantial morbidity, mortality, and costs for healthcare in the developed and developing world. Current medicines are not well tolerated and cause hypersensitivity reactions. The dihydrotriazine JPC-2067-B (4, 6-diamino-1, 2-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-1-(3'(2-chloro-, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)propyloxy)-1, 3, 5-triazine), which inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), is highly effective against Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and apicomplexans related to T. gondii. JPC-2067-B is the primary metabolite of the orally active biguanide JPC-2056 1-(3'-(2-chloro-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyloxy)propyl oxy)- 5-isopropylbiguanide, which is being advanced to clinical trials for malaria. Efficacy of the prodrug JPC-2056 and the active metabolite JPC-2067-B against T. gondii and T. gondii DHFR as well as toxicity toward mammalian cells were tested. Principal Findings and Conclusions: Herein, we found that JPC-2067-B is highly effective against T. gondii. We demonstrate that JPC-2067-B inhibits T. gondii growth in culture (IC50 20 nM), inhibits the purified enzyme (IC50 6.5 nM), is more efficacious than pyrimethamine, and is cidal in vitro. JPC-2067-B administered parenterally and the orally administered prodrug (JPC-2056) are also effective against T. gondii tachyzoites in vivo. A molecular model of T. gondii DHFR-TS complexed with JPC-2067-B was developed. We found that the three main parasite clonal types and isolates from South and Central America, the United States, Canada, China, and Sri Lanka have the same amino acid sequences preserving key binding sites for the triazine. Significance: JPC-2056/JPC-2067-B have potential to be more effective and possibly less toxic treatments for toxoplasmosis than currently available medicines. C1 [Mui, Ernest J.; Kirisits, Michael; Liu, Susan R.; McLeod, Rima] Univ Chicago, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Schiehser, Guy A.; Hsu, Honghue; Jacobus, David P.] Jacobus Pharmaceut Co Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milhous, Wilbur K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Roberts, Craig W.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Immunol, Strathclyde Inst Biomed Sci, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Muench, Stephen; Rice, David] Univ Sheffield, Krebs Inst Biomolec Res, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Fowble, Joseph W.; Rathod, Pradipsinh K.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Queener, Sherry F.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [McLeod, Rima] Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Comm Mol Med Genet & Immunol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [McLeod, Rima] Univ Chicago, The Coll, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Mui, EJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM rmcleod@midway.uchicago.edu RI Roberts, Craig/B-8016-2008; OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-0653-835X; Muench, Stephen/0000-0001-6869-4414 FU Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation [R01 AI43228, AI26912, AI60360] FX This work was supported by R01 AI43228, AI26912, and AI60360, The Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation, and gifts from the Kieweit, Blackmon, Brennan, Koshland, Langel, Morel, Rosenstein, Kapnick, Cussen, Lipskar, Taub, and Rooney-Alden families. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 AR e190 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000190 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 385HZ UT WOS:000261806600018 PM 18320016 ER PT J AU Pilla, S Gong, S O'Neill, E Rowell, RM Krzysik, AM AF Pilla, Srikanth Gong, Shaoqin O'Neill, Eric Rowell, Roger M. Krzysik, Andrzej M. TI Polylactide-pine wood flour composites SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(L-LACTIC ACID); POLYMER COMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE; CRYSTALLIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITE; MORPHOLOGY; WAVINESS; BEHAVIOR AB Biobased and biodegradable polyactide (PLA)-pine wood flour (PWF) composites were investigated as a means to reduce the overall material cost and tailor the material properties. The composites were prepared using a kinetic-mixer and an injection molding machine. The tensile modulus on the PLA-PWF composites increased with the PWF content whereas the toughness and strain-at-break decreased. The tensile strength remained the same irrespective of the PWF content (up to 40%). The storage modulus also increased with the PWF content. Additionally, composites containing PWF treated with silane showed higher storage modulus than those without the silane treatment. The area integration underneath the tan delta peaks decreased with increasing PWF. The degree of crystallinity of the PLA-PWF composites increased significantly with the PWF content. Furthermore, the treatment of PWF with silane had a positive effect on its nucleating ability, as treated PLA-PWF composites showed higher crystallinity compared with their untreated counter-parts. The morphology of the fracture surfaces were studied using a scanning electron microscope. Finally, a Halpin-Tsai analytical model to predict Young's modulus of PLA-PWF composites was presented to compare the theoretical results with that of experimental results. C1 [Pilla, Srikanth; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [O'Neill, Eric; Rowell, Roger M.; Krzysik, Andrzej M.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Gong, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM sgong@uwm.edu RI Pilla, Srikanth/F-4622-2011 OI Pilla, Srikanth/0000-0003-3728-6578 NR 39 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 578 EP 587 DI 10.1002/pen.20971 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 265BP UT WOS:000253334400018 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Howard, L AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Collins, Julie K. Howard, Luke TI Blueberry fruit response to postharvest application of ultraviolet radiation SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE UV-C; phototreatment; ripe rot; anthracnose; antioxidant; V. corymbosum ID RADICAL ABSORBING CAPACITY; UV-C IRRADIATION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PHOTOCHEMICAL TREATMENT; STORAGE ROTS; LIGHT; PHENOLICS; ANTHOCYANINS; GENOTYPES; HIGHBUSH AB Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum, cvs. Collins, Bluecrop) were exposed to ultraviolet light-C (UV-C) radiation treatments from 0 to 4 kJ/m(2) prior to 7 days storage at 5 degrees C plus 2 days at 20 degrees C, 90% RH. Weight loss and firmness were not affected by light treatment. Decay incidence from ripe rot (Colletotrichum acutatum, syn. C. gloeosporioides) on fruit was decreased by 10% with 1-4 kJ/m(2) UV-C light treatments. Antioxidants as measured by total anthocyanin, total phenolics, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were higher in 'Collins' fruit given 0 or 1 kJ/m(2) UV-C compared to unstored fruit. In 'Bluecrop', total anthocyanin content and FRAP values increased with treatment intensity, with highest values seen in fruit given 2 or 4 kJ/m(2) UV-C, but no clear treatment effects were seen in total phenolic content. These results indicate that postharvest application of UV-C radiation can decrease decay caused by ripe rot in blueberries and may enhance antioxidant levels. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope; Collins, Julie K.] USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Howard, Luke] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72401 USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org NR 25 TC 66 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 280 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.08.002 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 270CV UT WOS:000253698500002 ER PT J AU Kim, DK Lillehoj, HS Hong, YH Park, DW Lamont, SJ Han, JY Lillehoj, EP AF Kim, D. K. Lillehoj, H. S. Hong, Y. H. Park, D. W. Lamont, S. J. Han, J. Y. Lillehoj, E. P. TI Immune-related gene expression in two B-Complex disparate genetically inbred Fayoumi chicken lines following Eimeria maxima infection SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE major histocompatibility complex; Fayoumi; Eimeria maxima; immune-related; disease resistance ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; ASCARIDIA-GALLI INFECTIONS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; VACCINATION STRATEGIES; INTERFERON PRODUCTION; TNF-ALPHA; TENELLA; RESISTANCE; COCCIDIOSIS; GAMMA AB To investigate the influence of genetic differences in the MHC on susceptibility to avian coccidiosis, M5.1 and M15.2 B-haplotype-disparate Fayoumi chickens were orally infected with live Eimeria maxima oocysts, and BW gain, fecal oocyst production, and expression of 14 immune-related genes were determined as parameters of protective immunity. Weight loss was reduced and fecal parasite numbers were lower in birds of the M5.1 line compared with M15.2 line birds. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes from M5.1 chickens expressed greater levels of transcripts encoding interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17A, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor and lower levels of mRNA for IFN-alpha, IL- 10, IL-17D, NK-lysin, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 compared with the M15.2 line. In the spleen, E. maxima infection was associated with greater expression levels of IFN-gamma, IL-15, and IL-8 and lower levels of IL-6, IL-17D, and IL-12 in M5.1 vs. M15.2 birds. These results suggest that genetic determinants within the chicken MHC influence resistance to E. maxima infection by controlling the local and systemic expression of immune-related cytokine and chemokine genes. C1 [Kim, D. K.; Lillehoj, H. S.; Hong, Y. H.; Park, D. W.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lamont, S. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Han, J. Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Food & Anim Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. [Lillehoj, E. P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 433 EP 443 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00383 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JJ UT WOS:000253855400005 PM 18281568 ER PT J AU Plumstead, PW Leytem, AB Maguire, RO Spears, JW Kwanyuen, P Brake, J AF Plumstead, P. W. Leytem, A. B. Maguire, R. O. Spears, J. W. Kwanyuen, P. Brake, J. TI Interaction of calcium and phytate in broiler diets. 1. Effects on apparent prececal digestibility and retention of phosphorus SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; phosphorus; soybean meal; phytate; environment ID PHYTIC ACID; NUTRIENT EXCRETION; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; FEED INGREDIENTS; CHICKS; CORN; HYDROLYSIS; EFFICACY; IMPACT; PIGS AB Phytate P utilization from soybean meal (SBM) included in broiler diets has been shown to be poor and highly dependent on dietary Ca intake. However, the effect of Ca on P utilization and on the optimal ratio of Ca to nonphytate P (Ca:NPP) when diets contained varying levels of phytate has not been clearly shown and was the objective of this research. A factorial treatment structure was used with 4 dietary Ca levels from 0.47 to 1.16% and 3 levels of phytate P (0.28, 0.24, and 0.10%). Varying dietary phytate P levels were obtained by utilizing SBM produced from 3 varieties of soybeans with different phytate P concentrations. Ross 508 broiler chicks were fed 1 of 12 diets from 16 to 21 d of age. Excreta were collected from 16 to 17 d and from 19 to 20 d of age and ileal digesta was collected at 21 d of age. Apparent prececal P digestibility decreased when dietary Ca concentration increased and was higher when diets contained low-phytate SBM. The apparent digestibility of Ca and percentage of phytate P hydrolysis at the distal ileum were not reduced when dietary phytate P concentration increased. Including low-phytate SBM in diets reduced total P output in the excreta by 49% compared with conventional SBM. The optimum ratio of Ca: NPP that resulted in the highest P retention and lowest P excretion was 2.53:1, 2.40:1, and 2.34:1 for diets with 0.28, 0.24, and 0.10% phytate P. These data suggested that increased dietary Ca reduced the extent of phytate P hydrolysis and P digestibility and that the optimum Ca: NPP ratio at which P retention was maximized was reduced when diets contained less phytate P. C1 [Plumstead, P. W.; Brake, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Maguire, R. O.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Spears, J. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwanyuen, P.] USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Brake, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jbrake@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00231 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JJ UT WOS:000253855400007 PM 18281570 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Plumstead, PW Maguire, RO Kwanyuen, P Burton, JW Brake, J AF Leytem, A. B. Plumstead, P. W. Maguire, R. O. Kwanyuen, P. Burton, J. W. Brake, J. TI Interaction of calcium and phytate in broiler diets. 2. Effects on total and soluble phosphorus excretion SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; soluble phosphorus; excreta; phytate; environment ID PHYTIC ACID BARLEY; EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF LOSSES; MANURE; SOILS; LITTER; CORN; PERFORMANCE; HYDROLYSIS; SOLUBILITY AB Dietary Ca has been reported to influence the amount of phytate excreted from broilers and affect the solubility of P in excreta. To address the effects of dietary Ca and phytate on P excretion, 12 dietary treatments were fed to broilers from 16 to 21 d of age. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of phytate P (0.10, 0.24, and 0.28%) and 4 levels of Ca (0.47, 0.70, 0.93, and 1.16%) in a randomized complete block design. Feed phytate concentrations were varied by formulating diets with 3 different soybean meals (SBM): a low-phytate SBM, a commercial SBM, and a high phytate Prolina SBM having phytate P concentrations of 0.15 to 0.51%. Fresh excreta was collected from cages during 2 separate 24-h periods; collection I commenced after the start of dietary treatments (16 to 17 d) and collection II followed a 3-d adaptation period (19 to 20 d). Ileal samples were also collected at 21 d. Excreta samples were analyzed for total P, water soluble P (WSP), and phytate P, whereas ileal samples were analyzed for total P and phytate P. Results indicated that excreta total P could be reduced by up to 63% and WSP by up to 66% with dietary inclusion of low-phytate SBM. There was a significant effect of dietary Ca on both the excreta WSP and the ratio of WSP: total P. As dietary Ca increased, the excreta WSP and WSP: total P decreased, with the effects being more pronounced following a dietary adaptation period. There was a linear relationship between the slope of the response in WSP to dietary Ca and feed phytate content for excreta from collection II (r(2) = 0.99). There was also a negative correlation between excreta phytate concentration and excreta WSP during both excreta collections. The response in WSP to dietary manipulation was important from an environmental perspective because WSP in excreta has been related to potential for off-site P losses following land application. C1 [Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Plumstead, P. W.; Brake, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Maguire, R. O.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kwanyuen, P.; Burton, J. W.] USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM April.Leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 459 EP 467 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00229 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JJ UT WOS:000253855400008 PM 18281571 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Cason, JA Ingram, KD Smith, DP Buhr, RJ Fletcher, DL AF Northcutt, J. K. Cason, J. A. Ingram, K. D. Smith, D. P. Buhr, R. J. Fletcher, D. L. TI Recovery of bacteria from broiler carcasses after immersion chilling in different volumes of water, part 2 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; immersion chilling; carcass contamination; carcass microbiology ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POULTRY MEAT; CAMPYLOBACTER; SALMONELLA AB Experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between poultry chilling water volume and carcass microbiology. In the first study, the volume of water used during immersion chilling was found to have a significant effect on the counts of bacteria recovered from broiler carcass halves; however, these volumes (2.1 and 16.8 L/kg) were extreme and did not reflect commercial levels. A second study using commercial chilling volumes was conducted with 3.3 L/kg (low) or 6.7 L/kg (high) distilled water in the chiller. Prechill broiler carcasses were removed from a commercial processing line, cut into left and right halves, and one-half of each pair was individually chilled in a bag containing low or high volume of water. Bags containing halves were submersed in a secondary chill tank containing approximately 150 L of an ice-water mix (0.6 degrees C). After 45 min, halves were removed, allowed to drip for 5 min, and rinsed with 100 mL of sterile water for 1 min. Rinses were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Campylobacter. When the numbers of bacteria in the half-carcass rinses (HCR) were compared, counts recovered from halves chilled in a low volume of water were the same as those recovered from the halves chilled with a high volume of water (P > 0.05). Levels found in the HCR ranged from 4.0 to 4.2 log(10) cfu/ mL for aerobic bacteria, 3.3 to 3.5 log(10) cfu/mL for E. coli, 3.6 to 3.8 log(10) cfu/mL for Enterobacteriaceae, and 2.4 to 2.6 log(10) cfu/mL for Campylobacter. Data were also analyzed using a paired comparison t- test, and this analysis showed that there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the numbers of aerobic bacteria, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, or Campylobacter recovered from paired-halves chilled in different volumes of water. The present study shows that under the conditions outlined in this experiment, doubling the amount of water during immersion chilling (3.3 vs. 6.7 L/kg) did not improve the removal of bacteria from the surfaces of chilled carcasses. C1 [Northcutt, J. K.; Cason, J. A.; Ingram, K. D.; Smith, D. P.; Buhr, R. J.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Fletcher, D. L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jnorthcutt@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 573 EP 576 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00444 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JJ UT WOS:000253855400024 PM 18281587 ER PT J AU Viscione, KA Branton, SL Vance, AM Gerard, PD Whitmarsh, SK Peebles, ED AF Viscione, K. A. Branton, S. L. Vance, A. M. Gerard, P. D. Whitmarsh, S. K. Peebles, E. D. TI Effects of 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation alone at ten weeks of age or in conjunction with F-Strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation overlays at twenty-two or forty-five weeks of age on the performance of commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; performance; 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID CHICKENS; LAYERS; SYNOVIAE; QUALITY; POULTRY AB The effects of 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (6/85MG) inoculation alone or in conjunction with a F-strain M. gallisepticum (FMG) overlay and its timing on the performance of commercial egg-laying hens were investigated. Control birds received sham inoculations at 10 wk of age. A second treated group of birds was inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk of age, a third treatment group of birds was inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk and received an overlay of FMG at 22 wk, and a fourth treatment group was inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk followed by a 45-wk overlay inoculation of FMG. Parameters investigated between 20 and 55 wk of age included BW, mortality, weekly and total egg production, egg weight, relative eggshell conductance, eggshell weight per unit of surface area, percentage shell weight, yolk/albumen ratio, and egg shape index. Hen age effects were reported for BW, egg weight, yolk/albumen ratio, and egg production. No treatment effects or hen age x treatment interactions were noted for those parameters except for yolk/albumen ratio, and no significant effects of any kind were noted for the remaining parameters examined. At wk 47, a significant treatment effect for yolk/albumen ratio was noted. The yolk/albumen ratio in the group of birds that received 6/85MG at 10 wk followed by an overlay of FMG at 22 wk was significantly lower than the sham control birds and those that were inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk followed by a 45-wk overlay inoculation of FMG. Prelay 6/85MG inoculations may be a suitable substitute for prelay FMG inoculations, and FMG overlays during lay on prelay 6/85MG inoculations may provide continual protection without eliciting any subsequent suppressive effects on performance. C1 [Viscione, K. A.; Whitmarsh, S. K.; Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.; Vance, A. M.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00424 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JJ UT WOS:000253855400026 PM 18281589 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Branton, SL Burnham, MR Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD AF Peebles, E. D. Branton, S. L. Burnham, M. R. Whitmarsh, S. K. Gerard, P. D. TI Effects of supplemental dietary phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the performance characteristics of commercial layers inoculated before or at the onset of lay with the F-strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; phytase; 25-hydroxycholecalciferol ID BROILER BREEDER; HENS; EGG; INFECTION; FAT; AGE AB The effects of dietary supplementation with phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the performance characteristics of commercial layers that were inoculated prelay ( 12 wk of age) or at the onset of lay ( 22 wk of age) with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum were assessed. Experimental layer diets, which included a basal control diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.025% phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, were fed from 20 through 58 wk of age. Weekly and total egg production were determined from 22 through 58 wk, and egg weight and various internal egg and eggshell quality characteristics were examined at 34, 50, and 58 wk of age. F-strain M. gallisepticum inoculation decreased egg production at the beginning of lay ( wk 22 and 23) but increased post-peak lay at wk 45. However, there were no treatment effects of any kind on total egg production, egg weight, or any of the internal egg and eggshell characteristics examined during lay. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol did not affect layer performance or interact with the effects of F-strain M. gallisepticum inoculation; however, F-strain M. gallisepticum inoculation resulted in a shift in egg production from wk 22 to 45 without having an overall effect on total egg production. C1 [Peebles, E. D.; Burnham, M. R.; Whitmarsh, S. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 598 EP 601 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00367 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JJ UT WOS:000253855400028 PM 18281591 ER PT J AU Rau, BM Chambers, JC Blank, RR Johnson, DW AF Rau, Benjamin M. Chambers, Jeanne C. Blank, Robert R. Johnson, Dale W. TI Prescribed fire, soil, and plants: Burn effects and interactions in the central great basin SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE STATE CONCEPTS; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; MOUNTAIN-SHRUB; FOREST SOILS; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; WILDFIRE; ESTABLISHMENT AB Pinyon and juniper expansion into sagebrush ecosystems results in decreased cover and biomass of perennial grasses and forbs. We examine the effectiveness of spring prescribed fire on restoration of sagebrush ecosystems by documenting burn effects on soil nutrients, herbaceous aboveground biomass, and tissue nutrient concentrations. This study was conducted in a central Nevada woodland and included control and burn treatment plots sampled before and after a prescribed fire. Six native understory plant species (Crepis acuminata, Eriogonum umbellatum, Eriogonum elatum, Poa secunda secunda, Festuca idaboensis, and Lupinus argenteus) important for native sagebrush obligate foragers were chosen to represent the understory plant community. L. argenteus is also important for system nutrient cycling and nitrogen fixation. Plants were collected from three microsites (under tree canopy, under shrub canopy, and interspace) common in transitional woodlands during peak growth the summer before a spring prescribed burn and each of two summers following the burn. Soils were collected from corresponding locations at two depth intervals (0-8 and 8-52 cm) to determine the relationships between soil and plant nutrients following fire. Microsite affected soil nutrients but did not influence plant tissue concentrations with the exception of F. idaboensis. Burning resulted in increases in soil surface NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), inorganic N, Ca(2+) Mn(2+), and Zn(2+). Increases in NO(3)(-), inorganic N, and Zn(2+) were also observed in deeper horizons. Burning did not affect aboveground plant biomass or nutrient concentrations in the first year with the exception of F. idahoensis, which had increased tissue P. By the second year, all species had statistically significant responses to burning. The most common response was for increased aboveground plant weight and tissue N concentrations. Plant response to burning appeared to be related to the burn treatment and the soil variables surface K(+), NO(3)(-), and inorganic N. C1 [Rau, Benjamin M.] Univ Nevada, Reno Hydrol Sci Program, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] USDA, Forest Serv RMRS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Blank, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Johnson, Dale W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Rau, BM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno Hydrol Sci Program, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brau@unr.nevada.edu NR 47 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 30 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 2 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.2111/07-037.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277ER UT WOS:000254196000004 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jonathan D. TI The response of Thurber's needlegrass to fall prescribed burning SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SAGEBRUSH-GRASS RANGE; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; SEED PRODUCTION; USE EFFICIENCY; FIRE; COMPETITION; OREGON; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AVAILABILITY AB Thurber's needlegrass (Achnatherum thurberianum [Piper] Barkworth) is an important component of many sagebrush communities in the Intermountain West. Prescribed fall burning is often implemented in sagebrush plant communities to mimic historic wildfires, improve wildlife habitat, and increase livestock forage production. Burning is used because it shifts dominance from sagebrush to herbaceous vegetation. The effects of prescribed fall burning on Thurber's needlegrass are largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of Thurber's needlegrass to prescribed fall burning. A randomized block design was used, and each block consisted of a fall burned and unburned (control) Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S. L. Welsh)-bunchgrass communities. Response variables measured in the first and second years after burns were Thurber's needlegrass community foliar cover and density, vegetative and reproductive biomass, photosynthetic rates, tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, and N (15 N: 14 N) and C (C-13:C-12) isotope ratios. Density of Thurber's needlegrass in both postburn years and cover in the second postburn year were not different between treatments (P > 0.05), but cover was less in the burned than control treatment in the first postburn year (P = 0.008). Carbon isotope ratios in Thurber's needlegrass differed between the burn (-25.9 +/- 0.1 SE) and control (-26.3 +/- 0.1 SE) treatments in the first postburn year (P = 0.019). Nitrogen isotope ratios indicated nitrogen was more available in the burned than control treatment in both years (P < 0.05). Photosynthetic rates of Thurber's needlegrass were also generally greater in the burned than control treatment (P = 0.045). Our results suggest burning altered the availability of resources to Thurber's needlegrass plants. Our results also suggest that prescribed fall burning is not detrimental to Thurber's needlegrass and, thus, can be used as a method to shift dominance from sagebrush to herbaceous vegetation. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jonathan D.] Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 67826-A Hwy, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 2 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.2111/07-060.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277ER UT WOS:000254196000006 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Bingbam, BS Svejcar, TJ AF Sheley, Roger L. Bingbam, Brett S. Svejcar, Tony J. TI Crested wheatgrass defoliation intensity and season on medusahead invasion SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED KNAPWEED; GRASS; COMPETITION; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; HERBIVORY AB The objective of this study was to determine the effects of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn.) defoliation intensity and timing on medusahead density and biomass. We hypothesized that crested wheatgrass defoliation greater than 60% during the spring would provide maximum medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medsae [L.] Nevski subsp. asperum [Simk.] Melderis; taxonomy from US Department of Agriculture) density and biomass. Eighteen treatments (six defoliation levels, three seasons of defoliation) were applied to 2-m(2) plots in a randomized complete block design on two sites with varying clay content. Blocks were replicated five times at each site. Plants were clipped in 2004 and 2005. Crested wheatgrass was hand clipped to defoliation levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% in the spring, summer, or fall. Density of crested wheatgrass and medusahead was sampled in June 2005 and 2006, but their biomass was harvested only in 2006. Data were analyzed with least square means analysis of variance. Over the two seasons, site had much more of an impact on medusahead invasion than either defoliation intensity or timing of defoliation. The results support previous suggestions that clayey soils favor medusahead and that perennial grasses with high biomass can resist this invasive species. On the clayey site where medusahead did persist, fall defoliation of crested wheatgrass reduced the density of this invasive species by 50% or more compared to spring defoliation. Given the developmental pattern of medusahead, the goal of any management program should be to maximize resource use by the desirable species during April to late July. C1 [Sheley, Roger L.; Bingbam, Brett S.; Svejcar, Tony J.] USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 67826 A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 2 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.2111/07-062.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277ER UT WOS:000254196000009 ER PT J AU Johnson, DD Ganskopp, DC AF Johnson, Dustin D. Ganskopp, David C. TI GPS collar sampling frequency: Effects on measures of resource use SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TIME INTERVALS; CATTLE; SYSTEM; COST AB A challenge in animal behavior studies using Global Positioning System (GPS) collars is selecting a sampling frequency to accomplish desired goals. High data resolution (i.e., frequent sampling) is appealing, because it maximizes behavioral information garnered. Extended sampling might be needed, however, to describe long term behaviors or seasonal dynamics. Because tradeoffs exist between high data resolution and sampling duration, we evaluated the effects of variable GPS sampling intervals on proportions of pastures used by cattle and distance traveled per day. This was accomplished with GPS collars configured to record cattle positions every 5 min for 15 d in three 829-864-ha pastures. Data were iteratively reduced to simulate increasingly longer GPS recording intervals from once every 10 min up to once daily. Two techniques were used to measure the percentage of pastures accessed by cattle. The first counted only pixels containing GPS coordinates. The second counted pixels containing coordinates and/or traversed by lines between vertices. Expansion of GPS recording intervals decreased (P < 0.01) estimates of the proportion of pastures visited by cattle with rates of decline best fit by exponential decay functions for both line and point techniques (R-2 = 0.93 and 0.97, respectively). Spatial errors accompanying less frequent sampling intervals, however, were extremely large with the line technique and misrepresented areas visited by cattle. Expansion of GPS sampling intervals decreased (P < 0.001) distance traveled per day by cattle about 10% with each iteration. If travel corridors or accurate assessments of resources accessed are of critical concern, then longer GPS integration intervals should be avoided because they propagate flawed spatial interpretations. Similarly, if accurate measures of travel distances are critical, we suggest using a relatively frequent GPS recording interval. C1 [Ganskopp, David C.] Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Johnson, Dustin D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Harney Cty Extens Off, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Ganskopp, DC (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM david.ganskopp@oregonstate.edu NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 2 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.2111/07-044.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277ER UT WOS:000254196000011 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Lee, ST Panter, KE Motteram, ES Gay, CC AF Pfister, James A. Lee, Stephen T. Panter, Kip E. Motteram, Ernie S. Gay, Clive C. TI Effects of experience and lactation on lupine consumption by cattle SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CROOKED CALF DISEASE; SOCIAL FACILITATION; LARKSPUR AB Lupines (Lupinus spp.) are widespread range plants that are often toxic to livestock. Some reports suggest that naive, younger animals might consume more lupine than more experienced, older cattle. Further, lactational stress might alter forage selection, and lactating cows might eat more lupine than nonlactating cows. Thus, the objectives of these trials were to examine the influence of experience and lactation on lupine intake. Both study areas were near Ritzville, Washington, on rangeland dominated by cheatgrass or downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), with abundant velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl.). During the first trial, six naive and six experienced Hereford cows were grazed together for 25 d during summer. There was no difference (P > 0.5) in consumption of lupine by naive and experienced cows. Consumption peaked at 10%-14% of daily bites. During the second trial, six lactating and six nonlactating cows grazed a lupine-infested pasture for 18 d. There was no difference (P > 0.6) in consumption between lactating and dry cows. Lupine consumption gradually increased and peaked at 10%-15% of the diets. Our results suggest that experience and lactation status are probably minor considerations in livestock management schemes to reduce losses to lupine. C1 [Pfister, James A.; Lee, Stephen T.; Panter, Kip E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Motteram, Ernie S.; Gay, Clive C.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N Logan, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Jim.Pfister@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 2 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.2111/06-139.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277ER UT WOS:000254196000013 ER PT J AU Tanaka, DL Karn, JF Scholljegerdes, EJ AF Tanaka, D. L. Karn, J. F. Scholljegerdes, E. J. TI Integrated Practical crop/livestock systems research: Practical research considerations SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Scientific Conference of the International-Society-of-Organic-Agriculture Research CY SEP, 2005 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Organ Agr Res DE integrated crop/livestock systems ID SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; FARMING SYSTEMS; CROP PRODUCTION; CHALLENGES; SCIENCE; FUTURE AB There are many reasons for the paucity of integrated crop/livestock research and associated publications. Integrated/crop livestock experiments that involve adequate treatments and replications, as perceived by both crop and animal scientists, require large numbers of hectares, many animals, considerable labor to conduct the research, substantial financial resources, and a commitment by Federal and State Research Agencies to fund such long-term research projects. To be truly integrated, crop/livestock research must be multidisciplinary, involving scientists of diverse training and experience with expertise to address various aspects of the research problem, and scientists must function as a cohesive unit or team. The prevailing attitude that all experimental data must be statistically analyzed to be of any value is also a detriment to integrated research. Statistical analyses of these projects may be quite challenging and require new or unusual approaches. Related to the prevailing need for statistical analysis is also the need for scientists to publish senior authored publications for career advancement. Conducting integrated research may not facilitate scientists' publishing the number and quality of publications required for them to meet these criteria. A further obstacle to integrated research alluded to above, involves the many experimental design compromises that must be made by cooperating scientists. Crop and soil scientists for example, use many treatments and replications with small plots, while animal scientists, by necessity, have experiments that involve relatively large numbers of hectares and animal numbers with relatively few treatments and replications. It is therefore extremely difficult to initiate such projects given these inherent differences in crop versus livestock research protocol, as well as to design effective experiments that will provide publishable data. Making compromises on the many factors relevant to integrated crop/livestock research while designing experiments that will provide solutions to pertinent producer problems as well as useful data that can be statistically analyzed and published is, therefore, extremely difficult. C1 [Tanaka, D. L.; Karn, J. F.; Scholljegerdes, E. J.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Tanaka, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM tanakad@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1017/S1742170507002165 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 275AQ UT WOS:000254044700010 ER PT J AU Bateman, HL Chung-MacCoubrey, A Snell, HL AF Bateman, Heather L. Chung-MacCoubrey, Alice Snell, Howard L. TI Impact of non-native plant removal on lizards in riparian habitats in the Southwestern United States SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive/non-native species; lizard; reptile; riparian forest; saltcedar; Tamarix ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; ECOSYSTEMS; RIVER; RESTORATION; PERSPECTIVE; VEGETATION; VALLEY; COMMUNITIES; HISTORY AB natural processes in the riparian cottonwood (Populus deltoides) forest of the Middle Rio Grande (MRG) in the southwestern United States have been disrupted or altered, allowing non-native plants such as saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) to establish. We investigated reptilian responses to restoration efforts by sampling communities of lizards at 12 study sites invaded by non-native plants along the MRG in New Mexico for 7 years (2000-2006). Sites within three regions were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments to remove non-native plants and woody debris, or as untreated controls. We used pitfall and funnel traps to capture, mark, and release lizards from June to September. Principal components analysis of 15 vegetation variables identified five factors that best explained variation among sites before and after removal of non-native plants. Relative abundances for four of six common species of lizards were associated with vegetation characteristics that significantly changed after plant removal. Species were either positively associated with the more open, park-like understory found in treated sites or negatively associated with debris heaps and thickets of non-native plants found in untreated sites. Eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus consobrinus) and New Mexico whiptails (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) increased in relative abundance after non-native plants were removed. Overall, removal of non-native plants seems beneficial, or at least is non-damaging, to lizard communities of the MRG forest. Providing information on habitat associations of lizard communities will help land managers balance management objectives with other considerations, such as providing important wildlife habitat. C1 [Bateman, Heather L.; Chung-MacCoubrey, Alice] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Snell, Howard L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. RP Bateman, HL (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM heather.bateman@gmail.com RI Snell, Howard/N-2455-2015 OI Snell, Howard/0000-0001-8770-7540 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 33 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00361.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EG UT WOS:000254194900020 ER PT J AU Stewart, H Blisard, N AF Stewart, Hayden Blisard, Noel TI Are younger cohorts demanding less fresh vegetables? SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTILE REGRESSION AB The demand for vegetables is expected to increase with trends in the population of the United States. For example, having a college education increases demand, and more Americans are completing college. However, the possibility of a cohort effect has not been considered. A cohort includes people born in the same year, and is similar in concept to a generation. Using data collected over more than twenty years, we find younger cohorts spend less money on fresh vegetables for at-home consumption than their older counterparts do. These effects will decrease demand over time. Changing cooking habits may explain this effect. C1 [Stewart, Hayden; Blisard, Noel] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Stewart, H (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 43 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00391.x PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 271AH UT WOS:000253760800004 ER PT J AU Calvin, L Krissoff, B Foster, W AF Calvin, Linda Krissoff, Barry Foster, William TI Measuring the costs and trade effects of phytosanitary protocols: A US-Japanese apple example SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TECHNICAL BARRIERS AB This article investigates the trade impact of Japan's decision in 2005 to revise its phytosanitary protocol for fire blight for U.S. apple imports but retain its codling moth protocol. The analysis presents a participation model to measure the economic costs of phytosanitary barriers to trade. The model provides an explicit cost of the phytosanitary barriers in terms of the structure of the protocols, an important advantage over the price-wedge methodology. This makes it possible to separate the economic costs of various protocols-in this case, the fire blight and codling moth protocols. C1 [Calvin, Linda; Krissoff, Barry] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Foster, William] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Agr Econ, Santiago, Chile. RP Calvin, L (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OI Foster, William/0000-0002-6164-4307 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 120 EP 135 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00395.x PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 271AH UT WOS:000253760800008 ER PT J AU Varner, T Otto, D AF Varner, Theresa Otto, Daniel TI Factors affecting sales at farmers' markets: An Iowa study SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB The 180 farmers' markets operating in a range of urban to rural communities in Iowa provide a useful setting to evaluate factors affecting sales at these markets. Higher average sales at markets tended to be associated with urban and higher income areas. Only 30% of vendors reported sales greater than $5,000, mostly in the produce category. C1 [Varner, Theresa] USDA, NASS, Calif Field Off, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Otto, Daniel] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Varner, T (reprint author), USDA, NASS, Calif Field Off, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 176 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00398.x PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 271AH UT WOS:000253760800011 ER PT J AU Zhou, WQ Troy, A Grove, M AF Zhou, Weiqi Troy, Austin Grove, Morgan TI Object-based land cover classification and change analysis in the Baltimore metropolitan area using multitemporal high resolution remote sensing data SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE object-based image analysis; post-classification change detection; high-spatial resolution image; urban landscape; Baltimore; LTER ID CHANGE-VECTOR ANALYSIS; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; SENSED DATA; ACCURACY; MISREGISTRATION AB Accurate and timely information about land cover pattern and change in urban areas is crucial for urban land management decision-making, ecosystem monitoring and urban planning. This paper presents the methods and results of an object-based classification and post-classification change detection of multitemporal high-spatial resolution Emerge aerial imagery in the Gwynns Falls watershed from 1999 to 2004. The Gwynns Falls watershed includes portions of Baltimore City and Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. An object-based approach was first applied to implement the land cover classification separately for each of the two years. The overall accuracies of the classification maps of 1999 and 2004 were 92.3% and 93.7%, respectively. Following the classification, we conducted a comparison of two different land cover change detection methods: traditional (i.e., pixel-based) post-classification comparison and object-based post-classification comparison. The results from our analyses indicated that an object-based approach provides a better means for change detection than a pixel based method because it provides an effective way to incorporate spatial information and expert knowledge into the change detection process. The overall accuracy of the change map produced by the object-based method was 90.0%, with Kappa statistic of 0.854, whereas the overall accuracy and Kappa statistic of that by the pixel-based method were 81.3% and 0.712, respectively. C1 [Zhou, Weiqi; Troy, Austin] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, George D Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Grove, Morgan] US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Zhou, WQ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, George D Aiken Ctr, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM wzhou1@uvm.edu; atroy@uvm.edu; jmgrove@gmail.com RI Zhou, Weiqi/G-2427-2010 NR 41 TC 88 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 46 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1613 EP 1636 DI 10.3390/s8031613 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 279FO UT WOS:000254340700015 PM 27879784 ER PT J AU Hawkins, CL Rutledge, EM Savin, MC Shipitalo, MJ Brye, KR AF Hawkins, Carrie L. Rutledge, E. Moye Savin, Mary C. Shipitalo, Martin J. Brye, Kristofor R. TI A sand layer deters burrowing by Lumbricus terrestris L. SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lumbricus terrestris; earthworms; sand; septic systems; wastewater ID SEPTIC-TANK EFFLUENT; SOIL; INFILTRATION; EARTHWORMS; ABUNDANCE; CHANNELS AB Burrows of anecic earthworms that penetrate the infiltrative surface of soil-wastewater treatment system trenches may contribute to preferential flow through soil macropores in septic: system filter fields. Adding a layer of sand on the bottom of the trench, however, may discourage earthworm burrowing. In this laboratory study, we investigated if the particle-size distribution and position of a sand layer would inhibit burrowing by the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. Three earthworms were added to the top of soil columns containing a 3-cm-thick sand layer covered with 2 mm of loamy B-horizon material and underlain by 9 cm of the same material. We repeated this experiment with earthworms placed below the sand layer. In another experiment, the sand layer was covered by, 11.3 cm of soil material to investigate whether worms added to the surface would avoid crossing a sand layer embedded within the columns. No treatments in the surface sand layer experiments prevented all worn-is from establishing burrows. The worms added to the surface, however, took an average of 1.7 to 5 times longer (P <= 0.05) to establish burrows, and earthworm mortality was greater in columns with a surface sand layer compared with the no-sand-layer controls. In the embedded-sand-layer experiment, no worms burrowed past the soil-sand interface, whereas all worms in the controls burrowed past the equivalent depth. Sand particle size distribution did not significantly affect earthworrn burrowing. The results suggest that adding a layer of sand to the bottom of soil treatment system trenches may deter earthworms, but will not restrict burrowing. C1 [Hawkins, Carrie L.; Rutledge, E. Moye; Savin, Mary C.; Brye, Kristofor R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Shipitalo, Martin J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Hawkins, CL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM clhawki@uark.edu OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 186 EP 194 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318163a9ce PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 274YY UT WOS:000254039900003 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Bolster, CH Rowe, DE McLaughlin, MR Brink, GE AF Adeli, Ardeskir Bolster, Carl H. Rowe, Dennis E. McLaughlin, Mickael R. Brink, Geoffrey E. TI Effect of long-term swine effluent application on selected soil properties SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrical conductivity; total carbon; microbial biomass C; total nitrogen; microbial biomass N; water-extractable P ID PHOSPHORUS SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; BROILER LITTER APPLICATION; LAGOON EFFLUENT; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; EXTRACTION METHOD; ELEMENT REMOVAL; FEEDLOT MANURE AB Improving swine effluent management practices requires understanding of the fate of nutrients derived from swine effluent in soil quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term swine lagoon effluent application on nutrient distribution in an alkaline Okolona silty clay, an acidic Vaiden silty clay, and a Brooksville silty clay loam. Swine effluent has been applied using a center-pivot irrigation system at a total rate ranging from 10 to 15 cm ha(-1) of effluent per year since 1990. In October 2005, soil samples were taken from the irrigated and nonirrigated sites at the following depths: 0 to 5, 5 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm. Soils were air-dried, ground to pass 2-mm sieve, and analyzed for selected chemical properties. Sorption isotherms were also performed on the soil samples to determine P sorption capacity and strength. Long-term application of swine effluent resulted in a decrease in soil pH and an increase in soil electrical conductivity in all three soils. Total soil C and microbial biomass C increased in irrigated sites for all soils. Soil ammonium, nitrate, acid-extractable P, water-soluble P, and Zn concentrations were elevated at the 0- to 5-cm and 5- to 15-cm depths, and their values were extremely lower in the alkaline Okolona soil than in the Brooksville and Vaiden soils. No clear effect was observed for P sorption strength and capacity. Low N and P accumulation in alkaline Okolona soil may prolong the capacity of this soil in receiving swine effluent particularly if threshold water-soluble P and soil test P levels are used as part of swine effluent management program. C1 [Adeli, Ardeskir; Bolster, Carl H.; Rowe, Dennis E.; McLaughlin, Mickael R.; Brink, Geoffrey E.] USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Ardeshir.Adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31816408ae PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 274YY UT WOS:000254039900007 ER PT J AU Pereira, TR Laird, DA Thompson, ML Johnston, CT Teppen, BJ Li, H Boyd, SA AF Pereira, Tanya R. Laird, David A. Thompson, Michael L. Johnston, Cliff T. Teppen, Brian J. Li, Hui Boyd, Stephen A. TI Role of smectite quasicrystal dynamics in adsorption of dinitrophenol SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLAY-MINERALS; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; HERBICIDE SORPTION; LAYER CHARGE; ATRAZINE; WATER; MECHANISMS; SURFACES; PESTICIDES AB Understanding sorption mechanisms and processes is critical for predicting the fate of organic pollutants in soils and for development of effective remediation strategies for contaminated soils. A novel suspension x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to elucidate the influence of the size and swelling of K- and Ca-smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions on adsorption of 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC). X-ray diffraction patterns of randomly oriented smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions were compared with diffraction patterns for air-dried and oven-dried oriented films of the same smectites. The XRD patterns reveal that the phenolate form of DNOC, which is predominant in solution with pH >= 4.4, is primarily adsorbed on external surfaces of K-smectite quasicrystals in aqueous suspensions and may enter the interlayers as a K-DNOC complex when K-smectite quasicrystals coalesce. In Ca-smectite suspensions with pH > 4.4, the phenolate form of DNOC is adsorbed only on external surfaces; however, DNOC may become entrapped between substacks within Ca-smectite quasicrystals as the smectite suspension dries to form an oriented film. The neutral form of DNOC (pH <= 4.4) was adsorbed in the interlayers of a low-charge-clensity Ca-smectite in aqueous suspension but not in the interlayers of the high-charge-density Ca-smectite, apparently due to steric restrictions. Clearly, XRD analysis is a valuable toot for gaining insight into interactions between smectites and organic molecules, but caution must be used in extrapolating data based on XRD patterns of air-dried and oven-dried smectite films to processes that may occur in aqueous smectite suspensions. C1 [Laird, David A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pereira, Tanya R.; Teppen, Brian J.; Li, Hui; Boyd, Stephen A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thompson, Michael L.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnston, Cliff T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010; Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0081 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 275GP UT WOS:000254060200007 ER PT J AU Haile-Mariam, S Collins, HP Wright, S Paul, EA AF Haile-Mariam, S. Collins, H. P. Wright, S. Paul, E. A. TI Fractionation and long-term laboratory incubation to measure soil organic matter dynamics SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; CARBON-DATING METHOD; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION; SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND; GRASSLAND SOILS; GLOMALIN; TURNOVER; NITROGEN AB Soil organic matter (SOM) in agricultural soils comprises a significant part of the global terrestrial C pool. It has often been characterized by utilizing a combination of chemical dispersion of the soil followed by physical separation. We fractionated soil samples under continuous corn (Zea mays L) rotations at four long-term sites in the Corn Belt to determine the concentration of C and N associated with soil fractions (light fraction [LF], particulate organic matter [POM], silt size, clay size, and Bradford reactive soil protein [BRSP]) and to identify the change in C concentration and delta C-13 signal of each fraction using laboratory incubations. Light fractions comprised 3 to 5% of the soil organic carbon (SOC), with no significant difference between conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) treatments. The POM fraction accounted for 5 to 11% of the SOC in the soils with >30% clay and 17 to 23% for the soils with <20% clay. The clay-size fraction contained the highest proportion of SOC. Measurement of C-13 during long-term incubation showed that the average mean residence time (MRT) of corn-derived C in the LF was 3.5 yr, whereas the POM fractions ranged from 6 to 12 yr. The C-13 changes during incubation show that both fractions consist of a mixture of active and resistant materials, with movement between fractions. The BRSP has long MRTs except in the NT Hoytville soil. Measurement of the dyna mics of these fractions provides a basis for C models to test the impacts of land use and management on C sequestration. C1 [Collins, H. P.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Haile-Mariam, S.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Wright, S.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Paul, E. A.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hal.collins@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 36 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 370 EP 378 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0126 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 275GP UT WOS:000254060200010 ER PT J AU Purakayastha, TJ Huggins, DR Smith, JL AF Purakayastha, T. J. Huggins, D. R. Smith, J. L. TI Carbon sequestration in native prairie, perennial grass, no-till, and cultivated Palouse silt loam SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CROPPING SYSTEM; MATTER DYNAMICS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PHYSICAL PROTECTION; CORN-BELT; LAND-USE; MANAGEMENT; AGRICULTURE; ROTATION AB Comparative assessments for evaluating soil organic C (SOC) and its characteristics were made at different soil (Palouse silt loam) depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 0-20 cm) among sites with seven contrasting management histories: conventional inversion tillage (CT) followed by no-till (NT) for 4 (NT4) and 28 (NT28) yr; bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) seed production for 9 yr followed by NT for 4 yr (BGNT4); a sequence of 10 yr NT, 3 yr CT and 1 yr NT (NTR); CT followed by 11 yr perennial grass under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRT); long-term > 100 yr CT, and native prairie (NP). Overall ranking of SOC, particlulate organic C (POC), and microbial biomass C (MBC) at 0 to 20 cm, was NP > NTR > NT4 = NT28 > CRP > BGNT4 = CT. Greater SOC, POC, and MBC in NTR than NT28 indicated that tillage rotation could result in more soil C sequestration, primarily by increasing C stocks in 5- to 20-cm depths. The POC was labile in nature as it highly correlated with C(min) (r = 0.69, P < 0.0 1) and MBC (r = 0.86, P < 0.01) as well as SOC (r = 0.89, P < 0.01). We concluded that: (i) neither NT nor conversion to perennial vegetation would attain the SOC found in NP over 10 to 30 yr; and (ii) medium duration of NT (10 yr) combined with short intervals of CT (3 yr) followed by NT might increase SOC compared with continuous long-term NT under annual cropping. C1 [Purakayastha, T. J.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Soil Sci & Agr Chem, New Delhi 110012, India. [Huggins, D. R.; Smith, J. L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pacific W Area Land Management, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Huggins, D. R.; Smith, J. L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Purakayastha, TJ (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Soil Sci & Agr Chem, New Delhi 110012, India. EM tapanjp@iari.res.in NR 48 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 534 EP 540 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0369 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 275GP UT WOS:000254060200028 ER PT J AU Coates, TA Boerner, REJ Waldrop, TA Yaussy, DA AF Coates, T. Adam Boerner, Ralph E. J. Waldrop, Thomas A. Yaussy, Daniel. A. TI Soil nitrogen transformations under alternative management strategies in Appalachian forests SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OAK-HICKORY FOREST; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; HARDWOOD FOREST; FIRE; MINERALIZATION; LANDSCAPE; CHEMISTRY; CARBON; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Once subject to frequent fire and strongly N limited, the forests of the Appalachian Mountain region of eastern North America have experienced almost a century of fire suppression, and changes in tree species composition, understory density and composition, and accumulations of detritus have paralleled the changes in fire frequency In an effort to restore these ecosystems and reduce wildfire hazard, alternative management strategies (prescribed fire, mechanical fuel reduction, and a combination of both) were implemented at study sites in Ohio and North Carolina as part of the Fire and Fire Surrogate Network Study. As changes in N cycling resulting from these treatments could have potential negative impacts on forest health that might limit their usefulness as management alternatives, we monitored treatment effects on extractable total inorganic N (TIN), net N mineralization, net nitrification, and proportional nitrification during the growing season before treatment, the first growing season after treatment, and the third or fourth growing season after treatment. Mechanical treatment resulted in increases in extractable TIN, N mineralization, and nitrification during the first post-treatment year in Ohio and TIN was greater in the mechanical treatment and the mechanical + fire treatment during the third post-treatment year in North Carolina. Net N mineralization was reduced by fire alone in Ohio, but not in North Carolina. Nitrogen transformation rates were 2- to 10-fold higher in Ohio than North Carolina, a difference that may partly result from of the ericaceous shrub understory present in North Carolina but not in Ohio. Impacts of these treatments on N transformations were modest and for the most part transient, and would therefore not eliminate these treatments as viable management strategies for wildfire hazard reduction or ecosystem restoration. C1 [Boerner, Ralph E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Coates, T. Adam] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.] USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Yaussy, Daniel. A.] USDA ARS, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Boerner, REJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM boerner.1@osu.edu OI Yaussy, Daniel/0000-0003-1127-7809 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 558 EP 565 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0313 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 275GP UT WOS:000254060200031 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Sikora, FJ Rasnake, A AF Sistani, K. R. Sikora, F. J. Rasnake, A. TI Poultry litter and tillage influences on corn production and soil nutrients in a Kentucky silt loam soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler litter; poultry manure; corn; tillage; residual nutrients ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; MANURE; PHOSPHORUS; CROP; COTTON; YIELD; FERTILIZATION; AMENDMENT; SYSTEMS; FRESH AB Broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) manure, a rich source of plant nutrients, is generated in large quantities in southeastem USA where many row crops, such as corn (Zea mays L.), are also extensively grown. However, the use of broiler manure as an economical alternative source of nutrients for corn production has not been extensively explored in this region. This study was conducted to examine the use of broiler litter as a source of nutrients for corn production, as influenced by tillage and litter rate, and any residual effects following application. In addition, the consequence of litter application to soil test nutrient levels, particularly P, Zn and Cu, was on a wet weight basis, and one rate of explored. The treatments consisted of two rates of broiler litter application, 11 and 22 Mg ha(-1) chemical fertilizer applied under no-till and conventional tillage systems. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Corn was grown with broiler litter and inorganic fertilizer applied to the same plots each year from 1998 to 2001. In 2002 and 2003, corn was planted no-till, but only N fertilizer was applied in order to make use of other residual litter nutrients. Soil samples were taken yearly in the spring prior to litter application and 4 years after the cessation of litter application to evaluate the status of the residual nutrients in soil. Two years out of the 4-year experiment, broiler litter application produced significantly greater corn grain yield than equivalent chemical fertilizer application and produced similar grain yield in the other 2 years. Corn grain yield was significantly greater under no-till in 1999, but significantly greater under conventional-till in 2000, and no difference between the two tillage systems were observed in 1998 and 2001. With 4 years of litter application, Mehlich-3 P increased from an initial 18 mg ka(-1) to 156 mg kg(-1) with 11 Mg ha(-1) litter and to 257 mg kg(-1) with 22 Mg ha(-1) litter. For every 6 kg ha(-1) of P applied in poultry litter Mehlich-3 P was increased by 1 mg kg-1. Modest increases in Mehlich-3 Cu and Zn did not result in phytotoxic levels. This study indicated that an optimum rate of broiler litter as a primary fertilizer at 11 Mg ha(-1) applied in 4 consecutive years on a silt loam soil produced corn grain yields similar to chemical fertilizer under both no-till and conventional tillage systems and kept soil test P, Cu and Zn levels below values considered to be harmful to surface water quality or the crop. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Sikora, F. J.; Rasnake, A.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Agr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM karamat.sistani@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.still.2007.10.013 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 287ZN UT WOS:000254956100003 ER PT J AU Gilbert, LE Barr, CL Calixto, AA Cook, JL Drees, BM Lebrun, EG Patrock, RJW Plowes, RM Porter, SD Puckett, RT AF Gilbert, Lawrence E. Barr, Charles L. Calixto, Alejandro A. Cook, Jerry L. Drees, Bastian M. Lebrun, Edward G. Patrock, Richard J. W. Plowes, Robert M. Porter, Sanford D. Puckett, Robert T. TI Introducing phorid fly parasitoids of red imported fire ant workers from South America to Texas: Outcomes vary by region and by pseudacteon species released SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DECAPITATING FLY; HOST-SPECIFICITY; CURVATUS DIPTERA; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; FIELD RELEASE; SPP. DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; FLORIDA; TRICUSPIS AB Since the first report on introductions to Texas of Pseudacteon decapitating flies, a variety of participants have released flies in a range of sites. The expansions of Pseudacteon populations have been systematically and widely monitored. Before 2002, the widely released initial species P. tricuspis Borgmeier did not become established. Severe drought in 1996-2001 and host-size-dependent sex ratio were proposed constraints in establishing this species. In recent years, however, these limitations have been lifted in some areas by favorable weather, irrigation of release sites, and/or by use of a smaller Pseudacteon species, P. curvatus Borgmeier, not reliant on larger fire ant workers to produce females. Beginning in 2002, the USDA-APHIS collaboration with USDA-ARS and Texas Cooperative Extension programs began to supplement release sites in Texas beyond those initiated by the University of Texas, Austin phorid fly project. In 2005, private citizens began to participate in the spread of Pseudacteon to new sites. By fall 2006, P. tricuspis, expanding from releases between 1999 and 2001, was found on more than 3 million hectares of Central and Coastal Texas, while P. curvatus, with its later start, is only now beginning to expand at some sites. Pseudacteon that established more easily in mesic and moderate climates has difficulty surviving unfavorable weather in South Texas. However, two sites where flies "failed" to become established were revealed to be false negatives after the record rains of summer 2007. Starting in late 2006, the first releases of P. obtusus Borgmeier in North America established, and three to five additional species are being released. C1 [Gilbert, Lawrence E.; Lebrun, Edward G.; Patrock, Richard J. W.; Plowes, Robert M.] Univ Texas Austin, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gilbert, Lawrence E.; Lebrun, Edward G.; Patrock, Richard J. W.; Plowes, Robert M.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barr, Charles L.; Calixto, Alejandro A.; Drees, Bastian M.; Puckett, Robert T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cook, Jerry L.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Porter, Sanford D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. RP Gilbert, LE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lgilbert@mail.utexas.edu NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-33.1.15 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 295PL UT WOS:000255486300002 ER PT J AU Hellickson, MW Campbell, TA Miller, KV Marchinton, RL DeYoung, CA AF Hellickson, Mickey W. Campbell, Tyler A. Miller, Karl V. Marchinton, R. Larry DeYoung, Charles A. TI Seasonal ranges and site fidelity of adult male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Southern Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE; DRIVE-NET; MOVEMENTS; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS AB Much is known about movements of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). However, relatively few investigations have been directed toward free-ranging male deer and even fewer have involved mature (>= 4 years old) males. Our objectives were to characterize utilization distributions and site fidelity, and to evaluate the subdominant-dominant-floater model using an extensive radiotelemetry dataset collected from male deer >= 1.5 years old in southern Texas. We generated home ranges and core areas of 96 males from 16,696 location estimates collected during January 1993-June 1995. Annual home-range size did not differ among age categories. Males maintained smaller home ranges during spring than during other seasons and old males (>= 7 years old) displayed smaller seasonal home ranges than young or mature males. Deer exhibited greater fidelity to home range during summer than during spring, prerut, and rut seasons. We detected limited evidence supporting the subdominant-dominant-floater model. The high fidelity to home range between years that we saw suggests little between-year shifting; however, annual home-range sizes exceeded the acreage of most private landholdings, which should be considered when formulating management plans. C1 [Campbell, Tyler A.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Hellickson, Mickey W.; Miller, Karl V.; Marchinton, R. Larry] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [DeYoung, Charles A.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[1:SRASFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277FA UT WOS:000254196900001 ER PT J AU Kweon, M Slade, L Levine, H AF Kweon, Meera Slade, Louise Levine, Harry TI Effect of sodium chloride on glass and crystalline melting transitions of wheat starch treated with high hydrostatic pressure: Prediction of solute-induced barostability from nonmonotonic solute-induced thermostability SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE wheat starch; NaCl; high hydrostatic pressure; thermostabilization; barostabilization ID SALT-SOLUTIONS; GELATINIZATION; WATER; DISSOCIATION; STABILITY AB Wheat starch was high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-treated in aqueous solutions with various sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0 to near-saturation), in order to explore the effects of salt on glassy and crystalline transitions of starch during the treatment, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For wheat starch at atmospheric pressure, glass and crystalline melting transitions of amylopectin (reported as gelatinization peak temperature) increased up to 2 M NaCl, and then decreased with further increase in NaCl concentration, but the gelatinization peak temperature was higher in all NaCl solutions than in water alone. In contrast, the melting transition for the amylose-lipid complex (reported as peak temperature) increased continuously with increasing NaCl concentration. When 50% (w/w) starch slurries were HHP-treated in water and various NaCl concentrations (0.1, 2 and 5 M) for 15 min at 25 degrees C, the presence of salt significantly protected glass and crystalline transitions of starch during the HHP treatment. Although the baroprotective effect was maximal near the lyotropic 2 M NaCl concentration [1-5], all NaCl concentrations were more baroprotective than was water alone for HHP-treated wheat starch. As reported previously [6] for corn starches in a lyotropic concentration of NaCl (ionic solvent) or a non-equilibrium concentration of sucrose (glass-forming solvent) [7], solute-induced thermostabilization of the wheat starch gelatinization transition predicted solute-induced barostabilization. C1 [Kweon, Meera] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Slade, Louise; Levine, Harry] Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ USA. RP Kweon, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM meera.kweon@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAR PY 2008 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1002/star.200700669 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 290SX UT WOS:000255143600002 ER PT J AU Gallagher, T Shaffer, B Rummer, B AF Gallagher, Tom Shaffer, Bob Rummer, Bob TI Using short-rotation, intensively managed hardwood plantations as 'green' inventory for southeastern US pulp mills SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB As a routine wood source for a pulp mill, recent studies have shown that intensively managed, short-rotation hardwood plantations are not cost effective. The objective of this study was to determine if these plantations may be cost effective as "green" inventory, replacing some portion of high cost remote woodyard inventory. Three southeastern U.S. pulp mills were used as case studies in a net present value analysis. Short-rotation hardwood plantations of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) were simulated to replace a portion of remote woodyard inventory, with wood delivered to a pulp mill from this "green" inventory only when pulp mill inventory levels became critical. If this "green" inventory is not used, these plantations continue to grow until needed. With current yield from an experimental fiber farm, short-rotation plantations were not cost effective as "green" inventory. However, if yield could be increased approximately 33% through either genetic or cultural improvements, all three pulp mills could have reduced overall wood cost by establishing a fiber farm. Application: This study demonstrates some of the potential benefits and limitations of short-rotation hardwood plantations as a fiber source. C1 [Gallagher, Tom] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Shaffer, Bob] Virginia Tech, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Rummer, Bob] Auburn Univ, US DEpt Agr Forest Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Gallagher, T (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM tgallagher@auburn.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSOC PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 286IG UT WOS:000254839000003 ER PT J AU Fox, RD Derksen, RC Zhu, H Brazee, RD Svensson, SA AF Fox, R. D. Derksen, R. C. Zhu, H. Brazee, R. D. Svensson, S. A. TI A history of air-blast sprayer development and future prospects SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE air-blast sprayers; air jets; future sprayers; spray coverage; tunnel sprayers ID FRUIT-TREES; VOLUME; DEPOSITION; SIMULATION; PRESSURE; ORCHARDS AB The design and operating procedures of air-blast sprayers have been greatly improved over the past 50 years. Early tree and vine spray application equipment used hand-guns that required a large amount of water Later, sprayers with efficient fans, producing large volumes of air at high velocities, were developed for large fruit and nut trees. Recently, apple growers have planted many dwarf and semi-dwarf trees. In general, it is easier to produce more uniform coverage with less drift when spraying small trees than when spraying large trees. Modern designs such as tower, directed jet, and tunnel sprayers should reduce airborne spray drift and produce more uniform coverage. For optimum effectiveness, sprayer air-jet velocity, volume, and droplet spectra should be matched to the tree size, shape, and density. Besides optimizing delivery parameters, future sprayers will likely be required to handle biological materials with a greater variety of physical properties than the standard "chemical" materials used now. In addition, these materials will require spray systems that protect the live spray products from damage from heat, mechanical stress, and other factors that may kill the beneficial organism being applied. C1 [Fox, R. D.; Derksen, R. C.; Zhu, H.; Brazee, R. D.] USDA ARS ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Svensson, S. A.] SUAS, Dept Agr Engn, Alnarp, Sweden. RP Derksen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM rich.derksen@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300006 ER PT J AU Renschler, CS Flanagan, DC AF Renschler, C. S. Flanagan, D. C. TI Site-specific decision-making based on RTK GPS survey and six alternative elevation data sources: Soil erosion predictions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE accuracy; decision-making; erosion; global positioning systems; modeling; topography; watershed; WEPP ID SCALE WATERSHED EVALUATIONS; DEEP-LOESS SOILS; TOPOGRAPHY; MODELS; WEPP; GIS AB Precision farming equipment based on Global Positioning Systems (GPS) enables landowners to gather spatially distributed topographic data in real-time kinematic (RTK) mode, which has the potential to be used in addition to or as substitute for commonly available topographic data sources (e.g., U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic contour lines and/or digital elevation models). The latter are considered insufficiently accurate in their topographical representation of watershed boundaries, slopes, and upslope contributing areas to be able to meaningfully apply detailed process-based soil erosion assessment tools at the field scale. In this second of two articles discussing the usefulness of the available data sets from a decision-maker's perspective, the same comprehensive accuracy tests that were used for these topographical parameters are applied to the spatially distributed soil erosion assessment results simulated by the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model supported by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The impact of the accuracy of six alternative topographical data sources on predicting soil erosion rates using WEPP is compared to on-site soil erosion predictions using elevation measurements from a survey-grade RTK GPS with centimeter accuracy. Results show that the more precise topographic measurements with a photogrammetric survey or any differential GPS units yield more precise on-site soil loss predictions for individual raster cells (0.01 ha) and hillslope areas of interest (0.5 ha). However, the best WEPP predictions for average annual off-site runoff (-18.3% error) and sediment yield (-2.7% error) from upslope contributing areas of about 4 ha within the 30 ha watershed were achieved using the USGS 10 ft contours. These results demonstrate that in this case, the runoff and sediment yield predictions using DEMs based on the commonly available contour lines can be even better than those from the more precise and costly topographic data sets. The contours also allowed successful application of the WEPP model to identify all 11 hillslope areas of interest (0.5 ha) with soil loss (10) or deposition (1) problems that were initially mapped in the field as larger rills and sedimentation areas, respectively. C1 [Renschler, C. S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Natl Ctr Geog Informat & Anal, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. [Flanagan, D. C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Renschler, CS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Natl Ctr Geog Informat & Anal, 116 Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM rensch@buffalo.edu OI Renschler, Chris S./0000-0002-7462-6386 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 413 EP 424 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300008 ER PT J AU Rachman, A Anderson, SH Alberts, EE Thompson, AL Gantzer, CJ AF Rachman, A. Anderson, S. H. Alberts, E. E. Thompson, A. L. Gantzer, C. J. TI Predicting runoff and sediment yield from a stiff-stemmed grass hedge system for a small watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE bench terracing; effective hydraulic conductivity; sediment trapping; switchgrass hedges; WEPP model ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RANGELAND APPLICATIONS; CONCENTRATED FLOW; FILTER STRIPS; SOIL LOSS; WEPP; MODEL; BARRIERS; EROSION AB Grass hedges planted at regular intervals on the landscape offer many opportunities to reduce runoff and sediment from leaving fields. Objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the ability of the WEPP watershed model to simulate grass hedge system effects of sediment trapping (TE), bench terracing (BT), and variable effective soil hydraulic conductivity (HC) on simulated hillslope runoff and sediment yield, and (2) to model the effects of measured effective hydraulic conductivity (K(eff)) values from a grass hedge management system by comparing predicted runoff and sediment yield values to those measured in a small watershed over an 11-year period. The study was conducted on a 6.6 ha watershed located in the deep loess hills region of southwestern Iowa. Narrow grass hedges of predominantly switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were planted at 15.4 m intervals in 1991. The WEPP model simulated greater reductions in runoff (9%) and sediment yield (58%) from BT compared to TE and HC effects. Combination of all three effects gave the highest reductions in runoff (22%) and sediment yield (79%) compared to individual effects or any combination of two effects. The watershed model did not adequately simulate slope length reduction effects from the grass hedges. Runoff (r(2) = 0.78) and sediment yield (r(2) = 0.75) were comparable to observed data when measured Keff values for grass hedge, row crop, and channel areas were used as input data. Measured Keff data from grass hedge, row crop, and channel areas should be used for improved runoff and sediment yield predictions. C1 [Thompson, A. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rachman, A.] Indonesia Ctr Soil & Agroclimate Res & Dev, Bogor, Indonesia. [Anderson, S. H.; Gantzer, C. J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Alberts, E. E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thompson, AL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, 251 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM thompsona@missouri.edu NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300009 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Hunt, PG Millen, JA Johnson, MH Matheny, TA Vanotti, MB Burns, JC AF Stone, K. C. Hunt, P. G. Millen, J. A. Johnson, M. H. Matheny, T. A. Vanotti, M. B. Burns, J. C. TI Forage subsurface drip irrigation using treated swine wastewater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass hay; forage; irrigation; land application; subsurface drip irrigation; swine waste; treated effluent ID LAGOON EFFLUENT; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; LOAMY SAND; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; QUALITY; SOIL AB The rapid expansion of animal production in the eastern U.S. in the 1990s resulted in large quantities of concentrated animal waste that must be utilized or disposed of in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner. To address these environmental concerns for wastewater utilization, we installed a subsurface drip irrigation system to apply treated swine wastewater effluent for bermudagrass hay production. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) for treated wastewater effluent applications. The specific objectives for the SDI system were to compare bermudagrass hay production using (1) commercial and wastewater effluent for nutrients, (2) two SDI lateral spacings (0.6 and 1.2 m) installed at 0.3 m below the surface, and (3) two irrigation application rates based on calculated evapotranspiration (ETc) requirements (75% or 100%). The two-year study measured hay yields, hay biomass, soil nutrients, and soil water nutrients. The SDI system was successfully operated for two years applying effluent and commercial fertilizer to supply the nutrient requirements of the bermudagrass hay. Bermudagrass hay production for 2004 and 2005 ranged from 5.65 to 14 Mg ha(-1). Results from the SDI system indicated no significant differences between the SDI lateral spacings or irrigation application rates. Treatments using wastewater effluent had significantly higher hay yields and significantly higher nutrient biomass removal rates than the commercial fertilizer treatments. Nitrate-N observed in soil water lysimeters increased with depth, indicating the potential for leaching without proper management. Soil nitrogen and carbon were not significantly different for any of the treatments but did vary slightly over the life of the project. C1 [Stone, K. C.; Hunt, P. G.; Millen, J. A.; Johnson, M. H.; Matheny, T. A.; Vanotti, M. B.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Burns, J. C.] NCSU, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Ken.stone@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300010 ER PT J AU Rowland, DL Leffler, AJ Sorensen, RB Dorner, JW Lamb, MC AF Rowland, D. L. Leffler, A. J. Sorensen, R. B. Dorner, J. W. Lamb, M. C. TI Testing the efficacy of deuterium application for tracing water uptake in peanuts SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE deuterium; irrigation; peanut; water use ID STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; LEAF WATER; IRRIGATION; PLANTS; YIELD; TREES; ENRICHMENT; COTTON; ROOTS; ACQUISITION AB The ability to determine how long a crop utilizes a given amount of water either from an applied irrigation or from a precipitation event would have great potential in improving irrigation decision systems. However, technical methodologies available to accomplish this measurement are almost entirely unavailable and untested. Experiments were conducted to quantify water movement through soil and peanut plants using deuterium-labeled water applied to simulate a typical irrigation or rainfall event. Soil at four depths and stem tissue samples were collected after the deuterium was applied. The first experiment in Greenville soil was conducted over a 24 It period in order to determine how much water was utilized in a fully charged soil profile. The second experiment in Tifton soil was conducted over a four-day period starting with a relatively dry soil profile in order to determine how long a peanut plant could utilize applied water. Differences in soil water infiltration between overhead irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation were observed, but there was no effect on subsequent peanut water uptake patterns between the two peanut cultivars, Georgia Green and Andru II. The duration of water uptake after a simulated irrigation or precipitation event appears to be between 48 and 72 h for peanut plants. The study demonstrated the utility of applying deuterium-labeled water in order to follow soil infiltration and plant water uptake patterns in a peanut agricultural system. C1 [Rowland, D. L.; Sorensen, R. B.; Dorner, J. W.; Lamb, M. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Leffler, A. J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Rowland, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM Diane.Rowland@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 455 EP 461 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300012 ER PT J AU DeTar, WR Chesson, JH Penner, JV Ojala, JC AF DeTar, W. R. Chesson, J. H. Penner, J. V. Ojala, J. C. TI Detection of soil properties with airborne hyperspectral measurements of bare fields SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE band selection; bare fields; hyperspectral imagery; multiple linear regression; precision agriculture; remote sensing; soils map; soil properties; spectral indices ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE AB Remote sensing with aircraft-based sensors can provide the fine resolution required for site-specific farming. The within-field spatial distribution of some soil properties was found by using multiple linear regression to select the best combinations of wave bands, taken from among a full set of 60 narrow bands in the wavelength range of 429 to 1010 nm. The resulting regression equations made it possible to calculate the value of the soil property at every pixel, with a spatial resolution of 1.2 m. Both surface and subsurface samples of soil were taken from the center of each of 321 equal-sized grids on 128 ha of recently seeded and nearly bare soil. The soil samples were tested in a laboratory for 15 different properties. The percent sand in surface samples was found to be detectable with a reasonable degree of accuracy with R-2 = 0.806 for a four-parameter model; the best combination of wavelengths was 627, 647, 724, and 840 nm. For silt, clay, chlorides, electrical conductivity, and phosphorous, the results were somewhat less satisfactory with a range of 0.66 < R-2 < 0.76. The poorest fit was for carbon with R-2 = 0.27. Organic matter and saturation percentage had R-2 < 0.49. For the remaining properties, i.e., pH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, and bicarbonates, the correlation was intermediate and statistically significant, but with a great deal of scatter around the regression lines. An example of an image map was produced showing the percent sand at every pixel location in one field. New spectral indices were developed; one index (I = R-763 - 0.85*R-753 - 0.24*R-657 - 0.40*R-443) was found to work well with five of the soil properties (EC, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl), indicating some commonality in the manner in which they affected the reflectance from the soil surface, possibly due to a salinity effect. Multiple linear regressions were also run on every possible combination of four broader bands in the blue, green, red, and near-infrared regions of the spectrum, resulting in R2 values lower than with the various combinations of narrow bands. The main findings were that (1) some soil properties can be accurately detected using airborne remote sensing over nearly bare fields, and (2) it is possible to produce a fine-resolution, farm-size, soils map showing the in-field distribution of these properties. C1 [DeTar, W. R.; Chesson, J. H.; Penner, J. V.; Ojala, J. C.] USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP DeTar, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM bill.detar@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300013 ER PT J AU Veith, TL Sharpley, AN Arnold, JG AF Veith, T. L. Sharpley, A. N. Arnold, J. G. TI Modeling a small, northeastern watershed with detailed, field-level data SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE data uncertainty; model accuracy; statistical analysis; SWAT; water quality ID PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; RUNOFF GENERATION; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT MODEL; SCALE; SOIL; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; TOOL AB Time, resource, and replication constraints limit the practicality of conducting agricultural experimental studies at scales larger than plot-level. Thus, watershed-level models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are increasingly used to forecast effects of land management changes on downstream water quality. With the generalization in scale, the question of effect of generalization in input data arises. That is, to what extent does having field-level, daily input data for a watershed model aid in the ability to predict watershed-scale, water quality impacts. The study site, FD-36, is a 39.5 ha agricultural subwatershed of a long-term USDA-ARS study watershed in south central Pennsylvania. FD-36 is characterized by loamy soils with a substantial near-stream fragipan. Fifty percent of FD-36 includes 24 row-cropped fields from three independently managed farms. Two SWAT scenarios were simulated on FD-36 and compared with each other as well as with measured data over two 4-year periods (1997-2000 and 2001-2004). The high-resolution scenario modeled seasonal crop, fertilizer, and tillage events of each row-cropped field continuously over the 8-year period The low-resolution scenario treated all row-cropped fields as the same generic crop (AGRR in SWAT). Flow depth predictions at the outlet were similar for the two SWAT scenarios. While both scenarios showed higher levels of soil water in the fragipan soils than the surrounding soils, the high-resolution scenario was able to identify field-to-field distinctions due to the increased detail in input data. In general, model results were more defined at the field-level under the high-resolution scenario and followed patterns expected from knowledge about soil science, hydrology, P transport, and the characteristics of the study watershed. However, the time spent collecting, understanding, entering, and error-checking input data required for the high-resolution scenario was on the order of months, while full data collection for the low-resolution scenario took several days. Results suggest that while detailed input data can enable the model to provide valuable water quality information, research efficiency during exploratory and initial problem-solving efforts might be maximized by using more easily obtained, although more general, data. C1 [Veith, T. L.] USDA ARS, PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sharpley, A. N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Veith, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSWMRU, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tamie.veith@ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 471 EP 483 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300014 ER PT J AU Wei, H Nearing, MA Stone, JJ Breshears, DD AF Wei, H. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. Breshears, D. D. TI A Dual Monte Carlo approach to estimate model uncertainty and its application to the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE decision making; model predictive uncertainty; RHEM; soil erosion ID PREDICTION; WEPP; GLUE; SENSITIVITY AB Natural resources models serve as important tools to support decision making by predicting environmental indicators. All model predictions have uncertainty associated with them. Model predictive uncertainty, often expressed as the confidence interval around a model prediction value, may serve as important supplementary information for assisting decision making processes. In this article, we describe a new method called Dual Monte Carlo (DMC) to calculate model predictive uncertainty based on input parameter uncertainty. DMC uses two Monte Carlo sampling loops, which enable model users to not only calculate the model predictive uncertainty for selected input parameter sets of particular interest, but also to examine the predictive uncertainty as a function of model inputs across the full range of parameter space. We illustrate the application of DMC to the process-based, rainfall event-driven Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM). The results demonstrate that DMC effectively generated model predictive uncertainty from input parameter uncertainty and provided information that could be useful for decision making. We found that for the model RHEM, the uncertainty intervals were strongly correlated to specific model input and output parameter values, yielding regression relationships (r(2) > 0.97) that enable accurate estimation of the uncertainty interval for any point in the input parameter space without the need to run the Monte Carlo simulations each time the model is used. Soil loss predictions and their associated uncertainty intervals for three example storms and three site conditions are used to illustrate how DMC can be a useful tool for directing decision making. C1 [Wei, H.; Nearing, M. A.; Stone, J. J.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Breshears, D. D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Breshears, D. D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Wei, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM haiyan.wei@ars.usda.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300017 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Sojka, RE AF Bjorneberg, D. L. Sojka, R. E. TI Effects of anew polysaccharide-based amendment on furrow irrigation infiltration and erosion SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE infiltration; PAM; polyacrylamide; soil erosion ID WATER INFILTRATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE; SEDIMENT; POLYMERS; LOSSES; AGRICULTURE; DISPERSION; RUNOFF AB Controlling soil erosion on furrow-irrigated fields is essential to maintain productivity and reduce off-site impacts. Identifying effective alternatives to polyacrylamide (PAM) is desired for continued, affordable irrigation erosion control. We compared the effectiveness of a new polysaccharide/PAM amendment with water-soluble, high molecular weight, anionic PAM in two furrow-irrigated field tests in southern Idaho. Test I evaluated three rates of the polysaccharide/PAM amendment (6, 12, and 18 mg L-1 of polysaccharide/PAM), two rates of PAM (2 and 10 mg L-1 of PAM), 10 mg L-1 polysaccharide, and a control during two irrigations in a fallow field. Treatments were applied as a solution with furrow inflow water during irrigation advance. Test 1 results indicated that polysaccharide/PAM amendment could improve infiltration and reduce sediment loss compared to untreated furrows, but its effectiveness seemed to diminish when amendment application stopped. Polysaccharide alone did not significantly effect infiltration, runoff, or sediment loss compared to the control for either irrigation, whereas the polysaccharide/PAM amendment significantly increased infiltration and reduced sediment loss for one irrigation. Test 2 compared polysaccharide/PAM amendment and PAM, both applied at either 2 mg L-1 (active ingredient) continually during irrigation (dissolved treatments) or as a 20 g per furrow of dry material near the furrow inflow point (patch treatments), during four irrigations on a dry bean field. Both amendments significantly increased cumulative infiltration and decreased cumulative runoff and sediment loss compared to untreated furrows. Dissolved polysaccharide/PAM increased cumulative infiltration 19% compared to the control, while dissolved PAM, patch polysaccharide/PAM, and patch PAM treatments increased cumulative infiltration 13%, 11%, and 7%, respectively, compared to the control. Dissolved and patch PAM and dissolved and patch polysaccharide/PAM treatments significantly reduced cumulative sediment loss 98%, 90%, 65%, and 49%, respectively, compared to the untreated furrows. These test results indicate that the polysaccharide/PAM amendment can be used as an alternative, albeit less effective, to PAM for reducing sediment loss from furrow-irrigated fields. C1 [Bjorneberg, D. L.; Sojka, R. E.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Solis Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Solis Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM dave.bjorneberg@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300019 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Kincaid, DC AF Lentz, R. D. Kincaid, D. C. TI Polyacrylamide treatments for reducing seepage in soil-lined reservoirs: A field evaluation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cross-linked polyacrylamide; hydrogel; infiltration; PAM; superabsorbents; water-soluble polyacrylamide ID INHIBITING WATER INFILTRATION; 2 NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; SEAL FORMATION; SANDY SOIL; PONDS; CONDITIONER AB Irrigation water supplies are becoming limited, and there is a need to extend the usefulness of current water resources. Previous laboratory studies demonstrated that certain water-soluble polyacrylamide solution (WSPAM) and cross-linked PAM granule (XPAM) treatments effectively reduced infiltration into soils. We evaluated the efficacy of these treatments for reducing water seepage losses in an unlined irrigation reservoir. Five treatments were applied to plots on the lower side slopes of a reservoir basin before it was filled in April 2001: controls; 0.016 kg m(-2) WSPAM (1000 mg L-1 solution); 0.2 kg m(-2) XPAM + 0.13 kg m(-2) NaCl; 0.4 kg m(-2) XPAM + 0.13 kg m(-2) NaCl; and 0.8 kg m(-2) XPAM only. Ring-cylinder seepage meters installed in each experimental plot were used to monitored seepage rates from May through October in 2001 and 2002, without further treatment applications. The WSPAM and XPAM treatments were equally effective for reducing pond seepage in 2002 but not 2001. On average, they reduced mean seepage rates an average 50% relative to the 22.4 mm h(-1) control value and prevented the loss of 19.7 m of water through the seepage rings over the two irrigation seasons. The 0.016 kg m(-2) WSPAM and 0.2 kg m(-2) XPAM + 0.13 kg m(-2) NaCl treatments are most cost effective, but the greater XPAM rates appeared to be the most durable treatments, since they retained their efficacy through the end of the second irrigation season. Results are consistent with a previous study suggesting that adding NaCl to XPAM treatments reduced required XPAM inputs without reducing treatment efficacy. The WSPAM and XPAM treatments provide several effective options for reducing seepage losses in earthen reservoirs. C1 [Lentz, R. D.; Kincaid, D. C.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Solis Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Solis Res Lab, 3793 N,3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM rick.lentz@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 535 EP 544 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300020 ER PT J AU Ganesan, V Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA AF Ganesan, V. Muthukumarappan, K. Rosentrater, K. A. TI Effect of flow agent addition on the physical properties of DDGS with varying moisture content and soluble levels SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE CaCO3; Carr indices; DDGS; flowability; flow agent; solubles ID ANTI-CAKING AGENTS; ANTICAKING AGENTS; POWDERS; CONDITIONERS AB Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) is widely recognized as a highly nutritious animal feed ingredient. With the exponential growth of the fuel ethanol industry in the past several years, significant quantities of distillers grains are now being produced. To effectively utilize these feeds in the domestic market, these coproduct streams have to be transported greater distances, and must be stored in various structures until final use. Unfortunately, DDGS flow is often problematic, as it frequently becomes restricted by caking and bridging during storage and transport. This issue may arise from a number of factors, including storage moisture, temperature, relative humidity, particle size, time, or temperature variations. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of various moisture content levels (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% d.b.) and calcium carbonate (a common flow agent) levels (0%, 1% and 2% w.b.) on the resulting physical and flow properties (Carr indices) of DDGS with varying soluble levels (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% d.b.). The results showed that DDGS flowability declined with increased soluble and moisture content levels. Flow agent (CaCO3) addition did not have a significant effect in improving the flow properties of DDGS. This may have been due to no surface affinity between DDGS and the flow agent particles, or too little inclusion of the flow agent. C1 [Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Ganesan, V.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Rosentrater, K. A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Muthukumarappan, K (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 1400 N Campus Dr,SAE 225 Box 2120, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 591 EP 601 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300026 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Berry, ED Eigenberg, RA Marx, DB Woodbury, BL AF Gilley, J. E. Berry, E. D. Eigenberg, R. A. Marx, D. B. Woodbury, B. L. TI Spatial variations in nutrient and microbial transport from feedlot surfaces SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; feedlots; manure management; manure runoff; microorganisms; nitrogen movement; nutrient losses; phosphorus; runoff; water quality ID BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOT; SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WITHIN-PEN LOCATION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; PLOT-SCALE; RUNOFF; QUALITY; MANURE; MANAGEMENT; STATE AB Nutrient and microbial transport by runoff may vary at different locations within a beef cattle feedlot. If the areas making the largest contributions to nutrient and microbial transport can be identified, it may be possible to institute site-specific management practices to reduce runoff nutrient and microbial transport. The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure selected feedlot soil properties and nutrient and microbial transport in runoff from various feedlot locations, (2) compare the effects of unconsolidated surface materials (USM) (loose manure pack) and consolidated subsurface materials (CSM) (compacted manure and underlying layers) on nutrient and microbial transport, and (3) determine if nutrient and microbial transport in runoff are correlated to selected feedlot soil characteristics. Simulated rainfall events were applied to 0.75 m wide by 2 m long plots. No significant differences (P < 0.05) in feedlot soil characteristics or nutrient transport in runoff were found between USM and CSM. However, concentrations of E. coli were significantly greater in the USM than the CSM. Pen location was found to significantly influence feedlot soil measurements of Bray-1P, calcium, chloride, copper, electrical conductivity (EC), loss on ignition, organic N, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur, total N (TN), water-soluble P, and zinc. Runoff measurements of dissolved phosphorus (DP), EC, and NH4-N were significantly influenced by pen location and were correlated to selected feedlot soil characteristics. Thus, it may be possible to estimate DP, EC, and NH4-N in runoff from selected feedlot soil parameters. C1 [Gilley, J. E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Berry, E. D.; Eigenberg, R. A.; Woodbury, B. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Room 251 Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 675 EP 684 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300035 ER PT J AU Buser, MD Wanjura, JD Whitelock, DP Capareda, SC Shaw, BW Lacey, RE AF Buser, M. D. Wanjura, J. D. Whitelock, D. P. Capareda, S. C. Shaw, B. W. Lacey, R. E. TI Estimating FRM PM10 sampler performance characteristics using particle size analysis and collocated TSP and PM10 samplers: Cotton gins SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cutpoint; particulate matter; penetration curve; PM10 sampler; slope; TSP sampler ID PM-10; INLETS AB In the U.S., regional air quality compliance with national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) is based on concentration measurements taken by federal reference method (FRM) samplers. The EPA specifies the performance criteria for the FRM samplers. These criteria for the FRM PM10 samplers are defined as a cutpoint and slope of 10 +/- 0.5 mu m and 1.5 +/- 0.1, respectively. It is commonly assumed that the performance characteristics of the FRM PM10 sampler do not vary and are independent of the PM characteristics. Several sources have observed errors in the concentrations measured by the FRM PM10 samplers and have suggested that shifts in the sampler performance characteristics may lead to the observed concentration measurement errors. Limited work has been conducted on quantifying the shift in the performance characteristics of the FRM PM10 sampler operating under field conditions. Recent work at a south Texas cotton gin showed that true PM10 concentrations were 55% of the concentrations measured by the FRM PM10 sampler If the FRM PM10 sampler were operating within the performance criteria range specified by the EPA, then the true concentrations would be within approximately 12% of the concentrations measured by the FRM PM10 sampler The focus of this work was to quantify the shifts in the cutpoint and slope of the penetration curve of the FRM PM10 sampler Results show that the cutpoint and slope of the FRM PM10 sampler shifted substantially and ranged from 13.8 to 34.5 mu m and from 1.7 to 5.6, respectively, when exposed to large PM as is characteristic of agricultural sources. These shifts in the cutpoint and slope of the FRM PM10 sampler resulted in overestimation of true PM10 concentrations by 145% to 287%. C1 [Buser, M. D.; Wanjura, J. D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Whitelock, D. P.] USDA ARS, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM USA. [Capareda, S. C.; Shaw, B. W.; Lacey, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Buser, MD (reprint author), 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM mike.buser@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 695 EP 702 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300037 ER PT J AU Ariana, DP Lu, R AF Ariana, D. P. Lu, R. TI Detection of internal defect in pickling cucumbers using hyperspectral transmittance imaging SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE bruises; cucumbers; defects; hyperspectral imaging; transmittance ID APPLES; TRANSMISSION; CONTAMINANTS; INSPECTION; CARCASSES; IMAGERY; BRUISES; SYSTEM; INJURY AB Internal quality is an important aspect in the quality control and assurance of pickled products. A rapid and nondestructive method for internal defect detection would be of value to the pickle industry. A hyperspectral transmittance imaging technique was developed to detect internal defect in the form of carpel suture separation or hollow cucumbers resulting from dropping and rolling under load. Hyperspectral transmittance line scan images were collected from 'Journey' and 'Vlaspik' cucumbers over the six-day period after they were subjected to mechanical stress. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on mean and standard deviation spectra extracted from the hyperspectral transmittance images to classify cucumber samples into defective or normal classes. A spectral-based pixel classification method using Euclidean distance was applied to classify pixels along the spatial dimension of the image into normal or defective class. The transmittance spectra of defective cucumbers were similar in shape to, but higher in magnitude than, those of normal cucumbers. Transmittance values for both defective and normal cucumbers were higher in the near-infrared range of 700-1000 nm than those in the visible range (450-700 mn). Average classification accuracies of 90.2%, 98.7%, and 95.4% were achieved using PLS-DA, whereas accuracies of 89.1%, 94.6%, and 90.5% were achieved using the spectral-based pixel classification method for Journey, Vlaspik, and the pooled data, respectively. The hyperspectral transmittance imaging technique can be used for rapid detection of internal defect in pickling cucumbers. C1 [Ariana, D. P.; Lu, R.] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 705 EP 713 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300038 ER PT J AU Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, C. Everitt, J. H. Bradford, J. M. TI Yield estimation from hyperspectral imagery using spectral angle mapper (SAM) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imagery; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); remote sensing; spectral angle mapper (SAM); yield estimation; yield monitor ID VEGETATION INDEXES; DISCRIMINATION; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; AIRBORNE; LEAF AB Vegetation indices (VIs) derived from remotely sensed imagery are commonly used to estimate crop yields. Spectral angle mapper (SAM) provides an alternative approach to quantifying the spectral differences among all pixels in an image and therefore has the potential for mapping yield variability. The objective of this study was to apply the SAM technique to airborne hyperspectral imagery for mapping yield variability. Airborne hyperspectral imagery was acquired from two grain sorghum fields in south Texas, and yield data were collected using a grain yield monitor SAM images were generated from the hyperspectral images based on six reference spectra extracted directly from the hyperspectral images and four reflectance spectra measured on the ground. Statistical analysis showed that the ten SAM images for each field produced similar correlation coefficients with yield. For comparison, all 5151 possible narrow-band normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) were derived from the 102-band images and related to yield. Results showed that the SAM images based on the soil reference spectra provided higher correlation coefficients with yield than 75% and 92% of the 5151 narrow-band NDVIs for fields 1 and 2, respectively. Like an NDVI image, a SAM image can be easily generated from a hyperspectral image to characterize the spatial variability in yield. Moreover, since the best NDVI typically varies with yield datasets, a SAM image based on a single reference spectrum can be a better representation of yield variability if actual yield data are not available for the identification of the best NDVI. The results from this study indicate that the SAM technique can be used alone or in conjunction with other VIs for yield estimation from hyperspectral imagery. C1 [Yang, C.; Everitt, J. H.; Bradford, J. M.] USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 729 EP 737 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301XI UT WOS:000255929300040 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Smith, WK AF Johnson, Daniel M. Smith, William K. TI Cloud immersion alters microclimate, photosynthesis and water relations in Rhododendron catawbiense and Abies fraseri seedlings in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE altitude; climate change; diffuse light; fog; photoinhibition; transpiration ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAIN-FOREST; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ALPINE PLANTS; PHOTON YIELD; GAS-EXCHANGE; CARBON GAIN; PHOTOINHIBITION; MONTANE; UNDERSTORY AB The high altitude spruce-fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret.-Picea rubens Sarg.) forests of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA, experience frequent cloud immersion. Recent studies indicate that cloud bases may have risen over the past 30 years, resulting in less frequent forest cloud immersion, and that further increases in cloud base height are likely in the event of continued climate warming. To assess the impact of this trend on the regeneration of high altitude spruce-fir forests and the migration of plant communities, in particular the encroachment of spruce-fir forests and Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. islands into adjacent grass bald communities, we investigated effects of cloud immersion on photosynthetic parameters of seedlings of Abies fraseri and R. catawbiense in a grass bald site and A. fraseri in a forest understory. Although photosynthetic photon flux was 4.2 to 19.4-fold greater during clear conditions, cloud immersion had no effect on photosynthesis in A. fraseri at either site, whereas it reduced photosynthesis of R. catawbiense by about 40%. However, cloud immersion increased mean leaf fluorescence by 7.1 to 12.8% in both species at both sites. Cloud immersion increased mean relative humidity from 65 to 96%, reduced transpiration by 95% and reduced mean leaf-to-air temperature difference from 6.6 to 0.5 degrees C. C1 [Smith, William K.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Johnson, Daniel M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, WK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM smithwk@wfu.edu RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 20 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 385 EP 392 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 274ZF UT WOS:000254040600007 PM 18171662 ER PT J AU Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Franco, AC Hoffmann, WA AF Goldstein, Guillermo Meinzer, Frederick C. Bucci, Sandra J. Scholz, Fabian G. Franco, Augusto C. Hoffmann, William A. TI Water economy of Neotropical savanna trees: six paradigms revisited SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Tropical Savannas and Seasonally Dry Forests CY SEP 14-20, 2003 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE cerrado; nighttime transpiration; tropical savannas; water deficit; water uptake ID ROOT XYLEM EMBOLISM; SOIL-WATER; HYDRAULIC LIFT; BRAZILIAN CERRADO; TROPICAL SAVANNA; SAP FLOW; GAS-EXCHANGE; FUNCTIONAL CONVERGENCE; PREDAWN DISEQUILIBRIUM; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AB Biologists have long been puzzled by the striking morphological and anatomical characteristics of Neotropical savanna trees which have large scleromorphic leaves, allocate more than half of their total biomass to belowground structures and produce new leaves during the peak of the dry season. Based on results of ongoing interdisciplinary projects in the savannas of central Brazil (cerrado), we reassessed the validity of six paradigms to account for the water economy of savanna vegetation. (1) All savanna woody species are similar in their ability to take up water from deep soil layers where its availability is relatively constant throughout the year. (2) There is no substantial competition between grasses and trees for water resources during the dry season because grasses exclusively explore upper soil layers, whereas trees access water in deeper soil layers. (3) Tree species have access to abundant groundwater, their stomatal control is weak and they tend to transpire freely. (4) Savanna trees experience increased water deficits during the dry season despite their access to deep soil water. (5) Stomatal conductance of savanna species is low at night to prevent nocturnal transpiration, particularly during the dry season. (6) Savanna tree species can be classified into functional groups according to leaf phenology. We evaluated each paradigm and found differences in the patterns of water uptake between deciduous and evergreen tree species, as well as among evergreen tree species, that have implications for regulation of tree water balance. The absence of resource interactions between herbaceous and woody plants is refuted by our observation that herbaceous plants use water from deep soil layers that is released by deep-rooted trees into the upper soil layer. We obtained evidence of strong stomatal control of transpiration and show that most species exhibit homeostasis in maximum water deficit, with midday water potentials being almost identical in the wet and dry seasons. Although stomatal control is strong during the day, nocturnal transpiration is high during the dry season. Our comparative studies showed that the grouping of species into functional categories is somewhat arbitrary and that ranking species along continuous functional axes better represents the ecological complexity of adaptations of cerrado woody species to their seasonal environment. C1 [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bucci, Sandra J.; Scholz, Fabian G.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, CONICET, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Bucci, Sandra J.; Scholz, Fabian G.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Biol, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Franco, Augusto C.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Hoffmann, William A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 28695 USA. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM goldstein@bio.miami.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Hoffmann, William/E-8894-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Hoffmann, William/0000-0002-1926-823X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 87 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 22 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 395 EP 404 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 274ZF UT WOS:000254040600009 PM 18171663 ER PT J AU Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Franco, AC Miralles-Wilhelm, F AF Scholz, Fabian G. Bucci, Sandra J. Goldstein, Guillermo Meinzer, Frederick C. Franco, Augusto C. Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando TI Temporal dynamics of stem expansion and contraction in savanna trees: withdrawal and recharge of stored water SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Tropical Savannas and Seasonally Dry Forests CY SEP 14-20, 2003 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE capacitance; cerrado; electronic dendrometers; plant-water relations; sap flow; sopwood ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; SAP-FLOW; DIAMETER VARIATIONS; DISSIPATION PROBES; DIURNAL CHANGES; SCOTS PINE; TRANSPIRATION; XYLEM; PATTERNS; STORAGE AB Relationships between diel changes in stem expansion and contraction and discharge and refilling of stem water storage tissues were studied in six dominant Neotropical savanna (cerrado) tree species from central Brazil. Two stem tissues were studied, the active xylem or sapwood and the living tissues located between the cambium and the cork, made up predominantly of parenchyma cells (outer parenchyma). Outer parenchyma and sapwood density ranged from 320 to 410 kg m(-3) and from 420 to 620 kg m(-3), respectively, depending on the species. The denser sapwood tissues exhibited smaller relative changes in cross-sectional area per unit change in water potential compared with the outer parenchyma. Despite undergoing smaller relative changes in cross-sectional area, the sapwood released about 3.5 times as much stored water for a given change in area as the outer parenchyma. Cross-sectional area decreased earlier in the morning in the outer parenchyma than in the sapwood with lag times up to 30 min for most species. The relatively small lag time between dimensional changes of the two tissues suggested that they were hydraulically well connected. The initial morning increase in basal sap flow lagged about 10 to 130 min behind that of branch sap flow. Species-specific lag times between morning declines in branch and main stem cross-sectional area were a function of relative stem water storage capacity, which ranged from 16 to 31% of total diurnal water loss. Reliance on stored water to temporarily replace transpirational losses is one of the homeostatic mechanisms that constrain the magnitude of leaf water deficits in cerrado trees. C1 [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.; Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.; Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Franco, Augusto C.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM goldstein@bio.miami.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 24 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 469 EP 480 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 274ZF UT WOS:000254040600015 PM 18171669 ER PT J AU de Capdeville, G Beer, SV Wilson, CL Aist, JR AF de Capdeville, Guy Beer, Steven V. Wilson, Charles L. Aist, James R. TI Some cellular correlates of harpin-induced resistance to blue mold of apples SO TROPICAL PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Penicillium expansum; Malus domestica; Red Delicious; alternative control ID ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ELICITOR; TANNINS; FRUITS AB Harpin is a protein produced by Erwinia amylovora that is involved in its pathogenesis of apple. We studied cellular correlates of harpin-induced resistance in apple fruit to blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum using Light (LM), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. SEM Study of wound surfaces showed the fungus colonizing the wounds within 48 h, and profuse colonization of the wound and penetration of the tissue occurred within 72 h after inoculation of control samples. In harpin-treated samples, spore germination and wound colonization were not evident until 96 h. LM showed that intramural mycelial growth appeared as early as 72 h, and intense tissue colonization occurred by 96 h after inoculation in the control samples. In the harpin-treated fruit, spore germination and wound colonization occurred only by 144 h in the treated specimens. Numerous putative tannin vacuoles and appositions were observed in the epidermal and hypodermal cells of inoculated harpin-treated samples, but only a few appeared in control samples. TEM showed that intramural growth of the fungus occurred frequently in the controls. In harpin-treated specimens, wall depositions and appositions Occurred very frequently. The results Suggest that harpin may trigger or intensify cellular responses in harpin-treated apples. C1 [de Capdeville, Guy] Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Beer, Steven V.; Aist, James R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wilson, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP de Capdeville, G (reprint author), Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM guy@cenargen.embrapa.br FU Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds [NYC-153410]; College of Agriculture and Life Science from Cornell University FX This research was supported mostly by the Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds, Project No. NYC-153410, received from Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and in part by all Arthur Boller Research Grant from the College of Agriculture and Life Science from Cornell University. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The first author was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq during the completion of his Ph.D. program at Cornell University. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC BRASILEIRA FITOPATHOLOGIA PI BRASILIA D F PA CAIXA POSTAL 04482, 70919-970 BRASILIA D F, BRAZIL SN 1982-5676 J9 TROP PLANT PATHOL JI Trop. Plant Pathol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 339KU UT WOS:000258577300004 ER PT J AU Fabis, JJ Szkudlarek, L Risatti, GR Sura, R Garmendia, AE Van Kruiningen, HJ AF Fabis, J. J. Szkudlarek, L. Risatti, G. R. Sura, R. Garmendia, A. E. Van Kruiningen, H. J. TI Herpetiform genital lesions in a heifer with mucosal disease SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine herpesvirus; bovine virus diarrhea; mucosal disease; rinderpest; vulva ID BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; VIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; CATTLE; SPECIMENS; STRAIN; BVDV; GENE AB A 14-month-old heifer with a 17-day history of unresponsive bloody diarrhea was necropsied. There were focal, pink-red erosions of the nares and hard palate; ulcers and fissures of the tongue; and multiple ulcerative lesions of the alimentary canal. Interdigital skin of both rear limbs was ulcerated and bleeding; and the margins of the vulva contained punctiform red ulcers. The gross lesions were consistent with mucosal disease. Histopathology and laboratory testing ruled out rinderpest, foot-and-mouth disease, and vesicular stomatitis, and identified bovine virus diarrhea virus to be the cause of this disease. Lesions of the vulva similar to those seen in some stages of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis were negative for bovine herpesvirus-1 and tested positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen by immunohistochemistry. C1 [Fabis, J. J.; Risatti, G. R.; Sura, R.; Garmendia, A. E.; Van Kruiningen, H. J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Szkudlarek, L.] USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Hartford, CT USA. RP Van Kruiningen, HJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Herbert.vankruiningen@uconn.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1354/vp.45-2-212 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 285GU UT WOS:000254766100016 PM 18424837 ER PT J AU Ibeagha-Awemu, EM Lee, JW Ibeagha, AE Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Zhao, X AF Ibeagha-Awemu, Eveline M. Lee, Jai-Wei Ibeagha, Aloysius E. Bannerman, Douglas D. Paape, Max J. Zhao, Xin TI Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces increased expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and downstream TLR signaling molecules in bovine mammary epithelial cells SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; TLR4 and TLR2; signal transduction; bovine mammary epithelial cells; mastitis ID NF-KAPPA-B; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; REAL-TIME PCR; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WALL COMPONENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; UP-REGULATION; CUTTING EDGE AB Bovine mammary epithelial cells contribute to the innate immune response to intramammary infections by recognizing pathogens through specialized pattern recognition receptors. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one such receptor that binds and is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, MAC-T cells ( a bovine mammary epithelial cell line) were incubated in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of LPS for 24 h. Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were analyzed at both mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA of both receptors were up-regulated by all concentrations of LPS used ( P < 0.01). Similarly, flow cytometry with specific antibodies against TLR2 and TLR4 detected increased surface expression of these proteins. Furthermore, expression of downstream TLR4 signaling molecules was examined by qPCR following varying exposure times to 1 mu g/mL of LPS. Results demonstrate that the required adaptor molecules and transcription factors were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. Both the MyD88 dependent and independent pathways in TLR4 signaling were activated in MACT cells. Expression of TOLLIP increased in response to LPS as did the pro-apoptotic protease, CASP8. These results suggest that the bovine mammary epithelium possesses the necessary immune repertoires required to achieve a robust defense against E. coli. The current findings, coupled with previous findings that S. aureus ligands induce up-regulation of TLR4, may indicate a positive adaptation by mammary epithelial cells to effectively respond to different types of mastitis pathogens. C1 [Ibeagha-Awemu, Eveline M.; Ibeagha, Aloysius E.; Zhao, Xin] McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Quebec City, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Lee, Jai-Wei] Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Trop Agr & Int Cooperat, Neipu 912, Pingtung, Taiwan. [Bannerman, Douglas D.; Paape, Max J.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, X (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 21111 Lakeshore Rd,Ste Anee De Bellevue, Quebec City, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM xin.zhao@mcgill.ca RI Zhao, Xin/M-4312-2015 OI Zhao, Xin/0000-0002-1078-7332 NR 49 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 14 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 AR 11 DI 10.1051/vetres:2007047 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 283GC UT WOS:000254623700001 PM 18096120 ER PT J AU Nfon, CK Ferman, GS Toka, FN Gregg, DA Golde, WT AF Nfon, Charles K. Ferman, Geoffrey S. Toka, Felix N. Gregg, Douglas A. Golde, William T. TI Interferon-alpha production by swine dendritic cells is inhibited during acute infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS; IMMUNE EVASION; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; BLOOD; PIGS; PATHOGENESIS; DYSFUNCTION; RESPONSES; SUBSETS AB Viruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade the innate immune response, particularly the actions of interferons (IFNs). We have previously reported that exposure of dendritic cells (DCs) to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro yields no infection and induces a strong type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) response, indicating that DCs may play a critical role in the innate response to the virus. In vivo, FMDV induces lymphopenia and reduced T-cell proliferative responses to mitogen, viral effects that may contribute to evasion of early immune responses. In this study we analyzed the in vivo effects of FMDV infection on the IFN-alpha response of two populations of dendritic cells. During the acute phase of infection of swine, production of IFN-alpha from monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and skin-derived DCs (skin DCs) is inhibited. This effect occurs concurrently with rising viral titers in the blood; however, these cells are not productively infected. Interestingly, there are no changes in the capability of these DCs to take up particles and process antigens, indicating that antigen-presenting cell function is normal. These data indicate that inhibition of the IFN-alpha response of dendritic cell populations from blood and skin by FMDV enhances viral pathogenesis in infected animals. C1 [Nfon, Charles K.; Ferman, Geoffrey S.; Toka, Felix N.; Gregg, Douglas A.; Golde, William T.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM william.golde@ars.usda.gov RI Toka, Felix/C-4853-2011 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1089/vim.2007.0097 PG 10 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 286EZ UT WOS:000254830000008 PM 18355124 ER PT J AU Cunha, CW Traul, DL Taus, NS Oaks, JL O'Toole, D Davitt, CA Li, H AF Cunha, Cristina W. Traul, Donald L. Taus, Naomi S. Oaks, J. Lindsay O'Toole, Donal Davitt, Christine A. Li, Hong TI Detection of ovine herpesvirus 2 major capsid gene transcripts as an indicator of virus replication in shedding sheep and clinically affected animals SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ovine herpesvirus 2; lytic replication; malignant catarrhal fever; gammaherpesvirus; RT-PCR ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; BISON BISON-BISON; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NASAL SECRETIONS; INTRANASAL INOCULATION; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; PATHOMORPHOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; LYMPHOCYTES AB The aim of this study was to identify tissues where ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) replication occurs in vivo. A reverse-transcriptase PCR targeting the OvHV-2 major capsid protein gene (ORF 25) was developed and the presence of transcripts used as an indicator of virus replication in naturally infected sheep, and cattle and bison with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF). ORF 25 transcripts were detected in 18 of 60 (30%) turbinate, trachea, and lung samples from five sheep experiencing a shedding episode; 12 of the 18 positive samples were turbinates. ORF 25 transcripts were not detected in any other tissue from the shedding sheep (n = 55). In contrast, 86 of 102 (84%) samples from clinically affected bovine and bison tissues, including brain, kidney, intestine, and bladder, had ORF 25 transcripts. The data strongly suggest that OvHV-2 replication is localized to the respiratory tract of shedding sheep, predominantly in the turbinate, while it occurs in virtually all tissues of cattle and bison with SA-MCF. These findings represent an important initial step in understanding viral pathogenesis, and in potentially establishing a system for OvHV-2 propagation in vitro. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cunha, Cristina W.; Traul, Donald L.; Taus, Naomi S.; Li, Hong] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Oaks, J. Lindsay] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [O'Toole, Donal] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Davitt, Christine A.] Washington State Univ, Franceschi Microscopy & Imaging Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cunha, CW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM cwcunha@vetmed.wsu.edu; dtraul@AspenBioPharma.com; tausns@vetmed.wsu.edu; loaks@vetmed.wsu.edu; DOT@uwyo.edu; davcmd@wsu.edu; hli@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.10.016 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 275YU UT WOS:000254109100008 PM 18054405 ER PT J AU Yang, YJ Goodrich, JA Clark, RM Li, SY AF Yang, Y. Jeffrey Goodrich, James A. Clark, Robert M. Li, Syluana Y. TI Modeling and testing of reactive contaminant transport in drinking water pipes: Chlorine response and implications for online contaminant detection SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adaptive early warning; contaminant detection; water distribution; convection-dispersion-reaction model; chlorine residual loss; chlorination; drinking water quality; aldicarb ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; WARFARE AGENTS; NETWORKS; FLOWS; TURBULENCE; RESIDUALS; REACTORS; REMOVAL; QUALITY; DECAY AB A modified one-dimensional Danckwerts convection-dispersion-re action (CDR) model is numerically simulated to explain the observed chlorine residual loss for a "slug" of reactive contaminants instantaneously introduced into a drinking water pipe of assumed no or negligible wall demand. in response to longitudinal dispersion, a contaminant propagates into the bulk phase where it reacts with disinfectants in the water. This process generates a U-shaped pattern of chlorine residual loss in a time-series concentration plot. Numerical modeling indicates that the residual loss curve geometry (i.e., slope, depth, and width) is a function of several variables such as axial Peclet number, reaction rate constants, molar fraction of the fast- and slow-reacting contaminants, and the quasi- steady-state chlorine decay inside the "slug" which serves as a boundary condition of the CDR model. Longitudinal dispersion becomes dominant for less reactive contaminants. Pilot-scale pipe flow experiments for a non-reactive sodium fluoride tracer and the fast-reacting aldicarb, a pesticide, were conducted under turbulent flow conditions (Re = 9020 and 25,000). Both the experimental results and the CDR modeling are in agreement showing a close relationship among the aldicarb contaminant "slug", chlorine residual loss and its variations, and a concentration increase of chloride as the final reaction product. Based on these findings, the residual loss curve and its geometry are useful tools to identify the presence of a contaminant "slug" and infer its reactive properties in adaptive contaminant detections. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yang, Y. Jeffrey; Goodrich, James A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Clark, Robert M.] Environm Engn Consultant, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. [Li, Syluana Y.] USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Yang, YJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM yang.jeff@epa.gov NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6-7 BP 1397 EP 1412 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.10.009 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 291BF UT WOS:000255166600006 ER PT J AU Haznedaroglu, BZ Bolster, CH Walker, SL AF Haznedaroglu, B. Z. Bolster, C. H. Walker, S. L. TI The role of starvation on Escherichia coli adhesion and transport in saturated porous media SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; bacterial starvation; bacterial transport ID CELL-SURFACE PROPERTIES; POINT FLOW CHAMBER; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; PARALLEL-PLATE; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; GROWTH-PHASE; KINETICS; SURVIVAL AB The influence of bacterial starvation on cell transport has been examined using two Escherichia coli isolates: one from human (HU) and one from dairy cattle (DC). To better understand the fate of starved bacteria, experiments were conducted in a packed bed column using cells that had been incubating at room temperature without nutrients for 6, 12, and 18 h, as well as cells, which had not been starved (referred to as time zero). Complimentary cell characterization techniques were conducted to evaluate the hydrophobicity, mobility, size, and surface charge density of the cells at the conditions considered. it was observed that non-starved HU cells were more adhesive than starved HU cells. This behavior is attributed to the relatively high hydrophobicity of the starved cells, which resulted from greater extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) presence. Non-starved DC cells were also the most adhesive whereas 18 h starved cells were the least adhesive, although cell characterization results did not correlate to transport trends like HU cells. For both isolates, the cells after 6 h of starvation showed high levels of sugar relative to protein in the EPS. Additionally, following 6 h of starvation, the cells did not follow expected transport trends as anticipated from the cellular characterization. Our results suggest transport behavior of environmental E. coli isolates differs in terms of isolate host and starvation conditions. Possible mechanisms responsible for this are changes in key cell surface characteristics and synthesis of starvation-induced proteins. This study highlights the importance of consistency in bacterial preparation for experimental studies and has considerable implications for future evaluation and prediction of E. coli fate in subsurface environments. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haznedaroglu, B. Z.; Walker, S. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bolster, C. H.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Walker, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM swalker@engr.ucr.edu RI Haznedaroglu, Berat/A-6467-2011 OI Haznedaroglu, Berat/0000-0002-0081-8801 NR 61 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6-7 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.10.042 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 291BF UT WOS:000255166600021 PM 18037467 ER PT J AU Chastant, JE Fioranelli, PB King, DT AF Chastant, Jennifer E. Fioranelli, Paul B. King, D. Tommy TI Fledgling double-crested cormorants rehearse a food manipulation technique with woody debris, algae, and shells SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Double-crested Cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; fledgling behavior; forage technique; food item manipulation ID HERRING GULLS; AGE; ADULT; BEHAVIOR; IMMATURE; ABILITY AB Fledgling Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were observed practicing food manipulation techniques with large sticks, algae, and shells at their respective natal colonies in eastern Lake Ontario, North Channel of Lake Huron, and Lake of the Woods. Although practice behaviors have been documented for other species of waterbirds, this behavior has not been recorded previously for Double-crested Cormorants. C1 [Chastant, Jennifer E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fioranelli, Paul B.; King, D. Tommy] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Chastant, JE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jec352@msstate.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[147:FDCRAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 298DI UT WOS:000255666200019 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD Hoagland, RE Weaver, MA AF Boyette, C. Douglas Hoagland, Robert E. Weaver, Mark A. TI Interaction of a bioherbicide and glyphosate for controlling hemp sesbania in glyphosate-resistant soybean SO WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biocontrol agent; bioherbicide; Colletotrichum truncatum; glyphosate; synergistic interaction ID COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MYCOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; WEED MANAGEMENT; PATHOGENS; EXALTATA; HERBICIDES; EMULSION AB The bioherbicidal fungus, Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & Moore, was tested at different inoculum concentrations alone and in combination with, prior to or following treatment with different rates of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) (Roundup Ultra) for the control of hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata [Raf.] Rydb. ex A.W. Hill) in Roundup Ready soybean field plots. Colletotrichum truncatum and glyphosate were applied in all pair-wise combinations of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 x 10(6) spores mL(-1) (i.e. 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 x 10(11) spores ha(-1)), and 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, and 1.2 kg ha(-1), respectively. Weed control and disease incidence were enhanced at the two lowest fungal and herbicidal rates when the fungal spores were applied after glyphosate treatment. The application of the fungus in combination with or prior to glyphosate application at 0.30 kg ha(-1) resulted in reduced disease incidence and weed control regardless of the inoculum's concentration. At the highest glyphosate rates, the weeds were controlled by the herbicide alone. These results suggest that it might be possible to utilize additive or synergistic herbicide and pathogen interactions to enhance hemp sesbania control. C1 [Boyette, C. Douglas; Hoagland, Robert E.; Weaver, Mark A.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Weaver, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mark.weaver@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1444-6162 J9 WEED BIOL MANAG JI Weed Biol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00269.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 272WE UT WOS:000253891100003 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD Hoagland, RE Weaver, MA Reddy, KN AF Boyette, C. Douglas Hoagland, Robert E. Weaver, Mark A. Reddy, Krishna N. TI Redvine (Brunnichia ovata) and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) controlled under field conditions by a synergistic interaction of the bioherbicide, Myrothecium verrucaria, with glyphosate SO WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bioherbicide; Brunnichia ovata; Campsis radicans; interaction; Myrothecium verrucaria ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; KUDZU PUERARIA-LOBATA; COLLETOTRICHUM-COCCODES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ISOLATE; THIDIAZURON; HERBICIDES; RESISTANT; MYCOHERBICIDE; OBTUSIFOLIA AB In field experiments conducted near Stoneville, MS, USA, in 2000 and 2001, the bioherbicidal fungus, Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar: Fr., was tested alone and in combination with a glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) product for controlling natural infestations of the invasive vines, redvine (Brunnichia ovata [Walt.] Shinners) and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans [L.] Seem. ex Bureau). After 12 days, redvine and trumpetcreeper were controlled by 88% and 90%, respectively, through a synergistic interaction between the fungus and the herbicide, glyphosate. The disease symptomatology was characterized by rapid necrosis of the leaf and stem tissues, with mortality occurring within 72 h. Neither glyphosate alone, nor M. verrucaria alone, controlled these weeds at commercially acceptable levels (>= 80%). No visual disease or herbicide damage occurred to the soybean in the treated test plots 12 days after planting. These results suggest that some formulations of glyphosate, mixed with M. verrucaria, can effectively control redvine and trumpetcreeper. C1 [Boyette, C. Douglas; Hoagland, Robert E.; Weaver, Mark A.; Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Boyette, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM doug.boyette@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1444-6162 J9 WEED BIOL MANAG JI Weed Biol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00272.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 272WE UT WOS:000253891100006 ER PT J AU Sanyal, D Bhowmik, PC Reddy, KN AF Sanyal, Debanjan Bhowmik, Prasanta C. Reddy, Krishna N. TI Effects of surfactants on primisulfuron activity in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis [L.] Beauv.) SO WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barnyardgrass; contact angle; green foxtail; primisulfuron; surfactant ID ISOLATED PLANT CUTICLES; FOLIAR UPTAKE; CONTACT-ANGLE; EFFICACY; CHLORSULFURON; NICOSULFURON; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; ABSORPTION AB Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to measure the contact angle of primisulfuron droplets with and without surfactants on the leaf surfaces of barnyardgrass and green foxtail, to determine the primisulfuron activity on these weed species, and to examine the spray deposit of primisulfuron with and without surfactants on the leaf surface of green foxtail using scanning electron microscopy. A non-ionic surfactant (NIS) and an organosilicone wetting agent (OWA) were used. The contact angles of 1 mu L droplets were measured on the leaf surface using a goniometer. The activity of primisulfuron on barnyardgrass and green foxtail was assessed at 3 weeks after treatment based on visual injury and the fresh weight. The contact angles of the droplets of primisulfuron on the adaxial surface of the barnyardgrass and green foxtail leaves were 152 degrees and 127 degrees, respectively, when applied without surfactant. The addition of either surfactant markedly reduced the contact angle for both weed species, which was lowest when the OWA was added to primisulfuron. The percentage injury of barnyardgrass was very low, even at the higher rate of primisulfuron, regardless of the surfactant. Primisulfuron at 40 g ha(-1) controlled 43% of green foxtail without surfactant, which increased to 65% with the NIS and 83% with the OWA. Primisulfuron with a surfactant markedly reduced the fresh weight of green foxtail compared with primisulfuron applied alone, regardless of the primisulfuron rate and surfactant type. The scanning electron micrographs showed a uniform deposit of spray droplets, with close contact of the droplets to the leaf epicuticular surface in green foxtail in the presence of a surfactant compared with no surfactant. The enhanced primisulfuron activity on green foxtail with surfactants was related to the reduced contact angle and uniform deposition of the primisulfuron spray droplets on the leaf surface. C1 [Sanyal, Debanjan; Bhowmik, Prasanta C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, So Wees Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sanyal, D (reprint author), Monsanto Agron Ctr, 1677 80th St, Monmouth, IL 61462 USA. EM debanjan.sanyal@monsanto.com NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1444-6162 J9 WEED BIOL MANAG JI Weed Biol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00273.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 272WE UT WOS:000253891100007 ER PT J AU Foley, ME AF Foley, Michael E. TI Temperature and moisture status affect afterripening of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) seeds SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ageing; dormancy; germination; weed ID GERMINATION; HUMIDITY; DORMANCY; BUDS AB Increasing the germination potential of dormant seeds in a population over time generally requires afterripening. Research was conducted to study the relationship between temperature and seed moisture content on afterripening of dormant leafy spurge seeds. Germination of nonafterripened seeds was 59 and 36% after 21 d for the Harwood and Fargo populations, respectively. Germination of 85 to 87% and 58 to 62% was obtained for the Harwood and Fargo populations, respectively when afterripened for 12 to 24 wk under the most effective conditions of 30 C and 2.6% seed moisture; increasing the afterripening temperature to 45 C did not increase germination. Germination decreased slightly at 30 C as the seed moisture content increased to 5.6%, but germination still exceeded that of nonafterripened seeds. Afterripening at 30 C with a seed moisture content of >= 9% greatly decreased germinability due to seed ageing. A temperature of 5 C was effective for afterripening when the moisture content was 3.3%, but germination was still slightly less than for the low moisture content seeds afterripened at 30 C. Afterripening seeds with 6 to 13% moisture at 5 C generally did not increase germination compared with the control, but did not result in seed ageing. C1 USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foley, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1605 Albercht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM michael.foley@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1614/WS-07-155.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 274YT UT WOS:000254039400009 ER PT J AU Anderson, JV AF Anderson, James V. TI Emerging technologies: An opportunity for weed biology research SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM james.Anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2008)56[281:ETAOFW]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 274YT UT WOS:000254039400015 ER PT J AU Chao, WS AF Chao, Wun S. TI Real-time PCR as a tool to study weed biology SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dormancy; fluorescent chemistries; leafy spurge; normalization; real-time PCR ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; LEAFY SPURGE; DNA AMPLIFICATION; DORMANCY STATUS; RT-PCR; QUANTIFICATION; BUDS; NORMALIZATION AB Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), also known as quantitative PCR, is used to determine relative gene expression or to quantify exact levels of mRNA in cells or tissues. Before the advent of real-time PCR, the major difficulty associated with traditional quantitative or semiquantitative PCR was to ensure that PCR reactions were quantified within the exponential phase of amplification. Real-time PCR alleviates that problem by detecting and quantifying fluorescent signals after each amplification cycle. Additionally, it does not require running gels and thus is able to produce data in 2 to 3 h. Four different types of chemistries, DNA-binding agents (SYBR Green), hydrolysis probes (TaqMan), hairpin probes (molecular beacons, scorpions), and fluorescent-labeled hybridization probes (Light Cycler), have been commonly used for real-time PCR. Among those chemistries, SYBR Green is the most economical choice. We have used real-time PCR and SYBR Green to examine the expression of a number of leafy spurge genes after growth induction and during normal seasonal growth. Because no reliable endogenous reference genes have been identified in leafy spurge, we performed PCR without an endogenous reference gene and analyzed messenger RNA (mRNA) expression based on the threshold cycle (C-T) value of amplification. Excluding an endogenous reference gene from that data analysis was rather straightforward and reliable if RNA was properly prepared and quantified. Given that genomic tools, such as expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and their expression profiles are lacking for most weedy species, avoiding the use of endogenous reference genes in real-time PCR simplifies the optimization process and reduces the cost tremendously. However, we found that using a passive reference dye (ROX) to normalize non-PCR-related fluctuations in fluorescent signal is desirable. C1 USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1650 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM wun.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1614/WS-07-063.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 274YT UT WOS:000254039400017 ER PT J AU Uresk, DW Juntti, TA AF Uresk, Daniel W. Juntti, Thomas A. TI Monitoring Idaho fescue grasslands in the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming, with a modified Robel pole SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE standing herbage; livestock; grazing; Robel pole; visual obstruction readings; cluster analysis ID VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; STANDING CROP; VEGETATION AB The reliability of monitoring visual obstruction and estimating standing herbage with a modified Robel pole was examined for high-elevation meadows in sedimentary soils on the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming. Our objectives were to (1) test a modified pole graduated with 1.27-cm (0.5-inch) bands for estimating standing herbage based on linear regression of visual obstruction readings (VORs) on standing herbage, (2) validate the derived regression, (3) provide sample size estimates, and (4) develop guidelines for monitoring mountain grasslands. Each transect had 20 visual obstruction stations spaced 10 meters apart with 4 visual obstruction readings at each station. At 4 stations, vegetation within a 0.25-m(2) area was clipped at ground level. VORs and clipped standing herbage were averaged by transect for analysis. Visual obstruction reliably predicted average standing herbage (dry weights) for mountain meadows (r(2) = 0.81,s((x) over bar) = 382 kg.ha(-1)). Standing herbage ranged from 387 kg.ha(-1) to 3930 kg.ha(-1), with a mean of 1742 kg.ha(-1). A validation data set of 13 transects sampled across the range of variation in standing crop showed that 85% of transects fell within the 90% prediction limits. We recommend a minimum of 4 transects for monitoring key areas or small areas tip to 259 ha (640 acres) when managers need to consider differences in VOR bands and address multiple objectives. Cluster analyses (ISODATA) applied to the pole readings resulted in 4 visual obstruction categories: short, short-intermediate, tall-intermediate, and tall. This tool provides a simple, reliable, and cost-effective (time-saving) alternative to clipping vegetation and obtaining dry weights for monitoring. C1 [Uresk, Daniel W.; Juntti, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Uresk, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ureska@rap.midco.net NR 23 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[1:MIFGIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290ER UT WOS:000255106600001 ER PT J AU Stroh, CL De Steven, D Guntenspergen, GR AF Stroh, Chrissa L. De Steven, Diane Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina Bay wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE depressional wetlands; drought cycles; hydrologic regime; succession ID UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN; SOUTH-CAROLINA; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; DEPRESSION WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; SEED BANKS; HYDROLOGY; FORESTS; GROWTH; USA AB Carolina bays and similar depression wetlands of the U.S. Southeastern Coastal Plain have hydrologic regimes that are driven primarily by rainfall. Therefore, climate fluctuations such as drought cycles have the potential to shape long-term vegetation dynamics. Models suggest two potential long-term responses to hydrologic fluctuations, either cyclic change maintaining open emergent vegetation, or directional succession toward forest vegetation. In seven Carolina bay wetlands on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, we assessed hydrologic variation and vegetation response over a 15-year period spanning two drought and reinundation cycles. Changes in pond stage (water depth) were monitored biweekly to monthly each year from 1989-2003. Vegetation composition was sampled in three years (1989, 1993, and 2003) and analyzed in relation to changes in hydrologic conditions. Multi-year droughts occurred prior to the 1989 and 2003 sampling years, whereas 1993 coincided with a wet period. Weiland plant species generally maintained dominance after both wet and dry conditions, but the abundances of different plant growth forms and species indicator categories shifted over the 15-year period. Decreased hydroperiods and water depths during droughts led to increased cover of grass, upland, and woody species, particularly at the shallower wetland margins. Conversely, reinundation and longer hydroperiods resulted in expansion of aquatic and emergent species and reduced the cover of flood-intolerant woody and upland species. These semi-permanent Upper Coastal Plain bays generally exhibited cyclic vegetation dynamics in response to climate fluctuation, with wet periods favoring dominance by herbaceous species. Large basin morphology and deep ponding, paired with surrounding upland forest dominated by flood-intolerant pines, were features contributing to persistence of herbaceous vegetation. Drought cycles may promote directional succession to forest in bays that are smaller, shallower, or colonized by flood-tolerant hardwoods. C1 [Stroh, Chrissa L.] Coll Charleston, Environm Studies Program, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [De Steven, Diane] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20706 USA. RP Stroh, CL (reprint author), NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 20 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1672/06-117.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290IT UT WOS:000255117200002 ER PT J AU White, PJ Lemke, TO Tyers, DB Fuller, JA AF White, Patrick J. Lemke, Thomas O. Tyers, Daniel B. Fuller, Julie A. TI Initial effects of reintroduced wolves Canis lupus on bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis dynamics in Yellowstone National Park SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; Canis lupus; Ovis canadensis; population dynamics; recruitment; survival; wolves; Yellowstone ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; HABITAT SELECTION; WOLF RESTORATION; MARKED ANIMALS; ELK POPULATION; SURVIVAL; RATES; MODELS AB Wolves Canis lupus may naturally achieve densities that contribute to significant changes in prey populations and entire ecosystems. We analyzed a time series of counts, index of recruitment, and estimates of survival for bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis during 1995-2005 to evaluate the prediction that sheep numbers would decrease in the northern portion of Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming, USA, owing to lower survival and recruitment following wolf reintroduction. The number of wolves residing in the northern range increased from 21 to a maximum of 106 in response to an abundant elk Cervus elaphus population and legal protection. Counts of bighorn sheep decreased following the severe winter of 1997, but then increased by 7% annually during 1998-2005 (95% CI: 2-11%). Recruitment followed a similar temporal pattern, decreasing to 7-11 lambs/100 ewes during the severe winter of 1997 and the following winter, but then increasing to 21-34 lambs/100 ewes during 1998-2005. Annual estimates of survival for 14 adult females and four males 1-3 years old were high (0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-0.97) and indicative of an increasing or constant population. Thus, the presence of wolves did not prevent the bighorn sheep population from increasing slowly during the decade following reintroduction. However, sheep counts remain low compared to the 487 sheep observed before an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis caused 60% mortality during 1982, suggesting that other factors limited the recovery of this relatively isolated, high-elevation, native sheep population. Increases in abundance and recruitment of bighorn sheep during 1998-2005 were concurrent with a 50% decrease in the numbers of northern Yellowstone elk after wolf reintroduction. Thus, the potential effects of decreased competition for resources between elk and bighorn sheep on lamb recruitment and sheep population growth merit further investigation. C1 [White, Patrick J.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Lemke, Thomas O.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Livingston, MT 59047 USA. [Tyers, Daniel B.] Natl Forest Serv, Gardiner, MT 59030 USA. [Fuller, Julie A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP White, PJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. EM pj_white@nps.gov; tlemke@mt.gov; dtyers@fs.fed.us; jfuller@mymail.msu.montana.edu NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 34 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[138:IEORWC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 301US UT WOS:000255921800016 ER PT J AU White, JD Faaborg, J AF White, Jennifer D. Faaborg, John TI Post-fledging movement and spatial habitat-use patterns of juvenile Swainson's Thrushes SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOOD THRUSHES; SURVIVAL; PERIOD; MANAGEMENT; PHILOPATRY; DISPERSAL; SIZE; CARE AB We used radio telemetry to study post-fledging dispersal patterns Of juvenile Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) in central coastal California from 2000 to 2002. We followed 30 different broods during the dependent period and 35 juveniles after independence. Adults with dependent juveniles had two types of movements, drifting and stationary, similar to those described for Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). All juveniles established at least One post-fledging dispersal area (n = 29) after independence and most (62%) established it seconds therefore, most home ranges were comprised Of disjunct dispersal areas. Median home range (95% fixed-kernel) and core (50% fixed-kernal) areas were 2.0 ha (range = 0.2-9.0) and 0.41 ha (range respectively. Juveniles pent from 3 to 39 days in different post-fledging dispersal areas; they generally had a primary dispersal area where they spent the majority of their tune. Juveniles spent an average of 22.7 +/- 1.5 days in primary and 9.6 +/- 0.9 days in secondary dispersal areas. The median post-fledging dispersal distance was 147 in (range = 28-1,040 m) for initial dispersal from a brood-rearing area and 418 111 (range = 154-2,624 m) for Subsequent dispersal movements. Initial dispersal was not directed however, final dispersal (brood-rearing area to final location) was directed to the northwest for all plots combined and west for one plot. We suggest that post-fledging and spatial habitat-use Patterns are affected by adult breeding strategies. and by spatially and temporally clumped resources. C1 [White, Jennifer D.; Faaborg, John] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP White, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Puerto Rico Conservat Fdn, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA,Sabana Field Res Stn, HC 02 Box 6205, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. EM jend.white@gmail.com FU GAANN; University of Missouri-Columbia Canon National Parks Science; National Park Service; Marin Audubon Society FX The Avian Ecology Group at the University of Missouri and two anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on this Manuscript. We thank the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (especially Daphne Hatch) and the Point Reyes National Seashore (especially Sarah Allen) for ongoing support of bird monitoring and research. We are grateful for the general support of PRBO, especially Geoffrey Geupel, Nils Warnock, and Thomas Gardali. We also thank PRBO's Terrestrial Ecology Division field crew, especially Roy Churchwell, Jill Harley. Chris Rintoul, and Viola Toniolo for help in the field. This project was funded by a GAANN fellowship. University of Missouri-Columbia Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program, the National Park Service, National Park Service Fee Demonstration Project. and the Marin Audubon Society. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1676/06-142.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 346EH UT WOS:000259050800006 ER PT J AU Kavas, MF Eggleston, G Parkin, G White, B Sezer, G Pardoe, K AF Kavas, M. Fusun Eggleston, G. Parkin, G. White, B. Sezer, G. Pardoe, K. TI Comparative study of copper reduction, chromatographic and enzymatic methods to determine reducing sugars in molasses SO ZUCKERINDUSTRIE LA English DT Article DE molasses; reducing sugars; chromatographic methods; copper reduction methods; enzymatic method ID DETERIORATION AB With more processing of sugarcane or sugarbeet for fuel alcohol production, there is an increasing emphasis on the minimizing of losses from fermentable reducing sugars to improve alcohol yields. Consequently, methods to measure reducing sugars in molasses and other sugar products have become more important. In a collaborative study, reducing sugars in six molasses samples from the USA, UK, Turkey, South Africa and Brazil were measured using copper reduction (Luff Schoorl and Lane & Eynon), chromatographic (HPLC and IC), and enzymatic ICUMSA methods. The final molasses samples included two beet molasses, two cane factory molasses, and two cane sugar refinery molasses. Precision and mean results were compared. The Lane & Eynon method had consistently the best precision. Precision was worst in the enzymatic and chromatographic methods. Overall the quality of precision was in the order of: Lane & Eynon > Luff Schoorl > HPLC = IC > Enzymatic. The copper reduction methods (particularly Luff Schoorl) significantly (P < 0.01) and consistently over-estimated "apparent" sucrose in molasses, as compared to the more accurate chromatographic results, because they measure all reducing substances present. HPLC generally gave slightly, but significantly, higher mean results than IC. The new ICUMSA enzymatic method (Draft Method No. 8) correlated well with both copper reduction and chromatographic methods, but tended to under-estimate sucrose contents. However, enzymatic results were close (not significantly different) to IC results, suggesting that the enzymatic method could be more accurate than copper reduction methods and, therefore, warrant further investigation. C1 [Eggleston, G.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Kavas, M. Fusun; Sezer, G.] Turkish Sugar Inst, Ankara, Turkey. [Parkin, G.; Pardoe, K.] British Sugar, Wissington, LA USA. [White, B.] Louisiana State Univ, Ag Ctr, Sugar Inst, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU VERLAG DR ALBERT BARTENS PI BERLIN 38 PA LUCKHOFFSTRASSE 16, D-14129 BERLIN 38, GERMANY SN 0344-8657 J9 ZUCKERINDUSTRIE JI Zuckerindustrie PD MAR PY 2008 VL 133 IS 3 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 299AG UT WOS:000255727600001 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Yu, JJ Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ Varga, J Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Nierman, WC Campbell, BC AF Kim, Jong H. Yu, Jiujiang Mahoney, Noreen Chan, Kathleen L. Molyneux, Russell J. Varga, John Bhatnagar, Deepak Cleveland, Thomas E. Nierman, William C. Campbell, Bruce C. TI Elucidation of the functional genomics of antioxidant-based inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phenolic compounds; Aspergillus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; chemogenomics; alkyl hydroperoxide reductase; peroxiredoxin ID TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE; YAP-1 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; TARGET GENE; RAT-LIVER; YEAST; HEPATOCYTES; GLUTATHIONE AB Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 12 mM) added to a fat-based growth medium reduces > 95% of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357, Without affecting fungal growth. Microarray analysis of caffeic acid-treated A. flavus indicated expression of almost all genes in the aflatoxin biosynthetic cluster were down-regulated, ranging from a 1092 ratio of caffeic acid treated and untreated of-1.12 (medium) to -3.13 (high). The only exceptions were genes norB and the aflatoxin pathway regulator-gene, aflJ, which showed low expression levels in both treated and control fungi. The secondary metabolism regulator-gene, laeA, also showed little change in expression levels between the fungal cohorts. Alternatively, expression of genes in metabolic pathways (i.e., amino acid biosynthesis, metabolism of aromatic compounds, etc.) increased (log(2) ratio > 1.5). The most notable up-regulation of A.flavus expression Occurred in four genes that are orthologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AHP1 family of genes. These genes encode alkyl hydroperoxide reductases that detoxify organic peroxides. These increases ranged from a log (2) ratio of 1.08 to 2.65 (moderate to high), according to real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. Based on responses of S. cerevisiae gene deletion mutants involved in oxidative stress response, caffeic, chlorogenic, gallic and ascorbic acids were potent antioxidants under oxidative stress induced by organic pet-oxides, tert-butyl and cumene hydroperoxides. Differential hypersensitivity to these peroxides and hydrogen peroxide occurred among different mutants in addition to their ability to recover with different antioxidants. These findings suggest antioxidants may trigger induction of genes encoding alkyl hydroperoxide reductase in A.flavus. The possibilities that induction of these genes protects the fungus from oxidizing agents (e.g., lipoperoxides, reactive oxygen species, etc.) produced during host-plant infection and this detoxification attenuates upstream signals triggering aflatoxigenesis are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Jong H.; Mahoney, Noreen; Chan, Kathleen L.; Molyneux, Russell J.; Campbell, Bruce C.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Cleveland, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Varga, John; Nierman, William C.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Nierman, William C.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov RI Varga, John/I-8130-2012 OI Varga, John/0000-0002-4868-1971 NR 41 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.058 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 285OK UT WOS:000254785900008 PM 18166238 ER PT J AU Atehrikeng, J Ojiambo, PS Donner, M Ikotun, T Sikora, RA Cotty, PJ Bandyopadhyay, R AF Atehrikeng, Joseph Ojiambo, Peter S. Donner, Matthias Ikotun, T. Sikora, Richard A. Cotty, Peter J. Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit TI Distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus species isolated from maize kernels from three agro-ecological zones in Nigeria SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus section Flavi; geographical distribution; West Africa ID SECTION FLAVI; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; WEST-AFRICA; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; UNITED-STATES; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; ATOXIGENIC STRAIN; PREHARVEST MAIZE; SOUTH TEXAS; EXPOSURE AB Maize samples were collected during a survey in three agro-ecological zones in Nigeria to determine the distribution and aflatoxin-producing potential of members of Aspergillus section Flavi. The three agro-ecological zones were, Derived Savannah (DS) and Southern Guinea Savannah (SGS) in the humid south and North Guinea Savannah (NGS) in the drier north. Across agro-ecological zones, Aspergillus was the most predominant fungal genera identified followed by Fusarium with mean incidences of 70 and 24%, respectively. Among Aspergillus, A. flavus was the most predominant and L-strains constituted >90% of the species identified, while the frequency of the unnamed taxon SBG was <3%. The incidence of atoxigenic strains of A. flavus was higher in all the districts Surveyed except in the Ogbomosho and Mokwa districts in DS and SGS zones, respectively, where frequency of toxigenic strains were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of atoxigenic strains. The highest and lowest incidence of aflatoxin positive samples was recorded in the SGS (72%) and NGS (20%), respectively. Aflatoxin contamination in grain also followed a similar trend and the highest mean levels of B-aflatoxins were detected in maize samples obtained from Bida (612 ng g(-1)) and Mokwa (169 ng g(-1)) districts, respectively, in the SGS. Similarly, the highest concentrations of G-aflatoxins were detected in samples from Akwanga district in the SGS with a mean of 193 and 60 ng g(-1), respectively. When agro-ecological zones were compared, B-aflatoxins were significantly (P<0.05) higher in SGS than in NGS, and intermediate in maize samples from the DS agro-ecological zone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Atehrikeng, Joseph; Ojiambo, Peter S.; Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Atehrikeng, Joseph; Ikotun, T.] Univ Ibadan, Dept Crop Protect & Environm Biol, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Donner, Matthias; Sikora, Richard A.] Univ Bonn, Inst Plant Dis Phytopathol & Nematol Soil Ecosyst, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Cotty, Peter J.] Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, R (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM r.bandyopadhyay@cgiar.org NR 58 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.062 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 285OK UT WOS:000254785900011 PM 18180068 ER PT J AU Scott, RL Cable, WL Hultine, KR AF Scott, Russell L. Cable, William L. Hultine, Kevin R. TI The ecohydrologic significance of hydraulic redistribution in a semiarid savanna SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WARM-DESERT PHREATOPHYTE; SOIL-MOISTURE RECHARGE; SAP FLOW; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SEASONAL PATTERNS; VELVET MESQUITE; WATER RELATIONS; ROOT SYSTEMS; DEEP ROOTS; LIFT AB Recent studies have illuminated the process of hydraulic redistribution, defined as the translocation of soil moisture via plant root systems, but the long-term ecohydrologic significance of this process is poorly understood. We investigated hydraulic redistribution (HR) by Prosopis velutina Woot. (velvet mesquite) in an upland savanna ecosystem over a two-year period. Our goal was to quantify patterns of HR by mesquite roots and assess how this affects tree water use and productivity. We used the heat ratio method to monitor bi-directional sap flow, an analog of HR, in both lateral and tap roots. Additionally, we monitored soil water content and used the eddy covariance technique to quantify ecosystem carbon dioxide and water exchange. Mesquite roots redistributed large amounts of water throughout the year, even during periods of canopy dormancy. Dormant season precipitation (November-March) was often taken up by shallow lateral roots and transferred downward in the soil profile by deeper lateral and tap roots. Such a transfer was also apparent when the trees were active and moisture from summer rainfall was plant available in the upper soil layers. As the upper soil layers dried, sap flow moving toward the canopy in the lateral roots diminished and water use from deeper soils increased via the taproots. The relationship between root sap flow and above-canopy fluxes suggested that deeper "stored'' water from HR allowed the trees to transpire more in the spring that followed a winter with significant downward redistribution. Patterns of lateral and tap root sap flow also implied that redistribution may extend the growing season of the trees after summer rains have ended and surface soils are dry, thus allowing the trees to photosynthesize through periods of seasonal drought. The large hydrologic magnitude and the ecological effects of HR we studied, along with mounting evidence of this process occurring in many other ecosystems, indicates that HR should be accounted for in many ecohydrologic modeling efforts. C1 [Scott, Russell L.; Cable, William L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hultine, Kevin R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Scott, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 58 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 AR W02440 DI 10.1029/2007WR006149 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 270KM UT WOS:000253719700001 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, F. Christian TI A conspectus of New Zealand flower flies (Diptera : Syrphidae) with the description of a new genus and species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Syrphidae; generic key; checklist AB A key to the New Zealand flower fly genera is presented; one new genus (Anu Thompson, type una Thompson) and one new species (Anu una Thompson)) are described. A checklist of the flower flies of New Zealand is also included. C1 USDA, ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, NHB-0169, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM cthompso@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 72 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 29 PY 2008 IS 1716 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 270IO UT WOS:000253714700001 ER PT J AU Xu, ZY Kohel, RJ Song, GL Cho, JM Yu, J Yu, SX Tomkins, J Yu, JZ AF Xu, Zhanyou Kohel, Russell J. Song, Guoli Cho, Jaemin Yu, Jing Yu, Shuxun Tomkins, Jeffrey Yu, John Z. TI An integrated genetic and physical map of homoeologous chromosomes 12 and 26 in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID X GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; FIBER DEVELOPMENT; Y-CHROMOSOME; GENOME; EVOLUTION; BAC; ORGANIZATION; CONSTRUCTION; POPULATION; LIBRARY AB Background: Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) is the leading fiber crop worldwide. Genetic improvement of fiber quality and yield is facilitated by a variety of genomics tools. An integrated genetic and physical map is needed to better characterize quantitative trait loci and to allow for the positional cloning of valuable genes. However, developing integrated genomic tools for complex allotetraploid genomes, like that of cotton, is highly experimental. In this report, we describe an effective approach for developing an integrated physical framework that allows for the distinguishing between subgenomes in cotton. Results: A physical map has been developed with 220 and 115 BAC contigs for homeologous chromosomes 12 and 26, respectively, covering 73.49 Mb and 34.23 Mb in physical length. Approximately one half of the 220 contigs were anchored to the At subgenome only, while 48 of the 115 contigs were allocated to the Dt subgenome only. Between the two chromosomes, 67 contigs were shared with an estimated overall physical similarity between the two chromosomal homeologs at 40.0%. A total of 401 fiber unigenes plus 214 non-fiber unigenes were located to chromosome 12 while 207 fiber unigenes plus 183 non-fiber unigenes were allocated to chromosome 26. Anchoring was done through an overgo hybridization approach and all anchored ESTs were functionally annotated via blast analysis. Conclusion: This integrated genomic map describes the first pair of homoeologous chromosomes of an allotetraploid genome in which BAC contigs were identified and partially separated through the use of chromosome-specific probes and locus-specific genetic markers. The approach used in this study should prove useful in the construction of genome-wide physical maps for polyploid plant genomes including Upland cotton. The identification of Gene-rich islands in the integrated map provides a platform for positional cloning of important genes and the targeted sequencing of specific genomic regions. C1 [Xu, Zhanyou; Kohel, Russell J.; Song, Guoli; Cho, Jaemin; Yu, Jing; Yu, John Z.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Song, Guoli; Yu, Shuxun] Minist Agr, Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Cotton Genet Improvement, Cotton Res Inst, Anyang 455000, Henan, Peoples R China. [Tomkins, Jeffrey] Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Yu, JZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM xuzhanyou@tamu.edu; kohel@qutun.tamu.edu; songgl@cricaas.com.cn; cho0jm@yahoo.com; jingyu@tamu.edu; yu@cricaas.com.cn; jtmkns@clemson.edu; zyu@qutun.tamu.edu NR 40 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 108 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-108 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 278LB UT WOS:000254286000003 PM 18307816 ER PT J AU Doddapaneni, H Lin, H Walker, MA Yao, JQ Civerolo, EL AF Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan Lin, Hong Walker, M. Andrew Yao, Jiqiang Civerolo, Edwin L. TI VitisExpDB: A database resource for grape functional genomics SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; BERRY DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTOME; ESTS AB Background: The family Vitaceae consists of many different grape species that grow in a range of climatic conditions. In the past few years, several studies have generated functional genomic information on different Vitis species and cultivars, including the European grape vine, Vitis vinifera. Our goal is to develop a comprehensive web data source for Vitaceae. Description: VitisExpDB is an online MySQL-PHP driven relational database that houses annotated EST and gene expression data for V. vinifera and non-vinifera grape species and varieties. Currently, the database stores similar to 320,000 EST sequences derived from 8 species/hybrids, their annotation ( BLAST top match) details and Gene Ontology based structured vocabulary. Putative homologs for each EST in other species and varieties along with information on their percent nucleotide identities, phylogenetic relationship and common primers can be retrieved. The database also includes information on probe sequence and annotation features of the high density 60-mer gene expression chip consisting of similar to 20,000 non-redundant set of ESTs. Finally, the database includes 14 processed global microarray expression profile sets. Data from 12 of these expression profile sets have been mapped onto metabolic pathways. A user-friendly web interface with multiple search indices and extensively hyperlinked result features that permit efficient data retrieval has been developed. Several online bioinformatics tools that interact with the database along with other sequence analysis tools have been added. In addition, users can submit their ESTs to the database. Conclusion: The developed database provides genomic resource to grape community for functional analysis of genes in the collection and for the grape genome annotation and gene function identification. The VitisExpDB database is available through our website http://cropdisease.ars.usda.gov/vitis_at/main-page.htm. C1 [Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Lin, Hong; Civerolo, Edwin L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Walker, M. Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yao, Jiqiang] Citrus Res Board, Visalia, CA 93279 USA. RP Doddapaneni, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM harsha@fresno.ars.usda.gov; hlin@fresno.ars.usda.gov; awalker@ucdavis.edu; jiqiangy@bcm.tmc.edu; eciverolo@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-8-23 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 296RG UT WOS:000255562900001 PM 18307813 ER PT J AU Shaw, JD AF Shaw, J. D. TI Benefits of a strategic national forest inventory to science and society: the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program SO IFOREST-BIOGEOSCIENCES AND FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest inventory; FIA; silviculture; disturbance; United States AB Forest Inventory and Analysis, previously known as Forest Survey, is one of the oldest research and development programs in the USDA Forest Service. Statistically-based inventory efforts that started in Scandinavian countries in the 1920s raised interest in developing a similar program in the U. S. The U. S. Congress established the research branch of the U. S. Forest Service in 1928, shortly after Dr. Yrjo Ilvessalo, leader of the first Finnish national forest inventory, met with President Calvin Coolidge. Congress charged the Forest Service to find "facts as may be necessary in the determination of ways and means to balance the timber budget of the United States". As a result, Forest Survey maintained a timber focus for much its history. As society's interest in forests changed over time, so did information needs. Conflicts over resource allocation and use could not be resolved without up-to-date knowledge of forest status and trends. In response to society's needs, the Forest Inventory and Analysis program has evolved from Forest Survey to address diverse topics such as forest health, carbon storage, wildlife habitat, air pollution, and invasive plants, while continuing its mandate to monitor the Nation's timber supply. The Forest Inventory and Analysis program collects data on all land ownerships on an annual basis. The data are used to develop reports on a regular basis; reports and raw data are available to the public at no cost. The data are also used by scientists in a growing number of applications. A short history of the Forest Survey is presented with several examples of current research based on Forest Inventory and Analysis data. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT USA. RP Shaw, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT USA. EM jdshaw@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SISEF-SOC ITALIANA SELVICOLTURA ECOL FORESTALE PI POTENZA PA DEPT PROD VEGETALE, VIA ATENEO LUCANO 10, POTENZA, 85100, ITALY SN 1971-7458 J9 IFOREST JI iForest PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.3832/ifor0345-0010081 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V17DD UT WOS:000207917000013 ER PT J AU Chanbang, Y Arthur, FH Wilde, GE Throne, JE Subramanyam, BH AF Chanbang, Y. Arthur, F. H. Wilde, G. E. Throne, J. E. Subramanyam, B. H. TI Methodology for assessing rice varieties for resistance to the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; rice varieties; Oryza sativa; rice type; Rhyzopertha dominica ID COLEOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRITICALE; HUMIDITY AB Several physical and chemical attributes of rice were evaluated to determine which character would be best to use to assess multiple rice varieties for resistance to the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Laboratory tests were conducted on single varieties of long-, short-, and medium grain-rice to develop procedures and methodologies that could be used for large-scale screening studies. Progeny production of R. dominica was positively correlated with the percentage of broken hulls. Although kernel hardness, amylose content, neonate preference for brown rice, and adult emergence from neonates varied among the three rice varieties tested they did not appear to be valid indicators of eventual progeny production, and may not be useful predictors of resistance or susceptibility. Soundness and integrity seem to be the best characters to use for varietal screening studies with R. dominica. C1 [Arthur, F. H.; Throne, J. E.] USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chanbang, Y.] Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. [Wilde, G. E.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Subramanyam, B. H.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 16 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 270IM UT WOS:000253714500001 PM 20337559 ER PT J AU Gu, L House, SE Rooney, LW Prior, RL AF Gu, Liwei House, Suzanne E. Rooney, Lloyd W. Prior, Ronald L. TI Sorghum extrusion increases bioavailability of catechins in weanling pigs SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; procyanidins; catechin; epicatechin ID GRAPE SEED EXTRACT; B2 EPICATECHIN-(4-BETA-8)-EPICATECHIN; BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SMALL-INTESTINE; HUMAN PLASMA; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; RATS; (+)-CATECHIN; POLYPHENOLS AB Catechins and procyanidins are beneficial for human health; however, their bioavailability is low. The effect of food processing on catechin bioavailability from sources containing predominantly procyanidins has not been studied. The sumac sorghum mixture (50% whole grain + 50% bran) used in this study contained catechins, procyanidins dimers, and polymers at 0.08, 0.6, and 26.4 mg/g, respectively. Extrusion decreased the polymeric procyanidins by 48% to 22 mg/g while increasing catechins (50%) and dimers (64%) to 0.12 and 1.0 mg/g, respectively. Six weanling pigs (8.9 +/- 1.1 kg) received a single dose by gavage of the sorghum mixture (7 g/kg (0.75)), the sorghum mixture extrudate, or white sorghum (50% whole grain + 50% bran) in a randomized crossover design. Treatments were separated by a 7-day washout period. Blood was drawn at 0, 1, 2, and 4 h. Plasma catechin, 3'-O-methylcatechin, 4'-O-methylcatechin, epicatechin, 3'-O-methylepicatechin, and 4'-O-methylepicatechin peaked at 1 h and were 18, 43, 1, 0.7, 0.7, and 0.3 nmol/L for pigs receiving sorghum, respectively. Plasma levels in pigs receiving extruded sorghum were 66, 110, 2, 16, 8, and 11 nmol/L, respectively. Plasma levels of catechin, 3'-O-methylcatechin, and the total catechins were higher in pigs fed extruded sorghum at 1, 2, and 4 h postdose (P <= 0.05). The majority of the absorbed catechins were excreted within 4 h after feeding. Urinary excretion of total catechins was significantly higher in pigs fed extruded sorghum than in those fed nonextruded sorghum. Procyanidin dimers were not detected in plasma or urine. The levels of catechins were close to zero in plasma and urine of pigs fed white sorghum. In conclusion, extrusion improved the bioavailability of catechins in sorghum. C1 [Gu, Liwei; House, Suzanne E.; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Gu, Liwei; House, Suzanne E.; Prior, Ronald L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Gu, Liwei] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Rooney, Lloyd W.] Texas A&M Univ, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM PriorRonaldL@uams.edu NR 26 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 27 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1283 EP 1288 DI 10.1021/jf072742i PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 264WN UT WOS:000253321200018 PM 18251504 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Chau, HK Cooke, PH Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, Marshall L. Chau, Hoa K. Cooke, Peter H. Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr. TI Global structure of microwave-assisted flash-extracted sugar beet pectin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sugar beet pulp; microwave heating; HPSEC; molar mass; intrinsic viscosity; radius of; gyration; atomic force microscopy ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PULP; SUBSTANCES; GELS AB The global structure of microwave-assisted flash-extracted pectins isolated from fresh sugar beet pulp has been studied. The objective was to minimize the disassembly and possibly the degradation of pectin molecules during extraction. These pectins have been characterized by high-performance size exclusion chromatography with light scattering, viscometric detection, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Analysis of molecular parameters was performed on 15 and 8 mu m size column packings. Samples analyzed with 15,mu m packing gave weight-average molar masses that ranged from 532,000 to 1.2 million Da, radii of gyration from about 35 to 51 nm, polydispersities from 1.78 to 2.58, intrinsic viscosities from about 3.00 to 4.30 dL/g, and recoveries from 8.40 to 14.81% of dry weight. Chromatography revealed that a bimodal distribution of high molar mass spherical particles and lower molar mass coils was obtained. AFM images of pectin corroborated this conclusion and further revealed that these strands and spherical particles were integrated into networks. It is demonstrated that microwave-assisted extraction of sugar beet pulp under moderate pressure and at relatively low temperature could extract under acid conditions high molar mass, moderate-viscosity pectin in minutes rather than hours as required by conventional heating. C1 [Fishman, Marshall L.; Chau, Hoa K.; Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Cooke, Peter H.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residu Chem & Core Technol Re, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marshall.fishman@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 27 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1471 EP 1478 DI 10.1021/jfO72600o PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 264WN UT WOS:000253321200044 PM 18183951 ER PT J AU Barak, JD Liang, AS AF Barak, Jeri D. Liang, Anita S. TI Role of Soil, Crop Debris, and a Plant Pathogen in Salmonella enterica Contamination of Tomato Plants SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: In the U. S., tomatoes have become the most implicated vehicle for produce-associated Salmonellosis with 12 outbreaks since 1998. Although unconfirmed, trace backs suggest pre-harvest contamination with Salmonella enterica. Routes of tomato crop contamination by S. enterica in the absence of direct artificial inoculation have not been investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings: This work examined the role of contaminated soil, the potential for crop debris to act as inoculum from one crop to the next, and any interaction between the seedbourne plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and S. enterica on tomato plants. Our results show S. enterica can survive for up to six weeks in fallow soil with the ability to contaminate tomato plants. We found S. enterica can contaminate a subsequent crop via crop debris; however a fallow period between crop incorporation and subsequent seeding can affect contamination patterns. Throughout these studies, populations of S. enterica declined over time and there was no bacterial growth in either the phyllosphere or rhizoplane. The presence of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria on co-colonized tomato plants had no effect on the incidence of S. enterica tomato phyllosphere contamination. However, growth of S. enterica in the tomato phyllosphere occurred on co-colonized plants in the absence of plant disease. Conclusions/Significance: S. enterica contaminated soil can lead to contamination of the tomato phyllosphere. A six week lag period between soil contamination and tomato seeding did not deter subsequent crop contamination. In the absence of plant disease, presence of the bacterial plant pathogen, X. campestris pv. vesicatoria was beneficial to S. enterica allowing multiplication of the human pathogen population. Any event leading to soil contamination with S. enterica could pose a public health risk with subsequent tomato production, especially in areas prone to bacterial spot disease. C1 [Barak, Jeri D.; Liang, Anita S.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. RP Barak, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. EM jbarak@pw.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [5325-42000-044-00D] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service CRIS project number 5325-42000-044-00D). NR 24 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 27 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 AR e1657 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001657 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367XS UT WOS:000260586500006 PM 18301739 ER PT J AU Schwander, T Humbert, JY Brent, CS Cahan, SH Chapuis, L Renai, E Keller, L AF Schwander, Tanja Humbert, Jean-Yves Brent, Colin S. Cahan, Sara Helms Chapuis, Lucille Renai, Emanuela Keller, Laurent TI Maternal effect on female caste determination in a social insect SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POGONOMYRMEX HARVESTER ANTS; PALLIDULA NYL HYMENOPTERA; SEX-RATIO CONFLICT; COLONY-SIZE; CLONAL REPRODUCTION; QUEEN CONTROL; FIRE ANT; FORMICIDAE; WORKERS; SOCIETIES AB Caste differentiation and division of labor are the hallmarks of social insect colonies [1, 2]. The current dogma for female caste differentiation is that female eggs are totipotent, with morphological and physiological differences between queens and workers stemming from a developmental switch during the larval stage controlled by nutritional and other environmental factors (e.g., [3-8]). In this study, we tested whether maternal effects influence caste differentiation in Pogonomyrmex harvester ants. By conducting crossfostering experiments we identified two key factors in the process of caste determination. New queens were produced only from eggs laid by queens exposed to cold. Moreover, there was a strong age effect, with development into queens occurring only in eggs laid by queens that were at least two years old. Biochemical analyses further revealed that the level of ecdysteroids was significantly lower in eggs developing into queens than workers. By contrast, we found no significant effect of colony size or worker exposure to cold, suggesting that the trigger for caste differentiation may be independent of the quantity and quality of resources provided to larvae. Altogether these data demonstrate that the developmental fate of female brood is strongly influenced by maternal effects in ants of the genus Pogonomyrmex. C1 [Schwander, Tanja; Humbert, Jean-Yves; Chapuis, Lucille; Renai, Emanuela; Keller, Laurent] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Brent, Colin S.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Cahan, Sara Helms] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schwander, T (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM tanja.schwander@gmail.com RI Chapuis, Lucille/A-6535-2010; OI Chapuis, Lucille/0000-0003-3001-983X; Schwander, Tanja/0000-0003-1945-5374; keller, laurent/0000-0002-5046-9953 NR 42 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 30 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.024 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 266XF UT WOS:000253470300025 PM 18280157 ER PT J AU Chen, LH Kathaperumal, K Huang, CJ McDonough, SP Stehman, S Akey, B Huntley, J Bannantine, JP Chang, CF Chang, YF AF Chen, Li-Hsuen Kathaperumal, Kumanan Huang, Ching-Juo McDonough, Sean P. Stehman, Susan Akey, Bruce Huntley, John Bannantine, John P. Chang, Chao-Fu Chang, Yung-Fu TI Immune responses in mice to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis following vaccination with a novel 74F recombinant polyprotein SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; polyproteins; vaccine trials; paratuberculosis ID TUBERCULOSIS SUBUNIT VACCINE; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MONOPHOSPHORYL LIPID-A; GUINEA-PIG MODEL; JOHNES-DISEASE; CROHNS-DISEASE; DAIRY HERDS; INFECTION; ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic infectious disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Here, we report the cloning and expression of a 74 kDa recombinant polyprotein (Map74F) and its protective efficacy against MAP infection in mice. Map74F was generated by the sequential linkage of the ORFs of the similar to 17.6-kDa C-terminal fragment of Map3527 to the full-length ORF of Map1519, followed at the C-terminus with similar to 14.6-kDa N-terminal portion of Map3527. Mice immunized with Map74F had a significant IgG1 response but not IgG2a. In immunized animals, the IgG1/IgG2a ratio increased until 4 weeks after MAP challenge. The ratio decreased from 8 weeks indicating a shift to a Th1 response. Antigen specific IFN-gamma response, CD3(+) and CD4(+) T cells increased significantly in immunized mice. Following challenge, MAP burden was significantly lower in liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of immunized animals compared to control animals indicating protection against MAP infection. This was further evident by the improved liver and spleen pathology of the immunized animals, which had fewer granulomas and lower numbers of acid-fast bacilli. Results of this study indicated that immunization of mice with Map74F protected mice against MAP infection. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Li-Hsuen; Kathaperumal, Kumanan; Huang, Ching-Juo; McDonough, Sean P.; Stehman, Susan; Akey, Bruce; Chang, Chao-Fu; Chang, Yung-Fu] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chen, Li-Hsuen; Huang, Ching-Juo; Chang, Chao-Fu] Cent Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Med Biotechnol, Taichung 40601, Taiwan. [Huntley, John] New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Bannantine, John P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Chang, CF (reprint author), Cent Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Med Biotechnol, Taichung 40601, Taiwan. EM cfchang@ntu.edu.tw; yc42@cornell.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1253 EP 1262 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.014 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 275ON UT WOS:000254081600013 PM 18243427 ER PT J AU Nichols, MH Stone, JJ Nearing, MA AF Nichols, M. H. Stone, J. J. Nearing, M. A. TI Sediment database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Improving the scientific understanding of erosion and sedimentation processes within semiarid rangeland watersheds has been a primary objective of data collection on the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed since its establishment in 1953. Sampling instruments and techniques are described, including the traversing slot sediment sampler, pump samplers on both V notch weirs and H flumes, and stock tank sedimentation surveys. Sediment collected at the outlets of seven small watersheds and long-term data collected through stock tank sedimentation surveys at eight sites dating from the 1950s are described. Data are available at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/. C1 [Nichols, M. H.; Stone, J. J.; Nearing, M. A.] USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nichols, MH (reprint author), USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnichols@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S06 DI 10.1029/2006WR005682 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 270KP UT WOS:000253720000002 ER PT J AU Nichols, MH Anson, E AF Nichols, M. H. Anson, E. TI Southwest Watershed Research Center data access project SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Hydrologic data, including rainfall and runoff data, have been collected on experimental watersheds operated by the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in southern Arizona since the 1950s. These data are of national and international importance and make up one of the most comprehensive semiarid watershed data sets in the world. The USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center has recently developed an electronic data processing system that includes an online interface (http://tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap) to provide public access to the data. The goal of the system is to promote analyses and interpretations of historic and current data by improving data access. Data are collected from sensors in the field and are transmitted to computers in the office. The data are then processed, quality checked, and made available to users via the Internet. The publicly accessible part of the system consists of an interactive Web site, which provides an interface to the data, and a relational database, which is used to process, store, and manage data. The system was released to the public in October 2003, and since that time the online data access Web site has received more than 4500 visitors. C1 [Nichols, M. H.; Anson, E.] USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Anson, E.] Zardick Comp, Tucson, AZ 85730 USA. RP Nichols, MH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mary.nichols@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S03 DI 10.1029/2006WR005665 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 270KP UT WOS:000253720000001 ER PT J AU Ipek, M Ipek, A Simon, PW AF Ipek, Meryem Ipek, Ahmet Simon, Philipp W. TI Genetic characterization of Allium tuncelianum: An endemic edible Allium species with garlic odor SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE AFLP; ITS; phylogeny; Allium sativum; ancestor species ID DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; RAPD MARKERS; AFLP MARKERS; SATIVUM L.; DIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; ISOZYME; REGION; CLONES AB Allium tuncelianum (Kollman) Ozhatay, Matthew & Siraneci is a native species to the Eastern Anatolia. Its plant architecture resembles garlic (Allium sativum L.) and it has mild garlic odor and flavor. Because of these similarities between two species, A. tuncelianum has been locally called "garlic". In addition, both A. tuncelianum and garlic has 16 chromosomes in their diploid genomes. Recently, A. tuncelianum has been suggested as the wild progenitor species of garlic. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) markers and nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) were used to assess genetic and phylogenetic relationships among A. tuncelianum, garlic and some other Allium species. AFLP analysis demonstrated that A. tuncelianum and garlic are genetically distinct and they are likely different species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequence of ITS suggested that A. tuncelianum and garlic are distinct species and placed A. tuncelianum, garlic, Allium ampeloprasum and Allium scorodoprasum into the same clade in the neighbor joining dendrogram and in the consensus tree of parsimony analysis. However, A. tuncelianum was phylogenetically less related to garlic than either A. ampeloprasum or A. scorodoprasum, suggesting that A. tuncelianum may not be the immediate wild ancestor species of garlic. Further studies to generate hybrid progeny between A. tuncelianum and garlic (if possible) could provide more information on the homology between the chromosomes of A. tuncelianum and garlic and genetic relationships between these two species. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ipek, Meryem] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, Ziraat Fak, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. [Ipek, Ahmet] Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ipek, M (reprint author), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, Ziraat Fak, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. EM msipek@comu.edu.tr NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB 21 PY 2008 VL 115 IS 4 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.11.002 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 275FW UT WOS:000254058300013 ER PT J AU Lezberg, AL Battaglia, MA Shepperd, WD Schoettle, AW AF Lezberg, Ann L. Battaglia, Michael A. Shepperd, Wayne D. Schoettle, Anna W. TI Decades-old silvicultural treatments influence surface wildfire severity and post-fire nitrogen availability in a ponderosa pine forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wildfire; burn severity; scarification; forest floor disturbance; overstory harvest cutting; ponderosa pine; soil N-availability ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; LONG-TERM; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; CENTRAL OREGON; TREE-GROWTH; NUTRIENT RELEASE; CENTRAL COLORADO; SITE PREPARATION; WESTERN MONTANA; FUEL REDUCTION AB Wildfire severity and subsequent ecological effects may be influenced by prior land management, via modification of forest structure and lingering changes in fuels. In 2002, the Hayman wildfire burned as a low to moderate-severity surface fire through a 21-year pine regeneration experiment with two overstory harvest cuttings (shelterwood, seed-tree) and two site preparations (scarified, unscarified) that had been applied in a mature ponderosa pine forest in the montane zone of the Colorado Front Range in 1981. We used this event to examine how pre-fire fine fuels, surface-level bum severity and post-fire soil nitrogen-availability varied with pre-fire silvicultural treatments. Prior to the wildfire, litter cover was higher under both shelterwood and unscarified treatments than seed-tree and scarified treatments. Immediately after the fire in 2002, we assessed 2 bum severity under 346 mature trees, around 502 planted saplings, and in 448 4 m(2) microplots nested within the original experimental treatments. In one-fourth of the microplots, we measured resin-bound soil nitrate and ammonium accumulated over the second and third post-fire growing season. Microplots burned less severely than bases of trees and saplings with only 6.8% of microplot area burned down to mineral soil as compared to >28% of tree and sapling bases. Sapling burn severity was highest in unscarified treatments but did not differ by overstory harvest. Microplot burn severity was higher under the densest overstory (shelterwood) and in unscarified treatments and was positively related to pre-fire litter/duff cover and negatively associated with pre-fire total plant cover, grass cover and distance to tree. In both years, resin-bound nitrate and ammonium (NH4(+)-N) increased weakly with bum severity and NH4(+)-N availability was higher in unscarified than scarified plots. The lasting effects of soil scarification and overstory harvest regime on modern patterns of surface burn severity after two decades underscores the importance of historic landuse and silviculture on fire behavior and ecological response. Unraveling causes of these patterns in burn severity may lead to more sustainable fire and forest management in ponderosa pine ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lezberg, Ann L.; Battaglia, Michael A.; Shepperd, Wayne D.; Schoettle, Anna W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lezberg, Ann L.; Battaglia, Michael A.] Management & Engn Technol Int Inc, El Paso, TX 79925 USA. RP Lezberg, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM alezberg@fs.fed.us NR 91 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.019 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 268ZE UT WOS:000253618400005 ER PT J AU Bagne, KE Purcell, KL Rotenberry, JT AF Bagne, Karen E. Purcell, Kathryn L. Rotenberry, John T. TI Prescribed fire, snag population dynamics, and avian nest site selection SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat selection; prescribed fire; breeding biology; Sierra Nevada; snags; cavity-nesting birds ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHERN ARIZONA; WESTERN OREGON; BIRDS; MEXICO; WOODPECKERS; ABUNDANCE; CAVITIES AB Snags are an important resource for a wide variety of organisms, including cavity-nesting birds. We documented snag attributes in a mixed-conifer forest dominated by ponderosa pine in the Sierra Nevada, California where fire is being applied during spring. A total of 328 snags were monitored before and after fire on plots burned once, burned twice, or left unburned to assess the effects of prescribed fire on snag populations. The greatest loss of snags (7.1 snags ha(-1) or 43%) followed the first introduction of fire after a long fire-free period. On plots burned a second time 21 % of snags (3.6 snags ha(-1)) were lost, whereas 8% (1.4 snags ha(-1)) were lost on unburned control plots in the same time period. New snags replaced many of those lost reducing the net snag losses to 12% (2.0 ha(-1)) for plots burned once, and 3% (0.5 ha(-1)) for plots burned twice and unburned plots. We also examined snags used by cavity-nesting birds. Snags preferred for nesting were generally ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), larger diameter, and moderately decayed as compared to available snags. For monitored snags that met the preferred criteria, there was a net loss (1.7 snag ha(-1) or 34%) after the first burn, while the loss of useable snags was less than 1 snag ha(-1) following the second burn (15%) or on unburned controls (8%). We recommend protection of preferred snags, in particular large ponderosa pines, especially during primary fire applications on fire-suppressed landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bagne, Karen E.; Rotenberry, John T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bagne, Karen E.; Purcell, Kathryn L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Bagne, KE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM kebagne@fs.fed.us RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.024 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 268ZE UT WOS:000253618400011 ER PT J AU Breece, CR Kolb, TE Dickson, BG McMillin, JD Clancy, KM AF Breece, C. R. Kolb, T. E. Dickson, B. G. McMillin, J. D. Clancy, K. M. TI Prescribed fire effects on bark beetle activity and tree mortality in southwestern ponderosa pine forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; crown damage; Dendroctonus; insect attack; Ips; logistic regression; Pinus ponderosa; prescribed tire; tree mortality ID NORTHERN ARIZONA; SIERRA-NEVADA; POSTFIRE SURVIVAL; DOUGLAS-FIR; CROWN; DAMAGE; PREDICTION; SEVERITY; INSECTS; MODELS AB Prescribed fire is an important tool in the management of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) forests, yet effects on bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) activity and tree mortality are poorly understood in the southwestern U.S. We compared bark beetle attacks and tree mortality between paired prescribed-burned and unburned stands at each of four sites in Arizona and New Mexico for three growing seasons after burning (2004-2006). Prescribed bums increased bark beetle attacks on ponderosa pine over the first three post-fire years from 1.5 to 13% of all trees, increased successful, lethal attacks on ponderosa pine from 0.4 to 7.6%, increased mortality of ponderosa pine from all causes from 0.6 to 8.4%, and increased mortality of all tree species with diameter at breast height > 13 cm from 0.6 to 9.6%. On a per year basis, prescribed bums increased ponderosa pine mortality from 0.2% per year in unburned stands to 2.8% per year in burned stands. Mortality of ponderosa pine 3 years after burning was best described by a logistic regression model with total crown damage (crown scorch + crown consumption) and bark beetle attack rating (no, partial, or mass attack by bark beetles) as independent variables. Attacks by Dendroctonus spp. did not differ significantly over bole heights, whereas attacks by Ips spp. were greater on the upper bole compared with the lower bole. Three previously published logistic regression models of tree mortality, developed from fires in 1995-1996 in northern Arizona, were moderately successful in predicting broad patterns of tree mortality in our data. The influence of bark beetle attack rating on tree mortality was stronger for our data than for data from the 1995-1996 fires. Our results highlight canopy damage from fire as a strong and consistent predictor of post-fire mortality of ponderosa pine, and bark beetle attacks and bole char rating as less consistent predictors because of temporal variability in their relationship to mortality. The small increase in tree mortality and bark beetle attacks caused by prescribed burning should be acceptable to many forest managers and the public given the resulting reduction in surface fuel and risk of severe wildfire. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Breece, C. R.; Kolb, T. E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Dickson, B. G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McMillin, J. D.] USFS Reg 3 Forest Hlth Protect, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Clancy, K. M.] USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kolb, TE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM tom.kolb@nau.edu NR 51 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.026 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 268ZE UT WOS:000253618400014 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Liang, Y Han, J Burkhart, KM Vaughn, EM Roof, MB Faaberg, KS AF Wang, Yue Liang, Yajie Han, Jun Burkhart, Kelly M. Vaughn, Eric M. Roof, Michael B. Faaberg, Kay S. TI Attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain NM184 using chimeric construction with vaccine sequence SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV); reverse genetics; infectious clone; chimera; attenuation; vaccine ID HETEROCLITE SUBGENOMIC RNAS; INFECTIOUS CDNA-CLONE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LELYSTAD VIRUS; PRRS VIRUS; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; VIRULENT; REVEALS; GENOME AB Two genetically distinct infectious recombinant virus clones (pMLV, constructed from Ingelvac (R) PRRS MLV and pMN 184, constructed from virulent strain MN184) were developed to study attenuation of contemporary porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain MN184. Two reciprocal chimeric clones (pMLVORF1/MN184 and pMN184ORF1/MLV) were then constructed, such that the 5'UTR/ORF1 of one genotype was linked to ORF2-7/3'UTR from the other genotype. In vitro studies demonstrated that the rescued chimeric viruses possessed intermediate growth properties compared to recombinant rMLV and rMN184. Swine inoculation with rMN184 and rMLV verified that these viruses fully mimicked the respective parent virus. In addition, earlier and higher antibody responses were detected in animals infected with rMN184 in contrast to those infected with rMLV. Chimeric virus treatment groups showed similar antibody responses as seen with these parent viruses, but much less severe pathogenesis when compared to the rMN184 group. These data suggested that genetic aspects of Ingelvac (R) PRRS MLV 5'UTR/ORF1 replicase region and/or the structural proteins/3'UTR can serve to attenuate virulent strain MN184. The data also indicated that designed PRRSV vaccines could be developed, keeping the known 5'UTR/replicase region of an early vaccine strain such as Ingelvac (R) PRRS MLV intact, but replacing the structural protein/3'UTR domain with that of an emerging virulent virus. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liang, Yajie; Burkhart, Kelly M.; Vaughn, Eric M.; Roof, Michael B.] Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmed Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Wang, Yue; Han, Jun; Faaberg, Kay S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Faaberg, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, B-14,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov RI Han, Jun/G-2584-2012; OI Han, Jun/0000-0003-1495-3948; Han, Jun/0000-0002-7104-7223 NR 51 TC 58 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 371 IS 2 BP 418 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.032 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 261DV UT WOS:000253060200019 PM 17976680 ER PT J AU Emmerich, WE Verdugo, CL AF Emmerich, William E. Verdugo, Charmaine L. TI Precipitation thresholds for CO2 uptake in grass and shrub plant communities on Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; BOWEN-RATIO; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; PULSES; RESPONSES; RAINFALL; SOIL; EFFICIENCY AB In semiarid ecosystems, precipitation is the major driving force for carbon uptake and subsequent plant growth. The hypothesis for this study was that the timing, frequency, and precipitation amount would produce different precipitation thresholds for uptake of carbon dioxide in grass and shrub plant communities. Eight years of precipitation data were used to determine the amount needed for carbon dioxide uptake thresholds in spring and summer seasons. Bowen ratio energy balance systems were used to measure carbon dioxide and moisture fluxes. In spring at the shrub site, close to or above long-term average spring precipitation of 59 mm was required to produce an uptake response. At the grass site a minimum of 23 mm was needed to produce an uptake response, which was much less than the long-term precipitation average of 68 mm. At both sites, spring or multiple summer responses reduced the threshold values for a summer response. Summer threshold ranges for the shrub site were 57-94 mm with a spring response and 123 140 mm without. Grass site summer thresholds were 51-95 mm with a spring response and 80-148 mm without. Summer precipitation threshold values were higher than spring values relating to the high summer evapotranspiration demand. The influence and variability of precipitation timing and frequency on carbon dioxide uptake threshold values resulted in no definitive conclusions as to differences between the grass and shrub plant communities, except that the grass site had slightly lower thresholds. Precipitation timing and frequency influence on total carbon uptake in some situations were more important than total precipitation. The lower grass site threshold values, along with a shift in climate toward more frequent and smaller precipitation events, may give grass ecosystems a competitive growth advantage. C1 [Emmerich, William E.; Verdugo, Charmaine L.] USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Emmerich, WE (reprint author), USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM bill.emmerich@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S16 DI 10.1029/2006WR005690 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 267VG UT WOS:000253536700001 ER PT J AU Emmerich, WE Verdugo, CL AF Emmerich, William E. Verdugo, Charmaine L. TI Long-term carbon dioxide and water flux database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IMAGERY; MODEL AB We present the carbon dioxide and water flux data along with associated meteorological data collected by the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center, on the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed from 1997 through 2006. Measurements were collected from a shrub and grass community using the Bowen ratio energy balance systems and were presented in 20-min time steps. Meteorological and Bowen ratio data were imported into spreadsheets for quality control and calculations of carbon dioxide and water fluxes. The data are available at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/. C1 [Emmerich, William E.; Verdugo, Charmaine L.] USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Emmerich, WE (reprint author), USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM bill.emmerich@.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S09 DI 10.1029/2006WR005693 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 267VG UT WOS:000253536700002 ER PT J AU Torkzaban, S Bradford, SA van Genuchten, MT Walker, SL AF Torkzaban, Saeed Bradford, Scott A. van Genuchten, Martinus Th. Walker, Sharon L. TI Colloid transport in unsaturated porous media: The role of water content and ionic strength on particle straining SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE colloid transport; deposition; straining; ionic strength; hydrodynamics ID SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; WASTE-WATER; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; VIRUS TRANSPORT; CREEPING FLOW; SHAPE FACTOR; DEPOSITION; MODEL; RETENTION AB Packed column and mathematical modeling studies were conducted to explore the influence of water saturation, pore-water ionic strength, and grain size on the transport of latex microspheres (1.1 mu m) in porous media. Experiments were carried out under chemically unfavorable conditions for colloid attachment to both solid-water interfaces (SWI) and air-water interfaces (AWI) using negatively charged and hydrophilic colloids and modifying the solution chemistry with a bicarbonate buffer to pH 10. Interaction energy calculations and complementary batch experiments were conducted and demonstrated that partitioning of colloids to the SWI and AWI was insignificant across the range of the ionic strengths considered. The breakthrough curve and final deposition profile were measured in each experiment indicating colloid retention was highly dependent on the suspension ionic strength, water content, and sand grain size. In contrast to conventional filtration theory, most colloids were found deposited close to the column inlet, and hyper-exponential deposition profiles were observed. A mathematical model, accounting for time- and depth-dependent straining, produced a reasonably good fit for both the breakthrough curves and final deposition profiles. Experimental and modeling results suggest that straining - the retention of colloids in low velocity regions of porous media such as grain junctions - was the primary mechanism of colloid retention under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The extent of stagnant regions of flow within the pore structure is enhanced with decreasing water content, leading to a greater amount of retention. Ionic strength also contributes to straining, because the number of colloids that are held in the secondary energy minimum increases with ionic strength. These weakly associated colloids are prone to be translated to stagnation regions formed at grain-grain junctions, the solid-water-air triple point, and dead-end pores and then becoming trapped. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.; van Genuchten, Martinus Th.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Torkzaban, Saeed; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 64 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 1-4 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.10.006 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 276IL UT WOS:000254134400008 PM 18068262 ER PT J AU Gahr, SA Vallejo, RL Weber, GM Shepherd, BS Silverstein, JT Rexroad, CE AF Gahr, Scott A. Vallejo, Roger L. Weber, Gregory M. Shepherd, Brian S. Silverstein, Jeffrey T. Rexroad, Caird E., III TI Effects of short-term growth hormone treatment on liver and muscle transcriptomes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE microarray; insulin-like growth factor; myostatin ID REAL-TIME PCR; I IGF-I; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; BINDING PROTEIN; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; COHO SALMON; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; SEAWATER ADAPTATION AB Although studies have established that exogenous growth hormone (GH) treatment stimulates growth in fish, its effects on target tissue gene expression are not well characterized. We assessed the effects of Posilac (Monsanto, St. Louis, MO), a recombinant bovine GH, on tissue transcript levels in rainbow trout selected from two high-growth rate and two low-growth rate families. Transcript abundance was measured in liver and muscle with the Genome Research in Atlantic Salmon Project (GRASP) 16K cDNA microarray. A selection of the genes identified as altered by the microarray and transcripts for insulin-like growth factors, growth hormone receptors (GHRs), and myostatins were measured by real-time PCR in the liver, muscle, brain, kidney, intestine, stomach, gill, and heart. In general, transcripts identified as differentially regulated in the muscle on the microarray showed similar directional changes of expression in the other nonhepatic tissues. A total of 114 and 66 transcripts were identified by microarray as differentially expressed with GH treatment across growth rate for muscle and liver, respectively. The largest proportion of these transcripts represented novel transcripts, followed by immune and metabolism-related genes. We have identified a number of genes related to lipid metabolism, supporting a modulation in lipid metabolism following GH treatment. Most notable among the growth-axis genes measured by real-time PCR were increases in GHR1 and -2 transcripts in liver and muscle. Our results indicate that short-term GH treatment activates the immune system, shifts the metabolic sectors, and modulates growth-regulating genes. C1 [Gahr, Scott A.; Vallejo, Roger L.; Weber, Gregory M.; Silverstein, Jeffrey T.; Rexroad, Caird E., III] USDA ARS, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Shepherd, Brian S.] USDA ARS, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Gahr, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCCCWA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM scott.gahr@ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 380 EP 392 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00142.2007 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 314NO UT WOS:000256816300011 PM 18073272 ER PT J AU Koeppel, A Perry, EB Sikorski, J Krizanc, D Warner, A Ward, DM Rooney, AP Brambilla, E Connor, N Ratcliff, RM Nevo, E Cohan, FM AF Koeppel, Alexander Perry, Elizabeth B. Sikorski, Johannes Krizanc, Danny Warner, Andrew Ward, David M. Rooney, Alejandro P. Brambilla, Evelyne Connor, Nora Ratcliff, Rodney M. Nevo, Eviatar Cohan, Frederick M. TI Identifying the fundamental units of bacterial diversity: A paradigm shift to incorporate ecology into bacterial systematics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES DEFINITION; BACILLUS-SIMPLEX; SOIL MICROFUNGI; CANYON-II; ISRAEL; COMMUNITY; POPULATION; ADAPTATION; PATTERNS AB The central questions of bacterial ecology and evolution require a method to consistently demarcate, from the vast and diverse set of bacterial cells within a natural community, the groups playing ecologically distinct roles (ecotypes). Because of a lack of theory-based guidelines, current methods in bacterial systematics fail to divide the bacterial domain of life into meaningful units of ecology and evolution. We introduce a sequence-based approach ("ecotype simulation") to model the evolutionary dynamics of bacterial populations and to identify ecotypes within a natural community, focusing here on two Bacillus clades surveyed from the "Evolution Canyons" of Israel. This approach has identified multiple ecotypes within traditional species, with each predicted to be an ecologically distinct lineage; many such ecotypes were confirmed to be ecologically distinct, with specialization to different canyon slopes with different solar exposures. Ecotype simulation provides a long-needed natural foundation for microbial ecology and systematics. C1 [Krizanc, Danny; Warner, Andrew] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Koeppel, Alexander; Perry, Elizabeth B.; Warner, Andrew; Connor, Nora; Cohan, Frederick M.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Sikorski, Johannes; Nevo, Eviatar] Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, Int Grad Ctr Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Ratcliff, Rodney M.] Inst Med & Vet Sci, Infect Dis Labs, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ward, David M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sikorski, Johannes; Brambilla, Evelyne] Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen, GmbH, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Nevo, E (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, Int Grad Ctr Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. EM nevo@research.haifa.ac.il; fcohan@wesleyan.edu NR 37 TC 160 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 7 BP 2504 EP 2509 DI 10.1073/pnas.0712205105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266XB UT WOS:000253469900047 PM 18272490 ER PT J AU Evidente, A Cimmino, A Andolfi, A Vurro, M Zonno, MC Cantrell, CL Motta, A AF Evidente, Antonio Cimmino, Alessio Andolfi, Anna Vurro, Maurizio Zonno, Maria Chiara Cantrell, Charles L. Motta, Andrea TI Phyllostictines A-D, oxazatricycloalkenones produced by Phyllosticta cirsii, a potential mycoherbicide for Cirsium arvense biocontrol SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE Cirsium arvense; Phyllosticta cirsii; phytotoxins; oxazatricycloalkenones; phyllostictines A-D; bioherbicides ID TOXIN AB Phyllosticta cirsii, a fungal pathogen isolated from Cirsium arvense and proposed as biocontrol agent of this noxious perennial weed, produces in liquid cultures different phytotoxic metabolites with potential herbicidal activity. Four new oxazatricycloalkenones, named phyllostictines A-D, were isolated and characterized using essentially spectroscopic and chemical methods. Tested by leaf-puncture assay on the fungal host plant phyllostictine A proved to be highly toxic. The phytotoxicity decreases when both the dimension and the conformational freedom of the macrocyclic ring change, as in phyllostictines B and D, and it is totally lost when also the functionalization of the same ring is modified, as in phyllostictine C. Beside its phytotoxic properties, phyllostictine A has no antifungal activity, an interesting antibiotic activity only against Gram+ bacteria, and a noticeable zootoxic activity when tested at high concentrations. The integrity of the oxazatricycloalkenone system appears to be an important feature to preserve these activities. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Evidente, Antonio; Cimmino, Alessio; Andolfi, Anna] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Vurro, Maurizio; Zonno, Maria Chiara] CNR, Ist Sci Prod Alimentari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Cantrell, Charles L.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. [Motta, Andrea] CNR, Ist Chim Biomol, I-80078 Pozzuoli, Italy. RP Evidente, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta, Via Univ 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy. EM evidente@unina.it RI Evidente, Antonio/N-9357-2013; Vurro, Maurizio/H-9117-2013; Cimmino, Alessio/I-2121-2012 OI Evidente, Antonio/0000-0001-9110-1656; Vurro, Maurizio/0000-0001-6875-4093; Cimmino, Alessio/0000-0002-1551-4237 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD FEB 18 PY 2008 VL 64 IS 8 BP 1612 EP 1619 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2007.12.010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 268ZZ UT WOS:000253620600003 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Orloski, K Nol, P Harrington, NP Olsen, SC Nonnecke, BJ AF Waters, W. R. Palmer, M. V. Thacker, T. C. Orloski, K. Nol, P. Harrington, N. P. Olsen, S. C. Nonnecke, B. J. TI Blood culture and stimulation conditions for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cervids by the Cervigam assay SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; REINDEER RANGIFER-TARANDUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; NORTH-AMERICA; ELK; INFECTION; MICHIGAN AB Mitogen- and antigen-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses of peripheral blood leucocytes from cervids were evaluated by a commercial whole-blood assay. The assay was applied to Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer and reindeer, M boviS BCG-vaccinated white-tailed deer and elk, and unvaccinated, uninfected white-tailed deer, fallow deer, elk and reindeer. The responses of the M bovis-infected white-tailed deer to pokeweed mitogen (Pwm) varied with time and between individuals. The responses of the M bovis-infected reindeer to Pwm and M bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) were positively associated. Samples from tuberculosis-free captive herds in various parts of the USA were also evaluated. Four per cent of fallow deer, 20 per cent of elk, 44 per cent of white-tailed deer, and 91 per cent of reindeer had responses to PWM exceeding 0.25 Delta optical density, that is, PWM stimulation minus no stimulation. The specificity of the responses to M bovis PPD and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific antigen rESAT-6:CFP-10, excluding animals not responding to Pwm, ranged from 78 per cent to 100 per cent and was dependent upon the species and the positive response cut-off value. The results show that the commercial assay is valid for the detection of TB in reindeer; however, further development of the assay will be required before it is used in surveillance programmes for white-tailed deer, fallow deer, and elk. C1 [Waters, W. R.; Palmer, M. V.; Thacker, T. C.] USDA ARS, TB Res Project, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Olsen, S. C.] USDA ARS, Brucellosis Res Project, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Nonnecke, B. J.] USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Project, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Orloski, K.] USDA, Natl TB Eradicat Program, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nol, P.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Harrington, N. P.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, TB Res Project, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD FEB 16 PY 2008 VL 162 IS 7 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 274YS UT WOS:000254039300010 PM 18281626 ER PT J AU Zhang, JJ Garrossian, M Gardner, D Garrossian, A Chang, YT Kim, YK Chang, CWT AF Zhang, Jianjun Garrossian, Massoud Gardner, Dale Garrossian, Arash Chang, Young-Tae Kim, Yun Kyung Chang, Cheng-Wei Tom TI Synthesis and anticancer activity studies of cyclopamine derivatives SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cyclopamine; carbohydrates; hedgehog pathway; bioconjugates ID HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY; CANCER; GROWTH; TARGET AB A diversity-oriented synthesis has been developed for facile construction of a library of carbohydrate-cyclopamine conjugates. The synthetic protocol is suitable for generating cyclopamine derivatives with various structural motifs for exploring the desired activity. From this initial library, we have observed one derivative that exhibits improved activity against lung cancer cell as compared to cyclopamine. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jianjun; Garrossian, Arash; Chang, Cheng-Wei Tom] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Garrossian, Massoud] Logan Nat Prod Inc, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Gardner, Dale] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Chang, Young-Tae; Kim, Yun Kyung] NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Chang, Young-Tae; Kim, Yun Kyung] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Chang, Young-Tae; Kim, Yun Kyung] Natl Univ Singapore, NUS MedChem Program, Office Life Sci, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Chang, Young-Tae; Kim, Yun Kyung] Biopolis, Agcy Sci,Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Technol Res ASTAR, Lab Bioimaging Probe Dev, Singapore 138667, Singapore. RP Chang, CWT (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tom.chang@usu.edu RI Chang, Young-Tae/B-2780-2010; zhang, jianjun/H-7529-2012 OI Chang, Young-Tae/0000-0002-1927-3688; NR 20 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1359 EP 1363 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.017 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 276YQ UT WOS:000254180000021 PM 18221872 ER PT J AU Hu, H Li, GX Wang, L Watts, J Combs, GF Lu, JX AF Hu, Hongbo Li, Guang-xun Wang, Lei Watts, Jennifer Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Lu, Junxuan TI Methylseleninic acid enhances taxane drug efficacy against human prostate cancer and down-regulates antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-XL and survivin SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INDUCED APOPTOSIS; OVARIAN-CARCINOMA; PACLITAXEL RESISTANCE; MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; KINASE INHIBITOR; BREAST-CANCER; IN-VITRO; CELLS; EXPRESSION; SELENIUM AB Purpose: Our previous work has shown that methylseleninic acid (MSeA) sensitized hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPCa) cells to apoptosis induced by paclitaxel (Taxol) through enhancing multiple caspases. This study aimed to (a) determine the general applicability of the sensitization effect for taxane drugs in vitro, (b) establish the enhancement of paclitaxel efficacy by MSeA in vivo, and (c) investigate Bcl-XL and survivin as molecular targets of MSeA to augment apoptosis. Experimental design: DU145 and PC-3 HRPCa cell lines were used to evaluate the in vitro apoptosis effects of paclitaxel, docetaxel and their combination with MSeA, and the molecular mechanisms. DU145 xenograft growth in athymic nude mice was used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of paclitaxel and its combination with MSeA. The tumor samples were used to examine Bcl-XL and survivin protein abundance. Results: MSeA combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel exerted a greater than additive apoptosis effect on DU145 and PC-3 cells. In nude mice, paclitaxel and MSeA combination inhibited growth of DU145 subcutaneous xenograft with the equivalent efficacy of a four-time higher dose of paclitaxel alone. MSeA decreased the basal and paclitaxel-induced expression of Bcl-XL and survivin in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of Bcl-XL or survivin attenuated MSeA/paclitaxelinduced apoptosis. Conclusions: MSeA enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel against HRPCa in vitro and in vivo, at least in part, by down-regulating the basal and paclitaxel-induced expression of both Bcl-XL and survivin to increase caspase-mediated apoptosis. MSeA may be a novel agent to improve taxane combination therapy. C1 [Hu, Hongbo; Li, Guang-xun; Wang, Lei; Lu, Junxuan] Univ Minnesota, Hormel Inst, Austin, MN 55912 USA. [Watts, Jennifer; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Lu, JX (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Hormel Inst, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912 USA. EM jlu@hi.umn.edu RI Wang, Lei /E-4395-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA92231, CA95642] NR 48 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1150 EP 1158 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4037 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 266PX UT WOS:000253449700026 PM 18281549 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CPJ Branfireun, BA Kolka, RK AF Mitchell, Carl P. J. Branfireun, Brian A. Kolka, Randall K. TI Spatial characteristics of net methylmercury production hot spots in peatlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MERCURY METHYLATION; ORGANIC-CARBON; WETLAND; SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; INTERFACES; MINNESOTA; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; RATES AB Many wetlands are sources of methylmercury (MeHg) to surface waters, yet little information exists about the distribution of MeHg within wetlands. Total mercury (THg) and MeHg in peat pore waters were studied in four peatlands in spring, summer, and fall 2005. Marked spatial variability in the distribution of MeHg, and %MeHg as a proxy for net MeHg production, was observed, with highest values occurring in discrete zones. We denote these zones "MeHg hot spots", defined as an area where the pore water %MeHg exceeded the 90th percentile of the data set (n = 463) or >22% of THg as MeHg. MeHg hot spots occurred near the interface between peatland and the upland watershed with few exceptions. The %MeHg in pore water was significantly less in peatland interiors compared to upland-peatland interface zones, with the significance of these differences related to the delineation of the boundary between the two areas. Although further research is necessary, our data suggest that the occurrence of MeHg hot spots is related to the transport of solutes in upland runoff to the peatland perimeter and not to the accumulation of MeHg in this zone as a result of transport from either the peatland interior or the surrounding upland watershed. These findings augment the understanding of peatland MeHg production in upland-peatland watersheds, provide guidance for more accurate quantification of MeHg pool sizes in the landscape, and a spatial framework for the further study of mercury methylation processes in peatlands. C1 [Mitchell, Carl P. J.; Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Mitchell, CPJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd,POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mitchellc@si.edu RI Mitchell, Carl/A-7212-2008 OI Mitchell, Carl/0000-0001-8538-5138 NR 36 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 11 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1016 DI 10.1021/es0704986 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800012 PM 18351065 ER PT J AU Shappell, NW Vrabel, MA Madsen, PJ Harrington, G Billey, LO Hakk, H Larsen, GL Beach, ES Horwitz, CP Ro, K Hunt, PG Collins, TJ AF Shappell, Nancy W. Vrabel, Melanie A. Madsen, Peter J. Harrington, Grant Billey, Lloyd O. Hakk, Heldur Larsen, Gerald L. Beach, Evan S. Horwitz, Colin P. Ro, Kyoung Hunt, Patrick G. Collins, Terrence J. TI Destruction of estrogens using Fe-TAML/peroxide catalysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; WASTE-WATER; NATURAL ESTROGENS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; BISPHENOL-A; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; OXIDATION; ESTRONE; ENVIRONMENT AB Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) impair living organisms by interfering with hormonal processes controlling cellular development. Reduction of EDCs in water by an environmentally benign method is an important green chemistry goal. One EDC, 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), the active ingredient in the birth control pill, is excreted by humans to produce a major source of artificial environmental estrogenicity, which is incompletely removed by current technologies used by municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs). Natural estrogens found in animal waste from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can also increase estrogenic activity of surface waters. An iron-tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand (Fe-TAML) activator in trace concentrations activates hydrogen peroxide and was shown to rapidly degrade these natural and synthetic reproductive hormones found in agricultural and municipal effluent streams. On the basis of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, apparent half-lives for 17 alpha and 17 beta-estradiol, estriol, estrone, and EE2 in the presence of Fe-TAML and hydrogen peroxide were approximately 5 min and included a concomitant loss of estrogenic activity as established by E-Screen assay. C1 [Shappell, Nancy W.; Harrington, Grant; Billey, Lloyd O.; Hakk, Heldur; Larsen, Gerald L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Anim Metab Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Vrabel, Melanie A.; Madsen, Peter J.; Beach, Evan S.; Horwitz, Colin P.; Collins, Terrence J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Inst Green Oxidat Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ro, Kyoung; Hunt, Patrick G.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Shappell, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Anim Metab Unit, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM nancy.shappell@ars.usda.gov RI Beach, Evan/K-9671-2013; Collins, Terrence/A-9807-2017 OI Beach, Evan/0000-0002-9413-8347; Collins, Terrence/0000-0003-2611-9184 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1296 EP 1300 DI 10.1021/es7022863 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800055 PM 18351108 ER PT J AU Kasari, TR Carr, DA Lynn, TV Weaver, JT AF Kasari, Thomas R. Carr, Deborah A. Lynn, Tracey V. Weaver, J. Todd TI Evaluation of pathways for release of Rift Valley fever virus into domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and human populations in the continental United States SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; VECTORS; AFRICA AB Objective-To evaluate the feasibility for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) to enter the continental United States by various routes as well as to identify states in which domestic and wild ruminant and human populations would be most vulnerable to exposure to RVFV. Study Design-Pathways analysis. Sample Population-Animals, commodities, and humans transported from RVFV-endemic countries to the continental United States between 2000 and 2005. Procedures-Initially, agent, host, and environmental factors important in the epidemiologic aspects of RVFV were used to develop a list of potential pathways for release of RVFV into the continental United States. Next, the feasibility of each pathway was evaluated by use of data contained in governmental and public domain sources. Finally, entry points into the continental United States for each feasible pathway were used to identify the domestic and wild ruminant and human populations at risk for exposure to RVFV. Results-Feasible pathways for entry of RVFV into the continental United States were importation of RVFV-infected animals, entry of RVFV-infected people, mechanical transport of RVFV-infected insect vectors, and smuggling of live virus. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and people in 14 states (Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia) appeared to be most vulnerable to exposure to RVFV. Pathways analysis can provide the requisite information needed to construct an effective targeted surveillance plan for RVFV to enable rapid detection and response by animal health and public health officials. C1 [Kasari, Thomas R.] USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Natl Surveillance Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lynn, Tracey V.; Weaver, J. Todd] USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Ctr Emerging Issues, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Carr, Deborah A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kasari, TR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Natl Surveillance Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 116 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 4 BP 514 EP 529 DI 10.2460/javma.232.4.514 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 262EL UT WOS:000253131700019 PM 18279085 ER PT J AU Elnitsky, MA Hayward, SAL Rinehart, JP Denlinger, DL Lee, RE AF Elnitsky, Michael A. Hayward, Scott A. L. Rinehart, Joseph P. Denlinger, David L. Lee, Richard E., Jr. TI Cryoprotective dehydration and the resistance to inoculative freezing in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chironomidae; cryoprotective dehydration; freeze tolerance; supercooling ID ONYCHIURUS-ARCTICUS TULLBERG; SUBZERO TEMPERATURES; COLD-HARDINESS; TOLERANCE; CHIRONOMIDAE; MECHANISMS; SURVIVAL; INSECTS; COCOONS; DIPTERA AB During winter, larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica ( Diptera, Chironomidae), must endure 7-8 months of continuous subzero temperatures, encasement in a matrix of soil and ice, and severely desiccating conditions. This environment, along with the fact that larvae possess a high rate of water loss and are extremely tolerant of desiccation, may promote the use of cryoprotective dehydration as a strategy for winter survival. This study investigates the capacity of larvae to resist inoculative freezing and undergo cryoprotective dehydration at subzero temperatures. Slow cooling to -3 degrees C in an environment at equilibrium with the vapor pressure of ice reduced larval water content by similar to 40% and depressed the body fluid melting point more than threefold to -2.6 degrees C. This melting point depression was the result of the concentration of existing solutes (i.e. loss of body water) and the de novo synthesis of osmolytes. By day 14 of the subzero exposure, larval survival was still >95%, suggesting larvae have the capacity to undergo cryoprotective dehydration. However, under natural conditions the use of cryoprotective dehydration may be constrained by inoculative freezing as result of the insect's intimate contact with environmental ice. During slow cooling within a substrate of frozen soil, the ability of larvae to resist inoculative freezing and undergo cryoprotective dehydration was dependent upon the moisture content of the soil. As detected by a reduction of larval water content, the percentage of larvae that resisted inoculative freezing increased with decreasing soil moisture. These results suggest that larvae of the Antarctic midge have the capacity to resist inoculative freezing at relatively low soil moisture contents and likely undergo cryoprotective dehydration when exposed to subzero temperatures during the polar winter. C1 [Elnitsky, Michael A.; Lee, Richard E., Jr.] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Hayward, Scott A. L.; Rinehart, Joseph P.; Denlinger, David L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hayward, Scott A. L.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. [Rinehart, Joseph P.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Elnitsky, MA (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM elnitsma@muohio.edu NR 34 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 12 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 4 BP 524 EP 530 DI 10.1242/jeb.011874 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 263CZ UT WOS:000253196500010 PM 18245628 ER PT J AU Butler, JE Wertz, N Weber, P Lagert, KM AF Butler, John E. Wertz, Nancy Weber, Patrick Lagert, Kelly M. TI Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus subverts repertoire development by proliferation of germline-encoded B cells of all isotypes bearing hydrophobic heavy chain CDR3 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEHYDROGENASE-ELEVATING VIRUS; V-H GENES; HUMAN-ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; NEONATAL PIGLETS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; PREIMMUNE REPERTOIRE AB Isolator piglets infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is related to the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus of mice, develop severe hypergammaglobulinemia, lymph node adenopathy, and autoimmune disease. Many of the polyclonally activated B cell clones bear hydrophobic H chain CDR3s (HCDR3s) and are disseminated to most lymphoid tissues. We show in this study that B cells with identical hydrophobic HCDR3s are expressed with all major isotypes in PRRSV-infected piglets (PIPs), explaining why PRRSV-induced hypergammaglobulinemia is seen in all major isotypes. Up to one-third of randomly selected VDJ clones from the respiratory tract of PIPs have hydrophobic HCDR3s exclusively bearing VDJ rearrangements with CDR1, CDR2, and nearly intact DR segments in germline configuration. These HCDR3s are long and D(H)A and DHB are exclusively used in reading frame 3. A minimal tripeptide motif containing three hydrophobic amino acids (Leu, Val, and lie) or any two plus alanine is common to this hydrophobic patch. We propose that PRRSV infection causes generalized Ag-independent B cell activation and hypergammaglobulinemia with biased expansion of a subpopulation of the preimmune repertoire with hydrophobic binding sites that normally disappears during Ag-driven repertoire diversification. Elevated Ig levels in PIP cannot be explained as antiviral Abs; some Igs can account for autoantibodies to dsDNA and Golgi, whereas those with hydrophobic binding sites may account for the Ig aggregates seen in PIPs and lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus-infected mice. This diversion from normal repertoire development may explain the delayed immune response to PRRSV. C1 [Butler, John E.; Wertz, Nancy; Weber, Patrick] Univ Iowa, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Lagert, Kelly M.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 51 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM john-butler@uiowa.edu NR 90 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 180 IS 4 BP 2347 EP 2356 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 260JC UT WOS:000253005600048 PM 18250444 ER PT J AU Koyuncu, I Arikan, OA Wiesner, MR Rice, C AF Koyuncu, Ismail Arikan, Osman A. Wiesner, Mark R. Rice, Clifford TI Removal of hormones and antibiotics by nanofiltration membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanofiltration; hormone; antibiotics; adsorption ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; WASTE-WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; FATE; PHARMACEUTICALS; EFFLUENT; SURFACE; CONTAMINATION AB The removal of several hormones and antibiotics by nanofiltration membranes was studied in mixed solutions. The effects of solution chemistry, organic matter and salinity were investigated on the rejection of tetracycline's and sulfanamides and selected hormones and their adsorption on membranes. Tetracyclines were observed to have a high adsorptive affinity for the membrane. Almost 80% of chlorotetracycline was adsorbed on the membrane surface compared with 50% for doxcycline while the adsorption rates for hormones were lower than those obtained for tetracyclines. Addition of calcium, organic matter and salinity had an influence on the rejections. Rejection of sulfanamides was low compared to hormones and tetracyclines. Addition of antibiotics to hormone solution increased the hormone rejections while almost complete rejections were observed for tetracyclines. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Koyuncu, Ismail; Arikan, Osman A.] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. [Arikan, Osman A.; Rice, Clifford] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wiesner, Mark R.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Koyuncu, I (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. EM koyuncu@itu.edu.tr RI koyuncu, ismail/J-6803-2013; ARIKAN, OSMAN/F-1193-2015 NR 41 TC 70 Z9 81 U1 7 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 309 IS 1-2 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 257QG UT WOS:000252813000011 ER PT J AU Jackson, TJ Moran, MS O'Neill, PE AF Jackson, T. J. Moran, M. S. O'Neill, P. E. TI Introduction to Soil Moisture Experiments 2004 (SMEX04) Special Issue SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jackson, T. J.; Moran, M. S.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [O'Neill, P. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM tjackson@hydrolab.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 301 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.01.021 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100001 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ Moran, S Bindlish, R AF Cosh, Michael H. Jackson, Thomas J. Moran, Susan Bindlish, Raiat TI Temporal persistence and stability of surface soil moisture in a semi-arid watershed SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; temporal stability; satellite remote sensing; dielectric measurements; rock fraction ID REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; VARIABILITY; SCALE; RETRIEVAL AB Satellite soil moisture products, such as those from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), require diverse landscapes for validation. Semi-arid landscapes present a particular challenge to satellite remote sensing validation using traditional techniques because of the high spatial variability and potentially rapid rates of temporal change in moisture conditions. In this study, temporal stability analysis and spatial sampling techniques are used to investigate the representativeness of ground observations at satellite scale soil moisture in a semi-arid watershed for a long study period (March 1, 2002 to September 13, 2005). The watershed utilized, the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, has a dense network of 19 soil moisture sensors, distributed over a 150 km(2) study region. In conjunction with this monitoring network, intensive gravimetric soil moisture sampling conducted as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2004 (SMEX04), contributed to the calibration of the network for large-scale estimation during the North American Monsoon System (NAMS). The sensor network is shown to be an excellent estimator of the watershed average with an accuracy of approximately 0.01 m(3)/m(3) soil moisture. However, temporal stability analysis indicated that while much of the network is stable, the soil moisture spatial pattern, as represented by mean relative difference, is not replicated by the network mean relative difference pattern. Rather, the network is composed of statistical samples. Geophysical aspects of the watershed, including topography and soil type are also examined for their influence on the soil moisture variability and stability. Soil type, as characterized by bulk density, clay and sand content, was responsible for nearly 50% of the temporal stability. Topographic effects were less important in defining representativeness and stability. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Moran, Susan] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bindlish, Raiat] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Michael.Cosh@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 24 TC 107 Z9 116 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 304 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.07.001 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100002 ER PT J AU Vivoni, ER Gebremichael, M Watts, CJ Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ AF Vivoni, Enrique R. Gebremichael, Mekonnen Watts, Christopher J. Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas J. TI Comparison of ground-based and remotely-sensed surface soil moisture estimates over complex terrain during SMEX04 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil Moisture Experiment 2004; North American monsoon; watershed soil moisture variability; aircraft remote sensing; topographic control; semiarid hydrology ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; SGP97 HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; TEMPORAL STABILITY; WATER CONTENT; SENSING FOOTPRINTS; VARIABILITY; TIME; PATTERNS; TRANSECT; MEXICO AB Comparisons to ground-based surface soil moisture estimates are necessary to evaluate the capability of remote sensors to determine Soil moisture and its spatiotemporal variability. Soil moisture can be especially variable in regions of complex terrain which exhibit large variations in vegetation, soil properties and hydrologic conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture in a mountainous basin in northwestern Mexico. Soil moisture estimates from ground sampling over a topographic transect and high resolution retrievals from the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer are compared during a two week period in August 2004 as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004. Results indicate that the soil moisture estimates exhibit similar variability with mean water content. Statistical analysis, however, reveals clear differences in soil moisture in the basin, in particular for wet periods and high elevations. Despite these differences, the temporal persistence of soil moisture from the estimates agrees well and indicates locations that capture the basin-averaged conditions. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal soil moisture characteristics from the two products are linked to terrain attributes. As a result, a hypsometric technique is shown to improve comparisons between basin-averaged values derived from ground data and remote sensing, as compared to arithmetic averaging. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to evaluate PSR/CX retrievals with respect to ground observations over a region of high topographic and vegetation variability using statistical, time-stability and terrain analysis techniques. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vivoni, Enrique R.; Gebremichael, Mekonnen] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Watts, Christopher J.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Fis, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. [Bindlish, Rajat; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vivoni, ER (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 801 Leroy Place,MSEC 244, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM vivoni@nmt.edu RI Gebremichael, Mekonnen/B-3584-2009; Vivoni, Enrique/E-1202-2012 OI Vivoni, Enrique/0000-0002-2659-9459 NR 34 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 314 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.028 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100003 ER PT J AU Li, FQ Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Prueger, JH Scott, RL AF Li, Fuqin Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Prueger, John H. Scott, Russell L. TI Effect of remote sensing spatial resolution on interpreting tower-based flux observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; spatial resolution; land surface flux; footprint ID RADIOMETRIC SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-FLUX; ENERGY FLUXES; VEGETATION INDEXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; 2-SOURCE MODEL; COVER; SOIL; VARIABILITY; LANDSCAPE AB Validation comparisons between satellite-based surface energy balance models and tower-based flux measurements over heterogeneous landscapes can be strongly influenced by the spatial resolution of the remote sensing inputs. In this paper, a two-source energy balance model developed to use thermal and visible/near-infrared remotely sensed data is applied to Landsat imagery collected during the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04) conducted in southern Arizona. Using a two dimensional flux-footprint algorithm, modeled surface fluxes are compared to tower measurements at three locations in the SMEX04 study area: two upland sites, and one riparian site. The effect of pixel resolution on evaluating the performance of the land surface model and interpreting spatial variations of land surface fluxes over these heterogeneous areas is evaluated. Three Landsat scenes were examined, one representing the dry season and the other two representing the relatively wet monsoon season. The model was run at three resolution scales: namely the Landsat visible/near-infrared band resolution (30 m), the Landsat 5 thermal band resolution (120 m), and 960 m, which is nominally the MODIS thermal resolution at near-nadir. Comparisons between modeled and measured fluxes at the three tower sites showed good agreement at the 30 m and 120 m resolutions - pixel scales at which the source area influencing the tower measurement (similar to 100 m) is reasonably resolved. At 960 m, the agreement is relatively poor, especially for the latent heat flux, due to subpixel heterogeneity in land surface conditions at scales exceeding the tower footprint. Therefore in this particular landscape, thermal data at 1-km resolution are not useful in assessing the intrinsic accuracy of the land-surface model in comparison with tower fluxes. Furthermore, important spatial patterns in the landscape are lost at this resolution. Currently, there are no definite plans supporting high resolution thermal data with regular global coverage below similar to 700 m after Landsat 5 and ASTER fail. This will be a serious problem for the application and validation of thermal-based land-surface models over heterogeneous landscapes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Li, Fuqin; Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Li, FQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Fuqin.Li@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 36 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 337 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.032 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100005 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, MT Hunt, ER Goins, LD Ustin, SL Vanderbilt, VC Jackson, TJ AF Yilmaz, M. Tugrul Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Goins, Lyssa D. Ustin, Susan L. Vanderbilt, Vern C. Jackson, Thomas J. TI Vegetation water content during SMEX04 from ground data and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE decision tree classification; equivalent water thickness; leaf area index; normalized difference infrared index; Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; DECISION TREE CLASSIFICATION; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; REFLECTANCE DATA; FUEL MOISTURE; LIQUID WATER; LAND-COVER; MODIS; SOIL AB Vegetation water content is an important parameter for retrieval of soil moisture from microwave data and for other remote sensing applications. Because liquid water absorbs in the shortwave infrared, the normalized difference infrared index (NDII), calculated from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper band 4 (0.76-0.90 mu m wavelength) and band 5 (1.55-1.65 mu m wavelength), can be used to determine canopy equivalent water thickness (EWT), which is defined as the water volume per leaf area times the leaf area index (LAI). Alternatively, average canopy EWT can be determined using a landcover classification, because different vegetation types have different average LAI at the peak of the growing season. The primary contribution of this study for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 was to sample vegetation for the Axizona and Sonora study areas. Vegetation was sampled to achieve a range of canopy EWT; LAI was measured using a plant canopy analyzer and digital hemispherical (fisheye) photographs. NDII was linearly related to measured canopy EWT with an R-2 of 0.601. Landcover of the Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico, study areas were classified with an overall accuracy of 70% using a rule-based decision tree using three dates of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery and digital elevation data. There was a large range of NDII per landcover class at the peak of the growing season, indicating that canopy EWT should be estimated directly using NDII or other shortwave-infrared vegetation indices. However, landcover classifications will still be necessary to obtain total vegetation water content from canopy EWT and other data, because considerable liquid water is contained in the non-foliar components of vegetation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul; Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, HRSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Goins, Lyssa D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vanderbilt, Vern C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, HRSL, Bldg 007,Room 104,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 350 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.029 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100006 ER PT J AU Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ Gasiewski, A Stankov, B Klein, M Cosh, MH Mladenova, I Watts, C Vivoni, E Lakshmi, V Bolten, J Keefer, T AF Bindlish, R. Jackson, T. J. Gasiewski, A. Stankov, B. Klein, M. Cosh, M. H. Mladenova, I. Watts, C. Vivoni, E. Lakshmi, V. Bolten, J. Keefer, T. TI Aircraft based soil moisture retrievals under mixed vegetation and topographic conditions SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; microwave; AMSR-E; hydrology ID POLARIMETRIC SCANNING RADIOMETER; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; AMSR-E; MICROWAVE EMISSION; C-BAND AB An unresolved issue in global soil moisture retrieval using passive microwave sensors is the spatial integration of heterogeneous landscape features to the nominal 50 km footprint observed by most low frequency satellite systems. One of the objectives of the Soil Moisture Experiments 2004 (SMEX04) was to address some aspects of this problem, specifically variability introduced by vegetation, topography and convective precipitation. Other goals included supporting the development of soil moisture data sets that would contribute to understanding the role of the land surface in the concurrent North American Monsoon System. SMEX04 was conducted over two regions: Arizona - semi-arid climate with sparse vegetation and moderate topography, and Sonora (Mexico) - moderate vegetation with strong topographic gradients. The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR/CX) was flown on a Naval Research Lab P-3B aircraft as part of SMEX04 (10 dates of coverage over Arizona and 11 over Sonora). Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) was observed in both PSR and satellite-based (AMSR-E) observations at 6.92 GHz over Arizona, but no detectable RFI was observed over the Sonora domain. The PSR estimated soil moisture was in agreement with the ground-based estimates of soil moisture over both domains. The estimated error over the Sonora domain (SEE=0.021 cm(3)/cm(3)) was higher than over the Arizona domain (SEE=0.014 cm(3)/cm(3)). These results show the possibility of estimating soil moisture in areas of moderate and heterogeneous vegetation and high topographic variability. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, T. J.; Cosh, M. H.; Bolten, J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bindlish, R.] USDA ARS, SSAI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gasiewski, A.; Klein, M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stankov, B.] NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [Mladenova, I.; Lakshmi, V.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Watts, C.] Univ Sonora, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Vivoni, E.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Keefer, T.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bindlish, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rajat.bindlish@ars.usda.gov RI Vivoni, Enrique/E-1202-2012; Bolten, John/F-9006-2012; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Vivoni, Enrique/0000-0002-2659-9459; Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.01.024 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100008 ER PT J AU Rahman, MM Moran, MS Thoma, DP Bryant, R Collins, CDH Jackson, T Orr, BJ Tischler, M AF Rahman, M. M. Moran, M. S. Thoma, D. P. Bryant, R. Collins, C. D. Holifield Jackson, T. Orr, B. J. Tischler, M. TI Mapping surface roughness and soil moisture using multi-angle radar imagery without ancillary data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; surface roughness; radar; ENVISAT-ASAR; Integral Equation Model; active microwave ID BACKSCATTERING; LENGTH AB The Integral Equation Model (IEM) is the most widely-used, physically based radar backscatter model for sparsely vegetated landscapes. In general, IEM quantifies the magnitude of backscattering as a function of moisture content and surface roughness, which are unknown, and the known radar configurations. Estimating surface roughness or soil moisture by solving the IEM with two unknowns is a classic example of underdetermination and is at the core of the problems associated with the use of radar imagery coupled with IEM-like models. This study offers a solution strategy to this problem by the use of multi-angle radar images, and thus provides estimates of roughness and soil moisture without the use of ancillary field data. Results showed that radar images can provide estimates of surface soil moisture at the watershed scale with good accuracy. Results at the field scale were less accurate, likely due to the influence of image speckle. Results also showed that subsurface roughness caused by rock fragments in the study sites caused error in conventional applications of IEM based on field measurements, but was minimized by using the multi-angle approach. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rahman, M. M.; Moran, M. S.; Thoma, D. P.; Bryant, R.; Collins, C. D. Holifield] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jackson, T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Orr, B. J.] Univ Arizona, Off Arid Land Studies, Tucson, AZ USA. [Tischler, M.] USA, Eng Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Rahman, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM magfur@sasktel.net NR 19 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.026 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100009 ER PT J AU Thoma, DP Moran, MS Bryant, R Rahman, MM Collins, CDH Keefer, TO Noriega, R Osman, I Skrivin, SM Tischler, MA Bosch, DD Starks, PJ Peters-Lidard, CD AF Thoma, D. P. Moran, M. S. Bryant, R. Rahman, M. M. Collins, C. D. Holifield Keefer, T. O. Noriega, R. Osman, I. Skrivin, S. M. Tischler, M. A. Bosch, D. D. Starks, P. J. Peters-Lidard, C. D. TI Appropriate scale of soil moisture retrieval from high resolution radar imagery for bare and minimally vegetated soils SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE radar; soil moisture; scale ID SAR DATA; SURFACE; BACKSCATTERING; NOISE; MODEL AB This research investigates the appropriate scale for watershed averaged and site specific soil moisture retrieval from high resolution radar imagery. The first approach involved filtering backscatter for input to a retrieval model that was compared against field measures of soil moisture. The second approach involved spatially averaging raw and filtered imagery in an image-based statistical technique to determine the best scale for site-specific soil moisture retrieval. Field soil moisture was measured at 1225 m(2) sites in three watersheds commensurate with 7 m resolution Radarsat image acquisition. Analysis of speckle reducing block median filters indicated that 5 x 5 filter level was the optimum for watershed averaged estimates of soil moisture. However, median filtering alone did not provide acceptable accuracy for soil moisture retrieval on a site-specific basis. Therefore, spatial averaging of unfiltered and median filtered power values was used to generate backscatter estimates with known confidence for soil moisture retrieval. This combined approach of filtering and averaging was demonstrated at watersheds located in Arizona (AZ), Oklahoma (OK) and Georgia (GA). The optimum ground resolution for AZ, OK and GA study areas was 162 m, 310 m, and 1131 m respectively obtained with unfiltered imagery. This statistical approach does not rely on ground verification of soil moisture for validation and only requires a satellite image and average roughness parameters of the site. When applied at other locations, the resulting optimum ground resolution will depend on the spatial distribution of land surface features that affect radar backscatter. This work offers insight into the accuracy of soil moisture retrieval, and an operational approach to determine the optimal spatial resolution for the required application accuracy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Thoma, D. P.; Moran, M. S.; Bryant, R.; Collins, C. D. Holifield; Keefer, T. O.; Skrivin, S. M.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Rahman, M. M.] Saskatchewan Environm Planning & Risk Analysis Di, Regina, SK, Canada. [Osman, I.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tischler, M. A.] USA, Corps Eng Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. [Bosch, D. D.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Ctr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Starks, P. J.] USDA ARS, Nat Resources Res Unit, El Reno, OK USA. [Peters-Lidard, C. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch Code 6143, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Thoma, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dave_thoma@nps.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 403 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.06.021 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100010 ER PT J AU Das, NN Mohanty, BP Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ AF Das, N. N. Mohanty, B. P. Cosh, M. H. Jackson, T. J. TI Modeling and assimilation of root zone soil moisture using remote sensing observations in Walnut Gulch Watershed during SMEX04 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SMEX04; root zone soil moisture; data assimilation; soil properties ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; UNSATURATED FLOW; SGP97 AB Soil moisture status in the root zone is an important component of the water cycle at all spatial scales (e.g., point, field, catchment, watershed, and region). In this study, the spatio-temporal evolution of root zone soil moisture of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona was investigated during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Root zone soil moisture was estimated via assimilation of aircraft-based remotely sensed surface soil moisture into a distributed Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model. An ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) based on a Kalman filtering scheme was used for assimilating the aircraft-based soil moisture observations at a spatial resolution of 800 m x 800 m. The SWAP model inputs were derived from the SSURGO soil database, LAI (Leaf Area Index) data from SMEX04 database, and data from meteorological stations/rain gauges at the WGEW. Model predictions are presented in terms of temporal evolution of soil moisture probability density function at various depths across the WGEW. The assimilation of the remotely sensed surface soil moisture observations had limited influence on the profile soil moisture. More specifically, root zone soil moisture depended mostly on the soil type. Modeled soil moisture profile estimates were compared to field measurements made periodically during the experiment at the ground based soil moisture stations in the watershed. Comparisons showed that the ground-based soil moisture observations at various depths were within +/-1 standard deviation of the modeled profile soil moisture. Density plots of root zone soil moisture at various depths in the WGEW exhibited multi-modal variations due to the uneven distribution of precipitation and the heterogeneity of soil types and soil layers across the watershed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Das, N. N.; Mohanty, B. P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cosh, M. H.; Jackson, T. J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mohanty, BP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bmohanty@tamu.edu RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.027 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 261GW UT WOS:000253068100011 ER PT J AU Grant, CA Clarke, JM Duguid, S Chaney, RL AF Grant, C. A. Clarke, J. M. Duguid, S. Chaney, R. L. TI Selection and breeding of plant cultivars to minimize cadmium accumulation SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE plant breeding; durum wheat; soybean; sunflower; rice; peanut; flax; linseed ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; DIFFERENT RICE CULTIVARS; STRONGFIELD DURUM-WHEAT; MAIZE INBRED LINES; LACTUCA-SATIVA L; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; NUTRIENT SOLUTION; CD ACCUMULATION; POTATO-TUBERS; ORYZA-SATIVA AB Natural variation occurs in the uptake and distribution of essential and nonessential trace elements among crop species and among cultivars within. species. Such variation can be responsible for trace element deficiencies and toxicities, which in turn can affect the quality of food. Plant breeding can be an important tool to both increase the concentration of desirable trace elements and reduce that of potentially harmful trace elements such as cadmium (Cd). Selection programs for a low-Cd content of various crops, including durum wheat, sunflower, lice and soybean have been established and low-Cd durum wheat cultivars and sunflower hybrids have been developed. In durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum), low-Cd concentration is controlled by a single dominant gene. The trait is highly heritable, and incorporation of the low-Cd allele can help to reduce the average grain Cd to levels below proposed international limits. The allele for low-Cd concentration does not appear to affect major economic traits and should not cause problems when incorporated into durum cultivars. The cost of Cd selection in a breeding program is initially large both in terms of Cd determination and reduced progress towards development of other economic traits, but declines as more breeding lines in the program carry the low-Cd trait and are utilized in new crosses. Production of low-Cd crop cultivars can be used as a tool to reduce the risk of movement of Cd into the human diet. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Grant, C. A.] AAFC Brandon Res Ctr, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. [Clarke, J. M.] AAFC Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. [Duguid, S.] AAFC Morden Res Stn, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada. [Chaney, R. L.] USDA, ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Grant, CA (reprint author), AAFC Brandon Res Ctr, Box 1000A,RR 3, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. EM cgrant@agr.gc.ca NR 109 TC 158 Z9 205 U1 17 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 2-3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.038 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 253SQ UT WOS:000252538300001 PM 18036635 ER PT J AU Lippolis, V Pascale, M Maragos, CM Visconti, A AF Lippolis, Vincenzo Pascale, Michelangelo Maragos, Chris M. Visconti, Angelo TI Improvement of detection sensitivity of T-2 and HT-2 toxins using different fluorescent labeling reagents by high-performance liquid chromatography SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE 1-naphthoyl chloride; 2-naphthoyl chloride; pyrene-1-carbonyl cyanide; fluorescent labeling reagents; T-2 and HT-2 toxins ID COUMARIN-3-CARBONYL CHLORIDE; TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; IMMUNOAFFINITY CLEANUP; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; B-TRICHOTHECENE; CEREAL-GRAINS; DERIVATIZATION; DERIVATIVES; MAIZE AB T-2 and HT-2 toxins are Fusarium mycotoxins that can occur in cereals and cereal-based products. Three fluorescent labeling reagents, i.e. 1-naphthoyl chloride (1-NC), 2-naphthoyl chloride (2-NC) and pyrene-l-carbonyl cyanide (PCC), were used for the determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FD). Pre-column derivatization of T-2 and HT-2 toxins was carried out under mild conditions (50 degrees C, 10 min) in toluene with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst. All fluorescent derivatives were identified and characterized by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Optimal stoichiometric ratios (toxin:derivatizing reagent:catalyst), linear range and repeatability of the reaction, stability and sensitivity of the derivatives were determined. A wide linear range (10-1000 ng of either derivatized T-2 or HT-2 toxin), good stability (up to 2 weeks at -20 degrees C or 5 days at room temperature) of the fluorescent derivatives and good repeatability of the reaction (RSD <= 8%) were observed. Detection limits (based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1) were 10.0, 6.3 and 2.0 ng for derivatized T-2 toxin and 6.3, 2.3 and 2.8 ng for derivatized HT-2 toxin with 1-NC, 2-NC and PCC, respectively. In terms of sensitivity and repeatability, PCC and 2-NC reagents showed better performance than 1-anthroyinitrile (1-AN), a previously reported labeling reagent for T-2- and HT-2 toxins. Preliminary studies also showed the applicability of PCC and 2-NC as fluorescent labeling reagents for the simultaneous determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereal grains by HPLC/FD following immunoaffinity column clean-up. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lippolis, Vincenzo; Pascale, Michelangelo; Visconti, Angelo] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Maragos, Chris M.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lippolis, V (reprint author), CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, Via G Amendola 122-O, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM vincenzo.lippolis@ispa.cnr.it OI Pascale, Michelangelo/0000-0002-3898-1030 NR 16 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1476 EP 1483 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.09.024 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 267NC UT WOS:000253514700052 PM 18371806 ER PT J AU Yoo, J Chang, HH Bae, YH Seong, CN Choe, NH Lillehoj, HS Park, JH Min, W AF Yoo, Jeongmi Chang, Hong H. Bae, Yeong H. Seong, Chi-Nam Choe, Nong-Hoon Lillehoj, Hyun S. Park, Jong-Hyeon Min, Wongi TI Monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken interleukin-17 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chickens; interleukin-17; monoclonal antibody ID T-CELLS; INFECTION; CYTOKINES; GENE; TH17 AB Chicken interleukin-17 (chIL-17) gene was previously characterized through cloning from a chicken intestinal expressed sequence tag (EST) cDNA library. To further investigate the biological properties of chIL-17, six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a bacterially expressed chIL-17 recombinant protein were produced and their binding specificities characterized. Antibodies which were initially selected on the basis of their specific binding reactivity with recombinant chIL-17 in ELISA were further characterized by Western blot analysis. Monoclonal antibodies specific for chIL-17 identified 20 and 21 kDa protein bands in the culture supernatant and cell lysate of CU205 cells. These mAbs also recognized specific bands for chIL-17 in the cell lysate from conconavalin A (Con A)-activated, but not from normal splenic lymphocytes. Furthermore, these mAbs detected a 16 kDa protein in the lysate of CU205 cells treated with tunicamycin and stained an intracellular protein in CU205 cells in flow cytometric analysis. Together, these results indicate that these new mAbs are specific for chIL-17 and will be a useful tool for structural and immunological studies of IL-17 in poultry. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoo, Jeongmi; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Chang, Hong H.] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Bae, Yeong H.; Seong, Chi-Nam] Sunchon Natl Univ, Sunchon 540742, South Korea. [Choe, Nong-Hoon] Konkuk Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] USDA ARS, APDL, ANRI, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Park, Jong-Hyeon] Minist Agr & Forestry, Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 430824, South Korea. [Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Chinju, South Korea. RP Min, W (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, 900 Gajwa Dong, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. EM wongimin@gsnu.ac.kr OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.10.004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 268TD UT WOS:000253601400018 PM 18022248 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, cyclophilin A and B cDNA characterization and expression analysis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclophilin; peptidyl-prolyl isomerase; channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus ID PEPTIDYL-PROLYL ISOMERASE; PROTEIN-CYCLOPHILIN; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; T-CELLS; BINDING; CD147; GENE; FAMILY; IMMUNOPHILINS; SOFTWARE AB The preliminary observation of up-regulation of cyclophilin transcripts during Edwardsiella ictaluri infection prompted us to speculate on the potential importance of cyclophilins in the early stage of infection. To provide a framework for answering these questions, two cyclophilin cDNA of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were identified, sequenced and characterized. The complete nucleotide sequences of cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B cDNA consisted of 1170 and 996 bases, respectively. Analyses of the sequences revealed each had one open reading frame potentially encoding 164 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 17,450 Da and 216 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 23,852 Da for cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B, respectively. The degrees of conservation of channel catfish cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B amino acid sequences to counterparts of other species ranged from 74 to 84% and 80 to 92%, respectively. Both cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B transcripts were constitutively expressed in all tissues of channel catfish examined in this study. These results provide valuable information not only for further exploring the roles of cyclophilins in fish immune responses to infection, but also for production of polyclonal/monoclonal antibodies for channel catfish cyclophilins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 900 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM yyeh@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3-4 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.09.015 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 268TD UT WOS:000253601400020 PM 18001845 ER PT J AU Prestrud, KW Dubey, JP Asbakk, K Fuglei, E Su, C AF Prestrud, Kristin Wear Dubey, J. P. Asbakk, Kjetil Fuglei, Eva Su, C. TI First isolate of Toxoplasma gondii from arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) from Svalbard SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alopex lagopus; BSR4; genotyping; GRA6; Svalbard; Toxoplasma gondii; Vulpes lagopus ID ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; RED FOXES; CATS; OOCYSTS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES; NORWAY AB Cats are considered essential for the maintenance of Toxoplasma gondii in nature. However, T gondii infection has been reported in arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) from the Svalbard high arctic archipelago where felids are virtually absent. To identify the potential source of T gondii, we attempted to isolate and genetically characterize the parasite from arctic foxes in Svalbard. Eleven foxes were trapped live in Grumant (78 degrees 11'N, 15 degrees 09'E), Svalbard, in September 2005 and 2006. One of the foxes was found to be seropositive to T gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). The fox was euthanized and its heart and brain were bioassayed in mice for the isolation of T gondii. All 10 mice inoculated with brain tissue and one of the five inoculated with heart developed MAT antibodies, and tissue cysts were found in the brains of seropositive mice. Two cats fed tissues from infected mice shed T gondii oocysts. Genotyping using 10 PCR-RFLP markers and DNA sequencing of gene loci BSR4, GRA6, UPRT1 and UPRT2 determined the isolate to be Type 11 strain, the predominant T gondii lineage in the world. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Prestrud, Kristin Wear; Asbakk, Kjetil] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci NVH, Sect Arct Vet Med, N-9010 Oslo, Norway. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Nat Resource Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fuglei, Eva] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Prestrud, KW (reprint author), Norwegian Sch Vet Sci NVH, Sect Arct Vet Med, Stakkevollveien 23, N-9010 Oslo, Norway. EM kristin.prestrud@veths.no RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 14 PY 2008 VL 151 IS 2-4 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.011 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 261EA UT WOS:000253060700002 PM 18096319 ER PT J AU Sundar, N Cole, RA Thomas, NJ Majumdar, D Dubey, JP Su, C AF Sundar, N. Cole, R. A. Thomas, N. J. Majumdar, D. Dubey, J. P. Su, C. TI Genetic diversity among sea otter isolates of Toxoplasma gondii SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; sea otters (Enhydra lutris); genotyping; DNA sequencing; Washington state; California ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; SOUTH-AMERICA; GENOTYPE; STRAINS; COMMON; BRAZIL AB Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been reported to become infected with Toxoplasma gondii and at times succumb to clinical disease. Here, we determined genotypes of 39 T gondii isolates from 37 sea otters in two geographically distant locations (25 from California and 12 from Washington). Six genotypes were identified using 10 PCR-RFLP genetic markers including SAG 1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico, and by DNA sequencing of loci SAG1 and GRA6 in 13 isolates. Of these 39 isolates, 13 (33%) were clonal Type II which can be further divided into two groups at the locus Apico. Two of the 39 isolates had Type II alleles at all loci except a Type I allele at locus L358. One isolate had Type II alleles at all loci except the Type I alleles at loci L358 and Apico. One isolate had Type III alleles at all loci except Type H alleles at SAG2 and Apico. Two sea otter isolates had a mixed infection. Twenty-one (54%) isolates had an unique allele at SAG1 locus. Further genotyping or DNA sequence analysis for 18 of these 21 isolates at loci SAG1 and GRA6 revealed that there were two different genotypes, including the previously identified Type X (four isolates) and a new genotype named Type A (14 isolates). The results from this study suggest that the sea otter isolates are genetically diverse. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sundar, N.; Majumdar, D.] USDA, ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cole, R. A.; Thomas, N. J.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Madison, WI USA. [Majumdar, D.; Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 14 PY 2008 VL 151 IS 2-4 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.012 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 261EA UT WOS:000253060700004 PM 18155841 ER PT J AU Lehtinen, LE Birkenheuer, AJ Droleskey, RE Holman, PJ AF Lehtinen, Lauren E. Birkenheuer, Adam J. Droleskey, Robert E. Holman, Patricia J. TI In vitro cultivation of a newly recognized Babesia sp in dogs in North Carolina SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia sp.; canine babesiosis; HL-1 medium; microaerophilous stationary phase culture; RPMI-1640; small subunit ribosomal RNA gene; transmission electron microscopy ID RABBITS SYLVILAGUS-FLORIDANUS; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; ERYTHROCYTIC STAGES; CULTURE; DIVERGENS; GIBSONI; CABALLI; EQUI; CANADENSIS AB A novel large Babesia sp. from an infected dog was cultivated in vitro by microaerophilous stationary phase culture methodology. A primary culture initiated in enriched RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 40% canine serum and incubated in a 2% oxygen environment supported parasite growth in vitro. Subsequent subcultures into enriched HL-1 medium with 20% fetal bovine serum also supported parasite propagation. Cultures were successfully introduced to 5% carbon dioxide in air atmosphere at passage 4. To date, the parasites have been continuously cultured through 35 passages, although the parasitemias are low, ranging from 0.2 to 0.3%. Parasites cultured in RPMI with canine serum were cryopreserved and successfully recovered from liquid nitrogen storage. The small subunit ribosomal rRNA gene sequence was identical in blood-derived and culture-derived parasites, differing in a single base position from the previously reported sequence for this Babesia sp. The ultrastructure of the parasite was consistent with that of other large Babesia spp., except that the spherical body contained numerous round particles unlike the inclusions previously described in Babesia spp. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lehtinen, Lauren E.; Holman, Patricia J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Birkenheuer, Adam J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Droleskey, Robert E.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Holman, PJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, TAMU MS 4467,Room 215 VMS Bldg, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pholman@cvm.tamu.edu NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 14 PY 2008 VL 151 IS 2-4 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.10.022 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 261EA UT WOS:000253060700007 PM 18083310 ER PT J AU Sun, G Noormets, A Chen, J McNulty, SG AF Sun, G. Noormets, A. Chen, J. McNulty, S. G. TI Evapotranspiration estimates from eddy covariance towers and hydrologic modeling in managed forests in Northern Wisconsin, USA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; eddy covariance; MIKE SHE modeling; management; Wisconsin ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; FLORIDA FLATWOODS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; WATER; CLIMATE; PINE; BALANCE; ENERGY; TEMPERATURE AB Direct measurement of ecosystem evapotranspiration by the eddy covariance method and simulation modeling were employed to quantify the growing season (May-October) evapotranspiration (ET) of eight forest ecosystems representing a management gradient in dominant forest types and age classes in the Upper Great Lakes Region from 2002 to 2003. We measured net exchange of water vapor fluxes in a 63-year-old mature hardwood (MHW) stand, a 60-year-old mature red pine (MRP) stand, a 3-year-old young hardwood (YHW) stand, a 17-year-old intermediate hardwood (IHW) stand, a young red pine (YRP age 8) stand, an intermediate red pine (IRP age 21) stand, and two pine barren ecosystems burned 12 years (FBI) and 2 years (PB2) ago. Field data suggested that there were no significant differences in growing season (June-September) ET/precipitation ratio among all ecosystems in 2002. However, PB2 had significantly lower ET/precipitation than those of other ecosystems in 2003. The ratios were much higher for all ecosystems, up to 0.90 for IHW, during the peak summer months (June-July). PB2 was the lowest (0.64) during that period. Stand leaf area index alone did not explain ecosystem ET at the landscape scale. Seasonal ET values measured by the eddy covariance method were significantly lower than those simulated with a process-based hydrologic model, MIKE SHE. Our integration approach combined with field measurements and simulation modeling proved to be useful in providing a full picture of the effects of forest cover type change on landscape scale water balance at multiple temporal scales. The ET procedure used in the MIKE SHE model needs improvement to fully account for the effects of vapor pressure deficit on tree transpiration. Seasonal distributions of ET coincided with precipitation in the growing season, when fluxes estimated by both field and models were the highest. The simulation model suggests that removal of conifer forests in the study region may reduce ET immediately by 113-30 mm/year or about 20%, but our field data suggests that ET can recover within 8-25 years from re-growth of hardwood forests. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, G.; McNulty, S. G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Noormets, A.; Chen, J.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; NR 41 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.010 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 274TB UT WOS:000254022900009 ER PT J AU Ricciuto, DM Butler, MP Davis, KJ Cook, BD Bakwin, PS Andrews, A Teclaw, RM AF Ricciuto, Daniel M. Butler, Martha P. Davis, Kenneth J. Cook, Bruce D. Bakwin, Peter S. Andrews, Arlyn Teclaw, Ronald M. TI Causes of interannual variability in ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange in a northern Wisconsin forest using a Bayesian model calibration SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; eddy covariance; respiration; ecosystems, managed and natural ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; EDDY COVARIANCE; TALL TOWER; LONG-TERM; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; NET PRIMARY AB Variability in fluxes of CO2 observed at the WLEF tall tower in northern Wisconsin was analyzed for the years 1997-2004. During this time, the WLEF region was a source of CO2 to the atmosphere averaging 120 g C m(-2) year(-1), with a range of interannual variability of 140 g C m(-2) year(-1). Random uncertainty in annual sums of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) due to turbulent variability and gap-filling was estimated to be 15-20 g C m(-2) year(-1). Although magnitudes of NEE sums were affected systematically by the choice of friction velocity (u*) threshold, this choice had little effect on interannual variability of annual sums. The WLEF region was, on average, a source of carbon from 1997 to 2004 regardless of the u* threshold applied. Interannually, daytime NEE sums varied more than nighttime NEE sums, and spring and summer NEE sums varied more than autumn and winter NEE sums. Interannual variations in seasonal sums of daytime, nighttime and total NEE were often strongly correlated with changes in soil moisture and soil temperature. Standard nonlinear gap-filling regression models of respiration and gross ecosystem productivity were extended to incorporate the effects of soil moisture and phenology and combined into a single model of NEE. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) data assimilation technique was performed using observed WLEF NEE to derive full probability density functions (PDFs) of time-invariant model parameters. Prior values had little effect on posterior parameter PDFs, but significant differences in parameter PDFs occurred depending on whether daytime NEE, nighttime NEE, or total NEE data were used. This simple model was moderately successful in producing statistically significant correlations with interannual variations in annual and growing season NEE sums, but was generally unsuccessful in spring and autumn. In all cases, the model underestimated the degree of variability in NEE sums. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ricciuto, Daniel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Butler, Martha P.; Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cook, Bruce D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bakwin, Peter S.; Andrews, Arlyn] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Teclaw, Ronald M.] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Ricciuto, DM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6335, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ricciutodm@ornl.gov RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016 OI Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021 NR 69 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 309 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.007 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 274TB UT WOS:000254022900012 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Lau, FC Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Lau, Francis C. Joseph, James A. TI Berry fruit supplementation and the aging brain SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Berry Health Benefits Symposium CY JUN 11-12, 2007 CL Corvallis, OR SP Oregon Raspberry & Blackberry Commiss, Oregon Strawberry Commiss, Calif Strawberry Commiss, Washington Red Raspbery Commiss, Wild Blueberry Assoc N Amer, US Highbush Blueberry Council, Cranberry Inst DE berries; supplementation; brain; aging; cognition; antioxidants; anti-inflammatories; polyphenols; signaling ID CEREBELLAR NORADRENERGIC FUNCTION; NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; AGED RATS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AB The onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, superimposed on a declining nervous system, could exacerbate the motor and cognitive behavioral deficits that normally occur in senescence. In cases of severe deficits in memory or motor function, hospitalization and/or custodial care would be a likely outcome. This means that unless some way is found to reduce these age-related decrements in neuronal function, health-care costs will continue to rise exponentially. Thus, it is extremely important to explore methods to retard or reverse agerelated neuronal deficits, as well as their subsequent behavioral manifestations, to increase healthy aging. In this regard, consumption of diets rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory polyphenolics, such as those found in fruits and vegetables, may lower the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Research suggests that the polyphenolic compounds found in berry fruits, such as blueberries and strawberries, may exert their beneficial effects either through their ability to lower oxidative stress and inflammation or directly by altering the signaling involved in neuronal communication, calcium buffering ability, neuroprotective stress shock proteins, plasticity, and stress signaling pathways. These interventions, in turn, may exert protection against age-related deficits in cognitive and motor function. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the benefits of these interventions in rodent models and to describe the putative molecular mechanisms involved in their benefits. C1 [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Lau, Francis C.; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 93 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 636 EP 641 DI 10.1021/jf072505f PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100003 PM 18211020 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, XL Gu, LW Hager, TJ Hager, A Howard, LR AF Prior, Ronald L. Wu, Xianli Gu, Liwei Hager, Tiffany J. Hager, Aaron Howard, Luke R. TI Whole berries versus berry anthocyanins: Interactions with dietary fat levels in the C57BL/6J mouse model of obesity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Berry Health Benefits Symposium CY JUN 11-12, 2007 CL Corvallis, OR SP Oregon Raspberry & Blackberry Commiss, Oregon Strawberry Commiss, Calif Strawberry Commiss, Washington Red Raspbery Commiss, Wild Blueberry Assoc N Amer, US Highbush Blueberry Council, Cranberry Inst DE anthocyanin; blueberry; body composition; cyanidin; glucose tolerance; obesity; pelargonidin; strawberry ID UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; CONSUMPTION; CYANIDIN; PIGS; MICE AB Male C57BL/6J mice received diets with either 10% of calories from fat (LF) or a high-fat diet [45% (HF45) or 60% (HF60) calories from fat] for 92 days (expt 1) or 70 days (expt 2). These were given with or without freeze-dried powders from whole blueberries (BB) or strawberries (SB) (expt 1) or purified anthocyanin extracts from BB or SB (expt 2). Body composition was determined utilizing Echo MRI. Berries added to the LF diet did not alter weight gain, final body weights, body fat, or protein (percent body weight) or diet (grams) or energy (kilocalories) intake. However, in both HF45-and HF60-fed mice, weight gain, final weights, body fat (percent), and epididymal fat weights increased and body protein decreased (p < 0.01) compared to LF mice. In mice fed HF45 diet plus BB, body weight gains, body fat (percent of BW), and epididymal fat weights were significantly greater than those in the HF45-fed controls, whereas weights of mice fed SB HF were similar to those of HF controls. SB or BB feeding did not alter glucose tolerance, although glucose tolerance decreased with age and in HF45 versus LF mice. Baseline plasma glucose was lower in SB- versus HF45-fed mice. After 8 weeks, mice fed the HF60 diet plus purified anthocyanins from BB in the drinking water had lower body weight gains and body fat than the HF60-fed controls. Anthocyanins fed as the whole blueberry did not prevent and may have actually increased obesity. However, feeding purified anthocyanins from blueberries or strawberries reduced obesity. C1 [Prior, Ronald L.; Wu, Xianli; Gu, Liwei; Hager, Tiffany J.; Hager, Aaron; Howard, Luke R.] USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.; Hager, Tiffany J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uanis.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011; Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 10 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.1021/jf071993o PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100005 PM 18211017 ER PT J AU Hager, TJ Howard, LR Liyanage, R Lay, JO Prior, RL AF Hager, Tiffany J. Howard, Luke R. Liyanage, Rohana Lay, Jackson O. Prior, Ronald L. TI Ellagitannin composition of blackberry as determined by HPLC-ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Berry Health Benefits Symposium CY JUN 11-12, 2007 CL Corvallis, OR SP Oregon Raspberry & Blackberry Commiss, Oregon Strawberry Commiss, Calif Strawberry Commiss, Washington Red Raspbery Commiss, Wild Blueberry Assoc N Amer, US Highbush Blueberry Council, Cranberry Inst DE ellagitannins; blackberry; HPLC-ESI-MS; MALDI-TOF-MS ID ELLAGIC ACID; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; POMEGRANATE JUICE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYPHENOLS; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM AB Blackberries (Rubus sp.) were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to identify the ellagitannins present in flesh, torus (receptacle tissue), and seeds. Most ellagitannins were present (or detectable) only in seed tissues. Ellagitannins identified by HPLC-ESI-MS in the seeds included pedunculagin, casuarictin/potentillin, castalagin/vescalagin, lambertianin A/sanguiin H-6, lambertianin C, and lambertianin D. For several of the ellagitannins, isomeric separation was also obtained. The MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was primarily utilized to evaluate and identify high molecular mass (> 1000 Da) ellagitannins. The MALDI analysis verified the presence of the ellagitannins identified by HPLC-ESI-MS including lambertianin A/sanguiin H-6, lambertianin C, and lambertianin D, but the analysis also indicated the presence of several other compounds that were most likely ellagitannins based on the patterns observed in the masses (i.e., loss or addition of a gallic acid moiety to a known ellagitannin). This study determined the presence of several possible isomeric forms of ellagitannins previously unidentified in fruit and presents a possible analytical HPLC method for the analysis of the major ellagitannins present in the fruit. C1 [Hager, Tiffany J.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Hager, Tiffany J.; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Liyanage, Rohana; Lay, Jackson O.] Univ Arkansas Statewide Mass Spect Facil, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 NR 33 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 661 EP 669 DI 10.1021/jf071990b PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100007 PM 18211030 ER PT J AU Hager, TJ Howard, LR Prior, RL AF Hager, Tiffany J. Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. TI Processing and storage effects on monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and antioxidant capacity of processed blackberry products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Berry Health Benefits Symposium CY JUN 11-12, 2007 CL Corvallis, OR SP Oregon Raspberry & Blackberry Commiss, Oregon Strawberry Commiss, Calif Strawberry Commiss, Washington Red Raspbery Commiss, Wild Blueberry Assoc N Amer, US Highbush Blueberry Council, Cranberry Inst DE blackberries; anthocyanins; polymeric color; antioxidant; processing and storage ID BLUEBERRY JUICE; FRUIT; VEGETABLES; PLASMA; DEGRADATION; PHENOLICS; CANCER; FOOD; POLYPHENOLICS; ABSORPTION AB Blackberries are a rich source of polyphenolics, particularly anthocyanins, that may contribute to the reduced risk of chronic disease; however, as with most berries, the fresh fruit are only seasonally available. With most of the blackberries consumed as frozen or in thermally processed forms after long-term storage, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of processing and 6 months of storage on the anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of blackberries that were individually quick-frozen (IQF), canned-in-syrup, canned-in-water, pureed, and juiced (clarified and nonclarified). Monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and antioxidant capacity by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL)) and photochemiluminescence (PCL) were determined postprocessing (1 day) and after 1, 3, and 6 months of storage. Processing resulted in increases in polymeric color values (up to 7%) and losses in monomeric anthocyanins (up to 65%). For most products, processing also resulted in losses in antioxidant capacity (by ORACFL and PCL). Storage at 25 degrees C of all processed products resulted in dramatic losses in monomeric anthocyanins with as much as 75% losses of anthocyanins throughout storage, which coincided with marked increases of percent polymeric color values of these products over 6 months of storage. There were no changes in ORACFL or PCL for processed products throughout long-term storage. No significant changes in antioxidant capacity or anthocyanin content were observed in lQF fruit during long-term storage at -20 degrees C. C1 [Hager, Tiffany J.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Hager, Tiffany J.; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu NR 37 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 689 EP 695 DI 10.1021/jf071994g PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100011 PM 18211025 ER PT J AU Kalt, W Blumberg, JB McDonald, JE Vinqvist-Tymchuk, MR Fillmore, SAE Graf, BA O'Leary, JM Milbury, PE AF Kalt, Wilhelmina Blumberg, Jeffrey B. McDonald, Jane E. Vinqvist-Tymchuk, Melinda R. Fillmore, Sherry A. E. Graf, Brigitte A. O'Leary, Jennifer M. Milbury, Paul E. TI Identification of anthocyanins in the liver, eye, and brain of blueberry-fed pigs SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Berry Health Benefits Symposium CY JUN 11-12, 2007 CL Corvallis, OR SP Oregon Raspberry & Blackberry Commiss, Oregon Strawberry Commiss, Calif Strawberry Commiss, Washington Red Raspbery Commiss, Wild Blueberry Assoc N Amer, US Highbush Blueberry Council, Cranberry Inst DE LC-MS; flavonoid; bioavailability; tissue; health ID POLYPHENOLS; MODEL; RATS; SUPPLEMENTATION; METABOLISM; EXTRACT; BIOAVAILABILITY; BILBERRY; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR AB Dietary intervention with anthocyanins may confer benefits in brain function, including vision. Research to date indicates that animals have only a limited capacity to absorb anthocyanins, compared to other types of flavonoids. Pigs, which are a suitable model for human digestive absorption, were used to examine the deposition of anthocyanins in tissues including the liver, eye, and brain tissue. Pigs were fed diets supplemented with 0, 1, 2, or 4% w/w blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Jersey') for 4 weeks. Prior to euthanasia, pigs were fasted for 18 - 21 h. Although no anthocyanins were detected in the plasma or urine of the fasted animals, intact anthocyanins were detected in all tissues where they were sought. LC-MS/MS results are presented for the relative concentration of 11 intact anthocyanins in the liver, eye, cortex, and cerebellum. The results suggest that anthocyanins can accumulate in tissues, including tissues beyond the blood-brain barrier. C1 [Kalt, Wilhelmina; McDonald, Jane E.; Vinqvist-Tymchuk, Melinda R.; Fillmore, Sherry A. E.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Graf, Brigitte A.; O'Leary, Jennifer M.; Milbury, Paul E.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kalt, W (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, 32 Main St, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. EM kaltw@agr.ge.ca NR 33 TC 137 Z9 150 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 705 EP 712 DI 10.1021/jf071998l PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100013 PM 18211026 ER PT J AU Zhao, R Bean, SR Ioerger, BP Wang, D Boyle, D AF Zhao, Renyong Bean, Scott R. Ioerger, Brian P. Wang, Donghai Boyle, Daniell. TI Impact of mashing on sorghum proteins and its relationship to ethanol fermentation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; protein; kafirin; digestibility; solubility; ethanol; fermentation; efficiency; HPLC; cross-linking; CFLSM; starch ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS SEPARATION; STARCH DIGESTIBILITY; PEPSIN DIGESTION; COOKED SORGHUM; CROSS-LINKING; MAIZE; GRAIN; EXTRACTION; KAFIRINS; COOKING AB Nine grain sorghum cultivars with a broad range of ethanol fermentation efficiencies were selected to characterize the changes in sorghum protein in digestibility, solubility, and microstructure during mashing and to relate those changes to ethanol fermentation quality of sorghum. Mashing reduced in vitro protein digestibility considerably, and a large amount of polymers cross-linked by disulfide bonds were developed during mashing. As a marker of cross-linking, protein digestibility of the original samples was highly related to conversion efficiency. gamma-Kafirin (%) neither correlated to ethanol yield nor conversion efficiency significantly. Solubility of proteins in an alkaline borate buffer in conjunction with SIDS decreased substantially after mashing. Solubility and the SE-HPLC area of proteins extracted from mashed samples were highly correlated with ethanol fermentation. Ethanol yield increased and conversion efficiency improved notably with the increase of extracted proteins from mashed samples. SE-HPLC total area could be used as an indicator to predict ethanol fermentation. CFLSM images proved that sorghum proteins tended to form highly extended, strong web-like microstructures during mashing. The degree of protein cross-linking differed among samples, and more open microstructures were observed in samples with higher conversion efficiencies. The web-like protein matrix was. found to hold not only starch granules but also some oligosaccharides or polysaccharides inside. The formation of web-like microstructures because of cross-linking reduced conversion efficiency. C1 [Bean, Scott R.; Ioerger, Brian P.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Boyle, Daniell.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol Microscopy Facil, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zhao, Renyong; Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM scott.bean@gmprc.ksu.cdu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 946 EP 953 DI 10.1021/jf072590r PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100047 PM 18197621 ER PT J AU Nanayakkara, NPD Schrader, KK AF Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika Schrader, Kevln K. TI Synthesis of water-soluble 9,10-anthraquinone analogues with potent cyanobactericidal activity toward the musty-odor Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE algicide; anthraquinone; channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; 2-methylisoborneol; Oscillatoria perornata ID SELECTIVE ALGICIDES; CHALYBEA AB A series of water-soluble 9,10-anthraquinone analogues were prepared and evaluated for their selective toxicity toward Oscillatoria perornata, which grows in catfish production ponds and causes,"musty" off-flavor in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Water-soluble mono- and dicationic salts were prepared by conjugating various small amines directly or through a methylene or ethylene bridge to the 9,10-anthraquinone nucleus. One of the dicationicsalts, 2-[N-(1'-methyl-4'-N,N-diethylaminobutyl)aminometyl]anthraquinone diphosphate, exhibited very high water solubility and potent selective toxicity toward O. perornata. However, the tendency of this compound to potentially bind to suspended sediments may be the reason for its limitations in controlling O. perornata in catfish production ponds. The monocationic salt, 2-[N-(1'-methylethyl)]aminomethyl]anthraquinone monophosphate, showed good solubility and high selective toxicity toward O. perornata. Neutral water-soluble analogues prepared by conjugating terta- or pentaethylene glycol directly or by a methylene bridge to the 9,10-anthraquinone nucleus had less activity than the parent compound. C1 [Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Schrader, Kevln K.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Nanayakkara, NPD (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dhammika@olemiss.edu NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1002 EP 1007 DI 10.1021/jf072836s PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100054 PM 18205309 ER PT J AU Accinelli, C Koskinen, WC Becker, JM Sadowsky, MJ AF Accinelli, Cesare Koskinen, William C. Becker, Joanna M. Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Mineralization of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac endotoxin in soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin; environmental fate; genetically modified crops; microbial degradation ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; TRANSGENIC BT COTTON; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; SUBSP KURSTAKI; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RAPID DEGRADATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PERSISTENCE; PLANTS; TOXIN AB Although a number of studies have been done describing the fate of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal endotoxins in soil, there is conflicting information on the persistence of this class of insecticidal toxins. This is partly due to methodological limitations in many of the previous studies. In the experiments reported here, C-14-labeled B. thuringiensis Cry1Ac endotoxin was used to study its mineralization in soil incubated under controlled conditions. Fifty-nine percent of the radiolabeled Cry1Ac was recovered as (CO2)-C-14 at the end of the 20 day incubation period. The addition of 4.5% corn residues stimulated mineralization of [C-14]Cry1Ac toxin, and mineralization of glucose was 3.6 times faster than that of the Cry1Ac toxin, indicating that the soil was microbiologically and metabolically active. Because only low mineralization (approximately 6%) of the radiolabeled toxin was observed in autoclaved soil, the current findings indicate that microbial processes play a major role in the dissipation of the Cry1Ac endotoxin in soil. The results of this study suggest that there may be limited risk of the bioaccumulation of Cry1Ac in soil due to the eventual release of this insecticidal toxin by Bt-protected crops. C1 [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Koskinen, William C.; Becker, Joanna M.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Accinelli, Cesare] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Sadowsky@umn.edu RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1028 DI 10.1021/jf073172p PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100057 PM 18181567 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP Curry, FA AF Rudell, David R. Mattheis, James P. Curry, Feric A. TI Prestorage ultraviolet-white light irradation alters apple peel metabolome SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Malus pumila; Mill; metabolomics; metabolic profiling; GC-MS; LC-UV/vis-MS; principal component analysis; fruit quality; Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf; primary metabolism; trimethylsilyl (oxime); color; sugar; acid; amino acid; cold storage ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MALUS-DOMESTICA BORKH.; UV-B RADIATION; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; GRANNY SMITH; ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; SKIN COLOR; TOMATO; CV AB Global metabolic profiling of 'Granny Smith' apple peel was employed for evaluating metabolomic alterations resulting from prestorage UV-white light irradiation. Apples were bagged midseason to restrict sunlight, harvested at the preclimacteric stage prior to bag removal, treated with fluorescent UV-white light for 0-48.5 h, and stored for 6 months at 0 degrees C. Trimethylsilyl (oxime) derivatized or underivatized aliquots of methanolic extracts from peel samples collected immediately after irradiation or following cold storage were evaluated using GC-MS and LC-UV/vis-MS, respectively. The profile, including more than 200 components, 78 of which were identified, revealed changes in the metabolome provoked by UV-white light irradiation and cold storage. Analyses of individual components selected using principal component analysis (PCA) models showed distinct temporal changes, before and after cold storage, related to prestorage irradiation in a diverse set of primary and secondary metabolic pathways. The results demonstrate metabolic pathways associated with ethylene synthesis, acid metabolism, flavonoid pigment synthesis, and fruit texture, are altered by prestorage irradiation, and many of the alterations are detectable after 6 months of cold storage in air. C1 [Rudell, David R.; Mattheis, James P.; Curry, Feric A.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Rudell, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM rudell@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1138 EP 1147 DI 10.1021/jf072.540m PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 259VN UT WOS:000252969100073 PM 18167073 ER PT J AU Outward, R Sorenson, CE Bradley, JR AF Outward, Randy Sorenson, Clyde E. Bradley, J. R., Jr. TI Effects of vegetated field borders on arthropods in cotton fields in eastern North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARABID BEETLES COLEOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; HOST PLANTS; LEPIDOPTERA; ECOSYSTEMS; HEMIPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ABUNDANCE; MORTALITY; HABITATS AB The influence, if any, of 5m wide, feral, herbaceous field borders on pest and beneficial arthropods in commercial cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) (Malvales: Malvaceae), fields was measured through a variety of sampling techniques over three years. In each year, 5 fields with managed, feral vegetation borders and five fields without such borders were examined. Sampling was stratified from the field border or edge in each field in an attempt to elucidate any edge effects that might have occurred. Early season thrips populations appeared to be unaffected by the presence of a border. Pitfall sampling disclosed no differences in ground-dwelling predaceous arthropods but did detect increased populations of crickets around fields with borders. Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations were too low during the study to adequately assess border effects. Heliothines, Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), egg numbers and damage rates were largely unaffected by the presence or absence of a border, although in one instance egg numbers were significantly lower in fields with borders. Overall, foliage-dwelling predaceous arthropods were somewhat more abundant in fields with borders than in fields without borders. Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae) were significantly more abundant in fields with borders, but stink bugs, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) numbers appeared to be largely unaffected by border treatment. Few taxa clearly exhibited distributional edge effects relative to the presence or absence of border vegetation. Field borders like those examined in this study likely will have little impact on insect pest management in cotton under current insect management regimens. C1 [Outward, Randy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sorenson, Clyde E.] USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Cleveland, OH 44114 USA. RP Outward, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Randy.J.Outward@aphis.usda.gov; clyde_sorenson@ncsu.edu; jr_bradley@ncsu.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 9 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 270IF UT WOS:000253713800002 PM 20345293 ER PT J AU Picardeau, M Bulach, DM Bouchier, C Zuerner, RL Zidane, N Wilson, PJ Creno, S Kuczek, ES Bommezzadri, S Davis, JC McGrath, A Johnson, MJ Boursaux-Eude, C Seemann, T Rouy, Z Coppel, RL Rood, JI Lajus, A Davies, JK Medigue, C Adler, B AF Picardeau, Mathieu Bulach, Dieter M. Bouchier, Christiane Zuerner, Richard L. Zidane, Nora Wilson, Peter J. Creno, Sophie Kuczek, Elizabeth S. Bommezzadri, Simona Davis, John C. McGrath, Annette Johnson, Matthew J. Boursaux-Eude, Caroline Seemann, Torsten Rouy, Zoe Coppel, Ross L. Rood, Julian I. Lajus, Aurelie Davies, John K. Medigue, Claudine Adler, Ben TI Genome Sequence of the Saprophyte Leptospira biflexa Provides Insights into the Evolution of Leptospira and the Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Leptospira biflexa is a free-living saprophytic spirochete present in aquatic environments. We determined the genome sequence of L. biflexa, making it the first saprophytic Leptospira to be sequenced. The L. biflexa genome has 3,590 protein-coding genes distributed across three circular replicons: the major 3,604 chromosome, a smaller 278-kb replicon that also carries essential genes, and a third 74-kb replicon. Comparative sequence analysis provides evidence that L. biflexa is an excellent model for the study of Leptospira evolution; we conclude that 2052 genes (61%) represent a progenitor genome that existed before divergence of pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira species. Comparisons of the L. biflexa genome with two pathogenic Leptospira species reveal several major findings. Nearly one-third of the L. biflexa genes are absent in pathogenic Leptospira. We suggest that once incorporated into the L. biflexa genome, laterally transferred DNA undergoes minimal rearrangement due to physical restrictions imposed by high gene density and limited presence of transposable elements. In contrast, the genomes of pathogenic Leptospira species undergo frequent rearrangements, often involving recombination between insertion sequences. Identification of genes common to the two pathogenic species, L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans, but absent in L. biflexa, is consistent with a role for these genes in pathogenesis. Differences in environmental sensing capacities of L. biflexa, L. borgpetersenii, and L. interrogans suggest a model which postulates that loss of signal transduction functions in L. borgpetersenii has impaired its survival outside a mammalian host, whereas L. interrogans has retained environmental sensory functions that facilitate disease transmission through water. C1 [Picardeau, Mathieu; Bommezzadri, Simona] Inst Pasteur, Unite Biol Spirochetes, Paris, France. [Bulach, Dieter M.; Seemann, Torsten; Coppel, Ross L.; Rood, Julian I.; Davies, John K.; Adler, Ben] Monash Univ, Victorian Bioinformat Consort, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Bulach, Dieter M.; Coppel, Ross L.; Rood, Julian I.; Davies, John K.; Adler, Ben] Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Struct & Funct Microb Genom, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Bulach, Dieter M.; Rood, Julian I.; Davies, John K.; Adler, Ben] Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Bouchier, Christiane; Zidane, Nora; Creno, Sophie] Inst Pasteur, Plate forme Genom, Paris, France. [Zuerner, Richard L.] USDA, NADC, ARS, Bacter Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Wilson, Peter J.; Kuczek, Elizabeth S.; Davis, John C.; McGrath, Annette; Johnson, Matthew J.] Univ Queensland, Gehrmann Lab, Australian Genome Res Facility, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Boursaux-Eude, Caroline] Inst Pasteur, Plate forme Integrat Analyse genom, Paris, France. [Rouy, Zoe; Lajus, Aurelie; Medigue, Claudine] Inst Genom, Lab Genom Comparat, Direct des Sci du Vivant, CEA, Evry, France. [Medigue, Claudine] CNRS, UMR8030, Evry, France. RP Picardeau, M (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Unite Biol Spirochetes, Paris, France. EM Ben.Adler@med.monash.edu.au RI Bulach, Dieter/D-5793-2011; Seemann, Torsten/B-2318-2010; Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; OI Bulach, Dieter/0000-0001-9823-6078; Seemann, Torsten/0000-0001-6046-610X; Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; McGrath, Annette/0000-0002-1765-7039; Rood, Julian/0000-0003-2126-7209 FU National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia; Australian Research Council; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; French Ministry of Research ANR Jeunes Chercheurs [05-JCJC-0105-01]; Consortium National de Recherche en Genomique [RNG-20040057]; ACI IMPBio 2004 (MicroScope project) FX This work was supported by the following: National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia; Australian Research Council; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; French Ministry of Research ANR Jeunes Chercheurs (no. 05-JCJC-0105-01); Consortium National de Recherche en Genomique (no. RNG-20040057); ACI IMPBio 2004 (MicroScope project). Funders had no role in the planning, performance or analysis of the work. NR 38 TC 153 Z9 563 U1 0 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 AR e1607 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001607 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367ES UT WOS:000260535900041 PM 18270594 ER PT J AU Yassine, HM Lee, CW Suarez, DL Saif, YM AF Yassine, H. M. Lee, C. W. Suarez, D. L. Saif, Y. M. TI Genetic and antigenic relatedness of H3 subtype influenza A viruses isolated from avian and mammalian species SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE H3N2 triple reassortants; vaccine; turkeys ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; TURKEY BREEDER HENS; UNITED-STATES; HEMAGGLUTININ MOLECULE; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; SWINE; PIGS; H1N1 AB In 2004, we isolated triple reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses from turkey breeder hens in Ohio and illinois. The Illinois flock was vaccinated twice with an inactivated H3N2 vaccine containing a swine origin virus before the outbreak. Additionally, a commercial inactivated vaccine containing an H3N4 virus of duck origin is being used in some turkey breeders. This prompted us to initiate a comparative study on the antigenic and genetic relatedness of various H3 subtype influenza viruses isolated from turkeys, ducks, pigs and humans. The antigenic relatedness between the different viruses was evaluated with the Archetti and Horsfall formula, while nucleotide genetic similarities were calculated using pairwise alignments. Results obtained indicated a high degree of antigenic (>90%) and genetic (>99%) similarities among the turkey-origin H3N2 viruses. However, the turkey viruses were antigenically distantly related to the swine-origin vaccine virus (<30%), although they had approximately 95% genetic similarity in the HA1 gene. Additionally, major genetic and antigenic changes were observed between the turkey viruses and the H3N4 duck vaccine virus as welt as the H3N2 human virus. Such genetic and antigenic differences between the turkey-origin viruses and other H3 subtype viruses including vaccine strains could be the reason for the failure in protection in the Illinois turkey breeders vaccinated with swine origin virus. This also emphasizes the importance of using viruses for vaccines that are antigenically similar to the field strains. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yassine, H. M.; Lee, C. W.; Saif, Y. M.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Suarez, D. L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Saif, YM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM saif.1@osu.edu NR 49 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 7 BP 966 EP 977 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.094 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 268LG UT WOS:000253580700013 PM 18206275 ER PT J AU Futse, JE Brayton, KA Dark, MJ Knowles, DP Palmer, GH AF Futse, James E. Brayton, Kelly A. Dark, Michael J. Knowles, Donald P., Jr. Palmer, Guy H. TI Superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE antigenic variation; genomic diversity; population immunity ID EHRLICHIA ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; SEGMENTAL GENE CONVERSION; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; BABESIA-BOVIS; TRANSMISSION; PERSISTENCE; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; SURFACE AB A new pathogen strain can penetrate an immune host population only if it can escape immunity generated against the original strain. This model is best understood with influenza viruses, in which genetic drift creates antigenically distinct strains that can spread through host populations despite the presence of immunity against previous strains. Whether this selection model for new strains applies to complex pathogens responsible for endemic persistent infections, such as anaplasmosis, relapsing fever, and sleeping sickness, remains untested. These complex pathogens undergo rapid within-host antigenic variation by using sets of chromosomally encoded variants. Consequently, immunity is developed against a large repertoire of variants, dramatically changing the scope of genetic change needed for a new strain to evade existing immunity and establish coexisting infection, termed strain superinfection. Here, we show that the diversity in the alleles encoding antigenic variants between strains of a highly antigenically variant pathogen was equal to the diversity within strains, reflecting equivalent selection for variants to overcome immunity at the host population level as within an individual host. This diversity among strains resulted in expression of nonoverlapping variants that allowed a new strain to evade immunity and establish superinfection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a single distinct allele allows strain superinfection. These results indicate that there is strong selective pressure to increase the diversity of the variant repertoire beyond what is needed for persistence within an individual host and provide an explanation, competition at the host population level, for the large genomic commitment to variant gene families in persistent pathogens. C1 [Futse, James E.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Dark, Michael J.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Programs Vector Borne Dis & Gen, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P., Jr.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Programs Vector Borne Dis & Gen, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Dark, Michael/0000-0002-6547-1298 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI044005, R01 AI044005, AI44005]; Wellcome Trust [GR075800M] NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 12 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2123 EP 2127 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710333105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264CC UT WOS:000253261900063 PM 18252822 ER PT J AU Al-Sady, B Kikis, EA Monte, E Quail, PH AF Al-Sady, Bassern Kikis, Elise A. Monte, Elena Quail, Peter H. TI Mechanistic duality of transcription factor function in phytochrome signaling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phytochrome-interacting factor 3; photosensory receptor; constitutive coactivator; posttranslational regulation; ELIP2 ID INTERACTING FACTOR-3; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; SEED-GERMINATION; LIGHT SIGNALS; TRANSDUCTION; DEGRADATION; PIF3; BIOSYNTHESIS; NETWORKS AB The phytochrome (phy) family of sensory photoreceptors (phyA-E in Arabidopsis) elicit changes in gene expression after light-induced migration to the nucleus, where they interact with basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, such as phytochrome-interacting factor 3 (PIF3). The mechanism by which PIF3 relays phy signals, both early after initial light exposure and later during long-term irradiation, is not understood. Using transgenically expressed PIF3 variants, carrying site-specific amino acid substitutions that block the protein from binding either to DNA, phyA, and/or phyB, we examined the involvement of PIF3 in early, phy-induced marker gene expression and in modulating long-term, phy-imposed inhibition of hypocotyl cell elongation under prolonged, continuous irradiation. We describe an unanticipated dual mechanism of PIF3 action that involves the temporal uncoupling of its two most central molecular functions. We find that in early signaling, PIF3 acts positively as a transcription factor, exclusively requiring its DNA-binding capacity. Contrary to previous proposals, PIF3 functions as a constitutive coactivator in this process, without the need for phy binding and subsequent phy-induced modifications. This finding implies that another factor(s) is conditionally activated by phy and functions in concert with PIF3, to induce target gene transcription. In contrast, during long-term irradiations, PIF3 acts exclusively through its phyB-interacting capacity to control hypocotyl cell elongation, independently of its ability to bind DNA. Unexpectedly, PIF3 uses this capacity to regulate phyB protein abundance (and thereby global photosensory sensitivity) to modulate this long-term response rather than participating directly in the transduction chain as a signaling intermediate. C1 [Al-Sady, Bassern; Kikis, Elise A.; Monte, Elena; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Al-Sady, Bassern; Kikis, Elise A.; Monte, Elena; Quail, Peter H.] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu RI Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM047475, GM47475] NR 28 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 12 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2232 EP 2237 DI 10.1073/pnas.0711675105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264CC UT WOS:000253261900082 PM 18245378 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI Two new Stratiomyinae, including Panamamyia gen. nov., from the Neotropical Region (Diptera : Stratiomyidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Stratiomyidae; Hoplitimyia; Panamamyia; new genus; new species; Costa Rica; Panama AB A new species of Hoplitimyia James, H. inbioensis sp. nov., is described from Costa Rica. A new genus, Panamamyia gen. nov. (type species P. silbergliedi sp. nov.) is described from Panama. Both taxa are very rare in collections, not having been taken during extensive Malaise trap surveys in Costa Rica. C1 USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, NHB-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 11 PY 2008 IS 1701 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 261CR UT WOS:000253057200003 ER PT J AU He, HS Keane, RE Iverson, LR AF He, Hong S. Keane, Robert E. Iverson, Louis R. TI Forest landscape models, a tool for understanding the effect of the large-scale and long-term landscape processes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTHEASTERN CHINA; FIRE REGIMES; HISTORICAL RANGE; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY; LIMITATIONS; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT C1 [He, Hong S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Keane, Robert E.] USDA Forest Sev, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Iverson, Louis R.] USDA Forest Serv, N Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP He, HS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM heh@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 3 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.069 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 266OC UT WOS:000253444600001 ER PT J AU Keane, RE Holsinger, LM Parsons, RA Gray, K AF Keane, Robert E. Holsinger, Lisa M. Parsons, Russell A. Gray, Kathy TI Climate change effects on historical range and variability of two large landscapes in western Montana, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Forest Landscape Modeling CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Nat Sci Fdn, Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol DE landscape modeling; climate change; wildland fire; vegetation dynamics; HRV; time series; departure; LANDSUM; LANDFIRE ID NATIONAL-PARK; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT TYPES; FIRE REGIMES; VEGETATION; SIMULATION; FORESTS; SUCCESSION; SENSITIVITY; LIMITATIONS AB Quantifying the historical range and variability of landscape composition and structure using Simulation modeling is becoming an important means of assessing current landscape condition and prioritizing landscapes for ecosystem restoration. However, most simulated time series are generated using static climate conditions which fail to account for the predicted major changes in future climate. This paper presents a simulation study that generates reference landscape compositions for all combinations of three climate scenarios (warm-wet, hot-dry, and current) and three fire regime scenarios (half historical, historical, and double historical fire frequencies) to determine if future climate change has an effect on landscape dynamics. We applied the spatially explicit, state-and-transition, landscape fire succession model LANDSUM to two large landscapes in west-central Montana, USA. LANDSUM was parameterized and initialized using spatial data generated from the LANDFIRE prototype project. Biophysical settings, critical spatial inputs to LANDSUM, were empirically modeled across the landscape using environmental gradients created from historical and modeled future climate daily weather data summaries. Successional pathways and disturbance probabilities were assigned to these biophysical settings based on existing field data and extensive literature reviews. To assess the impact of changes in climate and fire regime, we compared simulated area burned and landscape composition over time among the different simulation scenario combinations using response variables of Sorenson's index (a global measure of similarity) and area occupied by the dominant vegetation class (simple indicator of change in landscape composition). Results show that simulated time series using future predicted climate scenarios are significantly different from the simulated historical time series and any changes in the fire regime tend to create more dissimilar and more variable simulated time series. Our study results indicate that historical time series should be used in conjunction with simulated future time series as references for managing landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Keane, Robert E.; Holsinger, Lisa M.; Parsons, Russell A.; Gray, Kathy] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rkeane@f.s.fed.us NR 68 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 10 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 3 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.013 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 266OC UT WOS:000253444600002 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Prasad, AM Matthews, SN Peters, M AF Iverson, Louis R. Prasad, Anantha M. Matthews, Stephen N. Peters, Matthew TI Estimating potential habitat for 134 eastern US tree species under six climate scenarios SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Forest Landscape Modeling CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Nat Sci Fdn, Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol DE climate change; eastern United States; tree species distributions; composition changes; species shifts; random forests; regression tree analysis; bagging ID FIRE-SUCCESSION MODELS; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY CHANGE; RESPONSES; FORESTS; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS; INVASIONS; IMPACT AB We modeled and mapped, using the predictive data mining tool Random Forests, 134 tree species from the eastern United States for potential response to several scenarios of climate change. Each species was modeled individually to show current and potential future habitats according to two emission scenarios (high emissions on current trajectory and reasonable conservation of energy implemented) and three climate models: the Parallel Climate Model, the Hadley CM3 model, and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model. Since we model potential suitable habitats of species, our results should not be interpreted as actual changes in ranges of the species. We also evaluated both emission scenarios under an "average" future climate from all three models. Climate change could have large impacts on suitable habitat for tree species in the eastern United States, especially under a high emissions trajectory. Of the 134 species, approximately 66 species would gain and 54 species would lose at least 10% of their suitable habitat under climate change. A lower emission pathway would result in lower numbers of both losers and gainers. When the mean centers, i.e. center of gravity, of current and potential future habitat are evaluated, most of the species habitat moves generally northeast, up to 800 km in the hottest scenario and highest emissions trajectory. The models suggest a retreat of the spruce-fir zone and an advance of the southern oaks and pines. In any case, our results show that species will have a lot less pressure to move their suitable habitats if we follow the path of lower emissions of greenhouse gases. The information contained in this; paper, and much more, is detailed on our website: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/atlas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Iverson, Louis R.; Prasad, Anantha M.; Matthews, Stephen N.; Peters, Matthew] US Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM liverson@fs.fed.us RI Matthews, Stephen/D-1050-2012; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 68 TC 206 Z9 221 U1 15 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 3 BP 390 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.023 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 266OC UT WOS:000253444600003 ER PT J AU Zollner, PA Roberts, LJ Gustafson, EJ He, HS Radeloff, V AF Zollner, Patrick A. Roberts, L. Jay Gustafson, Eric J. He, Hong S. Radeloff, Volker TI Influence of forest planning alternatives on landscape pattern and ecosystem processes in northern Wisconsin, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Forest Landscape Modeling CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Nat Sci Fdn, Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol DE American marten; ecosystem properties; even-aged management; forest planning; Kirtland's warbler; landscape pattern; LANDIS; ruffed grouse; simulation model ID KIRTLANDS WARBLER; LOWER MICHIGAN; POPULATION VIABILITY; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; HABITAT SUITABILITY; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; MODEL SIMULATION; WILDLIFE HABITAT; OLD-GROWTH; LANDIS AB Incorporating an ecosystem management perspective into forest planning requires consideration of the impacts of timber management on a suite of landscape characteristics at broad spatial and long temporal scales. We used the LANDIS forest landscape simulation model to predict forest composition and landscape pattern under seven alternative forest management plans drafted for the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest in Wisconsin. We analyzed 20 response variables representing changes in landscape characteristics that relate to eight timber and wildlife management objectives. A MANOVA showed significant variation in the response variables among the alternative management plans. For most (16 out of 20) response variables, plans ranked either directly or inversely to the extent of even-aged management. The amount of hemlock on the landscape had a surprising positive relationship with even-aged management because hemlock is never cut, even in a clear cut. Our results also show that multiple management objectives can create conflicts related to the amount and arrangement of management activities. For example, American marten and ruffed grouse habitat are maintained by mutually exclusive activities. Our approach demonstrates a way to evaluate alternative management plans and assess if they are likely to meet their stated, multiple objectives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zollner, Patrick A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Roberts, L. Jay] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gustafson, Eric J.] USDA Forest Serv, N Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Radeloff, Volker] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zollner, PA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 1195 Marsetller St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM pzoliner@purdue.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010; OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029; He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 73 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 3 BP 429 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.038 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 266OC UT WOS:000253444600006 ER PT J AU Spetich, MA He, HS AF Spetich, Martin A. He, Hong S. TI Oak decline in the Boston Mountains, Arkansas, USA: Spatial and temporal patterns under two fire regimes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Forest Landscape Modeling CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Nat Sci Fdn, Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol DE Arkansas' Boston Mountains; decline; fire; LANDIS; landscape model; mortality; oak; risk; simulation; forest health ID FOREST LANDSCAPE CHANGE; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION AB A spatially explicit forest succession and disturbance model is used to delineate the extent and dispersion of oak decline under two fire regimes over a 150-year period. The objectives of this study are to delineate potential current and future oak decline areas using species composition and age structure data in combination with ecological land types, and to investigate how relatively frequent simulated fires and fire suppression affect the dynamics of oak decline. We parameterized LANDIS, a spatially explicit forest succession and disturbance model, for areas in the Boston Mountains of Arkansas, USA. Land type distribution and initial species/age class were parameterized into LANDIS using existing forest data. Tree species were parameterized as five functional groups including white oak (Quercus alba L., Quercus stellata Wangenh., Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm.), red oak (Qurecus rubra L., Quercus marilandica Muenchh., Quercus falcata Michx., Quercus coccinea Muenchh.), black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill), and maple (Acer rubrum L., Acer saccharum Marsh.) groups. Two fire regimes were also parameterized: current fire regime with a fire return interval of 300 years and a historic fire regime with an overall average fire return interval of 50 years. The 150-year simulation suggests that white oak and shortleaf pine abundance would increase under the historic fire regime and that the red oak group abundance increases under the current fire regime. The black oak group also shows a strong increasing trend under the current fire regime, and only the maple group remains relatively unchanged under both scenarios. At present, 45% of the sites in the study area are classified as potential oak decline sites (sites where red and black oak are >70 years old). After 150 simulation years, 30% of the sites are classified as potential oak decline sites under the current fire regime whereas 20% of the sites are potential oak decline sites under the historic fire regime. This analysis delineates potential oak decline sites and establishes risk ratings for these areas. This is a further step toward precision management and planning. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Spetich, Martin A.] USDA Forest Serv, S Res Stn, Arkansas Forestry Sci Lab, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Spetich, MA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, S Res Stn, Arkansas Forestry Sci Lab, PO Box 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM mspetich@fs.fed.us; Hell@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 3 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.087 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 266OC UT WOS:000253444600008 ER PT J AU Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Dijak, WD Fan, ZF AF Shifley, Stephen R. Thompson, Frank R., III Dijak, William D. Fan, Zhaofei TI Forecasting landscape-scale, cumulative effects of forest management on vegetation and wildlife habitat: A case study of issues, limitations, and opportunities SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Forest Landscape Modeling CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Nat Sci Fdn, Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol DE forest landscape model; LANDIS; HARVEST; LANDSUM; SIMPPLE; VDDT; validation; multi-resource evaluation; succession; disturbance ID ALTERED FIRE REGIMES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; SIMULATION APPROACH; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; NORTHEASTERN CHINA; MISSOURI OZARKS; SUCCESSION; MODELS; GIS AB Forest landscape disturbance and succession models have become practical tools for large-scale, long-term analyses of the cumulative effects of forest management on real landscapes. They can provide essential information in a spatial context to address management and policy issues related to forest planning, wildlife habitat quality, timber harvesting, fire effects, and land use change. Widespread application of landscape disturbance and succession models is hampered by the difficulty of mapping the initial landscape layers needed for model implementation and by the complexity of calibrating forest landscape models for new geographic regions. Applications are complicated by issues of scale related to the size of the landscape of interest (bigger is better), the resolution at which the landscape is modeled and analyzed (finer is better), and the cost or complexity of applying a landscape model (cheaper and easier is better). These issues spill over to associated analyses that build on model outputs or become integrated as auxiliary model capabilities. Continued development and application of forest landscape disturbance and simulation models can be facilitated by (1) cooperative efforts to initialize more and larger landscapes for model applications, (2) partnerships of practitioners and scientists to address current management issues, (3) developing permanent mechanisms for user support, (4) adding new capabilities to models, either directly or as compatible auxiliary models, (5) increasing efforts to evaluate model performance and compare multiple models running on the same landscape, and (6) developing methods to choose among complex, multi-resource alternatives with outputs that vary over space and time. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shifley, Stephen R.; Thompson, Frank R., III; Dijak, William D.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, N Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fan, Zhaofei] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, N Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Bush Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sshifley@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 3 BP 474 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.030 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 266OC UT WOS:000253444600010 ER PT J AU Wimberly, MC Kennedy, RSH AF Wimberly, Michael C. Kennedy, Rebecca S. H. TI Spatially explicit modeling of mixed-severity fire regimes and landscape dynamics SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Forest Landscape Modeling CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Nat Sci Fdn, Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol DE interior Pacific Northwest; simulation; fire; succession; late-successional forests ID FOREST AGE DISTRIBUTION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; HISTORICAL RANGE; FUEL SUCCESSION; BOREAL FOREST; PICEA-ABIES; OLD-GROWTH; SIMULATION; DISTURBANCE; VARIABILITY AB Simulation models of disturbance and succession are being increasingly applied to characterize landscape composition and dynamics under natural fire regimes, and to evaluate alternative management strategies for ecological restoration and fire hazard reduction. However, we have a limited understanding of how landscapes respond to changes in fire frequency, and about the sensitivity of model predictions to assumptions about successional pathways and fire behavior. We updated an existing landscape dynamics model (LADS) to simulate the complex interactions between forest dynamics, fire spread, and fire effects in dry forests of the interior Pacific Northwest. Experimental model runs were conducted on a hypothetical landscape at fire rotations ranging from 5 to 50 years. Three sensitivity analyses were carried out to explore the responses of landscape composition to (1) parameters characterizing succession and fire effects on vegetation, (2) the probability of fire spread into different successional stages, and (3) the size and spatial pattern of static fire refugia. The area of old open-canopy forests was highest at the shortest fire rotations, and was particularly sensitive to the probability of stand-replacement fire in open-canopy forests and to the fire-free period required for ingrowth to occur in open-canopy forests. The area of old closed-canopy forests increased with lengthening fire rotation, but always comprised a relatively small portion of the landscape (<10%). The area of old closed-canopy forests increased when fire spread was more rapid in open-canopy forests than in closed-canopy forests, and when the physical landscape incorporated large "fire refugia" with low fire spread rates. Old closed-canopy forests appear to comprise a relatively minor landscape component in mixed-severity fire regimes with fire rotations of 50 years or less. However, these results are sensitive to assumptions about the spatial interactions between fire spread, landscape vegetation patterns, and the underlying physical landscape. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wimberly, Michael C.] S Dakota State Univ, GISc Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Kennedy, Rebecca S. H.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, GISc Ctr Excellence, Wecota Hall 506B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.wimberly@sdstate.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 3 BP 511 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.044 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 266OC UT WOS:000253444600013 ER PT J AU Baerson, SR Dayan, FE Rimando, AM Nanayakkara, NPD Liu, CJ Schroerder, J Fishbein, M Pan, Z Kagan, IA Pratt, LH Le Cordonnier-Pratt, MM Duke, SO AF Baerson, Scott R. Dayan, Franck E. Rimando, Agnes M. Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika Liu, Chang-Jun Schroerder, Joachim Fishbein, Mark Pan, Zhiqiang Kagan, Isabelle A. Pratt, Lee H. Le Cordonnier-Pratt, Marie-Miche Duke, Stephen O. TI A functional genomics investigation of allelochemical biosynthesis in Sorghum bicolor root hairs SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANT O-METHYLTRANSFERASES; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; RESORCINOLIC LIPIDS; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; STRUCTURAL BASIS; SORGOLEONE; METHYLATION AB Sorghum is considered to be one of the more allelopathic crop species, producing phytotoxins such as the potent benzoquinone sorgoleone (2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-[(Z,Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]-p-benzoquinone) and its analogs. Sorgoleone likely accounts for much of the allelopathy of Sorghum spp., typically representing the predominant constituent of Sorghum bicolor root exudates. Previous and ongoing studies suggest that the biosynthetic pathway for this plant growth inhibitor occurs in root hair cells, involving a polyketide synthase activity that utilizes an atypical 16:3 fatty acyl-CoA starter unit, resulting in the formation of a pentadecatrienyl resorcinol intermediate. Subsequent modifications of this resorcinolic intermediate are likely to be mediated by S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferases and dihydroxylation by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, although the precise sequence of reactions has not been determined previously. Analyses performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with sorghum root extracts identified a 3-methyl ether derivative of the likely pentadecatrienyl resorcinol intermediate, indicating that dihydroxylation of the resorcinol ring is preceded by O-methylation at the 3'-position by a novel 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinol-utilizing O-methyltransferase activity. An expressed sequence tag data set consisting of 5,468 sequences selected at random from an S. bicolor root hair-specific cDNA library was generated to identify candidate sequences potentially encoding enzymes involved in the sorgoleone biosynthetic pathway. Quantitative real time reverse transcription-PCR and recombinant enzyme studies with putative O-methyltransferase sequences obtained from the expressed sequence tag data set have led to the identification of a novel O-methyltransferase highly and predominantly expressed in root hairs (designated SbOMT3), which preferentially utilizes alk(en)ylresorcinols among a panel of benzene-derivative substrates tested. SbOMT3 is therefore proposed to be involved in the biosynthesis of the allelochemical sorgoleone. C1 [Baerson, Scott R.; Dayan, Franck E.; Rimando, Agnes M.; Pan, Zhiqiang; Kagan, Isabelle A.; Duke, Stephen O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Liu, Chang-Jun] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Schroerder, Joachim] Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol 2, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Fishbein, Mark] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Pratt, Lee H.; Le Cordonnier-Pratt, Marie-Miche] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Baerson, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sbaerson@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 76 TC 32 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 8 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 6 BP 3231 EP 3247 DI 10.1074/jbc.M706587200 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 261MJ UT WOS:000253083000027 PM 17998204 ER PT J AU Cox-Foster, D Conlan, S Holmes, EC Palacios, G Kalkstein, A Evans, JD Moran, NA Quan, PL Geiser, D Briese, T Hornig, M Hui, J Vanengelsdorp, D Pettis, JS Lipkin, WI AF Cox-Foster, Diana Conlan, Sean Holmes, Edward C. Palacios, Gustavo Kalkstein, Abby Evans, Jay D. Moran, Nancy A. Quan, Phenix-Lan Geiser, David Briese, Thomas Hornig, Mady Hui, Jeffrey Vanengelsdorp, Dennis Pettis, Jeffery S. Lipkin, W. Ian TI The latest buzz about colony collapse disorder - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS C1 [Cox-Foster, Diana; Kalkstein, Abby; Vanengelsdorp, Dennis] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Conlan, Sean; Palacios, Gustavo; Quan, Phenix-Lan; Briese, Thomas; Hornig, Mady; Hui, Jeffrey; Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Ctr Infect & Immun, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Holmes, Edward C.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Infect & Immun, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Holmes, Edward C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Evans, Jay D.; Pettis, Jeffery S.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Moran, Nancy A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Geiser, David] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Moran, Nancy A.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Insect Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vanengelsdorp, Dennis] Penn Dept Agr, Bur Plant Ind Apiculture, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Cox-Foster, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Moran, Nancy/G-1591-2010; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 8 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5864 BP 725 EP 725 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 259TE UT WOS:000252963000016 ER PT J AU Balogh-Brunstad, Z Keller, CK Bormann, BT O'Brien, R Wang, D Hawley, G AF Balogh-Brunstad, Zsuzsanna Keller, C. Kent Bormann, Bernard T. O'Brien, Rachel Wang, Deane Hawley, Gary TI Chemical weathering and chemical denudation dynamics through ecosystem development and disturbance SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; VASCULAR LAND PLANTS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; BIOGEOCHEMICAL THEORY; HUBBARD BROOK; TREE HARVEST; MASS-BALANCE; BASE CATION; NEW-YORK; RATES AB Mineral weathering and chemical denudation of terrestrial environments are understood by both geochemists and ecologists to be affected by rooted plant growth. We used unique 20-year "sandbox'' experiments to test the predictions of both disciplines regarding the influence of tree growth and harvest on chemical weathering and denudation of Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and K(+). Results showed 3 temporal phases: 1) weathering-dominated rapid uptake of mineral nutrients with retention in trees and soil, and low denudation; 2) biocycling-dominated nutrient uptake with slower tree growth, and chemical fluxes reduced to near zero; and 3) denudation-dominated loss of nutrient reserves after harvest by disruption of biotic regulation. Overall, a red pine sandbox used and retained its resources more effectively than a reference non-vascular system. The results suggest that disturbance may be an important factor controlling chemical denudation rates. Temporal variations of the fluxes highlight difficulties of extrapolating weathering and denudation rates over long timescales. C1 [Balogh-Brunstad, Zsuzsanna; Keller, C. Kent] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bormann, Bernard T.] US Forest Serv, PNW, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [O'Brien, Rachel] Allegheny Coll, Dept Geol, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. [Wang, Deane; Hawley, Gary] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Balogh-Brunstad, Z (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, POB 642812, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM zsuzsa@wsu.edu RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 AR GB1007 DI 10.1029/2007GB002957 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261FQ UT WOS:000253064900001 ER PT J AU Morris, J Hawthorne, KM Hotze, T Abrams, SA Hirschi, KD AF Morris, Jay Hawthorne, Keli M. Hotze, Tim Abrams, Steven A. Hirschi, Kendal D. TI Nutritional impact of elevated calcium transport activity in carrots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE absorption; bioavailability; radioactive,sotope; stable isotope ID BIOAVAILABILITY; PLANTS; ABSORPTION; OXALATE; RATS; CAX1; IDENTIFICATION; ISOTOPES; HUMANS; GROWTH AB Nutrition recommendations worldwide emphasize ingestion of plant-based diets rather than diets that rely primarily on animal products. However, this plant-based diet could limit the intake of essential nutrients such as calcium. Osteoporosis is one of the world's most prevalent nutritional disorders, and inadequate dietary calcium is a known contributor to the pathophysiology of this condition. Previously, we have modified carrots to express increased levels of a plant calcium transporter (sCAX1), and these plants contain approximate to 2-fold-higher calcium content in the edible portions of the carrots. However, it was unproven whether this change would increase the total amount of bioavailable calcium. In randomized trials, we labeled these modified carrots with isotopic calcium and fed them to mice and humans to assess calcium bioavailability. In mice feeding regimes (n = 120), we measured Ca-45 incorporation into bones and determined that mice required twice the serving size of control carrots to obtain the calcium found in sCAX1 carrots. We used a dual-stable isotope method with Ca-42-labeled carrots and i.v. Ca-46 to determine the absorption of calcium from these carrots in humans. In a cross-over study of 15 male and 15 female adults, we found that when people were fed sCAX1 and control carrots, total calcium absorption per 100 g of carrots was 41% +/- 2% higher in sCAX1 carrots. Both the mice and human feeding studies demonstrate increased calcium absorption from sCAX1-expressing carrots compared with controls. These results demonstrate an alternative means of fortifying vegetables with bioavailable calcium. C1 [Morris, Jay; Hawthorne, Keli M.; Hotze, Tim; Abrams, Steven A.; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Morris, Jay; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [IR01 DK 062366, R01 DK062366] NR 39 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1431 EP 1435 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709005105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 261KQ UT WOS:000253077900011 PM 18202180 ER PT J AU Sindhu, A Chintamanani, S Brandt, AS Zanis, M Scofield, SR Johal, GS AF Sindhu, Anoop Chintamanani, Satya Brandt, Amanda S. Zanis, Michael Scofield, Steven R. Johal, Gurmukh S. TI A guardian of grasses: Specific origin and conservation of a unique disease-resistance gene in the grass lineage SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE host-pathogen specificity; nonhost resistance; host-specific toxin; Cochliobolus; Helminthosporium carbonum toxin reductase ID HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; HC-TOXIN; MAIZE; BARLEY; CORN; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; INFERENCE; REDUCTASE AB The maize Hm1 gene provides protection against a lethal leaf blight and ear mold disease caused by Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 (CCR1). Although it was the first disease-resistance (DR) gene to be cloned, it remains a novelty because, instead of participating in the plant recognition and response system as most DR genes do, Hm1 disarms the pathogen directly. It does so by encoding an NADPH-dependent reductase, whose function is to inactivate Helminthosporium carbonum (HC) toxin, an epoxide-containing cyclic tetrapeptide, which the pathogen produces as a key virulence factor to colonize maize. Although CCR1 is strictly a pathogen of maize, orthologs of Hm1 and the HC-toxin reductase activity are present in the grass family, suggesting an ancient and evolutionarily conserved role of this DR trait in plants. Here, we provide proof for such a role by demonstrating its involvement in nonhost resistance of barley to CCR1. Barley leaves in which expression of the Hm1 homologue was silenced became susceptible to infection by CCR1, but only if the pathogen was able to produce HC toxin. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Hm1 evolved exclusively and early in the grass lineage. Given the devastating ability of CCR1 to kill maize, these findings imply that the evolution and/or geographical distribution of grasses may have been constrained if Hm1 did not emerge. C1 [Sindhu, Anoop; Chintamanani, Satya; Zanis, Michael; Johal, Gurmukh S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Johal, GS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gjohal@purdue.edu RI Scofield, Steven/C-3868-2016 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1762 EP 1767 DI 10.1073/pnas.0711406105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 261KQ UT WOS:000253077900067 PM 18230731 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Chen, XP Dang, P Scully, BT Liang, XQ Holbrook, CC Yu, JJ Culbreath, AK AF Guo, Baozhu Chen, Xiaoping Dang, Phat Scully, Brian T. Liang, Xuanqiang Holbrook, C. Corley Yu, Jiujiang Culbreath, Albert K. TI Peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during Aspergillus parasiticus infection SO BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERINE-PROTEASE INHIBITOR; SCALE STATISTICAL-ANALYSES; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; SEQUENCE TAGS ESTS; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; CALMODULIN ISOFORMS; MARKER DEVELOPMENT; PR10 PROTEIN; LEA GENE; MICROARRAY AB Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop economically and nutritionally, and is one of the most susceptible host crops to colonization of Aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Knowledge from molecular genetic studies could help to devise strategies in alleviating this problem; however, few peanut DNA sequences are available in the public database. In order to understand the molecular basis of host resistance to aflatoxin contamination, a large-scale project was conducted to generate expressed sequence tags ( ESTs) from developing seeds to identify resistance-related genes involved in defense response against Aspergillus infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Results: We constructed six different cDNA libraries derived from developing peanut seeds at three reproduction stages (R5, R6 and R7) from a resistant and a susceptible cultivated peanut genotypes, 'Tifrunner' (susceptible to Aspergillus infection with higher aflatoxin contamination and resistant to TSWV) and 'GT-C20' (resistant to Aspergillus with reduced aflatoxin contamination and susceptible to TSWV). The developing peanut seed tissues were challenged by A. parasiticus and drought stress in the field. A total of 24,192 randomly selected cDNA clones from six libraries were sequenced. After removing vector sequences and quality trimming, 21,777 high-quality EST sequences were generated. Sequence clustering and assembling resulted in 8,689 unique EST sequences with 1,741 tentative consensus EST sequences (TCs) and 6,948 singleton ESTs. Functional classification was performed according to MIPS functional catalogue criteria. The unique EST sequences were divided into twenty-two categories. A similarity search against the non-redundant protein database available from NCBI indicated that 84.78% of total ESTs showed significant similarity to known proteins, of which 165 genes had been previously reported in peanuts. There were differences in overall expression patterns in different libraries and genotypes. A number of sequences were expressed throughout all of the libraries, representing constitutive expressed sequences. In order to identify resistance-related genes with significantly differential expression, a statistical analysis to estimate the relative abundance (R) was used to compare the relative abundance of each gene transcripts in each cDNA library. Thirty six and forty seven unique EST sequences with threshold of R > 4 from libraries of 'GT-C20' and 'Tifrunner', respectively, were selected for examination of temporal gene expression patterns according to EST frequencies. Nine and eight resistance-related genes with significant up-regulation were obtained in 'GT-C20' and 'Tifrunner' libraries, respectively. Among them, three genes were common in both genotypes. Furthermore, a comparison of our EST sequences with other plant sequences in the TIGR Gene Indices libraries showed that the percentage of peanut EST matched to Arabidopsis thaliana, maize (Zea mays), Medicago truncatula, rapeseed (Brassica napus), rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) ESTs ranged from 33.84% to 79.46% with the sequence identity >= 80%. These results revealed that peanut ESTs are more closely related to legume species than to cereal crops, and more homologous to dicot than to monocot plant species. Conclusion: The developed ESTs can be used to discover novel sequences or genes, to identify resistance-related genes and to detect the differences among alleles or markers between these resistant and susceptible peanut genotypes. Additionally, this large collection of cultivated peanut EST sequences will make it possible to construct microarrays for gene expression studies and for further characterization of host resistance mechanisms. It will be a valuable genomic resource for the peanut community. The 21,777 ESTs have been deposited to the NCBI GenBank database with accession numbers ES702769 to ES724546. C1 [Guo, Baozhu; Scully, Brian T.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Chen, Xiaoping; Culbreath, Albert K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Dang, Phat] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Scully, Brian T.] Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Liang, Xuanqiang] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. [Holbrook, C. Corley] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM baozhu.guo@ars.usda.gov; xpchen@uga.edu; phat.dang@ars.usda.gov; brian.scully@ars.usda.gov; liang804@yahoo.com; corley.holbrook@ars.usda.gov; jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov; spotwilt@uga.edu NR 56 TC 46 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-213X J9 BMC DEV BIOL JI BMC Dev. Biol. PD FEB 4 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1471-213X-8-12 PG 16 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 275HG UT WOS:000254061900001 PM 18248674 ER PT J AU Taylor, TE L'Ecuyer, TS Slusser, JR Stephens, GL Goering, CD AF Taylor, Thomas E. L'Ecuyer, Tristan S. Slusser, James R. Stephens, Graeme L. Goering, Christian D. TI An operational retrieval algorithm for determining aerosol optical properties in the ultraviolet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; SHADOW-BAND RADIOMETER; SURFACE REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; BEND-NATIONAL-PARK; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; UV IRRADIANCE; COLUMN OZONE; DOBSON SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB This paper describes a number of practical considerations concerning the optimization and operational implementation of an algorithm used to characterize the optical properties of aerosols across part of the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum. The algorithm estimates values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) at seven wavelengths in the UV, as well as total column ozone (TOC) and wavelength-independent asymmetry factor ( g) using direct and diffuse irradiances measured with a UV multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (UV-MFRSR). A novel method for cloud screening the irradiance data set is introduced, as well as several improvements and optimizations to the retrieval scheme which yield a more realistic physical model for the inversion and increase the efficiency of the algorithm. Introduction of a wavelength-dependent retrieval error budget generated from rigorous forward model analysis as well as broadened covariances on the a priori values of AOD, SSA and g and tightened covariances of TOC allows sufficient retrieval sensitivity and resolution to obtain unique solutions of aerosol optical properties as demonstrated by synthetic retrievals. Analysis of a cloud screened data set (May 2003) from Panther Junction, Texas, demonstrates that the algorithm produces realistic values of the optical properties that compare favorably with pseudo-independent methods for AOD, TOC and calculated Angstrom exponents. Retrieval errors of all parameters (except TOC) are shown to be negatively correlated to AOD, while the Shannon information content is positively correlated, indicating that retrieval skill improves with increasing atmospheric turbidity. When implemented operationally on more than thirty instruments in the Ultraviolet Monitoring and Research Program's (UVMRP) network, this retrieval algorithm will provide a comprehensive and internally consistent climatology of ground- based aerosol properties in the UV spectral range that can be used for both validation of satellite measurements as well as regional aerosol and ultraviolet transmission studies. C1 [Taylor, Thomas E.; Slusser, James R.] Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [L'Ecuyer, Tristan S.; Stephens, Graeme L.; Goering, Christian D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Taylor, TE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ttaylor@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu RI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012 OI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D3 AR D03201 DI 10.1029/2007JD008661 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 257UZ UT WOS:000252825500002 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Lopez-Miranda, J Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F AF Perez-Martinez, Pablo Lopez-Miranda, Jose Ordovas, Jose Maria Perez-Jimenez, Francisco TI Nutrition in the age of genomics: towards a personalized diet SO MEDICINA CLINICA LA Spanish DT Editorial Material ID RECEPTOR CLASS-B; POLYMORPHISM EXON-1 VARIANT; FATTY-ACID REGULATION; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; LIPID-METABOLISM; SR-BI; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION C1 [Perez-Martinez, Pablo; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco] Univ Cordoba, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Inst Salud Carlos III, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis,Ciber Fisiopato, Cordoba 14004, Spain. [Perez-Martinez, Pablo; Ordovas, Jose Maria] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Perez-Martinez, P (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Inst Salud Carlos III, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis,Ciber Fisiopato, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM pablopermar@yahoo.es OI Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDICIONES DOYMA S A PI BARCELONA PA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0025-7753 J9 MED CLIN-BARCELONA JI Med. Clin. PD FEB 2 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 3 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 258LS UT WOS:000252870000007 PM 18261382 ER PT J AU Tonina, D Bellin, A AF Tonina, Daniele Bellin, Alberto TI Effects of pore-scale dispersion, degree of heterogeneity, sampling size, and source volume on the concentration moments of conservative solutes in heterogeneous formations SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE solute transport; groundwater; concentration moments; stochastic methods ID CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; LOCAL DISPERSION; TRACER TESTS; TRANSPORT; AQUIFERS; MEDIA; FLOW AB Pore-scale dispersion (PSD), aquifer heterogeneity, sampling volume, and source size influence solute concentrations of conservative tracers transported in heterogeneous porous formations. In this work, we developed a new set of analytical solutions for the concentration ensemble mean, variance, and coefficient of variation (CV), which consider the effects of all these factors. We developed these models as generalizations of the first-order Solutions in the log-conductivity variance of point concentration proposed by [Fiori A, Dagan G. Concentration fluctuations in aquifer transport: a rigorous first-order solution and applications. J Contain Hydrol 2000;45(1-2):139163]. Our first-order solutions compare well with numerical simulations for small and moderate formation heterogeneity and from small to large sampling and source volumes. However, their performance deteriorates for highly heterogeneous formations. Successively, we used our models to study the interplay among sampler size, source volume, and PSD. Our analysis shows a complex and important interaction among these factors. Additionally, we show that the relative importance of these factors is also a function of plume age, of aquifer heterogeneity, and of the measurement location with respect to the mean plume center of gravity. We found that the concentration moments are chiefly controlled by the sampling volume with pore-scale dispersion playing a minor role at short times and for small Source Volumes. However, the effect of the source volume cannot be neglected when it is larger than the sampling volume. A different behavior occurs for long periods, which may be relevant for old contaminations, or for small injection volumes. In these cases, PSD causes a significant dilution, which is reflected in the concentration statistics. Additionally, at the center of the mean plume, where high concentrations are most likely to occur, we found that sampling volume and PSD are attenuating mechanisms for both concentration ensemble mean and coefficient of variation, except at very large source and sampler sizes, where the coefficient of variation increases with sampler size and PSD. Formation heterogeneity causes a faster reduction of the ensemble mean concentrations and a larger uncertainty at the center of the mean plume. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of considering the combined effect of formation heterogeneity, exposure volume, PSD, source size, and measurement location in performing risk assessment. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tonina, Daniele] Univ Calif Berkeley, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Tonina, Daniele] USFS Rocky Mountain Res Stn Boise, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Bellin, Alberto] Univ Trent, Dipartimento Ingn Civile Ambientale, I-38050 Trento, Italy. RP Tonina, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM dtonina@berkeley.edu; Alberto.Bellin@unitn.it RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012; Bellin, Alberto/F-8955-2013 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013; Bellin, Alberto/0000-0002-7348-8313 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.08.009 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 262GM UT WOS:000253137000010 ER PT J AU Williams, L Hendrix, DL AF Williams, Livy, III Hendrix, Donald L. TI Comparing different floral resources on the longevity of a parasitic wasp SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaphes iole; biological control; carbohydrates; floral resources; high-performance anion-exchange chromatography; Lygus; nectar; pollen ID CULTURED ANAPHES-IOLE; HOMALODISCA-VITRIPENNIS; HONEYDEW SUGARS; FOOD SOURCES; HOST PLANTS; SEX-RATIO; NECTAR; MIRIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; FECUNDITY AB 1 The effects of floral resources of several important non-crop host plants of Lygus lineolaris on the longevity of Anaphes iole, one of its natural enemies, was studied. 2 Median longevity of A. iole wasps provisioned with floral resources (Erigeron annuus, Oenothera speciosa, Lamium amplexicaule, and Capsella bursa-pastoris) was in the range 1.27-3.24 days, and did not differ from wasps in the distilled water only control (1.46-2.81 days), but was less than median longevity of wasps provisioned with distilled water + sucrose (5.30-12.46 days). No difference in longevity was observed between gender, although females usually lived slightly longer than males. 3 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography analyses of O. speciosa floral nectar revealed that the major carbohydrate components were sucrose, glucose, and fructose. 4 The results indicate that the floral resources of some non-crop plants that serve as important reproductive hosts for L. lineolaris offer little or no benefit to A. iole. C1 [Williams, Livy, III] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM livyw@unr.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 249MP UT WOS:000252232900003 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM Turcani, M Kamata, N AF Liebhold, A. M. Turcani, Marek Kamata, Naoto TI Inference of adult female dispersal from the distribution of gypsy moth egg masses in a Japanese city SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian gypsy moth; flight; Japan; Lepidoptera; Lymantria dispar; lymantriidae ID LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; FLIGHT AB 1 The native range of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) spans the temperate forests of Eurasia. Across this region, a clinal female flight polymorphism exists; gypsy moth females in eastern Asia are mostly capable of directed flight, those in western and southern Europe are largely incapable of flight and populations distributed across the centre of the distribution exhibit a range of intermediate flight behaviours. 2 Although information exists about the timing and duration of female flight from laboratory and wind tunnel studies, little or no quantitative data are available on average distances flown by Asian gypsy moth females prior to oviposition in the field. This information is critical for estimating risk of contamination at specific ports and transit terminals, as well as for predicting the spread of populations that might someday invade currently uninfested regions of the world. 3 In the present study, an extensive visual survey of gypsy moth egg masses was conducted during a walk through streets and paths in a 3.92 x 5.76 km area in Kanazawa, Japan. This area consisted of a matrix of urban, agricultural and forest land uses. The distribution of egg masses relative to distances from host forests was used to infer the magnitude of pre-ovipositional female flight. 4 A total of 3172 egg masses was recorded from surveys conducted during the search of a path totalling 384 km. Within urban areas, egg masses were most abundant in the area < 1 km from the edge of forest land. 5 These results suggest that most female gypsy moth flight is limited to the area within 1 km of host forests. They also suggest that shipping containers and other parcels located > 1 km from forests are at a much lower risk of contamination with Asian gypsy moth egg masses. C1 [Liebhold, A. M.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stat, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Turcani, Marek] Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Forestry Wildlife & Wood Sci, Prague 16521 6, Czech Republic. [Kamata, Naoto] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stat, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Kamata, Naoto/0000-0002-8818-6991 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 249MP UT WOS:000252232900009 ER PT J AU Hoffman, GD AF Hoffman, Gloria DeGrandi TI Do honey bees increase sunflower seed yields? SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB What product comes in nacho cheese, jalapeno, ranch and dill pickle flavors, is 140 calories per serving, has no cholesterol or trans fat, 6 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fiber (more if you eat the shell)? The answer is sunflower seeds. In 2007, 1,864,000 acres of sunflowers are being grown in the U.S. mostly in North and South Dakota, Colorado and Kansas. C1 [Hoffman, Gloria DeGrandi] USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hoffman, GD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 255HT UT WOS:000252649600015 ER PT J AU Yen, ST Andrews, M Chen, Z Eastwood, DB AF Yen, Steven T. Andrews, Margaret Chen, Zhuo Eastwood, David B. TI Food stamp program participation and food insecurity: An instrumental variables approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE censored dependent variable; food insecurity; food stamp program; instrumental variables; National Food Stamp Program Survey ID HOUSEHOLDS; ASSISTANCE; SECURITY; CHILDREN; HUNGER AB The relationship between Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation and household food insecurity (FI) is investigated using data from the 1996-1997 National Food Stamp Program Survey. Endogeneity of FSP participation is accommodated with an instrumental variables approach. In contrast to other findings reported in the literature, results suggest participation in the FSP reduces the severity of FI. Sociodemographic variables play important roles in FSP participation and FI. Underreporting of FSP participation and limited observations of food-insecure households in previous studies may have also been factors. C1 [Yen, Steven T.; Chen, Zhuo; Eastwood, David B.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Andrews, Margaret] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Food Assistance & Nutr Res Program, Washington, DC USA. [Chen, Zhuo] Univ Chicago, Chicago Ctr Excellence Hlth Promot Econ, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Yen, ST (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Chen, Zhuo/0000-0002-5351-3489 NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 90 IS 1 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01045.x PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 256CQ UT WOS:000252705700009 ER PT J AU Ames, M Spooner, DM AF Ames, Mercedes Spooner, David M. TI DNA from herbarium specimens settles a controversy about origins of the European potato SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE crop origins; cultivated potato; Solanaceae; Solanum tuberosum ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; DOMESTICATION; EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR AB Landrace potato cultivars are native to two areas in South America: the high Andes from eastern Venezuela to northern Argentina and the lowlands of south-central Chile. Potato first appeared outside of South America in Europe in 1567 and rapidly diffused worldwide. Two competing hypotheses suggested the origin of the "European" potato from the Andes or from lowland Chile, but the Andean origin has been widely accepted over the last 60 years. All modern potato cultivars predominantly have Chilean germplasm, explained as originating from breeding with Chilean landraces subsequent to the late blight epidemics beginning in 1845 in the UK. The Andean origin has been questioned recently through examination of landraces in India and the Canary Islands, but this evidence is inferential. Through a plastid DNA deletion marker from historical herbarium specimens, we report that the Andean potato predominated in the 1700s, but the Chilean potato was introduced into Europe as early as 1811 and became predominant long before the late blight epidemics in the UK. Our results provide the first direct evidence of these events and change the history of introduction of the European potato. They shed new light on the value of past breeding efforts to recreate the European potato from Andean forms and highlight the value of herbarium specimens in investigating origins of crop plants. C1 [Ames, Mercedes; Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 27 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.3732/ajb.95.2.252 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 260NU UT WOS:000253017800013 PM 21632349 ER PT J AU Ai, M Otokozawa, S Asztalos, BF Nakajima, K Stein, E Jones, PH Schaefer, EJ AF Ai, Masumi Otokozawa, Seiko Asztalos, Bela F. Nakajima, Katsuyuki Stein, Evan Jones, Peter H. Schaefer, Ernst J. f TI Effects of maximal doses of atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin on small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; INTERVENTION TRIAL; STATIN THERAPY; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PRAVASTATIN; SUBPOPULATIONS; PARTICIPANTS; METAANALYSIS; SIMVASTATIN AB Maximal doses of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are highly effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels; however, rosuvastatin has been shown to be significantly more effective than atorvastatin in lowering LDL cholesterol and in increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subclasses. Our purpose in this post hoc subanalysis of an open-label study was to compare the effects of daily oral doses of rosuvastatin 40 mg with atorvastatin 80 mg over a 6-week period on direct LDL cholesterol and small dense LDL (sdLDL) cholesterol in 271 hyperlipidemic men and women versus baseline values. Rosuvastatin was significantly (p < 0.01) more effective than atorvastatin in decreasing sdLDL cholesterol (-53% vs -46%), direct LDL cholesterol (-52% vs -50%), total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (-46% vs -39%), and non-HDL cholesterol (-51 % vs -48%), The magnitude of these differences was modest, and the 2 statins caused similar decreases in triglyceride levels (-24% and -26%). In conclusion, our data indicate that the 2 statins, given at their maximal doses, significantly and beneficially alter the entire spectrum of lipoprotein particles, but that rosuvastatin is significantly more effective than atorvastatin in lowering direct LDL cholesterol and sdLDL cholesterol. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Asztalos, Bela F.; Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Schaefer, Ernst J. f] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Cardiovasc Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Asztalos, Bela F.; Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Schaefer, Ernst J. f] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Asztalos, Bela F.; Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Schaefer, Ernst J. f] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Stein, Evan] Metab & Atherosclerosis Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Jones, Peter H.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Cardiovasc Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.08.035 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 259EY UT WOS:000252923100008 PM 18237592 ER PT J AU Birt, DF Widrlechner, MP LaLone, CA Wu, L Bae, J Solco, AKS Kraus, GA Murphy, PA Wurtele, ES Leng, Q Hebert, SC Maury, WJ Price, JP AF Birt, Diane F. Widrlechner, Mark P. LaLone, Carlie A. Wu, Lankun Bae, Jaehoon Solco, Avery K. S. Kraus, George A. Murphy, Patricia A. Wurtele, Eve S. Leng, Qiang Hebert, Steven C. Maury, Wend J. Price, Jason P. TI Echinacea in infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the Japan-Neurosurgical-Society CY OCT 07, 2004 CL Nagoya, JAPAN SP Japan Neurosurg Soc DE alkamide; antiinflammatory; antipain; antiviral; cichoric acid; Echinacea; Echinacea angustifolia; Echinacea pallida; Echinacea purpurea; Echinacea sanguinea; Echinacea simulate; HIV; TRPV1 receptor ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ANANDAMIDE; RECEPTOR AB Ongoing studies have developed strategies for identifying key bioactive compounds and chemical profiles in Echinacea with the goal of improving its human health benefits. Antiviral and antiinflammatory-antipain assays have targeted various classes of chemicals responsible for these activities. Analysis of polar fractions of E purpurea extracts showed the presence of antiviral activity, with evidence suggesting that polyphenolic compounds other than the known HIV inhibitor, cichoric acid, may be involved. Antiinflammatory activity differed by species, with E. sanguinea having the greatest activity and E. angustifolia, E. pallida, and E. simulata having somewhat less. Fractionation and studies with pure compounds indicate that this activity is explained, at least in part, by the alkamide constituents. Ethanol extracts from Echinacea roots had potent activity as novel agonists of TRPV1, a mammalian pain receptor reported as an integrator of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia and a prime therapeutic target for analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs. One fraction from E. purpurea ethanol extract was bioactive in this system. Interestingly, the anti inflammatory compounds identified to inhibit prostaglandin E-2 production differed from those involved in TRPV1 receptor activation. C1 [Birt, Diane F.; LaLone, Carlie A.; Solco, Avery K. S.; Murphy, Patricia A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Birt, Diane F.; Widrlechner, Mark P.; LaLone, Carlie A.; Wu, Lankun; Bae, Jaehoon; Solco, Avery K. S.; Kraus, George A.; Murphy, Patricia A.; Wurtele, Eve S.; Leng, Qiang; Hebert, Steven C.; Maury, Wend J.; Price, Jason P.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Res Bot Dietary Supplements, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [LaLone, Carlie A.; Wu, Lankun] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wu, Lankun; Wurtele, Eve S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bae, Jaehoon; Kraus, George A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA USA. [Maury, Wend J.; Price, Jason P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Leng, Qiang; Hebert, Steven C.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Birt, DF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 215 MacKay Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dbirt@iastate.edu RI Leng, John/A-9359-2011 FU NCCIH NIH HHS [P50 AT004155, 95P50AT004155]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES012020, P01 ES012020-05] NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 488S EP 492S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 260KR UT WOS:000253009700033 PM 18258644 ER PT J AU Shea, MK Booth, SL Massaro, JM Jacques, PF D'Agostino, RB Dawson-Hughes, B Ordovas, JM O'Donnell, CJ Kathiresan, S Keaney, JF Vasan, RS Benjamin, EJ AF Shea, M. Kyla Booth, Sarah L. Massaro, Joseph M. Jacques, Paul F. D'Agostino, Ralph B., Sr. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Ordovas, Jose M. O'Donnell, Christopher J. Kathiresan, Sekar Keaney, John F., Jr. Vasan, Ramachandran S. Benjamin, Emelia J. TI Vitamin K and vitamin D status: Associations with inflammatory markers in the framingham offspring study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inflammation; vitamin D; vitamin K ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYLLOQUINONE INTAKE; BIOCHEMICAL MEASURES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; D SUPPLEMENTATION; INHIBITORY FACTOR; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SERUM-LEVELS AB In vitro data suggest protective roles for vitamins K and D in inflammation. To examine associations between vitamins K and D and inflammation in vivo, the authors used multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, triglyceride concentrations, use of aspirin, use of lipid-lowering medication, season, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy. Participants were from the Framingham Offspring Study (1997-2001; n = 1,381; mean age = 59 years; 52% women). Vitamin K status, measured by plasma phylloquinone concentration and phylloquinone intake, was inversely associated with circulating inflammatory markers as a group and with several individual inflammatory biomarkers (p < 0.01). Percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a functional measure of vitamin K status, was not associated with overall inflammation but was associated with C-reactive protein (p < 0.01). Although plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with urinary isoprostane concentration, an indicator of oxidative stress (p < 0.01), overall associations between vitamin D status and inflammation were inconsistent. The observation that high vitamin K status was associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers suggests that a possible protective role for vitamin K in inflammation merits further investigation. C1 [Shea, M. Kyla; Booth, Sarah L.; Jacques, Paul F.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Massaro, Joseph M.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Massaro, Joseph M.; D'Agostino, Ralph B., Sr.] Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cardiol & Prevent Med Sect, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Keaney, John F., Jr.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Whitaker Cardiovasc Inst, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Kathiresan, Sekar] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Massaro, Joseph M.; D'Agostino, Ralph B., Sr.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Benjamin, Emelia J.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Massaro, Joseph/0000-0002-2682-4812; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR001066, M01-RR-01066]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL076784-01, R01 HL076784, R01 HL058090-07, T32HL69772-0141, N01 HC025195, R01 HL064753-04, N01-HC-38038, HL58090, R01 HL076784-05, R01 HL058090, R01 HL064753, HC-25195, R01 HL058090-02, N01HC25195, HL076784, HL064753, K24 HL004334, 2K24HL04334]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG014759, R01 AG028321-03, AG14759, R01 AG028321, AG028321, R01 AG014759-04] NR 49 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm306 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 258XH UT WOS:000252903200009 PM 18006902 ER PT J AU Thibault, R Welch, S Mauras, N Sager, B Altomare, A Haymond, M Darmaun, D AF Thibault, Ronan Welch, Susan Mauras, Nelly Sager, Brenda Altomare, Astride Haymond, Morey Darmaun, Dominique TI Corticosteroids increase glutamine utilization in human splanchnic bed SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nutrition; protein metabolism; stable isotopes; stress; gut ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; AMINO-ACID; CRITICALLY-ILL; IN-VIVO; METABOLISM; KINETICS; RATS; GUT; LEUCINE; ALANINE AB Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is extensively taken up in gut and liver in healthy humans. To determine whether glucocorticosteroids alter splanchnic glutamine metabolism, the effect of prednisone was assessed in healthy volunteers using isotope tracer methods. Two groups of healthy adults received 5-h intravenous infusions of L-[1-C-14] leucine and L-[H-2(5)] glutamine, along with q. 20 min oral sips of tracer doses of L-[1-C-13] glutamine in the fasting state, either 1) at baseline (control group; n = 6) or 2) after a 6-day course of 0.8 mg . kg (-1) . day (-1) prednisone ( prednisone group; n = 8). Leucine and glutamine appearance rates (Ra) were determined from plasma [1-C-14] ketoisocaproate and [H-2(5)] glutamine, respectively, and leucine and glutamine oxidation from breath (CO2)-C-14 and (CO2)-C-13, respectively. Splanchnic glutamine extraction was estimated by the fraction of orally administered [C-13] glutamine that failed to appear into systemic blood. Prednisone treatment 1) did not affect leucine Ra or leucine oxidation; 2) increased plasma glutamine Ra, mostly owing to enhanced glutamine de novo synthesis ( medians +/- interquartiles, 412 +/- 61 vs. 280 +/- 190 mu mol . kg (-1) .h(-1), P = 0.003); and 3) increased the fraction of orally administered glutamine undergoing extraction in the splanchnic territory ( means +/- SE 64 +/- 6 vs. 42 +/- 12%, P < 0.05), without any change in the fraction of glutamine oxidized ( means +/- SE, 75 +/- 4 vs. 77 +/- 4%, not significant). We conclude that high-dose glucocorticosteroids increase in splanchnic bed the glutamine requirements. The role of such changes in patients receiving chronic corticoid treatment for inflammatory diseases or suffering from severe illness remains to be determined. C1 [Thibault, Ronan; Darmaun, Dominique] Univ Nantes, Unite Mixte Rech 1280, Inst Natl Rech Agronom, Nantes, France. [Thibault, Ronan; Darmaun, Dominique] CHU, Hotel Dieu, Dept Gastroenterol & Nutr Support, Nantes, France. [Thibault, Ronan; Darmaun, Dominique] Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine, Inst Maladies Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France. [Welch, Susan; Mauras, Nelly; Sager, Brenda; Altomare, Astride; Haymond, Morey; Darmaun, Dominique] Nemours Childrens Clin, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Haymond, Morey] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Darmaun, D (reprint author), CHU Hotel Dieu, INRA, UMR 1280, 1 Pl Alexis Adaptat Nutr, Nantes, France. EM ddarmaun@chu-nantes.fr FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK-51477] NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 294 IS 2 BP G548 EP G553 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00461.2007 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 261ZZ UT WOS:000253120100021 PM 18162479 ER PT J AU Bray, MS Shaw, CA Moore, MWS Garcia, RAP Zanquetta, MM Durgan, DJ Jeong, WJ Tsai, JY Bugger, H Zhang, D Rohrwasser, A Rennison, JH Dyck, JRB Litwin, SE Hardin, PE Chow, CW Chandler, MP Abel, ED Young, ME AF Bray, Molly S. Shaw, Chad A. Moore, Michael W. S. Garcia, Rodrigo A. P. Zanquetta, Melissa M. Durgan, David J. Jeong, William J. Tsai, Ju-Yun Bugger, Heiko Zhang, Dongfang Rohrwasser, Andreas Rennison, Julie H. Dyck, Jason R. B. Litwin, Sheldon E. Hardin, Paul E. Chow, Chi-Wing Chandler, Margaret P. Abel, E. Dale Young, Martin E. TI Disruption of the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte influences myocardial contractile function, metabolism, and gene expression SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bradycardia; carbohydrate; chronobiology; epinephrine; fatty acids ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIA; HEART-RATE; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RHYTHMS; RAT; ATTENUATION; DYSFUNCTION; PROTEIN; OBESITY AB Virtually every mammalian cell, including cardiomyocytes, possesses an intrinsic circadian clock. The role of this transcriptionally based molecular mechanism in cardiovascular biology is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte influences diurnal variations in myocardial biology. We, therefore, generated a cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock mutant (CCM) mouse to test this hypothesis. At 12 wk of age, CCM mice exhibit normal myocardial contractile function in vivo, as assessed by echocardiography. Radiotelemetry studies reveal attenuation of heart rate diurnal variations and bradycardia in CCM mice (in the absence of conduction system abnormalities). Reduced heart rate persisted in CCM hearts perfused ex vivo in the working mode, highlighting the intrinsic nature of this phenotype. Wild-type, but not CCM, hearts exhibited a marked diurnal variation in responsiveness to an elevation in workload (80 mmHg plus 1 mu M epinephrine) ex vivo, with a greater increase in cardiac power and efficiency during the dark (active) phase vs. the light (inactive) phase. Moreover, myocardial oxygen consumption and fatty acid oxidation rates were increased, whereas cardiac efficiency was decreased, in CCM hearts. These observations were associated with no alterations in mitochondrial content or structure and modest mitochondrial dysfunction in CCM hearts. Gene expression microarray analysis identified 548 and 176 genes in atria and ventricles, respectively, whose normal diurnal expression patterns were altered in CCM mice. These studies suggest that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock influences myocardial contractile function, metabolism, and gene expression. C1 [Bray, Molly S.; Moore, Michael W. S.; Garcia, Rodrigo A. P.; Zanquetta, Melissa M.; Durgan, David J.; Jeong, William J.; Tsai, Ju-Yun; Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shaw, Chad A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Garcia, Rodrigo A. P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bugger, Heiko; Abel, E. Dale] Univ Utah, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Bugger, Heiko; Abel, E. Dale] Univ Utah, Program Human Mol Biol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Zhang, Dongfang; Litwin, Sheldon E.] Univ Utah, Div Cardiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Rohrwasser, Andreas] Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Rennison, Julie H.; Chandler, Margaret P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Dyck, Jason R. B.] Univ Alberta, Cardiovasc Res Grp, Dept Pediat & Pharmacol, Fac Med & Dent, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Hardin, Paul E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chow, Chi-Wing] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu OI Shaw, Chad/0000-0001-7267-5398 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-070070, HL-074259] NR 45 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 294 IS 2 BP H1036 EP H1047 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.01291.2007 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 261IN UT WOS:000253072400058 PM 18156197 ER PT J AU Yencho, GC McCord, PH Haynes, KG Sterrett, SBR AF Yencho, G. Craig McCord, Per H. Haynes, Kathleen G. Sterrett, S. B. Rikki TI Internal heat necrosis of potato - A review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE abiotic stress; Solanum tuberosum; internal defects; internal necrosis; potato tuber ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASES; CALCIUM NUTRITION; ATLANTIC POTATO; TUBER CALCIUM; BROWN SPOT; RUST SPOT; GRAVITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE AB Non-pathogenic necroses of potato tubers have been described in the literature since the early 20th century using different names including internal rust spot, internal browning, physiological internal necrosis, internal brown fleck, chocolate spot, internal brown spot and internal heat necrosis. These reports very likely describe either the same, or a collection of similar disorders, falling under the general umbrella of "internal necrosis", with the expression of symptoms being significantly altered via genotype by environment interactions. A number of widely-grown cultivars (e.g. 'Russet Burbank', 'Atlantic' and 'Yukon Gold') are susceptible to internal necrosis, making it an economically significant problem. In Atlantic, this syndrome has been termed internal heat necrosis (IHN) in the eastern United States by several investigators because heat and drought are believed to be important triggers of this condition. Investigators in the midwestern and western United States term this same or similar disorder internal brown spot (IBS). IHN and IBS are an internal physiological disorder of potato characterized by brownish red necrotic patches of parenchymal tissue that typically, though not always, occur along and/or inside the vascular ring. Several reports indicate that IHN is most commonly associated with the vascular ring tissue near the apical end of the tuber, but IHN may form anywhere in the tuber. In many cases, it is very difficult to distinguish between IHN and IBS, and several overlapping environmental factors are associated with each of these disorders. High day and night temperatures early in the growing season, combined with low rainfall, have been shown to increase the frequency and severity of IHN and IBS in several cultivars. Considerable research has examined the role of calcium in ameliorating IHN and IBS expression. Much of this work suggests an important role for calcium in the development of IHN, but other biotic and abiotic factors undoubtedly affect IHN and IBS expression. The biochemistry and genetics behind internal necroses of potato have historically been the least-researched facets of this problem. Research has shown that enzymes involved in protecting cells from oxidative damage may be involved, and heritability studies have demonstrated that broad-sense heritability for IHN resistance is high. This review seeks to outline previous work on physiological internal necroses of potato due to high temperatures, summarize our current knowledge of IHN, and point to new areas of investigation to develop IHN resistant potato varieties. C1 [Yencho, G. Craig; McCord, Per H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Haynes, Kathleen G.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sterrett, S. B. Rikki] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Northampton Cty Cooperat Extens Off, Exmore, VA 23350 USA. RP Yencho, GC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Rm 214A,Kilgore Hall,Box 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM craig_yencho@ncsu.edu; phmccord@ncsu.edu; kathleen.haynes@ars.usda.gov; vators@vt.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 85 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9008-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 289MB UT WOS:000255057500006 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Jensen, AS Hamm, PB Upton, JE AF Munyaneza, Joseph E. Jensen, Andrew S. Hamm, Philip B. Upton, Jeffrey E. TI Seasonal occurrence and abundance of beet leafhopper in the potato growing region of Washington and Oregon Columbia Basin and Yakima Valley SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Circulifer tenellus; phytoplasma; potato purple top disease; population dynamics; phenology ID TRANSMITTED VIRESCENCE AGENT; PURPLE TOP PHYTOPLASMA; ASTER YELLOWS; CICADELLIDAE; HEMIPTERA; DISEASE; CLOVER; PLANTS; PREFERENCE; DISPERSAL AB Leafhopper-transmitted phytoplasma diseases are increasingly becoming important in the Pacific Northwest. An epidemic of purple top disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) occurred in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon in the 2002 growing season and caused significant yield losses to potato fields and a reduction in tuber quality. The disease was also observed during ensuing years, especially in potato fields not treated with insecticides. In 2003, 2004, and 2005, leafhopper sampling was conducted in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon and Yakima Valley to determine the seasonal occurrence and abundance of the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus Baker, the primary vector of the potato purple top disease phytoplasma in this major potato producing region of the USA. Leafhoppers were sampled using sweep nets and yellow sticky traps at weekly intervals around potato fields throughout the Columbia Basin and in Yakima Valley from April to October. Leafhoppers were also sampled in two experimental potato fields not treated with insecticides in both 2003 and 2004. Leafhoppers in the samples were sorted, identified, and counted. The beet leafhopper was common and abundant in weeds near potato fields from mid-April to mid-October and had at least three generations per year. The beet leafhopper appeared into potato fields as early as April, but generally arrived in early May, and was present in potatoes throughout the remainder of the growing season. This leafhopper was abundant in potatoes in May to early July, suggesting that potatoes more likely are infected with the purple top disease phytoplasma during early summer; however, it is not clear how far into the growing season potato infection occurs. Several other leafhopper species were abundant in the study area and included economically important species such as Macrosteles spp., Ceratagallia spp., and Colladonus spp. All the leafhopper species found in weeds in the vicinity of potatoes were also present within potato fields. Further studies of the role C. tenellus and other potential leafhopper vectors play in purple top will be needed to improve management of this disease in the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Upton, Jeffrey E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Jensen, Andrew S.] Washington State Potato Commiss, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA. [Hamm, Philip B.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM joseph.munyaneza@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 85 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9005-7 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 289MB UT WOS:000255057500007 ER PT J AU Mosley, AR Yilma, S Hane, DC James, SR Rykbost, KA Shock, CC Love, SL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Thornton, RE Charlton, BA Eldredge, EP Novy, RG Pavek, MJ Knowles, NR Whitworth, JL Brown, CR Stark, JC Vales, MI AF Mosley, A. R. Yilma, S. Hane, D. C. James, S. R. Rykbost, K. A. Shock, C. C. Love, S. L. Corsini, D. L. Pavek, J. J. Thornton, R. E. Charlton, B. A. Eldredge, E. P. Novy, R. G. Pavek, M. J. Knowles, N. R. Whitworth, J. L. Brown, C. R. Stark, J. C. Vales, M. I. TI Willamette: A chipping cultivar with high yield and specific gravity, low incidence of hollow heart and brown center, and suitability for fresh-market usage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety; chipping quality; breeding ID POTATO VARIETY; QUALITY; SOLIDS AB Willamette (AO91812-1), a high-yielding, round, white-skinned variety with good chipping qualities, was released in 2003 by the Oregon, Idaho and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations and the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. Willamette was selected at Powell Butte, Oregon in 1993 from a cross between NDA2031-2 and A86463-3. Willamette vines are relatively large, vigorous and medium-late in maturity. Yields of Willamette were higher than Atlantic across a number of western states (total yield: Willamette 60.6 Mg ha(-1), Atlantic 50.8 Mg ha(-1)). Willamette exhibited fewer internal tuber defects than Atlantic tubers (i.e. hollow heart and brown center: Willamette 2.0%, Atlantic 8.7%), but had similar levels of external defects. Willamette chips well from 10 degrees C storage (Willamette chip color 1.4, Atlantic 1.6) but not from 4.4 degrees C. Tuber specific gravity is comparable to that of Atlantic (1.084). Willamette tubers contain slightly lower levels of total glycoalkaloids (Willamette 3.1 mg 100 g(-1), Atlantic 6.8 mg 100 g(-1)) and vitamin C (Willamette 16.4 mg 100 g(-1), Atlantic 21.7 mg 100 g(-1)) than those of Atlantic, but has similar levels of dry matter, protein, dextrose and sucrose. Compared to Atlantic, Willamette shows greater resistance to Verticillium wilt and potato leafroll virus, similar susceptibility to early blight, foliar late blight, Erwinia soft rot and potato virus Y, and greater susceptibility to tuber late blight and common scab. C1 [Mosley, A. R.; Yilma, S.; Vales, M. I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hane, D. C.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [James, S. R.] Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Madras, OR 97741 USA. [Rykbost, K. A.; Charlton, B. A.] Oregon State Univ, Klamath Basin Res & Extens Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Shock, C. C.; Eldredge, E. P.] Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. [Love, S. L.; Stark, J. C.] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Corsini, D. L.; Pavek, J. J.; Novy, R. G.; Whitworth, J. L.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Thornton, R. E.; Pavek, M. J.; Knowles, N. R.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brown, C. R.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vales, MI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM isabel.vales@oregonstate.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 85 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9006-6 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 289MB UT WOS:000255057500008 ER PT J AU Wongsathapornchai, K Salman, MD Edwards, JR Morley, PS Keefe, TJ Van Campen, H Weber, S Premashthira, S AF Wongsathapornchai, Kachen Salman, M. D. Edwards, John R. Morley, Paul S. Keefe, Thomas J. Van Campen, Hana Weber, Steve Premashthira, Sith TI Use of epidemiologic risk modeling to evaluate control of foot-and-mouth disease in southern Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN THAILAND; VACCINATED ANIMALS; SUSCEPTIBLE CATTLE; OUTBREAKS; CONTACT; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; IMPORTATION; PRODUCTS; VILLAGES AB Objective-To assess the impacts of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and various FMD control programs in southern Thailand. Animals-A native population of 562,910 cattle and 33,088 buffalo as well as 89,294 animals legally transported into southern Thailand. Procedures-A quantitative risk assessment was used to ascertain the probability of FMD introduction, and an intrinsic dynamic model was used to assess impacts. Value for the transmission rate (beta) was estimated. Five scenarios created to assess the impacts of nonstructural protein (NSP) testing, mass vaccination, and culling were examined. Impacts were assessed through an examination of the estimated annual cumulative incidence (ACI)of FMD. The ACIs of various scenarios were compared by use of the Tukey Studentized range technique. Results-beta was estimated at 0.115. Approximately 35,000 cases of FMD would be expected from the baseline situation. A 30% reduction of ACI was detected with the introduction of NSP antibody testing. Prophylactic vaccination resulted in an 85% reduction of ACI. Concurrent use of NSP antibody testing and vaccination reduced the ACI by 96%, and the addition of an eradication policy resulted in a slightly greater decrease in the ACI (98%). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The study used epidemiologic models to investigate FMD control interventions. Results suggested that vaccination has more impact than the use of NSP testing. Use of the NSP test reduced AD during peak seasons, whereas vaccination diminished the underlying incidence. The best mitigation plan was an integrated and strategic use of multiple control techniques. C1 [Wongsathapornchai, Kachen; Salman, M. D.; Morley, Paul S.; Van Campen, Hana; Premashthira, Sith] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Keefe, Thomas J.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Edwards, John R.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Weber, Steve] USDA, APHIS, Ctr Anim Dis Informat & Anal, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Salman, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 69 IS 2 BP 240 EP 251 DI 10.2460/ajvr.69.2.240 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 259CG UT WOS:000252916100012 PM 18241022 ER PT J AU Wongsathapornchai, K Salman, MD Edwards, JR Morley, PS Keefe, TJ Van Campen, H Weber, S AF Wongsathapornchai, Kachen Salman, M. D. Edwards, John R. Morley, Paul S. Keefe, Thomas J. Van Campen, Hana Weber, Steve TI Assessment of the likelihood of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease through importation of live animals into the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar peninsula SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN THAILAND; VACCINATED ANIMALS; PRODUCTS; CARRIER; VIRUS AB Objective-To assess the likelihood of an introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) into the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar (MTM) peninsula through terrestrial movement of livestock. Animals-89,294 cattle and buffalo legally moved into the MTM peninsula. Procedures-A quantitative risk assessment was conducted by use of a stochastic simulation. Patterns of livestock movement were ascertained through review of relevant governmental records and regulations and by interviewing farmers, traders, and local officers when the records did not exist. Parameters identified in the process were the probabilities of livestock having FMD and of FMD infection going undetected during import processes. The probability of an animal accepted for import having FMD was also assessed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effects that each parameter had on the model. Results-The simulation yielded an average consignment prevalence of 10.95%. Typically, each animal in a quarantine facility had a 2.7% chance of having an inapparent form of FMD infection; hence, it was likely an animal would not be identified as infected. Findings revealed that the mean probability of an animal accepted for import having FMD was 2.9%, and the risk was as high as 11%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results of the model allowed for the evaluation of movement regulations currently imposed in the MTM peninsula. Evidence from the study suggested that current practices in animal movement were far from efficient in preventing introduction of FMD-infected animals into the MTM region, and additional measures will be necessary. C1 [Wongsathapornchai, Kachen; Salman, M. D.; Morley, Paul S.; Van Campen, Hana] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Keefe, Thomas J.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Edwards, John R.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Weber, Steve] USDA, APHIS, Ctr Anim Dis Informat & Anal, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Salman, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 69 IS 2 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.2460/ajvr.69.2.252 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 259CG UT WOS:000252916100013 PM 18241023 ER PT J AU Dunkley, KD Callaway, TR Chalova, VI Anderson, RC Kundinger, MM Dunkley, CS Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, K. D. Callaway, T. R. Chalova, V. I. Anderson, R. C. Kundinger, M. M. Dunkley, C. S. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Growth and genetic responses of Salmonella Typhimurium to, pH-shifts in an anaerobic continuous culture SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; continuous culture; cell yield; glucose yield ID ACID TOLERANCE RESPONSE; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; FED-BATCH CULTURE; MAINTENANCE ENERGY; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BROILER-CHICKENS; DIETARY LACTOSE AB Salmonella infection of chickens that leads to potential human foodborne salmonellosis continues to be a concern. Changes in the pH of poultry gastrointestinal tract could influence Salmonella growth and virulence response. In the current study, growth responses of a chicken isolate Salmonella enterica serovar Typhmurium (ST) to three incremental pH-shifts (6.17-7.35) in continuous cultures (CC) were evaluated. The expression of rpoS and hilA was determined by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well. Increases in pH resulted in higher cell protein concentrations, glucose disappearance, and glucose and ATP yields. Although with some inconsistency between the two trials, the data indicated that the ammonia release into media was favored by low pH. The pH shifts did not significantly affect acetate biosynthesis. No consistent -trends of pH influence on propionate and butyrate production could be detected. In all three pH shifts, relative expression of hilA was dominant at 0 It which represented CC steady state. In pH shift 7.35-6.86 (Trial 1), the relative expression of rpoS at time 0 and I h were over five-fold higher than after 3 and 6 h of growth. Overall, the results suggest that ST physiology is altered by changes in pH, which could be determinant factors for ST survival in the poultry gastrointestinal ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Callaway, T. R.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Food Safety IFSE, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.10.001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 277WY UT WOS:000254246600006 PM 18061487 ER PT J AU Hanes, MC Weinzweig, J Panter, KE McClellan, WT Caterson, SA Buchman, SR Faulkner, JA Yu, D Cederna, PS Larkin, LM AF Hanes, Michael C. Weinzweig, Jeffrey Panter, Kip E. McClellan, W. Thomas Caterson, Stefanie A. Buchman, Steven R. Faulkner, John A. Yu, Deborah Cederna, Paul S. Larkin, Lisa M. TI The effect of cleft palate repair on contractile properties of single permeabilized muscle fibers from congenitally cleft goat palates SO ANNALS OF PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE cleft palate; palatoplasty; contractile properties; single permeabilized muscle fibers ID OPPOSING Z-PLASTY; IN-UTERO REPAIR; VELOPHARYNGEAL INSUFFICIENCY; INTRAVELAR VELOPLASTY; CELLULAR MECHANISMS; FURLOW PALATOPLASTY; ISOMETRIC FORCE; PHARYNGEAL FLAP; CHILDREN BORN; CALCIUM AB Inherent differences in the levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle of cleft palates before palatoplasty may play a role in persistent postrepair velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Contractile properties of LVP muscle fibers were analyzed from young (2-month) normal (YNP), young congenitally cleft (YCP) and again on the same YCP subjects 6 months after palatoplasty, mature repaired palate (MRP). The cross-sectional area and rate of force development (k(tr)) were measured. Specific force (sF(0)) and normalized power (nP(max)) were calculated. Using k(tr) to determine fiber type composition, YNP was 44% type 1 and 56% type 2, while YCP was 100% type 2. Two MRP subjects shifted to 100% type 1; 1 demonstrated increased resistance to fatigue. No differences in sF(0) were observed. nP(max) increased with presence of type 2 fibers. The persistent state of type 2 fibers following palatoplasty leads to increased fatigue in the LVP of MRP subjects and may cause VPI symptoms. C1 [Buchman, Steven R.; Yu, Deborah; Cederna, Paul S.] Univ Michigan, Sect Plast Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Larkin, Lisa M.] Univ Michigan, Geriatr Med Sect, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hanes, Michael C.; Faulkner, John A.; Cederna, Paul S.; Larkin, Lisa M.] Univ Michigan, Inst Gerontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Weinzweig, Jeffrey; McClellan, W. Thomas; Caterson, Stefanie A.] Lahey Clin Fdn, Dept Plast Surg, Burlington, MA USA. [Panter, Kip E.] USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Larkin, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, BSRB, Room 2025,109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM llarkin@umich.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG013283, P01 AG015434-059003, P30 AG 13283]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008616, T32 GM008616-06A1] NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-7043 J9 ANN PLAS SURG JI Ann. Plast. Surg. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 60 IS 2 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1097/SAP.0b013e318052c6f2 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 255AA UT WOS:000252627900016 PM 18216514 ER PT J AU Lyons, JM Abergel, J Thomson, JL Wang, Y Anthony, LB Boudreaux, JP Warner, R Woltering, EA AF Lyons, J. M. Abergel, J. Thomson, J. L. Wang, Y. Anthony, L. B. Boudreaux, J. P. Warner, R. Woltering, E. A. TI In vitro chemoresistance testing in well-differentiated carcinoid tumors SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology CY MAR 13-16, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Surg Oncol C1 [Lyons, J. M.; Wang, Y.; Anthony, L. B.; Boudreaux, J. P.; Woltering, E. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, New Orleans, LA USA. [Abergel, J.; Warner, R.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Thomson, J. L.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 15 SU 2 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 258RT UT WOS:000252887900256 ER PT J AU Sinclair, R Boone, SA Greenberg, D Keim, P Gerba, CP AF Sinclair, Ryan Boone, Stephanie A. Greenberg, David Keim, Paul Gerba, Charles P. TI Persistence of category A select agents in the environment SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUSES; PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PASTEURELLA-TULARENSIS; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; INHALATION ANTHRAX; ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; RELATIVE HUMIDITY C1 [Sinclair, Ryan; Gerba, Charles P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Boone, Stephanie A.] USDA ARS, So Res Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Greenberg, David; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Sinclair, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM ryans@email.arizona.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Sinclair, Ryan/E-8803-2012 OI Sinclair, Ryan/0000-0003-4360-2071 NR 93 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 555 EP 563 DI 10.1128/AEM.02167-07 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 260OG UT WOS:000253019000001 PM 18065629 ER PT J AU Broeckling, CD Broz, AK Bergelson, J Manter, DK Vivanco, JM AF Broeckling, Corey D. Broz, Amanda K. Bergelson, Joy Manter, Daniel K. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI Root exudates regulate soil fungal community composition and diversty SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NODULATION GENES; INVASIVE PLANTS; RHIZOSPHERE; RHIZOBIUM; IDENTIFICATION AB Plants are in constant contact with a community of soil biota that contains fungi ranging from pathogenic to symbiotic. A few studies have demonstrated a critical role of chemical communication in establishing highly specialized relationships, but the general role for root exudates in structuring the soil fungal community is poorly described. This study demonstrates that two model plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula) are able to maintain resident soil fungal populations but unable to maintain nonresident soil fungal populations. This is mediated largely through root exudates: the effects of adding in vitro-generated root exudates to the soil fungal community were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the results observed for plants grown in those same soils. This effect is observed for total fungal biomass, phylotype diversity, and overall community similarity to the starting community. Nonresident plants and root exudates influenced the fungal community by both positively and negatively impacting the relative abundance of individual phylotypes. A net increase in fungal biomass was observed when nonresident root exudates were added to resident plant treatments, suggesting that increases in specific carbon substrates and/or signaling compounds support an increased soil fungal population load. This study establishes root exudates as a mechanism through which a plant is able to regulate soil fungal community composition. C1 [Broeckling, Corey D.; Broz, Amanda K.; Manter, Daniel K.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Broeckling, Corey D.; Broz, Amanda K.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Broeckling, Corey D.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Program Cell & Mol Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bergelson, Joy] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Daniel.Manter@ars.usda.gov; j.vivanco@colostate.edu NR 37 TC 186 Z9 207 U1 8 U2 153 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 738 EP 744 DI 10.1128/AEM.02188-07 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 260OG UT WOS:000253019000023 PM 18083870 ER PT J AU Tamplin, ML Phillips, R Stewart, TA Luchansky, JB Kelley, LC AF Tamplin, Mark L. Phillips, Robert Stewart, Tod A. Luchansky, John B. Kelley, Lynda C. TI Behavior of Bacillus anthracis strains Sterne and Ames K0610 in sterile raw ground beef SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SPORES; FOOD; MODEL; MILK AB The behavior of Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores in sterile raw ground beef was measured at storage temperatures of 2 to 70 degrees C, encompassing both bacterial growth and death. B. anthracis Sterne was weakly inactivated (-0.003 to -0.014 log(10) CFU/h) at storage temperatures of 2 to 16 degrees C and at temperatures greater than and equal to 45 degrees C. Growth was observed from 17 to 44 degrees C. At these intermediate temperatures, B. anthracis Sterne displayed growth patterns with lag, growth, and stationary phases. The lag phase duration decreased with increasing temperature and ranged from approximately 3 to 53 h. The growth rate increased with increasing temperature from 0.011 to 0.496 log(10) CFU/h. Maximum population densities (MPDs) ranged from 5.9 to 7.9 log(10) CFU/g. In addition, the fate of B. anthracis Ames K0610 was measured at 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 70 degrees C to compare its behavior with that of Sterne. There were no significant differences between the Ames and Sterne strains for both growth rate and lag time. However, the Ames strain displayed an MPD that was 1.0 to 1.6 times higher than that of the Sterne strain at 30, 35, and 40 degrees C. Ames K0610 spores were rapidly inactivated at temperatures greater than or equal to 45 degrees C. The inability of B. anthracis to grow between 2 and 16 degrees C, a relatively low growth rate, and inactivation at elevated temperatures would likely reduce the risk for recommended ground-beef handling and preparation procedures. C1 [Tamplin, Mark L.] Univ Tasmania, Australian Food Safety Ctr Excellence, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Tamplin, Mark L.; Stewart, Tod A.; Luchansky, John B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Phillips, Robert] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Div Microbiol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kelley, Lynda C.] USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Food Def & Publ Hlth Response, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tamplin, ML (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Australian Food Safety Ctr Excellence, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM mark.tamplin@utas.edu.au NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1111 EP 1116 DI 10.1128/AEM.01292-07 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 263MP UT WOS:000253221500021 PM 18083866 ER PT J AU Uhlich, GA Sinclair, JR Warren, NG Chmielecki, WA Fratamico, P AF Uhlich, G. A. Sinclair, J. R. Warren, N. G. Chmielecki, W. A. Fratamico, P. TI Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates associated with two multistate food-borne outbreaks that occurred in 2006 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID TOLERANCE; MULTIPLEX PCR; STRAINS; O157-H7; RESISTANCE; GENE; EXPRESSION; BIOFILMS; INDUSTRY; SHEEP AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from two 2006 outbreaks were compared to other O157:H7 isolates for virulence genotype, biofilm formation, and stress responses. Spinach- and lettuce-related-outbreak strains had similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, and all carried both stx(2) and stx(2c). variant genes. Cooperative biofilm formation involving an E. coli O157:H7 strain and a non-O157:H7 strain was also demonstrated. C1 [Uhlich, G. A.; Fratamico, P.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Chmielecki, W. A.] Penn Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Lionville, PA USA. RP Uhlich, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gaylen.uhlich@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1268 EP 1272 DI 10.1128/AEM.01618-07 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 263MP UT WOS:000253221500041 PM 18083883 ER PT J AU Renken, WJ Howery, LD Ruyle, GB Enns, RM AF Renken, Wilma J. Howery, Larry D. Ruyle, George B. Enns, R. Mark TI Cattle generalise visual cues from the pen to the field to select initial feeding patches SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; generalisation; visual cues; patch selection; foraging behaviour; rangelands ID DEHYDRATED MOLASSES SUPPLEMENT; GRAZING DISTRIBUTION; FLAVOR; LAMBS; FOODS; SHEEP AB Free-grazing ruminants forage in environments containing multiple levels of complexity; the forage selection process operates at the landscape scale, when selecting feeding sites, and at the plant part level when selecting actual bites. Pen trials have shown that livestock associate visual cues with feeding sites, however, no field study has shown that animals generalise from training with visual cues in pens in order to choose feeding sites in the field. Our study tested nine beef heifers' ability to generalise a learned visual cue association to select feeding sites in a rangeland setting offering a novel forage, Lehmann lovegrass (LL). Initially, animals were trained to associate high quality feed with a visual cue during pen trials. We then tested animal response to the cue before and after they gained 14-day grazing experience with LL. Two identical field experiments (i.e., novel, before animals had experienced foraging LL versus familiar, after the animals had 14-day grazing experience with LL) were conducted over 3-day periods. Each experiment consisted of 27, 10-min trials. Animals were tested in plots containing high quality (HQ) and low quality (LQ) LL patches. For each trial, one of three randomly selected scenarios was presented: (1) the visual cue was placed in the HQ patch, (2) the visual cue was placed in the LQ patch, or (3) no visual cue was placed in either patch. Dependent variables were first patch-type chosen, bite rate in each patch, and number of observations of grazing in each patch. Cue presence influenced initial patch choice, bite rate, and grazing tallies within patch type. Heifers took 212 more HQ bites than LQ bites when the cue was placed in the HQ patch (P < 0.04), but took only 45 more HQ bites than LQ bites when the cue was placed in the LQ patch (P < 0.02). Heifers took 135 more bites from the HQ patch than the LQ patch when no cue was present (P < 0.02). Heifers clearly preferred HQ patches over LQ patches regardless of cue presence or absence, but grazed more in HQ and LQ patches when the cue was placed in those patches. The number of grazing tallies was directly related to bite rate within a patch. Animals grazed more in HQ than LQ patches when no cue was present. Visual cue placement altered this pattern; animals increased grazing in cued patches regardless of quality. Grazing experience did not influence observed grazing behaviour or the influence of the visual cue. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Renken, Wilma J.; Howery, Larry D.; Ruyle, George B.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Enns, R. Mark] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Renken, WJ (reprint author), USDA NRCS Willcox Field Off, 656 N Bisbee Ave, Willcox, AZ 85643 USA. EM wilma.renken@az.usda.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 109 IS 2-4 BP 128 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2007.03.014 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 257XY UT WOS:000252833900002 ER PT J AU Myung, K Manthey, JA Narciso, JA AF Myung, Kyung Manthey, John A. Narciso, Jan A. TI Aspergillus niger metabolism of citrus furanocoumarin inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 3A4 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus niger; furanocoumarins; 6', 7'-epoxybergamottin; 6', 7'-dihydroxybergamottin; bergamottin; bergaptol; xanthotoxol; bergaptol-5-sulfate; xanthotoxol-8-sulfate ID GRAPEFRUIT PEEL OIL; EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; PURIFICATION; FLAVONOIDS; COUMARINS AB Fungi metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a number of detoxification processes, including the formation of sulfated and glycosidated conjugates. A class of aromatic compounds in grapefruit is the furanocoumarins (FCs), and their metabolism in humans is centrally involved in the "grapefruit/drug interactions." Thus far, the metabolism by fungi of the major FCs in grapefruit, including 6', 7'-epoxybergamottin (EB), 6', 7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), and bergamottin (BM), has received little attention. In this study, Aspergillus niger was observed to convert EB into DHB and a novel water-soluble metabolite (WSM). Bergaptol (BT) and BM were also metabolized by A. niger to the WSM, which was identified as BT-5-sulfate using mass spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, chemical hydrolysis, and H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Similarly, the fungus had a capability of metabolizing xanthotoxol (XT), a structural isomer of BT, to a sulfated analog of BT-5-sulfate, presumably XT-8-sulfate. A possible enzyme-catalyzed pathway for the grapefruit FC metabolism involving the cleavage of the geranyl group and the addition of a sulfate group is proposed. C1 [Myung, Kyung; Manthey, John A.; Narciso, Jan A.] USDA, ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Myung, K (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM Kyung.Myung@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-1314-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 254UT UT WOS:000252614200017 PM 18183388 ER PT J AU Rawles, SD Smith, SB Gatlin, DM AF Rawles, S. D. Smith, S. B. Gatlin, D. M., III TI Hepatic glucose utilization and lipogenesis of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) in response to dietary carbohydrate level and complexity SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE glucose utilization; hybrid striped bass; lipogenesis; MORONE ID JUVENILE SUNSHINE BASS; BOVINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BODY-COMPOSITION; GLYCEMIC RESPONSE; FATTY-ACIDS; GROWTH; LIVER; GLYCOLYSIS; HEPATOCYTES; ENZYMES AB The influence of carbohydrate level and complexity on in vitro hepatic glucose utilization and lipogenesis were determined in hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops female x Morone saxatilis male. Six isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets containing glucose, maltose, or dextrin at two different levels (200 or 400 g kg(-1) diet) were fed to adult fish for 15 weeks. Liver explants were obtained at near-maximum postprandial glycaemic response and incubated with radioactive labelled substrates. Glycogen synthesis from [C-14]glucose was not different among treatments and was less than (CO2)-C-14 formation. (CO2)-C-14 production increased as a function of carbohydrate level but was unrelated to carbohydrate complexity. There was no detectable conversion of [C-14]glucose to lactate for any treatment. Rates of de novo lipogenesis from [1-C-14]acetate were high in comparison to [U-C-14]glucose or [9,10-H-3]palmitate incorporation into liver lipids and differed in response to carbohydrate level and complexity. [9,10-H-3]palmitate esterification was an order of magnitude less than glycogen and CO2 production but 4-10 times greater than [C-14]glucose incorporation into liver lipids. Palmitate incorporation did not differ among treatments. Incorporation of [C-14]glucose into liver lipids was higher in fish fed diets containing 400 g kg(-1) carbohydrate. These data support the idea that glucose is not a major oxidative substrate in hybrid striped bass and indicate that the level of soluble carbohydrate should be limited to 200 g kg(-1) diet or less for hybrid striped bass. C1 [Rawles, S. D.] USDA ARS, HKDSNARC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Smith, S. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gatlin, D. M., III] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, HKDSNARC, POB 1050,2955 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM srawles@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Smith, Stephen/H-7046-2014 OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0002-2779-8281 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00503.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 249CT UT WOS:000252205200005 ER PT J AU Ahmad, R Liow, PS Spencer, DF Jasieniuk, M AF Ahmad, Riaz Liow, Pui-Sze Spencer, David F. Jasieniuk, Marie TI Molecular evidence for a single genetic clone of invasive Arundo donax in the United States SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE giant reed; invasive species; clonal species; riparian habitat; genetic diversity; SRAP marker; TE-based marker ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DNA; DIVERSITY; MARKERS; POPULATIONS; TRANSPOSON; SRAP; RETROTRANSPOSONS; REVEAL AB Arundo donax (giant reed) is an aggressive invasive weed of riparian habitats throughout the southern half of the United States from California to Maryland. Native to Asia, the species is believed to have been initially introduced into North America from the Mediterranean region although subsequent introductions were from multiple regions. To provide insight into the potential for biological control of A. donax, genetic variation in plants sampled from a wide geographical area in the United States was analyzed using Sequence Related Amplification Polymorphism (SRAP) and transposable element (TE)-based molecular markers. Invasive individuals from 15 states as well as four populations in southern France were genetically fingerprinted using 10 SRAP and 12 TE-based primer combinations. With the exception of simple mutations detected in four plants, A. donax exhibited a single multilocus DNA fingerprint indicating a single genetic clone. The genetic uniformity of invasive A. donax suggests that classical biological control of the species could be successful. A lack of genetic diversity in the invaded range simplifies identification of native source populations to search for natural enemies that could be used as biocontrol agents. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ahmad, Riaz; Jasieniuk, Marie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liow, Pui-Sze; Spencer, David F.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jasieniuk, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 4, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjasien@ucdavis.edu NR 47 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.08.015 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 260PH UT WOS:000253021700004 ER PT J AU Snelling, WJ Stern, NJ Lowery, CJ Moore, JE Gibbons, E Baker, C Dooley, JSG AF Snelling, William J. Stern, Norman J. Lowery, Colm J. Moore, John E. Gibbons, Emma Baker, Ciara Dooley, James S. G. TI Colonization of broilers by Campylobacter jejuni internalized within Acanthamoeba castellanii SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; broilers; drinking water; protozoa; epidemiology ID PROTOZOA; SURVIVAL; CHICKENS; CHLORINATION; RESERVOIR; GROWTH; SPP. AB Although Campylobacter survives within amoeba in-vitro, it is unknown if intra-amoeba Campylobacter jejuni can colonize broilers. Five groups of 28 day-of-hatch chicks were placed into separate isolators. Groups (1) and (2) were challenged with page's amoeba saline (PAS), and disinfected planktonic C. jejuni NCTC 11168, respectively. Groups (3), (4) and (5) were challenged with a C. jejuni positive control, C. jejuni in PAS, and intra-amoeba C. jejuni, respectively. After 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post challenge, seven birds from each unit were examined for C. jejuni colonization. For the first time we report that intra-amoeba C. jejuni colonized broilers. C1 [Snelling, William J.; Lowery, Colm J.; Gibbons, Emma; Baker, Ciara; Dooley, James S. G.] Univ Ulster, Sch Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Stern, Norman J.] USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Moore, John E.] Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Snelling, WJ (reprint author), Univ Ulster, Sch Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. EM b.snelling@ulster.ac.uk OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 189 IS 2 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s00203-007-0303-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 249TG UT WOS:000252252100010 PM 17882400 ER PT J AU de Vos, NJ Singh, NA Ross, DA Stavrinos, TM Orr, R Singh, MAF AF de Vos, Nathan J. Singh, Nalin A. Ross, Dale A. Stavrinos, Theodora M. Orr, Rhonda Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Continuous hemodynamic response to maximal dynamic strength testing in older adults SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Gerontological-Society-of-America CY NOV 18-22, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Gerontol Soc Amer DE aged; cardiovascular physiology; exercise test; rehabilitation; weight lifting ID BLOOD-PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HEALTHY-ADULTS; FINAPRES; FINGER; SAFETY; MALES AB Objective: To quantity acute changes in blood pressure and heart rate during a maximal dynamic strength-single-repetition maximum lift (1-RM)-testing session in older adults with a low burden of chronic disease. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: University rehabilitation center. Participants: Volunteer sample of 43 community-dwelling, nonresistance-trained older adults aged 60 years and older (mean, 68 +/- 6y). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate was obtained by plethysmography at rest and during 1-RM strength testing on leg press, knee extension, and knee flexion resistance machines. Results: Average resting SBP (132 +/- 28mmHg), DBP (54 +/- 15mmHg), and heart rate (65 11 beats/min) were independent of hypertensive diagnosis and overweight status. Maximal SBP, DBP, and heart rate increased significantly during the 1-RM in all exercises compared with rest (P<.001). Highest values of SBP (236 +/- 51mmHg) and DBP (140 +/- 46mmHg) were measured during the leg, press at 99.5%+/- 6.7% of 1-RM. Lowest values of SBP (79 +/- 25mmHg) and DBP (38 +/- 15 mmHg), and the highest (123 +/- 44 beats/min) and lowest heart rate (41 23 beats/min) were measured during the knee extension at 97.4%+/- 8.1% of 1-RM. Absolute falls in SBP were greatest in treated hypertensive participants. No cardiovascular symptoms or events Occurred in 129 1-RM tests. Conclusions: Large, very transient, asymptomatic excursions in blood pressure and heart rate were measured during 1-RM testing. The most robust hemodynamic response occured during the leg press. Thus the leg press may be the most important exercise to focus hemodynamic monitoring efforts upon during strength testing in clinical cohorts. C1 [de Vos, Nathan J.; Orr, Rhonda; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. [Singh, Nalin A.; Ross, Dale A.; Stavrinos, Theodora M.] Balmain Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Singh, Nalin A.] Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Hebrew Senoir Life, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP de Vos, NJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Discipline Exercise Hlth & Performance, E St,POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM devos@optusnet.com.au RI Orr, Rhonda/C-1817-2008 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 2 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.130 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 260OD UT WOS:000253018700021 PM 18226661 ER PT J AU Kraus, J Tzanetakis, IE Putnam, ML Martin, RR AF Kraus, J. Tzanetakis, I. E. Putnam, M. L. Martin, R. R. TI Complete nucleotide sequence of an isolate of coleus vein necrosis virus from verbena SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE GENE BLOCK; FAMILY FLEXIVIRIDAE; RNA VIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; PROTEINS; DISEASE C1 [Kraus, J.; Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kraus, J.; Tzanetakis, I. E.; Putnam, M. L.; Martin, R. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 153 IS 2 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1068-0 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 259DE UT WOS:000252918500018 PM 18094923 ER PT J AU Li, W Adkins, S Hilf, ME AF Li, W. Adkins, S. Hilf, M. E. TI Characterization of complete sequences of RNA 1 and RNA 2 of citrus variegation virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF-RUGOSE; PURIFICATION; ILARVIRUSES; GENOME; GENE C1 [Adkins, S.; Hilf, M. E.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Li, W.] Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM scott.adkins@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 153 IS 2 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1090-2 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 259DE UT WOS:000252918500019 PM 18074099 ER PT J AU Robins, SJ Collins, D McNamara, JR Bloomfield, HE AF Robins, Sander J. Collins, Dorothea McNamara, Judith R. Bloomfield, Hanna E. TI Body weight, plasma insulin, and coronary events with gemfibrozil in the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial (VA-HIT) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE gemfibrozil; fibrates; weight; insulin; CHD; clinical trials ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; LIPID-METABOLISM; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; ARTERY-DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; FENOFIBRATE; RESISTANCE AB Background: The Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial (VA-HIT) showed that gemfibrozil significantly reduced major coronary events in men with known coronary heart disease (CHD). To better understand why therapy was especially effective with obesity, diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia, changes in body weight and plasma insulin were determined after I year of gemfibrozil or placebo therapy and related to changes in lipids and CHD events. Results: With gemfibrozil significantly more subjects lost weight (51.7% versus 38.6%, P < 0.0001) and significantly fewer subjects gained weight (42.5% versus 54.0%, P < 0.0001) than with placebo. Both a greater loss and smaller gain in weight with gemfibrozil were age-related and significant in subjects >= 66 years (median age), but not in younger subjects. Weight change was paralleled by changes in insulin. With gemfibrozil, CHD events were significantly reduced with weight loss (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44 - 0.84; P=0.002) and, particularly, with diabetes or hyperinsulinemia (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34 - 0.83; P=0.006). In contrast, CHD events were not significantly reduced without weight loss (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.62 - 1.12; P=0.22). Conclusions: In VA-HIT, gemfibrozil resulted in weight loss associated with reductions in insulin. With weight loss gemfibrozil produced a significant reduction in CHD events that did not occur in the absence of weight loss. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Robins, Sander J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Collins, Dorothea] Vet Affairs Cooperat Studies Program Coodinating, West Haven, CT USA. [McNamara, Judith R.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ct, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bloomfield, Hanna E.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Chron Dis Outcomes Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Robins, SJ (reprint author), Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM sjrobins@bu.edu OI bloomfield, hanna/0000-0002-0756-7064 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R03 HL069111.] NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 849 EP 855 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.01.029 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 270TT UT WOS:000253743800046 PM 17335828 ER PT J AU Itaya, A Bundschuh, R Archual, AJ Joung, JG Fei, ZJ Dai, XB Zhao, PX Tang, YH Nelson, RS Ding, BA AF Itaya, Asuka Bundschuh, Ralf Archual, Anthony J. Joung, Je-Gun Fei, Zhangjun Dai, Xinbin Zhao, Patrick X. Tang, Yuhong Nelson, Richard S. Ding, Biao TI Small RNAs in tomato fruit and leaf development SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS LA English DT Article DE tomato; small RNA; miRNA; siRNA; fruit development; leaf development ID SHORT-INTERFERING RNAS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT MICRORNA; IDENTIFICATION; BIOGENESIS; GENOMICS; TARGETS; TOOLS; MIRNA; LYCOPERSICON AB Tomato fruit and leaf development offers excellent systems to study the evolution of gene regulation underlying development of different organs. We have identified over 350 and 700 small RNAs from tomato fruit and leaf, respectively. Except for conserved microRNAs, more than 90% of the small RNAs are unique to tomato. We confirmed expression of some conserved as well as novel putative microRNAs by Northern hybridization. Our results help form a basis for comparative studies on how small RNA-mediated gene expression has contributed to the evolution of common and distinct developmental pathways of fruits and leaves. We have established a website (http://ted.bti.cornwell.edu/digital/sRNA/) for public access to all of our small RNA sequences, their expression patterns in respective tissues, and their matching genes or predicted target genes in a searchable manner. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Itaya, Asuka; Archual, Anthony J.; Ding, Biao] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Dept Plant Cellular & Mol Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Itaya, Asuka; Archual, Anthony J.; Ding, Biao] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bundschuh, Ralf] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bundschuh, Ralf; Ding, Biao] Ohio State Univ, RNA Grp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bundschuh, Ralf] Ohio State Univ, Interdisciplinary Biophys Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Joung, Je-Gun; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dai, Xinbin; Zhao, Patrick X.; Tang, Yuhong; Nelson, Richard S.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Ding, Biao] Ohio State Univ, Mol Cellular & Dev Biol Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ding, BA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Dept Plant Cellular & Mol Biol, 207 Rightmire Hall,1060 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ding.35@osu.edu RI Bundschuh, Ralf/B-9623-2008; Zhao, Patrick/C-5911-2009 OI Bundschuh, Ralf/0000-0002-6699-8614; NR 36 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-9399 J9 BBA-GENE REGUL MECH JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Regul. Mech. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1779 IS 2 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2007.09.003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 287RP UT WOS:000254934500003 PM 18078843 ER PT J AU Deberdt, P Mfegue, CV Tondje, PR Bon, MC Ducamp, M Hurard, C Begoude, BAD Ndoumbe-Nkeng, M Hebbar, PK Cilas, C AF Deberdt, P. Mfegue, C. V. Tondje, P. R. Bon, M. C. Ducamp, M. Hurard, C. Begoude, B. A. D. Ndoumbe-Nkeng, M. Hebbar, P. K. Cilas, C. TI Impact of environmental factors, chemical fungicide and biological control on cacao pod production dynamics and black pod disease (Phytophthora megakarya) in Cameroon SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE black pod disease; cocoa; theobroma cacao; epidemiology; fungicide; Phytophthora megakaryal; microbial control; Trichoderma asperellum; monitoring ID COCOA; TRICHODERMA; MYCOPARASITE; BIOCONTROL; PATHOGEN AB The impact of environmental factors and microbial and chemical control methods on cacao pod production dynamics and spread of black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya was assessed over three consecutive years in a smallholder's plantation. Significant positive correlations were found between rainfall records and pod rot incidence when assessed after a 1-week lag. Disease distribution across various pod developmental stages showed that immature pods were the most susceptible to P. megakarya attack. Weekly observations of the pod distribution and disease progression at various developmental stages on cacao trees sprayed with fungicide Ridomil, Trichoderma asperellum biocontrol agent (strain PR 11), or untreated control trees indicated that the total pod production and the incidence of black pod rot was significantly different between the treatments. The disease rates were 1.73%, 47.1% and 71.23% in the plots treated with fungicide, PR I I and untreated, respectively, in 2004, and 0.67%, 11.35% and 34.04% in the same plots in 2005. A significant carry over effect of the biological agent was noticed up to 1 year after the sprays with strain PR11 were halted. The disease incidence averaged 16.67% in the plots previously sprayed with PR11 and 35.88% in the control plot, although both the plots were sprayed with the same contact fungicide, Kocide. Monitoring through enumeration and molecular typing revealed that Trichoderma propagules remained consistently more abundant in flower cushions of cacao trees than in soil or bark. This study showed that microbial control of black pod disease with PR I I was promising but not as effective as the chemical methods under the current high disease pressure, and therefore needs to be integrated with other control methods to establish a sustainable management system for black pod disease in Cameroon. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Deberdt, P.] UPR Bioagresseurs Perennes, CIRAD, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Deberdt, P.; Cilas, C.] UPR Bioagresseurs Perennes, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Mfegue, C. V.; Tondje, P. R.; Begoude, B. A. D.; Ndoumbe-Nkeng, M.] Reg Biol Control & Appl Microbiol Lab, IRAD, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Bon, M. C.; Hurard, C.] USDA ARS, EBCL, F-34980 Montferrier Le Lez, France. [Ducamp, M.] TAA 54K, UMR BGPI, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Hebbar, P. K.] USDA ARS, MARS Inc, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Deberdt, P (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Cocoa Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. EM peninna.deberdt@cirad.fr RI cilas, christian/C-3450-2008 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.10.026 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000252978900003 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Mizell, RF Cottrell, TE Horton, DL AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Mizell, Russell F., III Cottrell, Ted E. Horton, Dan L. TI Control of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, with entomopathogenic nematodes: Effects of application timing, alternate host plant, and nematode strain SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; Conotrachelus nenuphar; entomopathogenic nematode; peach; plum; Steinernema ID STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS; CARYAE COLEOPTERA; PECAN WEEVIL; EFFICACY; FELTIAE; LARVAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DETERIORATION AB In prior research, we established that soil applications of Steinernema riobrave in peach orchards that target plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, larvae can result in high levels of control (78-100%). In this study, we investigated the potential of using entomopathogenic nematodes to control C nenuphar further by evaluating (1) field efficacy of late-term nematode applications, i.e., that target C nenuphar after the onset of adult emergence, (2) control C nenuphar larvae in an alternate host, i.e., wild plum, Prunus angustifolia, and (3) laboratory virulence of different Steinernema carpocapsae and S. riobrave strains. In 2004 and 2005, late-term applications of S. carpocapsae (All strain) and S. riobrave (355 strain) in a peach orchard in Quincy, Florida failed to cause any measurable control. In field tests targeting C nenuphar larvae in a wild plum thicket (Byron, Georgia), S. riobrave (355 strain) caused 100% control (both years), and S. riobrave (3-8b strain) caused 98.6% and 87.9% control in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Applications in alternate hosts could reduce C nenuphar immigration into the orchard. Laboratory experiments detected differential virulence to C nenuphar larvae in S. carpocapsae (All strain) and six strains of S. riobrave; among the most virulent were the 3-2, 3-3, and 355 strains of S. riobrave. Pathogenicity to adult C nenuphar in the laboratory was not detected in five S. riobrave strains, but was detected in four S. carpocapsae strains (All, Agriotos, Italian and Sal) but not in two others (Kapow and Mexican). We conclude that soil applications with entomopathogenic nematodes can cause high levels of C nenuphar control in peach or alternate hosts, but timing of application and the choice of nematode species or strain can be important. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Cottrell, Ted E.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Mizell, Russell F., III] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Quincy, FL USA. [Horton, Dan L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.07.011 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000252978900009 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Pratt, PD Center, TD Rayamajhi, MB AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissa R. Pratt, Paul D. Center, Ted D. Rayamajhi, Min B. TI Suppression of growth and reproduction of an exotic invasive tree by two introduced insects SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Boreioglycaspis melaleucae; classical biological control; plant compensation; herbivory ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; BOREIOGLYCASPIS-MELALEUCAE HEMIPTERA; QUINQUENERVIA CAV. BLAKE,S.T.; SOUTH FLORIDA; FIELD COLONIZATION; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; HOST-RANGE; PLANT; HERBIVORY AB The invasive tree Melaleuea quinquenervia experienced substantial declines in growth and reproduction in response primarily to chronic herbivory by the defoliating weevil Oxyops vitiosa. Herbivory was mediated on individual trees using regular applications of the insecticide acephate during a 2-year period to minimize populations of O. vitiosa and later the phloem-feeding psyllid, Boreioglycaspis melaleucae. Half of the trees also received drip irrigation to evaluate the influence of water on plant responses to herbivory. Insecticide-protected trees grew in height nearly six times faster and became 108% taller. In contrast, unprotected trees produced only 19% as much woody biomass, 13% as much leaf biomass, and 0.9% as much seed as protected trees. The mean ( SE) of total above ground biomass was 873.1 +/- 191.4 g in unsprayed trees and 3856.2 +/- 491.5 g in sprayed trees. Unprotected trees produced more stem tips per unit of height, resulting in a more bushy structure. Greater amounts of water increased leaf biomass, but all other plant variables were influenced most by herbivory. The seed-fueled invasive capacity of melaleuca will probably be reduced in areas favorable to the biological control agents, especially O. vitiosa. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Pratt, Paul D.; Center, Ted D.; Rayamajhi, Min B.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Martin, Melissa R.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. EM ptipping@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.011 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 259ZH UT WOS:000252978900012 ER PT J AU Turner, KK Nielsen, BD O'Connor-Robison, CI Nielsen, FH Orth, MW AF Turner, K. K. Nielsen, B. D. O'Connor-Robison, C. I. Nielsen, F. H. Orth, M. W. TI Tissue response to a supplement high in aluminum and silicon SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sodium zeolite A; silicon; aluminum; mineral; calf; tissue response; metabolism ID SODIUM ZEOLITE-A; DIETARY ALUMINUM; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; PLASMA SILICON; DAIRY-COWS; DRY PERIOD; PHOSPHORUS; PERFORMANCE; HORSES AB The objective was to determine the effects of sodium zeolite A (SZA) on mineral metabolism and tissue mineral composition in calves. Twenty calves were placed on study at 3 days of age and were placed into one of two groups: SS, which received 0.05% BW SZA added to their milk replacer, and CO, which received only milk replacer. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 30, and 60 for mineral analysis. Urine and feces were collected on day 30 for mineral metabolism, and on day 60, the calves were euthanized, and samples were taken from numerous organs for mineral analyses. Aluminum retention was increased in the SS calves (p = 0.001). Silicon concentrations were increased in the aorta, spleen, lung, muscle, and kidney of the SS calves, and aluminum was increased in all SS tissues (p < 0.05). Calcium concentrations were increased in aorta, liver, muscle, and tendon; phosphorus concentrations were increased in aorta, but decreased in plasma; magnesium concentrations were increased in aorta, heart, kidney, liver, and pancreas, but decreased in plasma; and iron concentrations were decreased in kidney and liver (p < 0.05). The accumulation of tissue aluminum and therefore potential adverse consequences may preclude any benefits of using SZA as a dietary supplement. C1 [Turner, K. K.] Univ Georgia, Anim & Dairy Sci Dept, EL Rhodes Ctr, Athens 30602, Greece. [Turner, K. K.; Nielsen, B. D.; O'Connor-Robison, C. I.; Orth, M. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nielsen, B. D.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Turner, KK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Anim & Dairy Sci Dept, EL Rhodes Ctr, Athens 30602, Greece. EM kturner@uga.edu NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 134 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s12011-007-8039-x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 254UY UT WOS:000252614700004 PM 17955202 ER PT J AU Turner, KK Nielsen, BD O'Connor-Robison, CI Rosenstein, DS Marks, BP Nielsen, FH Orth, MW AF Turner, K. K. Nielsen, B. D. O'Connor-Robison, C. I. Rosenstein, D. S. Marks, B. P. Nielsen, F. H. Orth, M. W. TI Sodium zeolite A supplementation and its impact on the skeleton of dairy calves SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sodium zeolite A; skeleton; silicon; aluminum; bone; mineral; calf ID SILICON CONCENTRATIONS; ALUMINUM TOXICITY; ESSENTIAL ELEMENT; BONE; REQUIREMENT; CARTILAGE; PLASMA; HORSES; TISSUE; PHOSPHORUS AB Twenty calves were placed on study at 3 days of age and were placed according to birth order into one of two groups: SS, which received 0.05% BW sodium zeolite A (SZA) added to their milk replacer, and CO, which received only milk replacer. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 30, and 60 for osteocalcin (OC) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) analysis. On day 60, the calves were euthanized, and synovial fluid, articular cartilage, and both fused metacarpals were collected for bone quality analyses such as architecture and mechanical properties, mineral composition, and glycosaminoglycan concentration. There were no differences in OC concentrations because of treatment (p = 0.12), and CO calves had lower DPD concentrations than SS calves (p = 0.01), but the OC-to-DPD ratio was not different between treatments (p = 0.98). No differences in bone architecture or mechanical properties were detected. SZA supplementation increased cortical bone (p = 0.0002) and articular cartilage (p = 0.05) aluminum content. Glycosaminoglycan concentrations were not different in synovial fluid or cartilage. Supplementation of SZA appeared to alter the rate of bone turnover without altering bone strength. Aluminum concentrations in the bone and cartilage increased, which may be a concern, although the long-term consequences of such remain to be determined. C1 [Turner, K. K.] Univ Georgia, Anim & Dairy Sci Dept, EL Rhodes Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rosenstein, D. S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Marks, B. P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nielsen, B. D.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Turner, K. K.; Nielsen, B. D.; O'Connor-Robison, C. I.; Orth, M. W.] Univ Georgia, Anim & Dairy Sci Dept, EL Rhodes Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Turner, KK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Anim & Dairy Sci Dept, EL Rhodes Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kturner@uga.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s12011-007-8040-4 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 254UY UT WOS:000252614700005 PM 17992476 ER PT J AU Catallo, WJ Shupe, TF Eberhardt, TL AF Catallo, W. James Shupe, Todd F. Eberhardt, Thomas L. TI Hydrothermal processing of biomass from invasive aquatic plants SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic weeds; biomass; Eichhornia sp.; hydrothermal reaction systems; Lemna sp.; Hydrilla sp. ID LIGNIN AB The purpose of this study was to examine the hydrothermal (HT) treatment of three invasive aquatic plants (i.e., Lemna sp., Hydrilla sp., and Eichhornia sp.) with respect to the generation of semi-volatile hydrocarbon product mixtures and biomass volume reduction. Identical HT treatments yielded similar semi-volatile product mixtures for Hydrilla sp. and Eichhornia sp. versus a significantly different mixture for Lemna sp. Pre-treatment (i.e., control) extracts of the plant substrates showed no semi-volatile hydrocarbons. Post-HT treatment product mixtures were comprised of complex mixtures of compounds including branched and unbranched alkanes and alkenes as well as light aromatics including substituted benzenes and phenols. All three plant HT product mixtures were dominated by phenol, C, alkyl phenols, and oxygenated cycloalkenes. Lemna sp. products showed much more diverse distributions of C-2-C-5 alkyl benzenes, alkyl indanes, and alkyl naphthalenes at higher relative levels. Other products from the Lemna sp. HT treatment included C-2-C-4 phenols, and alkyl indole and indanol compounds. Results of wet chemical analyses showed that a major difference between Lemna sp. and the other two plants was significantly higher extractives levels in the former. It was found that this fraction accounted for much of the complexity in HT product mixture of the Lemna sp. biomass. For all HT treatments the substrate mass was reduced by 95% or more. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Catallo, W. James] Louisiana State Univ, Lab Ecol Chem, Comparat Biomed Sci Dept, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Eberhardt, Thomas L.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tshupe@agctr.lsu.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.07.009 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 275YI UT WOS:000254107800006 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Sahaa, BC Hector, RE Hughes, SR Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, Nasib Sahaa, Badal C. Hector, Ronald E. Hughes, Stephen R. Cotta, Michael A. TI Butanol production from wheat straw by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii: Part I - Batch fermentation SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE butanol; acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE); wheat straw; Clostridium beijerinckii P260; saccharification; fermentation ID ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; ABE FERMENTATION; ACETOBUTYLICUM; ACETONE; RECOVERY; ETHANOL; PERVAPORATION; BIOCONVERSION; MEMBRANE; TECHNOLOGIES AB Five different processes were investigated to produce acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) from wheat straw WS) by Clostridium beijerinckii P260. The five processes were fermentation of pretreated WS (Process I), separate hydrolysis and fermentation of WS to ABE without removing sediments (Process II), simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of WS without agitation (Process III), simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation with additional sugar supplementation (Process M, and simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation with agitation by gas stripping (Process V). During the five processes, 9.36, 13.12, 11.93, 17.92, and 21.42 g L-1 ABE was produced, respectively. Processes I-V resulted in productivities of 0.19, 0.14, 0.27, 0.19, and 0.31 g L-1 h(-1), respectively. it should be noted that Process V resulted in the highest productivity (0.31 g L-1 h(-1)). In the control experiment (using glucose), an ABE productivity of 0.30 g L-1 h(-1) was achieved. These results suggest that simultaneous hydrolysis of WS to sugars and. fermentation to butanol/ABE is an attractive option as compared with more expensive glucose to ABE fermentation. Further development of enzymes for WS hydrolysis with optimum characteristics similar to fermentation would make conversion of WS to butanol/ABE even more attractive. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Qureshi, Nasib; Sahaa, Badal C.; Hector, Ronald E.; Cotta, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hughes, Stephen R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 30 TC 115 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.07.004 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 275YI UT WOS:000254107800010 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, Nasib Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Butanol production from wheat straw by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii: Part II - Fed-batch fermentation SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE wheat straw; butanol or acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation; hydrolysis; productivity; yield; Clostridium beijerinckii P260 ID SOLVENT PRODUCTION; ACETOBUTYLICUM; ETHANOL; BA101; SUBSTRATE; HEMICELLULOSE; PRETREATMENT; INHIBITION; HYDROLYSIS; BIOREACTOR AB In these studies, Clostridium beijerinckii P260 was used to produce butanol (acetone-butanol-ethanol, or ABE) from wheat straw (WS) hydrolysate in a fed-batch reactor. It has been demonstrated that simultaneous hydrolysis of WS to achieve 100% hydrolysis to simple sugars (to the extent achievable under present conditions) and fermentation to butanol is possible. In addition to WS, the reactor was fed with a sugar solution containing glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose. The culture utilized all of the above sugars. It was noticed that near the end of fermentation (286-533h), the culture had difficulties utilizing xylose. As, a result of supplemental sugar feed to the reactor, ABE productivity was improved by 16% as compared with previous studies. In our previous experiment on simultaneous saccharification of WS and fermentation to butanol, a productivity of 0.31 g L-1 h(-1) was observed, while in the present studies a productivity of 0.36 g L-1 h(-1) was observed. It should be noted that a productivity of 0.77g L-1 h(-1) was observed when the culture was highly active. The fed-batch fermentation was operated for 533 h. It should be noted that C. beijerinckii P260 can be used to produce butanol from WS in integrated fermentations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Qureshi, Nasib; Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 29 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.07.005 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 275YI UT WOS:000254107800011 ER PT J AU Crawford, JM Vagstad, AL Ehrlich, KC Townsend, CA AF Crawford, Jason M. Vagstad, Anna L. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Townsend, Craig A. TI Starter unit specificity directs genome mining of polyketide synthase pathways in fungi SO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; polyketides; fungal metabolites; starter unit : acyl-carrier protein transacylase; aflatoxin ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; COCCIDIOIDES-POSADASII; GENES; ASPERGILLUS; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSACYLASE; PREDICTION; PROTEINS AB Search of the protein database with the aflatoxin pathway polyketide synthase (PKS) revealed putative PKSs in the pathogenic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii that could require partnerships with a pair of fatty acid synthase (FAS) subunits for the biosynthesis of fatty acid-polyketide hybrid metabolites. A starter unit: acyl-carrier protein transacylase (SAT) domain was discovered in the nonreducing PKS. This domain is thought to accept the fatty acid product from the FAS to initiate polyketide synthesis. We expressed the C immitis SAT domain in Escherichia coli and showed that this domain, unlike that from the aflatoxin pathway PKS, transferred octanoyl-CoA four times faster than hexanoyl-CoA. The SAT domain also formed a covalent octanoyl intermediate and transferred this group to a free-standing ACP domain. Our results suggest that C immitis/posadasii, both human fungal pathogens, contain a FAS/PKS cluster with functional similarity to the aflatoxin cluster found in Aspergillus species. Dissection of the PKS and determination of in vitro SAT domain specificity provides a tool to uncover the growing number of similar sequenced pathways in fungi, and to guide elucidation of the fatty acid-polyketide hybrid metabolites that they produce. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Crawford, Jason M.; Vagstad, Anna L.; Townsend, Craig A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Townsend, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ctownsend@jhu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 001670, R01 ES001670]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM080189] NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0045-2068 J9 BIOORG CHEM JI Bioorganic Chem. PD FEB-JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1-3 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2007.11.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 320IC UT WOS:000257225900003 PM 18215412 ER PT J AU Landers, KL Moore, RW Dunkley, CS Herrera, P Kim, WK Landers, DA Howard, ZR McReynolds, JL Bryd, JA Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Landers, K. L. Moore, R. W. Dunkley, C. S. Herrera, P. Kim, W. K. Landers, D. A. Howard, Z. R. McReynolds, J. L. Bryd, J. A. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Immunological cell and serum metabolite response of 60-week-old commercial laying hens to an alfalfa meal molt diet SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; molt; serum chemistry; immunological cell; laying hens ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; POSTMOLT EGG-PRODUCTION; FORCED MOLT; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; ZINC PROPIONATE; FEED WITHDRAWAL; CAGED LAYERS; INDUCTION; QUALITY AB The practice of induced molting involves the restriction of light, feed removal and optionally water for 5-14 days. However, there is growing concern regarding feed removal and animal welfare issues. With this in mind, alternative diets have been developed to produce similar molting effects as that of feed deprivation. Alfalfa, which largely consists of insoluble fiber, can be used as a molting diet. In this study, heterophil and lymphocyte counts, serum chemistry, and organ weight parameters were evaluated in hens that were deprived of feed or fed alfalfa during a nine day induced molt. Full-fed hens were used as the control. Blood serum parameters assessed included calcium, magnesium, glucose, total protein, ketone bodies, uric acid, and cholesterol. White blood cells were counted and categorized by cell type. On the ninth day of the trial, the hens were euthanized and the liver, spleen, heart, intestine, pancreas, ovary, oviduct, and kidney were collected and weighed. On day 8 birds molted with alfalfa or by feed deprivation had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of ketone bodies and cholesterol and lower levels of calcium, and magnesium compared to the full-fed hens while birds molted by feed deprivation exhibited significantly lower levels of uric acid. Birds molted by both methods exhibited significant reductions in ovary, oviduct, liver and pancreas weights and increased spleen weights when compared to the non-molted hens. On days 0, 2, and 6 there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in either heterophil or lymphocyte percentages. However, heterophil percentages were higher in feed withdrawal birds than full-fed birds on day 4 but lymphocyte percentages were higher in full-fed birds compared to feed withdrawal birds. On day 8 of the induced molt lymphocyte percentages were higher from full-fed birds when compared to feed withdrawal birds but no significant differences were detectable for heterophil percentages. Based on reproductive organ weight loss and changes in serum and immunological responses of birds during molt, it appears that alfalfa meal can be an effective molt induction alternative. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, SPARC, FFSRU, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, IFSE, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 38 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 99 IS 3 BP 604 EP 608 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.036 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 239AX UT WOS:000251491200021 PM 17336056 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL Min, SH AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. Min, Soo-Hong TI Biosorbents prepared from wood particles treated with anionic polymer and iron salt: Effect of particle size on phosphate adsorption SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; biomass; biosorbent; carboxymethyl cellulose; phosphate ID HEAVY-METAL IONS; SAWDUST; REMOVAL; CAPACITY; SORPTION; WATER; BARK AB Biomass-based adsorbents have been widely studied as a cost-effective and environmentally-benign means to remove pollutants and nutrients from water. A two-stage treatment of aspen wood particles with solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and ferrous chloride afforded a biosorbent that was effective in removing phosphate from test solutions. FTIR spectroscopy of the biosorbent samples showed a decrease in the intensity of the carboxylate signal coinciding with a decrease in particle size. Elemental analysis results showed the iron content of both the biosorbent samples, and wood particles treated with ferrous chloride alone, to also decrease with particle size. The relationship between iron content and particle size for the biosorbent samples appeared to be a function of both the amount of CMC-Fe complex and the efficiency of removing free iron ions after treating. Sorption testing results showed a strong linear correlation between the phosphorous uptake capacities and the iron contents of the samples adjusted for losses of iron during testing. As anticipated, pretreating with the anionic polymer provided additional sites to complex iron and thereby imparted a greater phosphorous uptake capacity. Although the larger wood particles provided a greater amount of iron for phosphate removal, smaller wood particles may be preferred since they afforded the lowest release of iron relative to the amount of phosphate removed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Samsung Corp, Div Technol, Songnam 463824, Gyonggi Do, South Korea. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 99 IS 3 BP 626 EP 630 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.037 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 239AX UT WOS:000251491200024 PM 17336059 ER PT J AU Foulk, JA Akin, DE Dodd, RB AF Foulk, Jonn A. Akin, Danny E. Dodd, Roy B. TI INFLUENCE OF PECTINOLYTIC ENZYMES ON RETTING EFFECTIVENESS AND RESULTANT FIBER PROPERTIES SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Flax; Fiber; Enzyme; Retting; Fiber quality ID FLAX FIBERS; CORTICAL PARENCHYMA; ALKALINE PECTINASE; CHELATING-AGENTS; BAST FIBERS; PILOT-PLANT; CELL-WALLS; BIOPREPARATION; COMPONENTS; HYPOCOTYL AB Enzymes have the potential to provide an improved method to ret flax for textile fibers. Retting is the separation or loosening of fiber bundles from the cuticularized epidermis and the woody core cells. New commercial pectinase products were evaluated both with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for retting efficiency. The Fried Test identified the most efficient enzymes and best retting conditions. All enzymes retted flax stems better in the presence of 18 mM EDTA. Pectinases that also contained cellulases reduced fiber strength, whereas those without cellulases effectively retted flax without substantial strength loss. Viscozyme, which has been used extensively in our enzyme-retting research, and several pectinolytic enzymes were compared in pilot plant scale tests. Texazym BFE and Bioprep 3000 L retted flax as well as Viscozyme in this system, and the fibers had higher tenacity. The monocomponent nature, commercial availability and price, and ability to ret flax in combination with EDTA at high pH indicated a potential advantage for Bioprep 3000 L in these tests. Retting with different enzymes and formulations resulted in fibers with different properties, thereby leading to protocols for tailored fiber characteristics. C1 [Foulk, Jonn A.] USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. [Akin, Danny E.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Dodd, Roy B.] Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Foulk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM jonn.foulk@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 155 EP 169 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YI UT WOS:000263689800015 ER PT J AU Mikkonen, KS Yadav, MP Cooke, P Willfor, S Hicks, KB Tenkanen, M AF Mikkonen, Kirsi S. Yadav, Madhav P. Cooke, Peter Willfor, Stefan Hicks, Kevin B. Tenkanen, Maija TI FILMS FROM SPRUCE GALACTOGLUCOMANNAN BLENDED WITH POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL), CORN ARABINOXYLAN, AND KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Galactoglucomannan; Films; Blends; Mechanical properties; Dynamic Mechanical Analysis; Scanning Electron Microscopy ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MAIZE BRAN; HEMICELLULOSE; BIODEGRADATION; EXTRUSION; GLYCEROL; PECTIN; STARCH AB The improvement of mechanical properties of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM)-based films was sought by blending GGM with each of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), corn arabinoxylan (cAX), and konjac glucomannan (KGM). The blend ratios were 3: 1, 1: 1, and 1: 3 (w/w), and in addition films were made from each of the polymers alone. Glycerol was used as plasticizer. Adding other polymers increased the elongation at break of GGM blend films. The tensile strength of films increased with increasing amount of PVOH and KGM, but the effect of cAX was the opposite. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed two separate loss modulus peaks for blends of GGM and PVOH, but a single peak for all other films. Optical and scanning electron microscopy confirmed good miscibility of GGM with cAX and KGM. In contrast, films blended from GGM and PVOH showed phase separation when examined by microscopy. C1 [Mikkonen, Kirsi S.; Tenkanen, Maija] Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Mikkonen, Kirsi S.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Technol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Yadav, Madhav P.; Cooke, Peter; Hicks, Kevin B.] Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Willfor, Stefan] Abo Akad Univ, Proc Chem Ctr, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. RP Mikkonen, KS (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM kirsi.s.mikkonen@helsinki.fi RI Tenkanen, Maija/F-9080-2016; OI Tenkanen, Maija/0000-0003-2883-2717; Mikkonen, Kirsi/0000-0003-4490-5912 FU Research of Natural Resources in Finland; Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes) FX Chunlin Xu is acknowledged for the isolation of GGM and for the mannose content analysis, Guoping Bao for skillful technical assistance in SEM imaging of films, and David Coffin for assistance in DMA. Foundation for Research of Natural Resources in Finland, Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes), and Academy of Finland are thanked for financial support. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 178 EP 191 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YI UT WOS:000263689800017 ER PT J AU McSweeny, JD Rowell, RM Chen, GC Eberhardt, TL Min, SH AF McSweeny, James D. Rowell, Roger M. Chen, George C. Eberhardt, Thomas L. Min, Soo-Hong TI PERIODATE AND HYPOBROMITE MODIFICATION OF SOUTHERN PINE WOOD TO IMPROVE SORPTION OF COPPER ION SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Periodate; Hypobromite; Selective oxidation; Copper ion sorption; Southern pine wood ID OXIDATION; ACID; ALCOHOL AB Milled southern pine wood was modified with sequential treatments of sodium periodate and sodium hypobromite for the purpose of improving copper ion (Cu(2+)) sorption capacity of the wood when tested in 24-h equilibrium batch tests. The modified wood provided additional carboxyl groups to those in the native wood and substantially increased Cu2+ uptake over that of unmodified wood. Sorption capacity (q(e)) measured with an unbuffered standard solution increased to a maximum of 7.8 mg Cu(2+) ion per gram of wood (treated) from 3.1 mg Cu(2+) ion/g wood (untreated). Samples tested were first sodium ion exchanged to keep the pH of the standard solution from declining during the sorption test. The treatment necessary for maximum qe was 3% (w/v) periodate for 24 h and 0.8% (w/v) bromine (as hypobromite) for 24 h; both treatments were at room temperature. These conditions corresponded to the maximum periodate concentration and treatment times tested. To further evaluate the efficacy of modification treatments, weight change after each treatment was determined. Weight loss after the periodate stage for any concentration and time used was minor, indicating the selective nature of this reaction. However, most of the weight loss was incurred after hypobromite treatment. Weight loss corresponding to the greatest increase in sorption capacity was 12.6% total from the combined periodate and hypobromite stages. The increase of carboxylate functional groups in the wood was monitored using FTIR/ATR spectroscopy. C1 [McSweeny, James D.; Rowell, Roger M.; Chen, George C.] Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Eberhardt, Thomas L.] Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Min, Soo-Hong] Samsung Corp, Songnam 463824, Gyonggi Do, South Korea. RP McSweeny, JD (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 204 EP 216 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YI UT WOS:000263689800019 ER PT J AU Nowacki, GJ Abrams, MD AF Nowacki, Gregory J. Abrams, Marc D. TI The demise of fire and "Mesophication" of forests in the eastern United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fire-adapted species; oak-pine; prescribed burning; forest floor; restoration ID OLD-GROWTH FOREST; LAND-USE HISTORY; OAK SAVANNA; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-YORK; WISCONSIN; PRESETTLEMENT; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; HOMOGENIZATION AB A diverse array of fire-adapted plant communities once covered the eastern United States. European settlement greatly altered fire regimes, often increasing fire occurrence (e.g., in northern hardwoods) or substantially decreasing it (e.g., in tallgrass prairies). Notwithstanding these changes, fire suppression policies, beginning around the 1920s, greatly reduced fire throughout the East, with profound ecological consequences. Fire-maintained open lands converted to closed-canopy forests. As a result of shading, shade-tolerant, fire-sensitive plants began to replace heliophytic (sun-loving), fire-tolerant plants. A positive feedback cycle-which we term "mesophication"-ensued, whereby microenvironmental conditions (cool, damp, and shaded conditions; less flammable fuel beds) continually improve for shade-tolerant mesophytic species and deteriorate for shade-intolerant, fire-adapted species. Plant communities are undergoing rapid compositional and structural changes, some with no ecological antecedent. Stand-level species richness is declining, and will decline further, as numerous fire-adapted plants are replaced by a limited set Of shade-tolerant, fire-sensitive species. As this process continues, the effort and cost required to restore fire-adapted ecosystems escalate rapidly. C1 [Nowacki, Gregory J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Abrams, Marc D.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nowacki, GJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Milwaukee, WI USA. EM gnowacki@fs.fed.us; agl@psu.edu NR 65 TC 319 Z9 328 U1 19 U2 151 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 58 IS 2 BP 123 EP 138 DI 10.1641/B580207 PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 264HE UT WOS:000253277600007 ER PT J AU Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML Grove, JM Groffman, PM Band, LE Boone, CG Burch, WR Grimmond, CSB Hom, J Jenkins, JC Law, NL Nilon, CH Pouyat, RV Szlavecz, K Warren, PS Wilson, MA AF Pickett, Steward T. A. Cadenasso, Mary L. Grove, J. Morgan Groffman, Peter M. Band, Lawrence E. Boone, Christopher G. Burch, William R., Jr. Grimmond, C. Susan B. Hom, John Jenkins, Jennifer C. Law, Neely L. Nilon, Charles H. Pouyat, Richard V. Szlavecz, Katalin Warren, Paige S. Wilson, Matthew A. TI Beyond urban legends: An emerging framework of urban ecology, as illustrated by the Baltimore Ecosystem Study SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE city; coupled natural-human system; patch dynamics; social-ecological system; urban ecosystem ID BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; RIPARIAN ZONES; SOIL-NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES; URBANIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; FLUXES; HETEROGENEITY; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION AB The emerging discipline of urban ecology is shifting focus from ecological processes embedded within cities to integrative studies of large urban areas as biophysical-social complexes. Yet this discipline lacks a theory. Results from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, part of the Long Term Ecological Research Network, expose new assumptions and test existing assumptions about urban ecosystems. The findings suggest a broader range of structural and functional relationships than is often assumed for urban ecological systems. We address the relationships between social status and awareness of environmental problems, and between race and environmental hazard. We present patterns of species diversity, riparian function, and stream nitrate loading. In addition, we probe the suitability of land-use models, the diversity of soils, and the potential for urban carbon sequestration. Finally, we illustrate lags between social patterns and vegetation, the biogeochemistry of lawns, ecosystem nutrient retention, and social-biophysical feedbacks. These results suggest a framework for a theory of urban ecosystems. C1 [Pickett, Steward T. A.; Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies Millbrook, Millbrook, NY USA. [Cadenasso, Mary L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA USA. [Grove, J. Morgan] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT USA. [Band, Lawrence E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Boone, Christopher G.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ USA. [Boone, Christopher G.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Burch, William R., Jr.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Yale Urban Resources Initiat, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Grimmond, C. Susan B.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London, England. [Grimmond, C. Susan B.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Hom, John] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Jenkins, Jennifer C.] Univ Vermont, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. [Law, Neely L.] Ctr Watershed Protect, Ellicott City, MD USA. [Nilon, Charles H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv,Baltimore Ecosyst Study, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Warren, Paige S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wilson, Matthew A.] ARCADIS, Highlands Ranch, CO USA. RP Pickett, STA (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies Millbrook, Millbrook, NY USA. EM picketts@ecostudies.org RI Grimmond, Sue/A-2179-2009; OI Grimmond, Sue/0000-0002-3166-9415; Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298 NR 65 TC 149 Z9 155 U1 15 U2 144 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 58 IS 2 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1641/B580208 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 264HE UT WOS:000253277600008 ER PT J AU Youn, HS Lim, HJ Lee, HJ Hwang, D Yang, M Jeon, R Ryu, JH AF Youn, Hyting-Sun Lim, Hyo Jin Lee, Hwa Jin Hwang, Daniel Yang, Min Jeon, Raok Ryu, Jae-Ha TI Garlic (Allium sativum) extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced toll-like receptor 4 dimerization SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE garlic; toll-like receptor; cyclooxygenase; nitric oxide synthase ID NF-KAPPA-B; INNATE IMMUNITY; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; DIALLYL SULFIDE; CUTTING EDGE; ACTIVATION; TLR4; EXPRESSION; COMPONENT; TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTOR-4 AB Garlic has long been used as a folk medicine. Numerous studies have demonstrated that a garlic extract and its sulfur-containing compounds inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation induced by various receptor agonists including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in sensing diverse microbial products and inducing innate immune responses. The dimerization of TLR4 is required for the activation of downstream signaling pathways, including NF-kappa B. Therefore, TLR4 dimerization may be one of the first lines of regulation in activating LPS-induced signaling pathways. We report here biochemical evidence that the ethyl acetate fraction of garlic inhibited the LPS-induced dimerization of TLR4, resulting in the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Our results demonstrate for the first time that a garlic extract can directly inhibit the TLRs-mediated signaling pathway at the receptor level. These results shed a new insight into understanding how garlic modulates the immune responses that could modify the risk of many chronic diseases. C1 [Lim, Hyo Jin; Lee, Hwa Jin; Yang, Min; Jeon, Raok; Ryu, Jae-Ha] Sookmyung Womens Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 140742, South Korea. [Youn, Hyting-Sun] Soonchunhyang Univ, Coll Med Sci, Dept Biomed Lab Sci, Chungnam 336745, South Korea. [Hwang, Daniel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hwang, Daniel] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ryu, JH (reprint author), Sookmyung Womens Univ, Coll Pharm, 52 Hyochangwon Gil, Seoul 140742, South Korea. EM ryuha@sookmyung.ac.kr NR 43 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 368 EP 375 DI 10.1271/bbb.70434 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 272WQ UT WOS:000253892800013 PM 18256479 ER PT J AU Ei-Mashad, HM Zhang, R Avena-Bustillos, RJ AF EI-Mashad, Hamed M. Zhang, Ruffiong Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. TI A two-step process for biodiesel production from salmon oil SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; TRANSESTERIFICATION AB Salmon oil, a by-product of salmon processing, was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production via transesterification in a two-step process. Two different types of salmon oil were tested: salmon oil extracted from acidified salmon hydrolysate and salmon oil extracted from salmon by-products. optimal amounts of chemicals required to give the highest biodiesel yield from each oil were determined using batch production procedures. It was found that due to the high acid value of salmon oil, alkaline-catalysed transesterification was not an effective method for producing biodiesel from the salmon oil. Therefore a two-step process was applied, in which a sulphuric acid-catalysed pretreatment was used in the first step to reduce the acid value from 12.0 to 3 mg [KOH] g [oil](-1) and then, in the second step, KOH-catalysed transesterification was applied. All experiments were performed at a temperature of 52+/-2 degrees C with a mixing intensity of 600 rpm. Based on the total weight of salmon oil used, the maximum biodiesel yield of 99% was achieved using a total methanol/molar ratio of 9.2% and 0.5% (w/w) KOH. Ester loss due to the formation of emulsion during the washing and drying steps was 15% maximum. This loss could be reduced in practical applications by better design of washing and drying techniques. A preliminary economic analysis showed that the cost of biodiesel production from salmon oil was almost twice that produced from soybean oil. (C) 2007 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [EI-Mashad, Hamed M.; Zhang, Ruffiong] Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [EI-Mashad, Hamed M.] Mansoura Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Engn, Mansoura, Egypt. [Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.] USDA ARS, WRRC, Processed Foods Res Unit, St Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hamedel-mashad@mans.edu.eg; rhzhang@ucdavis.edu; ravena@pw.usda.gov NR 24 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.09.029 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 279QY UT WOS:000254370900008 ER PT J AU Prabha, TV Leclerc, MY Karipot, A Hollinger, DY Murch-Radlgruber, E AF Prabha, Thara V. Leclerc, Monique Y. Karipot, Anandakumar Hollinger, David Y. Murch-Radlgruber, Erich TI Influence of nocturnal low-level jets on eddy-covariance fluxes over a tall forest canopy SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon-dioxide flux; countergradient fluxes; eddy covariance; low-level jet; shear sheltering; wavelet analysis ID STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENT COHERENT MOTIONS; WAVELET ANALYSIS; SURFACE-LAYER; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; VEGETATION CANOPIES; KATABATIC FLOW; MOUNTAIN WAVES; CO2 EXCHANGE; SHEAR-FLOW AB Observations of low-level jets (LLJs) at the Howland AmeriFlux site in the USA and the jet's impact on nocturnal turbulent exchange and scalar fluxes over a tall forest canopy are discussed. Low-frequency motions and turbulent bursts characterize moderately strong LLJs, whereas low-frequency motions are suppressed during periods with strong LLJs and enhanced shear. An analysis based on the shear-sheltering hypothesis seeks to elucidate the effect of LLJs on flux measurements. In the absence of shear sheltering, large eddies penetrate the roughness sublayer causing enhanced mixing while during periods with shear sheltering, mixing is reduced. In the absence of the latter, 'upside-down' eddies are primarily responsible for the enhanced velocity variances, scalar and momentum fluxes. The integral length scales over the canopy are greater than the canopy height. The variance spectra and cospectra from the wavelet analysis indicate that large eddies (spatial scale greater than the low-level jet height) interact with active canopy-scale turbulence, contributing to counter-gradient scalar fluxes. C1 [Prabha, Thara V.; Leclerc, Monique Y.; Karipot, Anandakumar] Univ Georgia, Lab Expt Phys, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Prabha, Thara V.] Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Griffin, GA USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. [Murch-Radlgruber, Erich] Inst Meteorol & Phys IMP BOKU, Vienna, Austria. RP Leclerc, MY (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Lab Expt Phys, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM Mleclerc@uga.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 NR 62 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 126 IS 2 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s10546-007-9232-3 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255PT UT WOS:000252670600003 ER PT J AU de Leon, JH Logarzo, GA Triapitsyn, SV AF de Leon, J. H. Logarzo, G. A. Triapitsyn, S. V. TI Molecular characterization of Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae), a prospective Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) biological control candidate agent from South America: divergent clades SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gonatocerus tuberculifemur; cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI); ISSR-PCR DNA fingerprinting; phylogenetics; biological control ID PROCONIINE SHARPSHOOTERS HEMIPTERA; TAPAJOSA-RUBROMARGINATA HEMIPTERA; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; EGG PARASITOIDS; COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; PIERCES-DISEASE; SPECIES BORDERS; CLYPEORRHYNCHA; POPULATION AB We genetically characterized the prospective South American egg parasitoid candidate, Gonatocerus tuberculifemur, of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis, for a neoclassical biological control program in California. Two molecular methods, inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction DNA fingerprinting and a phylogeographic approach inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI), were utilized. Five geographic populations from South America were analyzed; in addition, a phylogenetic analysis was performed with several named and one unnamed Gonatocerus species using the COI gene. DNA fingerprinting demonstrated a fixed geographic banding pattern difference in the population from San Rafael, Mendoza Province, Argentina. The COI analysis uncovered haplotype or geographic structure in G. tuberculifemur. A neighbour-joining distance (NJ) and a single most parsimonious tree (MP) clustered the populations into two well-supported distinct clades with strong bootstrap values (97-99% and 92-99%, respectively) with populations from San Rafael clustering into clade 2 and the rest of the populations clustering into clade 1. No haplotype sharing was observed between individuals from the two clades. Phylogenetic analyses performed by NJ and MP methods with 15 Gonatocerus species confirmed species boundaries and again uncovered two distinct clades in G. tuberculifemur with strong bootstrap support (95-100% and 68-100%, respectively). However, the NJ tree supported the morphologically defined relationships better than the MP tree. The molecular evidence in the present Study is suggestive of a species level divergence. Because C. tuberculifemur, is under consideration as a potential biological control agent for GWSS in California, understanding cryptic variation in this species is critical. C1 [de Leon, J. H.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Logarzo, G. A.] USDA, ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Triapitsyn, S. V.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP de Leon, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jesus.deleon@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 EI 1475-2670 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1017/S0007485307005469 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 348TM UT WOS:000259233000010 PM 18076782 ER PT J AU Piccolo, JJ Hughes, NF Bryant, MD AF Piccolo, John J. Hughes, Nicholas F. Bryant, Mason D. TI Water velocity influences prey detection and capture by drift-feeding juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GRAYLING THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; BROWN TROUT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MICROHABITAT USE; ATLANTIC SALMON; HABITAT SELECTION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; INTERIOR ALASKA; POSITION CHOICE; MODEL AB We examined the effects of water velocity on prey detection and capture by drift-feeding juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) in laboratory experiments. We used repeated-measures analysis of variance to test the effects of velocity, species, and the velocity x species interaction on prey capture probability, prey detection distance, and swimming speeds during prey capture. We used 3D video analysis to assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of prey detection and capture. Coho and steelhead showed significant, velocity-dependent decreases in capture probability (similar to 65% to 10%, with an increase of velocity from 0.29 to 0.61 m center dot s(-1)) and prey detection distance, with no effect of species and no velocity x species interaction. Neither velocity nor species affected prey interception speed; fish intercepted prey at their predicted maximum sustainable swimming speed (V-max) at all velocities. Speed of return to the focal point increased significantly with in-creasing velocity, with no effect of species. At faster velocities, return speeds were faster than V-max, indicating potential increases in energetic cost because of anaerobic swimming. The 3D analysis suggests that the reduction in capture probability was due to both reduced prey detection distance and a uniform decline in detection probability within the prey capture area. C1 [Piccolo, John J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Fisheries Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hughes, Nicholas F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bryant, Mason D.] USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Piccolo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Fisheries Ctr, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ftjjp1@uaf.edu NR 34 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 65 IS 2 BP 266 EP 275 DI 10.1139/F07-172 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 267YW UT WOS:000253546100010 ER PT J AU Monserud, RA Yang, YQ Huang, SM Tchebakova, N AF Monserud, Robert A. Yang, Yuqing Huang, Shongming Tchebakova, Nadja TI Potential change in lodgepole pine site index and distribution under climatic change in Alberta SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INLAND DOUGLAS-FIR; WESTERN CANADA; TREE-RINGS; MODEL; PARAMETERS; FORESTS; SCALES AB We estimated the impact of global climate change on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) site productivity in Alberta based on the Alberta Climate Model and the A2 SRES climate change scenario projections from three global circulation models (CGCM2, HADCM3, and ECHAM4). Considerable warming is apparent in all three models. On average, the increases in mean GDD(5) (growing degree-daysa > 5C) are 18%, 38%, and 65% by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. Change in precipitation is essentially nil. This results in proportional increases in dryness index. We used the dryness index to predict the potential future range and GDD(5) to predict its potential productivity. Generally, lodgepole pine site index is predicted to increase steadily by 3m for each 30-year period. Offsetting this increase is a large reduction in suitable area as drying increases. At first, the warming increases the potential range up to 67% by the 2020s but then shrinks from 34% to 58% of its current area by 2080. Such major changes will need to be considered when setting long-term forest management plans. The increased risk of both wildfire and insect outbreaks further compounds this planning problem, especially because these disturbance events can interact and further increase risk. C1 [Monserud, Robert A.] USDA, US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Yang, Yuqing; Huang, Shongming] AB Sustainable Resource Dev, Forest Management Branch, Publ Lands & Forests Div, Edmonton, AB T5K 2M4, Canada. [Tchebakova, Nadja] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rmonserud@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 38 IS 2 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1139/X07-166 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271FJ UT WOS:000253774000016 ER EF